1 mitochondrion inheritance P The distribution of mitochondria, including the mitochondrial genome, into daughter cells after mitosis or meiosis, mediated by interactions between mitochondria and the cytoskeleton.
2 mitochondrial genome maintenance P The maintenance of the structure and integrity of the mitochondrial genome; includes replication and segregation of the mitochondrial chromosome.
3 reproduction P The production of new individuals that contain some portion of genetic material inherited from one or more parent organisms.
6 high-affinity zinc uptake transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Zn2+(out) = Zn2+(in), probably powered by proton motive force. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
7 low-affinity zinc ion transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Zn2+ = Zn2+, probably powered by proton motive force. In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.
9 alpha-1,6-mannosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a mannose residue to an oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->6) linkage.
10 trans-hexaprenyltranstransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-hexaprenyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = all-trans-heptaprenyl diphosphate + diphosphate.
11 vacuole inheritance P The distribution of vacuoles into daughter cells after mitosis or meiosis, mediated by interactions between vacuoles and the cytoskeleton.
12 single strand break repair P The repair of single strand breaks in DNA. Repair of such breaks is mediated by the same enzyme systems as are used in base excision repair.
14 single-stranded DNA endodeoxyribonuclease activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within a single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid molecule by creating internal breaks.
15 phosphopyruvate hydratase complex C A multimeric enzyme complex, usually a dimer or an octamer, that catalyzes the conversion of 2-phospho-D-glycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate and water.
16 lactase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: lactose + H2O = D-glucose + D-galactose.
17 alpha-glucoside transport P The directed movement of alpha-glucosides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Alpha-glucosides are glycosides in which the sugar group is a glucose residue, and the anomeric carbon of the bond is in an alpha configuration.
18 regulation of DNA recombination P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination, a DNA metabolic process in which a new genotype is formed by reassortment of genes resulting in gene combinations different from those that were present in the parents.
19 regulation of mitotic recombination P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination during mitosis.
22 mitotic spindle elongation P The cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the mitotic spindle. Mitotic spindle elongation begins during mitotic prophase and ends during mitotic anaphase B.
23 maltose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving the disaccharide maltose (4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose), an intermediate in the catabolism of glycogen and starch.
24 maltose biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the disaccharide maltose (4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose).
25 maltose catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the disaccharide maltose (4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose).
26 alpha-1,2-mannosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a mannose residue to an oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->2) linkage.
27 ribosomal large subunit assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of constituent RNAs and proteins to form the large ribosomal subunit.
28 ribosomal small subunit assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of constituent RNAs and proteins to form the small ribosomal subunit.
30 mannosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a mannosyl group to an acceptor molecule, typically another carbohydrate or a lipid.
31 mannosylphosphate transferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a mannosylphosphate group from one compound to another.
32 cell wall mannoprotein biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cell wall mannoproteins, any cell wall protein that contains covalently bound mannose residues.
33 alpha-1,3-mannosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a mannose residue to an oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->3) linkage.
34 adenine deaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: adenine + H2O = hypoxanthine + NH3.
35 acyl binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an acyl group, any group formally derived by removal of the hydroxyl group from the acid function of a carboxylic acid.
36 ACP phosphopantetheine attachment site binding involved in fatty acid biosynthetic process F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the attachment site of the phosphopantetheine prosthetic group of an acyl carrier protein (ACP) as part of the process of fatty acid biosynthesis.
38 very long-chain fatty acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a fatty acid which has a chain length greater than C22.
40 low-affinity iron ion transmembrane transport P A process in which an iron ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is only present at very low concentrations.
41 transition metal ion transport P The directed movement of transition metal ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A transition metal is an element whose atom has an incomplete d-subshell of extranuclear electrons, or which gives rise to a cation or cations with an incomplete d-subshell. Transition metals often have more than one valency state. Biologically relevant transition metals include vanadium, manganese, iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum and silver.
42 protein targeting to Golgi P The process of directing proteins towards the Golgi; usually uses signals contained within the protein.
45 autophagosome assembly P The formation of a double membrane-bounded structure, the autophagosome, that occurs when a specialized membrane sac, called the isolation membrane, starts to enclose a portion of the cytoplasm.
48 peptidyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl-tRNA(1) + aminoacyl-tRNA(2) = tRNA(1) + peptidylaminoacyl-tRNA(2).
49 tRNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with transfer RNA.
50 urea cycle P The sequence of reactions by which arginine is synthesized from ornithine, then cleaved to yield urea and regenerate ornithine. The overall reaction equation is NH3 + CO2 + aspartate + 3 ATP + 2 H2O = urea + fumarate + 2 ADP + 2 phosphate + AMP + diphosphate.
52 citrulline metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving citrulline, N5-carbamoyl-L-ornithine, an alpha amino acid not found in proteins.
53 argininosuccinate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving argininosuccinate, 2-(N(omega)-arginino)succinate, an intermediate in the ornithine-urea cycle, where it is synthesized from citrulline and aspartate.
54 ribosomal subunit export from nucleus P The directed movement of a ribosomal subunit from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
55 ribosomal large subunit export from nucleus P The directed movement of a ribosomal large subunit from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
56 ribosomal small subunit export from nucleus P The directed movement of a ribosomal small subunit from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
59 protein import into nucleus, docking P A protein complex assembly process that contributes to protein import into the nucleus, and that results in the association of a cargo protein, a carrier protein such as an importin alpha/beta heterodimer, and a nucleoporin located at the periphery of the nuclear pore complex.
60 protein import into nucleus, translocation P A protein transport process that contributes to protein import into the nucleus, and that results in the vectorial transfer of a cargo-carrier protein complex through the nuclear pore complex from the cytoplasmic side to the nucleoplasmic side of the nuclear envelope.
61 protein import into nucleus, substrate release P A protein complex disassembly process that contributes to protein import into the nucleus, and that results in the dissociation of the cargo protein and the carrier (such as an importin alpha/beta heterodimer) from each other and from the nuclear pore complex.
62 fatty-acyl-CoA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with a fatty acyl group.
64 L-ornithine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of L-ornithine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-ornithine is 2,5-diaminopentanoic acid.
66 mitochondrial ornithine transport P The directed movement of ornithine, 2,5-diaminopentanoic acid, into, out of or within a mitochondrion.
70 mitotic sister chromatid segregation P The cell cycle process in which replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the mitotic cell cycle. Each replicated chromosome, composed of two sister chromatids, aligns at the cell equator, paired with its homologous partner. One homolog of each morphologic type goes into each of the resulting chromosome sets.
73 spindle pole body separation P A largely uncharacterized process involving the release of duplicated spindle pole bodies (SPBs) and their migration away from each other within the nuclear membrane. Duplicated SPBs are connected by a bridge structure that may be severed in order to release the SPBs from one another. Following liberation, SPBs diffuse through the nuclear membrane until they are across from each other. SPB separation must take place in order for a bipolar mitotic spindle to assemble.
75 cell cycle checkpoint P A cell cycle process that controls cell cycle progression by monitoring the integrity of specific cell cycle events. A cell cycle checkpoint begins with detection of deficiencies or defects and ends with signal transduction.
76 DNA replication checkpoint P A cell cycle checkpoint that prevents the initiation of nuclear division until DNA replication is complete, thereby ensuring that progeny inherit a full complement of the genome.
77 DNA damage checkpoint P A cell cycle checkpoint that regulates progression through the cell cycle in response to DNA damage. A DNA damage checkpoint may blocks cell cycle progression (in G1, G2 or metaphase) or slow the rate at which S phase proceeds.
79 regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity.
80 mitotic G1 phase P The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA segregation by mitosis and the beginning of DNA synthesis.
82 G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle P The mitotic cell cycle transition by which a cell in G1 commits to S phase. The process begins with the build up of G1 cyclin-dependent kinase (G1 CDK), resulting in the activation of transcription of G1 cyclins. The process ends with the positive feedback of the G1 cyclins on the G1 CDK which commits the cell to S phase, in which DNA replication is initiated.
83 regulation of transcription involved in G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle P Any process that regulates transcription such that the target genes are involved in the transition between G1 and S phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
84 mitotic S phase P The cell cycle phase, following G1, during which DNA synthesis takes place as part of a mitotic cell cycle.
85 mitotic G2 phase P The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA synthesis and the beginning of DNA segregation by mitosis.
86 G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle P The mitotic cell cycle transition by which a cell in G2 commits to M phase. The process begins when the kinase activity of M cyclin/CDK complex reaches a threshold high enough for the cell cycle to proceed. This is accomplished by activating a positive feedback loop that results in the accumulation of unphosphorylated and active M cyclin/CDK complex.
87 mitotic M phase P A cell cycle phase during which nuclear division occurs, and which is comprises the phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase and occurs as part of a mitotic cell cycle.
88 mitotic prophase P The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of M phase of mitosis and during which chromosomes condense and the two daughter centrioles and their asters migrate toward the poles of the cell.
89 mitotic metaphase P The cell cycle phase, following prophase, during which chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell as part of a mitotic cell cycle.
90 mitotic anaphase P The cell cycle phase during which chromosomes separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle the as part of a mitotic cell cycle.
91 mitotic anaphase A P The cell cycle phase during which the kinetochore microtubules shorten as chromosomes move toward the spindle poles as part of mitosis.
92 mitotic anaphase B P The cell cycle phase during which the polar microtubules elongate and the two poles of the spindle move farther apart as part of mitosis.
93 mitotic telophase P The cell cycle phase which follows anaphase during M phase of mitosis and during which the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts.
95 S-adenosyl-L-methionine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of S-adenosylmethionine from one side of a membrane to the other. S-adenosylmethionine is S-(5'-adenosyl)-L-methionine, an important intermediate in one-carbon metabolism.
96 sulfur amino acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids containing sulfur, comprising cysteine, homocysteine, methionine and selenocysteine.
97 sulfur amino acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids containing sulfur, comprising cysteine, methionine and selenocysteine.
98 sulfur amino acid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids containing sulfur, comprising cysteine, methionine and selenocysteine.
99 sulfur amino acid transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of sulfur amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Sulphur amino acids contain sulfur in the form of cystine, methionine or their derivatives.
100 S-methylmethionine transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of S-methylmethionine from one side of a membrane to the other.
101 sulfur amino acid transport P The directed movement of amino acids containing sulfur (cystine, methionine and their derivatives) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
102 L-methionine secondary active transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of L-methionine from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Chemiosmotic sources of energy include uniport, symport or antiport.
103 sulfate assimilation P The pathways by which inorganic sulfate is processed and incorporated into sulfated compounds.
104 succinate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: succinate + acceptor = fumarate + reduced acceptor.
105 histidine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid.
107 imidazoleglycerol-phosphate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-P + L-glutamine = D-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate + aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide + L-glutamate + 2 H(+).
109 nucleotide-excision repair complex C Any complex formed of proteins that act in nucleotide-excision repair.
110 nucleotide-excision repair factor 1 complex C One of several protein complexes involved in nucleotide-excision repair; possesses DNA damage recognition and endodeoxynuclease activities. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Rad1p, Rad10p, and Rad14p; in human the subunits are ERCC4/XPF, ERCC1 and XPA, respectively.
111 nucleotide-excision repair factor 2 complex C One of several protein complexes involved in nucleotide-excision repair; possesses damaged DNA binding activity. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Rad4p and Rad23p.
112 nucleotide-excision repair factor 3 complex C One of several protein complexes involved in nucleotide-excision repair; possesses endodeoxynuclease and DNA helicase activities. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Rad2p and the core TFIIH-Ssl2p complex (core TFIIH is composed of Rad3p, Tfb1p, Tfb2p, Ssl1p, Tfb4p and Tfb5p. Note that Ssl2p is also called Rad25p).
113 nucleotide-excision repair factor 4 complex C One of several protein complexes involved in nucleotide-excision repair; possesses DNA damage recognition and DNA-dependent ATPase activities. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Rad7p and Rad16p.
117 regulation of transcription involved in G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle P Any process that regulates transcription such that the target genes are transcribed as part of the G2/M transition of the mitotic cell cycle.
118 histone deacetylase complex C A protein complex that possesses histone deacetylase activity.
120 RNA polymerase I transcription factor complex C A transcription factor complex that acts at promoters of genes transcribed by RNA polymerase I.
121 glycerol-1-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glycerol-1-phosphate + H2O = glycerol + phosphate.
122 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
123 histone acetyltransferase complex C A protein complex that possesses histone acetyltransferase activity.
124 SAGA complex C A SAGA-type histone acetyltransferase complex that contains Spt8 (in budding yeast) or a homolog thereof; additional polypeptides include Spt group, consisting of Spt7, Spt3, and Spt20/Ada5, which interact with the TATA-binding protein (TBP); the Ada group, consisting of Ada1, Ada2, Ada3, Ada4/Gcn5, and Ada5/Spt20, which is functionally linked to the nucleosomal HAT activity; Tra1, an ATM/PI-3 kinase-related protein that targets DNA-bound activators for recruitment to promoters; the TBP-associated factor (TAF) proteins, consisting of Taf5, Taf6, Taf9, Taf10, and Taf12, which mediate nucleosomal HAT activity and are thought to help recruit the basal transcription machinery.
125 PCAF complex C A large multiprotein complex that possesses histone acetyltransferase activity and is involved in regulation of transcription. The composition is similar to that of the SAGA complex, but includes fewer Spt and Ada proteins, and more TAFs.
126 transcription factor TFIIIB complex C A transcription factor complex that is involved in regulating transcription from RNA polymerase III (Pol III) promoters. TFIIIB contains the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and two Pol III-specific proteins, B'' and BRF.
127 transcription factor TFIIIC complex C A heterotrimeric transcription factor complex that is involved in regulating transcription from RNA polymerase III (Pol III) promoters. TFIIIC contains three conserved subunits that associate with the proximal Pol III promoter element, and additional subunits that associate with sequence elements downstream of the promoter and are more diverged among species. It also functions as a boundary element to partition genome content into distinct domains outside Pol III promoter regions.
128 flocculation P The reversible, non-sexual aggregation of single-celled organisms in suspension to form aggregates of many cells known as flocs.
131 incipient cellular bud site C The portion of the budding yeast plasma membrane where a daughter cell will emerge. The yeast marks this spot with bud-site selection proteins before bud emergence occurs. Actin is polarized to this spot just prior to and during bud emergence.
132 establishment of mitotic spindle orientation P A cell cycle process that sets the alignment of mitotic spindle relative to other cellular structures.
133 polarisome C Protein complex that plays a role in determining cell polarity by directing the localized assembly of actin filaments at polarization sites; in Saccharomyces the polarisome includes Bni1p, Spa2p, Pea2p, and Bud6p.
136 alpha-1,6-mannosyltransferase complex C A large, multiprotein complex with alpha-(1->6)-mannosyltransferase activity, located in the cis Golgi membrane; adds mannan to N-linked glycans on proteins.
137 Golgi cis cisterna C The Golgi cisterna closest to the endoplasmic reticulum; the first processing compartment through which proteins pass after export from the ER.
138 Golgi trans cisterna C The Golgi cisterna farthest from the endoplasmic reticulum; the final processing compartment through which proteins pass before exiting the Golgi apparatus; the compartment in which N-linked protein glycosylation is completed.
139 Golgi membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the Golgi apparatus.
140 acylglycerone-phosphate reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-palmitoylglycerol-3-phosphate + NADP+ = palmitoylglycerone phosphate + NADPH + H(+).
142 cellular bud neck contractile ring C A contractile ring, i.e. a cytoskeletal structure composed of actin filaments and myosin, that forms beneath the plasma membrane at the mother-bud neck in mitotic cells that divide by budding in preparation for completing cytokinesis. An example of this structure is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
144 cellular bud neck septin ring C A ring-shaped structure that forms at the site of cytokinesis in the bud neck of a budding cell; composed of members of the conserved family of filament forming proteins called septins as well as septin-associated proteins. In S. cerevisiae, this structure forms at the time of bud emergence and the septins show a high rate of exchange.
145 exocyst C A protein complex peripherally associated with the plasma membrane that determines where vesicles dock and fuse. At least eight complex components are conserved between yeast and mammals.
146 microfilament motor activity F Catalysis of movement along a microfilament, coupled to the hydrolysis of a nucleoside triphosphate (usually ATP).
147 actin cortical patch assembly P Assembly of an actin cortical patch, a discrete actin-containing structure found at the plasma membrane of fungal cells.
148 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase complex C A protein complex that catalyzes the transfer of a glucose group from UDP-glucose to a (1->3)-beta-D-glucan chain.
149 SNARE binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attached protein receptor) protein.
150 recombinase activity F Catalysis of the identification and base-pairing of homologous sequences between single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA.
151 ubiquitin ligase complex C A protein complex that includes a ubiquitin-protein ligase and enables ubiquitin protein ligase activity. The complex also contains other proteins that may confer substrate specificity on the complex.
152 nuclear ubiquitin ligase complex C A ubiquitin ligase complex found in the nucleus.
153 cytoplasmic ubiquitin ligase complex C A ubiquitin ligase complex found in the cytoplasm.
154 rRNA modification P The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within an rRNA molecule to produce an rRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.
155 phosphorelay sensor kinase activity F Catalysis of the phosphorylation of a histidine residue in response to detection of an extracellular signal such as a chemical ligand or change in environment, to initiate a change in cell state or activity. The two-component sensor is a histidine kinase that autophosphorylates a histidine residue in its active site. The phosphate is then transferred to an aspartate residue in a downstream response regulator, to trigger a response.
156 phosphorelay response regulator activity F Responds to a phosphorelay sensor to initiate a change in cell state or activity. The activity of the response regulator is regulated by transfer of a phosphate from a histidine residue in the sensor, to an aspartate residue in the response regulator. Many but not all response regulators act as transcriptional regulators to elicit a response.
159 protein phosphatase type 2A complex C A protein complex that has protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity that is polycation-stimulated (PCS), being directly stimulated by protamine, polylysine, or histone H1; it constitutes a subclass of several enzymes activated by different histones and polylysine, and consists of catalytic, scaffolding, and regulatory subunits. The catalytic and scaffolding subunits form the core enzyme, and the holoenzyme also includes the regulatory subunit.
160 phosphorelay signal transduction system P A conserved series of molecular signals found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes; involves autophosphorylation of a histidine kinase and the transfer of the phosphate group to an aspartate that then acts as a phospho-donor to response regulator proteins.
161 MAPK cascade involved in osmosensory signaling pathway P A MAPK cascade involved in signal transduction in response to change in osmotic conditions.
162 tryptophan biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tryptophan, the chiral amino acid 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid; tryptophan is synthesized from chorismate via anthranilate.
164 protein phosphatase type 1 complex C A protein complex that possesses magnesium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase (AMD phosphatase) activity, and consists of a catalytic subunit and one or more regulatory subunits that dictates the phosphatase's substrate specificity, function, and activity.
165 MAPK cascade P An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a MAPK, a MAPKK and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.
166 nucleotide binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose.
167 activation of MAPKKK activity involved in osmosensory signaling pathway P Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase kinase kinase during osmolarity sensing.
168 activation of MAPKK activity involved in osmosensory signaling pathway P Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase kinase during osmolarity sensing.
169 activation of MAPK activity involved in osmosensory signaling pathway P Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase activity during osmolarity sensing.
170 sphingosine hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the hydroxylation of sphingolipid long chain bases.
171 ribonuclease MRP activity F Catalysis of the site-specific cleavage of RNA by a catalytic RNA-mediated mechanism; substrates include the A3 site in the ITS1 of pre-rRNA.
172 ribonuclease MRP complex C A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains an RNA molecule of the snoRNA family, and cleaves the rRNA precursor as part of rRNA transcript processing. It also has other roles: In S. cerevisiae it is involved in cell cycle-regulated degradation of daughter cell-specific mRNAs, while in mammalian cells it also enters the mitochondria and processes RNAs to create RNA primers for DNA replication.
173 inactivation of MAPK activity involved in osmosensory signaling pathway P Any process that terminates the activity of the active enzyme MAP kinase during osmolarity sensing.
175 3'-5'-exoribonuclease activity F Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 3' terminus of an RNA molecule.
176 nuclear exosome (RNase complex) C A ribonuclease complex that has 3-prime to 5-prime processive and distributive hydrolytic exoribonuclease activity and endoribonuclease activity, producing 5-prime-phosphomonoesters. Participates in a multitude of cellular RNA processing and degradation events preventing nuclear export and/or translation of aberrant RNAs. Restricted to processing linear and circular single-stranded RNAs (ssRNA) only. RNAs with complex secondary structures may have to be unwound or pre-processed by co-factors prior to entering the complex, esp if the 3-prime end is structured.
177 cytoplasmic exosome (RNase complex) C A ribonuclease complex that has 3-prime to 5-prime processive hydrolytic exoribonuclease activity producing 5-prime-phosphomonoesters. Participates in a multitude of cellular RNA processing and degradation events preventing nuclear export and/or translation of aberrant RNAs. Restricted to processing linear and circular single-stranded RNAs (ssRNA) only. RNAs with complex secondary structures may have to be unwound or pre-processed by co-factors prior to entering the complex, esp if the 3-prime end is structured.
178 exosome (RNase complex) C A ribonuclease complex that has 3-prime to 5-prime exoribonuclease activity and possibly endoribonuclease activity, producing 5-prime-phosphomonoesters. Participates in a multitude of cellular RNA processing and degradation events preventing nuclear export and/or translation of aberrant RNAs. Restricted to processing linear and circular single-stranded RNAs (ssRNA) only. RNAs with complex secondary structures may have to be unwound or pre-processed by co-factors prior to entering the complex, esp if the 3-prime end is structured.
179 rRNA (adenine-N6,N6-)-dimethyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the dimethylation two adjacent A residues in the loop closing the 3'-terminal stem of the 18S rRNA, using S-adenosyl-L-methionine as a methyl donor.
182 rDNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA sequences encoding ribosomal RNA.
183 chromatin silencing at rDNA P Repression of transcription of ribosomal DNA by altering the structure of chromatin.
184 nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay P The nonsense-mediated decay pathway for nuclear-transcribed mRNAs degrades mRNAs in which an amino-acid codon has changed to a nonsense codon; this prevents the translation of such mRNAs into truncated, and potentially harmful, proteins.
185 activation of MAPKKK activity P Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK).
186 activation of MAPKK activity P The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK).
187 activation of MAPK activity P The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase (MAPK).
188 inactivation of MAPK activity P Any process that terminates the activity of the active enzyme MAP kinase.
189 MAPK import into nucleus P The directed movement of a MAP kinase to the nucleus upon activation.
196 MAPK cascade involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis P A MAPK cascade that contributes to cell wall organization or biogenesis.
197 activation of MAPKKK activity involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis P Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase kinase kinase in the context of cell wall organization or biogenesis.
198 activation of MAPKK activity involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis P Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase kinase in the context of cell wall organization or biogenesis.
199 activation of MAPK activity involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis P Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase in the context of cell wall biogenesis, the assembly and arrangement of the cell wall, the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells.
200 inactivation of MAPK activity involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis P Any process that terminates the activity of the active enzyme MAP kinase in the context of cell wall organization or biogenesis.
201 MAPK import into nucleus involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis P The directed movement of a MAP kinase to the nucleus that occurs in the context of cell wall organization or biogenesis.
208 MAPK import into nucleus involved in osmosensory signaling pathway P The directed movement of a MAP kinase to the nucleus during osmolarity sensing.
209 protein polyubiquitination P Addition of multiple ubiquitin groups to a protein, forming a ubiquitin chain.
210 NAD+ diphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + H2O = AMP + NMN.
212 meiotic spindle organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the microtubule spindle during a meiotic cell cycle.
213 tRNA-intron endonuclease activity F Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of pre-tRNA, producing 5'-hydroxyl and 2',3'-cyclic phosphate termini, and specifically removing the intron.
214 tRNA-intron endonuclease complex C A protein complex that catalyzes the endonucleolytic cleavage of pre-tRNA, producing 5'-hydroxyl and 2',3'-cyclic phosphate termini, and specifically removing the intron.
215 tRNA 2'-phosphotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-phospho-[ligated tRNA] + NAD+ = mature tRNA + ADP ribose 1'',2''-phosphate + nicotinamide + H2O. This reaction is the transfer of the splice junction 2-phosphate from ligated tRNA to NAD+ to produce ADP-ribose 1'-2' cyclic phosphate.
217 DNA secondary structure binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA containing secondary structure elements such as four-way junctions, bubbles, loops, Y-form DNA, or double-strand/single-strand junctions.
220 vacuolar proton-transporting V-type ATPase, V0 domain C The V0 domain of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase found in the vacuolar membrane.
221 vacuolar proton-transporting V-type ATPase, V1 domain C The V1 domain of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase found in the vacuolar membrane.
222 plasma membrane proton-transporting V-type ATPase, V0 domain C The V0 domain of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase found in the plasma membrane.
223 plasma membrane proton-transporting V-type ATPase, V1 domain C The V1 domain of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase found in the plasma membrane.
224 peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl)asparagine amidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-N-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-protein + H2O = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylamine + peptide L-aspartate. This reaction is the hydrolysis of an N4-(acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)asparagine residue in which the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residue may be further glycosylated, to yield a (substituted) N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylamine and the peptide containing an aspartic residue.
225 N-acetylglucosaminylphosphatidylinositol deacetylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosaminylphosphatidylinositol + H2O = D-glucosaminylphosphatidylinositol + acetate. This reaction is the second step of the biosynthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI), used to anchor various eukaryotic proteins to the cell-surface membrane.
226 microtubule cytoskeleton organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins.
227 oxaloacetate secondary active transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of oxaloacetate from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Chemiosmotic sources of energy include uniport, symport or antiport.
228 nuclear chromosome C A chromosome that encodes the nuclear genome and is found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell during the cell cycle phases when the nucleus is intact.
229 cytoplasmic chromosome C A chromosome found in the cytoplasm.
234 phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + ethanolamine phosphate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-methylethanolamine phosphate.
235 astral microtubule C Any of the spindle microtubules that radiate in all directions from the spindle poles and are thought to contribute to the forces that separate the poles and position them in relation to the rest of the cell.
236 mitotic prometaphase P The cell cycle phase in higher eukaryotes which follows mitotic prophase and during which the nuclear envelope is disrupted and breaks into membrane vesicles, and the spindle microtubules enter the nuclear region. Kinetochores mature on each centromere and attach to some of the spindle microtubules. Kinetochore microtubules begin the process of aligning chromosomes in one plane halfway between the poles.
237 leptotene P The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of prophase I in meiosis, and during which the chromosomes first become visible.
238 zygotene P The cell cycle phase which follows leptotene during prophase I of meiosis, and during which each chromosome pairs with its homolog; the two become aligned and crossing over may occur.
239 pachytene P The cell cycle phase which follows zygotene during prophase I of meiosis, and during which crossing over occurs between a chromatid in one partner and another chromatid in the homologous chromosome.
240 diplotene P The cell cycle phase which follows pachytene during prophase I of meiosis, during which the homologous chromosomes begin to separate and the synaptonemal complex dissolves.
241 diakinesis P The cell cycle phase which follows diplotene during prophase I of meiosis, the separation of homologous chromosomes is complete and crossing over has occurred.
242 pericentriolar material C A network of small fibers that surrounds the centrioles in cells; contains the microtubule nucleating activity of the centrosome.
243 commitment complex C A spliceosomal complex that is formed by association of the U1 snRNP with the 5' splice site of an unspliced intron in an RNA transcript.
244 spliceosomal tri-snRNP complex assembly P The formation of a tri-snRNP complex containing U4 and U6 (or U4atac and U6atac) snRNAs and U5 snRNAs and associated proteins. This includes reannealing of U4 and U6 (or U4atac and U6atac) snRNAs released from previous rounds of splicing to reform the U4/U6 snRNP (or U4atac/U6atac snRNP) as well as the subsequent association of the U5 snRNP with the U4/U6 snRNP (or U4atac/U6atac snRNP) to form a tri-snRNP that is ready to reassemble into another spliceosome complex.
245 spliceosomal complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a spliceosomal complex, a ribonucleoprotein apparatus that catalyzes nuclear mRNA splicing via transesterification reactions.
246 delta24(24-1) sterol reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ergosterol + NADP(+) = ergosta-5,7,22,24(24(1))-tetraen-3beta-ol + H(+) + NADPH.
247 C-8 sterol isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction which results in unsaturation at C-7 in the B ring of sterols.
248 C-5 sterol desaturase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5,7,24(28)-ergostatrienol + O2 + NADPH = 5,7,22,24(28)-ergostatetraenol + 2 H2O + NADP+.
249 C-22 sterol desaturase activity F Catalysis of the formation of the C-22(23) double bond in the sterol side chain. An example reaction: 5,7,24(28)-ergostatrienol + O2 + NADPH = 5,7,22,24(28)-ergostatetraenol + 2 H2O + NADP+.
250 lanosterol synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene = lanosterol. This is a cyclization reaction that forms the sterol nucleus.
252 C-3 sterol dehydrogenase (C-4 sterol decarboxylase) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-beta-hydroxy-4-beta-methyl-5-alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-4-alpha-carboxylate + NAD(P)+ = 4-alpha-methyl-5-alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3-one + CO2 + NAD(P)H.
253 3-keto sterol reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-beta-hydroxyl sterol + NADP+ = a 3-keto sterol + NADPH + H(+).
254 C-4 methylsterol oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4,4-dimethyl-5-alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3-beta-ol + NAD(P)H + H(+) + O2 = 4-beta-hydroxymethyl-4-alpha-methyl-5-alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3-beta-ol + NAD(P)+ + H2O.
255 allantoin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving allantoin, (2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)urea, an intermediate or end product of purine catabolism.
256 allantoin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of allantoin, (2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)urea.
257 nitrilase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a nitrile + H2O = a carboxylate + NH3. Acts on a wide range of aromatic nitriles including (indole-3-yl)-acetonitrile and some aliphatic nitriles, and on the corresponding acid amides.
262 mitochondrial chromosome C A chromosome found in the mitochondrion of a eukaryotic cell.
266 mitochondrial fission P The division of a mitochondrion within a cell to form two or more separate mitochondrial compartments.
268 peroxisome targeting sequence binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a peroxisomal targeting sequence, any of several sequences of amino acids within a protein that can act as a signal for the localization of the protein into the peroxisome.
269 toxin export channel activity F Enables the energy independent passage of toxins, sized less than 1000 Da, across a membrane towards the outside of the cell. The transmembrane portions of porins consist exclusively of beta-strands which form a beta-barrel. They are found in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, plastids and possibly acid-fast Gram-positive bacteria.
270 peptidoglycan metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving peptidoglycans, any of a class of glycoconjugates found only in bacterial cell walls and consisting of strands of glycosaminoglycan cross-linked by oligopeptides to form a huge and rigid network.
271 polysaccharide biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically.
272 polysaccharide catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically.
274 mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase, stator stalk C One of two stalks that connect the catalytic core of the hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase to the mitochondrial membrane-associated F0 proteins; is thought to prevent futile rotation of the catalytic core.
275 mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, catalytic core F(1) C The catalytic sector of the mitochondrial hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase; it comprises the catalytic core and central stalk, and is peripherally associated with the mitochondrial inner membrane when the entire ATP synthase is assembled.
276 mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, coupling factor F(o) C All non-F1 subunits of the mitochondrial hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, including integral and peripheral mitochondrial inner membrane proteins.
277 [cytochrome c]-lysine N-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytochrome c L-lysine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + cytochrome c N6-methyl-L-lysine. This is the addition of a methyl group to the N6 atom of a lysine residue in cytochrome c.
278 mitotic cell cycle P Progression through the phases of the mitotic cell cycle, the most common eukaryotic cell cycle, which canonically comprises four successive phases called G1, S, G2, and M and includes replication of the genome and the subsequent segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells. In some variant cell cycles nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division, or G1 and G2 phases may be absent.
279 M phase P A cell cycle phase during which nuclear division occurs, and which is comprises the phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.
280 nuclear division P The division of a cell nucleus into two nuclei, with DNA and other nuclear contents distributed between the daughter nuclei.
281 mitotic cytokinesis P A cell cycle process that results in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell after mitosis, resulting in the separation of the original cell into two daughter cells.
282 cellular bud site selection P The specification of the site where a daughter cell will form, in organisms that reproduce by budding. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
285 1-phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate 5-kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate + ATP = a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).
286 alanine dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanine + H2O + NAD+ = pyruvate + NH3 + NADH + H(+).
287 magnesium ion binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with magnesium (Mg) ions.
288 nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay P A major pathway of degradation of nuclear-transcribed mRNAs that proceeds through a series of ordered steps that includes poly(A) tail shortening and that can regulate mRNA stability.
289 nuclear-transcribed mRNA poly(A) tail shortening P Shortening of the poly(A) tail of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA from full length to an oligo(A) length.
290 deadenylation-dependent decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA P Cleavage of the 5'-cap of a nuclear mRNA triggered by shortening of the poly(A) tail to below a minimum functional length.
291 nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, exonucleolytic P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that occurs when the ends are not protected by the 5'-cap or the 3'-poly(A) tail.
292 RNA fragment catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a fragment of RNA, such as excised introns or sequences removed from ribosomal RNA during processing.
293 ferric-chelate reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 Fe2+ + NAD+ = 2 Fe3+ + NADH + H(+).
294 nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, endonucleolytic cleavage-dependent decay P A minor degradation pathway nuclear-transcribed mRNAs that begins with an endonucleolytic cleavage to generate unprotected ends.
295 adenine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of adenine nucleotides (AMP, ADP, and ATP) from one side of the membrane to the other.
296 spermine transport P The directed movement of spermine, N,N-bis(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane, a polyamine formed by the transfer of a propylamine group from decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine to spermidine, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
297 spermine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of spermine from one side of the membrane to the other. Spermine is a polybasic amine found in human sperm, in ribosomes and in some viruses, which is involved in nucleic acid packaging. Synthesis is regulated by ornithine decarboxylase which plays a key role in control of DNA replication.
298 endopolyphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: polyphosphate + n H2O = (n+1) oligophosphate. The product contains 4 or 5 phosphate residues.
301 retrograde transport, vesicle recycling within Golgi P The retrograde movement of substances within the Golgi, mediated by COP I vesicles. Cis-Golgi vesicles are constantly moving forward through the Golgi stack by cisternal progression, eventually becoming trans-Golgi vesicles. They then selectively transport membrane and luminal proteins from the trans- to the medial-Golgi while leaving others behind in the trans-Golgi cisternae; similarly, they selectively move proteins from the medial- to the cis-Golgi.
302 response to reactive oxygen species P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a reactive oxygen species stimulus. Reactive oxygen species include singlet oxygen, superoxide, and oxygen free radicals.
303 response to superoxide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a superoxide stimulus. Superoxide is the anion, oxygen-, formed by addition of one electron to dioxygen (O2) or any compound containing the superoxide anion.
304 response to singlet oxygen P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a singlet oxygen stimulus. Singlet oxygen is a dioxygen (O2) molecule in which two 2p electrons have similar spin. Singlet oxygen is more highly reactive than the form in which these electrons are of opposite spin, and it is produced in mutant chloroplasts lacking carotenoids and by leukocytes during metabolic burst.
305 response to oxygen radical P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oxygen radical stimulus. An oxygen radical is any oxygen species that carries a free electron; examples include hydroxyl radicals and the superoxide anion.
306 extrinsic component of vacuolar membrane C The component of a vacuolar membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
307 cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex C Cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs) are enzyme complexes that contain a kinase catalytic subunit associated with a regulatory cyclin partner.
308 cytoplasmic cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex C Cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) complex found in the cytoplasm.
309 nicotinamide-nucleotide adenylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + nicotinamide nucleotide = diphosphate + NAD+.
310 xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + xanthine = (9-D-ribosylxanthine)-5'-phosphate + diphosphate.
311 plastid large ribosomal subunit C The larger of the two subunits of a plastid ribosome. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation: the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site).
312 plastid small ribosomal subunit C The smaller of the two subunits of a plastid ribosome.
313 organellar ribosome C A ribosome contained within a subcellular membrane-bounded organelle.
314 organellar small ribosomal subunit C The smaller of the two subunits of an organellar ribosome.
315 organellar large ribosomal subunit C The larger of the two subunits of an organellar ribosome. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation: the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site).
316 sulfite transport P The directed movement of sulfite into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
319 sulfite transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of sulfite ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
320 re-entry into mitotic cell cycle P The resumption of the mitotic cell division cycle by cells that were in a quiescent or other non-dividing state.
321 re-entry into mitotic cell cycle after pheromone arrest P The resumption of the mitotic cell division cycle by pheromone-arrested cells that have not mated. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
322 storage vacuole C A vacuole that functions primarily in the storage of materials, including nutrients, pigments, waste products, and small molecules.
323 lytic vacuole C A vacuole that is maintained at an acidic pH and which contains degradative enzymes, including a wide variety of acid hydrolases.
324 fungal-type vacuole C A vacuole that has both lytic and storage functions. The fungal vacuole is a large, membrane-bounded organelle that functions as a reservoir for the storage of small molecules (including polyphosphate, amino acids, several divalent cations (e.g. calcium), other ions, and other small molecules) as well as being the primary compartment for degradation. It is an acidic compartment, containing an ensemble of acid hydrolases. At least in S. cerevisiae, there are indications that the morphology of the vacuole is variable and correlated with the cell cycle, with logarithmically growing cells having a multilobed, reticulated vacuole, while stationary phase cells contain a single large structure.
325 plant-type vacuole C A closed structure that is completely surrounded by a unit membrane, contains liquid, and retains the same shape regardless of cell cycle phase. An example of this structure is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
326 protein storage vacuole C A storage vacuole that contains a lytic vacuole; identified in plants.
327 lytic vacuole within protein storage vacuole C A membrane-bounded compartment containing crystals of phytic acid and proteins characteristic of a lytic vacuole, found within a storage vacuole.
328 fungal-type vacuole lumen C The volume enclosed within the vacuolar membrane of a vacuole, the shape of which correlates with cell cycle phase. An example of this structure is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
329 fungal-type vacuole membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a vacuole, the shape of which correlates with cell cycle phase. The membrane separates its contents from the cytoplasm of the cell. An example of this structure is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
330 plant-type vacuole lumen C The volume enclosed within the vacuolar membrane of a vacuole that retains the same shape regardless of cell cycle phase. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
331 contractile vacuole C A specialized vacuole of eukaryotic cells, especially Protozoa, that fills with water from the cytoplasm and then discharges this externally by the opening of contractile vacuole pores. Its function is probably osmoregulatory.
332 template for synthesis of G-rich strand of telomere DNA activity F Provision of the template used by reverse transcriptase to synthesize the G-rich strand of telomeric DNA.
333 telomerase catalytic core complex C The minimal catalytic core of telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein complex composed of a catalytic reverse transcriptase subunit and an RNA subunit that provides the template for telomeric DNA addition.
334 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxyanthranilate + O(2) = cis,cis-2-amino-3-(3-oxoprop-1-enyl)but-2-enedioate + H(+).
335 negative regulation of transposition, DNA-mediated P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA transposition.
336 positive regulation of transposition, DNA-mediated P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA transposition.
337 regulation of transposition, DNA-mediated P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA transposition, the process of transposing (moving to a different location) a segment of a chromosome or a piece of a DNA molecule.
338 protein deneddylation P The removal of a ubiquitin-like protein of the NEDD8 type from a protein.
339 RNA cap binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a 7-methylguanosine (m7G) group or derivative located at the 5' end of an RNA molecule.
340 RNA 7-methylguanosine cap binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the 7-methylguanosine group added cotranscriptionally to the 5' end of RNA molecules transcribed by polymerase II.
341 RNA trimethylguanosine cap binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the trimethylguanosine (m(3)(2,2,7)-GTP) group located at the 5' end of some RNA molecules. Such trimethylated cap structures, generally produced by posttranscriptional modification of a 7-methylguanosine cap, are often found on snRNAs and snoRNAs transcribed by RNA polymerase II, but have also be found on snRNAs transcribed by RNA polymerase III. They have also been found on a subset of the mRNA population in some species, e.g. C. elegans.
342 RNA cap 4 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a hypermethylated cap structure consisting of 7-methylguanosine (m(7)G) followed by four methylated nucleotides (cap 4): 7-methylguanosine-ppp-N6, N6, 2'-O-trimethyladenosine-p-2'-O-methyladenosine-p-2'-O-methylcytosine-p-N3, 2'-O-dimethyluridine Such caps are known to be found at the 5' ends of SL RNAs of trypanosomatid protozoa.
343 plastid-encoded plastid RNA polymerase complex A C A plastid-encoded DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex that resembles eubacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases, with a core composed of alpha, beta, and beta-prime subunits. An additional subunit, a sigma factor, is required for promoter recognition. PEP-A is generated from the PEP-B form during chloroplast maturation to generate a complex composed of at least thirteen polypeptides that is not sensitive to the antibiotic rifampicin, like its precursor form the PEP-B complex.
344 plastid-encoded plastid RNA polymerase complex B C A plastid-encoded DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex that resembles eubacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases with a core composed of alpha, beta, and beta-prime subunits. An additional subunit, a sigma factor, is required for promoter recognition. PEP-B is distinguished from PEP-A by its sensitivity to the antibiotic rifampicin. PEP-B is found in both etioplasts and chloroplasts, but is the predominate form in etioplasts. It forms the core of the PEP-A form; the conversion from PEP-B to PEP-A occurs during chloroplast maturation.
345 cytosolic DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex C The eubacterial DNA-directed RNA polymerase is a multisubunit complex with a core composed of the essential subunits beta-prime, beta, and two copies of alpha and a fifth nonessential subunit called omega. An additional subunit, a sigma factor, is required for promoter recognition and specificity.
346 transcription export complex C The transcription export (TREX) complex couples transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II to mRNA export. The complex associates with the polymerase and travels with it along the length of the transcribed gene. TREX is composed of the THO transcription elongation complex as well as other proteins that couple THO to mRNA export proteins. The TREX complex is known to be found in a wide range of eukaryotes, including S. cerevisiae and metazoans.
347 THO complex C The THO complex is a nuclear complex that is required for transcription elongation through genes containing tandemly repeated DNA sequences. The THO complex is also part of the TREX (TRanscription EXport) complex that is involved in coupling transcription to export of mRNAs to the cytoplasm. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of four subunits: Hpr1p, Tho2p, Thp1p, and Mft1p, while the human complex is composed of 7 subunits.
348 mRNA branch site recognition P Recognition of the pre-mRNA branch site sequence by components of the assembling spliceosome.
349 generation of catalytic spliceosome for first transesterification step P Formation of a catalytic spliceosome complex ready to perform the first splicing reaction. This occurs by an ATP-dependent conformational change of the pre-catalytic spliceosome.
350 generation of catalytic spliceosome for second transesterification step P Conformational rearrangement of the spliceosomal complex containing the RNA products from the 1st step of splicing to form the catalytic site for the second step of splicing.
352 trans assembly of SL-containing precatalytic spliceosome P Assembly of a spliceosomal complex containing the SL RNA and the pre-mRNA to be joined, as well as all the spliceosomal snRNPs involved in trans leader splicing. Formation of the trans leader spliceosome brings together the quadruple SL/U4/U5/U6 snRNP and the complex of the U2 snRNP with the splice site of the pre-mRNA.
353 formation of quadruple SL/U4/U5/U6 snRNP P Formation of a quadruple snRNP complex composed of the spliced leader (SL) RNA along with the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex. Interactions that may facilitate this include a duplex between the SL and U6 RNAs and interactions between the U5 RNA and the exon sequence at the 5' splice site within the SL RNA.
354 cis assembly of pre-catalytic spliceosome P Assembly of a spliceosomal complex containing the intact pre-mRNA and all of the spliceosomal snRNPs. This occurs when the tri-snRNP associates with the pre-mRNA and associated snRNPs in an ATP-dependent manner.
365 mRNA trans splicing, via spliceosome P The joining together of exons from two different primary transcripts of messenger RNA (mRNA) via a spliceosomal mechanism, so that mRNA consisting only of the joined exons is produced.
366 intergenic mRNA trans splicing P The joining together of two independently transcribed RNAs from two different genes, each of which also produces mRNA(s) via cis-splicing.
372 Group I intron splicing P The splicing of Group I introns. This occurs by a ribozymic mechanism where the intron sequence forms a distinct 3D structure, characteristic of Group I introns and involved in determining the locations of the splice sites (there do not appear to be consensus splice site sequences) as well as having a role in catalyzing the splicing reactions, though protein factors are also required in vivo. Splicing occurs by a series of two transesterification reactions, generally with exogenous guanosine as the initiating nucleophile. The intron is excised as a linear piece (though it may subsequently circularize).
373 Group II intron splicing P The splicing of Group II introns. This occurs by a ribozymic mechanism where the intron sequence forms a distinct 3D structure, characteristic of Group II introns and containing splice site consensus sequences, that is involved in catalyzing the splicing reactions, though protein factors are also required in vivo. Splicing occurs by a series of two transesterification reactions (mechanistically similar to those for splicing of nuclear mRNAs) initiated by a bulged adenosine residue within the intron sequence as the initiating nucleophile. The intron is excised as a lariat.
374 Group III intron splicing P The splicing of Group III introns. This occurs by a ribozymic mechanism where the intron sequence forms a distinct 3D structure, characteristic of Group III introns, that is involved in catalyzing the splicing reactions, though protein factors are also required in vivo. Splicing occurs by a series of two transesterification reactions begun by a bulged adenosine residue within the intron sequence as the initiating nucleophile. The intron is excised as a lariat. Though very similar in structure and mechanism to Group II introns, Group III introns are smaller and more streamlined and the splice site consensus sequences are not as well conserved.
375 RNA splicing, via transesterification reactions P Splicing of RNA via a series of two transesterification reactions.
376 RNA splicing, via transesterification reactions with guanosine as nucleophile P Splicing of RNA via a series of two transesterification reactions with exogenous guanosine as the initiating nucleophile.
377 RNA splicing, via transesterification reactions with bulged adenosine as nucleophile P Splicing of RNA via a series of two transesterification reactions with a bulged adenosine residue from the intron branch point as the initiating nucleophile. When the initial RNA for the splicing reaction is a single molecule (cis splicing), the excised intron is released in a lariat structure.
378 RNA exon ligation P The RNA metabolic process that joins two exons, each of which has free ends that were generated by endonucleolytic cleavages, by a ligation reaction.
379 tRNA-type intron splice site recognition and cleavage P RNA processing that begins when the tertiary structure of a tRNA type intron is recognized, and ends when the endonucleolytic cleavage of the RNA at both the 5' and 3' splice sites occurs.
380 alternative mRNA splicing, via spliceosome P The process of generating multiple mRNA molecules from a given set of exons by differential use of exons from the primary transcript(s) to form multiple mature mRNAs that vary in their exon composition.
381 regulation of alternative mRNA splicing, via spliceosome P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alternative splicing of nuclear mRNAs.
384 first spliceosomal transesterification activity F Catalysis of the first transesterification reaction of spliceosomal mRNA splicing. The intron branch site adenosine is the nucleophile attacking the 5' splice site, resulting in cleavage at this position. In cis splicing, this is the step that forms a lariat structure of the intron RNA, while it is still joined to the 3' exon.
386 second spliceosomal transesterification activity F Catalysis of the second transesterification reaction of spliceosomal mRNA splicing. Ligation of the two exons occurs via a transesterification reaction where the free 3'-hydroxyl group of the 5' exon is the nucleophile attacking the 3' splice site. Non-expressed sequences are now detached from the exons. In cis splicing, the intron is in a lariat structure.
387 spliceosomal snRNP assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of one or more snRNA and multiple protein components to form a ribonucleoprotein complex that is involved in formation of the spliceosome.
388 spliceosome conformational change to release U4 (or U4atac) and U1 (or U11) P Rearrangement of the pre-catalytic spliceosome containing U4 (or U4atac) and U1 (or U11) snRNPs to unpair U4 (or U4atac) from U6 (or U6atac) and release it from the spliceosomal complex along with U1 (or U11).
389 mRNA 3'-splice site recognition P Recognition of the intron 3'-splice site by components of the assembling U2- or U12-type spliceosome.
390 spliceosomal complex disassembly P Disassembly of a spliceosomal complex with the ATP-dependent release of the product RNAs, one of which is composed of the joined exons. In cis splicing, the other product is the excised sequence, often a single intron, in a lariat structure.
393 spliceosomal conformational changes to generate catalytic conformation P Structural rearrangements of the spliceosome complex, containing RNA to be spliced, to generate a catalytic conformation.
394 RNA splicing, via endonucleolytic cleavage and ligation P Splicing of RNA via recognition of the folded RNA structure that brings the 5' and 3' splice sites into proximity and cleavage of the RNA at both the 3' and 5' splice sites by an endonucleolytic mechanism, followed by ligation of the exons.
395 mRNA 5'-splice site recognition P Recognition of the intron 5'-splice site by components of the assembling spliceosome.
398 mRNA splicing, via spliceosome P The joining together of exons from one or more primary transcripts of messenger RNA (mRNA) and the excision of intron sequences, via a spliceosomal mechanism, so that mRNA consisting only of the joined exons is produced.
399 cellular bud neck septin structure C Any of a series of septin structures that are localized in the bud neck of a budding fungal cell during the cell cycle.
400 four-way junction DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA containing four-way junctions, also known as Holliday junctions, a structure where two DNA double strands are held together by reciprocal exchange of two of the four strands, one strand each from the two original helices.
401 open form four-way junction DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA containing the open form of a four-way junction, also known as a Holliday junction, a structure where two DNA double strands are held together by reciprocal exchange of two of the four strands, one strand each from the two original helices. The open form of a four-way junction can be diagrammed without any of the strands crossing over.
402 crossed form four-way junction DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA containing the crossed form of a four-way junction, also known as a Holliday junction, a structure where two DNA double strands are held together by reciprocal exchange of two of the four strands, one strand each from the two original helices. The crossed form of a four-way junction cannot be diagrammed without any of the strands crossing over, and instead contains a single crossover between two of the strands.
403 Y-form DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with segment of DNA shaped like a Y. This shape occurs when DNA contains a region of paired double-stranded DNA on one end and a region of unpaired DNA strands on the opposite end.
404 heteroduplex DNA loop binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA containing a loop. A loop occurs when DNA contains a large insertion or deletion that causes a region of unpaired single-stranded DNA to loop out, while the rest of the DNA is in a paired double-stranded configuration.
405 bubble DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA that contains a bubble. A bubble occurs when DNA contains a region of unpaired, single-stranded DNA flanked on both sides by regions of paired, double-stranded DNA.
406 double-strand/single-strand DNA junction binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a region of DNA that contains double-stranded DNA flanked by a region of single-stranded DNA.
407 pre-autophagosomal structure C A punctate structure localized in the vicinity of the vacuole that is required for the formation of autophagosomes.
408 EKC/KEOPS complex C A protein complex involved in t6A tRNA modification; originally proposed to be involved in transcription as well as promoting telomere uncapping and telomere elongation. For example, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae the complex contains Bud32p, Kae1p, Gon7p, Cgi121p, and Pcc1p.
409 regulation of transcription by galactose P Any process involving galactose that modulates the frequency, rate or extent or transcription.
410 negative regulation of transcription by galactose P Any process involving galactose that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of transcription.
411 positive regulation of transcription by galactose P Any process involving galactose that activates or increases the rate of transcription.
412 histone peptidyl-prolyl isomerization P The modification of a histone by cis-trans isomerization of a proline residue.
413 protein peptidyl-prolyl isomerization P The modification of a protein by cis-trans isomerization of a proline residue.
414 regulation of histone H3-K36 methylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 36 of histone H3.
415 negative regulation of histone H3-K36 methylation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 36 of histone H3.
416 positive regulation of histone H3-K36 methylation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 36 of histone H3.
417 HIR complex C A protein complex proposed to be involved in replication-independent nucleosome assembly, by promoting histone deposition onto DNA. For example, in Saccharomyces, the complex contains Hir1p, Hir2p, Hir3p, and Hpc2p.
418 DNA-directed RNA polymerase IV complex C RNA polymerase IV is a multisubunit RNA polymerase complex found in the nucleus of plants and involved in accumulation of siRNAs and in DNA methylation-dependent silencing of endogenous repeated sequences. Pol IV is composed of subunits that are paralogous or identical to the 12 subunits of Pol II. The largest and second-largest subunits of Pol IV are the catalytic subunits and share similarity with the corresponding subunits of other eukaryotic and bacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases. The second largest subunit is also found in RNA polymerase V, while the largest subunit is found only in RNAP IV complex.
419 DNA-directed RNA polymerase V complex C RNA polymerase V is a multisubunit RNA polymerase complex found in the nucleus of plants and involved in accumulation of siRNAs and in DNA methylation-dependent silencing of endogenous repeated sequences. Pol V is composed of subunits that are paralogous or identical to the 12 subunits of Pol II. Two large subunits comprise the most conserved portion including the catalytic site and share similarity with other eukaryotic and bacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases. The second largest subunit is also found in RNA polymerase IVa, while the largest subunit is found only in the IVa complex and contains an extended C-terminal domain (CTD) that includes multiple repeats of a 16 amino-acid consensus sequence as well as other sequences. The remainder of the complex is composed of smaller subunits.
421 autophagosome membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding an autophagosome, a double-membrane-bounded vesicle in which endogenous cellular material is sequestered.
422 mitophagy P The autophagic process in which mitochondria are delivered to the vacuole and degraded in response to changing cellular conditions.
423 macromitophagy P Degradation of a mitochondrion by macroautophagy.
424 microautophagy of mitochondrion P Degradation of a mitochondrion by lysosomal microautophagy.
425 macropexophagy P Degradation of a peroxisome by macroautophagy.
426 micropexophagy P Degradation of a peroxisome by lysosomal microautophagy.
427 plastid-encoded plastid RNA polymerase complex C An RNA polymerase complex containing polypeptides encoded by the plastid genome. Plastid-encoded DNA-directed RNA polymerases resemble eubacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases, with a core composed of alpha, beta, and beta-prime subunits. Some forms contain multiple additional subunits. An additional sigma factor subunit is required for promoter recognition.
428 DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex C A protein complex that possesses DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity.
429 carbon catabolite regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P A transcription regulation process in which the presence of one carbon source leads to the modulation of the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription, from an RNA polymerase II promoter, of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources.
430 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose P Any process involving glucose that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
431 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by galactose P Any process involving galactose that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
432 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose P Any process involving glucose that activates or increases the rate of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
433 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose P Any process involving glucose that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
434 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by galactose P Any process involving galactose that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
435 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by galactose P Any process involving galactose that activates or increases the rate of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
436 carbon catabolite activation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process involving carbon catabolites that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
437 carbon catabolite repression of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P A transcription regulation process in which the presence of one carbon source leads to a decrease in the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription, from an RNA polymerase II promoter, of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources.
438 core TFIIH complex portion of holo TFIIH complex C The core TFIIH complex when it is part of the general transcription factor TFIIH.
439 core TFIIH complex C The 7 subunit core of TFIIH that is a part of either the general transcription factor holo-TFIIH or the nucleotide-excision repair factor 3 complex. In S. cerevisiae/humans the complex is composed of: Ssl2/XPB, Tfb1/p62, Tfb2/p52, Ssl1/p44, Tfb4/p34, Tfb5/p8 and Rad3/XPD.
440 core TFIIH complex portion of NEF3 complex C The core TFIIH complex when it is part of the nucleotide-excision repair factor 3 (NEF3).
444 MIS12/MIND type complex C A multiprotein kinetochore subcomplex that binds to centromeric chromatin and forms part of the inner kinetochore. It helps to recruit outer kinetochore subunits that will bind to microtubules. In humans, it consists of MIS12, DSN1, NSL1 and PMF1.
445 THO complex part of transcription export complex C The THO complex when it is part of the TREX (TRanscription EXport) complex that is involved in coupling transcription to export of mRNAs to the cytoplasm. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of four subunits: Hpr1, Tho2, Thp1, and Mft1, while the human complex is composed of 7 subunits.
446 nucleoplasmic THO complex C The THO complex when it is acting as a nuclear complex that is required for transcription elongation through genes containing tandemly repeated DNA sequences. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of four subunits: Hpr1, Tho2, Thp2, and Mft1, while the human complex is composed of 7 subunits.
447 endonucleolytic cleavage in ITS1 to separate SSU-rRNA from 5.8S rRNA and LSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA) P Endonucleolytic cleavage between the SSU-rRNA and the 5.8S rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
448 cleavage in ITS2 between 5.8S rRNA and LSU-rRNA of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA) P Endonucleolytic cleavage within ITS2 between the 5.8S rRNA and the LSU-rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
449 endonucleolytic cleavage of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 5S) P Endonucleolytic cleavage of a pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA, and the 5S rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. For example, primary ribosomal RNA transcripts containing three genes, in this order, are produced in E. coli and other prokaryotic species. Note that the use of the word tricistronic refers only to the number of mature rRNA molecules which will be produced from the primary transcript and ignores tRNAs that may also be present within the primary transcript.
450 cleavage of bicistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA) P Endonucleolytic cleavage of pre-rRNAs originally produced as a bicistronic rRNA transcript that contains the SSU-rRNA and the LSU-rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Primary ribosomal RNA transcripts with two genes in this order are produced in Archaeal species.
451 rRNA 2'-O-methylation P The addition of a methyl group to the 2'-oxygen atom of a nucleotide residue in an rRNA molecule during ribosome biogenesis.
452 snoRNA guided rRNA 2'-O-methylation P The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to the 2'-oxygen atom of nucleotide residues in an rRNA molecule during ribosome biogenesis using a snoRNA guide that targets the position of methylation.
453 enzyme-directed rRNA 2'-O-methylation P The addition of methyl groups to the 2'-oxygen atom of nucleotide residues in an rRNA molecule during ribosome biogenesis where the methylase specifies the site that becomes methylated without using a guide RNA.
454 snoRNA guided rRNA pseudouridine synthesis P The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in an rRNA molecule during ribosome biogenesis using a snoRNA guide that targets the position of pseudouridylation.
455 enzyme-directed rRNA pseudouridine synthesis P The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine during ribosome biogenesis where the enzyme specifies the site that becomes pseudouridylated without using a guide RNA.
456 dimethylation involved in SSU-rRNA maturation P Dimethylation of the N6 amino groups of two consecutive adenosine residues near the 3'-end of the SSU rRNA. This process has been conserved from bacteria to eukaryotes.
457 endonucleolytic cleavage between SSU-rRNA and LSU-rRNA of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 5S) P Endonucleolytic cleavage to separate a pre-SSU-rRNA from a pre-LSU-rRNA originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA, and the 5S rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Note that the use of the word tricistronic refers only to the number of mature rRNA molecules which will be produced from the primary transcript and ignores tRNAs that may also be present within the primary transcript.
458 endonucleolytic cleavage between LSU-rRNA and 5S rRNA of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 5S) P Endonucleolytic cleavage to separate a pre-LSU-rRNA from a pre-5S rRNA originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA, and the 5S rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Note that the use of the word tricistronic refers only to the number of mature rRNA molecules which will be produced from the primary transcript and ignores tRNAs that may also be present within the primary transcript.
459 exonucleolytic trimming involved in rRNA processing P Exonucleolytic digestion of a pre-rRNA molecule in the process to generate a mature rRNA molecule.
460 maturation of 5.8S rRNA P Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 5.8S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 5.8S rRNA molecule.
461 endonucleolytic cleavage to generate mature 3'-end of SSU-rRNA from (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA) P Endonucleolytic cleavage at the 3'-end of the SSU-rRNA from an originally tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript, to produce the mature end of the SSU-rRNA.
462 maturation of SSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA) P Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Small SubUnit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature SSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
463 maturation of LSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA) P Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Large SubUnit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature LSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, and Large Subunit (LSU) in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
464 endonucleolytic cleavage in ITS1 upstream of 5.8S rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA) P Endonucleolytic cleavage within Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS1) upstream of the 5.8S rRNA derived from an originally tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. In S. cerevisiae, this endonucleolytic cleavage within ITS1 initiates the maturation of the LSU and the 5.8S rRNAs.
465 exonucleolytic trimming to generate mature 5'-end of 5.8S rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA) P Exonucleolytic digestion of a pre-rRNA molecule to generate the mature 5'-end of a 5.8S rRNA molecule derived from an originally tricistronic pre-rRNA transcript that contained the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
466 maturation of 5.8S rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA) P Any process involved in the maturation of an rRNA molecule originally produced as part of a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
467 exonucleolytic trimming to generate mature 3'-end of 5.8S rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA) P Exonucleolytic digestion of a pre-rRNA molecule to generate the mature 3'-end of a 5.8S rRNA molecule derived from an originally tricistronic pre-rRNA transcript that contained the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
468 generation of mature 3'-end of LSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA) P Any process involved in generating the mature 3'-end of an LSU-rRNA derived from a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
469 cleavage involved in rRNA processing P Any phosphodiester bond hydrolysis involved in the conversion of a primary ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcript into a mature rRNA molecule.
470 maturation of LSU-rRNA P Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Large SubUnit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature LSU-rRNA molecule.
471 endonucleolytic cleavage in 3'-ETS of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA) P Endonucleolytic cleavage within the 3'-External Transcribed Spacer (ETS) of a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. In S. cerevisiae, endonucleolytic cleavage within the 3'-ETS of the pre-RNA, which may occur cotranscriptionally, is the first step in rRNA processing, and initiates a cascade of subsequent processing and modification events.
472 endonucleolytic cleavage to generate mature 5'-end of SSU-rRNA from (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA) P Endonucleolytic cleavage between the 5'-External Transcribed Spacer (5'-ETS) and the 5' end of the SSU-rRNA of a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript, to produce the mature end of the SSU-rRNA.
473 maturation of LSU-rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, LSU-rRNA) P Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Large SubUnit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature LSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, 5.8 S rRNA, 2S rRNA, and Large Subunit (LSU) in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
474 maturation of SSU-rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, LSU-rRNA) P Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Small SubUnit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature SSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, 5.8 S rRNA, 2S rRNA, and Large Subunit (LSU) in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
475 maturation of 2S rRNA P Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 2S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 2S rRNA molecule.
476 maturation of 4.5S rRNA P Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 4.5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 4.5S rRNA molecule.
477 generation of mature 5'-end of LSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA) P Cleavage within ITS2 to generate the mature 5'-end of an LSU-rRNA derived from a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
478 endonucleolytic cleavage involved in rRNA processing P Any endonucleolytic cleavage involved in the conversion of a primary ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcript into a mature rRNA molecule. Some endonucleolytic cleavages produce the mature end, while others are a step in the process of generating the mature end from the pre-rRNA.
479 endonucleolytic cleavage of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA) P Endonucleolytic cleavage of a pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Primary ribosomal RNA transcripts with three genes, in this order, are produced in the nuclei of many eukaryotic species, including S. cerevisiae.
480 endonucleolytic cleavage in 5'-ETS of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA) P Endonucleolytic cleavage within the 5'-External Transcribed Spacer (ETS) of a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Endonucleolytic cleavage within the 5'-ETS of the pre-RNA is conserved as one of the early steps of rRNA processing in all eukaryotes, but the specific position of cleavage is variable.
481 maturation of 5S rRNA P Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 5S rRNA molecule.
482 maturation of 5S rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA) P Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 5S rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
483 endonucleolytic cleavage of tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, LSU-rRNA) P Endonucleolytic cleavage of a pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Primary ribosomal RNA transcripts with four genes, in this order, are produced in the nuclei of D. melanogaster as well as in those of other dipteran species.
484 cleavage between SSU-rRNA and 5.8S rRNA of tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, LSU-rRNA) P Endonucleolytic cleavage between the SSU-rRNA and the 5.8S rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
485 cleavage between 2S rRNA and LSU-rRNA of tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, LSU-rRNA) P Endonucleolytic cleavage between the LSU-rRNA and the 2S rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
486 cleavage between 5.8S rRNA and 2S rRNA of tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, LSU-rRNA) P Endonucleolytic cleavage between the 5.8S rRNA and the 2S rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
487 maturation of 5.8S rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, LSU-rRNA) P Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 5.8S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 5.8S rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 8.8S rRNA, the 2S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
488 maturation of LSU-rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 4.5S-rRNA, 5S-rRNA) P Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Large SubUnit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature LSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
489 maturation of SSU-rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 4.5S-rRNA, 5S-rRNA) P Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Small SubUnit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature SSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
491 small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and a snoRNA to form a small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (snoRNP) complex.
492 box C/D snoRNP assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and a box C/D snoRNA to form a box C/D small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (snoRNP) complex.
493 box H/ACA snoRNP assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and a box H/ACA snoRNA to form a box H/ACA small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (snoRNP) complex.
494 box C/D snoRNA 3'-end processing P Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a box C/D snoRNA molecule.
495 box H/ACA snoRNA 3'-end processing P Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a box H/ACA snoRNA molecule.
496 base pairing F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with nucleic acid via hydrogen bonds between the bases of a gene product molecule and the bases of a target nucleic acid molecule.
497 base pairing with DNA F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with nucleic acid via hydrogen bonds between the bases of a gene product molecule and the bases of a target DNA molecule.
498 base pairing with RNA F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ribonucleic acid (RNA) via hydrogen bonds between the bases of a gene product molecule and the bases of a target RNA molecule.
499 base pairing with mRNA F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) via hydrogen bonds between the bases of a gene product molecule and the bases of a target mRNA molecule.
500 RNA polymerase I upstream activating factor complex C A complex required for the transcription of rDNA by RNA polymerase I. In yeast the complex consists of Rrrn5p, Rrn9p, Rrn10p, histones H3 and H4, and Uaf30p.
501 flocculation via cell wall protein-carbohydrate interaction P The reversible, non-sexual aggregation of cells mediated by the binding of proteins in the cell wall of one cell to carbohydrates in the cell wall of another cell. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in which it is pH- and calcium-dependent.
502 proteasome complex C A large multisubunit complex which catalyzes protein degradation, found in eukaryotes, archaea and some bacteria. In eukaryotes, this complex consists of the barrel shaped proteasome core complex and one or two associated proteins or complexes that act in regulating entry into or exit from the core.
506 glycosylphosphatidylinositol-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (GPI-GnT) complex C An enzyme complex that catalyzes the transfer of GlcNAc from UDP-GlcNAc to an acceptor phosphatidylinositol, the first step in the production of GPI anchors for cell surface proteins. The complex contains PIG-A, PIG-C, PIG-H, PIG-Q, PIG-P, and DPM2 in human, and Eri1p, Gpi1p, Gpi2p, Gpi15p, Gpi19p, and Spt14p in budding yeast.
578 embryonic axis specification P The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of a pattern along a line or a point in an embryo.
700 mismatch base pair DNA N-glycosylase activity F Catalysis of the removal of single bases present in mismatches by the cleavage the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction releases a free base and leaves an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site.
701 purine-specific mismatch base pair DNA N-glycosylase activity F Catalysis of the removal of purines present in mismatches, especially opposite oxidized purines, by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction releases a free base and leaves an apurinic (AP) site.
702 oxidized base lesion DNA N-glycosylase activity F Catalysis of the removal of oxidized bases by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction releases a free base and leaves an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site.
703 oxidized pyrimidine nucleobase lesion DNA N-glycosylase activity F Catalysis of the removal oxidized pyrimidine bases by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the oxidized pyrimidine and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction involves formation of a covalent enzyme-pyrimidine base intermediate. Release of the enzyme and free base by a beta-elimination or a beta, gamma-elimination mechanism results in the cleavage of the DNA backbone 3' of the apyrimidinic (AP) site.
704 pyrimidine dimer DNA N-glycosylase activity F Catalysis of the removal of pyrimidine dimers by removing the 5' pyrimidine of the dimer by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the 5' pyrimidine of the dimer and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction releases the 5' pyrimidine of the dimer and leaves an apurinic (AP) site. The reaction involves the formation of a covalent enzyme substrate intermediate. Release of the enzyme and free base by a beta-elimination or a beta, gamma-elimination mechanism results in the cleavage of the DNA backbone 3' of the apyrimidinic (AP) site.
705 achiasmate meiosis I P The first division of meiosis in which homologous chromosomes are paired and segregated from each other, occurring in the constitutive absence of chiasmata.
706 meiotic DNA double-strand break processing P The cell cycle process in which the 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang occurs. This takes place during meiosis.
707 meiotic DNA recombinase assembly P During meiosis, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) to form higher order oligomers on single-stranded DNA.
708 meiotic strand invasion P The cell cycle process in which the nucleoprotein complex (composed of the broken single-strand DNA and the recombinase) searches and identifies a region of homology in intact duplex DNA. The broken single-strand DNA displaces the like strand and forms Watson-Crick base pairs with its complement, forming a duplex in which each strand is from one of the two recombining DNA molecules. This occurs during meiosis.
709 meiotic joint molecule formation P The conversion of the paired broken DNA and homologous duplex DNA into a four-stranded branched intermediate, known as a joint molecule, formed during meiotic recombination. These joint molecules contain Holliday junctions on either side of heteroduplex DNA.
710 meiotic mismatch repair P A system for the identification and correction of base-base mismatches, small insertion-deletion loops, and regions of heterology that are present in duplex DNA formed with strands from two recombining molecules. Correction of the mismatch can result in non-Mendelian segregation of alleles following meiosis.
711 meiotic DNA repair synthesis P During meiosis, the synthesis of DNA proceeding from the broken 3' single-strand DNA end that uses the homologous intact duplex as the template.
712 resolution of meiotic recombination intermediates P The cleavage and rejoining of intermediates, such as Holliday junctions, formed during meiotic recombination to produce two intact molecules in which genetic material has been exchanged.
713 meiotic heteroduplex formation P During meiosis, the formation of a stable duplex DNA that contains one strand from each of the two recombining DNA molecules.
714 meiotic strand displacement P The cell cycle process in which the broken 3' single-strand DNA molecule that formed heteroduplex DNA with its complement in an intact duplex DNA is rejected. The Watson-Crick base pairing in the original duplex is restored. The rejected 3' single-strand DNA molecule reanneals with its original complement to reform two intact duplex molecules. This occurs during meiosis.
715 nucleotide-excision repair, DNA damage recognition P The identification of lesions in DNA, such as pyrimidine-dimers, intrastrand cross-links, and bulky adducts. The wide range of substrate specificity suggests the repair complex recognizes distortions in the DNA helix.
716 transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair, DNA damage recognition P The identification of lesions on the actively transcribed strand of the DNA duplex as well as a small subset of lesions not recognized by the general nucleotide-excision repair pathway.
717 nucleotide-excision repair, DNA duplex unwinding P The unwinding, or local denaturation, of the DNA duplex to create a bubble around the site of the DNA damage.
718 nucleotide-excision repair, DNA damage removal P The removal of the oligonucleotide that contains the DNA damage. The oligonucleotide is formed by dual incisions that flank the site of DNA damage.
719 photoreactive repair P The repair of UV-induced T-T, C-T and C-C dimers by directly reversing the damage to restore the original pyrimidines.
720 pyrimidine dimer repair by nucleotide-excision repair P The repair of UV-induced T-T, C-T, and C-C dimers by the recognition and removal of the damaged DNA strand from the DNA helix as an oligonucleotide. The small gap left in the DNA helix is filled in by the sequential action of DNA polymerase and DNA ligase.
721 (R,R)-butanediol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reversible reaction: (R,R)-butane-2,3-diol + NAD+ = (R)-acetoin + NADH + H(+).
722 telomere maintenance via recombination P Any recombinational process that contributes to the maintenance of proper telomeric length.
723 telomere maintenance P Any process that contributes to the maintenance of proper telomeric length and structure by affecting and monitoring the activity of telomeric proteins, the length of telomeric DNA and the replication and repair of the DNA. These processes includes those that shorten, lengthen, replicate and repair the telomeric DNA sequences.
724 double-strand break repair via homologous recombination P The error-free repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the broken DNA molecule is repaired using homologous sequences. A strand in the broken DNA searches for a homologous region in an intact chromosome to serve as the template for DNA synthesis. The restoration of two intact DNA molecules results in the exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between the intact DNA molecule and the broken DNA molecule.
725 recombinational repair P A DNA repair process that involves the exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between the broken DNA molecule and a homologous region of DNA.
726 non-recombinational repair P A DNA repair process in which that does not require the exchange of genetic material between the broken DNA molecule and a homologous region of DNA.
727 double-strand break repair via break-induced replication P The error-free repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the centromere-proximal end of a broken chromosome searches for a homologous region in an intact chromosome. DNA synthesis initiates from the 3' end of the invading DNA strand, using the intact chromosome as the template, and progresses to the end of the chromosome.
728 gene conversion at mating-type locus, DNA double-strand break formation P The site-specific endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA at the mating-type locus which initiates the conversion of one mating-type allele to another.
729 DNA double-strand break processing P The 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang.
730 DNA recombinase assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) into higher order oligomers on single-stranded DNA.
731 DNA synthesis involved in DNA repair P Synthesis of DNA that proceeds from the broken 3' single-strand DNA end and uses the homologous intact duplex as the template.
732 strand displacement P The rejection of the broken 3' single-strand DNA molecule that formed heteroduplex DNA with its complement in an intact duplex DNA. The Watson-Crick base pairing in the original duplex is restored. The rejected 3' single-strand DNA molecule reanneals with its original complement to reform two intact duplex molecules.
733 DNA strand renaturation P The identification and annealing of complementary base pairs in single-strand DNA.
734 gene conversion at mating-type locus, DNA repair synthesis P Synthesis of DNA that proceeds from the broken 3' single-strand DNA end uses the homologous intact duplex as the template during gene conversion at the mating-type locus.
735 removal of nonhomologous ends P The removal of nonhomologous sequences at the broken 3' single-strand DNA end before DNA repair synthesis can occur.
736 double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing, removal of nonhomologous ends P During DSBR via single-strand annealing, the removal of nonhomologous sequences at the broken 3' single-strand DNA end before DNA repair synthesis can occur.
737 DNA catabolic process, endonucleolytic P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of DNA, involving the hydrolysis of internal 3',5'-phosphodiester bonds in one or two strands of deoxyribonucleotides.
738 DNA catabolic process, exonucleolytic P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of DNA, involving the hydrolysis of terminal 3',5'-phosphodiester bonds in one or two strands of deoxyribonucleotides.
740 nuclear membrane fusion P The joining of 2 or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround the nucleus.
741 karyogamy P The creation of a single nucleus from multiple nuclei as a result of fusing the lipid bilayers that surround each nuclei.
742 karyogamy involved in conjugation with cellular fusion P During sexual reproduction, the creation of a single nucleus from multiple nuclei as a result of fusing the lipid bilayers that surround each nuclei. This occurs after cytogamy.
743 nuclear migration involved in conjugation with cellular fusion P The microtubule-based movement of nuclei towards one another as a prelude to karyogamy in organisms undergoing conjugation with cellular fusion.
744 karyogamy involved in conjugation with mutual genetic exchange P During sexual reproduction, the creation of a single nucleus from multiple nuclei as a result of fusing the lipid bilayers that surround each nuclei. This occurs after the mutual exchange of nuclei.
745 nuclear migration involved in conjugation with mutual genetic exchange P The net movement of nuclei towards one another, leading to the bilateral transfer of genetic material in organisms undergoing conjugation without cellular fusion.
746 conjugation P The union or introduction of genetic information from compatible mating types that results in a genetically different individual. Conjugation requires direct cellular contact between the organisms.
747 conjugation with cellular fusion P A conjugation process that results in the union of cellular and genetic information from compatible mating types. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
748 conjugation with mutual genetic exchange P A conjugation process that results in the mutual exchange and union of only genetic information between compatible mating types. Conjugation without cellular fusion requires direct cellular contact between the organisms without plasma membrane fusion. The organisms involved in conjugation without cellular fusion separate after nuclear exchange.
749 response to pheromone involved in conjugation with cellular fusion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pheromone stimulus that contributes to the process of conjugation with cellular fusion. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
750 pheromone-dependent signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion P A signal transduction process resulting in the relay, amplification or dampening of a signal generated in response to pheromone exposure in organisms that undergo conjugation with cellular fusion. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
751 mitotic cell cycle G1 arrest in response to pheromone P The cell cycle regulatory process in which the mitotic cell cycle is halted during G1 as a result of a pheromone stimulus. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
752 agglutination involved in conjugation with cellular fusion P During conjugation with cellular fusion, the aggregation or adhesion of compatible mating types via complementary cell-cell interactions. An example of this process is agglutination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
753 cell morphogenesis involved in conjugation with cellular fusion P The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs during sexual reproduction in order to facilitate direct contact between the compatible mating types in organisms that undergo conjugation cellular fusion.
754 adaptation of signaling pathway by response to pheromone involved in conjugation with cellular fusion P In organisms that undergo conjugation with cellular fusion, the process resulting in desensitization following exposure to pheromone stimulus that act to down-regulate further stimulation or block initial conjugation responses. An example of this is the adaptation to pheromone during conjugation with cellular fusion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
755 cytogamy P During conjugation with cellular fusion, the process resulting in creating a single cell from complementary mating types. The localized remodeling and dissolution of external protective structures allow the fusion of the plasma membranes and cytoplasmic mixing. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
756 response to pheromone involved in conjugation with mutual genetic exchange P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pheromone stimulus during the process of conjugation without cellular fusion.
757 signal transduction involved in conjugation with mutual genetic exchange P A signal transduction process resulting in the relay, amplification or dampening of a signal generated in response to pheromone exposure in organisms that undergo conjugation without cellular fusion.
758 agglutination involved in conjugation with mutual genetic exchange P During conjugation without cellular fusion, the aggregation or adhesion of compatible mating types via complementary cell-cell interactions.
759 cell morphogenesis involved in conjugation with mutual genetic exchange P The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs during sexual reproduction in order to facilitate direct contact between the compatible mating types in organisms that undergo conjugation without cellular fusion.
760 adaptation to pheromone involved in conjugation with mutual genetic exchange P In organisms that undergo conjugation without cellular fusion, the process resulting in desensitization following exposure to pheromone stimulus that act to down-regulate further stimulation or block initial conjugation responses.
761 conjugant formation P During conjugation without cellular fusion, the process that results in pairing complementary mating types. Localized morphological, cytological, and cytoskeletal changes connect the mating types without cytoplasmic mixing.
762 pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation P The process of unidirectional (polarized) transfer of genetic information in response to a pheromone. It involves direct cellular contact between a donor and recipient cell; the contact is followed by the formation of a cellular bridge that physically connects the cells; some or all of the chromosome(s) of one cell ('male') is then transferred into the other cell ('female'); unidirectional conjugation occurs between cells of different mating types.
765 response to pheromone involved in pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pheromone stimulus that contributes to the process of pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation.
766 negative adaptation of signaling pathway by response to pheromone involved in pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation P In organisms that undergo pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation, the process involved in desensitization following exposure to pheromone stimulus that acts to down-regulate further stimulation or block initial conjugation responses.
767 cell morphogenesis involved in conjugation P The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs during sexual reproduction in order to facilitate direct contact between the compatible mating types.
768 syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion P The formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells.
769 syncytium formation by mitosis without cytokinesis P The formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by one or more rounds of nuclear division without cytokinesis.
770 peptide pheromone export P The directed movement of a peptide pheromone out of a cell by a secretion or export pathway used solely for the export of peptide pheromones.
771 agglutination involved in conjugation P The aggregation or adhesion of compatible mating types via complementary cell-cell interactions prior to the formation of irreversible cellular contacts during conjugation.
772 mating pheromone activity F The activity of binding to and activating specific cell surface receptors, thereby inducing a behavioral or physiological response(s) from a responding organism or cell that leads to the transfer or union of genetic material between organisms or cells. The mating pheromone can either be retained on the cell surface or secreted.
773 phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine N-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine.
774 adenyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity F Stimulates the hydrolysis and exchange of adenyl nucleotides by other proteins.
775 chromosome, centromeric region C The region of a chromosome that includes the centromeric DNA and associated proteins. In monocentric chromosomes, this region corresponds to a single area of the chromosome, whereas in holocentric chromosomes, it is evenly distributed along the chromosome.
776 kinetochore C A multisubunit complex that is located at the centromeric region of DNA and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules.
777 condensed chromosome kinetochore C A multisubunit complex that is located at the centromeric region of a condensed chromosome and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules.
778 condensed nuclear chromosome kinetochore C A multisubunit complex that is located at the centromeric region of a condensed nuclear chromosome and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules.
779 condensed chromosome, centromeric region C The region of a condensed chromosome that includes the centromere and associated proteins, including the kinetochore. In monocentric chromosomes, this region corresponds to a single area of the chromosome, whereas in holocentric chromosomes, it is evenly distributed along the chromosome.
780 condensed nuclear chromosome, centromeric region C The region of a condensed nuclear chromosome that includes the centromere and associated proteins, including the kinetochore. In monocentric chromosomes, this region corresponds to a single area of the chromosome, whereas in holocentric chromosomes, it is evenly distributed along the chromosome.
781 chromosome, telomeric region C The terminal region of a linear chromosome that includes the telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins.
782 telomere cap complex C A complex of DNA and protein located at the end of a linear chromosome that protects and stabilizes a linear chromosome.
783 nuclear telomere cap complex C A complex of DNA and protein located at the end of a linear chromosome in the nucleus that protects and stabilizes a linear chromosome.
784 nuclear chromosome, telomeric region C The terminal region of a linear nuclear chromosome that includes the telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins.
785 chromatin C The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome.
786 nucleosome C A complex comprised of DNA wound around a multisubunit core and associated proteins, which forms the primary packing unit of DNA into higher order structures.
787 cytoplasmic nucleosome C A complex comprised of DNA wound around a multisubunit core and associated proteins, which forms the primary packing unit of DNA in the cytoplasm into higher order structures.
788 nuclear nucleosome C A complex comprised of DNA wound around a multisubunit core and associated proteins, which forms the primary packing unit of DNA in the nucleus into higher order structures.
789 cytoplasmic chromatin C The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome in the cytoplasm.
790 nuclear chromatin C The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome in the nucleus.
791 euchromatin C A dispersed and relatively uncompacted form of chromatin.
792 heterochromatin C A compact and highly condensed form of chromatin.
793 condensed chromosome C A highly compacted molecule of DNA and associated proteins resulting in a cytologically distinct structure.
794 condensed nuclear chromosome C A highly compacted molecule of DNA and associated proteins resulting in a cytologically distinct nuclear chromosome.
795 synaptonemal complex C A proteinaceous scaffold found between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.
796 condensin complex C A multisubunit protein complex that plays a central role in chromosome condensation.
797 condensin core heterodimer C The core heterodimer of a condensin complex, a multisubunit protein complex that plays a central role in chromosome condensation.
798 nuclear cohesin complex C A cohesin complex required for cohesion between sister chromatids that remain in the nucleus.
799 nuclear condensin complex C A multisubunit protein complex that plays a central role in the condensation of chromosomes that remain in the nucleus.
800 lateral element C A proteinaceous core found between sister chromatids during meiotic prophase.
801 central element C A structural unit of the synaptonemal complex found between the lateral elements.
802 transverse filament C A structural unit of the synaptonemal complex that spans the regions between the lateral elements and connects them.
803 sex chromosome C A chromosome involved in sex determination.
804 W chromosome C The sex chromosome present in females of species in which the female is the heterogametic sex; generally, the sex chromosome that pairs with the Z chromosome in the heterogametic sex. The W chromosome is absent from the cells of males and present in one copy in the somatic cells of females.
805 X chromosome C The sex chromosome present in both sexes of species in which the male is the heterogametic sex. Two copies of the X chromosome are present in each somatic cell of females and one copy is present in males.
806 Y chromosome C The sex chromosome present in males of species in which the male is the heterogametic sex; generally, the sex chromosome that pairs with the X chromosome in the heterogametic sex. The Y chromosome is absent from the cells of females and present in one copy in the somatic cells of males.
807 Z chromosome C The sex chromosome present in both sexes of species in which the female is the heterogametic sex. Two copies of the Z chromosome are present in each somatic cell of males and one copy is present in females.
808 origin recognition complex C A multisubunit complex that is located at the replication origins of a chromosome.
809 cytoplasmic origin of replication recognition complex C A multisubunit complex that is located at the replication origins of a chromosome in the cytoplasm.
810 diacylglycerol diphosphate phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-diphosphate + H2O = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + phosphate.
811 GINS complex C A heterotetrameric protein complex that associates with replication origins, where it is required for the initiation of DNA replication, and with replication forks.
812 Swr1 complex C A multisubunit protein complex that is involved in chromatin remodeling. It is required for the incorporation of the histone variant H2AZ into chromatin. In S. cerevisiae, the complex contains Swr1p, a Swi2/Snf2-related ATPase, and 12 additional subunits.
813 ESCRT I complex C An endosomal sorting complex required for transport. It consists of the class E vacuolar protein sorting (Vps) proteins and interacts with ubiquitinated cargoes.
814 ESCRT II complex C An endosomal sorting complex required for transport and functions downstream of ESCRT I complex. It consists of the class E vacuolar protein sorting (Vps) proteins and is required for the membrane recruitment of ESCRT III complex and binds to ubiquitinated cargoes.
815 ESCRT III complex C An endosomal sorting complex required for transport. Consists of two soluble subcomplexes of highly charged coiled-coil proteins and is required for sorting and/or concentration of multivesicular body (MVB) cargoes.
817 COMA complex C A multiprotein complex in yeast consisting of Ctf19p, Okp1p, Mcm21p, and Ame1p. This complex bridges the subunits that are in contact with centromeric DNA and the subunits bound to microtubules during kinetochore assembly.
818 nuclear MIS12/MIND complex C A multiprotein kinetochore subcomplex that binds to centromeric chromatin and forms part of the inner kinetochore of a chromosome in the nucleus. It helps to recruit outer kinetochore subunits that will bind to microtubules. Nuclear localization arises in some organisms because the nuclear envelope is not broken down during mitosis. In S. cerevisiae, it consists of at least four proteins: Mtw1p, Nnf1p, Nsl1p, and Dsn1.
819 sister chromatid segregation P The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets.
820 regulation of glutamine family amino acid metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids of the glutamine family, comprising arginine, glutamate, glutamine and proline.
821 regulation of arginine metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving arginine, 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid.
822 inositol hexakisphosphate binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with inositol hexakisphosphate.
823 inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate 6-kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + ATP = D-myo-inositol 1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).
824 inositol tetrakisphosphate 3-kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate = ADP + 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate.
825 inositol tetrakisphosphate 6-kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + ADP.
827 inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate = ADP + diphospho-1D-myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate. The isomeric configuration of diphospho-1D-myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate is unknown.
828 inositol hexakisphosphate kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate = ADP + diphospho-1D-myo-inositol-pentakisphosphate. The isomeric configuration of diphospho-1D-myo-inositol-pentakisphosphate (PP-IP5) is unknown.
829 inositol heptakisphosphate kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + diphospho-1D-myo-inositol-pentakisphosphate = ADP + bis(diphospho)-1D-myo-inositol-tetrakisphosphate. The isomeric configurations of the diphospho-1D-myo-inositol-pentakisphosphate (PP-IP5) and bis(diphospho)-1D-myo-inositol-tetrakisphosphate (bis-PP-IP4) are unknown.
830 inositol hexakisphosphate 4-kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate = ADP + 4-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,5,6)pentakisphosphate.
831 inositol hexakisphosphate 6-kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate = ADP + 6-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,4,5)pentakisphosphate.
832 inositol hexakisphosphate 5-kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate = ADP + 5-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,4,6)pentakisphosphate.
833 inositol heptakisphosphate 4-kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 5-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,4,6)pentakisphosphate = 4,5-bisdiphosphoinositol-1D-myoinositol (1,2,3,6)tetrakisphosphate.
834 inositol heptakisphosphate 6-kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 5-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,4,6)pentakisphosphate = 5,6-bisdiphosphoinositol-1D-myoinositol (1,2,3,4)tetrakisphosphate.
835 ER ubiquitin ligase complex C A ubiquitin ligase complex found in the ER.
836 Hrd1p ubiquitin ligase complex C A multiprotein complex that recognizes and ubiquitinates proteins with misfolded luminal and membrane domains during ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). In S. cerevisiae, this complex contains the ubiquitin ligase Hrd1p. In mammals, this complex contains the ubiquitin ligase HRD1 (Synoviolin) or AMFR (gp78).
837 Doa10p ubiquitin ligase complex C A multiprotein complex that recognizes and ubiquitinates membrane proteins with misfolded cytosolic domains during ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). In S. cerevisiae, this complex contains the ubiquitin ligase Ssm4p/Doa10p.
838 Hrd1p ubiquitin ligase ERAD-M complex C A multiprotein complex that recognizes and ubiquitinates proteins with misfolded membrane domains during ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). In S. cerevisiae, this complex contains the ubiquitin ligase Hrd1p.
839 Hrd1p ubiquitin ligase ERAD-L complex C A multiprotein complex that recognizes and ubiquitinates proteins with misfolded luminal domains during ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). In S. cerevisiae, this complex contains the ubiquitin ligase Hrd1p.
900 translation repressor activity, nucleic acid binding F Antagonizes the ribosome-mediated translation of mRNA into a polypeptide via direct binding (through a selective and non-covalent interaction) to nucleic acid.
901 translation repressor activity, non-nucleic acid binding F Antagonizes the ribosome-mediated translation of mRNA into a polypeptide but does not bind directly to nucleic acid.
902 cell morphogenesis P The developmental process in which the size or shape of a cell is generated and organized.
903 regulation of cell shape during vegetative growth phase P Any process that modulates the surface configuration of a cell during the vegetative growth phase. The vegetative growth phase is the growth phase during which single celled organisms reproduce by budding or other asexual methods.
904 cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation P The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history.
905 sporocarp development involved in asexual reproduction P The formation of a spore-bearing structure by fungus where spores will arise from asexual reproduction.
906 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone-4-phosphate + 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione = 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine + phosphate.
907 sulfonate dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: sulfonate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = sulfite + aminoacetaldehyde + succinate + CO2.
908 taurine dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + O(2) + taurine = aminoacetaldehyde + CO(2) + succinate + sulfite.
909 sporocarp development involved in sexual reproduction P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a fruiting body organ over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fruiting body is a spore bearing structure. In fungi, the sporocarp (also known as fruiting body) is a multicellular structure on which spore-producing structures, such as basidia or asci, are borne. The fruiting body is part of the sexual phase of a fungal life cycle, with the rest of the life cycle being characterized by vegetative mycelial growth. The sporocarp of a basidiomycete is known as a basidiocarp, while the fruiting body of an ascomycete is known as an ascocarp. A significant range of different shapes and morphologies is found in both basidiocarps and ascocarps; these features play an important role in the identification and taxonomy of fungi.
910 cytokinesis P The division of the cytoplasm and the plasma membrane of a cell and its partitioning into two daughter cells.
911 cytokinesis by cell plate formation P The process of dividing the cytoplasm of a parent cell where a structure forms in the cytoplasm and grows until reaching the plasma membrane, thereby completely separating the cytoplasms of adjacent progeny cells. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
912 assembly of actomyosin apparatus involved in cytokinesis P The assembly and arrangement of an apparatus composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins that will function in cytokinesis.
913 preprophase band assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the preprophase band, a dense band of microtubules that marks the position in the cell where cytokinesis will occur in cells that perform cytokinesis by cell plate formation.
914 phragmoplast assembly P The formation of a structure composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins that will function in cytokinesis in cells that perform cytokinesis by cell plate formation. The structure usually contains antiparallel microtubules and membrane (often visible as vesicles).
915 actomyosin contractile ring assembly P The process of assembly of a ring composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins that will function in cytokinesis.
916 actomyosin contractile ring contraction P The process of an actomyosin ring getting smaller in diameter, in the context of cytokinesis that takes place as part of a cell cycle.
917 barrier septum assembly P The assembly and arrangement of a septum that spans the plasma membrane interface between progeny cells following cytokinesis. The progeny cells that form a barrier septum are not able to exchange intracellular material.
918 barrier septum site selection P The process of marking the site where a barrier septum will form.
919 cell plate assembly P The process of assembly, maturation, and growth of the cell plate to the cell periphery in cells that divide by cell plate formation; often involves deposition of cell wall material in and around the phragmoplast.
920 cell separation after cytokinesis P The process of physically separating progeny cells after cytokinesis; this may involve enzymatic digestion of septum or cell wall components.
921 septin ring assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of septins and associated proteins to form an organized structure resembling a ring at the cell cortex.
922 spindle pole C Either of the ends of a spindle, where spindle microtubules are organized; usually contains a microtubule organizing center and accessory molecules, spindle microtubules and astral microtubules.
923 equatorial microtubule organizing center C A microtubule organizing center formed by a band of gamma-tubulin that is recruited to a circumferential band of F-actin at the midpoint of a cell and which nucleates microtubules from the cell division site at the end of mitosis.
924 gamma-tubulin ring complex, centrosomal C A centrosome-localized multiprotein complex composed of gamma-tubulin and other non-tubulin proteins assembled into a ring structure that is thought to be the unit of nucleation at the minus end of a microtubule. Gamma-tubulin small complexes are thought to be the core repeating units of the ring.
927 gamma-tubulin small complex, centrosomal C A centrosomal complex usually comprising two gamma-tubulin molecules, at least two conserved non-tubulin proteins that multimerize along with additional non-tubulin proteins in animal cells into larger functional complexes. Gamma-tubulin small complexes are thought to be the repeating unit making up the core of the gamma-tubulin ring complex. An example of this structure is found in Mus musculus.
928 gamma-tubulin small complex, spindle pole body C A complex composed of two gamma-tubulin molecules and conserved non-tubulin proteins located in the spindle pole body and isolated by fractionation from cells. The complex, approximately 6S-9S, is analogous to the small complex in animal cells but contains fewer subunits, and is not thought to multimerize into larger functional units, like complexes in those organisms. An example of this structure is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
930 gamma-tubulin complex C A multiprotein complex composed of gamma-tubulin and other non-tubulin proteins. Gamma-tubulin complexes are localized to microtubule organizing centers, and play an important role in the nucleation of microtubules. The number and complexity of non-tubulin proteins associated with these complexes varies between species.
931 gamma-tubulin large complex C A complex of gamma tubulin and associated proteins thought to be formed by multimerization of gamma-tubulin small complexes. An example of this structure is found in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
932 P-body C A focus in the cytoplasm where mRNAs may become inactivated by decapping or some other mechanism. Protein and RNA localized to these foci are involved in mRNA degradation, nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), translational repression, and RNA-mediated gene silencing.
933 adventitious septum C A cell septum whose formation is independent of nuclear division.
934 porous cell septum C A septum or cross wall which does not entirely span the space between two portions of cell wall and may contain a specialized central pore structure. A porous septum allows the movement of organelles and/or cytoplasm between compartments.
935 barrier septum C A septum which spans a cell and does not allow exchange of organelles or cytoplasm between compartments.
936 primary cell septum C A cell septum that forms following nuclear division.
937 dolipore septum C A septum, or cross-wall, between two portions of a cell or hypha; contains a central pore around which the septum is swollen to form a barrel-shaped structure; pore is covered on each side of the septum by a septal pore cap (parenthosome).
938 GARP complex C A quatrefoil tethering complex required for retrograde traffic from the early endosome back to the late Golgi and biogenesis of cytoplasmic vesicles.
939 condensed chromosome inner kinetochore C The region of a condensed chromosome kinetochore closest to centromeric DNA; in mammals the CREST antigens (CENP proteins) are found in this layer; this layer may help define underlying centromeric chromatin structure and position of the kinetochore on the chromosome.
940 condensed chromosome outer kinetochore C The region of a condensed chromosome kinetochore most external to centromeric DNA; this outer region mediates kinetochore-microtubule interactions.
941 condensed nuclear chromosome inner kinetochore C The region of a condensed nuclear chromosome kinetochore closest to centromeric DNA; this layer may help define underlying centromeric chromatin structure and position of the kinetochore on the chromosome.
942 condensed nuclear chromosome outer kinetochore C The region of a condensed nuclear chromosome kinetochore most external to centromeric DNA; this outer region mediates kinetochore-microtubule interactions.
943 retrotransposon nucleocapsid C A complex of the retrotransposon RNA genome, reverse transcriptase, integrase, and associated molecules required for reproduction and integration of the retrotransposon into the host genome; the main structural molecule of the nucleocapsid is often a gag protein homolog.
944 base pairing with rRNA F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) via hydrogen bonds between the bases of a gene product molecule and the bases of a target rRNA molecule.
945 base pairing with snRNA F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with small nuclear ribonucleic acid (snRNA) via hydrogen bonds between the bases of a gene product molecule and the bases of a target snRNA molecule.
946 base pairing with tRNA F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with transfer ribonucleic acid (mRNA) via hydrogen bonds between the bases of a gene product molecule and the bases of a target tRNA molecule.
947 amino acid catabolic process to alcohol via Ehrlich pathway P The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce alcohols with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives may be produced instead of alcohols.
948 amino acid catabolic process to carboxylic acid via Ehrlich pathway P The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce carboxylic acids with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of carboxylic acids, sometimes collectively referred to as fusel acids. Depending on the redox state of the cells, alcohol derivatives may be produced instead of carboxylic acids.
949 aromatic amino acid family catabolic process to alcohol via Ehrlich pathway P The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of aromatic amino acids to produce aromatic alcohols with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When an aromatic family amino acid, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan, is used as the substrate, 2-phenylethanol, 4-hydroxyphenylethanol, or tryptophol, respectively, is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives may be produced instead of alcohols.
950 branched-chain amino acid catabolic process to alcohol via Ehrlich pathway P The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of branched chain amino acids to produce branched chain alcohols with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When a branched chain family amino acid, leucine, isoleucine, or valine, is used as the substrate, 3-methylbutanol, 2-methylbutanol, or 2-methylpropanol, respectively, is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives may be produced instead of alcohols.
951 methionine catabolic process to 3-methylthiopropanol P The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of branched chain amino acids to produce branched chain alcohols with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When methionine is used as the substrate, 3-methylthiopropanol is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives may be produced instead of alcohols.
952 aromatic amino acid family catabolic process to carboxylic acid via Ehrlich pathway P The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce carboxylic acids with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When an aromatic family amino acid, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan, is used as the substrate, 2-phenylethanoate, 4-hydroxyphenylethanoate, or 2-(Indol-3-yl)-ethanoate, respectively, is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of carboxylic acids, sometimes collectively referred to as fusel acids. Depending on the redox state of the cells, alcohol derivatives may be produced instead of carboxylic acids.
953 branched-chain amino acid catabolic process to carboxylic acid via Ehrlich pathway P The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce carboxylic acids with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When a branched chain family amino acid, leucine, isoleucine, or valine, is used as the substrate, 3-methylbutanoate, 2-methylbutanoate, or 2-methylpropanoate, respectively, is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of carboxylic acids, sometimes collectively referred to as fusel acids. Depending on the redox state of the cells, alcohol derivatives may be produced instead of carboxylic acids.
954 methionine catabolic process to 3-methylthiopropanoate P The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce carboxylic acids with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When methionine is used as the substrate, 3-methylthiopropanoate is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of carboxylic acids, sometimes collectively referred to as fusel acids. Depending on the redox state of the cells, alcohol derivatives may be produced instead of carboxylic acids.
955 amino acid catabolic process via Ehrlich pathway P The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce alcohols or carboxylic acids containing one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives, sometimes referred to as fusel acids, may be produced instead of alcohols.
956 nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nuclear-transcribed mRNAs in eukaryotic cells.
957 mitochondrial RNA catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome and occurring in the mitochondrion.
958 mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mRNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome and occurring in the mitochondrion.
959 mitochondrial RNA metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome and occurring in the mitochondrion.
960 regulation of mitochondrial RNA catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catabolism in the mitochondrion of RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome.
961 negative regulation of mitochondrial RNA catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catabolism in the mitochondrion of RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome.
962 positive regulation of mitochondrial RNA catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catabolism in the mitochondrion of RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome.
963 mitochondrial RNA processing P The conversion of a primary RNA molecule transcribed from a mitochondrial genome into one or more mature RNA molecules; occurs in the mitochondrion.
964 mitochondrial RNA 5'-end processing P Any process involved in forming the mature 5' end of an RNA molecule transcribed from a mitochondrial genome; occurs in the mitochondrion.
965 mitochondrial RNA 3'-end processing P Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an RNA molecule transcribed from a mitochondrial genome; occurs in the mitochondrion.
966 RNA 5'-end processing P Any process involved in forming the mature 5' end of an RNA molecule.
967 rRNA 5'-end processing P Any process involved in forming the mature 5' end of an rRNA molecule.
968 tRNA exon ligation P An RNA exon ligation process that rejoins two exons of a pre-tRNA which has had the intron removed.
969 tRNA exon ligation utilizing ATP as source of linkage phosphate P A tRNA exon ligation process in which the splice junction phosphate is derived from exogenous ATP. This type of ligation to rejoin the 5' and 3' exons of a tRNA is observed in vertebrate species.
970 tRNA exon ligation utilizing GTP as source of linkage phosphate P A tRNA exon ligation process in which the splice junction phosphate is derived from exogenous GTP. This type of ligation to rejoin the 5' and 3' exons of a tRNA is observed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae where the ligation reaction also produces a 2'-phosphate at the splice junction which is subsequently removed as part of the ligation process.
971 tRNA exon ligation utilizing 2',3' cyclic phosphate of 5'-exon as source of linkage phosphate P A tRNA exon ligation process in which the splice junction phosphate is derived from the 2',3' cyclic phosphate at the 3'-end of the 5'-exon. This type of ligation to rejoin the 5' and 3' exons of a tRNA is observed in wheat, Chlamydomonas, and vertebrate species including humans.
972 transcription-dependent tethering of RNA polymerase II gene DNA at nuclear periphery P The chromosome organization process in which the DNA sequence containing a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase II is maintained in a specific location at the nuclear periphery. In S. cerevisiae, this process involves cis-acting DNA sequences such as the TATA box and upstream activating sequence (UAS) elements, trans-acting transcriptional activators, and also the 3'-UTR of the transcript.
973 posttranscriptional tethering of RNA polymerase II gene DNA at nuclear periphery P The chromosome organization process in which the DNA sequence containing a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase II is maintained in a specific location at the nuclear periphery even after transcription has been repressed.
974 Prp19 complex C A protein complex consisting of Prp19 and associated proteins that is involved in the transition from the precatalytic spliceosome to the activated form that catalyzes step 1 of splicing, and which remains associated with the spliceosome through the second catalytic step. It is widely conserved, found in both yeast and mammals, though the exact composition varies. In S. cerevisiae, it contains Prp19p, Ntc20p, Snt309p, Isy1p, Syf2p, Cwc2p, Prp46p, Clf1p, Cef1p, and Syf1p.
975 regulatory region DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a DNA region that regulates a DNA-based process. Such processes include transcription, DNA replication, and DNA repair.
976 transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific sequence of DNA that is part of a regulatory region that controls transcription of that section of the DNA. The transcribed region might be described as a gene, cistron, or operon.
977 RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific sequence of DNA that is part of a regulatory region that controls the transcription of a gene or cistron by RNA polymerase II.
978 RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II.
979 RNA polymerase II core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the regulatory region composed of the transcription start site and binding sites for transcription factors of the RNA polymerase II basal transcription machinery.
980 RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a RNA polymerase II (Pol II) distal enhancer. In mammalian cells, enhancers are distal sequences that increase the utilization of some promoters, and can function in either orientation and in any location (upstream or downstream) relative to the core promoter.
981 RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase II. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.
982 transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) in order to modulate transcription by RNAP II.
983 transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter sequence-specific F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in an RNA polymerase II (Pol II) core promoter, the region composed of the transcription start site and binding sites for transcription factors of the Pol II basal transcription machinery, in order to modulate transcription by Pol II. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.
984 bacterial-type RNA polymerase regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is part of a regulatory region that controls the transcription of a gene or operon by a bacterial-type RNA polymerase.
985 bacterial-type RNA polymerase core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in a bacterial-type RNA polymerase core promoter, the region composed of the transcription start site and binding sites for transcription factors of the basal transcription machinery, in order to modulate transcription. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.
986 bacterial-type RNA polymerase core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for a bacterial-type RNA polymerase.
987 core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to the core promoter. The transcribed region might be described as a gene, cistron, or operon.
988 transcription factor activity, protein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules), in order to modulate transcription. A protein binding transcription factor may or may not also interact with the template nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) as well.
989 transcription factor activity, transcription factor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific transcription factor, which may be a single protein or a complex, in order to modulate transcription. A protein binding transcription factor may or may not also interact with the template nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) as well.
990 transcription factor activity, core RNA polymerase binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase in order to modulate transcription. A protein binding transcription factor may or may not also interact with the template nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) as well.
991 transcription factor activity, core RNA polymerase II binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II (Pol II) complex, typically composed of twelve subunits, in order to modulate transcription. A protein binding transcription factor may or may not also interact with the template nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) as well.
992 polymerase III regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is part of a regulatory region that controls transcription by RNA polymerase III. The transcribed region might be contain a single gene or a cistron containing multiple genes.
993 RNA polymerase II core binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with RNA polymerase II core enzyme, a multisubunit eukaryotic nuclear RNA polymerase typically composed of twelve subunits.
994 RNA polymerase III core binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with RNA polymerase III core enzyme, a multisubunit eukaryotic nuclear RNA polymerase typically composed of seventeen subunits.
995 transcription factor activity, core RNA polymerase III binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase III (Pol III) complex, typically composed of seventeen subunits, in order to modulate transcription. A protein binding transcription factor may or may not also interact with the template nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) as well.
996 core DNA-dependent RNA polymerase binding promoter specificity activity F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a DNA-dependent core RNA polymerase to form a holoenzyme complex and also, while present in the holoenzyme, interacting with promoter sequences in order to confer sequence specific recognition of promoter DNA sequence motifs.
997 mitochondrial RNA polymerase core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is part of the core promoter for the mitochondrial RNA polymerase.
999 RNA polymerase III type 1 promoter transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on a type 1 RNA polymerase III (Pol III) promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is the first step of transcription. Type 1 promoters require TFIIIA for promoter recognition, which then recruits TFIIIC. TFIIIC in turn recruits TFIIIB, which recruits Pol III to the promoter.
1000 bacterial-type RNA polymerase core enzyme binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the bacterial-type RNA polymerase core enzyme, typically consisting of two alpha, one beta, one beta prime, and one omega subunit.
1001 mitochondrial single-subunit type RNA polymerase binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a single subunit mitochondrial RNA polymerase enzyme, which is composed of a single catalytic subunit similar to the RNA polymerase enzymes from phages T3, T7, and SP6.
1002 RNA polymerase III type 1 promoter sequence-specific DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is a part of a type 1 promoter that controls transcription by RNA polymerase III. Type 1 promoters are found in 5S rRNA genes, downstream of the transcription start site within the sequence of the mature RNA, and require TFIIIA for recognition.
1003 RNA polymerase III type 2 promoter sequence-specific DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is a part of a type 2 promoter that controls transcription by RNA polymerase III. Type 2 promoters consist of an A box and a B box downstream of the transcription start site within the sequence within the sequence of the mature RNA. Type 2 promoters are found in many tRNA genes as well as in other small RNAs.
1004 transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase III promoter sequence-specific binding, TFIIIB recruiting F The function of binding to a specific DNA sequence motif in an RNA polymerase III (Pol III) promoter in order to recruit the Pol III recruiting factor TFIIIB to the promoter.
1005 transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase III type 1 promoter sequence-specific binding, TFIIIB recruiting F The function of binding to a specific DNA sequence motif in a type 1 RNA polymerase III (Pol III) promoter in order to recruit the Pol III recruiting factor TFIIIB to the promoter. For type 1 Pol III promoters, this requires both TFIIIA and TFIIIC.
1006 RNA polymerase III type 3 promoter sequence-specific DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is a part of a type 3 promoter that controls transcription by RNA polymerase III (Pol III). A type 3 Pol III promoter is composed of elements upstream of the transcription start site, including a TATA box. The human U6 snRNA gene has a type 3 promoter. Type 3 Pol III promoters have not been observed in S. cerevisiae.
1007 transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase III transcription factor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase III transcription factor, which may be a single protein or a complex, in order to modulate transcription. A protein binding transcription factor may or may not also interact with the template nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) as well.
1008 transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase III type 2 promoter sequence-specific binding, TFIIIB recruiting F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence motif in a type 2 RNA polymerase III (Pol III) promoter in order to recruit TFIIIB to the promoter. For type 2 Pol III promoters, this requires TFIIIC activity.
1009 transcription from RNA polymerase III type 2 promoter P The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase III (RNAP III), originating at a type 2 RNAP III promoter. Type 2 RNAP III promoters consist of an A box and a B box downstream of the transcription start site within the sequence of the mature RNA and the process of initiation is different than from other promoter types. Type 2 promoters are found in many tRNA genes as well as in other small RNAs.
1010 transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor recruiting F The function of binding to a specific DNA sequence and recruiting another transcription factor to the DNA in order to modulate transcription. The recruited factor may bind DNA directly, or may be colocalized via protein-protein interactions.
1011 transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding, RNA polymerase recruiting F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence and recruiting RNA polymerase to the DNA in order to form the preinitiation complex (PIC).
1012 RNA polymerase II regulatory region DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a DNA region that controls the transcription of a region of DNA by RNA polymerase II. Binding may occur as a sequence specific interaction or as an interaction observed only once a factor has been recruited to the DNA by other factors.
1013 RNA polymerase I regulatory region DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a DNA region that controls the transcription of a region of DNA by RNA polymerase I. Binding may occur as a sequence specific interaction or as an interaction observed only once a factor has been recruited to the DNA by other factors.
1014 snoRNA transcription from a type 2 RNA polymerase III promoter P The synthesis of small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) from a DNA template by RNA polymerase III, originating at a type 2 RNA polymerase III promoter.
1015 snoRNA transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter P The synthesis of small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter.
1016 RNA polymerase III regulatory region DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a DNA region that controls the transcription of a gene by RNA polymerase III. Binding may occur as a sequence specific interaction or as an interaction observed only once a factor has been recruited to the DNA by other factors.
1017 bacterial-type RNA polymerase regulatory region DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a DNA region that controls the transcription of a gene or operon by a bacterial-type RNA polymerase. Binding may occur as a sequence specific interaction or as an interaction observed only once a factor has been recruited to the DNA by other factors.
1018 mitochondrial RNA polymerase regulatory region DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a DNA region that controls the transcription of a region of DNA by mitochondrial RNA polymerase. Binding may occur as a high affinity and sequence specific interaction or as a lower affinity interaction observed once a factor has been recruited to the DNA by other factors.
1019 plastid RNA polymerase regulatory region DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a DNA region that controls the transcription of a region of DNA by a plastid RNA polymerase. Binding may occur as a sequence specific interaction or as an interaction observed only once a factor has been recruited to the DNA by other factors.
1020 RNA polymerase III type 3 promoter transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on a type 1 RNA polymerase III (Pol III) promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is the first step of transcription.
1021 RNA polymerase III type 2 promoter transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on a type 2 RNA polymerase III (Pol III) promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is the first step of transcription. Type 2 promoters require TFIIIC for promoter recognition, which then recruits TFIIIB, which in turn which recruits Pol III to the promoter.
1022 transcription initiation from RNA polymerase III type 1 promoter P A transcription initiation process on a type 1 RNA polymerase III (Pol III) that results in RNA synthesis by Pol III. Type 1 promoters are found in 5S rRNA genes, downstream of the transcription start site within the sequence of the mature RNA, and require TFIIIA for recognition.
1023 transcription initiation from RNA polymerase III type 2 promoter P A transcription initiation process on a type 2 RNA polymerase III (Pol III) that results in RNA synthesis by Pol III. Type 2 promoters consist of an A box and a B box downstream of the transcription start site within the sequence within the sequence of the mature RNA. Type 2 promoters are found in many tRNA genes as well as in other small RNAs.
1024 transcription initiation from RNA polymerase III type 3 promoter P A transcription initiation process on a type 3 RNA polymerase III (Pol III) that results in RNA synthesis by Pol III. A type 3 Pol III promoter is composed of elements upstream of the transcription start site, including a TATA box. The human U6 snRNA gene has a type 3 promoter. Type 3 Pol III promoters have not been observed in S. cerevisiae.
1025 RNA polymerase III transcription factor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase III transcription factor, any protein required to initiate or regulate transcription by RNA polymerase III.
1026 TFIIIB-type transcription factor activity F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase III (Pol III) complex, typically composed of seventeen subunits, and with another protein, macromolecule, or complex, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way, Once recruited to an RNA polymerase III promoter by one or more other transcription factors, binds to DNA, recruits RNA polymerase III and facilitates the transition from the closed to the open complex.
1027 RNA polymerase III type 1 promoter TFIIIB-type transcription factor activity F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase III (Pol III) complex, typically composed of seventeen subunits, and with another protein, macromolecule, or complex, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way. Once recruited to an RNA polymerase III type 1 promoter by TFIIIA-type and TFIIIC-type factors, binds to DNA, recruits RNA polymerase III and facilitates the transition from the closed to the open complex.
1028 RNA polymerase III type 2 promoter TFIIIB-type transcription factor activity F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase III (Pol III) complex, typically composed of seventeen subunits, and with another protein, macromolecule, or complex, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way. Once recruited to an RNA polymerase III type 2 promoter by a TFIIIC-type factor, binds to DNA, recruits RNA polymerase III and facilitates the transition from the closed to the open complex.
1029 RNA polymerase III type 3 promoter TFIIIB-type transcription factor activity F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase III (Pol III) complex, typically composed of seventeen subunits, and with another protein, macromolecule, or complex, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way. Once recruited to an RNA polymerase III type 3 promoter by SNAP-type and TFIIIC-type factors, binds to DNA, recruits RNA polymerase III and facilitates the transition from the closed to the open complex.
1030 RNA polymerase III type 1 promoter DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a region of DNA that is a part of a type 1 promoter that controls transcription by RNA polymerase III. Type 1 promoters are found in 5S rRNA genes, downstream of the transcription start site within the sequence of the mature RNA, and require TFIIIA for recognition.
1031 RNA polymerase III type 2 promoter DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a region of DNA that is a part of a type 2 promoter that controls transcription by RNA polymerase III. Type 2 promoters consist of an A box and a B box downstream of the transcription start site within the sequence within the sequence of the mature RNA. Type 2 promoters are found in many tRNA genes as well as in other small RNAs.
1032 RNA polymerase III type 3 promoter DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a region of DNA that is a part of a type 3 promoter that controls transcription by RNA polymerase III. A type 3 Pol III promoter is composed of elements upstream of the transcription start site, including a TATA box. The human U6 snRNA gene has a type 3 promoter. Type 3 Pol III promoters have not been observed in S. cerevisiae.
1033 transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase III type 3 promoter TFIIIB recruiting F The function of binding to a specific DNA sequence motif in a type 3 RNA polymerase III (Pol III) promoter in order to recruit TFIIIB to the promoter. For type 3 Pol III promoters, this requires SNAPc activity.
1034 RNA polymerase III transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase III. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.
1035 transcription from RNA polymerase III type 3 promoter P The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase III (RNAP III), originating at a type 3 RNAP III promoter. A type 3 RNAP III promoter is composed of elements upstream of the transcription start site, including a TATA box and the process of initiation is different than from other promoter types. The human U6 snRNA gene has a type 3 promoter. Type 3 Pol III promoters have not been observed in S. cerevisiae.
1036 transcription initiation from RNA polymerase III hybrid type promoter P A transcription initiation process on a hybrid type RNA polymerase III (Pol III) that results in RNA synthesis by Pol III (Pol III). A hybrid Pol III promoter contains both regulatory elements both upstream and downstream of the transcription initiation site. An example gene with such a promoter is the S. cerevisiae U6 gene.
1037 RNA polymerase III hybrid type promoter DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a region of DNA that is a part of a hybrid promoter that controls transcription by RNA polymerase III (Pol III). A hybrid Pol III promoter contains both regulatory elements both upstream and downstream of the transcription initiation site. An example gene with such a promoter is the S. cerevisiae U6 gene.
1038 RNA polymerase III hybrid type promoter TFIIIB recruiting transcription factor activity F Once recruited to an RNA polymerase III hybrid type promoter by sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factors, direct DNA binding, or a combination of both, binds to DNA, recruits RNA polymerase III and facilitates the transition from the closed to the open complex.
1039 RNA polymerase III hybrid type promoter sequence-specific DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is a part of a hybrid type promoter that controls transcription by RNA polymerase III (Pol III). A hybrid Pol III promoter contains both regulatory elements both upstream and downstream of the transcription initiation site. An example gene with such a promoter is the S. cerevisiae U6 gene.
1040 RNA polymerase III hybrid type promoter TFIIIB-type transcription factor activity F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase III (Pol III) complex, typically composed of seventeen subunits, and with another protein, macromolecule, or complex, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way. Once recruited to an RNA polymerase III hybrid type promoter, binds to DNA, recruits RNA polymerase III and facilitates the transition from the closed to the open complex.
1041 transcription from a RNA polymerase III hybrid type promoter P The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase III, originating at a hybrid type RNA polymerase III (RNAP III) promoter. A hybrid RNAP III promoter contains both regulatory elements both upstream and downstream of the transcription initiation site. An example gene with such a promoter is the S. cerevisiae U6 gene.
1042 RNA polymerase I core binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with RNA polymerase I core enzyme, a multisubunit eukaryotic nuclear RNA polymerase typically composed of seventeen subunits.
1043 RNA polymerase III hybrid type promoter transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on a hybrid type RNA polymerase III (Pol III) promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is the first step of transcription. Hybrid type promoters contain both gene-internal and upstream elements. An example of a hybrid promoter is the U6 snRNA gene.
1044 mitochondrial RNA polymerase regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific sequence of DNA that controls the transcription of a region of DNA by mitochondrial RNA polymerase.
1045 mitochondrial RNA polymerase core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for a mitochondrial RNA polymerase.
1046 core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is part of a core promoter region composed of the transcription start site and binding sites for the basal transcription machinery. The transcribed region might be described as a gene, cistron, or operon.
1047 core promoter binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the regulatory region composed of the transcription start site and binding sites for the basal transcription machinery. Binding may occur as a sequence specific interaction or as an interaction observed only once a factor has been recruited to the DNA by other factors.
1048 RNA polymerase IV core binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with RNA polymerase IV core enzyme, a multisubunit eukaryotic nuclear RNA polymerase found in plants and involved in siRNA production.
1049 RNA polymerase V core binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with RNA polymerase V core enzyme, a multisubunit eukaryotic nuclear RNA polymerase found in plants and involved in production of noncoding transcripts at target loci for silencing.
1050 single-subunit type RNA polymerase binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a single subunit RNA polymerase enzyme, which is composed of a single catalytic subunit similar to the RNA polymerase enzymes from phages T3, T7, and SP6.
1051 plastid single-subunit type RNA polymerase binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a single subunit plastid RNA polymerase enzyme, which is composed of a single catalytic subunit similar to the RNA polymerase enzymes from phages T3, T7, and SP6.
1052 plastid PEP RNA polymerase core enzyme binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the bacterial-type plastid PEP RNA polymerase core enzyme, typically consisting of two alpha, one beta, one beta prime, and one double prime subunit.
1053 plastid sigma factor activity F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a plastid PEP core RNA polymerase to form a holoenzyme complex and also, while present in the holoenzyme, interacting with promoter sequences in order to confer sequence specific recognition of plastid PEP core promoter DNA sequence motifs.
1054 RNA polymerase I activity F Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains an RNA polymerase I specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyzes DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.
1055 RNA polymerase II activity F Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains an RNA polymerase II specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.
1056 RNA polymerase III activity F Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains an RNA polymerase III specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.
1057 RNA polymerase IV activity F Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains an RNA polymerase IV specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.
1058 RNA polymerase V activity F Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains an RNA polymerase V specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.
1059 transcription from RNA polymerase IV promoter P The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase IV (Pol III), originating at a Pol IV-specific promoter.
1060 transcription from RNA polymerase V promoter P The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase V (Pol III), originating at a Pol V-specific promoter.
1061 bacterial-type RNA polymerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains a bacterial-type specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.
1062 plastid PEP-A RNA polymerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains a plastid PEP-A RNA polymerase II specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.
1063 plastid PEP-B RNA polymerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains a plastid PEP-B RNA polymerase II specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.
1064 single subunit type RNA polymerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains a single-subunit-type RNA polymerase-specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.
1065 mitochondrial single subunit type RNA polymerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains a single-subunit-type mitochondrial RNA polymerase-specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.
1066 plastid single subunit type RNA polymerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains a single subunit type plastid RNA polymerase specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.
1067 regulatory region nucleic acid binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleic acid region that regulates a nucleic acid-based process. Such processes include transcription, DNA replication, and DNA repair.
1068 transcription regulatory region RNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a RNA region within the transcript that regulates the transcription of a region of DNA, which may be a gene, cistron, or operon.
1069 regulatory region RNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a RNA region that regulates a nucleic acid-based process. Such processes include transcription, DNA replication, and DNA repair.
1070 RNA binding transcription factor activity F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA sequence in order to modulate transcription. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.
1071 nucleic acid binding transcription factor activity F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a DNA or RNA sequence in order to modulate transcription. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.
1072 transcription antitermination factor activity, RNA binding F Binds to RNA, typically within the nascent RNA transcript, to promote readthrough of a transcription termination site and thus extending the length of the RNA transcript produced. Examples of antitermination factors which bind the nascent RNA include the lambda N protein and the HIV-1 tat protein.
1073 transcription antitermination factor activity, DNA binding F Binds to DNA, typically within region of the promoter and transcribed region, to promote readthrough of a transcription termination site and thus extending the length of the RNA transcript produced. Examples of antitermination factors which bind DNA include the lambda Q protein.
1074 transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding involved in preinitiation complex assembly F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) in order to promote assembly of the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
1075 transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter sequence-specific binding involved in preinitiation complex assembly F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in an RNA polymerase II (Pol II) core promoter, the region composed of the transcription start site and binding sites for transcription factors of the Pol II basal transcription machinery, in order to promote assembly of the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
1076 transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II transcription factor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II transcription factor, which may be a single protein or a complex, in order to modulate transcription. A protein binding transcription factor may or may not also interact with the template nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) as well.
1077 transcriptional activator activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) in order to activate or increase the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from the RNAP II promoter.
1078 transcriptional repressor activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) in order to stop, prevent, or reduce the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
1079 nitrogen catabolite regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P A transcription regulation process in which the presence of one nitrogen source leads to the modulation of the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription, from an RNA polymerase II promoter, of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other nitrogen sources.
1080 nitrogen catabolite activation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P A transcription regulation process in which the presence of one nitrogen source leads to an increase in the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription, from an RNA polymerase II promoter, of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other nitrogen sources.
1081 nitrogen catabolite repression of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P A transcription regulation process in which the presence of one nitrogen source leads to a decrease in the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription, from an RNA polymerase II promoter, of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other nitrogen sources.
1082 transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase I transcription factor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase I transcription factor, which may be a single protein or a complex, in order to modulate transcription. A protein binding transcription factor may or may not also interact with the template nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) as well.
1083 transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II basal transcription factor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a basal RNA polymerase II transcription factor, which may be a single protein or a complex, in order to modulate transcription. A protein binding transcription factor may or may not also interact with the template nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) as well.
1084 transcription factor activity, TFIID-class binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a basal RNA polymerase II transcription factor of the TFIID class in order to modulate transcription. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with DNA as well.
1085 RNA polymerase II transcription factor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II transcription factor, any protein required to initiate or regulate transcription by RNA polymerase II.
1086 transcription factor activity, TFIIA-class binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a basal RNA polymerase II transcription factor of the TFIIA class in order to modulate transcription. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with DNA as well.
1087 transcription factor activity, TFIIB-class binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a basal RNA polymerase II transcription factor of the TFIIB class in order to modulate transcription. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with DNA as well.
1088 transcription factor activity, TFIIE-class binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a basal RNA polymerase II transcription factor of the TFIIE class in order to modulate transcription. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with DNA as well.
1089 transcription factor activity, TFIIF-class transcription factor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a basal RNA polymerase II transcription factor of the TFIIF class in order to modulate transcription. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with DNA as well.
1090 transcription factor activity, TFIIH-class binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a basal RNA polymerase II transcription factor of the TFIIH class in order to modulate transcription. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with DNA as well.
1091 RNA polymerase II basal transcription factor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a basal RNA polymerase II transcription factor, any of the factors involved in formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by RNA polymerase II and defined as a basal or general transcription factor.
1092 TFIIA-class transcription factor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a basal RNA polymerase II transcription factor of the TFIIA class, one of the factors involved in formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by RNA polymerase II and defined as a basal or general transcription factor.
1093 TFIIB-class transcription factor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a basal RNA polymerase II transcription factor of the TFIIB class, one of the factors involved in formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by RNA polymerase II and defined as a basal or general transcription factor.
1094 TFIID-class transcription factor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a basal RNA polymerase II transcription factor of the TFIID class, one of the factors involved in formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by RNA polymerase II and defined as a basal or general transcription factor.
1095 TFIIE-class transcription factor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a basal RNA polymerase II transcription factor of the TFIIE class, one of the factors involved in formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by RNA polymerase II and defined as a basal or general transcription factor.
1096 TFIIF-class transcription factor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a basal RNA polymerase II transcription factor of the TFIIF class, one of the factors involved in formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by RNA polymerase II and defined as a basal or general transcription factor.
1097 TFIIH-class transcription factor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a basal RNA polymerase II transcription factor of the TFIIH class, one of the factors involved in formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by RNA polymerase II and defined as a basal or general transcription factor.
1098 basal transcription machinery binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the basal transcription machinery which is composed of the RNA polymerase core enzyme and the basal transcription factor(s), the minimal set of factors required for formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by the RNA polymerase.
1099 basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the basal transcription machinery for RNA polymerase II which is composed of the RNA polymerase II core enzyme, a multisubunit eukaryotic nuclear RNA polymerase typically composed of twelve subunits, and the basal RNA polymerase II transcription factors, the minimal set of factors required for formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by the RNA polymerase.
1100 negative regulation of exit from mitosis P Any process involved in the inhibition of progression from anaphase/telophase (high mitotic CDK activity) to G1 (low mitotic CDK activity).
1101 response to acid chemical P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by the chemical structure of the anion portion of a dissociated acid (rather than the acid acting as a proton donor). The acid chemical may be in gaseous, liquid or solid form.
1102 RNA polymerase II activating transcription factor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II transcription activating factor, a protein involved in positive regulation of transcription.
1103 RNA polymerase II repressing transcription factor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II transcription repressing factor, a protein involved in negative regulation of transcription.
1104 RNA polymerase II transcription cofactor activity F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) regulatory transcription factor and also with the RNAP II basal transcription machinery in order to modulate transcription. Cofactors generally do not bind DNA, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between regulatory transcription factors and the basal RNAP II transcription machinery.
1105 RNA polymerase II transcription coactivator activity F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) regulatory transcription factor and also with the RNAP II basal transcription machinery in order to increase the frequency, rate or extent of transcription. Cofactors generally do not bind DNA, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between activating transcription factors and the basal RNAP II transcription machinery.
1106 RNA polymerase II transcription corepressor activity F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II repressing transcription factor and also with the RNA polymerase II basal transcription machinery in order to stop, prevent, or reduce the frequency, rate or extent of transcription. Cofactors generally do not bind DNA, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between repressive transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery.
1108 bacterial-type RNA polymerase holo enzyme binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the basal transcription machinery which is composed of a bacterial-type RNA polymerase core enzyme and a sigma factor, the minimal set of factors required for formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by a bacterial-type RNA polymerase.
1109 promoter clearance during DNA-templated transcription P Any process involved in the transition from the initiation to the elongation phases of transcription by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, generally including a conformational change from the initiation conformation to the elongation conformation. Promoter clearance often involves breaking contact with transcription factors involved only in the initiation phase and making contacts with elongation specific factors.
1110 promoter clearance from RNA polymerase III promoter P Any process involved in the transition from the initiation to the elongation phases of transcription by RNA polymerase III, generally including a conformational change from the initiation conformation to the elongation conformation. Promoter clearance often involves breaking contact with transcription factors involved only in the initiation phase.
1111 promoter clearance from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process involved in the transition from the initiation to the elongation phases of transcription by RNA polymerase II, generally including a conformational change from the initiation conformation to the elongation conformation. Promoter clearance often involves breaking contact with transcription factors involved only in the initiation phase and making contacts with elongation specific factors.
1112 DNA-templated transcriptional open complex formation P Any process involved in the melting of the DNA hybrid of the core promoter region within the transcriptional closed complex of an RNA polymerase preinitiation complex (PIC) to produce an open complex where the DNA duplex around the transcription initiation site is unwound to form the transcription bubble.
1113 transcriptional open complex formation at RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process involved in the melting of the DNA hybrid of the core promoter region within the transcriptional closed complex of an RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex (PIC) to produce an open complex where the DNA duplex around the transcription initiation site is unwound to form the transcription bubble.
1114 protein-DNA-RNA complex C A macromolecular complex containing protein, DNA, and RNA molecules.
1115 protein-DNA-RNA complex subunit organization P Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein-DNA-RNA complex.
1116 protein-DNA-RNA complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins, DNA, and RNA molecules to form a protein-DNA-RNA complex.
1117 protein-DNA-RNA complex disassembly P The disaggregation of a protein-DNA-RNA complex into its constituent components.
1118 transcription ternary complex disassembly P The disaggregation of a transcription ternary complex, composed of RNA polymerase, template DNA, and an RNA transcript, into its constituent components.
1119 protein-DNA-RNA complex remodeling P The acquisition, loss, or modification of macromolecules within a protein-DNA-RNA complex, resulting in the alteration of an existing complex.
1120 protein-DNA complex remodeling P The acquisition, loss, or modification of macromolecules within a protein-DNA complex, resulting in the alteration of an existing complex.
1121 transcription from bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter P The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by a bacterial-type RNA polymerase, originating at a bacterial-type promoter.
1122 promoter clearance from bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter P Any process involved in the transition from the initiation to the elongation phase of transcription by a bacterial-type RNA polymerase, generally including a conformational change from the initiation conformation to the elongation conformation. Promoter clearance generally involves dissociation of the sigma initiation factor.
1123 transcription initiation from bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter P Any process involved in the assembly of bacterial-type RNA polymerase preinitiation complex (PIC) at the core promoter region of a DNA template, resulting in the subsequent synthesis of RNA from that promoter. The initiation phase includes PIC assembly and the formation of the first few bonds in the RNA chain, including abortive initiation, which occurs when the first few nucleotides are repeatedly synthesized and then released. The initiation phase ends just before and does not include promoter clearance, or release, which is the transition between the initiation and elongation phases of transcription.
1124 transcription elongation from bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter P The extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance at a bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by a bacterial-type RNA polymerase.
1125 transcription termination from bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter P The process in which the synthesis of an RNA molecule by a bacterial-type RNA polymerase using a DNA template is completed.
1126 bacterial-type RNA polymerase preinitiation complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on a bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription by RNA polymerase.
1127 transcriptional open complex formation at bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter P Any process involved in the melting of the DNA hybrid of the core promoter region within a bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter to produce an open complex where the DNA duplex around the transcription initiation site is unwound to form the transcription bubble.
1128 RNA polymerase II transcription coactivator activity involved in preinitiation complex assembly F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) regulatory transcription factor and also with the RNAP II basal transcription machinery in order to increase the frequency, rate or stability of the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on RNA polymerase II promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC). Cofactors generally do not bind DNA, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between activating transcription factors and the basal RNAP II transcription machinery.
1129 RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, TBP-class protein binding, involved in preinitiation complex assembly F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a member of the class of TATA-binding proteins (TBP), including any of the TBP-related factors (TRFs), to facilitate the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on RNA polymerase II promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription by RNA polymerase.
1130 bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription by bacterial-type RNA polymerase. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.
1131 transcription factor activity, bacterial-type RNA polymerase core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for a bacterial-type RNA polymerase in order to modulate transcription by bacterial-type RNA polymerase. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.
1132 RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, TBP-class protein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a member of the class of TATA-binding proteins (TBP), including any of the TBP-related factors (TRFs), in order to modulate transcription. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with DNA as well.
1133 RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, sequence-specific transcription regulatory region DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific sequence of DNA that is part of a regulatory region that controls transcription of that section of the DNA by RNA polymerase II and recruiting another transcription factor to the DNA in order to modulate transcription by RNAP II.
1134 transcription factor activity, transcription factor recruiting F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific transcription factor, which may be a single protein or a complex, and with another protein, macromolecule, or complex, recruiting that specific transcription factor to the transcription machinery complex and thus permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way, in order to modulate transcription. A protein binding transcription factor may or may not also interact with the template nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) as well.
1135 transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II transcription factor recruiting F The function of binding to an RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) transcription factor and recruiting it to the transcription machinery complex in order to modulate transcription by RNAP II.
1136 transcription factor activity, TFIIE-class transcription factor recruiting F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a basal RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) transcription factor of the TFIIE-class in order to recruit it to the RNAP II preinitiation complex (PIC) in order to modulate transcription by RNAP II.
1137 transcription factor activity, TFIIF-class transcription factor recruiting F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a basal RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) transcription factor of the TFIIF-class in order to recruit it to the RNAP II preinitiation complex (PIC) in order to modulate transcription by RNAP II.
1138 transcription factor activity, TFIIH-class transcription factor recruiting F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a basal RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) transcription factor of the TFIIH-class in order to recruit it to the RNAP II preinitiation complex (PIC) in order to modulate transcription by RNAP II.
1139 transcription factor activity, core RNA polymerase II recruiting F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II (Pol II) complex, typically composed of twelve subunits, and with another protein, macromolecule, or complex, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way in order to facilitate the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on an RNA polymerase II promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription by RNA polymerase.
1140 transcriptional activator activity, bacterial-type RNA polymerase core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for a bacterial-type RNA polymerase in order to increase transcription by bacterial-type RNA polymerase. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.
1141 transcriptional repressor activity, bacterial-type RNA polymerase core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for a bacterial-type RNA polymerase in order to stop, prevent, or reduce the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from a bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter.
1142 mitochondrial RNA polymerase transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription by mitochondrial RNA polymerase. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.
1143 mitochondrial RNA polymerase core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence that is part of the core promoter for mitochondrial RNA polymerase in order to modulate transcription by mitochondrial RNA polymerase. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.
1144 transcription factor activity, mitochondrial RNA polymerase core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for a mitochondrial RNA polymerase in order to modulate transcription by mitochondrial RNA polymerase. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.
1145 mitochondrial RNA polymerase termination site sequence-specific DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is a terminator for mitochondrial RNA polymerase.
1146 transcription factor activity, mitochondrial RNA polymerase terminator site sequence-specific binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is a terminator for mitochondrial RNA polymerase in order to promote transcription termination by mitochondrial RNA polymerase.
1147 transcription termination site sequence-specific DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that promotes termination by RNA polymerase. The transcribed region might be described as a gene, cistron, or operon.
1148 bacterial-type RNA polymerase termination site sequence-specific DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is a terminator for bacterial-type RNA polymerase.
1149 transcription factor activity, bacterial-type RNA polymerase termination site sequence-specific binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is a termination site for bacterial-type RNA polymerase in order to promote transcription termination by bacterial-type RNA polymerase.
1150 bacterial-type RNA polymerase enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is an enhancer region that helps activate transcription of a gene or operon by a bacterial-type RNA polymerase. Enhancers for sigma-54 holoenzymes are typically located 80 to 150 base pairs upstream from the transcription start site, although they can be further away or may be downstream of the promoter. Some transcription units dependent on sigma-70 holoenzymes may also include enhancer sequences.
1151 transcription factor activity, bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcription enhancer sequence-specific binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is a bacterial-type enhancer region in order to activate transcription by bacterial-type RNA polymerase. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex. Enhancers for sigma-54 holoenzymes are typically located 80 to 150 base pairs upstream from the transcription start site. Some transcription units dependent on sigma-70 holoenzymes may also include enhancer sequences.
1152 transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase III type 1 promoter sequence-specific binding, TFIIIC recruiting F The function of binding to a specific DNA sequence motif in a type 1 RNA polymerase III (Pol III) promoter in order to recruit the transcription factor TFIIIC to the promoter.
1153 transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase III transcription factor recruiting F The function of binding to an RNA polymerase III (RNAP III) transcription factor and recruiting it to the transcription machinery complex in order to modulate transcription by RNAP III.
1154 TFIIIB-class transcription factor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase III transcription factor of the TFIIIB class, one of the factors involved in formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by RNA polymerase III.
1155 TFIIIA-class transcription factor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase III transcription factor of the TFIIIA class, one of the factors involved in formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) at type 1 promoters (5S genes) by RNA polymerase III.
1156 TFIIIC-class transcription factor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase III transcription factor of the TFIIIC class, one of the factors involved in formation of the preinitiation complex (PIC) by RNA polymerase III.
1158 enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific sequence of DNA that is part of an enhancer, a transcription regulatory region that is somewhat distal from the core promoter and which enhances transcription from that promoter.
1159 core promoter proximal region DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a region of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to the core promoter. The transcribed region might be described as a gene, cistron, or operon.
1160 transcription termination site DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a region of DNA that promotes termination by RNA polymerase. The transcribed region might be described as a gene, cistron, or operon.
1161 intronic transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an intronic DNA sequence that regulates the transcription of the transcript it is contained within.
1162 RNA polymerase II intronic transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II intronic DNA sequence that regulates the transcription of the transcript it is contained within.
1163 RNA polymerase I regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific sequence of DNA that is part of a regulatory region that controls the transcription of a gene or cistron by RNA polymerase I.
1164 RNA polymerase I CORE element sequence-specific DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the regulatory region composed of the transcription start site and binding sites for transcription factors of the RNA polymerase I transcription machinery. This site is often referred to as the CORE element. In mammalian cells, the CORE element functions in conjunction with the Upstream Control Element (UCE), while in fungi, protozoa, and plants, the CORE element functions without a UCE.
1165 RNA polymerase I upstream control element sequence-specific DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the upstream control element (UCE, or alternately referred to as the upstream element), a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase I.
1166 RNA polymerase I enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a RNA polymerase I (Pol I) enhancer. In mammalian cells, enhancers are distal sequences that increase the utilization of promoters, and can function in either orientation and in any location (upstream or downstream) relative to the core promoter.
1167 RNA polymerase I transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase I. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.
1168 transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase I upstream control element sequence-specific binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the upstream control element (UCE, or alternately referred to as the upstream element, UE), a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase I in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase I.
1169 transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase I CORE element sequence-specific binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with CORE element, a regulatory region composed of the transcription start site and binding sites for transcription factors of the RNA polymerase I transcription machinery in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase I.
1170 transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase I enhancer sequence-specific binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a RNA polymerase I (Pol I) enhancer in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase I.
1171 reverse transcription P A DNA synthesis process that uses RNA as the initial template for synthesis of DNA, but which also includes an RNase activity to remove the RNA strand of an RNA-DNA heteroduplex produced by the RNA-dependent synthesis step and use of the initial DNA strand as a template for DNA synthesis.
1172 transcription, RNA-templated P The cellular synthesis of RNA on a template of RNA.
1173 DNA-templated transcriptional start site selection P Any process involved in the selection of the specific location within the template strand of a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase promoter for hybridization of the cognate ribonucleotides and formation of first phosphodiester bond within the nascent transcript.
1174 transcriptional start site selection at RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process involved in the selection of the specific location within the template strand of an RNA polymerase II promoter for hybridization of the cognate ribonucleotides and formation of first phosphodiester bond within the nascent transcript.
1175 transcriptional start site selection at RNA polymerase III promoter P Any process involved in the selection of the specific location within the template strand of an RNA polymerase III promoter for hybridization of the cognate ribonucleotides and formation of first phosphodiester bond within the nascent transcript.
1176 transcriptional start site selection at bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter P Any process involved in the selection of the specific location within the template strand of a bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter for hybridization of the cognate ribonucleotides and formation of first phosphodiester bond within the nascent transcript.
1177 regulation of transcriptional open complex formation at RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a process involved the melting of the DNA hybrid of the core promoter region within the transcriptional closed complex of an RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex (PIC) to produce an open complex where the DNA duplex around the transcription initiation site is unwound to form the transcription bubble.
1178 regulation of transcriptional start site selection at RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a process involved in the selection of the specific location within the template strand of an RNA polymerase II promoter for hybridization of the cognate ribonucleotides and formation of first phosphodiester bond within the nascent transcript.
1179 RNA polymerase I transcription factor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase I transcription factor, any protein required to initiate or regulate transcription by RNA polymerase I.
1180 transcription initiation from RNA polymerase I promoter for nuclear large rRNA transcript P Any process involved in the assembly of the RNA polymerase I preinitiation complex (PIC) at an polymerase I promoter for the nuclear large ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcript, resulting in the subsequent synthesis of rRNA from that promoter. The initiation phase includes PIC assembly and the formation of the first few bonds in the RNA chain, including abortive initiation, which occurs when the first few nucleotides are repeatedly synthesized and then released. Promoter clearance, or release, is the transition between the initiation and elongation phases of transcription.
1181 transcription factor activity, core RNA polymerase I binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase I (RNAP I) complex, typically composed of fourteen subunits, in order to modulate transcription. A protein binding transcription factor may or may not also interact with the template nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) as well.
1182 promoter clearance from RNA polymerase I promoter P Any process involved in the transition from the initiation to the elongation phases of transcription by RNA polymerase I, generally including a conformational change from the initiation conformation to the elongation conformation. Promoter clearance often involves breaking contact with transcription factors involved only in the initiation phase and making contacts with elongation specific factors.
1183 transcription elongation from RNA polymerase I promoter for nuclear large rRNA transcript P The extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance at an RNA polymerase I promoter for the nuclear large ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcript by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by RNA polymerase I.
1184 promoter clearance from RNA polymerase I promoter for nuclear large rRNA transcript P Any process involved in the transition from the initiation to the elongation phases of transcription by RNA polymerase I at a promoter for the nuclear large ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcript, generally including a conformational change from the initiation conformation to the elongation conformation. Promoter clearance often involves breaking contact with transcription factors involved only in the initiation phase and making contacts with elongation specific factors.
1185 termination of RNA polymerase I transcription from promoter for nuclear large rRNA transcript P The process in which the synthesis of an rRNA molecule from a promoter for the nuclear large ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcript by RNA polymerase I using a DNA template is completed. RNAP I termination requires binding of a terminator protein so specific sequences downstream of the transcription unit.
1186 transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase I transcription factor recruiting F The function of binding to an RNA polymerase I (RNAP I) transcription factor and recruiting it to the transcription machinery complex in order to modulate transcription by RNAP I.
1187 transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase I CORE element binding transcription factor recruiting F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the CORE element, a regulatory region composed of the transcription start site and binding sites for transcription factors of the RNA polymerase I transcription machinery and also binding to an RNA polymerase I (RNAP I) transcription factor to recruit it to the transcription machinery complex in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase I.
1188 RNA polymerase I transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription from an RNA polymerase I promoter.
1189 RNA polymerase I transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly at the promoter for the nuclear large rRNA transcript P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on CORE promoter element DNA of the nuclear large ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcript to form a transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription from the large rRNA promoter, resulting in the subsequent synthesis of the large rRNA transcript.
1190 transcriptional activator activity, RNA polymerase II transcription factor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II transcription factor, which may be a single protein or a complex, in order to increase the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. A protein binding transcription factor may or may not also interact with the template nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) as well.
1191 transcriptional repressor activity, RNA polymerase II transcription factor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II transcription factor, which may be a single protein or a complex, in order to stop, prevent, or reduce the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. A protein binding transcription factor may or may not also interact with the template nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) as well.
1192 maintenance of transcriptional fidelity during DNA-templated transcription elongation P Suppression of the occurrence of transcriptional errors, such as substitutions and/or insertions of nucleotides that do not correctly match the template base, during the process of transcription elongation on a DNA template.
1193 maintenance of transcriptional fidelity during DNA-templated transcription elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter P Suppression of the occurrence of transcriptional errors, such as substitutions and/or insertions of nucleotides that do not correctly match the template base, during the process of transcription elongation from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
1194 maintenance of transcriptional fidelity during DNA-templated transcription elongation from bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter P Suppression of the occurrence of transcriptional errors, such as substitutions and/or insertions of nucleotides that do not correctly match the template base, during the process of transcription elongation from a bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter.
1195 maintenance of transcriptional fidelity during DNA-templated transcription elongation from RNA polymerase III promoter P Suppression of the occurrence of transcriptional errors, such as substitutions and/or insertions of nucleotides that do not correctly match the template base, during the process of transcription elongation from a RNA polymerase III promoter.
1196 regulation of mating-type specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any mating-type specific process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
1197 positive regulation of mating-type specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any mating-type specific process that activates or increases the rate of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
1198 negative regulation of mating-type specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any mating-type specific process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
1199 transcription factor activity, metal ion regulated sequence-specific DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence and interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion(s) and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of those metal ions, in such a way that metal ion binding regulates the activity of the transcription factor in order to modulate transcription by an RNA polymerase. Specific mechanisms include increasing or decreasing the ability of the transcription factor to interact selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence (for example S. cerevisiae Cup2p or the prokaryotic SmtB/ArsR family, changing the conformation of transcription factor bound DNA between the apo- and metal-bound forms of the transcription factor. Additional mechanisms may exist.
1200 RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, metal ion regulated sequence-specific DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence and interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion(s) and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of those metal ions, in such a way that metal ion binding regulates the activity of the transcription factor in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase II. Specific mechanisms include increasing or decreasing the ability of the transcription factor to interact selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence (for example S. cerevisiae Cup2p or the prokaryotic SmtB/ArsR family, changing the conformation of transcription factor bound DNA between the apo- and metal-bound forms of the transcription factor. Additional mechanisms may exist.
1201 RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, metal ion regulated core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) and interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion(s) and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of those metal ions, in such a way that metal ion binding regulates the activity of the transcription factor that binds the core promoter proximal region in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase II. Specific mechanisms include increasing or decreasing the ability of the transcription factor to interact selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence (for example S. cerevisiae Cup2p or the prokaryotic SmtB/ArsR family, changing the conformation of transcription factor bound DNA between the apo- and metal-bound forms of the transcription factor. Additional mechanisms may exist.
1202 RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, copper ion regulated core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) and interacting selectively and non-covalently with copper(I) (Cu+) ion(s) and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of copper(I) (Cu+), such a way that copper ion binding regulates the activity of the transcription factor, perhaps by regulating the ability to interact selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II), or by regulating some other function of the transcription factor, in order to modulate transcription by RNAP II.
1203 RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, zinc ion regulated core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) and interacting selectively and non-covalently with zinc (Zn) ion(s) and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of zinc (Zn), in such a way that zinc ion binding regulates the activity of the transcription factor, perhaps by regulating the ability to interact selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II), or by regulating some other function of the transcription factor, in order to modulate transcription by RNAP II.
1204 bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcription factor activity, metal ion regulated sequence-specific DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific bacterial-type transcription regulatory DNA sequence and interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion(s) and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of those metal ions, in such a way that metal ion binding regulates the activity of the transcription factor in order to modulate transcription by a bacterial-type RNA polymerase. Specific mechanisms include increasing or decreasing the ability of the transcription factor to interact selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence (for example S. cerevisiae Cup2p or the prokaryotic SmtB/ArsR family, changing the conformation of transcription factor bound DNA between the apo- and metal-bound forms of the transcription factor. Additional mechanisms may exist.
1205 transcriptional activator activity, RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in a distal enhancer region for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) in order to activate or increase the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from the RNAP II promoter.
1206 transcriptional repressor activity, RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in a distal enhancer region for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) in order to stop, prevent, or reduce the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
1207 histone displacement P The removal of histones, including histone dimers, from nucleosomes within chromatin.
1208 histone H2A-H2B dimer displacement P The removal of a H2A-H2B histone dimer from a nucleosome within chromatin.
1209 transcriptional activator activity, metal ion regulated sequence-specific DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence and interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion(s) and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of those metal ions, in such a way that metal ion binding regulates the activity of the transcription factor in order to activate or increase the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-dependent transcription by an RNA polymerase. Specific mechanisms include increasing or decreasing the ability of the transcription factor to interact selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence (for example S. cerevisiae Cup2p or the prokaryotic SmtB/ArsR family, changing the conformation of transcription factor bound DNA between the apo- and metal-bound forms of the transcription factor. Additional mechanisms may exist.
1210 transcriptional repressor activity, metal ion regulated sequence-specific DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence and interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion(s) and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of those metal ions, in such a way that metal ion binding regulates the activity of the transcription factor in order to stop, prevent, or reduce the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-dependent transcription by an RNA polymerase. Specific mechanisms include increasing or decreasing the ability of the transcription factor to interact selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence (for example S. cerevisiae Cup2p or the prokaryotic SmtB/ArsR family, changing the conformation of transcription factor bound DNA between the apo- and metal-bound forms of the transcription factor. Additional mechanisms may exist.
1211 RNA polymerase II transcriptional activator activity, copper ion regulated core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) and interacting selectively and non-covalently with copper(I) (Cu+) ion(s) and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of copper(I) (Cu+), such a way that copper ion binding regulates the activity of the transcription factor in order to activate or increase the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from the RNAP II promoter.
1212 RNA polymerase II transcriptional activator activity, zinc ion regulated core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) and interacting selectively and non-covalently with zinc (Zn) ion(s) and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of zinc (Zn), such a way that copper ion binding regulates the activity of the transcription factor in order to activate or increase the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from the RNAP II promoter.
1213 RNA polymerase II transcriptional activator activity, metal ion regulated core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) and interacting selectively and non-covalently with metal ion(s) and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of metal ion, such a way that metal ion binding regulates the activity of the transcription factor in order to activate or increase the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from the RNAP II promoter.
1214 RNA polymerase II transcriptional repressor activity, metal ion regulated core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) and interacting selectively and non-covalently with metal ion(s) and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of metal ion, such a way that metal ion binding regulates the activity of the transcription factor in order to stop, prevent, or reduce the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
1215 bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcriptional activator activity, metal ion regulated sequence-specific DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific bacterial-type transcription regulatory DNA sequence and interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion(s) and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of those metal ions, in such a way that metal ion binding regulates the activity of the transcription factor in order to activate or increase the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-dependent transcription by a bacterial-type RNA polymerase. Specific mechanisms include increasing or decreasing the ability of the transcription factor to interact selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence (for example S. cerevisiae Cup2p or the prokaryotic SmtB/ArsR family, changing the conformation of transcription factor bound DNA between the apo- and metal-bound forms of the transcription factor. Additional mechanisms may exist.
1216 bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcriptional activator activity, sequence-specific DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to activate or increase the frequency, rate or extent of transcription by bacterial-type RNA polymerase. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.
1217 bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcriptional repressor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to stop, prevent, or reduce the frequency, rate or extent of transcription by bacterial-type RNA polymerase. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.
1218 bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcriptional repressor activity, metal ion regulated sequence-specific DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific bacterial-type transcription regulatory DNA sequence and interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion(s) and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of those metal ions, in such a way that metal ion binding regulates the activity of the transcription factor in order to stop, prevent, or reduce the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-dependent transcription by a bacterial-type RNA polymerase. Specific mechanisms include increasing or decreasing the ability of the transcription factor to interact selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence (for example S. cerevisiae Cup2p or the prokaryotic SmtB/ArsR family, changing the conformation of transcription factor bound DNA between the apo- and metal-bound forms of the transcription factor. Additional mechanisms may exist.
1219 bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcriptional repressor activity, copper ion regulated sequence-specific DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific bacterial-type transcription regulatory DNA sequence and interacting selectively and non-covalently with copper(I) (Cu+) ion(s) and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of copper(I) (Cu+), in such a way that copper ion binding regulates the activity of the transcription factor in order to stop, prevent, or reduce the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-dependent transcription by a bacterial-type RNA polymerase.
1220 bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcriptional repressor activity, cadmium ion regulated sequence-specific DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific bacterial-type transcription regulatory DNA sequence and interacting selectively and non-covalently with cadmium (Cd) ion(s) and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of cadmium (Cd), in such a way that cadmium (Cd) ion binding regulates the activity of the transcription factor in order to stop, prevent, or reduce the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-dependent transcription by a bacterial-type RNA polymerase.
1221 transcription cofactor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a transcription cofactor, any protein involved in regulation of transcription via protein-protein interactions with transcription factors and other transcription regulatory proteins. Cofactors do not bind DNA directly, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between regulatory transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery.
1222 transcription corepressor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a transcription corepressor, any protein involved in negative regulation of transcription via protein-protein interactions with transcription factors and other proteins that negatively regulate transcription. Transcription corepressors do not bind DNA directly, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between repressing transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery.
1223 transcription coactivator binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a transcription coactivator, any protein involved in positive regulation of transcription via protein-protein interactions with transcription factors and other proteins that positively regulate transcription. Transcription coactivators do not bind DNA directly, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between activating transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery.
1224 RNA polymerase II transcription cofactor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a transcription cofactor for RNA polymerase II, any protein involved in regulation of transcription via protein-protein interactions with RNA polymerase II transcription factors and other transcription regulatory proteins. Cofactors do not bind DNA directly, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between regulatory transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery of RNA polymerase II.
1225 RNA polymerase II transcription coactivator binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II transcription coactivator, any protein involved in positive regulation of transcription of RNA polymerase II via protein-protein interactions with transcription factors and other proteins that positively regulate transcription. Transcription coactivators do not bind DNA directly, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between activating transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery of RNA polymerase II.
1226 RNA polymerase II transcription corepressor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II transcription corepressor, any protein involved in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II via protein-protein interactions with transcription factors and other proteins that negatively regulate transcription. Transcription corepressors do not bind DNA directly, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between repressing transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery of RNA polymerase II.
1227 transcriptional repressor activity, RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in the regulatory region for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) in order to stop, prevent, or reduce the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
1228 transcriptional activator activity, RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in the transcription regulatory region for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) in order to activate or increase the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from the RNAP II promoter.
1300 chronological cell aging P The process associated with progression of the cell from its inception to the end of its lifespan that occurs when the cell is in a non-dividing, or quiescent, state.
1301 progressive alteration of chromatin involved in cell aging P Any chromatin organization process that occurs during the lifespan of the cell that results in changes in chromatin structure. Such changes may lead to gene dysregulation and ultimately to a loss in cell homeostasis, bringing about an aging phenotype.
1302 replicative cell aging P The process associated with progression of the cell from its inception to the end of its lifespan that occurs as the cell continues cycles of growth and division.
1303 nucleolar fragmentation involved in replicative aging P A nucleolar fragmentation process that gives rise to multiple rounded structures and that occurs in conjunction with increasing age in dividing cells.
1304 progressive alteration of chromatin involved in replicative cell aging P A process that results in changes in chromatin structure contributing to replicative cell aging.
1305 progressive alteration of chromatin involved in chronological cell aging P A process that results in changes in chromatin structure contributing to chronological cell aging, occurring in non-dividing cells.
1306 age-dependent response to oxidative stress P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, where the change varies according to the age of the cell or organism.
1307 extrachromosomal circular DNA accumulation involved in replicative cell aging P Increase in abundance of circular DNA molecules in dividing cells as they age. These molecules originate in the chromosome but are excised and circularized, often by intramolecular homologous recombination between direct tandem repeats, and then replicated independently of chromosomal replication.
1308 negative regulation of chromatin silencing involved in replicative cell aging P The process, which occurs as a dividing cell ages, leading to expression of genes that are typically not expressed due to silencing by regulatory proteins.
1310 extrachromosomal rDNA circle accumulation involved in replicative cell aging P Increase in abundance of circular DNA molecules containing ribosomal DNA repeats in dividing cells as they age. These molecules originate in the chromosome but are excised and circularized, often by intramolecular homologous recombination between direct tandem repeats, and then replicated independently of chromosomal replication.
1311 formation of extrachromosomal circular rDNA by homologous recombination involved in replicative cell aging P Excision from the chromosome and circularization of DNA molecules encoding ribosomal RNA in dividing cells as they age.
1312 replication of extrachromosomal rDNA circles involved in replicative cell aging P Replication of rDNA following its excision from the chromosome of dividing cells as they age. Extrachromosomal rDNA forms a circle that contains at least one autonomously replicating sequence (ARS), which supports replication independent of chromosomal replication.
1313 formation of extrachromosomal circular DNA involved in replicative cell aging P Excision from the chromosome and circularization of a region of chromosomal DNA, generally, but not always, via homologous recombination between direct tandem repeats, in dividing cells as they age.
1314 replication of extrachromosomal circular DNA involved in replicative cell aging P Replication of circular DNA following excision from the chromosome of dividing cells as they age; replication of extrachromosomal circular DNA generally occurs independently of chromosomal replication.
1315 age-dependent response to reactive oxygen species P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of reactive oxygen species, where the change varies according to the age of the cell or organism.
1316 age-dependent response to reactive oxygen species involved in replicative cell aging P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) occurring during the process of replicative cell aging as a result of reactive oxygen species, where the change varies according to the age of the cell or organism.
1317 accumulation of oxidatively modified proteins involved in replicative cell aging P Accumulation of proteins that have undergone reactions with reactive oxygen species in aging dividing cells and exhibit modifications such as increased protein carbonyl content, oxidized methionine, protein hydrophobicity, and cross-linking.
1318 formation of oxidatively modified proteins involved in replicative cell aging P Chemical reaction, between proteins and reactive oxygen species, that occurs in dividing cells as they age and leads to a variety of changes in the affected proteins, including increases in protein carbonyl content, oxidized methionine, protein hydrophobicity, and cross-linking.
1319 inheritance of oxidatively modified proteins involved in replicative cell aging P A protein localization process in which progeny cells acquire, or are barred from acquiring, proteins that have been altered by reaction with reactive oxygen species in dividing aging cells.
1320 age-dependent response to reactive oxygen species involved in chronological cell aging P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) occurring in non-dividing cells as they age as a result of reactive oxygen species, where the change varies according to the age of the cell or organism.
1321 age-dependent general metabolic decline involved in replicative cell aging P A process of general metabolic decline that arises in dividing cells as they age, and alters cellular metabolism to cause a decline in cell function.
1322 age-dependent response to oxidative stress involved in replicative cell aging P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) occurring in dividing cells as they age as a result of oxidative stress, where the change varies according to the age of the cell or organism.
1323 age-dependent general metabolic decline involved in chronological cell aging P A process of general metabolic decline that arises in non-dividing cells as they age, and alters cellular metabolism to cause a decline in cell function.
1324 age-dependent response to oxidative stress involved in chronological cell aging P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) occurring in non-dividing cells as they age as a result of oxidative stress, where the change varies according to the age of the cell or organism.
1325 formation of extrachromosomal circular DNA P Excision from the chromosome and circularization of a region of chromosomal DNA, generally, but not always, via homologous recombination between direct tandem repeats.
1326 replication of extrachromosomal circular DNA P Replication of circular DNA following excision from the chromosome; replication of extrachromosomal circular DNA generally occurs independently of chromosomal replication.
1400 mating projection base C The region where the mating projection meets the bulk of the cell, in unicellular fungi exposed to mating pheromone.
1401 mitochondrial sorting and assembly machinery complex C A large complex of the mitochondrial outer membrane that mediates sorting of some imported proteins to the outer membrane and their assembly in the membrane; functions after import of incoming proteins by the mitochondrial outer membrane translocase complex.
1402 signal transduction involved in filamentous growth P Relaying of environmental signals promoting filamentous growth.
1403 invasive growth in response to glucose limitation P A growth pattern exhibited by budding haploid cells under certain growth conditions, in which cells retain the typical axial budding pattern of haploids, but become elongated and fail to separate after division; during growth on a solid substrate, this results in penetration of cells into the agar medium. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
1405 presequence translocase-associated import motor C Protein complex located on the matrix side of the mitochondrial inner membrane and associated with the presequence translocase complex; hydrolyzes ATP to provide the force to drive import of proteins into the mitochondrial matrix.
1406 glycerophosphodiester transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of glycerophosphodiesters from one side of a membrane to the other. Glycerophosphodiesters are small molecules composed of glycerol-3-phosphate and an alcohol, for example, glycerophosphoinositol.
1407 glycerophosphodiester transport P The directed movement of glycerophosphodiesters into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Glycerophosphodiesters are small molecules composed of glycerol-3-phosphate and an alcohol, for example, glycerophosphoinositol.
1408 guanine nucleotide transport P The directed movement of guanine nucleotides, GTP, GDP, and/or GMP, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
1409 guanine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of guanine nucleotides (GMP, GDP, and GTP) from one side of the membrane to the other.
1410 chlamydospore formation P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the chlamydospore over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A chlamydospores is a mitotic (asexual) one-celled spore, produced primarily for survival, not dispersal, originating endogenously and singly within part of a pre-existing cell and possessing an inner secondary and often thickened cell wall. An example of this is found in Candida albicans.
1411 hyphal tip C The end, or tip, of a fungal hypha, where polarized growth occurs during hyphal elongation.
1501 skeletal system development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skeleton is the bony framework of the body in vertebrates (endoskeleton) or the hard outer envelope of insects (exoskeleton or dermoskeleton).
1502 cartilage condensation P The condensation of mesenchymal cells that have been committed to differentiate into chondrocytes.
1503 ossification P The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance.
1504 neurotransmitter uptake P The directed movement of neurotransmitters into neurons or glial cells. This process leads to inactivation and recycling of neurotransmitters.
1505 regulation of neurotransmitter levels P Any process that modulates levels of neurotransmitter.
1507 acetylcholine catabolic process in synaptic cleft P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetylcholine that occurs in the synaptic cleft during synaptic transmission.
1508 action potential P A process in which membrane potential cycles through a depolarizing spike, triggered in response to depolarization above some threshold, followed by repolarization. This cycle is driven by the flow of ions through various voltage gated channels with different thresholds and ion specificities.
1510 RNA methylation P Posttranscriptional addition of a methyl group to either a nucleotide or 2'-O ribose in a polyribonucleotide. Usually uses S-adenosylmethionine as a cofactor.
1512 dihydronicotinamide riboside quinone reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,4-dihydronicotinamide + a quinone = 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)nicotinamide + a hydroquinone.
1514 selenocysteine incorporation P The incorporation of selenocysteine into a peptide; uses a special tRNA that recognizes the UGA codon as selenocysteine, rather than as a termination codon. Selenocysteine is synthesized from serine before its incorporation; it is not a posttranslational modification of peptidyl-cysteine.
1515 opioid peptide activity F Naturally occurring peptide that is an opioid (any non-alkaloid having an opiate-like effect that can be reversed by naloxone or other recognized morphine antagonist). These include Leu- and Met-enkephalin, dynorphin and neoendorphin, alpha, beta, gamma and delta endorphins formed from beta-lipotropin, various pronase-resistant peptides such as beta casamorphin, and other peptides whose opiate-like action seems to be indirect.
1516 prostaglandin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostaglandins, any of a group of biologically active metabolites which contain a cyclopentane ring.
1517 N-acetylglucosamine 6-O-sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-sulfate.
1518 voltage-gated sodium channel complex C A sodium channel in a cell membrane whose opening is governed by the membrane potential.
1519 peptide amidation P The posttranslational conversion of C-terminal glycine-extended peptides to C-terminal alpha-amidated peptides. Occurs to over half of all peptide hormones to give bioactive peptides. This is a two step process catalyzed by a peptidyl-glycine alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase and a peptidyl-alpha-hydroxyglycine alpha-amidating lyase. In some organisms, this process is catalyzed by two separate enzymes, whereas in higher organisms, one polypeptide catalyzes both reactions.
1520 outer dense fiber C A supramolecular fiber found in the flagella of mammalian sperm that surrounds the nine microtubule doublets. These dense fibers are stiff and noncontractile. In human, they consist of about 10 major and at least 15 minor proteins, where all major proteins are ODF1, ODF2 or ODF2-related proteins.
1522 pseudouridine synthesis P The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine within an RNA molecule. This posttranscriptional base modification occurs in tRNA, rRNA, and snRNAs.
1523 retinoid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinoids, any member of a class of isoprenoids that contain or are derived from four prenyl groups linked head-to-tail. Retinoids include retinol and retinal and structurally similar natural derivatives or synthetic compounds, but need not have vitamin A activity.
1525 angiogenesis P Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels.
1527 microfibril C Extracellular matrix components occurring independently or along with elastin. Thought to have force-bearing functions in tendon. In addition to fibrillins, microfibrils may contain other associated proteins.
1530 lipopolysaccharide binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with lipopolysaccharide.
1531 interleukin-21 receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-21 receptor.
1532 interleukin-21 receptor activity F Combining with interleukin-21 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
1533 cornified envelope C A type of plasma membrane that has been modified through addition of distinct intracellular and extracellular components, including ceramide, found in cornifying epithelial cells (corneocytes).
1534 radial spoke C Protein complex that links the outer microtubule doublet of the ciliary or flagellum axoneme with the sheath that surrounds the central pair of microtubules. Composed of a stalk that attaches to each doublet microtubule and a globular structure (spoke head) that projects toward the central pair of microtubules.
1535 radial spoke head C Protein complex forming part of eukaryotic flagellar apparatus.
1536 radial spoke stalk C Globular portion of the radial spoke that projects towards the central pair of microtubules.
1537 N-acetylgalactosamine 4-O-sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + N-acetyl-D-galactosamine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate.
1539 cilium or flagellum-dependent cell motility P Cell motility due to movement of eukaryotic cilia or bacterial-type flagella or archaeal-type flagella.
1540 beta-amyloid binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with beta-amyloid peptide/protein and/or its precursor.
1541 ovarian follicle development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ovarian follicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
1542 ovulation from ovarian follicle P The process leading to the rupture of the follicle, releasing the centrally located oocyte into the oviduct. An example of this is found in Mus musculus.
1543 ovarian follicle rupture P Disruption of theca cell layer releasing follicular fluid and/or the oocyte.
1544 initiation of primordial ovarian follicle growth P Increase in size of primordial follicles including proliferation and shape changes of granulosa and/or theca cells until oocyte is surrounded by one layer of cuboidal shaped granulosa cells (primary follicle).
1545 primary ovarian follicle growth P Increase in size of primary follicles including oocyte growth and granulosa and/or theca cell proliferation until more than one layer of granulosa cells is present (preantral follicle).
1546 preantral ovarian follicle growth P Increase in size of follicles surrounded by two or more layers of granulosa cells up to the onset of antrum formation.
1547 antral ovarian follicle growth P Increase in size of antral follicles due to cell proliferation and/or growth of the antral cavity.
1548 follicular fluid formation in ovarian follicle antrum P The menstrual cycle process that results in the formation of one central cavity separating the oocyte/cumulus complex from mural granulosa and theca cells during the various stages of oogenesis.
1549 cumulus cell differentiation P The process in which a subpopulation of granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte acquires the specialized features of an ovarian cumulus cell.
1550 ovarian cumulus expansion P Increase in size of the cumulus surrounding the oocyte including change in morphology due to proliferation and dispersion of cumulus cells.
1551 ovarian follicle endowment P Association of oocytes with supporting epithelial granulosa cells to form primordial follicles.
1552 ovarian follicle atresia P A periodic process in which immature ovarian follicles degenerate and are subsequently re-absorbed.
1553 luteinization P The set of processes resulting in differentiation of theca and granulosa cells into luteal cells and in the formation of a corpus luteum after ovulation.
1554 luteolysis P The lysis or structural demise of the corpus luteum. During normal luteolysis, two closely related events occur. First, there is loss of the capacity to synthesize and secrete progesterone (functional luteolysis) followed by loss of the cells that comprise the corpus luteum (structural luteolysis). Preventing luteolysis is crucial to maintain pregnancy.
1555 oocyte growth P The developmental growth process in which an oocyte irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present.
1556 oocyte maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an oocyte to attain its fully functional state. Oocyte maturation commences after reinitiation of meiosis commonly starting with germinal vesicle breakdown, and continues up to the second meiotic arrest prior to fertilization.
1558 regulation of cell growth P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth.
1559 regulation of cell growth by detection of nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio P Any process in which the size of the nucleus with respect to the cytoplasm modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell growth, the irreversible increase in size of a cell over time.
1560 regulation of cell growth by extracellular stimulus P Any process in which external signals modulate the frequency, rate or extent of cell growth, the irreversible increase in size of a cell over time.
1561 fatty acid alpha-oxidation P A metabolic pathway by which 3-methyl branched fatty acids are degraded. These compounds are not degraded by the normal peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway, because the 3-methyl blocks the dehydrogenation of the hydroxyl group by hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase. The 3-methyl branched fatty acid is converted in several steps to pristenic acid, which can then feed into the beta-oxidative pathway.
1562 response to protozoan P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a protozoan.
1563 detection of protozoan P The series of events in which a stimulus from a protozoan is received and converted into a molecular signal.
1565 phorbol ester receptor activity F Combining with a phorbol ester and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.
1566 non-kinase phorbol ester receptor activity F Combining with a phorbol ester and transmitting the signal by a mechanism independent of kinase activity.
1567 cholesterol 25-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + cholesterol + O(2) = 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H(2)O.
1568 blood vessel development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a blood vessel over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood.
1569 branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis P The process of coordinated growth and sprouting of blood vessels giving rise to the organized vascular system.
1570 vasculogenesis P The differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells during blood vessel development, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes.
1571 non-tyrosine kinase fibroblast growth factor receptor activity F Combining with fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other by a mechanism independent of tyrosine kinase activity.
1572 lactosylceramide biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactosylceramides, Gal-beta-(1->4)-Glc-beta(1->1') ceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic C1 hydroxyl group of lactose by a ceramide group. They are the precursors of both gangliosides and globosides.
1573 ganglioside metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving ceramide oligosaccharides carrying in addition to other sugar residues, one or more sialic acid residues.
1574 ganglioside biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ceramide oligosaccharides carrying in addition to other sugar residues, one or more sialic acid residues.
1575 globoside metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving globosides, globotetraosylceramides, ceramides containing a core structure of GalNAc-beta-(1->3)-Gal-alpha-(1->4)-Glc(I). Globosides are the major neutral glycosphingolipid in normal kidneys and erythrocytes.
1576 globoside biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ceramide with a core structure of GalNAc-beta-(1->3)-Gal-alpha-(1->4)-Glc(I).
1578 microtubule bundle formation P A process that results in a parallel arrangement of microtubules.
1579 medium-chain fatty acid transport P The directed movement of medium-chain fatty acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A medium-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length of between C6 and C12.
1580 detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste P The series of events required for a bitter taste stimulus to be received and converted to a molecular signal.
1581 detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of sour taste P The series of events required for a sour taste stimulus to be received and converted to a molecular signal.
1582 detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of sweet taste P The series of events required for a sweet taste stimulus to be received and converted to a molecular signal.
1583 detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of salty taste P The series of events required for a salty taste stimulus to be received and converted to a molecular signal.
1586 Gi/o-coupled serotonin receptor activity F Combining with serotonin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activation of the Gi/o subunit of an associated cytoplasmic heterotrimeric G protein complex. The Gi/o subunit subsequently inhibits adenylate cyclase and results in a decrease in cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels.
1587 Gq/11-coupled serotonin receptor activity F Combining with serotonin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activation of the Gq/11 subunit of an associated cytoplasmic heterotrimeric G protein complex. The Gq/11 subunit subsequently activates phospholipase C and results in an increase in inositol triphosphate (IP3) levels.
1588 dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity, coupled via Gs F Combining with the neurotransmitter dopamine and activating adenylate cyclase via coupling to Gs to initiate a change in cell activity.
1591 dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity, coupled via Gi/Go F Combining with the neurotransmitter dopamine and activating adenylate cyclase via coupling to Gi/Go to initiate a change in cell activity.
1594 trace-amine receptor activity F Combining with a trace amine to initiate a change in cell activity. Trace amines are biogenic amines that are synthesized from aromatic amino acids and are substrates for monoamine oxidase, and are therefore detectable only at trace levels in mammals.
1595 angiotensin receptor activity F Combining with angiotensin to initiate a change in cell activity.
1596 angiotensin type I receptor activity F An angiotensin receptor activity that acts via Gq-mediated activation of phospholipase C followed by phosphoinositide hydrolysis and Ca2+ signaling, and may act via additional signaling mechanisms.
1601 peptide YY receptor activity F Combining with gut peptide YY to initiate a change in cell activity.
1602 pancreatic polypeptide receptor activity F Combining with pancreatic polypeptide PP to initiate a change in cell activity.
1604 urotensin II receptor activity F Combining with urotensin II to initiate a change in cell activity.
1605 adrenomedullin receptor activity F Combining with adrenomedullin to initiate a change in cell activity.
1607 neuromedin U receptor activity F Combining with neuromedin U to initiate a change in cell activity.
1608 G-protein coupled nucleotide receptor activity F Combining with a nucleotide and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
1609 G-protein coupled adenosine receptor activity F Combining with adenosine and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
1614 purinergic nucleotide receptor activity F Combining with a purine nucleotide and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
1616 growth hormone secretagogue receptor activity F Combining with ghrelin to initiate a change in cell activity.
1618 virus receptor activity F Combining with a virus component and mediating entry of the virus into the cell.
1621 ADP receptor activity F Combining with ADP and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
1626 nociceptin receptor activity F Combining with the peptide nociceptin, and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein.
1631 cysteinyl leukotriene receptor activity F Combining with a cysteinyl leukotriene to initiate a change in cell activity. Cysteinyl leukotrienes are leukotrienes that contain a peptide group based on cysteine.
1632 leukotriene B4 receptor activity F Combining with leukotriene B4, LTB4, to initiate a change in cell activity. Leukotriene B4 is also known as (6Z, 8E, 10E, 14Z)-(5S, 12R)-5,12-dihydroxyicosa-6,8,10,14-tetraen-1-oate.
1634 pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide receptor activity F A G-protein coupled receptor that interacts with pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide.
1635 calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor activity F Combining with a calcitonin gene-related polypeptide (CGRP) to initiate a change in cell activity.
1637 G-protein coupled chemoattractant receptor activity F Combining with a chemoattractant and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
1639 PLC activating G-protein coupled glutamate receptor activity F A G-protein coupled receptor that binds glutamate and is linked to the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate/calcium signaling system.
1640 adenylate cyclase inhibiting G-protein coupled glutamate receptor activity F Combining with glutamate and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex to inhibit downstream adenylate cyclase activity.
1641 group II metabotropic glutamate receptor activity F A G-protein coupled receptor that is activated by trans-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (t-ACPD) and inhibits adenylate cyclase activity.
1642 group III metabotropic glutamate receptor activity F A G-protein coupled receptor that is activated by L-AP-4 and inhibits adenylate cyclase activity.
1646 cAMP receptor activity F Combining with cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
1647 G-protein coupled cytokinin receptor activity F Combining with cytokinin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
1648 proteinase activated receptor activity F A G-protein coupled peptide receptor activity that is initiated by cleavage of the N terminus of the receptor by a serine protease, resulting in the generation of a new tethered ligand that interacts with the receptor.
1649 osteoblast differentiation P The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an osteoblast, a mesodermal or neural crest cell that gives rise to bone.
1650 fibrillar center C A structure found most metazoan nucleoli, but not usually found in lower eukaryotes; surrounded by the dense fibrillar component; the zone of transcription from multiple copies of the pre-rRNA genes is in the border region between these two structures.
1651 dense fibrillar component C A structure found in the nucleolus, which contains newly synthesized preribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) and a collection of proteins.
1652 granular component C A structure found in the nucleolus, which contains nearly completed preribosomal particles destined for the cytoplasm.
1653 peptide receptor activity F Combining with an extracellular or intracellular peptide to initiate a change in cell activity.
1654 eye development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The eye is the organ of sight.
1655 urogenital system development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the urogenital system over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
1656 metanephros development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the metanephros is the excretory organ of the fetus, which develops into the mature kidney and is formed from the rear portion of the nephrogenic cord. The metanephros is an endocrine and metabolic organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.
1657 ureteric bud development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ureteric bud over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
1658 branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis P The process in which the branching structure of the ureteric bud is generated and organized. The ureteric bud is an epithelial tube that grows out from the metanephric duct. The bud elongates and branches to give rise to the ureter and kidney collecting tubules.
1659 temperature homeostasis P A homeostatic process in which an organism modulates its internal body temperature.
1660 fever generation P The heat generation process that results in a rise in body temperature above the normal, often as a response to infection.
1661 conditioned taste aversion P A conditioned aversion to a specific chemical compound as a result of that compound being coupled with a noxious stimulus.
1662 behavioral fear response P An acute behavioral change resulting from a perceived external threat.
1664 G-protein coupled receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a G-protein coupled receptor.
1665 alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate + glycano-(1->3)-(N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl)-glycoprotein = CMP + glycano-[(2->6)-alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl]-(N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl)-glycoprotein.
1666 response to hypoxia P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level.
1667 ameboidal-type cell migration P Cell migration that is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium.
1669 acrosomal vesicle C A structure in the head of a spermatozoon that contains acid hydrolases, and is concerned with the breakdown of the outer membrane of the ovum during fertilization. It lies just beneath the plasma membrane and is derived from the lysosome.
1671 ATPase activator activity F Binds to and increases the ATP hydrolysis activity of an ATPase.
1672 regulation of chromatin assembly or disassembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin assembly or disassembly.
1673 male germ cell nucleus C The nucleus of a male germ cell, a reproductive cell in males.
1674 female germ cell nucleus C The nucleus of the female germ cell, a reproductive cell in females.
1675 acrosome assembly P The formation of the acrosome from the spermatid Golgi.
1676 long-chain fatty acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving long-chain fatty acids, A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.
1677 formation of translation initiation ternary complex P Formation of a complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2 (either eIF2 in eukaryotes, or IF2 in prokaryotes). In prokaryotes, fMet-tRNA (initiator) is used rather than Met-tRNA (initiator).
1678 cellular glucose homeostasis P A cellular homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of glucose within a cell or between a cell and its external environment.
1680 tRNA 3'-terminal CCA addition P Post-transcriptional addition of the terminal 3' CCA sequence to a tRNA which does not encode this sequence within the primary transcript. CCA addition proceeds by the sequential addition of CTP, CTP, and then ATP to the 3' end of the tRNA, yielding a diphosphate with each nucleotide addition.
1681 sialate O-acetylesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-O-acetylneuraminate (free or glycosidically bound) + H2O = N-acetylneuraminate + acetate.
1682 tRNA 5'-leader removal P Generation of the mature 5'-end of the tRNA, usually via an endonucleolytic cleavage by RNase P.
1691 pseudophosphatase activity F Maintains the phosphorylation state of certain molecules by associating with them and preventing them from associating with active phosphatases, and thus inhibiting the enzyme activity without interacting with the enzyme. Often pertains to proteins belonging to dual-specificity phosphatase family but lacking critical active site residues.
1692 histamine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving histamine, a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans.
1694 histamine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of histamine, a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans.
1695 histamine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histamine, a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans.
1696 gastric acid secretion P The regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion.
1697 histamine-induced gastric acid secretion P The regulated release of gastric acid induced by the interaction of histamine with H2 type receptor receptors with subsequent activation of adenylate cyclase and elevation of intracellular cyclic AMP.
1698 gastrin-induced gastric acid secretion P The regulated release of gastric acid induced by the interaction of gastrin with its receptor.
1699 acetylcholine-induced gastric acid secretion P The regulated release of gastric acid by parietal cells in response to acetylcholine.
1700 embryonic development via the syncytial blastoderm P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo over time, from zygote formation through syncytial blastoderm to the hatching of the first instar larva. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
1701 in utero embryonic development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo in the uterus over time, from formation of the zygote in the oviduct, to birth. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.
1702 gastrulation with mouth forming second P A gastrulation process in which the initial invagination becomes the anus and the mouth forms second.
1703 gastrulation with mouth forming first P A gastrulation process in which the initial invagination becomes the mouth and the anus forms second.
1704 formation of primary germ layer P The formation of the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm during gastrulation.
1705 ectoderm formation P The formation of ectoderm during gastrulation.
1706 endoderm formation P The formation of the endoderm during gastrulation.
1707 mesoderm formation P The process that gives rise to the mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts.
1708 cell fate specification P The process involved in the specification of cell identity. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment.
1709 cell fate determination P A process involved in cell fate commitment. Once determination has taken place, a cell becomes committed to differentiate down a particular pathway regardless of its environment.
1710 mesodermal cell fate commitment P The cell differentiation process that results in commitment of a cell to become part of the mesoderm.
1711 endodermal cell fate commitment P The cell differentiation process that results in commitment of a cell to become part of the endoderm.
1712 ectodermal cell fate commitment P The cell differentiation process that results in commitment of a cell to become part of the ectoderm.
1713 ectodermal cell fate determination P The cell fate determination process that results in a cell becoming capable of differentiating autonomously into an ectoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
1714 endodermal cell fate specification P The cell fate determination process that results in a cell becoming capable of differentiating autonomously into an endoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
1715 ectodermal cell fate specification P The cell fate determination process that results in a cell becoming becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an ectoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
1716 L-amino-acid oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a L-amino acid + H2O + O2 = a 2-oxo acid + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide.
1717 conversion of seryl-tRNAsec to selenocys-tRNAsec P The modification process that results in the conversion of serine, carried by a specialized tRNA(ser) (which can read a UGA anticodon), to selenocysteine.
1720 conversion of lysyl-tRNA to pyrrolysyl-tRNA P The modification process that results in the conversion of lysine, carried by a specialized lysine-accepting tRNA (possessing a CUA anticodon), to pyrrolysine (a lysine with an amide linkage to a (4R,5R)-4-substituted pyrroline-5-carboxylate).
1725 stress fiber C A contractile actin filament bundle that consists of short actin filaments with alternating polarity, cross-linked by alpha-actinin and possibly other actin bundling proteins, and with myosin present in a periodic distribution along the fiber.
1726 ruffle C Projection at the leading edge of a crawling cell; the protrusions are supported by a microfilament meshwork.
1727 lipid kinase activity F Catalysis of the phosphorylation of a simple or complex lipid.
1729 ceramide kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + ceramide = ADP + ceramide-1-phosphate.
1730 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP = pppA(2'p5'A)n oligomers. This reaction requires the binding of double-stranded RNA.
1731 formation of translation preinitiation complex P The joining of the small ribosomal subunit, ternary complex, and mRNA.
1732 formation of cytoplasmic translation initiation complex P Joining of the large subunit, with release of IF2/eIF2 and IF3/eIF3. This leaves the functional ribosome at the AUG, with the methionyl/formyl-methionyl-tRNA positioned at the P site.
1733 galactosylceramide sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + a galactosylceramide = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + a galactosylceramidesulfate.
1734 mRNA (N6-adenosine)-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + RRACH = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + RRm6ACH; R is a purine, and H is C, A, or U.
1735 prenylcysteine oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-prenyl-L-cysteine + O2 + H2O = a prenal + L-cysteine + H2O2.
1736 establishment of planar polarity P Coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of an epithelium, such that they all orient to similar coordinates.
1737 establishment of imaginal disc-derived wing hair orientation P Orientation of hairs in the imaginal disc-derived wing along a proximal-distal axis, such that each cell of the wing produces one wing hair which points in a distal direction.
1738 morphogenesis of a polarized epithelium P The morphogenetic process in which the anatomical structures of a polarized epithelium are generated and organized. A polarized epithelium is an epithelium where the epithelial sheet is oriented with respect to the planar axis.
1739 sex chromatin C Chromatin that is part of a sex chromosome.
1740 Barr body C A structure found in a female mammalian cell containing an unpaired X chromosome that has become densely heterochromatic, silenced and localized at the nuclear periphery.
1741 XY body C A structure found in a male mammalian spermatocyte containing an unpaired X chromosome that has become densely heterochromatic, silenced and localized at the nuclear periphery.
1742 oenocyte differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an oenocyte. Oenocytes are large secretory cells found in clusters underlying the epidermis of larval abdominal segments.
1743 optic placode formation P The initial developmental process that will lead to the formation of an eye.
1744 optic lobe placode formation P Establishment of the optic placode, a thickened area of densely packed ectoderm cells directly overlying the optic vesicle in the early embryo. In Drosophila, for example, the placode appears in the dorsolateral region of the head in late stage 11 embryos and is the precursor to the larval visual system.
1745 compound eye morphogenesis P The morphogenetic process in which the anatomical structures of the compound eye are generated and organized. The adult compound eye is a precise assembly of 700-800 ommatidia. Each ommatidium is composed of 20 cells, identified by cell type and position. An example of compound eye morphogenesis is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
1746 Bolwig's organ morphogenesis P The morphogenetic process in which the anatomical structures of the larval eye in Drosophila are generated and organized. The larval eye in Drosophila is a relatively simple sensory system composed of Bolwig's organs: two clusters, each composed of 12 photoreceptor cells from which axons extend in a single fascicle to the brain.
1748 optic lobe placode development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the optic placode over time, from its formation to the mature structure. During embryonic stage 12 the placode starts to invaginate, forming a pouch. Cells that will form Bolwig's organ segregate from the ventral lip of this pouch, remaining in the head epidermis. The remainder of the invagination loses contact with the outer surface and becomes the optic lobe. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
1750 photoreceptor outer segment C The outer segment of a vertebrate photoreceptor that contains discs of photoreceptive membranes.
1751 compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an eye photoreceptor cell.
1752 compound eye photoreceptor fate commitment P The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a compound eye photoreceptor cell. A photoreceptor cell is a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation. Different classes of photoreceptor have different spectral sensitivities and express different photosensitive pigments.
1754 eye photoreceptor cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell, as found in the eye, the primary visual organ of most organisms.
1755 neural crest cell migration P The characteristic movement of cells from the dorsal ridge of the neural tube to a variety of locations in a vertebrate embryo.
1756 somitogenesis P The formation of mesodermal clusters that are arranged segmentally along the anterior posterior axis of an embryo.
1757 somite specification P The process in which individual somites establish identity during embryogenesis.
1758 retinal dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: retinal + NAD+ + H2O = retinoate + NADH. Acts on both 11-trans and 13-cis forms of retinal.
1759 organ induction P The interaction of two or more cells or tissues that causes them to change their fates and specify the development of an organ.
1760 aminocarboxymuconate-semialdehyde decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate 6-semialdehyde + H(+) = 2-aminomuconate 6-semialdehyde + CO(2).
1761 beta-alanine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of beta-alanine from one side of a membrane to the other. Beta-alanine is 3-aminopropanoic acid.
1762 beta-alanine transport P The directed movement of beta-alanine, 3-aminopropanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
1763 morphogenesis of a branching structure P The process in which the anatomical structures of branches are generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem. Examples in animals would include blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics and other endothelial or epithelial tubes.
1764 neuron migration P The characteristic movement of an immature neuron from germinal zones to specific positions where they will reside as they mature.
1765 membrane raft assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a membrane raft, a small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalizes cellular processes.
1766 membrane raft polarization P The clustering and aggregation of membrane rafts at a single cellular pole during activation of particular cell types, such as lymphocytes.
1767 establishment of lymphocyte polarity P The directed orientation of lymphocyte signaling molecules and associated membrane rafts towards a chemokine gradient or a contact point with an appropriate activating cell.
1768 establishment of T cell polarity P The directed orientation of T cell signaling molecules and associated membrane rafts towards a chemokine gradient or a contact point with antigen presenting cell.
1769 establishment of B cell polarity P The directed orientation of B cell signaling molecules and associated membrane rafts towards a chemokine gradient of a contact point with an antigen displaying cell.
1770 establishment of natural killer cell polarity P The directed orientation of natural killer cell signaling molecules and associated membrane rafts towards a chemokine gradient or a contact point with a cell displaying natural killer cell activating ligands.
1771 immunological synapse formation P The formation of an area of close contact between a lymphocyte (T-, B-, or natural killer cell) and a target cell through the clustering of particular signaling and adhesion molecules and their associated membrane rafts on both the lymphocyte and target cell, which facilitates activation of the lymphocyte, transfer of membrane from the target cell to the lymphocyte, and in some situations killing of the target cell through release of secretory granules and/or death-pathway ligand-receptor interaction.
1772 immunological synapse C An area of close contact between a lymphocyte (T-, B-, or natural killer cell) and a target cell formed through the clustering of particular signaling and adhesion molecules and their associated membrane rafts on both the lymphocyte and the target cell and facilitating activation of the lymphocyte, transfer of membrane from the target cell to the lymphocyte, and in some situations killing of the target cell through release of secretory granules and/or death-pathway ligand-receptor interaction.
1773 myeloid dendritic cell activation P The change in morphology and behavior of a dendritic cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.
1774 microglial cell activation P The change in morphology and behavior of a microglial cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.
1775 cell activation P A change in the morphology or behavior of a cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand.
1776 leukocyte homeostasis P The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of cells of the immune system such that the total number of cells of a particular cell type within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.
1777 T cell homeostatic proliferation P The non-specific expansion of T cell populations within a whole or part of an organism to reach to a total number of T cells which will then remain stable over time in the absence of an external stimulus.
1778 plasma membrane repair P The resealing of a cell plasma membrane after cellular wounding due to, for instance, mechanical stress.
1779 natural killer cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a natural killer cell.
1780 neutrophil homeostasis P The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of neutrophils such that the total number of neutrophils within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.
1781 neutrophil apoptotic process P Any apoptotic process in a neutrophil, any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte that in its mature form has a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes.
1782 B cell homeostasis P The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of B cells such that the total number of B cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.
1783 B cell apoptotic process P Any apoptotic process in a B cell, a lymphocyte of B lineage with the phenotype CD19-positive and capable of B cell mediated immunity.
1784 phosphotyrosine binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a phosphorylated tyrosine residue within a protein.
1785 prostaglandin J receptor activity F Combining with prostaglandin J (PGJ(2)), a metabolite of prostaglandin D (PGD(2)) to initiate a change in cell activity.
1786 phosphatidylserine binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidylserine, a class of glycophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of L-serine.
1787 natural killer cell proliferation P The expansion of a natural killer cell population by cell division.
1788 antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity P Cytolysis of target cells by natural killer cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, monocytes, or macrophages following engagement of antibodies bound to the target cells by Fc receptors on the effector cells.
1789 G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to S1P second messenger P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of sphingosine kinase and a subsequent increase in cellular levels of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P).
1790 polymeric immunoglobulin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a J-chain-containing polymeric immunoglobulin of the IgA or IgM isotypes.
1791 IgM binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an immunoglobulin of the IgM isotype.
1792 polymeric immunoglobulin receptor activity F Combining with a J-chain-containing polymeric immunoglobulin of the IgA or IgM isotypes via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
1793 IgM receptor activity F Combining with an immunoglobulin of the IgM isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
1794 type IIa hypersensitivity P An inflammatory response resulting in cell death mediated by activation of the classical complement pathway or induction of effector cell phagocytosis or cytolysis mechanisms via complement or Fc receptors following the binding of antibodies to cell surface antigens on a target cell.
1795 type IIb hypersensitivity P An inflammatory response resulting in cell death or dysfunction mediated by the direct binding of antibody to cellular receptors.
1796 regulation of type IIa hypersensitivity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type IIa hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.
1797 negative regulation of type IIa hypersensitivity P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of type IIa hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.
1798 positive regulation of type IIa hypersensitivity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type IIa hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.
1799 regulation of type IIb hypersensitivity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type IIb hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.
1800 negative regulation of type IIb hypersensitivity P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of type IIb hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.
1801 positive regulation of type IIb hypersensitivity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type IIb hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.
1802 type III hypersensitivity P An inflammatory response resulting from recognition of immune complexes via complement or Fc receptors on effector cells leading to activation of neutrophils and other leukocytes and damage to bystander tissue.
1803 regulation of type III hypersensitivity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type III hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.
1804 negative regulation of type III hypersensitivity P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of type III hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.
1805 positive regulation of type III hypersensitivity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type III hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.
1806 type IV hypersensitivity P An inflammatory response driven by T cell recognition of processed soluble or cell-associated antigens leading to cytokine release and leukocyte activation.
1807 regulation of type IV hypersensitivity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type IV hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.
1808 negative regulation of type IV hypersensitivity P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of type IV hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.
1809 positive regulation of type IV hypersensitivity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type IV hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.
1810 regulation of type I hypersensitivity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type I hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.
1811 negative regulation of type I hypersensitivity P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of type I hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.
1812 positive regulation of type I hypersensitivity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type I hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.
1813 regulation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.
1814 negative regulation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.
1815 positive regulation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.
1816 cytokine production P The appearance of a cytokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
1817 regulation of cytokine production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of a cytokine.
1818 negative regulation of cytokine production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of production of a cytokine.
1819 positive regulation of cytokine production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of production of a cytokine.
1820 serotonin secretion P The regulated release of serotonin by a cell. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT) is a monoamine synthesised in serotonergic neurons in the central nervous system, enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal tract and some immune system cells.
1821 histamine secretion P The regulated release of histamine by a cell or tissue. It is formed by decarboxylation of histidine and it acts through receptors in smooth muscle and in secretory systems.
1822 kidney development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The kidney is an organ that filters the blood and/or excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.
1823 mesonephros development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the mesonephros is the second of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the mesonephros will form the mature kidney.
1824 blastocyst development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the blastocyst over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammalian blastocyst is a hollow ball of cells containing two cell types, the inner cell mass and the trophectoderm.
1825 blastocyst formation P The initial formation of a blastocyst from a solid ball of cells known as a morula.
1826 inner cell mass cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an inner cell mass cell.
1827 inner cell mass cell fate commitment P The cell fate commitment of precursor cells that will become inner cell mass cells.
1828 inner cell mass cellular morphogenesis P The morphogenesis of cells in the inner cell mass.
1829 trophectodermal cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a trophectoderm cell.
1830 trophectodermal cell fate commitment P The cell fate commitment of precursor cells that will become trophectoderm cells.
1831 trophectodermal cellular morphogenesis P The morphogenesis of trophectoderm cells.
1832 blastocyst growth P An increase in size of a blastocyst due to expansion of the blastocoelic cavity cell shape changes and cell proliferation.
1833 inner cell mass cell proliferation P The proliferation of cells in the inner cell mass.
1834 trophectodermal cell proliferation P The proliferation of cells in the trophectoderm.
1835 blastocyst hatching P The hatching of the cellular blastocyst from the zona pellucida.
1836 release of cytochrome c from mitochondria P The process that results in the movement of cytochrome c from the mitochondrial intermembrane space into the cytosol, which is part of the apoptotic signaling pathway and leads to caspase activation.
1837 epithelial to mesenchymal transition P A transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.
1838 embryonic epithelial tube formation P The morphogenesis of an embryonic epithelium into a tube-shaped structure.
1839 neural plate morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the neural plate are generated and organized. The neural plate is a specialized region of columnar epithelial cells in the dorsal ectoderm that will give rise to nervous system tissue.
1840 neural plate development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neural plate over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neural plate is a flat, thickened layer of ectodermal cells. The underlying dorsal mesoderm signals the ectodermal cells above it to elongate into columnar neural plate cells. The neural plate subsequently develops into the neural tube, which gives rise to the central nervous system.
1841 neural tube formation P The formation of a tube from the flat layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. This will give rise to the central nervous system.
1842 neural fold formation P The process in which the neural fold is formed. The edges of the neural plate thicken and move up to form a U-shaped structure called the neural groove.
1843 neural tube closure P The last step in the formation of the neural tube, where the paired neural folds are brought together and fuse at the dorsal midline.
1844 protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane involved in apoptotic signaling pathway P The process in which a protein is incorporated into a mitochondrial membrane as the initial phase of the mitochondrial membrane permeabilization that takes place in the apoptotic signaling pathway.
1845 phagolysosome assembly P The process that results in the fusion of a phagosome, a vesicle formed by phagocytosis, with a lysosome.
1846 opsonin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an opsonin, such as a complement component or antibody, deposited on the surface of a bacteria, virus, immune complex, or other particulate material.
1847 opsonin receptor activity F Combining with an opsonin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
1848 complement binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any component or product of the complement cascade.
1849 complement component C1q binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the C1q component of the classical complement cascade.
1850 complement component C3a binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the C3a product of the complement cascade.
1851 complement component C3b binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the C3b product of the complement cascade.
1852 complement component iC3b binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the iC3b product of the complement cascade.
1853 complement component C3dg binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the C3dg product of the complement cascade.
1854 complement component C3d binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the C3d product of the complement cascade.
1855 complement component C4b binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the C4b product of the classical complement cascade.
1856 complement component C5a binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the C5a product of the complement cascade.
1857 complement component C1q receptor activity F Combining with the C1q component of the classical complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
1858 complement component iC3b receptor activity F Combining with the iC3b product of the complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
1859 complement component C3dg receptor activity F Combining with the C3dg product of the complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
1860 complement component C3d receptor activity F Combining with the C3d product of the complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
1861 complement component C4b receptor activity F Combining with the C4b product of the classical complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
1862 collectin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a collectin, a member of a group of structurally related pattern recognition molecules characterized by having a carbohydrate recognition domain of the C-type lectin family at the C-terminus and a collagenous domain at the N-terminus.
1863 collectin receptor activity F Combining with a collectin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
1864 pentraxin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a pentraxin, a member of a family of inflammatory proteins with a radially symmetric arrangement of five identical, noncovalently linked chains in a pentagonal array.
1865 NK T cell differentiation P The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a NK T cell.
1866 NK T cell proliferation P The expansion of a NK T cell population by cell division.
1867 complement activation, lectin pathway P Any process involved in the activation of any of the steps of the lectin pathway of the complement cascade which allows for the direct killing of microbes and the regulation of other immune processes.
1868 regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the lectin pathway of complement activation.
1869 negative regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of complement activation by the lectin pathway.
1870 positive regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the lectin pathway.
1871 pattern binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a repeating or polymeric structure, such as a polysaccharide or peptidoglycan.
1872 (1->3)-beta-D-glucan binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with (1->3)-beta-D-glucans.
1873 polysaccharide receptor activity F Combining with a polysaccharide and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity. A polysaccharide is a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically.
1874 (1->3)-beta-D-glucan receptor activity F Combining with (1->3)-beta-D-glucans to initiate a change in cell activity.
1875 lipopolysaccharide receptor activity F Combining with a lipopolysaccharide and transmitting the signal across the cell membrane to initiate a change in cell activity. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are major components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, making them prime targets for recognition by the immune system.
1876 lipoarabinomannan binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with lipoarabinomannan.
1877 lipoarabinomannan receptor activity F Combining with lipoarabinomannan and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.
1878 response to yeast P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a yeast species.
1879 detection of yeast P The series of events in which a stimulus from a yeast is received and converted into a molecular signal.
1880 Mullerian duct regression P The process in which the Mullerian ducts, primordia of the oviducts, uterus and upper vagina, undergo regression in male embryos.
1881 receptor recycling P The process that results in the return of receptor molecules to an active state and an active cellular location after they have been stimulated by a ligand. An active state is when the receptor is ready to receive a signal.
1882 nucleoside binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleoside, a compound consisting of a purine or pyrimidine nitrogenous base linked either to ribose or deoxyribose.
1883 purine nucleoside binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a purine nucleoside, a compound consisting of a purine base linked either to ribose or deoxyribose.
1884 pyrimidine nucleoside binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a pyrimidine nucleoside, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked either to ribose or deoxyribose.
1885 endothelial cell development P The progression of an endothelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
1886 endothelial cell morphogenesis P The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs during the differentiation of an endothelial cell.
1887 selenium compound metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds that contain selenium, such as selenocysteine.
1888 glucuronyl-galactosyl-proteoglycan 4-alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-xylosyl-proteoglycan = UDP + alpha-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-xylosyl-proteoglycan.
1889 liver development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the liver over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The liver is an exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes.
1890 placenta development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The placenta is an organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin.
1891 phagocytic cup C An invagination of the cell membrane formed by an actin dependent process during phagocytosis. Following internalization it is converted into a phagosome.
1892 embryonic placenta development P The embryonically driven process whose specific outcome is the progression of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The placenta is an organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin.
1893 maternal placenta development P Maternally driven process whose specific outcome is the progression of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The placenta is an organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin.
1894 tissue homeostasis P A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state within a defined tissue of an organism, including control of cellular proliferation and death and control of metabolic function.
1895 retina homeostasis P A tissue homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium within the retina of the eye, including control of cellular proliferation and death and control of metabolic function.
1896 autolysis P A programmed cell death process observed in bacteria and filamentous fungi and leading to spontaneous death by lysis. Examples are lysis of the mother cell during sporulation of Bacillus subtilis and self-degradation of fungal cells in Aspergillus nidulans. Autolysis is also involved in bacterial biofilm formation.
1897 cytolysis by symbiont of host cells P The killing by an organism of a cell in its host organism by means of the rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
1898 regulation of cytolysis by symbiont of host cells P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cytolysis by that organism of cells in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
1899 negative regulation of cytolysis by symbiont of host cells P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytolysis by that organism of cells in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
1900 positive regulation of cytolysis by symbiont of host cells P Any process in which an organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytolysis by that organism of cells in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
1905 activation of membrane attack complex P The activation of the membrane attack complex components of the complement cascade which can result in death of a target cell through cytolysis.
1906 cell killing P Any process in an organism that results in the killing of its own cells or those of another organism, including in some cases the death of the other organism. Killing here refers to the induction of death in one cell by another cell, not cell-autonomous death due to internal or other environmental conditions.
1907 killing by symbiont of host cells P Any process mediated by an organism that results in the death of cells in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
1909 leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity P The directed killing of a target cell by a leukocyte.
1910 regulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity.
1911 negative regulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity.
1912 positive regulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity.
1913 T cell mediated cytotoxicity P The directed killing of a target cell by a T cell through the release of granules containing cytotoxic mediators or through the engagement of death receptors.
1914 regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated cytotoxicity.
1915 negative regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of T cell mediated cytotoxicity.
1916 positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell mediated cytotoxicity.
1917 photoreceptor inner segment C The inner segment of a vertebrate photoreceptor containing mitochondria, ribosomes and membranes where opsin molecules are assembled and passed to be part of the outer segment discs.
1918 farnesylated protein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a farnesylated protein.
1919 regulation of receptor recycling P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of receptor recycling.
1920 negative regulation of receptor recycling P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of receptor recycling.
1921 positive regulation of receptor recycling P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor recycling.
1922 B-1 B cell homeostasis P The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of B cells of the B-1 subset such that the total number of B-1 B cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus. B-1 B cells are a distinct subset of B cells characterized as being CD5 positive, found predominantly in the peritoneum, pleural cavities, and spleen, and enriched for self-reactivity.
1923 B-1 B cell differentiation P The process in which a hemopoietic stem cell acquires the specialized features of a B-1 B cell. B-1 B cells are a distinct subset of B cells characterized as being CD5 positive, found predominantly in the peritoneum, pleural cavities, and spleen, and enriched for self-reactivity.
1924 regulation of B-1 B cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B-1 B cell differentiation. B-1 B cells are a distinct subset of B cells characterized as being CD5 positive, found predominantly in the peritoneum, pleural cavities, and spleen, and enriched for self-reactivity.
1925 negative regulation of B-1 B cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of B-1 B cell differentiation.
1926 positive regulation of B-1 B cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of B-1 B cell differentiation.
1927 exocyst assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of various polypeptides into the exocyst complex.
1928 regulation of exocyst assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exocyst assembly.
1929 negative regulation of exocyst assembly P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of exocyst assembly.
1930 positive regulation of exocyst assembly P Any process that increases the rate or extent of exocyst assembly.
1931 uropod C A membrane projection with related cytoskeletal components at the trailing edge of a cell in the process of migrating or being activated, found on the opposite side of the cell from the leading edge or immunological synapse, respectively.
1932 regulation of protein phosphorylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups into an amino acid in a protein.
1933 negative regulation of protein phosphorylation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein.
1934 positive regulation of protein phosphorylation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein.
1935 endothelial cell proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of endothelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Endothelial cells are thin flattened cells which line the inside surfaces of body cavities, blood vessels, and lymph vessels, making up the endothelium.
1936 regulation of endothelial cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of endothelial cell proliferation.
1937 negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of endothelial cell proliferation.
1938 positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of endothelial cell proliferation.
1939 female pronucleus C The pronucleus originating from the ovum that is being fertilized.
1940 male pronucleus C The pronucleus originating from the spermatozoa that was involved in fertilization.
1941 postsynaptic membrane organization P A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a postsynaptic membrane, the specialized area of membrane facing the presynaptic membrane on the tip of the nerve ending and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft).
1942 hair follicle development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hair follicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A hair follicle is a tube-like opening in the epidermis where the hair shaft develops and into which the sebaceous glands open.
1944 vasculature development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The vasculature is an interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure that contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism.
1945 lymph vessel development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lymph vessel over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
1946 lymphangiogenesis P Lymph vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing vessels.
1947 heart looping P The tube morphogenesis process in which the primitive heart tube loops asymmetrically. This looping brings the primitive heart chambers into alignment preceding their future integration. Heart looping begins with dextral-looping and ends when the main regional divisions of the mature heart and primordium of the great arterial trunks become established preceeding septation.
1948 glycoprotein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a glycoprotein, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (monosaccharide) residues. These also include proteoglycans.
1949 sebaceous gland cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized epidermal cell acquires the specialized features of a sebaceous gland cell.
1951 intestinal D-glucose absorption P Uptake of D-glucose into the blood by absorption from the small intestine.
1952 regulation of cell-matrix adhesion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to the extracellular matrix.
1953 negative regulation of cell-matrix adhesion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix.
1954 positive regulation of cell-matrix adhesion P Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell adhesion to an extracellular matrix.
1955 blood vessel maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a blood vessel to attain its fully functional state.
1956 positive regulation of neurotransmitter secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter.
1957 intramembranous ossification P Direct ossification that occurs within mesenchyme or an accumulation of relatively unspecialized cells.
1958 endochondral ossification P Replacement ossification wherein bone tissue replaces cartilage.
1959 regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cytokine mediated signaling pathway.
1960 negative regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cytokine mediated signaling pathway.
1961 positive regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cytokine mediated signaling pathway.
1962 alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a galactose residue from a donor molecule, such as GDP-galactose or UDP-galactose, to an oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->3) linkage.
1963 synaptic transmission, dopaminergic P The process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter dopamine.
1964 startle response P An action or movement due to the application of a sudden unexpected stimulus.
1965 G-protein alpha-subunit binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a G-protein alpha subunit. The alpha subunit binds a guanine nucleotide.
1966 thigmotaxis P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to touch.
1967 suckling behavior P Specific behavior of a newborn or infant mammal that results in the derivation of nourishment from the breast.
1968 fibronectin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a fibronectin, a group of related adhesive glycoproteins of high molecular weight found on the surface of animal cells, connective tissue matrices, and in extracellular fluids.
1969 regulation of activation of membrane attack complex P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activation of the membrane attack complex components of the complement cascade.
1970 positive regulation of activation of membrane attack complex P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activation of the membrane attack complex components of the complement cascade.
1971 negative regulation of activation of membrane attack complex P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activation of the membrane attack complex components of the complement cascade.
1972 retinoic acid binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with retinoic acid, 3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraenoic acid.
1973 adenosine receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a receptor binding to extracellular adenosine and transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex to initiate a change in cell activity.
1974 blood vessel remodeling P The reorganization or renovation of existing blood vessels.
1975 response to amphetamine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amphetamine stimulus. Amphetamines consist of a group of compounds related to alpha-methylphenethylamine.
1976 neurological system process involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure P The regulation of blood pressure mediated by detection of stimuli and a neurological response.
1977 renal system process involved in regulation of blood volume P A slow mechanism of blood pressure regulation that responds to changes in pressure resulting from fluid and salt intake by modulating the quantity of blood in the circulatory system.
1978 regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by carotid sinus baroreceptor feedback P The process that modulates blood pressure by sensing the amount of stretch occurring in large arteries and responding to the input via central nervous system control.
1979 regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by chemoreceptor signaling P The process that modulates blood pressure by the action of chemoreceptors found in the carotid and aortic bodies and their resultant modulation of the vasomotor center. Chemoreceptors respond to oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.
1980 regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by ischemic conditions P The process that modulates blood pressure by the detection of carbon dioxide levels in the brain stem. Increased levels activate the sympathetic vasoconstrictor mechanism increasing the force with which blood flows through the circulatory system.
1981 baroreceptor detection of arterial stretch P The series of events by which the change in diameter of an artery is detected and converted to a molecular signal.
1982 baroreceptor response to decreased systemic arterial blood pressure P The lowering of the number of nerve impulses from baroreceptors as a result of decreased stretch of an artery that results in an increased in sympathetic nerve impulses to peripheral blood vessels.
1983 baroreceptor response to increased systemic arterial blood pressure P The increase in nerve impulses from baroreceptors as a result of increased pressure on an artery that results in an inhibition of sympathetic nerve impulses to peripheral blood vessels.
1984 vasodilation of artery involved in baroreceptor response to increased systemic arterial blood pressure P An increase in the internal diameter of an artery, triggered by vasomotor suppression, during the chemoreceptor response to decreased blood pressure.
1985 negative regulation of heart rate involved in baroreceptor response to increased systemic arterial blood pressure P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction as a result of the baroreceptor response to increased blood pressure.
1986 negative regulation of the force of heart contraction involved in baroreceptor response to increased systemic arterial blood pressure P Any process that decreases the force with which the cardiac muscles of the heart pump blood through the circulatory system as a result of the baroreceptor response to increased blood pressure.
1987 vasoconstriction of artery involved in baroreceptor response to lowering of systemic arterial blood pressure P A process that is triggered by vasomotor excitation and results in a decrease in the diameter of an artery during the baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure.
1988 positive regulation of heart rate involved in baroreceptor response to decreased systemic arterial blood pressure P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction as a result of the baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure.
1989 positive regulation of the force of heart contraction involved in baroreceptor response to decreased systemic arterial blood pressure P Any process that increases the force with which the cardiac muscles of the heart pump blood through the circulatory system as part of the baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure.
1990 regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by hormone P The process in which hormones modulate the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system. A hormone is one of a group of substances formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which they have a specific regulatory action.
1991 regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by circulatory renin-angiotensin P The process in which angiotensinogen metabolites in the bloodstream modulate the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system. The process begins when renin is released and cleaves angiotensinogen.
1992 regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by vasopressin P The regulation of blood pressure mediated by the signaling molecule vasopressin. Vasopressin is produced in the hypothalamus, and affects vasoconstriction, and renal water transport.
1993 regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by norepinephrine-epinephrine P The process in which the secretion of norepinephrine or epinephrine into the bloodstream modulates the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system.
1994 norepinephrine-epinephrine vasoconstriction involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure P A process that results in a decrease in the diameter of an artery during the norepinephrine-epinephrine response to decreased blood pressure.
1995 norepinephrine-epinephrine catabolic process in blood stream P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of norepinephrine or epinephrine in the bloodstream.
1996 positive regulation of heart rate by epinephrine-norepinephrine P The process in which the presence of epinephrine or norepinephrine in the bloodstream activates, maintains or increases the rate of heart contraction.
1997 positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by epinephrine-norepinephrine P Any process that increases the force with which the cardiac muscles of the heart pump blood through the circulatory system as a result of the presence of epinephrine or norepinephrine in the bloodstream or released from the nerve endings.
1998 angiotensin-mediated vasoconstriction involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure P The decrease in blood vessel diameter as a result of the release of angiotensin into the blood stream.
1999 renal response to blood flow involved in circulatory renin-angiotensin regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure P The physiological response of the kidneys to a decrease in blood flow.
2000 detection of renal blood flow P The process in which the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidneys receive information about the amount of blood flowing through the arterioles and converts the information to a molecular signal.
2001 renin secretion into blood stream P The regulated release of renin into the blood stream by juxtoglomerular cells.
2002 regulation of angiotensin levels in blood P The process that modulates the level of angiotensin in the blood by balancing the maturation of renin substrate to mature angiotensin and the catabolism of mature angiotensin.
2003 angiotensin maturation P The process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of angiotensin by conversion of renin substrate into mature angiotensin in the blood.
2004 secretion of vasopressin involved in fast regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure P The regulated release of the hormone vasopressin into the blood stream by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland contributing to fast regulation of blood pressure.
2005 angiotensin catabolic process in blood P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of angiotensin in the blood.
2006 vasoconstriction by vasopressin involved in systemic arterial blood pressure control P The decrease in blood vessel diameter as a result of the release of vasopressin into the blood stream.
2007 detection of hypoxic conditions in blood by chemoreceptor signaling P The process in which information about a lack of oxygen are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies and the aortic bodies.
2008 excitation of vasomotor center by chemoreceptor signaling P The process in which the molecular signal from the carotid and aortic bodies is relayed to the vasomotor center, causing it to signal an increase arterial pressure.
2009 morphogenesis of an epithelium P The process in which the anatomical structures of epithelia are generated and organized. An epithelium consists of closely packed cells arranged in one or more layers, that covers the outer surfaces of the body or lines any internal cavity or tube.
2010 excitation of vasomotor center by baroreceptor signaling P The process in which the molecular signal from the arterial baroreceptors is relayed to the vasomotor center causing it to signal increase arterial pressure.
2011 morphogenesis of an epithelial sheet P The process in which the anatomical structures of an epithelial sheet are generated and organized. An epithelial sheet is a flat surface consisting of closely packed epithelial cells.
2012 vasoconstriction of artery involved in chemoreceptor response to lowering of systemic arterial blood pressure P A process that is triggered by vasomotor excitation and results in a decrease in the diameter of an artery during the chemoreceptor response to decreased blood pressure.
2013 detection of carbon dioxide by vasomotor center P The process by a carbon dioxide stimulus is received and converted to a molecular signal by the vasomotor center of the central nervous system.
2014 vasoconstriction of artery involved in ischemic response to lowering of systemic arterial blood pressure P The vasoconstriction that is triggered by vasomotor excitation resulting from the detection of high carbon dioxide levels in the vasomotor center of the central nervous system.
2015 regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by atrial baroreceptor feedback P A process that controls blood pressure by sensing the amount of stretch occurring in the atria.
2016 regulation of blood volume by renin-angiotensin P The process in which the renin-angiotensin system controls the rate of fluid intake and output into the blood.
2017 regulation of blood volume by renal aldosterone P The process in which the hormone aldosterone decreases the rate of diuresis and natriuresis resulting in increased blood volume.
2018 renin-angiotensin regulation of aldosterone production P The process in which an increase in active angiotensin stimulates the adrenal cortices to secrete aldosterone.
2019 regulation of renal output by angiotensin P The process in which angiotensin directly modulates the rate of urine output by the kidney.
2020 protease binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protease or peptidase.
2021 response to dietary excess P The physiological process in which dietary excess is sensed by the central nervous system, resulting in a reduction in food intake and increased energy expenditure.
2022 detection of dietary excess P The neurological process in which the brain senses excessive caloric intake.
2023 reduction of food intake in response to dietary excess P An eating behavior process whereby detection of a dietary excess results in a decrease in intake of nutrients.
2024 diet induced thermogenesis P The process that results in increased metabolic rate in tissues of an organism. It is triggered by the detection of dietary excess. This process is achieved via signalling in the sympathetic nervous system.
2025 vasodilation by norepinephrine-epinephrine involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure P A process that results in an increase in the diameter of an artery during the norepinephrine-epinephrine response to blood pressure change.
2026 regulation of the force of heart contraction P Any process that modulates the extent of heart contraction, changing the force with which blood is propelled.
2027 regulation of heart rate P Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of heart contraction.
2028 regulation of sodium ion transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
2029 desensitization of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway P The process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway activity after prolonged stimulation with an agonist of the pathway.
2030 inhibitory G-protein coupled receptor phosphorylation P The process that inhibits the signaling function of a G-protein coupled receptor by addition of a phosphate group to its third intracellular loop consensus site.
2031 G-protein coupled receptor internalization P The process that results in the uptake of a G-protein coupled receptor into an endocytic vesicle.
2032 desensitization of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway by arrestin P The process that inhibits the signaling function of a G-protein coupled receptor by uncoupling the receptor from its downstream G proteins.
2033 angiotensin-mediated vasodilation involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure P The process that increases the diameter of a blood vessel via the renin-angiotensin system.
2034 regulation of blood vessel diameter by renin-angiotensin P The process in which the diameter of a blood vessel is changed due to activity of the renin-angiotensin system.
2035 brain renin-angiotensin system P The process in which an angiotensin-mediated signaling system present in the brain regulates the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system.
2036 regulation of L-glutamate transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-glutamate transport.
2037 negative regulation of L-glutamate transport P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-glutamate transport.
2038 positive regulation of L-glutamate transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-glutamate transport.
2039 p53 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one of the p53 family of proteins.
2040 sprouting angiogenesis P The extension of new blood vessels from existing capillaries into avascular tissues resulting from the proliferation of blood vessel endothelial cells.
2041 intussusceptive angiogenesis P The formation of new blood vessels as a result of the insertion and extension of lumenal tissue pillars.
2042 cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis P The orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels involved in sprouting angiogenesis.
2043 blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis P The multiplication or reproduction of blood vessel endothelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population contributing to sprouting angiogenesis.
2044 blood vessel endothelial cell migration involved in intussusceptive angiogenesis P The orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels during intussusceptive angiogenesis.
2045 regulation of cell adhesion involved in intussusceptive angiogenesis P The process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a blood vessel endothelial cell to another cell or to the extracellular matrix involved in intussusceptive angiogenesis.
2046 opsin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an opsin, any of a group of hydrophobic, integral membrane glycoproteins located primarily in the disc membrane of rods or cones, involved in photoreception.
2047 phenazine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a phenazine antibiotic, a polycyclic pyrazine with two nitrogen atoms in the ring.
2048 pyoverdine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving the siderochrome pyoverdine.
2049 pyoverdine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the siderochrome pyoverdine.
2050 pyoverdine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the siderochrome pyoverdine.
2051 osteoblast fate commitment P The commitment of mesenchymal cells to the specific cell fate of an osteoblast. An osteoblast is a bone-forming cell which secretes an extracellular matrix. Hydroxyapatite crystals are then deposited into the matrix to form bone.
2052 positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the rate of neuroblast proliferation.
2053 positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation P The process of activating or increasing the rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. Mesenchymal cells are loosely organized embryonic cells.
2054 nucleobase binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleobase, any of a class of pyrmidines or purines, organic nitrogenous bases.
2055 adenine binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with adenine, a purine base.
2056 cytosine binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cytosine.
2057 guanine binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with guanine.
2058 uracil binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with uracil.
2059 thymine binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with thymine.
2060 purine nucleobase binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a purine nucleobase, an organic nitrogenous base with a purine skeleton.
2061 pyrimidine nucleobase binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a pyrimidine nucleobase, an organic nitrogenous base with a pyrimidine skeleton.
2062 chondrocyte differentiation P The process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.
2063 chondrocyte development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a chondrocyte over time, from its commitment to its mature state. Chondrocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a chondroblast to a chondrocyte fate.
2064 epithelial cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface.
2065 columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube.
2066 columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube.
2067 glandular epithelial cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glandular epithelial cell. A glandular epithelial cell is a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface exposed to the lumen of a gland.
2068 glandular epithelial cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glandular epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A glandular epithelial cell is a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface exposed to the lumen of a gland.
2069 columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell maturation P The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a columna/cuboidal epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube.
2070 epithelial cell maturation P The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. An epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface.
2071 glandular epithelial cell maturation P The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a glandular epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. A glandular epithelial cell is a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface exposed to the lumen of a gland.
2072 optic cup morphogenesis involved in camera-type eye development P The invagination of the optic vesicle to form two-walled indentations, the optic cups, that will go on to form the retina. This process begins with the optic vesicle becoming a two-walled structure and its subsequent shape changes. It does not include the fate commitment of cells to become the pigmented retina and the neural retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.
2074 extraocular skeletal muscle development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the extraocular skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The extraocular muscle is derived from cranial mesoderm and controls eye movements. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.
2075 somitomeric trunk muscle development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the somitomeric trunk muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The somitomeric trunk muscle is derived from somitomeric mesoderm. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.
2076 osteoblast development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an osteoblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Osteoblast development does not include the steps involved in committing a cranial neural crest cell or an osteoprogenitor cell to an osteoblast fate. An osteoblast is a cell that gives rise to bone.
2077 acrosome matrix dispersal P The proteolytic digestion of components in the acrosomal matrix that allows for their release into the egg. The dispersal of the components allows for the inner acrosomal membrane to interact with the egg.
2078 membrane fusion involved in acrosome reaction P The fusion of the plasma membrane of the sperm with the outer acrosomal membrane.
2079 inner acrosomal membrane C The acrosomal membrane region that underlies the acrosomal vesicle and is located toward the sperm nucleus. This region is responsible for molecular interactions allowing the sperm to penetrate the zona pellucida and fuses with the egg plasma membrane.
2080 acrosomal membrane C The membrane that surrounds the acrosomal lumen. The acrosome is a special type of lysosome in the head of a spermatozoon that contains acid hydrolases and is concerned with the breakdown of the outer membrane of the ovum during fertilization.
2081 outer acrosomal membrane C The acrosomal membrane region that underlies the plasma membrane of the sperm. This membrane fuses with the sperm plasma membrane as part of the acrosome reaction.
2082 regulation of oxidative phosphorylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP that accompanies the oxidation of a metabolite through the operation of the respiratory chain. Oxidation of compounds establishes a proton gradient across the membrane, providing the energy for ATP synthesis.
2083 4-hydroxybenzoate decaprenyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-decaprenyl diphosphate + 4-hydroxybenzoate = 3-decaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate + diphosphate.
2084 protein depalmitoylation P The removal of palymitoyl groups from a lipoprotein.
2085 inhibition of neuroepithelial cell differentiation P Any process that prevents the activation of neuroepithelial cell differentiation. Neuroepithelial cell differentiation is the process in which epiblast cells acquire specialized features of neuroepithelial cells.
2086 diaphragm contraction P A process in which force is generated within involuntary skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the diaphragm. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The diaphragm is a striated muscle that is necessary for the process of respiratory gaseous exchange.
2087 regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange by neurological system process P A process carried out by the nervous system that is required for the proper control of respiratory gaseous exchange. This process occurs in the respiratory center of the brain in vertebrates.
2088 lens development in camera-type eye P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lens over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lens is a transparent structure in the eye through which light is focused onto the retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.
2089 lens morphogenesis in camera-type eye P The process in which the anatomical structures of the lens are generated and organized. The lens is a transparent structure in the eye through which light is focused onto the retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.
2090 regulation of receptor internalization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor internalization.
2091 negative regulation of receptor internalization P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor internalization.
2092 positive regulation of receptor internalization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor internalization.
2093 auditory receptor cell morphogenesis P Any process that alters the size or shape of an auditory receptor cell.
2094 polyprenyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of multiple prenyl groups from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
2095 caveolar macromolecular signaling complex C A complex composed of proteins required for beta adrenergic receptor activation of protein kinase A. It includes the Cav 12. subunit of L-type calcium channel, protein kinase A regulatory subunit 2(PKAR2), adenyl cyclase, beta-adrenergic receptor, G-alpha-S, protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and caveolin 3 (CAV3).
2096 polkadots C A punctate, filamentous structure composed of Bcl10 that appears in the cytoplasm of T-cells shortly after T-cell receptor stimulation. Polkadots stands for Punctate Oligomeric Killing and Activating DOmains Transducing Signals.
2097 tRNA wobble base modification P The process in which the nucleotide at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally modified.
2098 tRNA wobble uridine modification P The process in which a uridine in position 34 of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally modified.
2099 tRNA wobble guanine modification P The process in which a guanine in t position 34 of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally modified.
2100 tRNA wobble adenosine to inosine editing P The process in which an adenosine in position 34 of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally converted to inosine.
2101 tRNA wobble cytosine modification P The process in which a cytosine in position 34 of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally modified.
2102 podosome C An actin-rich adhesion structure characterized by formation upon cell substrate contact and localization at the substrate-attached part of the cell, contain an F-actin-rich core surrounded by a ring structure containing proteins such as vinculin and talin, and have a diameter of 0.5 mm.
2103 endonucleolytic cleavage of tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 4.5S-rRNA, 5S-rRNA) P Endonucleolytic cleavage of a pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Primary ribosomal RNA transcripts with four genes, in this order, are produced in the chloroplasts of vascular plants. Note that the use of the word tetracistronic refers only to the number of mature rRNA molecules which will be produced from the primary transcript and ignores tRNAs that may also be present within the primary transcript.
2104 endonucleolytic cleaveage between 4.5S rRNA and 5S rRNA of tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 4.5S-rRNA, 5S-rRNA) P Endonucleolytic cleavage between the 5S rRNA and the 4.5S rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Note that the use of the word tetracistronic refers only to the number of mature rRNA molecules which will be produced from the primary transcript and ignores tRNAs that may also be present within the primary transcript.
2105 endonucleolytic cleaveage between LSU-rRNA and 4.5S rRNA of tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 4.5S-rRNA, 5S-rRNA) P Endonucleolytic cleavage between the LSU-rRNA and the 4.5S rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Note that the use of the word tetracistronic refers only to the number of mature rRNA molecules which will be produced from the primary transcript and ignores tRNAs that may also be present within the primary transcript.
2106 endonucleolytic cleaveage between SSU-rRNA and LSU-rRNA of tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 4.5S-rRNA, 5S-rRNA) P Endonucleolytic cleavages between the SSU-rRNA and the LSU-rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. These cleavages liberate tRNAs from the polycistronic transcript as well as separating the SSU and LSU containing transcript. Note that the use of the word tetracistronic refers only to the number of mature rRNA molecules which will be produced from the primary transcript and ignores tRNAs that may also be present within the primary transcript.
2107 generation of mature 3'-end of 5S rRNA generated by RNA polymerase III P The removal of extra uridine residues from the 3' end of a 5S pre-rRNA generated by transcription by RNA polymerase III to generate the mature 3'-end.
2108 maturation of LSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA,5S) P Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Large SubUnit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature LSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
2109 maturation of SSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA,5S) P Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Small SubUnit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature SSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
2110 cotranscriptional mitochondrial rRNA nucleotide insertion P The insertion of one or two non-coded nucleotides during the transcription of a mitochondrial rRNA. Such additions are known to occur in myxomycetes such as Physarum, Didymium, and Stemonitis.
2111 BRCA2-BRAF35 complex C A heterodimeric complex of BRCA2 and BRAF35 (BRCA2-associated factor 35). The BRCA2-BRAF35 complex is often associated with condensed chromatin during mitosis.
2112 interleukin-33 receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-33 receptor.
2113 interleukin-33 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with interleukin-33.
2114 interleukin-33 receptor activity F Combining with interleukin-33 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
2115 store-operated calcium entry P A calcium ion entry mechanism in the plasma membrane activated by the depletion of calcium ion from the internal calcium ion store in the endoplasmic reticulum.
2116 semaphorin receptor complex C A stable binary complex of a neurophilin and a plexin, together forming a functional semaphorin receptor.
2117 amphibian larval development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the amphibian larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Amphibian larvae, sometimes called pollywogs or tadpoles, hatch from eggs and begin to grow limbs and other adult physical features at various times, depending on the species, before they metamorphose into the adult form.
2118 aggressive behavior P A behavioral interaction between organisms in which one organism has the intention of inflicting physical damage on another individual.
2119 nematode larval development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nematode larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew.
2120 predatory behavior P Aggressive behavior involving attack on prey by a predator.
2121 inter-male aggressive behavior P Aggressive behavior based on competition between males of the same species over access to resources such as females, dominance, status, etc. and characterized by noise, threats, and is often less injurious.
2122 fear-induced aggressive behavior P Aggressive behavior associated with attempts to flee from a threat.
2123 irritable aggressive behavior P Aggressive behavior induced by frustration and directed against an available target.
2124 territorial aggressive behavior P Aggressive behavior performed in defence of a fixed area against intruders, typically conspecifics.
2125 maternal aggressive behavior P Aggressive behavior of a female to protect her offspring from a threat.
2126 instrumental aggressive behavior P Aggressive behavior directed towards obtaining some goal, considered to be a learned response to a situation.
2127 wobble base cytosine methylation P The process in which the base of cytosine at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally methylated at the C5 position.
2128 tRNA nucleoside ribose methylation P The process that results in the modification of the sugar of a nucleoside in tRNA at the 2'O position.
2129 wobble position guanine ribose methylation P The process in which the ribose of guanosine at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally methylated at the 2'-O position.
2130 wobble position ribose methylation P The process in which the ribose base of the nucleotide at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally methylated at the 2'O position.
2131 wobble position cytosine ribose methylation P The process in which the ribose of cytidine at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally methylated at the 2'-O position.
2132 wobble position uridine ribose methylation P The process in which the ribose of uridine at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally methylated at the 2'-O position.
2133 polycystin complex C A stable heterodimeric complex composed of polycystin-1 and polycystin-2.
2134 UTP binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with UTP, uridine 5'-triphosphate.
2135 CTP binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with CTP, cytidine 5'-triphosphate.
2136 wobble base lysidine biosynthesis P The process in which the carbonyl of cytosine at position 34 of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally replaced by lysine.
2138 retinoic acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the biosynthesis of retinoic acid, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A.
2139 stereocilia coupling link C A structure involved in coupling stereocilia to one another in sensory hair cells There are four morphologically distinct types: tip links, horizontal top connectors, shaft connectors and ankle links. Tip links and horizontal top connectors are the only inter-stereocilia links associated with mature cochlea, whereas ankle links appear during development of the auditory hair bundle.
2140 stereocilia tip link C A stereocilia link that is formed by a fine filament running more or less vertically upward from the tip of each shorter stereocilium to attach at a higher point on its adjacent taller neighbor. Tilting the bundle puts tension on the filaments, which pull on mechanically gated ion channels in the membrane of the stereocilia.
2141 stereocilia ankle link C A stereocilia coupling link that is composed of a fine filament present in developing stereocilia that couples the bases of individual stereocilia to one another. They are not present in mature stereocilia.
2142 stereocilia ankle link complex C A complex of proteins that connect growing stereocilia in developing cochlear hair cells, composed of Vlgr1, usherin, vezatin, and whirlin.
2143 tRNA wobble position uridine thiolation P The process in which a uridine residue at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally thiolated at the C2 position. This process involves transfer of a sulfur from cysteine to position C2 by several steps.
2144 cytosolic tRNA wobble base thiouridylase complex C A complex of two proteins involved in the thiolation of U34 in glutamate, lysine, and glutamine tRNAs of eukaryotes.
2145 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine diphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine pyrophosphate + H2O = hydroxymethylpyrimidine phosphate + phosphate + H(+).
2146 steroid hormone receptor import into nucleus P The directed movement of a steroid hormone receptor into the nucleus.
2147 glucocorticoid receptor import into nucleus P The directed movement of a glucocorticoid receptor into the nucleus.
2148 hypochlorous acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving hypochlorous acid.
2149 hypochlorous acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hypochlorous acid.
2150 hypochlorous acid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hypochlorous acid.
2151 G-quadruplex RNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with G-quadruplex RNA structures, in which groups of four guanines adopt a flat, cyclic hydrogen-bonding arrangement known as a guanine tetrad.
2152 bile acid conjugation P The process in which bile acids are covalently linked to taurine or glycine.
2153 steroid receptor RNA activator RNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the steroid receptor RNA activator RNA (SRA). SRA enhances steroid hormone receptor transcriptional activity as an RNA transcript by an indirect mechanism that does not involve SRA-steroid receptor binding.
2154 thyroid hormone mediated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of a thyroid hormone.
2155 regulation of thyroid hormone mediated signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a thyroid hormone mediated signaling pathway.
2156 negative regulation of thyroid hormone mediated signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid hormone mediated signaling pathway.
2157 positive regulation of thyroid hormone mediated signaling pathway P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid hormone mediated signaling pathway.
2158 osteoclast proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of osteoclasts, resulting in the expansion of an osteoclast cell population. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue, which typically differentiates from monocytes.
2159 desmosome assembly P A cellular process that results in the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a desmosome. A desmosome is a patch-like intercellular junction found in vertebrate tissues, consisting of parallel zones of two cell membranes, separated by an space of 25-35 nm, and having dense fibrillar plaques in the subjacent cytoplasm.
2160 desmosome maintenance P The maintenance of a desmosome. A desmosome is a patch-like intercellular junctions found in vertebrate tissues, consisting of parallel zones of two cell membranes, separated by an interspace of 25-35 nm, and having dense fibrillar plaques in the subjacent cytoplasm.
2161 aminoacyl-tRNA editing activity F The hydrolysis of an incorrectly aminoacylated tRNA.
2162 dystroglycan binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with dystroglycan. Dystroglycan is glycoprotein found in non-muscle tissues as well as in muscle tissues, often in association with dystrophin. The native dystroglycan cleaved into two non-covalently associated subunits, alpha (N-terminal) and beta (C-terminal).
2164 larval development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The larva is the early, immature form of an that at birth or hatching is fundamentally unlike its parent and must metamorphose before assuming the adult characters.
2165 instar larval or pupal development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the instar larva or pupa over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
2167 VRK3/VHR/ERK complex C A ternary complex consisting of VRK3, VHR (Dusp3), and ERK1 (Mapk3) existing in neuronal cells, and is involved in regulation of the ERK signaling pathway.
2168 instar larval development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This begins with the newly hatched first-instar larva, through its maturation to the end of the last larval stage. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
2169 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase complex, mitochondrial C A mitochondrial protein complex which is capable of 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase activity. In mammals, at least, consists as a dodecamer of 6 alpha and 6 beta subunits. MCCC-alpha has a covalently bound biotin essential for the ATP-dependent carboxylation. MCCC-beta possesses carboxyltransferase activity which presumably is essential for binding to 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA.
2170 high-affinity IgA receptor activity F Combining with high affinity with an immunoglobulin of an IgA isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
2171 low-affinity IgA receptor activity F Combining with low affinity with an immunoglobulin of an IgA isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
2172 high-affinity IgM receptor activity F Combining with high affinity with an immunoglobulin of an IgM isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
2173 low-affinity IgM receptor activity F Combining with low affinity with an immunoglobulin of an IgM isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
2174 mammary stem cell proliferation P The expansion of a mammary stem cell population by cell division. Mammary stem cells are a source of cells for growth of the mammary gland during puberty and gestation. These cells can give rise to both the luminal and myoepithelial cell types of the gland, and can regenerate the entire organ.
2175 protein localization to paranode region of axon P A cellular protein localization process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the paranode region of an axon.
2176 male germ cell proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of male germ cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
2177 manchette C A tubular array of microtubules that extends from the perinuclear ring surrounding the spermatid nucleus to the flagellar axoneme. The manchette may also contain F-actin filaments.
2178 palmitoyltransferase complex C A protein complex with palmitoyltransferase activity.
2179 homodimeric serine palmitoyltransferase complex C A homodimeric complex which transfers a palmitoyl group onto serine, forming 3-dehydro-D-sphinganine.
2180 5-lipoxygenase complex C An nuclear membrane protein complex having arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase activity.
2181 cytoplasmic translation P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a protein in the cytoplasm. This is a ribosome-mediated process in which the information in messenger RNA (mRNA) is used to specify the sequence of amino acids in the protein.
2182 cytoplasmic translational elongation P The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis in the cytoplasm.
2183 cytoplasmic translational initiation P The process preceding formation of the peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a protein in the cytoplasm. This includes the formation of a complex of the ribosome, mRNA, and an initiation complex that contains the first aminoacyl-tRNA.
2184 cytoplasmic translational termination P The process resulting in the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome in the cytoplasm, usually in response to a termination codon.
2185 creatine kinase complex C A protein complex having creatine kinase activity.
2186 cytosolic creatine kinase complex C A dimeric protein complex having creatine kinase activity.
2187 mitochondrial creatine kinase complex C An octomeric protein complex having creatine kinase activity.
2188 translation reinitiation P A gene-specific translational control mechanism where the small ribosomal subunit remains attached to the mRNA following termination of translation, then resumes scanning on the same mRNA molecule and initiates again at a downstream start site. Reinitiation depends on de novo recruitment of the ternary complex that is required to recognize the next AUG codon.
2189 ribose phosphate diphosphokinase complex C A protein complex having ribose phosphate diphosphokinase activity.
2190 cap-independent translational initiation P The process where translation initiation recruits the 40S ribosomal subunits in a Cap and 5' end independent fashion before an AUG codon is encountered in an appropriate sequence context to initiate mRNA translation.
2191 cap-dependent translational initiation P The process where the "Cap structure" (composed of a 7- methylguanosine (m7G) group and associated cap-binding proteins) located at the 5' end of an mRNA molecule, which serves as a "molecular tag" that marks the spot where the 40S ribosomal subunit is recruited and will then scan in a 5' to 3' direction until an AUG codon is encountered in an appropriate sequence context to initiate mRNA translation.
2192 IRES-dependent translational initiation P The process where translation initiation recruits the 40S ribosomal subunits via an internal ribosome entry segment (IRES) before an AUG codon is encountered in an appropriate sequence context to initiate mRNA translation.
2193 MAML1-RBP-Jkappa- ICN1 complex C A protein complex that consists of the intracellular domain of Notch1 (ICN1), the DNA-binding transcription factor RBP-Jkappa, and the transcriptional coactivator Mastermind-like-1 (MAML1); the complex is involved in transcriptional activation in response to Notch-mediated signaling.
2194 hepatocyte cell migration P The orderly movement of a hepatocyte during the development of the liver. Hepatocytes emerge from the hepatic epithelium, populating the septum transversum and lateral mesenchymal areas of the hepatic lobes.
2195 2-methylthio-N-6-(cis-hydroxy)isopentenyl adenosine-tRNA biosynthesis P The chemical reactions and pathways involved in the biosynthesis of 2-methylthio-N-6-(cis-hydroxy)isopentenyl adenosine (ms2io6A), a modified nucleoside present in position 37 (adjacent to and 3' of the anticodon) of tRNAs.
2196 Ser-tRNA(Ala) hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of misacylated Ser-tRNA(Ala).
2197 xanthine dehydrogenase complex C A homodimeric protein complex having xanthine dehydrogenase activity.
2199 zona pellucida receptor complex C A multisubunit complex comprising the chaperonin-containing T-complex and several other components involved in mediating sperm-oocyte Interaction.
2200 somatic diversification of immune receptors P The somatic process allowing for the production of immune receptors whose specificity is not encoded in the germline genomic sequences.
2201 somatic diversification of DSCAM-based immune receptors P The somatic process that results in the generation of sequence diversity of the DSCAM-based immune receptors of insects.
2202 somatic diversification of variable lymphocyte receptors of jawless fish P The somatic process that results in the generation of sequence diversity of the variable lymphocyte receptors (VLR) of jawless fish.
2203 proteolysis by cytosolic proteases associated with antigen processing and presentation P The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein by cytosolic resident proteases during antigen processing and presentation.
2204 somatic recombination of immunoglobulin genes involved in immune response P The process in which immunoglobulin genes are formed through recombination of the germline genetic elements, also known as immunoglobulin gene segments, within a single locus following the induction of and contributing to an immune response.
2205 somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes involved in immune response P Mutations occurring somatically that result in amino acid changes in the rearranged V regions of immunoglobulins following the induction of and contributing to an immune response.
2206 gene conversion of immunoglobulin genes P The somatic process in which immunoglobulin genes are diversified through the mechanism of gene conversion.
2207 gene conversion of immunoglobulin genes involved in immune response P The somatic process in which immunoglobulin genes are diversified through the mechanism of gene conversion following the induction of and contributing to an immune response.
2208 somatic diversification of immunoglobulins involved in immune response P The somatic process that results in the generation of sequence diversity of immunoglobulins after induction, and contributes to an immune response.
2209 behavioral defense response P A behavioral response seeking to protect an organism from an a perceived external threat to that organism.
2210 behavioral response to wounding P A behavioral response resulting from wounding.
2211 behavioral defense response to insect P A behavioral response seeking to protect an organism from an a perceived external threat from an insect or insects to that organism.
2212 behavioral defense response to nematode P A behavioral response seeking to protect an organism from an a perceived external threat from a nematode or nematodes to that organism.
2213 defense response to insect P A response to protect an organism from a directly detected or perceived external threat from an insect or insects to that organism.
2215 defense response to nematode P A response to protect an organism from a directly detected or perceived external threat from a nematode or nematodes, which results in restriction of damage to the organism attacked or prevention/recovery from the infection caused by the attack.
2218 activation of innate immune response P Any process that initiates an innate immune response. Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens. Examples of this process include activation of the hypersensitive response of Arabidopsis thaliana and activation of any NOD or TLR signaling pathway in vertebrate species.
2220 innate immune response activating cell surface receptor signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals leading to activation of the innate immune response generated as a consequence of binding to a cell surface receptor.
2221 pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) binding to one of its physiological ligands. PRRs bind pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs), structures conserved among microbial species, or damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMPs), endogenous molecules released from damaged cells.
2222 stimulatory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor capable of cellular activation.
2223 stimulatory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a C-type lectin receptor capable of cellular activation.
2224 toll-like receptor signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a toll-like receptor. Toll-like receptors directly bind pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate innate immune response.
2225 positive regulation of antimicrobial peptide production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antimicrobial peptide production.
2227 innate immune response in mucosa P Any process of the innate immune response that takes place in the mucosal tissues.
2228 natural killer cell mediated immunity P The promotion of an immune response by natural killer cells through direct recognition of target cells or through the release of cytokines.
2229 defense response to oomycetes P Reactions triggered in response to the presence of oomycetes that act to protect the cell or organism.
2230 positive regulation of defense response to virus by host P Any host process that results in the promotion of antiviral immune response mechanisms, thereby limiting viral replication.
2231 detection of oomycetes P The series of events in which a stimulus from an oomycetes is received and converted into a molecular signal.
2232 leukocyte chemotaxis involved in inflammatory response P The movement of an immune cell in response to an external stimulus contributing to an inflammatory response.
2233 leukocyte chemotaxis involved in immune response P The movement of an immune cell in response to an external stimulus a part of an immune response.
2234 detection of endoplasmic reticulum overloading P The series of events in which a stimulus generated by the accumulation of normal or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum is received and converted into a molecular signal.
2235 detection of unfolded protein P The series of events in which an unfolded protein stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
2236 detection of misfolded protein P The series of events in which a misfolded protein stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
2237 response to molecule of bacterial origin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of bacterial origin such as peptides derived from bacterial flagellin.
2238 response to molecule of fungal origin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of fungal origin such as chito-octamer oligosaccharide.
2239 response to oomycetes P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from an oomycetes.
2240 response to molecule of oomycetes origin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of oomycetes origin.
2241 response to parasitic plant P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a parasitic plant.
2242 defense response to parasitic plant P Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a parasitic plant that act to protect an organism.
2243 detection of parasitic plant P The series of events in which a stimulus from a parasitic plant is received and converted into a molecular signal.
2244 hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation P The process in which precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a hematopoietic progenitor cell, a class of cell types including myeloid progenitor cells and lymphoid progenitor cells.
2246 wound healing involved in inflammatory response P The series of events that restore integrity to damaged tissue that contribute to an inflammatory response.
2247 clearance of damaged tissue involved in inflammatory response wound healing P The series of events leading to removal of necrotic debris that contribute to an inflammatory response.
2248 connective tissue replacement involved in inflammatory response wound healing P The series of events leading to growth of connective tissue when loss of tissues that are incapable of regeneration occurs, or when fibrinous exudate cannot be adequately cleared that contribute to an inflammatory response.
2249 lymphocyte anergy P Any process contributing to lymphocyte anergy, a state of functional inactivation.
2250 adaptive immune response P An immune response mediated by cells expressing specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process, and allowing for an enhanced secondary response to subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory).
2251 organ or tissue specific immune response P An immune response taking place in an organ or tissues such as the liver, brain, mucosa, or nervous system tissues.
2252 immune effector process P Any process of the immune system that can potentially contribute to an immune response.
2253 activation of immune response P Any process that initiates an immune response.
2254 kinin cascade P A series of reactions that takes place outside the cell that occur as a result of by-products of tissue damage, including collagen, cartilage, and basement membrane. The ultimate product of the kinin cascade include kallidin and bradykinin, agents known to induce smooth muscle contraction, vasoconstriction, and increased vascular permeability.
2255 tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade P A series of reactions that takes place outside the cell initiated by the action of tissue (glandular) kallikreins on low molecular weight kininogen in response to tissue damage. Tissue kallikreins are present in glandular tissues and their fluids, such as the salivary glands, sweat glands, pancreas, and kidney. The ultimate products of the tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade include kallidin and bradykinin, agents known to induce smooth muscle contraction, vasoconstriction, and increased vascular permeability.
2256 regulation of kinin cascade P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the kinin cascade.
2257 negative regulation of kinin cascade P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the kinin cascade.
2258 positive regulation of kinin cascade P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the kinin cascade.
2259 endothelial cell activation within high endothelial venule involved in immune response P A change in the morphology or behavior of an endothelial cell within a high endothelial venule resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
2260 lymphocyte homeostasis P The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of lymphocytes such that the total number of lymphocytes within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.
2261 mucosal lymphocyte homeostasis P The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of lymphocytes such that the total number of lymphocytes within the mucosal tissue of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.
2262 myeloid cell homeostasis P The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of myeloid cells such that the total number of myeloid cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.
2263 cell activation involved in immune response P A change in the morphology or behavior of a cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
2264 endothelial cell activation involved in immune response P A change in the morphology or behavior of an endothelial cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
2265 astrocyte activation involved in immune response P A change in the morphology or behavior of an astrocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
2266 follicular dendritic cell activation P A change in the morphology or behavior of a follicular dendritic cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand.
2267 follicular dendritic cell activation involved in immune response P A change in the morphology or behavior of a follicular dendritic cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
2268 follicular dendritic cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a follicular dendritic cell.
2269 leukocyte activation involved in inflammatory response P A change in the morphology or behavior of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an inflammatory response.
2270 plasmacytoid dendritic cell activation P A change in the morphology or behavior of a plasmacytoid dendritic cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand.
2271 plasmacytoid dendritic cell activation involved in immune response P A change in the morphology or behavior of a plasmacytoid dendritic cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
2272 plasmacytoid dendritic cell differentiation involved in immune response P The process in which an immature plasmacytoid dendritic cell acquires the specialized features of a mature plasmacytoid dendritic cell contributing to an immune response.
2273 plasmacytoid dendritic cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized hemopoietic precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a plasmacytoid dendritic cell.
2274 myeloid leukocyte activation P A change in the morphology or behavior of a myeloid leukocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand.
2275 myeloid cell activation involved in immune response P A change in the morphology or behavior of a myeloid cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
2276 basophil activation involved in immune response P A change in morphology and behavior of a basophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, soluble factor, or to (at least in mammals) an antigen which the basophil has specifically bound via IgE bound to Fc-epsilonRI receptors, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
2277 myeloid dendritic cell activation involved in immune response P The change in morphology and behavior of a myeloid dendritic cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
2278 eosinophil activation involved in immune response P The change in morphology and behavior of a eosinophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
2279 mast cell activation involved in immune response P The change in morphology and behavior of a mast cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, soluble factor, or to (at least in mammals) an antigen which the mast cell has specifically bound via IgE bound to Fc-epsilonRI receptors, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
2280 monocyte activation involved in immune response P The change in morphology and behavior of a monocyte resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
2281 macrophage activation involved in immune response P A change in morphology and behavior of a macrophage resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
2282 microglial cell activation involved in immune response P The change in morphology and behavior of a microglial cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
2283 neutrophil activation involved in immune response P The change in morphology and behavior of a neutrophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
2284 myeloid dendritic cell differentiation involved in immune response P The process in which an immature myeloid dendritic cell acquires the specialized features of a mature myeloid dendritic cell as part of an immune response.
2285 lymphocyte activation involved in immune response P A change in morphology and behavior of a lymphocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
2286 T cell activation involved in immune response P The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
2287 alpha-beta T cell activation involved in immune response P The change in morphology and behavior of an alpha-beta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
2288 NK T cell activation involved in immune response P The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature natural killer T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
2289 NK T cell proliferation involved in immune response P The expansion of a NK T cell population by cell division as part of an immune response.
2290 gamma-delta T cell activation involved in immune response P The change in morphology and behavior of a gamma-delta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
2291 T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell P The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature T cell resulting from exposure to an antigen for which its T cell receptor is specific bound to an MHC molecule on an antigen presenting cell, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
2292 T cell differentiation involved in immune response P The process in which an antigenically naive T cell acquires the specialized features of an effector, regulatory, or memory T cell as part of an immune response. Effector T cells include cells which provide T cell help or exhibit cytotoxicity towards other cells.
2293 alpha-beta T cell differentiation involved in immune response P The process in which an antigenically naive alpha-beta T cell acquires the specialized features of an effector, regulatory, or memory T cell during an immune response. Effector T cells include cells which provide T cell help or exhibit cytotoxicity towards other cells.
2294 CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation involved in immune response P The process in which an antigenically naive CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell acquires the specialized features of an effector, regulatory, or memory T cell as part of an immune response. Effector T cells include cells which provide T cell help or exhibit cytotoxicity towards other cells.
2295 T-helper cell lineage commitment P The process in which a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell becomes committed to becoming a T-helper cell, a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell specialized to promote various immunological processes.
2296 T-helper 1 cell lineage commitment P The process in which a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell becomes committed to becoming a T-helper 1 cell, a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell specialized to promote immunological processes often associated with resistance to intracellular bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, and pathological conditions such as arthritis.
2297 T-helper 2 cell lineage commitment P The process in which a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell becomes committed to becoming a T-helper 2 cell, a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell specialized to promote immunological processes often associated with resistance to extracellular organisms such as helminths, enhanced production of particular antibody isotypes, and pathological conditions such as allergy.
2298 CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation involved in immune response P The process in which an antigenically naive CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell acquires the specialized features of a CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell as part of an immune response.
2299 alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell differentiation P The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of an alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell. Intraepithelial T cells are found among epithelial cells in mucosal areas and have distinct phenotypes and developmental pathways.
2300 CD8-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell differentiation P The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD8-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell. Intraepithelial T cells are found among epithelial cells in mucosal areas and have distinct phenotypes and developmental pathways.
2301 CD4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell differentiation P The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell. Intraepithelial T cells are found among epithelial cells in mucosal areas and have distinct phenotypes and developmental pathways.
2302 CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation involved in immune response P The process in which an antigenically naive CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell acquires the specialized features of an effector, regulatory, or memory T cell as part of an immune response. Effector T cells include cells which provide T cell help or exhibit cytotoxicity towards other cells.
2303 gamma-delta T cell differentiation involved in immune response P The process in which an antigenically naive gamma-delta T cell acquires the specialized features of an effector, regulatory, or memory T cell and contributes to an immune response. Effector T cells include cells which provide T cell help or exhibit cytotoxicity towards other cells.
2304 gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell differentiation P The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell. Intraepithelial T cells are found among epithelial cells in mucosal areas and have distinct phenotypes and developmental pathways.
2305 CD8-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell differentiation P The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD8-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell. Intraepithelial T cells are found among epithelial cells in mucosal areas and have distinct phenotypes and developmental pathways.
2306 CD4-positive gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell differentiation P The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD4-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell. Intraepithelial T cells are found among epithelial cells in mucosal areas and have distinct phenotypes and developmental pathways.
2307 CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation P The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell.
2308 CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell differentiation P The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell.
2309 T cell proliferation involved in immune response P The expansion of a T cell population by cell division as part of an immune response.
2310 alpha-beta T cell proliferation involved in immune response P The expansion of an alpha-beta T cell population by cell division as part of an immune response.
2311 gamma-delta T cell proliferation involved in immune response P The expansion of a gamma-delta T cell population by cell division as part of an immune response.
2312 B cell activation involved in immune response P The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature B cell during an immune response, resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.
2313 mature B cell differentiation involved in immune response P The process in which a naive B cell acquires the specialized features of a mature or memory B cell during an immune response.
2314 germinal center B cell differentiation P The process in which a B cell in the spleen acquires the specialized features of a germinal center B cell. Germinal center B cells are rapidly cycling B cells which have downregulated IgD expression and exhibit high levels of binding by peanut agglutinin (PNA).
2315 marginal zone B cell differentiation P The process in which a B cell in the spleen acquires the specialized features of a marginal zone B cell. Marginal zone B cells are localized in a distinct anatomical region of the spleen that represents the major antigen-filtering and scavenging area (by specialized macrophages resident there). It appears that they are preselected to express a BCR repertoire similar to B-1 B cells, biased toward bacterial cell wall constituents and senescent self-components (such as oxidized LDL).
2316 follicular B cell differentiation P The process in which a B cell in the spleen acquires the specialized features of a follicular B cell. Follicular B cells are major population of mature recirculating B cells in the spleen and are located in the B-cell follicle region.
2317 plasma cell differentiation P The process in which a B cell acquires the specialized features of a plasma cell. A plasma cell is a lymphocyte which develops from a B cell and produces high amounts of antibody.
2318 myeloid progenitor cell differentiation P The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a myeloid progenitor cell. Myeloid progenitor cells include progenitor cells for any of the myeloid lineages.
2319 memory B cell differentiation P The process in which a B cell acquires the specialized features of a memory B cell. Memory B cells are cells that can respond rapidly to antigen re-exposure by production of high-affinity antibody.
2320 lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation P The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a lymphoid progenitor cell. Lymphoid progenitor cells include progenitor cells for any of the lymphoid lineages.
2321 natural killer cell progenitor differentiation P The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a natural killer cell progenitor.
2322 B cell proliferation involved in immune response P The expansion of a B cell population by cell division following B cell activation during an immune response.
2323 natural killer cell activation involved in immune response P The change in morphology and behavior of a natural killer cell resulting from exposure a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
2324 natural killer cell proliferation involved in immune response P The expansion of a natural killer cell population by cell division as part of an immune response.
2325 natural killer cell differentiation involved in immune response P The process in which a naive natural killer cell acquires the specialized features of an effector natural killer T cell as part of an immune response.
2326 B cell lineage commitment P The process in which a lymphoid progenitor cell becomes committed to become any type of B cell.
2327 immature B cell differentiation P The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of an immature B cell.
2328 pro-B cell differentiation P The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a pro-B cell. Pro-B cells are the earliest stage of the B cell lineage and undergo heavy chain D and J gene rearrangements, although they are not fully committed.
2329 pre-B cell differentiation P The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a pre-B cell. Pre-B cells follow the pro-B cell stage of immature B cell differentiation and undergo rearrangement of heavy chain V, D, and J gene segments.
2330 pre-B cell receptor expression P The process leading up to expression of the pre-B cell receptor on the surface of pre-B cells, including expression of the surrogate light chain, association of the surrogate light chain with heavy chain, and expression of the complete pre-B cell receptor on the cell surface.
2331 pre-B cell allelic exclusion P Expression of a single heavy chain allele during pre-B cell differentiation.
2332 transitional stage B cell differentiation P The process in which immature B cells from the bone marrow become mature B cells in the spleen. Transitional stage B cells are subdivided into transitional one (T1) and transitional two (T2) stages and are short-lived and functionally incompetent.
2333 transitional one stage B cell differentiation P The process in which immature B cells from the bone marrow acquire the specialized features of T1 stage B cells in the spleen. T1 stage B cells do not express either CD23 or CD21.
2334 transitional two stage B cell differentiation P The process in which immature B cells from the bone marrow acquire the specialized features of T2 stage B cells in the spleen. T2 stage B cells express CD23 but not CD21.
2335 mature B cell differentiation P The process in which transitional stage B cells acquire the specialized features of mature B cells in the spleen.
2336 B-1 B cell lineage commitment P The process in which an immature B cell becomes committed to become a B-1 B cell.
2337 B-1a B cell differentiation P The process in which B cells acquire the specialized features of B-1a B cells. B-1a B cells are B-1 cells that express CD5 and arise from fetal liver precursors.
2338 B-1b B cell differentiation P The process in which B cells acquire the specialized features of B-1b B cells. B-1b B cells are B-1 cells that do not express CD5.
2339 B cell selection P The process dependent upon B cell antigen receptor signaling in response to self or foreign antigen through which B cells are selected for survival.
2340 central B cell selection P Any B cell selection process that occurs in the bone marrow.
2341 central B cell anergy P Any process contributing to anergy, a state of functional inactivation that occurs as part of tolerance induction, in B cells in the bone marrow.
2342 central B cell deletion P The deletion of B cells by apoptotic process occurring as part of central tolerance induction and B cell selection.
2343 peripheral B cell selection P Any B cell selection process that occurs in the periphery.
2344 B cell affinity maturation P The process in which B cells produce antibodies with increased antigen affinity. This is accomplished by somatic hypermutation and selection for B cells which produce higher affinity antibodies to antigen.
2345 peripheral B cell receptor editing P The process that takes place mainly in germinal center B cells in which a large number of mutations are generated in the heavy chain and light chain V-region genes and their immediately surrounding introns in order to increase antibody diversity and contribute to affinity maturation.
2346 B cell positive selection P Any process in which B cells are selected to survive based on signaling through the B cell antigen receptor.
2347 response to tumor cell P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a tumor cell.
2348 central B cell positive selection P Any process leading to positive selection of B cells in the bone marrow. Positive selection is the process in which B or T cells are selected to survive based on signaling through their antigen receptors.
2349 histamine production involved in inflammatory response P The synthesis or release of histamine following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
2350 peripheral B cell positive selection P Any process leading to positive selection of B cells in the periphery. Positive selection is the process in which B or T cells are selected to survive based on signaling through their antigen receptors.
2351 serotonin production involved in inflammatory response P The synthesis or release of serotonin following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
2352 B cell negative selection P Any process leading to negative selection in B cells. Mechanisms of negative selection include anergy and deletion.
2353 plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade P A series of reactions that takes place outside the cell occurring in response to tissue damage and initiated within blood plasma by the action of activated Factor XII (Hageman Factor) on prekallikrein to convert it to plasma kallikrein, and the subsequent reaction of plasma kallikrein with high molecular weight kininogen. The ultimate product of the plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade is bradykinin, an agent known to induce smooth muscle contraction, vasoconstriction, and increased vascular permeability.
2354 central B cell negative selection P Any process leading to negative selection of B cells in the bone marrow.
2355 detection of tumor cell P The series of events in which a stimulus from a tumor cell is received and converted into a molecular signal.
2356 peripheral B cell negative selection P Any process leading to negative selection of B cells in the periphery.
2357 defense response to tumor cell P Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a tumor cell that act to protect the cell or organism.
2358 B cell homeostatic proliferation P The non-specific expansion of B cell populations within a whole or part of an organism to reach to a total number of B cells which will then remain stable over time in the absence of an external stimulus.
2359 B-1 B cell proliferation P The expansion of a B-1 B cell by cell division. Follows B cell activation.
2360 T cell lineage commitment P The process in which a lymphoid progenitor cell becomes committed to becoming any type of T cell.
2361 CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation P The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell.
2362 CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell lineage commitment P The process in which a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell becomes committed to becoming a CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell.
2363 alpha-beta T cell lineage commitment P The process in which a pro-T cell becomes committed to becoming an alpha-beta T cell.
2364 NK T cell lineage commitment P The process in which a pro-T cell becomes committed to becoming an NK T cell.
2365 gamma-delta T cell lineage commitment P The process in which a pro-T cell becomes committed to becoming a gamma-delta T cell.
2366 leukocyte activation involved in immune response P A change in morphology and behavior of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
2367 cytokine production involved in immune response P The appearance of a cytokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus contributing to an immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
2368 B cell cytokine production P Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a B cell.
2369 T cell cytokine production P Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a T cell.
2370 natural killer cell cytokine production P Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a natural killer cell.
2371 dendritic cell cytokine production P Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a dendritic cell.
2372 myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production P Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a myeloid dendritic cell.
2373 plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production P Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a plasmacytoid dendritic cell.
2374 cytokine secretion involved in immune response P The regulated release of cytokines from a cell that contributes to an immune response.
2375 cytokine biosynthetic process involved in immune response P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cytokine that contributes to an immune response.
2376 immune system process P Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats.
2377 immunoglobulin production P The appearance of immunoglobulin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
2378 immunoglobulin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of immunoglobulin.
2379 immunoglobulin biosynthetic process involved in immune response P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of immunoglobulin contributing to an immune response.
2380 immunoglobulin secretion involved in immune response P The regulated release of immunoglobulins from a B cell or plasma cell contributing to an immune response.
2381 immunoglobulin production involved in immunoglobulin mediated immune response P The appearance of immunoglobulin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus during an immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
2382 regulation of tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade.
2383 immune response in brain or nervous system P An immune response taking place in the brain or nervous system.
2384 hepatic immune response P An immune response taking place in the liver.
2385 mucosal immune response P An immune response taking place in mucosal tissues, including those of the intestinal tract, nasal and upper respiratory tract, and genital tract.
2386 immune response in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue P Immune response taking place in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue is typically found as nodules associated with mucosal epithelia with distinct internal structures including B- and T-zones for the activation of lymphocytes.
2387 immune response in gut-associated lymphoid tissue P Immune response taking place in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). GALT includes Peyer's patches, appendix, and solitary lymph nodules.
2388 immune response in Peyer's patch P Immune response taking place in the Peyer's patch, nodular lymphoid structures on the serosal surface of the small intestine.
2389 tolerance induction in Peyer's patch P Tolerance induction taking place in the Peyer's patches.
2390 platelet activating factor production P The synthesis or release of platelet activating factor following a stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
2391 platelet activating factor production involved in inflammatory response P The synthesis or release of platelet activating factor following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
2392 platelet activating factor secretion P The regulated release of platelet activating factor by a cell.
2393 lysosomal enzyme production involved in inflammatory response P The synthesis or release of lysosomal enzymes following a stimulus as part of a inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in intracellular or extracellular levels.
2394 tolerance induction in gut-associated lymphoid tissue P Tolerance induction taking place in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT).
2395 immune response in nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissue P An immune response taking place in the nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT). NALT includes the tonsils and adenoids.
2396 MHC protein complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an MHC protein complex.
2397 MHC class I protein complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an MHC class I protein complex. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.
2398 MHC class Ib protein complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an MHC class Ib protein complex. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules.
2399 MHC class II protein complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an MHC class II protein complex.
2400 tolerance induction in nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissue P Tolerance induction taking place in the nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT).
2401 tolerance induction in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue P Tolerance induction taking place in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT).
2402 B cell tolerance induction in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue P Tolerance induction taking place in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) mediated by B cells.
2403 T cell tolerance induction in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue P Tolerance induction taking place in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) mediated by T cells.
2404 antigen sampling in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue P The process of apical-to-basolateral delivery of soluble and particulate antigens to underlying mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue.
2405 antigen sampling by dendritic cells in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue P The process of antigen sampling carried out by dendritic cells in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue.
2406 antigen sampling by M cells in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue P The process of antigen samples carried out by M cells in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue.
2407 dendritic cell chemotaxis P The movement of a dendritic cell in response to an external stimulus.
2408 myeloid dendritic cell chemotaxis P The movement of a myeloid dendritic cell in response to an external stimulus.
2409 Langerhans cell chemotaxis P The movement of a Langerhans cell in response to an external stimulus.
2410 plasmacytoid dendritic cell chemotaxis P The movement of a plasmacytoid dendritic cell in response to an external stimulus.
2411 T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell P A process of tolerance induction dependent on T cells which leads to immunological tolerance of a tumor.
2412 antigen transcytosis by M cells in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue P The process of antigen transcytosis carried out by M cells in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). Transcytosis is the process of the directed movement of endocytosed material through the cell and its exocytosis from the plasma membrane at the opposite side. M cells are specialized epithelia cells with a microfold structure that are adept at moving antigens from the gut lumen to antigen presenting cells in the MALT.
2413 tolerance induction to tumor cell P A process of tolerance induction which leads to immunological tolerance of a tumor.
2414 immunoglobulin transcytosis in epithelial cells P The process of transporting immunoglobulin, via transcytosis, from one side of an epithelial cell to the other.
2415 immunoglobulin transcytosis in epithelial cells mediated by polymeric immunoglobulin receptor P The process of transporting polymeric IgA and polymeric IgM immunoglobulin, via transcytosis mediated by the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), from the basolateral surface to apical surface of an epithelial cell. At the apical surface the immunoglobulin binding portion of the pIgRis cleaved and remains bound to the transported immunoglobulin as secretory component (SC). The same process is used for the transport and excretion of IgA immune complexes to the luminal surface of the mucosa.
2416 IgG immunoglobulin transcytosis in epithelial cells mediated by FcRn immunoglobulin receptor P The process of transporting IgG immunoglobulin, via transcytosis using the FcRn (also known as the neonatal Fc receptor; gene name FCGRT), from apical surface of an epithelial cell to the basolateral surface or vice versa depending on the location. This process is used for uptake of IgG from the milk in the gut in rodents, for transplacental transport of IgG from mother to embryo in humans, and for maintenance of a steady-state distribution of IgG across epithelial boundaries in general in adult mammals.
2417 B cell antigen processing and presentation mediated by B cell receptor uptake of antigen P B cell antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen bound to the B cell receptor.
2418 immune response to tumor cell P An immune system process that functions in the response of an organism to a tumor cell.
2419 T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target P The directed killing of a tumor cell by a T cell through the release of granules containing cytotoxic mediators or through the engagement of death receptors.
2420 natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target P The directed killing of a tumor cell by a natural killer cell through the release of granules containing cytotoxic mediators or through the engagement of death receptors.
2421 B cell antigen processing and presentation following pinocytosis P B cell antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen via pinocytosis.
2422 immune response in urogenital tract P An immune response taking place in the urogenital tract. The urogenital tract.
2423 natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell P An immune response mediated by a natural killer cell triggered in response to the presence of a tumor cell.
2424 T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell P An immune response mediated by a T cell triggered in response to the presence of a tumor cell.
2425 tolerance induction in urogenital tract P Tolerance induction taking place in the urogenital tract.
2426 immunoglobulin production in mucosal tissue P The synthesis and release of immunoglobulin in the mucosal tissue.
2427 mucosal tolerance induction P Tolerance induction taking place in the mucosal tissues.
2428 antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib P The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses peptide antigen in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex on its cell surface. The peptide antigen may originate from an endogenous or exogenous protein. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E family.
2429 immune response-activating cell surface receptor signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of a cell capable of activating or perpetuating an immune response.
2430 complement receptor mediated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a component of the complement pathway binding to a complement receptor. Such components include both whole complement proteins and fragments of complement proteins generated through the activity of the complement pathway.
2431 Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a the binding of the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin by an Fc receptor capable of activating or perpetuating an immune response. The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin is its C-terminal constant region.
2432 granuloma formation P The formation of nodular inflammatory lesions, usually small or granular, firm, persistent, well-structured, and containing compactly grouped T lymphocytes and modified phagocytes such as epithelioid cells, giant cells, and other macrophages. Granuloma formation represents a chronic inflammatory response initiated by various infectious and noninfectious agents. The center of a granuloma consists of fused macrophages, which can become necrotic.
2433 immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis P An immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signaling pathway that contributes to the endocytic engulfment of external particulate material by phagocytes.
2434 immune complex clearance P A process directed at removing immune complexes from the body. Immune complexes are clusters of antibodies bound to antigen, to which complement may also be fixed, and which may precipitate or remain in solution.
2435 immune complex clearance by erythrocytes P The process of immune complex clearance by erythrocytes.
2436 immune complex clearance by monocytes and macrophages P The process of immune complex clearance by monocytes or macrophages.
2437 inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus P An inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus, which can be include any number of T cell or B cell epitopes.
2438 acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus P An acute inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. An acute inflammatory response occurs within a matter of minutes or hours, and either resolves within a few days or becomes a chronic inflammatory response.
2439 chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus P A chronic inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. A chronic inflammatory response persists indefinitely during days, weeks, or months in the life of an individual.
2440 production of molecular mediator of immune response P The synthesis or release of any molecular mediator of the immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
2441 histamine secretion involved in inflammatory response P The regulated release of histamine by a cell as part of an inflammatory response.
2442 serotonin secretion involved in inflammatory response P The regulated release of serotonin by a cell as part of an inflammatory response.
2443 leukocyte mediated immunity P Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a leukocyte.
2444 myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity P Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a myeloid leukocyte.
2445 type II hypersensitivity P An inflammatory response resulting in cell death or dysfunction mediated by activation of the classical complement pathway or induction of effector cell phagocytosis, cytolysis mechanisms via complement or Fc receptors following the binding of antibodies to cell surface antigens on a target cell, or mediated by the direct binding of antibody to cellular receptors.
2446 neutrophil mediated immunity P Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a neutrophil.
2447 eosinophil mediated immunity P Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by an eosinophil.
2448 mast cell mediated immunity P Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a mast cell.
2449 lymphocyte mediated immunity P Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a lymphocyte.
2450 B cell antigen processing and presentation P The process in which a B cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.
2451 peripheral B cell tolerance induction P Tolerance induction of mature B cells in the peripheral lymphoid tissues: the blood, lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue.
2452 B cell receptor editing P The process of replacing receptors on B cells, in which RAG gene expression allows continued light-chain gene rearrangement and expression of a new light change which combines with the previous heavy chain to form a new receptor.
2453 peripheral B cell anergy P Any process contributing to anergy, a state of functional inactivation that occurs as part of tolerance induction, in peripheral B cells.
2454 peripheral B cell deletion P The deletion of B cells by apoptotic process occurring as part of peripheral tolerance induction and B cell selection.
2455 humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin P An immune response dependent upon secreted immunoglobulin. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.
2456 T cell mediated immunity P Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a T cell.
2457 T cell antigen processing and presentation P The process in which a T cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.
2458 peripheral T cell tolerance induction P Tolerance induction of T cells in the periphery, in this case, any location in the body other than the thymus.
2459 adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from leucine-rich repeat domains P An immune response mediated by lymphocytes expressing specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process that includes somatic recombination of variable lymphocyte receptors (VLR) incorporating leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains, and allowing for enhanced responses upon subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory). Examples of this process are found in jawless fish, including the lampreys (Petromyzontidae) and hagfishes (Myxinidae).
2460 adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains P An immune response mediated by lymphocytes expressing specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process that includes somatic recombination of germline gene segments encoding immunoglobulin superfamily domains. Recombined receptors for antigen encoded by immunoglobulin superfamily domains include T cell receptors and immunoglobulins (antibodies) produced by B cells. The first encounter with antigen elicits a primary immune response that is slow and not of great magnitude. T and B cells selected by antigen become activated and undergo clonal expansion. A fraction of antigen-reactive T and B cells become memory cells, whereas others differentiate into effector cells. The memory cells generated during the primary response enable a much faster and stronger secondary immune response upon subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory). An example of this is the adaptive immune response found in Mus musculus.
2461 tolerance induction dependent upon immune response P Tolerance induction dependent upon an immune response, typically a response by a mature T or B cell in the periphery resulting tolerance towards an antigen via induction of anergy, cellular deletion, or regulatory T cell activation.
2462 tolerance induction to nonself antigen P Tolerance induction in response to nonself antigens.
2463 central tolerance induction to nonself antigen P Tolerance induction to nonself antigens in the central lymphoid organs.
2464 peripheral tolerance induction to nonself antigen P Tolerance induction to nonself antigens in the periphery.
2465 peripheral tolerance induction P Tolerance induction in the peripheral lymphoid tissues: blood, lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues.
2466 peripheral tolerance induction to self antigen P Tolerance induction to self antigens in the peripheral lymphoid tissues: blood, lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues.
2467 germinal center formation P The process in which germinal centers form. A germinal center is a specialized microenvironment formed when activated B cells enter lymphoid follicles. Germinal centers are the foci for B cell proliferation and somatic hypermutation.
2468 dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation P The process in which a dendritic cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.
2469 myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation P The process in which a myeloid dendritic cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.
2470 plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation P The process in which a plasmacytoid dendritic cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.
2471 monocyte antigen processing and presentation P The process in which a monocyte expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.
2472 macrophage antigen processing and presentation P The process in which a macrophage expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.
2473 non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation P The process in which a non-professional antigen presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. Non-professional antigen presenting cells include all cell types but dendritic cells, B cells, T cells, monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils.
2474 antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I P The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.
2475 antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib P The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the CD1 or HLA-E gene families.
2476 antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib P The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.
2477 antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib P The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.
2478 antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen P The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell.
2479 antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I, TAP-dependent P The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and is dependent on TAP transport from the cytosol to ER for association with the MHC class I molecule. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.
2480 antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I, TAP-independent P The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex following intracellular transport via a pathway not requiring TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing). The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.
2481 antigen processing and presentation of exogenous protein antigen via MHC class Ib, TAP-dependent P The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and is dependent on TAP transport from the cytosol to ER for association with the MHC class Ib molecule. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.
2482 antigen processing and presentation of exogenous protein antigen via MHC class Ib, TAP-independent P The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via a pathway not requiring TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing). The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.
2483 antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen P The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell.
2484 antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway P The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex following intracellular transport via an ER pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and becomes associated with the MHC class I molecule in the ER. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.
2485 antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-dependent P The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP-dependent ER pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and becomes associated with the MHC class I molecule in the ER following TAP-dependent transport from the cytosol. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.
2486 antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-independent P The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP-independent ER pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and becomes associated with the MHC class I molecule in the ER following transport from the cytosol via a TAP-independent pathway. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.
2487 antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via endolysosomal pathway P The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and becomes associated with the MHC class I molecule in an endolysosome. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.
2488 antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib via ER pathway P The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via an ER pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and becomes associated with the MHC class Ib molecule in the ER. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.
2489 antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib via ER pathway, TAP-dependent P The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and is dependent on TAP transport from the cytosol to ER for association with the MHC class Ib molecule. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.
2490 antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib via ER pathway, TAP-independent P The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via a pathway not requiring TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing). The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.
2491 antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II P The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein.
2492 peptide antigen assembly with MHC class Ib protein complex P The binding of a peptide antigen to the antigen binding groove of an MHC class Ib protein complex. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.
2493 lipid antigen assembly with MHC class Ib protein complex P The binding of a lipid antigen to the antigen binding groove of an MHC class Ib protein complex. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the CD1 gene family.
2494 lipid antigen transport P The directed movement of a lipid antigen into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
2495 antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II P The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein.
2496 proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation P The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein contributing to antigen processing and presentation.
2497 proteasomal proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation P The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein by the proteasome complex contributing to antigen processing and presentation.
2498 proteolysis within endoplasmic reticulum associated with antigen processing and presentation P The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein by ER resident proteases contributing to antigen processing and presentation.
2499 proteolysis within endosome associated with antigen processing and presentation P The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein by endosomal resident proteases contributing to antigen processing and presentation.
2500 proteolysis within lysosome associated with antigen processing and presentation P The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein by lysosomal resident proteases contributing to antigen processing and presentation.
2501 peptide antigen assembly with MHC protein complex P The binding of a peptide to the antigen binding groove of an MHC protein complex.
2502 peptide antigen assembly with MHC class I protein complex P The binding of a peptide to the antigen binding groove of an MHC class I protein complex. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.
2503 peptide antigen assembly with MHC class II protein complex P The binding of a peptide to the antigen binding groove of an MHC class II protein complex.
2504 antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II P The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or polysaccharide) on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex.
2505 antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II P The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a polysaccharide antigen on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex.
2506 polysaccharide assembly with MHC class II protein complex P The binding of a polysaccharide to the antigen binding groove of an MHC class II protein complex.
2507 tolerance induction P A process that directly activates any of the steps required for tolerance, a physiologic state in which the immune system does not react destructively against the components of an organism that harbors it or against antigens that are introduced to it.
2508 central tolerance induction P Tolerance induction in the central lymphoid organs: the thymus and bone marrow.
2509 central tolerance induction to self antigen P Tolerance induction in the central lymphoid organs directed at self antigens.
2510 central B cell tolerance induction P Tolerance induction of B cells in the bone marrow.
2511 central B cell receptor editing P Receptor editing occurring in B cells in the bone marrow.
2512 central T cell tolerance induction P Tolerance induction of T cells in the thymus.
2513 tolerance induction to self antigen P Tolerance induction directed at self antigens.
2514 B cell tolerance induction P A process involving any mechanism for tolerance induction in B cells.
2515 B cell anergy P Any process contributing to anergy in B cells, a state of functional inactivation which is part of B cell tolerance induction.
2516 B cell deletion P The apoptotic death of B cells which is part of B cell tolerance induction.
2517 T cell tolerance induction P A process involving any mechanism for tolerance induction in T cells.
2518 lymphocyte chemotaxis across high endothelial venule P The movement of a lymphocyte to cross a high endothelial venule in response to an external stimulus.
2519 natural killer cell tolerance induction P Tolerance induction of natural killer cells.
2520 immune system development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system whose objective is to provide calibrated responses by an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat, over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process.
2521 leukocyte differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized hemopoietic precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a leukocyte. A leukocyte is an achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue.
2522 leukocyte migration involved in immune response P The movement of a leukocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body as part of an immune response.
2523 leukocyte migration involved in inflammatory response P The movement of a leukocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body contributing to an inflammatory response.
2524 hypersensitivity P An inflammatory response to an exogenous environmental antigen or an endogenous antigen initiated by the adaptive immune system.
2525 acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus P An acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimuli such as heat or physical trauma.
2526 acute inflammatory response P Inflammation which comprises a rapid, short-lived, relatively uniform response to acute injury or antigenic challenge and is characterized by accumulations of fluid, plasma proteins, and granulocytic leukocytes. An acute inflammatory response occurs within a matter of minutes or hours, and either resolves within a few days or becomes a chronic inflammatory response.
2527 vasodilation involved in acute inflammatory response P An increase in the internal diameter of blood vessels, especially arterioles or capillaries, usually resulting in a decrease in blood pressure contributing to an acute inflammatory response.
2528 regulation of vascular permeability involved in acute inflammatory response P Any process that modulates the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid contributing to an acute inflammatory response.
2529 regulation of plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade.
2530 regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure involved in acute-phase response P Any process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system that contributes to the acute phase response. The acute phase response occurs during the early phases of an infection and is marked by changes in the production of plasma proteins such as C-reactive protein.
2531 regulation of heart contraction involved in acute-phase response P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction that contributes to the acute phase response. The acute phase response occurs during the early phases of an infection and is marked by changes in the production of plasma proteins such as C-reactive protein.
2532 production of molecular mediator involved in inflammatory response P The synthesis or release of any molecular mediator of the inflammatory response following an inflammatory stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
2533 lysosomal enzyme secretion involved in inflammatory response P The regulated release of lysosomal enzymes by a cell as part of an inflammatory response.
2534 cytokine production involved in inflammatory response P The synthesis or release of a cytokine following a inflammatory stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
2535 platelet activating factor secretion involved in inflammatory response P The regulated release of platelet activating factor by a cell as part of an inflammatory response.
2536 respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response P A phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals, resulting in an increase in their intracellular or extracellular levels.
2537 nitric oxide production involved in inflammatory response P The synthesis or release of nitric oxide following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
2538 arachidonic acid metabolite production involved in inflammatory response P The synthesis or release of products of arachidonic acid metabolism following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in their intracellular or extracellular levels.
2539 prostaglandin production involved in inflammatory response P The synthesis or release of any prostaglandin following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
2540 leukotriene production involved in inflammatory response P The synthesis or release of any leukotriene following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
2541 activation of plasma proteins involved in acute inflammatory response P Any process activating plasma proteins by proteolysis as part of an acute inflammatory response.
2542 Factor XII activation P Any process that activates Factor XII (Hageman factor). Factor XII is a protein synthesized by the liver that circulates in an inactive form until it encounters collagen or basement membrane or activated platelets (as occurs at the site of endothelial injury). Factor XII then undergoes a conformational change (becoming factor XIIa), exposing an active serine center that can subsequently cleave protein substrates and activate a variety of mediator systems. Factor XII is a participant in the clotting cascade as well as the kinin cascade.
2543 activation of blood coagulation via clotting cascade P Any process that initiates the clotting cascade of blood coagulation, a cascade of plasma enzymes that is triggered following damage to blood vessels, leading to formation of a clot.
2544 chronic inflammatory response P Inflammation of prolonged duration (weeks or months) in which active inflammation, tissue destruction, and attempts at repair are proceeding simultaneously. Although it may follow acute inflammation, chronic inflammation frequently begins insidiously, as a low-grade, smoldering, often asymptomatic response.
2545 chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus P A chronic inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus such as heat or physical trauma.
2546 negative regulation of tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade.
2547 positive regulation of tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade.
2548 monocyte chemotaxis P The movement of a monocyte in response to an external stimulus.
2549 negative regulation of plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade.
2550 positive regulation of plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade.
2551 mast cell chemotaxis P The movement of a mast cell in response to an external stimulus.
2552 serotonin secretion by mast cell P The regulated release of serotonin by a mast cell or group of mast cells.
2553 histamine secretion by mast cell P The regulated release of histamine by a mast cell or group of mast cells.
2554 serotonin secretion by platelet P The regulated release of serotonin by a platelet or group of platelets.
2555 histamine secretion by platelet P The regulated release of histamine by a platelet or group of platelets.
2556 serotonin secretion by basophil P The regulated release of serotonin by a basophil or group of basophils.
2557 histamine secretion by basophil P The regulated release of histamine by a basophil or group of basophils.
2558 type I hypersensitivity mediated by mast cells P An inflammatory response driven by antigen recognition by antibodies bound to Fc receptors on mast cells, occurring within minutes after exposure of a sensitized individual to the antigen, and leading to the release of a variety of inflammatory mediators such as histamines.
2559 type I hypersensitivity mediated by basophils P An inflammatory response driven by antigen recognition by antibodies bound to Fc receptors basophils, occurring within minutes after exposure of a sensitized individual to the antigen, and leading to the release of a variety of inflammatory mediators such as histamines.
2560 basophil mediated immunity P Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a basophil.
2561 basophil degranulation P The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as histamine, serotonin, and neutral proteases by a basophil.
2562 somatic diversification of immune receptors via germline recombination within a single locus P The process in which immune receptor genes are diversified through recombination of the germline genetic elements within a single genetic locus.
2563 somatic diversification of immune receptors via alternate splicing P The process in which immune receptor genes are diversified through alternate splicing.
2564 alternate splicing of immunoglobulin genes P The generation of alternate transcripts of immunoglobulin genes through alternate splicing of exons.
2565 somatic diversification of immune receptors via gene conversion P The process in which immune receptor genes are diversified through gene conversion.
2566 somatic diversification of immune receptors via somatic mutation P The process in which immune receptor genes are diversified through somatic mutation.
2567 somatic diversification of FREP-based immune receptors P The process that results in the generation of sequence diversity of the FREP-based immune receptors of snails.
2568 somatic diversification of T cell receptor genes P The somatic process that results in the generation of sequence diversity of T cell receptor genes.
2569 somatic diversification of immune receptors by N region addition P The addition of variable numbers of random nucleotides by terminal deoxytransferase in the N regions of heavy chain immunoglobulin and T cell receptor genes. N regions are found at the V-D, D-D, V-J, and D-J recombinational junctions, depending on the immune receptor gene.
2570 somatic diversification of immunoglobulin genes by N region addition P The addition of variable numbers of random nucleotides by terminal deoxytransferase in the N regions of heavy chain immunoglobulin genes. N regions are found at the V-D and D-J recombinational junctions.
2571 somatic diversification of T cell receptor genes by N region addition P The addition of variable numbers of random nucleotides by terminal deoxytransferase in the N regions of T cell receptor genes. N regions are found at the V-D, D-D, V-J, and D-J recombinational junctions, depending on the T cell receptor gene.
2572 pro-T cell differentiation P The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a pro-T cell. Pro-T cells are the earliest stage of the T cell lineage but are not fully committed.
2573 myeloid leukocyte differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of any cell of the myeloid leukocyte lineage.
2574 thrombocyte differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a thrombocyte, a nucleated cell found in all vertebrates but mammals involved in hemostasis.
2575 basophil chemotaxis P The movement of a basophil in response to an external stimulus.
2576 platelet degranulation P The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as histamine and serotonin by a platelet.
2577 regulation of antigen processing and presentation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation.
2578 negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation.
2579 positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation.
2580 regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen (peptide or polysaccharide) via MHC class II.
2581 negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen (peptide or polysaccharide) via MHC class II.
2582 positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen (peptide or polysaccharide) via MHC class II.
2583 regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen.
2584 negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen.
2585 positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen.
2586 regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II.
2587 negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II.
2588 positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II.
2589 regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I.
2590 negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I.
2591 positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I.
2592 regulation of antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen via MHC class Ib.
2593 negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen via MHC class Ib.
2594 positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen via MHC class Ib.
2595 regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib.
2596 negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib.
2597 positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib.
2598 regulation of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib.
2599 negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib.
2600 positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib.
2601 regulation of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II.
2602 negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II.
2603 positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II.
2604 regulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.
2605 negative regulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.
2606 positive regulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.
2607 regulation of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.
2608 negative regulation of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.
2609 positive regulation of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.
2610 regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.
2611 negative regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.
2612 positive regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.
2613 regulation of monocyte antigen processing and presentation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of monocyte antigen processing and presentation.
2614 negative regulation of monocyte antigen processing and presentation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of monocyte antigen processing and presentation.
2615 positive regulation of monocyte antigen processing and presentation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of monocyte antigen processing and presentation.
2616 regulation of macrophage antigen processing and presentation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of macrophage antigen processing and presentation.
2617 negative regulation of macrophage antigen processing and presentation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of macrophage antigen processing and presentation.
2618 positive regulation of macrophage antigen processing and presentation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of macrophage antigen processing and presentation.
2619 regulation of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation.
2620 negative regulation of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation.
2621 positive regulation of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation.
2622 regulation of B cell antigen processing and presentation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell antigen processing and presentation.
2623 negative regulation of B cell antigen processing and presentation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell antigen processing and presentation.
2624 positive regulation of B cell antigen processing and presentation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell antigen processing and presentation.
2625 regulation of T cell antigen processing and presentation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell antigen processing and presentation.
2626 negative regulation of T cell antigen processing and presentation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell antigen processing and presentation.
2627 positive regulation of T cell antigen processing and presentation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell antigen processing and presentation.
2628 regulation of proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation.
2629 negative regulation of proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation.
2630 positive regulation of proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation.
2631 regulation of granuloma formation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of granuloma formation.
2632 negative regulation of granuloma formation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of granuloma formation.
2633 positive regulation of granuloma formation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of granuloma formation.
2634 regulation of germinal center formation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of germinal center formation.
2635 negative regulation of germinal center formation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of germinal center formation.
2636 positive regulation of germinal center formation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of germinal center formation.
2637 regulation of immunoglobulin production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of immunoglobulin production.
2638 negative regulation of immunoglobulin production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of immunoglobulin production.
2639 positive regulation of immunoglobulin production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of immunoglobulin production.
2640 regulation of immunoglobulin biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of immunoglobulin biosynthesis.
2641 negative regulation of immunoglobulin biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of immunoglobulin biosynthesis.
2642 positive regulation of immunoglobulin biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of immunoglobulin biosynthesis.
2643 regulation of tolerance induction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction.
2644 negative regulation of tolerance induction P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction.
2645 positive regulation of tolerance induction P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction.
2646 regulation of central tolerance induction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of central tolerance induction.
2647 negative regulation of central tolerance induction P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of central tolerance induction.
2648 positive regulation of central tolerance induction P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of central tolerance induction.
2649 regulation of tolerance induction to self antigen P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to self antigen.
2650 negative regulation of tolerance induction to self antigen P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to self antigen.
2651 positive regulation of tolerance induction to self antigen P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to self antigen.
2652 regulation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response.
2653 negative regulation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response.
2654 positive regulation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response.
2655 regulation of tolerance induction to nonself antigen P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to nonself antigen.
2656 negative regulation of tolerance induction to nonself antigen P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to nonself antigen.
2657 positive regulation of tolerance induction to nonself antigen P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to nonself antigen.
2658 regulation of peripheral tolerance induction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral tolerance induction.
2659 negative regulation of peripheral tolerance induction P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral tolerance induction.
2660 positive regulation of peripheral tolerance induction P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral tolerance induction.
2661 regulation of B cell tolerance induction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell tolerance induction.
2662 negative regulation of B cell tolerance induction P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell tolerance induction.
2663 positive regulation of B cell tolerance induction P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell tolerance induction.
2664 regulation of T cell tolerance induction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell tolerance induction.
2665 negative regulation of T cell tolerance induction P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell tolerance induction.
2666 positive regulation of T cell tolerance induction P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell tolerance induction.
2667 regulation of T cell anergy P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell anergy.
2668 negative regulation of T cell anergy P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell anergy.
2669 positive regulation of T cell anergy P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell anergy.
2670 regulation of B cell anergy P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell anergy.
2671 negative regulation of B cell anergy P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell anergy.
2672 positive regulation of B cell anergy P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell anergy.
2673 regulation of acute inflammatory response P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response.
2674 negative regulation of acute inflammatory response P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response.
2675 positive regulation of acute inflammatory response P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response.
2676 regulation of chronic inflammatory response P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response.
2677 negative regulation of chronic inflammatory response P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response.
2678 positive regulation of chronic inflammatory response P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response.
2679 respiratory burst involved in defense response P A phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases made as part of a defense response; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.
2680 pro-T cell lineage commitment P The process in which a lymphoid progenitor cell becomes committed to becoming a pro-T cell.
2681 somatic recombination of T cell receptor gene segments P The process in which T cell receptor genes are formed through recombination of the germline genetic elements, also known as T cell receptor gene segments.
2682 regulation of immune system process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process.
2683 negative regulation of immune system process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process.
2684 positive regulation of immune system process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process.
2685 regulation of leukocyte migration P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte migration.
2686 negative regulation of leukocyte migration P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte migration.
2687 positive regulation of leukocyte migration P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte migration.
2688 regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte chemotaxis.
2689 negative regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte chemotaxis.
2690 positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte chemotaxis.
2691 regulation of cellular extravasation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cellular extravasation.
2692 negative regulation of cellular extravasation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of cellular extravasation.
2693 positive regulation of cellular extravasation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of cellular extravasation.
2694 regulation of leukocyte activation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte activation.
2695 negative regulation of leukocyte activation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte activation.
2696 positive regulation of leukocyte activation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte activation.
2697 regulation of immune effector process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process.
2698 negative regulation of immune effector process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process.
2699 positive regulation of immune effector process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process.
2700 regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the production of molecular mediator of immune response.
2701 negative regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the production of molecular mediator of immune response.
2702 positive regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the production of molecular mediator of immune response.
2703 regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated immunity.
2704 negative regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated immunity.
2705 positive regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated immunity.
2706 regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte mediated immunity.
2707 negative regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte mediated immunity.
2708 positive regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte mediated immunity.
2709 regulation of T cell mediated immunity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated immunity.
2710 negative regulation of T cell mediated immunity P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated immunity.
2711 positive regulation of T cell mediated immunity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated immunity.
2712 regulation of B cell mediated immunity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell mediated immunity.
2713 negative regulation of B cell mediated immunity P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell mediated immunity.
2714 positive regulation of B cell mediated immunity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell mediated immunity.
2715 regulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immunity.
2716 negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immunity.
2717 positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immunity.
2718 regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine production that contributes to an immune response.
2719 negative regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine production contributing to an immune response.
2720 positive regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine production that contributes to an immune response.
2721 regulation of B cell cytokine production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell cytokine production.
2722 negative regulation of B cell cytokine production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell cytokine production.
2723 positive regulation of B cell cytokine production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell cytokine production.
2724 regulation of T cell cytokine production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell cytokine production.
2725 negative regulation of T cell cytokine production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell cytokine production.
2726 positive regulation of T cell cytokine production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell cytokine production.
2727 regulation of natural killer cell cytokine production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell cytokine production.
2728 negative regulation of natural killer cell cytokine production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell cytokine production.
2729 positive regulation of natural killer cell cytokine production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell cytokine production.
2730 regulation of dendritic cell cytokine production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of dendritic cell cytokine production.
2731 negative regulation of dendritic cell cytokine production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of dendritic cell cytokine production.
2732 positive regulation of dendritic cell cytokine production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of dendritic cell cytokine production.
2733 regulation of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production.
2734 negative regulation of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production.
2735 positive regulation of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production.
2736 regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production.
2737 negative regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production.
2738 positive regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production.
2739 regulation of cytokine secretion involved in immune response P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine secretion contributing to an immune response.
2740 negative regulation of cytokine secretion involved in immune response P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine secretion contributing to an immune response.
2741 positive regulation of cytokine secretion involved in immune response P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine secretion contributing to an immune response.
2742 regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process involved in immune response P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine biosynthesis that contributes to an immune response.
2743 negative regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process involved in immune response P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine biosynthesis contributing to an immune response.
2744 positive regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process involved in immune response P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine biosynthesis contributing to an immune response.
2745 antigen processing and presentation initiated by receptor mediated uptake of antigen P Antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen bound to a cell surface receptor.
2746 antigen processing and presentation following pinocytosis P Antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen via pinocytosis.
2747 antigen processing and presentation following phagocytosis P Antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen via phagocytosis.
2748 antigen processing and presentation initiated by pattern recognition receptor mediated uptake of antigen P Antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen bound to a cell surface pattern recognition receptor (PRR).
2749 antigen processing and presentation initiated by toll-like receptor mediated phagocytosis of antigen P Antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by phagocytosis of antigen bound directly or indirectly to a cell surface toll-like receptor (TLR).
2750 antigen processing and presentation following macropinocytosis P Antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen via macropinocytosis.
2751 antigen processing and presentation following receptor mediated endocytosis P Antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen receptor-mediated endocytosis.
2752 cell surface pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a cell surface pattern recognition receptor (PRR) binding to one of its physiological ligands. PRRs bind pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs), structures conserved among microbial species, or damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMPs), endogenous molecules released from damaged cells.
2753 cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) binding to one of its physiological ligands. PRRs bind pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs), structures conserved among microbial species, or damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMPs), endogenous molecules released from damaged cells.
2754 intracellular vesicle pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an intracellular vesicle pattern recognition receptor (PRR) binding to one of its physiological ligands. PRRs bind pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs), structures conserved among microbial species, or damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMPs), endogenous molecules released from damaged cells.
2755 MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a toll-like receptor where the MyD88 adaptor molecule mediates transduction of the signal. Toll-like receptors directly bind pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate innate immune response.
2756 MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a toll-like receptor not relying on the MyD88 adaptor molecule. Toll-like receptors directly bind pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate innate immune response.
2757 immune response-activating signal transduction P The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately leading to activation or perpetuation of an immune response.
2758 innate immune response-activating signal transduction P The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately leading to activation or perpetuation of an innate immune response.
2759 regulation of antimicrobial humoral response P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an antimicrobial humoral response.
2760 positive regulation of antimicrobial humoral response P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an antimicrobial humoral response.
2761 regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte differentiation.
2762 negative regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte differentiation.
2763 positive regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte differentiation.
2764 immune response-regulating signaling pathway P The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately leading to the activation, perpetuation, or inhibition of an immune response.
2765 immune response-inhibiting signal transduction P The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately leading to inhibition of an immune response.
2766 innate immune response-inhibiting signal transduction P The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately leading to inhibition of an innate immune response.
2767 immune response-inhibiting cell surface receptor signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell capable of inhibiting an immune response.
2768 immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell capable of activating, perpetuating, or inhibiting an immune response.
2769 natural killer cell inhibitory signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of a natural killer cell capable of inhibiting an immune effector process contributing to an immune response.
2770 T cell inhibitory signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of a T cell capable of inhibiting an immune effector process contributing to an immune response.
2771 inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor capable of inhibiting an immune effector process contributing to an immune response.
2772 inhibitory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to an inhibitory C-type lectin receptor capable of inhibiting an immune effector process contributing to an immune response.
2773 B cell inhibitory signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of a B cell capable of inhibiting an immune effector process contributing to an immune response.
2774 Fc receptor mediated inhibitory signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the binding of the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin by an Fc receptor capable of inhibiting an immune effector process contributing to an immune response. The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin is its C-terminal constant region.
2775 antimicrobial peptide production P The synthesis or release of an antimicrobial peptide during an immune response, resulting in an increase in intracellular or extracellular levels. Such peptides may have protective properties against bacteria, fungi, viruses, or protozoa.
2776 antimicrobial peptide secretion P The regulated release of an antimicrobial peptide from a cell or a tissue. Such peptides may have protective properties against bacteria, fungi, viruses, or protozoa.
2777 antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antimicrobial peptide. Such peptides may have protective properties against bacteria, fungi, viruses, or protozoa.
2778 antibacterial peptide production P The synthesis or release of an antibacterial peptide during an immune response, resulting in an increase in intracellular or extracellular levels.
2779 antibacterial peptide secretion P The regulated release of an antibacterial peptide from a cell or a tissue.
2780 antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antibacterial peptide.
2781 antifungal peptide production P The synthesis or release of an antifungal peptide during an immune response, resulting in an increase in intracellular or extracellular levels.
2782 antifungal peptide secretion P The regulated release of an antifungal peptide from a cell or a tissue.
2783 antifungal peptide biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antifungal peptide.
2784 regulation of antimicrobial peptide production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antimicrobial peptide production.
2785 negative regulation of antimicrobial peptide production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antimicrobial peptide production.
2786 regulation of antibacterial peptide production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antibacterial peptide production.
2787 negative regulation of antibacterial peptide production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antibacterial peptide production.
2788 regulation of antifungal peptide production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antifungal peptide production.
2789 negative regulation of antifungal peptide production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antifungal peptide production.
2790 peptide secretion P The controlled release of a peptide from a cell or a tissue.
2791 regulation of peptide secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion.
2792 negative regulation of peptide secretion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion.
2793 positive regulation of peptide secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion.
2794 regulation of antimicrobial peptide secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antimicrobial peptide secretion.
2795 negative regulation of antimicrobial peptide secretion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antimicrobial peptide secretion.
2796 positive regulation of antimicrobial peptide secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antimicrobial peptide secretion.
2797 regulation of antibacterial peptide secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antibacterial peptide secretion.
2798 negative regulation of antibacterial peptide secretion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antibacterial peptide secretion.
2799 positive regulation of antibacterial peptide secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antibacterial peptide secretion.
2800 regulation of antifungal peptide secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antifungal peptide secretion.
2801 negative regulation of antifungal peptide secretion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antifungal peptide secretion.
2802 positive regulation of antifungal peptide secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antifungal peptide secretion.
2803 positive regulation of antibacterial peptide production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antibacterial peptide production.
2804 positive regulation of antifungal peptide production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antifungal peptide production.
2805 regulation of antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antimicrobial peptide biosynthesis.
2806 negative regulation of antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antimicrobial peptide biosynthesis.
2807 positive regulation of antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antimicrobial peptide biosynthesis.
2808 regulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antibacterial peptide biosynthesis.
2809 negative regulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antibacterial peptide biosynthesis.
2810 regulation of antifungal peptide biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antifungal peptide biosynthesis.
2811 negative regulation of antifungal peptide biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antifungal peptide biosynthesis.
2812 biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antibacterial peptide with activity against Gram-negative bacteria.
2813 regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of biosynthesis of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria.
2814 negative regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of biosynthesis of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria.
2815 biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antibacterial peptide with activity against Gram-positive bacteria.
2816 regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of biosynthesis of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria.
2817 negative regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of biosynthesis of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria.
2818 intracellular defense response P A physiological defense response which occurs intracellularly.
2819 regulation of adaptive immune response P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response.
2820 negative regulation of adaptive immune response P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response.
2821 positive regulation of adaptive immune response P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response.
2822 regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains. An example of this process is found in the Gnathostomata.
2823 negative regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains. An example of this process is found in the Gnathostomata.
2824 positive regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains. An example of this process is found in the Gnathostomata.
2825 regulation of T-helper 1 type immune response P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a T-helper 1 type immune response.
2826 negative regulation of T-helper 1 type immune response P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a T-helper 1 type immune response.
2827 positive regulation of T-helper 1 type immune response P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a T-helper 1 type immune response.
2828 regulation of type 2 immune response P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a type 2 immune response.
2829 negative regulation of type 2 immune response P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a type 2 immune response.
2830 positive regulation of type 2 immune response P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a type 2 immune response.
2831 regulation of response to biotic stimulus P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus.
2832 negative regulation of response to biotic stimulus P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus.
2833 positive regulation of response to biotic stimulus P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus.
2834 regulation of response to tumor cell P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to tumor cell.
2835 negative regulation of response to tumor cell P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to tumor cell.
2836 positive regulation of response to tumor cell P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to tumor cell.
2837 regulation of immune response to tumor cell P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune response to tumor cell.
2838 negative regulation of immune response to tumor cell P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune response to tumor cell.
2839 positive regulation of immune response to tumor cell P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune response to tumor cell.
2840 regulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell.
2841 negative regulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell.
2842 positive regulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell.
2843 regulation of tolerance induction to tumor cell P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to tumor cell.
2844 negative regulation of tolerance induction to tumor cell P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to tumor cell.
2845 positive regulation of tolerance induction to tumor cell P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to tumor cell.
2846 regulation of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell.
2847 negative regulation of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell.
2848 positive regulation of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell.
2849 regulation of peripheral T cell tolerance induction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral T cell tolerance induction.
2850 negative regulation of peripheral T cell tolerance induction P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral T cell tolerance induction.
2851 positive regulation of peripheral T cell tolerance induction P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral T cell tolerance induction.
2852 regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against a tumor cell target.
2853 negative regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against a tumor cell target.
2854 positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against a tumor cell target.
2855 regulation of natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immune response to a tumor cell.
2856 negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immune response to a tumor cell.
2857 positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immune response to a tumor cell.
2858 regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target.
2859 negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target.
2860 positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target.
2861 regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.
2862 negative regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.
2863 positive regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.
2864 regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.
2865 negative regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.
2866 positive regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.
2867 regulation of B cell deletion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell deletion.
2868 negative regulation of B cell deletion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell deletion.
2869 positive regulation of B cell deletion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell deletion.
2870 T cell anergy P Any process contributing to anergy in T cells, a state of functional inactivation which is part of T cell tolerance induction.
2871 regulation of natural killer cell tolerance induction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell tolerance induction.
2872 negative regulation of natural killer cell tolerance induction P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell tolerance induction.
2873 positive regulation of natural killer cell tolerance induction P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell tolerance induction.
2874 regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.
2875 negative regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.
2876 positive regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.
2877 regulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus.
2878 negative regulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus.
2879 positive regulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus.
2880 regulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus.
2881 negative regulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus.
2882 positive regulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus.
2883 regulation of hypersensitivity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of hypersensitivity.
2884 negative regulation of hypersensitivity P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of hypersensitivity.
2885 positive regulation of hypersensitivity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of hypersensitivity.
2886 regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity.
2887 negative regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity.
2888 positive regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity.
2889 regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immunoglobulin mediated immune response.
2890 negative regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immunoglobulin mediated immune response.
2891 positive regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immunoglobulin mediated immune response.
2892 regulation of type II hypersensitivity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type II hypersensitivity.
2893 negative regulation of type II hypersensitivity P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of type II hypersensitivity.
2894 positive regulation of type II hypersensitivity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of type II hypersensitivity.
2895 regulation of central B cell tolerance induction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of central B cell tolerance induction.
2896 negative regulation of central B cell tolerance induction P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of central B cell tolerance induction.
2897 positive regulation of central B cell tolerance induction P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of central B cell tolerance induction.
2898 regulation of central B cell deletion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of central B cell deletion.
2899 negative regulation of central B cell deletion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of central B cell deletion.
2900 positive regulation of central B cell deletion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of central B cell deletion.
2901 mature B cell apoptotic process P Any apoptotic process in a B cell that is mature, having left the bone marrow.
2902 regulation of B cell apoptotic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell apoptotic process.
2903 negative regulation of B cell apoptotic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell apoptotic process.
2904 positive regulation of B cell apoptotic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell apoptotic process.
2905 regulation of mature B cell apoptotic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mature B cell apoptotic process.
2906 negative regulation of mature B cell apoptotic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of mature B cell apoptotic process.
2907 positive regulation of mature B cell apoptotic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of mature B cell apoptotic process.
2908 regulation of peripheral B cell deletion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral B cell deletion.
2909 negative regulation of peripheral B cell deletion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral B cell deletion.
2910 positive regulation of peripheral B cell deletion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral B cell deletion.
2911 regulation of lymphocyte anergy P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte anergy.
2912 negative regulation of lymphocyte anergy P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte anergy.
2913 positive regulation of lymphocyte anergy P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte anergy.
2914 regulation of central B cell anergy P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of central B cell anergy.
2915 negative regulation of central B cell anergy P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of central B cell anergy.
2916 positive regulation of central B cell anergy P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of central B cell anergy.
2917 regulation of peripheral B cell anergy P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral B cell anergy.
2918 negative regulation of peripheral B cell anergy P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral B cell anergy.
2919 positive regulation of peripheral B cell anergy P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral B cell anergy.
2920 regulation of humoral immune response P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response.
2921 negative regulation of humoral immune response P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response.
2922 positive regulation of humoral immune response P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response.
2923 regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin.
2924 negative regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin.
2925 positive regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin.
2926 tRNA wobble base 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine biosynthesis. P The process whereby a wobble base uridine residue in a tRNA is modified to 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine.
2927 archaeosine-tRNA biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involved in the biosynthesis of archaeosine, an archaea-specific modified base found at position 15 in the D-loop of certain archaeal tRNAs.
2929 MECO complex C A highly stable complex composed of the ATAC complex and the mediator complex (also called TRAP or MED). MECO binds and regulates the transcription of a subset of non-coding RNAs transcribed by RNA polymerase II.
2930 trabecular meshwork development P The progression of the trabecular meshwork over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The trabecular meshwork is a fenestrated endothelial-like tissue situated at the intersection of the cornea and the iris. The trabecular meshwork provides drainage for the aqueous humor.
2931 response to ischemia P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a inadequate blood supply.
2932 tendon sheath development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tendon sheath over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A tendon sheath is a layer of membrane around a tendon. It permits the tendon to move.
2933 lipid hydroxylation P The covalent attachment of a hydroxyl group to one or more fatty acids in a lipid.
2934 desmosome organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a desmosome. A desmosome is a patch-like intercellular junction found in vertebrate tissues, consisting of parallel zones of two cell membranes, separated by an space of 25-35 nm, and having dense fibrillar plaques in the subjacent cytoplasm.
2935 tRNA (adenine-C2-)-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine(37) in tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + C2-methyladenine(37) in a tRNA.
2936 bradykinin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the peptide hormone bradykinin.
2937 tRNA 4-thiouridine biosynthesis P The processes whereby a uridine residue in a tRNA is converted to 4-thiouridine. Typically 4-thiouridine is found at position 8, in many transfer RNAs.
2938 tRNA guanine ribose methylation P The process whereby a guanosine residue in a tRNA is methylated on the 2'-hydroxyl group of the ribose moiety.
2939 tRNA N1-guanine methylation P The process whereby a guanine in tRNA is methylated at position N1 of the guanine.
2940 tRNA N2-guanine methylation P The process whereby a guanine in a tRNA is methylated at the N2 position of guanine.
2941 synoviocyte proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of synoviocytes by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A synoviocyte is a fibroblast-like cell found in synovial tissues.
2942 tRNA m2,2-guanine biosynthesis P The process whereby a guanine residue in a transfer RNA is methylated twice at the N2 position.
2943 tRNA dihydrouridine synthesis P The process whereby a uridine in a transfer RNA is converted to dihydrouridine.
2944 cyclin K-CDK12 complex C A protein complex consisting of cyclin Kand cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.
2945 cyclin K-CDK13 complex C A protein complex consisting of cyclin Kand cyclin-dependent kinase 13 (CDK13). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.
2946 tRNA C5-cytosine methylation P The process whereby a cytosine in a tRNA is methylated at position 5 of the cytosine.
2947 tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily complex C A receptor complex that contains one or more members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily.
2948 archaeosine synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamine + 7-cyano-7-carbaguanine15 in tRNA + H2O = L-glutamate + archaeine15 in tRNA.
2949 tRNA threonylcarbamoyladenosine modification P The attachment of a carbonyl group and a threonine to the amino group of the adenine residue immediately 3' of the anticodon, in tRNAs that decode ANN codons (where N is any base).
2950 ceramide phosphoethanolamine synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-ethanolamine + a ceramide = CMP + a ceramide phosphoethanolamine.
3002 regionalization P The pattern specification process that results in the subdivision of an axis or axes in space to define an area or volume in which specific patterns of cell differentiation will take place or in which cells interpret a specific environment.
3003 follicular fluid formation in ovarian follicle antrum involved in fused antrum stage P The ovulation cycle process in which one central cavity separating the oocyte/cumulus complex from mural granulosa and theca cells is formed as part of the fused antrum stage of oogenesis.
3004 follicular fluid formation in ovarian follicle antrum involved in distinct antral spaces stage P The menstrual cycle process in which one central cavity separating the oocyte/cumulus complex from mural granulosa and theca cells is formed as part of the antral spaces stage of oogenesis.
3005 follicular fluid formation in ovarian follicle antrum involved in scattered antral spaces stage P The menstrual cycle process in which one central cavity separating the oocyte/cumulus complex from mural granulosa and theca cells is formed as part of the scattered antral spaces stage of oogenesis.
3006 developmental process involved in reproduction P A developmental process in which a progressive change in the state of some part of an organism specifically contributes to its ability to form offspring.
3007 heart morphogenesis P The developmental process in which the heart is generated and organized. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.
3008 system process P A multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. An organ system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a biological objective.
3009 skeletal muscle contraction P A process in which force is generated within skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. In the skeletal muscle, the muscle contraction takes advantage of an ordered sarcomeric structure and in most cases it is under voluntary control.
3010 voluntary skeletal muscle contraction P A process in which force is generated within voluntary skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. In the voluntary skeletal muscle, the muscle contraction takes advantage of an ordered sarcomeric structure and it is under voluntary control. Voluntary skeletal muscle is skeletal muscle that is under conscious control.
3011 involuntary skeletal muscle contraction P A process in which force is generated within involuntary skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Involuntary skeletal muscle is skeletal muscle that is not under conscious control.
3012 muscle system process P A organ system process carried out at the level of a muscle. Muscle tissue is composed of contractile cells or fibers.
3013 circulatory system process P A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the circulatory system. The circulatory system is an organ system that moves extracellular fluids to and from tissue within a multicellular organism.
3014 renal system process P A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the renal system. The renal system maintains fluid balance, and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels; in other species, the renal system may comprise related structures (e.g., nephrocytes and malpighian tubules in Drosophila).
3015 heart process P A circulatory system process carried out by the heart. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.
3016 respiratory system process P A system process carried out by the organs and tissues of the respiratory system. The respiratory system is an organ system responsible for respiratory gaseous exchange.
3017 lymph circulation P The flow of lymph through the body of an animal.
3018 vascular process in circulatory system P A circulatory process that occurs at the level of the vasculature.
3019 central nervous system control of baroreceptor feedback P The neurological process in which nerve impulses arising in the aorta or the carotid sinuses travel to the medulla and reach the nucleus of tractus solaris.
3020 detection of reduced oxygen by chemoreceptor signaling P The process in which information about the levels of oxygen are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies and the aortic bodies.
3021 detection of increased carbon dioxide by chemoreceptor signaling P The process in which information about the levels of carbon dioxide are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies and the aortic bodies.
3022 detection of pH by chemoreceptor signaling P The process in which information about the levels of hydrogen ions are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors.
3023 baroreceptor detection of increased arterial stretch P The series of events by which an increase in diameter of an artery is detected and converted to a molecular signal.
3024 baroreceptor detection of decreased arterial stretch P The series of events by which a decrease in diameter of an artery is detected and converted to a molecular signal.
3025 regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by baroreceptor feedback P The neural regulation of blood pressure in which baroreceptors sense the amount of stretch occurring in vessels and respond to the input via central nervous system control.
3026 regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by aortic arch baroreceptor feedback P The process that modulates blood pressure by sensing the amount of stretch occurring in the aorta and responding to the input via central nervous system control.
3027 regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by carotid body chemoreceptor signaling P The process that modulates blood pressure by the action of chemoreceptors found in the carotid bodies and their resultant modulation of the vasomotor center. Chemoreceptors respond to oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.
3028 regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by aortic body chemoreceptor signaling P The process that modulates blood pressure by the action of chemoreceptors found in the aortic bodies and their resultant modulation of the vasomotor center. Chemoreceptors respond to oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.
3029 detection of hypoxic conditions in blood by carotid body chemoreceptor signaling P The process in which information about a lack of oxygen are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies.
3030 detection of hydrogen ion P The series of events in which a hydrogen ion stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
3031 detection of carbon dioxide P The series of events in which a carbon dioxide stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
3032 detection of oxygen P The series of events in which an oxygen stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
3033 detection of hypoxic conditions in blood by aortic body chemoreceptor signaling P The process in which information about a lack of oxygen are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in the aortic bodies.
3034 detection of increased carbon dioxide by aortic body chemoreceptor signaling P The process in which information about the levels of carbon dioxide are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in an aortic body.
3035 detection of increased carbon dioxide by carotid body chemoreceptor signaling P The process in which information about the levels of carbon dioxide are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in a carotid body.
3036 detection of pH by aortic body chemoreceptor signaling P The process in which information about the levels of hydrogen ions are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in an aortic body.
3037 detection of pH by carotid body chemoreceptor signaling P The process in which information about the levels of hydrogen ions are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in a carotid body.
3038 detection of reduced oxygen by aortic body chemoreceptor signaling P The process in which information about the levels of oxygen are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in an aortic body.
3039 detection of reduced oxygen by carotid body chemoreceptor signaling P The process in which information about the levels of oxygen are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in a carotid body.
3040 excitation of vasomotor center by aortic body chemoreceptor signaling P The process in which the molecular signal from an aortic body is relayed to the vasomotor center, causing it to signal an increase arterial pressure.
3041 excitation of vasomotor center by carotid body chemoreceptor signaling P The process in which the molecular signal from a carotid body is relayed to the vasomotor center, causing it to signal an increase arterial pressure.
3042 vasoconstriction of artery involved in carotid body chemoreceptor response to lowering of systemic arterial blood pressure P A process that is triggered by carotid body-vasomotor excitation and results in a decrease in the diameter of an artery during the chemoreceptor response to decreased blood pressure.
3043 vasoconstriction of artery involved in aortic body chemoreceptor response to lowering of systemic arterial blood pressure P A process that is triggered by aortic body-vasomotor excitation and results in a decrease in the diameter of an artery during the chemoreceptor response to decreased blood pressure.
3044 regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure mediated by a chemical signal P The regulation of blood pressure mediated by biochemical signaling: hormonal, autocrine or paracrine.
3045 regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by physical factors P The regulation of blood pressure mediated by detection of forces within the circulatory system.
3046 regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by stress relaxation P The intrinsic circulatory process resulting from stress relaxation that modulates the force with which blood travels through the systemic arterial circulatory system. Stress relaxation is the adaptation of vessels to a new size as a result of changes in pressure in storage areas such as veins, the liver, the spleen, and the lungs.
3047 regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by epinephrine P The regulation of blood pressure mediated by the catecholamine signaling molecule epinephrine.
3048 regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by norepinephrine P The regulation of blood pressure mediated by the catecholamine signaling molecule norepinephrine.
3049 regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by capillary fluid shift P The intrinsic circulatory process resulting from capillary fluid shift that modulates the force with which blood travels through the systemic arterial circulatory system. Capillary fluid shift is the movement of fluid across the capillary membrane between the blood and the interstitial fluid compartment.
3050 regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by atrial natriuretic peptide P The regulation of blood pressure mediated by the signaling molecule atrial natriuretic peptide.
3051 angiotensin-mediated drinking behavior P The drinking behavior that is mediated by the action of angiotensin in the brain. Angiotensin stimulates the brain centers that control thirst.
3052 circadian regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure P Any process in which an organism modulates its blood pressure at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.
3053 circadian regulation of heart rate P Any process in which an organism modulates its heart rate at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.
3054 circadian regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by the suprachiasmatic nucleus P The process in which the suprachiasmatic nucleus modulates blood pressure at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.
3055 circadian regulation of heart rate by the suprachiasmatic nucleus P The process in which the suprachiasmatic nucleus modulates heart rate at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.
3056 regulation of vascular smooth muscle contraction P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle contraction.
3057 regulation of the force of heart contraction by chemical signal P The regulation of the force of heart muscle contraction mediated by chemical signaling, hormonal, autocrine or paracrine.
3058 hormonal regulation of the force of heart contraction P The process in which the hormones modulates the force of heart muscle contraction. A hormone is one of a group of substances formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which they have a specific regulatory action.
3059 positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by epinephrine P The process in which the secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream or released from nerve endings modulates the force of heart muscle contraction.
3060 negative regulation of the force of heart contraction by acetylcholine P The process in which acetylcholine released from vagus nerve endings binds to muscarinic receptors and decreases the force of heart muscle contraction.
3061 positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by norepinephrine P The process in which the secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream or released from nerve endings modulates the force of heart musclecontraction.
3062 regulation of heart rate by chemical signal P The regulation of the rate of heart contraction mediated by chemical signaling, hormonal, autocrine or paracrine.
3063 negative regulation of heart rate by acetylcholine P The process in which acetylcholine released from vagus nerve endings binds to muscarinic receptors on the pacemaker cells and decreases the rate of heart muscle contraction.
3064 regulation of heart rate by hormone P The process in which the hormones modulates the rate of heart muscle contraction. A hormone is one of a group of substances formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which they have a specific regulatory action.
3065 positive regulation of heart rate by epinephrine P The process in which the secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream or released from nerve endings increases the rate of heart muscle contraction.
3066 positive regulation of heart rate by norepinephrine P The process in which the secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream or released from nerve endings increases the rate of heart muscle contraction.
3067 circadian regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by hormone P The process in which hormones modulate the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system contributing to different values of blood pressure oscillating with a regularity of approximately 24 hours. A hormone is one of a group of substances formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which they have a specific regulatory action.
3068 regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by acetylcholine P The regulation of blood pressure mediated by acetylcholine signaling. Acetylcholine is an acetic acid ester of the organic base choline and functions as a neurotransmitter.
3069 vasodilation by acetylcholine involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure P The process in which acetylcholine signaling causes vasodilation, resulting in a change in blood pressure.
3070 regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by neurotransmitter P The regulation of blood pressure mediated by a neurotransmitter. A neurotransmitter is any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell.
3071 renal system process involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure P Renal process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure.
3072 renal control of peripheral vascular resistance involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure P The renal process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system, by impeding blood flow through the peripheral vasculature.
3073 regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure P The process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the systemic arterial circulatory system. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure.
3075 renal vasodilation of the peripheral vascular system involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure P The renal process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system, by vasodilation of the peripheral vascular system.
3081 regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by renin-angiotensin P The process in which renin-angiotensin modulates the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system.
3083 negative regulation of renal output by angiotensin P The process in which angiotensin directly decreases the rate of natriuresis and diuresis in the kidney.
3084 positive regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure P The process that increases the force with which blood travels through the systemic arterial circulatory system.
3085 negative regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure P The process that reduces the force with which blood travels through the systemic arterial circulatory system.
3086 regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by local renal renin-angiotensin P The process in which angiotensinogen metabolites in the kidney modulate the force with which blood passes through the renal circulatory system. The process begins when renin cleaves angiotensinogen.
3087 positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by neuronal epinephrine P The process in which the release of epinephrine from nerve endings modulates the force of heart muscle contraction.
3088 positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by circulating epinephrine P The process in which the secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream modulates the force of heart muscle contraction.
3089 positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by circulating epinephrine-norepinephrine P Any process that increases the force with which the cardiac muscles of the heart pump blood through the circulatory system as a result of the presence of epinephrine or norepinephrine in the bloodstream.
3090 positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by neuronal epinephrine-norepinephrine P Any process that increases the force with which the cardiac muscles of the heart pump blood through the circulatory system as a result of the presence of epinephrine or norepinephrine released from the nerve endings.
3091 renal water homeostasis P Renal process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of water in the body.
3092 renal water retention P The process in which renal water excretion is decreased.
3093 regulation of glomerular filtration P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular filtration. Glomerular filtration is the process in which blood is filtered by the glomerulus into the renal tubule.
3094 glomerular filtration P The process in which plasma is filtered through the glomerular membrane which consists of capillary endothelial cells, the basement membrane, and epithelial cells. The glomerular filtrate is the same as plasma except it has no significant amount of protein.
3095 pressure natriuresis P The process in which the volume of blood increases renal pressure and thereby results in both an increase in urine volume (diuresis) and an increase in the amount of sodium excreted in the urine (natriuresis).
3096 renal sodium ion transport P The directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) by the kidney.
3097 renal water transport P The directed movement of water (H2O) by the kidney.
3098 tubuloglomerular feedback P The process in which blood volume is regulated due to a change in the rate of glomerular filtration. This is accomplished by a feedback mechanism that senses changes in the juxtaglomerular apparatus.
3099 positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by chemical signal P Any process which increases the force of heart muscle contraction mediated by chemical signaling, hormonal, autocrine or paracrine.
3100 regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by endothelin P The process in which endothelin modulates the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system. Endothelin is a hormone that is released by the endothelium, and it is a vasoconstrictor.
3101 regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by circulatory epinephrine-norepinephrine P The process in which epinephrine-norepinephrine modulate the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system.
3104 positive regulation of glomerular filtration P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular filtration. Glomerular filtration is the processs whereby blood is filtered by the glomerulus into the renal tubule.
3105 negative regulation of glomerular filtration P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular filtration. Glomerular filtration is the processs whereby blood is filtered by the glomerulus into the renal tubule.
3106 negative regulation of glomerular filtration by angiotensin P The process in which angiotensin directly decreases the rate of glomerular filtration in the kidney. Glomerular filtration is the processs whereby blood is filtered by the glomerulus into the renal tubule.
3108 negative regulation of the force of heart contraction by chemical signal P Any process which decreases the force of heart muscle contraction mediated by chemical signaling, hormonal, autocrine or paracrine.
3109 positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by circulating norepinephrine P The process in which the secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream modulates the force of heart muscle contraction.
3110 positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by neuronal norepinephrine P The process in which the release of norepinephrine from nerve endings modulates the force of heart muscle contraction.
3111 positive regulation of heart rate by circulating epinephrine P The process in which the secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream increases the rate of heart muscle contraction.
3112 positive regulation of heart rate by neuronal epinephrine P The process in which the secretion of epinephrine from nerve endings increases the rate of heart muscle contraction.
3113 positive regulation of heart rate by neuronal norepinephrine P The process in which the secretion of norepinephrine released from nerve endings increases the rate of heart muscle contraction.
3114 positive regulation of heart rate by circulating norepinephrine P The process in which the secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream increases the rate of heart muscle contraction.
3115 regulation of vasoconstriction by epinephrine P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream or released by nerve endings.
3116 regulation of vasoconstriction by norepinephrine P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream or released by nerve endings.
3117 regulation of vasoconstriction by circulating norepinephrine P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream.
3118 regulation of vasoconstriction by neuronal norepinephrine P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of norepinephrine released by nerve endings.
3119 regulation of vasoconstriction by neuronal epinephrine P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of epinephrine released by nerve endings.
3120 regulation of vasoconstriction by circulating epinephrine P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream.
3121 regulation of vasodilation by epinephrine P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of increases in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream or released by nerve endings.
3122 regulation of vasodilation by norepinephrine P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of increases in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream or released by nerve endings.
3123 regulation of vasodilation by circulating epinephrine P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of increases in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream.
3124 regulation of vasodilation by neuronal epinephrine P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of increases in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of epinephrine released by nerve endings.
3125 regulation of vasodilation by circulating norepinephrine P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of increases in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream.
3126 regulation of vasodilation by neuronal norepinephrine P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of increases in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of norepinephrine released by nerve endings.
3127 detection of nodal flow P The series of events by which an endogenous stimulus is received by a cilium on a cell and converted to a molecular signal contributing to left/right asymmetry.
3128 heart field specification P The process that results in the delineation of a specific region of the lateral mesoderm into the area in which the heart will develop.
3129 heart induction P The close range interaction between mesoderm and endoderm or ectoderm that causes cells to change their fates and specify the development of the heart.
3130 BMP signaling pathway involved in heart induction P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to heart induction.
3131 mesodermal-endodermal cell signaling P Any process that mediates the transfer of information from mesodermal cells to endodermal cells.
3132 mesodermal-endodermal cell signaling involved in heart induction P Any process that mediates the transfer of information from mesodermal cells to endodermal cells that contributes to heart induction.
3133 endodermal-mesodermal cell signaling P Any process that mediates the transfer of information from endodermal cells to mesodermal cells.
3134 endodermal-mesodermal cell signaling involved in heart induction P Any process that mediates the transfer of information from endodermal cells to mesodermal cells that contributes to heart induction.
3135 fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart induction P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to heart induction.
3136 negative regulation of heart induction by canonical Wnt signaling pathway P Any canonical Wnt signaling that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of heart induction.
3137 Notch signaling pathway involved in heart induction P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell that contributes to heart induction.
3138 primary heart field specification P The process that results in the delineation of a specific region of the lateral mesoderm into the area which will form the primary beating heart tube. In mammals the primary heart field gives rise to the left ventricle.
3139 secondary heart field specification P The process that results in the delineation of a specific region of the lateral mesoderm into the area which will form the majority of the mesodermal component of the right ventricle, arterial pole (outflow tract) and venous pole (inflow tract).
3140 determination of left/right asymmetry in lateral mesoderm P The establishment of the lateral mesoderm with respect to the left and right halves.
3142 cardiogenic plate morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the cardiogenic plate are generated and organized. The cardiogenic plate is the first recognizable structure derived from the heart field.
3143 embryonic heart tube morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the embryonic heart tube are generated and organized. The embryonic heart tube is an epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart.
3144 embryonic heart tube formation P The process that gives rise to the embryonic heart tube. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The embryonic heart tube is an epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart.
3145 embryonic heart tube formation via epithelial folding P The process that gives rise to the embryonic heart tube by the cells of the heart field along a linear axis.
3146 heart jogging P The morphogenetic process in which the heart cone is displaced to the left with respect to the vector of the anterior-posterior axis.
3147 neural crest cell migration involved in heart formation P The characteristic movement of a cell from the dorsal ridge of the neural tube towards the heart and that contributes to heart formation.
3148 outflow tract septum morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract septum are generated and organized. The outflow tract septum is a partition in the outflow tract.
3149 membranous septum morphogenesis P The process in which the membranous septum is generated and organized. The membranous septum is the upper part of ventricular septum.
3150 muscular septum morphogenesis P The process in which the muscular septum is generated and organized. The muscular septum is the lower part of the ventricular septum.
3151 outflow tract morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract are generated and organized. The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries.
3152 morphogenesis of an epithelial fold involved in embryonic heart tube formation P The morphogenetic process in which an epithelial sheet bends along a linear axis, contributing to embryonic heart tube formation.
3153 closure of embryonic heart tube P Creation of the central hole of the embryonic heart tube by sealing the edges of an epithelial fold.
3154 BMP signaling pathway involved in determination of left/right symmetry P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the determination of left/right symmetry.
3155 BMP signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry P A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of any member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family binding to a cell surface receptor that contributes to the determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry.
3156 regulation of animal organ formation P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of animal organ formation. Organ formation is the process pertaining to the initial formation of an organ from unspecified parts. The process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure, such as inductive events, and ends when the structural rudiment of the organ is recognizable, such as a condensation of mesenchymal cells into the organ rudiment.
3157 endocardium development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endocardium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers.
3158 endothelium development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an endothelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Endothelium refers to the layer of cells lining blood vessels, lymphatics, the heart, and serous cavities, and is derived from bone marrow or mesoderm. Corneal endothelium is a special case, derived from neural crest cells.
3159 morphogenesis of an endothelium P The process in which the anatomical structure of an endothelium is generated and organized. Endothelium refers to the layer of cells lining blood vessels, lymphatics, the heart, and serous cavities, and is derived from bone marrow or mesoderm. Corneal endothelium is a special case, derived from neural crest cells.
3160 endocardium morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structure of the endocardium is generated and organized. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers.
3161 cardiac conduction system development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiac conduction system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cardiac conduction system consists of specialized cardiomyocytes that regulate the frequency of heart beat.
3162 atrioventricular node development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the atrioventricular (AV) node over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The AV node is part of the cardiac conduction system that controls the timing of ventricle contraction by receiving electrical signals from the sinoatrial (SA) node and relaying them to the His-Purkinje system.
3163 sinoatrial node development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sinoatrial (SA) node over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The SA node is part of the cardiac conduction system that controls the timing of heart muscle contraction. It relays electrical signals to the AV node.
3164 His-Purkinje system development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the His-Purkinje system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The His-Purkinje system receives signals from the AV node and is composed of the fibers that regulate cardiac muscle contraction in the ventricles.
3165 Purkinje myocyte development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a Purkinje myocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The Purkinje myocyte (also known as cardiac Purkinje fiber) is part of the cardiac conduction system that receives signals from the bundle of His and innervates the ventricular cardiac muscle.
3166 bundle of His development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the bundle of His over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The bundle of His is part of the His-Purkinje system that transmits signals from the AV node to the cardiac Purkinje fibers.
3167 atrioventricular bundle cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cell of the atrioventricular bundle. These cells are specialized cardiomyocytes that transmit signals from the AV node to the cardiac Purkinje fibers.
3168 Purkinje myocyte differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a Purkinje myocyte (also known as cardiac Purkinje fiber cell). These cells are specialized cardiomyocytes that receive signals from the bundle of His and innervate the ventricular cardiac muscle.
3169 coronary vein morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of veins of the heart are generated and organized.
3170 heart valve development P The progression of a heart valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A heart valve is a structure that restricts the flow of blood to different regions of the heart and forms from an endocardial cushion.
3171 atrioventricular valve development P The progression of the atrioventricular valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
3172 sinoatrial valve development P The progression of the sinoatrial valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
3173 ventriculo bulbo valve development P The progression of the ventriculo bulbo valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
3174 mitral valve development P The progression of the mitral valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
3175 tricuspid valve development P The progression of the tricuspid valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
3176 aortic valve development P The progression of the aortic valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
3177 pulmonary valve development P The progression of the pulmonary valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
3178 coronary sinus valve development P The progression of the valve of the coronary sinus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
3179 heart valve morphogenesis P The process in which the structure of a heart valve is generated and organized.
3180 aortic valve morphogenesis P The process in which the structure of the aortic valve is generated and organized.
3181 atrioventricular valve morphogenesis P The process in which the structure of the atrioventricular valve is generated and organized.
3182 coronary sinus valve morphogenesis P The process in which the structure of the coronary sinus valve is generated and organized.
3183 mitral valve morphogenesis P The process in which the structure of the mitral valve is generated and organized.
3184 pulmonary valve morphogenesis P The process in which the structure of the pulmonary valve is generated and organized.
3185 sinoatrial valve morphogenesis P The process in which the structure of the sinoatrial valve is generated and organized.
3186 tricuspid valve morphogenesis P The process in which the structure of the tricuspid valve is generated and organized.
3187 ventriculo bulbo valve morphogenesis P The process in which the structure of the ventriculo bulbo valve is generated and organized.
3188 heart valve formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a heart valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.
3189 aortic valve formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the aortic valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.
3190 atrioventricular valve formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the atrioventricular valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.
3191 coronary sinus valve formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the coronary sinus valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.
3192 mitral valve formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the mitral valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.
3193 pulmonary valve formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the pulmonary valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.
3194 sinoatrial valve formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the sinoatrial valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.
3195 tricuspid valve formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the tricuspid valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.
3196 ventriculo bulbo valve formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the ventriculo bulbo valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.
3197 endocardial cushion development P The progression of a cardiac cushion over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.
3198 epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation P A transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will contribute to the formation of the endocardial cushion.
3199 endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition involved in heart valve formation P A transition where an endocardial cushion cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will contribute to the formation of a cardiac valve.
3200 endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition involved in heart chamber septation P A transition where an endocardial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will contribute to the formation of the heart septum.
3201 epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in coronary vasculature morphogenesis P A transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will contribute to the shaping of the coronary vasculature.
3202 endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition involved in cardiac skeleton development P A transition where an endocardial cushion cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will give rise to the cardiac skeleton.
3203 endocardial cushion morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structure of the endocardial cushion is generated and organized. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.
3204 cardiac skeleton development P The progression of the cardiac skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cardiac skeleton is a specialized extracellular matrix that separates the atria from the ventricles and provides physical support for the heart.
3205 cardiac chamber development P The progression of a cardiac chamber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart.
3206 cardiac chamber morphogenesis P The process in which a cardiac chamber is generated and organized. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart.
3207 cardiac chamber formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac chamber from unspecified parts. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart.
3208 cardiac ventricle morphogenesis P The process in which the cardiac ventricle is generated and organized. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart.
3209 cardiac atrium morphogenesis P The process in which the cardiac atrium is generated and organized. A cardiac atrium receives blood from a vein and pumps it to a cardiac ventricle.
3210 cardiac atrium formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac atrium from unspecified parts. A cardiac atrium receives blood from a vein and pumps it to a cardiac ventricle.
3211 cardiac ventricle formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac ventricle from unspecified parts. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart.
3212 cardiac left atrium morphogenesis P The process in which the left cardiac atrium is generated and organized.
3213 cardiac right atrium morphogenesis P The process in which the right cardiac atrium is generated and organized.
3214 cardiac left ventricle morphogenesis P The process in which the left cardiac ventricle is generated and organized.
3215 cardiac right ventricle morphogenesis P The process in which the right cardiac ventricle is generated and organized.
3216 cardiac left atrium formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a left cardiac atrium from unspecified parts.
3217 cardiac right atrium formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac right atrium from unspecified parts.
3218 cardiac left ventricle formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a left cardiac ventricle from unspecified parts.
3219 cardiac right ventricle formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a right cardiac ventricle from unspecified parts.
3220 left ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of left cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized.
3221 right ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the right cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized.
3222 ventricular trabecula myocardium morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the trabecular cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized.
3223 ventricular compact myocardium morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the compact cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized.
3224 left ventricular compact myocardium morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac left ventricular compact myocardium are generated and organized.
3225 left ventricular trabecular myocardium morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac left ventricular trabecular myocardium are generated and organized.
3226 right ventricular compact myocardium morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the right ventricular compact myocardium are generated and organized.
3227 right ventricular trabecular myocardium morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the right ventricular myocardium are generated and organized.
3228 atrial cardiac muscle tissue development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac muscle of the atrium over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
3229 ventricular cardiac muscle tissue development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of ventricular cardiac muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
3230 cardiac atrium development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac atrium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac atrium receives blood from a vein and pumps it to a cardiac ventricle.
3231 cardiac ventricle development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac ventricle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart.
3232 bulbus arteriosus development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the bulbus arteriosus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The bulbus arteriosus is an elastic heart chamber.
3233 bulbus arteriosus morphogenesis P The process in which the bulbus arteriosus is generated and organized. The bulbus arteriosus is an elastic cardiac chamber.
3234 bulbus arteriosus formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the bulbus arteriosus from unspecified parts. The bulbus arteriosus is an elastic chamber of the heart.
3235 sinus venosus development P The progression of the sinus venosus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sinus venosus is a heart chamber attached to the atrium on the venous side of the embryonic heart.
3236 sinus venosus morphogenesis P The process in which the sinus venosus is generated and organized. The sinus venosus is a heart chamber attached to the atrium on the venous side of the embryonic heart.
3237 sinus venosus formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the sinus venosus from unspecified parts. The sinus venosus is a heart chamber attached to the atrium on the venous side of the embryonic heart.
3238 conus arteriosus development P The progression of the conus arteriosus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The conus arteriosus is a valved chamber with thick muscular walls stemming from the ventricle and connecting to the pulmonary trunk.
3239 conus arteriosus morphogenesis P The process in which the conus arteriosus is generated and organized. The conus arteriosus is a valved chamber with thick muscular walls stemming from the ventricle and connecting to the pulmonary trunk.
3240 conus arteriosus formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the conus arteriosus from unspecified parts. The conus arteriosus is a valved chamber with thick muscular walls stemming from the ventricle and connecting to the pulmonary trunk.
3241 growth involved in heart morphogenesis P Developmental growth that contributes to the shaping of the heart.
3242 cardiac chamber ballooning P The morphogenic growth in which the chambers of the heart expand in size, contributing to their shaping.
3243 circumferential growth involved in left ventricle morphogenesis P The morphogenetic growth in which the left ventricle grows expanding its external boundary.
3244 radial growth involved in right ventricle morphogenesis P The morphogenic growth in which the right ventricle grows along a radial axis.
3245 cardiac muscle tissue growth involved in heart morphogenesis P The developmental growth of cardiac muscle tissue that contributes to the shaping of the heart.
3246 embryonic cardiac muscle cell growth involved in heart morphogenesis P The growth of a cardiac muscle cell during the embryonic period, that contributes to the shaping of the heart.
3247 post-embryonic cardiac muscle cell growth involved in heart morphogenesis P The growth of a cardiac muscle cell during the postembryonic period that contributes to the shaping of the heart.
3248 heart capillary growth P The increase in heart capillaries that accompanies physiological hypertrophy of cardiac muscle.
3249 cell proliferation involved in heart valve morphogenesis P The multiplication or reproduction of cells that contributes to the shaping of a heart valve.
3250 regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart valve morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cell proliferation that contributes to the shaping of a heart valve.
3251 positive regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart valve morphogenesis P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of cell proliferation that contributes to the shaping of a heart valve.
3252 negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart valve morphogenesis P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of cell proliferation that contributes to the shaping of a heart valve.
3253 cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis P The orderly movement of a neural crest cell from one site to another that will contribute to the morphogenesis of the outflow tract.
3254 regulation of membrane depolarization P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of membrane depolarization. Membrane depolarization is the process in which membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the resting potential, usually from negative to positive.
3255 endocardial precursor cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of an endocardial precursor cell. A endocardial precursor cell is a cell that has been committed to a endocardial cell fate, but will undergo further cell divisions rather than terminally differentiate.
3256 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in myocardial precursor cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the differentiation of a myocardial precursor cell.
3257 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in myocardial precursor cell differentiation P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the differentiation of a myocardial precursor cell.
3258 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in endocardial precursor cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the differentiation of an endocardial precursor cell.
3259 cardioblast anterior-lateral migration P The orderly movement of a cardioblast toward the head and laterally to form the heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.
3260 cardioblast migration P The orderly movement of a cardiac progenitor cell to form the heart field. Cardiac progenitor cells are non-terminally differentiated, mesoderm-derived cells that are committed to differentiate into cells of the heart. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.
3261 cardiac muscle progenitor cell migration to the midline involved in heart field formation P The orderly movement of a myocardial progenitor cell toward the midline to form the heart field. Cardiac muscle progenitor cells are non-terminally differentiated, mesoderm-derived cells that are committed to differentiate into myocardial cells of the heart.
3262 endocardial progenitor cell migration to the midline involved in heart field formation P The orderly movement of an endocardial progenitor cell toward the midline to form the heart field. Cardiac muscle progenitor cells are non-terminally differentiated, mesoderm-derived cells that are committed to differentiate into endocardial cells of the heart.
3263 cardioblast proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of cardioblasts, resulting in the expansion of the population in the heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.
3264 regulation of cardioblast proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.
3265 regulation of primary heart field cardioblast proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the primary heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. In mammals the primary heart field gives rise to the left ventricle.
3266 regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the second heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. The secondary heart field is the region of the heart that will form the majority of the mesodermal component of the right ventricle, the arterial pole (outflow tract) and the venous pole (inflow tract).
3267 canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation P A canonical Wnt signaling pathway that contributes to an increase in the frequency, or rate of cardioblast proliferation in the secondary heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.
3268 fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands contributing to the modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the secondary heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.
3269 BMP signaling pathway involved in regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the secondary heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.
3270 Notch signaling pathway involved in regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell contributing to the modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the secondary heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.
3271 smoothened signaling pathway involved in regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened contributing to the modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the secondary heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.
3272 endocardial cushion formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an endocardial cushion. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.
3273 cell migration involved in endocardial cushion formation P The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that will contribute to the formation of an endocardial cushion. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.
3274 endocardial cushion fusion P The cell-cell adhesion process of mesenchymal cardiac cushion cells that contributes to the process of cushion shaping.
3275 apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis P Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the outflow tract. The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries.
3276 apoptotic process involved in heart valve morphogenesis P Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of a heart valve.
3277 apoptotic process involved in endocardial cushion morphogenesis P Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of an endocardial cushion. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.
3278 apoptotic process involved in heart morphogenesis P Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the heart.
3279 cardiac septum development P The progression of a cardiac septum over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure.
3281 ventricular septum development P The progression of the ventricular septum over time from its formation to the mature structure.
3282 ventricular septum intermedium development P The progression of the ventricular septum intermedium over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
3283 atrial septum development P The progression of the atrial septum over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure.
3284 septum primum development P The progression of the septum primum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
3285 septum secundum development P The progression of the septum secundum over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure.
3286 atrial septum intermedium development P The progression of the atrial septum intermedium over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
3288 ventricular septum intermedium morphogenesis P The developmental process in which a ventricular septum intermedium is generated and organized.
3289 atrial septum primum morphogenesis P The process in which anatomical structure of an atrial septum primum is generated and organized.
3290 atrial septum secundum morphogenesis P The process in which anatomical structure of an atrial septum secundum is generated and organized.
3291 atrial septum intermedium morphogenesis P The process in which anatomical structure of an atrial septum intermedium is generated and organized.
3292 cardiac septum cell differentiation P The process in which an endocardial cushion cell becomes a cell of a cardiac septum.
3293 heart valve cell differentiation P The process in which an endocardial cushion cell give rise to a cell that is part of a heart valve.
3294 atrial ventricular junction remodeling P The reorganization or renovation of heart tissue that contributes to the maturation of the connection between an atrium and a ventricle.
3295 cell proliferation involved in atrial ventricular junction remodeling P The multiplication or reproduction of cells that contributes to the reorganization of tissue resulting in the maturation of the atrial ventricular junction.
3296 apoptotic process involved in atrial ventricular junction remodeling P Any apoptotic process that contributes to the reorganization of tissue resulting in the maturation of the atrial ventricular junction.
3297 heart wedging P The morphogenetic process in which the aorta inserts between the atrioventricular valves, contributing to the shaping of the heart.
3298 physiological muscle hypertrophy P The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of a muscle organ or tissue due to an increase in the size of its muscle cells. Physiological hypertrophy is a normal process during development.
3299 muscle hypertrophy in response to stress P The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of a muscle organ or tissue due to an increase in the size of its muscle cells as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis.
3300 cardiac muscle hypertrophy P The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart muscle due to an increase in size of cardiac muscle cells without cell division.
3301 physiological cardiac muscle hypertrophy P The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart muscle due to an increase in size of cardiac muscle cells without cell division. This process contributes to the developmental growth of the heart.
3302 transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway involved in heart jogging P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the process of heart jogging.
3303 BMP signaling pathway involved in heart jogging P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the process of heart jogging.
3304 myocardial epithelial involution involved in heart jogging P The morphogenetic process in which the myocardium bends along a linear axis and contributes to the process of heart jogging.
3305 cell migration involved in heart jogging P The orderly movement of a cell of the myocardium from one site to another that will contribute to heart jogging.
3306 Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell, resulting a change in cell state that contributes to the progression of the heart over time.
3307 regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, resulting a change in cell state that contributes to the progression of the heart over time.
3308 negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, resulting a change in cell state that contributes to the progression of the heart over time.
3309 type B pancreatic cell differentiation P The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of a type B pancreatic cell. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin.
3310 pancreatic A cell differentiation P The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features of a pancreatic A cell. A pancreatic A cell is a cell in the pancreas that secretes glucagon.
3311 pancreatic D cell differentiation P The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features that characterize a pancreatic delta cell. A delta cell is a cell of the pancreas that produces somatostatin.
3312 pancreatic PP cell differentiation P The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features of a pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell. A pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell is a cell in the pancreas that produces pancreatic polypeptide.
3313 heart rudiment development P The progression of the heart rudiment over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The heart rudiment is a cone-like structure that is formed when myocardial progenitor cells of the heart field fuse at the midline. The heart rudiment is the first structure of the heart tube.
3314 heart rudiment morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the heart rudiment are generated and organized.
3315 heart rudiment formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the heart rudiment.
3316 establishment of myocardial progenitor cell apical/basal polarity P The specification and formation of the apicobasal polarity of an myocardial progenitor cell that contributes to the formation of the heart rudiment.
3317 cardioblast cell midline fusion P The attachment of cardiac progenitor cells to one another that contributes to the formation of the heart rudiment.
3318 cell migration to the midline involved in heart development P The orderly movement of a cell toward the midline that contributes to the progression of the heart over time.
3319 cardioblast migration to the midline involved in heart rudiment formation P The orderly movement of a cardioblast toward the midline that contributes to the initial appearance of the heart rudiment.
3320 heart rudiment involution P The inward folding of myocardial tissue derived from the right half of the heart rudiment that will form the future ventral part of the heart tube.
3321 positive regulation of blood pressure by epinephrine-norepinephrine P Any process in which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is increased by the chemicals epinephrine and norepinephrine.
3322 pancreatic A cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pancreatic A cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pancreatic A cell is a cell in the pancreas that secretes glucagon.
3323 type B pancreatic cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a type B pancreatic cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin.
3324 pancreatic D cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pancreatic delta cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A delta cell is a cell of the pancreas that produces somatostatin.
3325 pancreatic PP cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pancreatic PP cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell is a cell in the pancreas that produces pancreatic polypeptide.
3326 pancreatic A cell fate commitment P The commitment of a cell to a pancreatic A cell and its capacity to differentiate into a pancreatic A cell. A pancreatic A cell is a cell in the pancreas that secretes glucagon.
3327 type B pancreatic cell fate commitment P The commitment of a cell to a type B pancreatic cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a type B pancreatic cell. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin.
3328 pancreatic D cell fate commitment P The commitment of a cell to a pancreatic D cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a pancreatic D cell. A delta cell is a cell of the pancreas that produces somatostatin.
3329 pancreatic PP cell fate commitment P The commitment of a cell to a pancreatic PP cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a pancreatic PP cell. A pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell is a cell in the pancreas that produces pancreatic polypeptide.
3330 regulation of extracellular matrix constituent secretion P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the controlled release of molecules that form the extracellular matrix, including carbohydrates and glycoproteins by a cell or a group of cells.
3331 positive regulation of extracellular matrix constituent secretion P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the controlled release of molecules that form the extracellular matrix, including carbohydrates and glycoproteins by a cell or a group of cells.
3332 negative regulation of extracellular matrix constituent secretion P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent the controlled release of molecules that form the extracellular matrix, including carbohydrates and glycoproteins by a cell or a group of cells.
3333 amino acid transmembrane transport P The directed movement of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
3334 keratinocyte development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a keratinocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
3335 corneocyte development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the corneocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A corneocyte is the last stage of development of a keratinocyte where the keratinocyte flattens, loses its nucleus and eventually delaminates from the epidermis.
3336 corneocyte desquamation P The delamination process that results in the shedding of a corneocyte from the surface of the epidermis.
3337 mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis P A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the metanephros.
3338 metanephros morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the metanephros are generated and organized.
3339 regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the metanephros.
3340 negative regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the metanephros.
3341 cilium movement P The directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium.
3342 proepicardium development P The progression of the proepicardium from its formation to the mature structure. The proepicardium is an outpouching of the septum transversum.
3343 septum transversum development P The progression of the septum transversum from its initial formation to the mature structure. The septum transversum is a portion of the trunk mesenchyme.
3344 pericardium morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structure of the pericardium is generated and organized.
3345 proepicardium cell migration involved in pericardium morphogenesis P The coordinated movement of a mesenchymal proepicardial cell to the surface of the developing heart.
3346 epicardium-derived cell migration to the myocardium P The orderly movement of a cell that have undergone an epithelial to mesenchymal transition from the epicardium into the myocardium.
3347 epicardial cell to mesenchymal cell transition P A transition where an epicardial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. The epicardium is a part of the pericardium.
3348 cardiac endothelial cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardiac endothelial cell.
3349 epicardium-derived cardiac endothelial cell differentiation P The process in which an epicardial cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardiac endothelial cell.
3350 pulmonary myocardium development P The progression of the pulmonary myocardium over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The pulmonary myocardium is the myocardial tissue present in the pulmonary vein.
3351 epithelial cilium movement P The directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium of an epithelial cell. This movement is usually coordinated between many epithelial cells, and serves to move fluid.
3352 regulation of cilium movement P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium.
3353 positive regulation of cilium movement P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium.
3354 negative regulation of cilium movement P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium.
3355 cilium movement involved in otolith formation P The directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium of an inner ear epithelial cell, resulting the aggregation of otolith seed particles.
3356 regulation of cilium beat frequency P Any process that modulates the frequency of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium.
3357 noradrenergic neuron differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an noradrenergic neuron, a neuron that secretes noradrenaline.
3358 noradrenergic neuron development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a noradrenergic neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
3359 noradrenergic neuron fate commitment P The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a noradrenergic neuron.
3360 brainstem development P The progression of the brainstem from its formation to the mature structure. The brainstem is the part of the brain that connects the brain with the spinal cord.
3361 noradrenergic neuron differentiation involved in brainstem development P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an noradrenergic neuron that is part of the brainstem.
3362 noradrenergic neuron fate commitment involved in brainstem development P The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a noradrenergic neuron that is part of the brainstem.
3363 lamellipodium assembly involved in ameboidal cell migration P Formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell that contributes to the directed self propelled movement of a cell.
3364 lamellipodium assembly involved in mesendodermal cell migration P Formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell that contributes to the directed self-propelled movement of a mesendodermal cell.
3365 establishment of cell polarity involved in ameboidal cell migration P The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization that contributes to the self-propelled directed movement of an ameboid cell.
3366 cell-matrix adhesion involved in ameboidal cell migration P The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix that contributes to the directed movement of an ameboid cell.
3367 cell-cell adhesion involved in ameboidal cell migration P The attachment of one ameboid cell to another that contributes to the establishment of cell polarity that is part of the directed movement of one of the cells.
3368 cell-matrix adhesion involved in mesendodermal cell migration P The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix that contributes to the directed movement of a mesendodermal cell.
3369 establishment of cell polarity involved in mesendodermal cell migration P The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization that contributes to the self-propelled directed movement of a mesendodermal cell.
3370 cell-cell adhesion involved in mesendodermal cell migration P The attachment of mesendodermal cells to each other that contributes to the establishment of cell polarity that is part of the directed movement of the cells of the mesendoderm.
3371 establishment or maintenance of cytoskeleton polarity involved in ameboidal cell migration P Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized cytoskeletal structures that contribute to the cell polarity of a migrating ameboid cell.
3372 establishment or maintenance of cytoskeleton polarity involved in mesendodermal cell migration P Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized cytoskeletal structures that contribute to the cell polarity of a migrating mesendodermal cell.
3373 dynamin family protein polymerization involved in membrane fission P The process of creating dynamin family protein polymers, compounds composed of a large number of dynamin family protein monomers. Dynamin family protein polymers form around lipid tubes and contribute to membrane fission.
3374 dynamin family protein polymerization involved in mitochondrial fission P The process of creating dynamin protein family polymers, compounds composed of a large number of dynamin family monomers around a lipid tube of a dividing mitochondrion. Dynamin polymers form around lipid tubes and contribute to membrane fission.
3375 regulation of dynamin family protein polymerization involved in membrane fission P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of dynamin family protein polymerization involved in mitochondrial fission.
3376 sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) binding to a receptor on the surface of the cell, and which proceeds with the activated receptor transmitting the signal by promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
3377 regulation of apoptosis by sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling pathway P A sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling pathway that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of apoptosis.
3378 regulation of inflammatory response by sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling pathway P A sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling pathway that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the inflammatory response.
3379 establishment of cell polarity involved in gastrulation cell migration P The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization that contributes to the self-propelled directed movement of an ameboid cell taking part in gastrulation.
3380 establishment or maintenance of cytoskeleton polarity involved in gastrulation P Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized cytoskeletal structures that contribute to the cell polarity of a migrating ameboid cell taking part in gastrulation.
3381 epithelial cell morphogenesis involved in gastrulation P The change in form that occurs when an epithelial cell progresses from it initial formation to its mature state, contributing to the process of gastrulation.
3382 epithelial cell morphogenesis P The change in form that occurs when an epithelial cell progresses from its initial formation to its mature state.
3383 apical constriction P The actin-mediated process that results in the contraction of the apical end of a polarized columnar epithelial cell.
3384 apical constriction involved in gastrulation P The actin-mediated process that results in the contraction of the apical end of a polarized columnar epithelial cell, contributing to the process of gastrulation.
3385 cell-cell signaling involved in amphid sensory organ development P Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the progression of an amphid sensory organ over time, from its formation to the mature state.
3386 amphid sensory organ development P The progression of the amphid sensory organ over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Amphid sensory organs are the sensory organs of nematodes.
3387 neuron differentiation involved in amphid sensory organ development P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron that contributes to the progression of the amphid sensory gland.
3388 neuron development involved in amphid sensory organ development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron over time, that contributes to the development of the amphid sensory organ.
3389 retrograde extension P The progression of a neuronal projection over time by the attachment of a part of the cell to an anchor and the subsequent migration of the cell body away from the anchor point.
3390 dendrite development by retrograde extension P The progression of a dendrite over time by the attachment of a part of the neuron to an anchor and the subsequent migration of the cell body away from the anchor point.
3391 amphid sensory organ dendrite retrograde extension P The progression of an amphid sensory organ's neuronal dendrite over time by the attachment of a part of the cell to an anchor and the subsequent migration of the cell body away from the anchor point.
3392 cell adhesion involved in retrograde extension P The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix that contributes to the process of retrograde extension.
3393 neuron migration involved in retrograde extension P The directed, self-propelled movement of a neuron that contributes to the process of retrograde extension.
3394 cell adhesion involved in dendrite retrograde extension P The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix that contributes to the process of retrograde extension of a dendrite.
3395 neuron migration involved in dendrite retrograde extension P The directed, self-propelled movement of a neuron that contributes to the process of retrograde extension of a dendrite.
3396 cell adhesion involved in amphid sensory organ dendrite retrograde extension P The directed, self-propelled movement of a neuron that contributes to the process of retrograde extension of a dendrite in a neuron of the amphid sensory organ.
3397 neuron migration involved in amphid sensory organ dendrite retrograde extension P The directed, self-propelled movement of a neuron that contributes to the process of retrograde extension of a dendrite of a neuron in the amphid sensory organ.
3398 glial cell differentiation involved in amphid sensory organ development P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a glial cell of the amphid sensory organ.
3399 cytoneme morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of a cytoneme are shaped. A cytoneme is a long, thin and polarized actin-based cytoplasmic extension that projects from a cell.
3400 regulation of COPII vesicle coating P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the addition of COPII proteins and adaptor proteins to ER membranes during the formation of transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat.
3401 axis elongation P The developmental growth that results in the elongation of a line that defines polarity or symmetry in an anatomical structure.
3402 planar cell polarity pathway involved in axis elongation P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity that contributes to axis elongation.
3403 optic vesicle formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the optic vesicle from the lateral wall of the forebrain. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the vesicle and ends when the vesicle has evaginated. The optic vesicle is the evagination of neurectoderm that precedes formation of the optic cup.
3404 optic vesicle morphogenesis P The developmental process pertaining to the formation and shaping of the optic vesicle. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the vesicle and ends when the vesicle has evaginated. The optic vesicle is the evagination of neurectoderm that precedes formation of the optic cup.
3405 optic vesicle elongation P The developmental growth that results in the lengthening of the optic vesicle in the posterior direction.
3406 retinal pigment epithelium development P The progression of the retinal pigment epithelium over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The retinal pigment epithelium is the melanin-containing layer of cells between the retina and the choroid that absorbs scattered and reflected light and removes waste products produced by the photoreceptor cells.
3407 neural retina development P The progression of the neural retina over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The neural retina is the part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells.
3408 optic cup formation involved in camera-type eye development P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the optic cup, a two-walled vesicle formed from the optic vesicle.
3409 optic cup structural organization P The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of the optic cup. This process pertains to the physical shaping of the rudimentary structure.
3410 anterior rotation of the optic cup P A 90 degree-rotation of the optic cup resulting in its alignment with the anterior-posterior body axis.
3411 cell motility involved in camera-type eye morphogenesis P Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another and contributes to the physical shaping or formation of the camera-type eye.
3412 establishment of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity involved in camera-type eye morphogenesis P The specification and formation of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell that contributes to the shaping of a camera-type eye.
3413 chondrocyte differentiation involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis P The process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte that will contribute to the development of a bone. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.
3414 chondrocyte morphogenesis involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis P The process in which the structures of a chondrocyte that will contribute to bone development are generated and organized.
3415 chondrocyte hypertrophy P The growth of a chondrocyte, where growth contributes to the progression of the chondrocyte over time.
3416 endochondral bone growth P The increase in size or mass of an endochondral bone that contributes to the shaping of the bone.
3417 growth plate cartilage development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage that will provide a scaffold for mineralization of endochondral bones as they elongate or grow.
3418 growth plate cartilage chondrocyte differentiation P The process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte that will contribute to the growth of a bone. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.
3419 growth plate cartilage chondrocyte proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes in a growing endochondral bone, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
3420 regulation of growth plate cartilage chondrocyte proliferation P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes in a growing endochondral bone, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
3421 growth plate cartilage axis specification P The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the columnar cartilage along the axis of a long bone that contributes to bone growth.
3422 growth plate cartilage morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of growth plate cartilage are generated and organized.
3423 growth plate cartilage chondrocyte division P The process resulting in the oriented physical partitioning and separation of a chondrocytes in the growth plate.
3424 establishment of cell polarity involved in growth plate cartilage chondrocyte division P The cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization that results in the directional division of a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte.
3425 establishment of mitotic spindle orientation involved in growth plate cartilage chondrocyte division P A cell cycle process that sets the alignment of mitotic spindle relative to other cellular structures and contributes to oriented chondrocyte division in the growth plate.
3426 cytoskeleton polarization involved in growth plate cartilage chondrocyte division P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the polarization of cytoskeletal structures in a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte. This process results in the oriented division of the cell.
3427 regulation of cytoskeleton polarization involved in growth plate cartilage chondrocyte division P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the polarization of cytoskeletal structures in a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte. This process results in the oriented division of the cell.
3428 chondrocyte intercalation involved in growth plate cartilage morphogenesis P The orderly movement of a chondrocyte from one site to another that contributes to the shaping of growth plate cartilage in an endochondral bone.
3429 growth plate cartilage chondrocyte morphogenesis P The process in which the structures of a chondrocyte in the growth plate cartilage are generated and organized.
3430 growth plate cartilage chondrocyte growth P The growth of a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte, where growth contributes to the progression of the chondrocyte over time from one condition to another.
3431 growth plate cartilage chondrocyte development P The progression of a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte over time from after its fate commitment to the mature cell.
3432 cell growth involved in growth plate cartilage chondrocyte morphogenesis P The growth of a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte, where growth contributes to the shaping of the chondrocyte over time.
3433 chondrocyte development involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis P The progression of a chondrocyte over time from after its commitment to its mature state where the chondrocyte will contribute to the shaping of an endochondral bone.
3434 BMP signaling pathway involved in growth plate cartilage chondrocyte development P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the progression of a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte over time.
3435 smoothened signaling pathway involved in growth plate cartilage chondrocyte development P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened that contributes to the progression of a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte over time.
3436 regulation of cell adhesion involved in growth plate cartilage morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell or to the extracellular matrix and contributes to the shaping of the growth plate cartilage of an endochondral bone.
3437 regulation of cell communication involved in growth plate cartilage morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication that contributes to the shaping of the growth plate cartilage.
3674 molecular_function F Elemental activities, such as catalysis or binding, describing the actions of a gene product at the molecular level. A given gene product may exhibit one or more molecular functions.
3676 nucleic acid binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any nucleic acid.
3677 DNA binding F Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
3678 DNA helicase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NTP + H2O = NDP + phosphate, to drive the unwinding of a DNA helix.
3680 AT DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with oligo(A) and oligo(T) tracts of DNA (AT DNA).
3681 bent DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA in a bent conformation.
3682 chromatin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase.
3684 damaged DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with damaged DNA.
3688 DNA replication origin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the DNA replication origin, a unique DNA sequence of a replicon at which DNA replication is initiated and proceeds bidirectionally or unidirectionally.
3689 DNA clamp loader activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to drive the opening of the ring structure of the PCNA complex, or any of the related sliding clamp complexes, and their closing around the DNA duplex.
3690 double-stranded DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded DNA.
3691 double-stranded telomeric DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded telomere-associated DNA.
3692 left-handed Z-DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA in the Z form, i.e. a left-handed helix in which the phosphate backbone zigzags.
3693 P-element binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any P-element, a class of Drosophila transposon responsible for hybrid dysgenesis.
3695 random coil DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA in a random coil configuration.
3696 satellite DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with satellite DNA, the many tandem repeats (identical or related) of a short basic repeating unit; many have a base composition or other property different from the genome average that allows them to be separated from the bulk (main band) genomic DNA.
3697 single-stranded DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with single-stranded DNA.
3700 transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.
3705 transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in a distal enhancer region for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) in order to modulate transcription by RNAP II.
3707 steroid hormone receptor activity F Combining with a steroid hormone and transmitting the signal within the cell to initiate a change in cell activity or function.
3708 retinoic acid receptor activity F Combining with retinoic acid and transmitting the signal to the transcriptional machinery by interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase II. Retinoic acid is one of the forms of vitamin A.
3712 transcription cofactor activity F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a regulatory transcription factor and also with the basal transcription machinery in order to modulate transcription. Cofactors generally do not bind the template nucleic acid, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between regulatory transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery.
3713 transcription coactivator activity F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a activating transcription factor and also with the basal transcription machinery in order to increase the frequency, rate or extent of transcription. Cofactors generally do not bind the template nucleic acid, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between activating transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery.
3714 transcription corepressor activity F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a repressing transcription factor and also with the basal transcription machinery in order to stop, prevent, or reduce the frequency, rate or extent of transcription. Cofactors generally do not bind the template nucleic acid, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between repressive transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery.
3720 telomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1). Catalyzes extension of the 3'- end of a DNA strand by one deoxynucleotide at a time using an internal RNA template that encodes the telomeric repeat sequence.
3721 telomerase RNA reverse transcriptase activity F Catalysis of the extension of the 3' end of a DNA strand by one deoxynucleotide at a time. Cannot initiate a chain de novo; uses the RNA subunit of the telomerase enzyme complex as its template.
3723 RNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA molecule or a portion thereof.
3724 RNA helicase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NTP + H2O = NDP + phosphate, to drive the unwinding of a RNA helix.
3725 double-stranded RNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded RNA.
3726 double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine + H2O = inosine + NH3, in a double-stranded RNA molecule.
3727 single-stranded RNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with single-stranded RNA.
3729 mRNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with messenger RNA (mRNA), an intermediate molecule between DNA and protein. mRNA includes UTR and coding sequences, but does not contain introns.
3730 mRNA 3'-UTR binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the 3' untranslated region of an mRNA molecule.
3735 structural constituent of ribosome F The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the ribosome.
3743 translation initiation factor activity F Functions in the initiation of ribosome-mediated translation of mRNA into a polypeptide.
3746 translation elongation factor activity F Functions in chain elongation during polypeptide synthesis at the ribosome.
3747 translation release factor activity F Involved in catalyzing the release of a nascent polypeptide chain from a ribosome.
3755 peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl-proline (omega=180) = peptidyl-proline (omega=0).
3756 protein disulfide isomerase activity F Catalysis of the rearrangement of both intrachain and interchain disulfide bonds in proteins.
3774 motor activity F Catalysis of the generation of force resulting either in movement along a microfilament or microtubule, or in torque resulting in membrane scission, coupled to the hydrolysis of a nucleoside triphosphate.
3777 microtubule motor activity F Catalysis of movement along a microtubule, coupled to the hydrolysis of a nucleoside triphosphate (usually ATP).
3779 actin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with monomeric or multimeric forms of actin, including actin filaments.
3785 actin monomer binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with monomeric actin, also known as G-actin.
3786 actin lateral binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an actin filament along its length.
3796 lysozyme activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the beta-(1->4) linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in a peptidoglycan.
3810 protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: protein glutamine + alkylamine = protein N5-alkylglutamine + NH3. This reaction is the formation of the N6-(L-isoglutamyl)-L-lysine isopeptide, resulting in cross-linking polypeptide chains; the gamma-carboxamide groups of peptidyl-glutamine residues act as acyl donors, and the 6-amino-groups of peptidyl-lysine residues act as acceptors, to give intra- and intermolecular N6-(5-glutamyl)lysine cross-links.
3823 antigen binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an antigen, any substance which is capable of inducing a specific immune response and of reacting with the products of that response, the specific antibody or specifically sensitized T-lymphocytes, or both. Binding may counteract the biological activity of the antigen.
3824 catalytic activity F Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic.
3825 alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (UDP-forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + D-glucose-6-phosphate = UDP + alpha,alpha-trehalose-6-phosphate.
3826 alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction involving an alpha-ketoacid.
3827 alpha-1,3-mannosylglycoprotein 2-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(alpha-D-mannosyl)-beta-D-mannosyl-R + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = 3-(2-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl]-alpha-D-mannosyl)-beta-D-mannosyl-R + H(+) + UDP.
3828 alpha-N-acetylneuraminate alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate + alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-R = CMP + alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->8)-alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-R.
3829 beta-1,3-galactosyl-O-glycosyl-glycoprotein beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R = UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->6)]-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R.
3830 beta-1,4-mannosylglycoprotein 4-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-D-mannosyl-R = UDP + 4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)-beta-D-mannosyl-R.
3831 beta-N-acetylglucosaminylglycopeptide beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide = UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide.
3832 beta-alanyl-dopamine hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-beta-alanyl dopamine + H2O = dopamine + beta-alanine.
3833 beta-alanyl-dopamine synthase activity F Catalysis of the synthesis of beta-alanyl-dopamine from the precursor dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine).
3834 beta-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: beta-carotene + O(2) = 2 retinal.
3835 beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine = CMP + alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->6)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine.
3836 beta-galactoside (CMP) alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl-R = CMP + alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl-R.
3837 beta-ureidopropionase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-carbamoyl-beta-alanine + H2O = beta-alanine + CO2 + NH3.
3838 sterol 24-C-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 5-alpha-cholest-8,24-dien-3-beta-ol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 24-methylene-5-alpha-cholest-8-en-3-beta-ol.
3839 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (5-L-glutamyl)-L-amino acid = 5-oxoproline + L-amino acid.
3840 gamma-glutamyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (5-L-glutamyl)-peptide + an amino acid = peptide + 5-L-glutamyl-amino acid.
3841 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate = CoA + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate.
3842 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NAD+ + H2O = L-glutamate + NADH + H(+).
3843 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n) = UDP + [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n+1).
3844 1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a segment of a (1->4)-alpha-D-glucan chain to a primary hydroxyl group in a similar glucan chain.
3845 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase [NAD(P)] activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an 11-beta-hydroxysteroid + NAD(P)+ = an 11-oxosteroid + NAD(P)H + H(+).
3846 2-acylglycerol O-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + 2-acylglycerol = CoA + diacylglycerol.
3847 1-alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine esterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = 1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acetate.
3848 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyldihydropteridine diphosphokinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine + ATP = (2-amino-4-hydroxy-7,8-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate + AMP + 2 H(+).
3849 3-deoxy-7-phosphoheptulonate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-erythrose 4-phosphate + H(2)O + phosphoenolpyruvate = 7-phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptonate + phosphate.
3850 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-deoxy-D-glucose-6-phosphate + H2O = 2-deoxy-D-glucose + phosphate.
3851 2-hydroxyacylsphingosine 1-beta-galactosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + 2-(2-hydroxyacyl)sphingosine = UDP + 1-(beta-D-galactosyl)-2-(2-hydroxyacyl)sphingosine.
3852 2-isopropylmalate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + acetyl-CoA + H(2)O = (2S)-2-isopropylmalate + CoA + H(+).
3853 2-methylacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylbutanoyl-CoA + acceptor = 2-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA + reduced acceptor.
3854 3-beta-hydroxy-delta5-steroid dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-beta-hydroxy-delta(5)-steroid + NAD+ = a 3-oxo-delta(5)-steroid + NADH + H(+).
3855 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-dehydroquinate = 3-dehydroshikimate + H(2)O.
3856 3-dehydroquinate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 7-phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptonate = 3-dehydroquinate + phosphate.
3857 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA + NAD+ = 3-oxoacyl-CoA + NADH + H(+).
3858 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-3-hydroxybutanoate + NAD(+) = acetoacetate + H(+) + NADH.
3859 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA = crotonoyl-CoA + H(2)O.
3860 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl-CoA + H2O = CoA + 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate.
3861 3-isopropylmalate dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-isopropylmalate = 2-isopropylmaleate + H2O.
3862 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate + NAD+ = 3-carboxy-4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + NADH + H+.
3863 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (2-methylpropanoyl-transferring) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + lipoamide = S-(2-methylpropanoyl)dihydrolipoamide + CO2.
3864 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate hydroxymethyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate = tetrahydrofolate + 2-dehydropantoate.
3865 3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid + acceptor = a 3-oxo-delta(4)-steroid + reduced acceptor.
3866 3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phosphoshikimate + phosphoenolpyruvate = 5-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-3-phosphoshikimate + phosphate.
3867 4-aminobutyrate transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobutanoate + amino group acceptor = succinate semialdehyde + amino acid.
3868 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + O2 = homogentisate + CO2.
3870 5-aminolevulinate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glycine + H(+) + succinyl-CoA = 5-aminolevulinate + CO(2) + CoA.
3871 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate-homocysteine S-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltri-L-glutamate + L-homocysteine = L-methionine + tetrahydropteroyltri-L-glutamate.
3872 6-phosphofructokinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-fructose-6-phosphate = ADP + D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.
3873 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate + ATP = beta-D-fructose 2,6-bisphosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).
3874 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate = 6-pyruvoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin + H(+) + triphosphate.
3875 ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N2-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-arginine + H2O = L-arginine + ADP-ribose.
3876 AMP deaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: AMP + H2O = IMP + NH3.
3877 ATP adenylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + ATP = phosphate + P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-adenosyl)tetraphosphate.
3878 ATP citrate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + ADP + H(+) + oxaloacetate + phosphate = ATP + citrate + CoA.
3879 ATP phosphoribosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-ATP + diphosphate = ATP + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.
3880 protein C-terminal carboxyl O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the oxygen atom of a carboxyl group at the C-terminal of a protein.
3881 CDP-diacylglycerol-inositol 3-phosphatidyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol + CDP-diacylglycerol = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + CMP + H(+).
3882 CDP-diacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-diacylglycerol + L-serine = CMP + O-sn-phosphatidyl-L-serine.
3883 CTP synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + UTP + NH3 = ADP + phosphate + CTP.
3884 D-amino-acid oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a D-amino acid + H2O + O2 = a 2-oxo acid + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide.
3885 D-arabinono-1,4-lactone oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + O(2) = dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + H(2)O(2) + H(+).
3886 DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + DNA containing cytosine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + DNA containing 5-methylcytosine.
3887 DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1); the synthesis of DNA from deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates in the presence of a DNA template and a 3'hydroxyl group.
3896 DNA primase activity F Catalysis of the synthesis of a short RNA primer on a DNA template, providing a free 3'-OH that can be extended by DNA-directed DNA polymerases.
3899 DNA-directed 5'-3' RNA polymerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template, i.e. the catalysis of DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.
3904 deoxyribodipyrimidine photo-lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cyclobutadipyrimidine (in DNA) = 2 pyrimidine residues (in DNA). This reaction represents the reactivation of irradiated DNA by light.
3905 alkylbase DNA N-glycosylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: DNA with alkylated base + H2O = DNA with abasic site + alkylated base. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar to remove an alkylated base, leaving an apyrimidinic or apurinic site.
3906 DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase activity F Catalysis of the cleavage of the C-O-P bond 3' to the apurinic or apyrimidinic site in DNA by a beta-elimination reaction, leaving a 3'-terminal unsaturated sugar and a product with a terminal 5'-phosphate.
3908 methylated-DNA-[protein]-cysteine S-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: DNA (containing 6-O-methylguanine) + (protein)-L-cysteine = DNA (without 6-O-methylguanine) + protein S-methyl-L-cysteine.
3909 DNA ligase activity F Catalysis of the formation of a phosphodiester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group at the end of one DNA chain and the 5'-phosphate group at the end of another. This reaction requires an energy source such as ATP or NAD+.
3910 DNA ligase (ATP) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + deoxyribonucleotide(n) + deoxyribonucleotide(m) = AMP + diphosphate + deoxyribonucleotide(n+m).
3911 DNA ligase (NAD+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + deoxyribonucleotide(n) + deoxyribonucleotide(m) = AMP + nicotinamide nucleotide + deoxyribonucleotide(n+m).
3912 DNA nucleotidylexotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1).
3913 DNA photolyase activity F Catalysis of the repair of a photoproduct resulting from ultraviolet irradiation of two adjacent pyrimidine residues in DNA.
3914 DNA (6-4) photolyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: pyrimidine-pyrimidone (6-4) photoproduct (in DNA) = 2 pyrimidine residues (in DNA). Catalyzes the reactivation of ultraviolet-irradiated DNA.
3916 DNA topoisomerase activity F Catalysis of the transient cleavage and passage of individual DNA strands or double helices through one another, resulting a topological transformation in double-stranded DNA.
3917 DNA topoisomerase type I activity F Catalysis of a DNA topological transformation by transiently cleaving one DNA strand at a time to allow passage of another strand; changes the linking number by +1 per catalytic cycle.
3918 DNA topoisomerase type II (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity F Catalysis of a DNA topological transformation by transiently cleaving a pair of complementary DNA strands to form a gate through which a second double-stranded DNA segment is passed, after which the severed strands in the first DNA segment are rejoined; product release is coupled to ATP binding and hydrolysis; changes the linking number in multiples of 2.
3919 FMN adenylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + FMN = diphosphate + FAD.
3920 GMP reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: IMP + NADP(+) + NH(4)(+) = GMP + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
3921 GMP synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + xanthosine 5'-phosphate + NH3 = AMP + diphosphate + GMP.
3922 GMP synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + xanthosine 5'-phosphate + L-glutamine + H2O = AMP + diphosphate + GMP + L-glutamate.
3923 GPI-anchor transamidase activity F Catalysis of the formation of the linkage between a protein and a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. The reaction probably occurs by subjecting a peptide bond to nucleophilic attack by the amino group of ethanolamine-GPI, transferring the protein from a signal peptide to the GPI anchor.
3924 GTPase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O = GDP + phosphate.
3933 GTP cyclohydrolase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the imidazole ring of GTP, releasing formate. Two C-N bonds are hydrolyzed and the pentase unit is isomerized.
3934 GTP cyclohydrolase I activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O = formate + 7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate.
3935 GTP cyclohydrolase II activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + 3 H(2)O = 2,5-diamino-6-hydroxy-4-(5-phosphoribosylamino)-pyrimidine + diphosphate + formate + 3 H(+).
3937 IMP cyclohydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: IMP + H2O = 5-formamido-1-(5-phosphoribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide.
3938 IMP dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: inosine 5'-phosphate + NAD+ + H2O = xanthosine 5'-phosphate + NADH + H+.
3939 L-iditol 2-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-iditol + NAD+ = L-sorbose + NADH + H+.
3940 L-iduronidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-L-iduronosidic linkages in dermatan sulfate.
3941 L-serine ammonia-lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine = pyruvate + NH3.
3942 N-acetyl-gamma-glutamyl-phosphate reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + NADP+ + phosphate = N-acetyl-5-glutamyl phosphate + NADPH + H+.
3943 N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 4-sulfate groups of the N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate units of chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate.
3944 N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphodiester alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glycoprotein N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-phospho-D-mannose + H2O = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + glycoprotein phospho-D-mannose.
3945 N-acetyllactosamine synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = UDP + N-acetyllactosamine.
3947 (N-acetylneuraminyl)-galactosylglucosylceramide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + (N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide = UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide.
3948 N4-(beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl)-L-asparaginase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N(4)-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagine + H(2)O = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylamine + L-aspartate + H(+).
3949 1-(5-phosphoribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(5-phosphoribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide = 5-[(5-phospho-1-deoxy-D-ribulos-1-ylimino)methylamino]-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide.
3950 NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + (ADP-D-ribosyl)(n)-acceptor = nicotinamide + (ADP-D-ribosyl)(n+1)-acceptor.
3951 NAD+ kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + NAD(+) = ADP + 2 H(+) + NADP(+).
3952 NAD+ synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + deamido-NAD+ + L-glutamine + H2O = AMP + diphosphate + NAD+ + L-glutamate.
3953 NAD+ nucleosidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + H2O = nicotinamide + ADP-ribose.
3954 NADH dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + H+ + acceptor = NAD+ + reduced acceptor.
3955 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)H + H+ + a quinone = NAD(P)+ + a hydroquinone.
3956 NAD(P)+-protein-arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + L-arginine = nicotinamide + N2-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-arginine.
3957 NAD(P)+ transhydrogenase (B-specific) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + NAD+ = NADP+ + NADH + H+, driving the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other. In the course of the reaction (left to right) one H atom is transferred from inside the cell to outside. The reaction is B-specific (i.e. the pro-S hydrogen is transferred from the 4-position of reduced nicotinamide cofactor) with respect to both NAD+ and NADP+.
3958 NADPH-hemoprotein reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + n oxidized hemoprotein = NADP+ + n reduced hemoprotein.
3959 NADPH dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + acceptor = NADP+ + reduced acceptor.
3960 NADPH:quinone reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + quinone = NADP+ + semiquinone.
3961 O-acetylhomoserine aminocarboxypropyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: O-acetyl-L-homoserine + methanethiol = L-methionine + acetate. Also reacts with other thiols and H2S, producing homocysteine or thioethers.
3962 cystathionine gamma-synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: O-succinyl-L-homoserine + L-cysteine = cystathionine + succinate.
3963 RNA-3'-phosphate cyclase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + RNA 3'-terminal-phosphate = AMP + diphosphate + RNA terminal-2',3'-cyclic-phosphate.
3964 RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1). Catalyzes RNA-template-directed extension of the 3'- end of a DNA strand by one deoxynucleotide at a time.
3968 RNA-directed 5'-3' RNA polymerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1); uses an RNA template, i.e. the catalysis of RNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time.
3972 RNA ligase (ATP) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + ribonucleotide(n) + ribonucleotide(m) = AMP + diphosphate + ribonucleotide(n+m).
3973 (S)-2-hydroxy-acid oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-hydroxy-acid + O2 = 2-oxo acid + hydrogen peroxide.
3974 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 4-epimerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine.
3975 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-dolichyl-phosphate N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + dolichyl phosphate = UMP + N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-diphosphodolichol.
3976 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-lysosomal-enzyme N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + lysosomal-enzyme D-mannose = UMP + lysosomal-enzyme N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-phospho-D-mannose.
3977 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine diphosphorylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate + UTP = diphosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine.
3978 UDP-glucose 4-epimerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose = UDP-galactose.
3979 UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + 2 NAD(+) + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = 3 H(+) + 2 NADH + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate.
3980 UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the addition of UDP-glucose on to asparagine-linked (N-linked) oligosaccharides of the form Man7-9GlcNAc2 on incorrectly folded glycoproteins.
3983 UTP:glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + UTP = diphosphate + UDP-D-glucose.
3984 acetolactate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 pyruvate = 2-acetolactate + CO2.
3985 acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 acetyl-CoA = CoA + acetoacetyl-CoA.
3986 acetyl-CoA hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + H(2)O = acetate + CoA + H(+).
3987 acetate-CoA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + acetate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA.
3988 acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA = CoA + 3-oxoacyl-CoA.
3989 acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO3- = ADP + phosphate + malonyl-CoA.
3990 acetylcholinesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetylcholine + H2O = choline + acetate.
3991 acetylglutamate kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + N-acetyl-L-glutamate = ADP + N-acetyl-L-glutamate-5-phosphate.
3992 N2-acetyl-L-ornithine:2-oxoglutarate 5-aminotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine = N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + L-glutamate.
3993 acid phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an orthophosphoric monoester + H2O = an alcohol + phosphate, with an acid pH optimum.
3994 aconitate hydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: citrate = isocitrate. The reaction occurs in two steps: (1) citrate = cis-aconitate + H2O, (2) cis-aconitate + H2O = isocitrate. This reaction is the interconversion of citrate and isocitrate via the labile, enzyme-bound intermediate cis-aconitate. Water is removed from one part of the citrate molecule and added back to a different atom to form isocitrate.
3995 acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + acceptor = 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + reduced acceptor.
3996 acyl-CoA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a long-chain carboxylic acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA; long-chain fatty acids have chain lengths of C13 to C22.
3997 acyl-CoA oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + O2 = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + hydrogen peroxide.
3998 acylphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an acyl phosphate + H2O = a carboxylate + phosphate.
3999 adenine phosphoribosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: AMP + diphosphate = adenine + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.
4000 adenosine deaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine + H2O = inosine + NH3.
4001 adenosine kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + adenosine = ADP + AMP.
4003 ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; this reaction drives the unwinding of the DNA helix.
4004 ATP-dependent RNA helicase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; this reaction drives the unwinding of an RNA helix.
4008 copper-exporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Cu2+(in) -> ADP + phosphate + Cu2+(out).
4012 phospholipid-translocating ATPase activity F Catalysis of the movement of phospholipids from one membrane bilayer leaflet to the other, driven by the hydrolysis of ATP.
4013 adenosylhomocysteinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H2O = adenosine + L-homocysteine.
4014 adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + H(+) = S-adenosylmethioninamine + CO(2).
4015 adenosylmethionine-8-amino-7-oxononanoate transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 8-amino-7-oxononanoate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = 7,8-diaminononanoate + S-adenosyl-4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoate.
4016 adenylate cyclase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate.
4017 adenylate kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + AMP = 2 ADP.
4018 N6-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)AMP AMP-lyase (fumarate-forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N6-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)AMP = fumarate + AMP.
4019 adenylosuccinate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + GTP + IMP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + 3 H(+) + phosphate.
4020 adenylylsulfate kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + adenylylsulfate = ADP + 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate.
4021 L-alanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-alanine = L-glutamate + pyruvate.
4022 alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an alcohol + NAD+ = an aldehyde or ketone + NADH + H+.
4023 alcohol dehydrogenase activity, metal ion-independent F Catalysis of the reaction: an alcohol + NAD+ = an aldehyde or ketone + NADH + H+; can proceed in the absence of a metal ion.
4024 alcohol dehydrogenase activity, zinc-dependent F Catalysis of the reaction: an alcohol + NAD+ = an aldehyde or ketone + NADH + H+, requiring the presence of zinc.
4025 alcohol dehydrogenase activity, iron-dependent F Catalysis of the reaction: an alcohol + NAD+ = an aldehyde or ketone + NADH + H+, requiring the presence of iron.
4026 alcohol O-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + an alcohol = CoA + an acetyl ester.
4027 alcohol sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + an alcohol = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + an alkyl sulfate.
4028 3-chloroallyl aldehyde dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-chloroallyl aldehyde + H2O = 2 H+ + 2 e- + 3-chloroacrylic acid.
4029 aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = an acid + NADH + H+.
4030 aldehyde dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an aldehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O = an acid + NAD(P)H + H+.
4031 aldehyde oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an aldehyde + H2O + O2 = a carboxylic acid + hydrogen peroxide.
4032 alditol:NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an alditol + NADP+ = an aldose + NADPH + H+.
4033 aldo-keto reductase (NADP) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an alcohol + NADP+ = an aldehyde or a ketone + NADPH + H+.
4034 aldose 1-epimerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose = beta-D-glucose. Also acts on L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-galactose, maltose and lactose.
4035 alkaline phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an orthophosphoric monoester + H2O = an alcohol + phosphate, with an alkaline pH optimum.
4037 allantoicase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: allantoate + H(2)O = (S)-ureidoglycolate + urea.
4038 allantoinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: allantoin + H2O = allantoate.
4039 allophanate hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + 3 H(+) + urea-1-carboxylate = 2 CO(2) + 2 NH(4)(+).
4040 amidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a monocarboxylic acid amide + H2O = a monocarboxylate + NH3.
4042 acetyl-CoA:L-glutamate N-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-L-glutamate + CoA + H(+).
4043 L-aminoadipate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-2-aminoadipate 6-semialdehyde + NADP+ + H2O = L-2-aminoadipate + NADPH + H+.
4044 amidophosphoribosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamine + L-glutamate + diphosphate = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + L-glutamine + H(2)O.
4045 aminoacyl-tRNA hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-substituted aminoacyl-tRNA + H2O = N-substituted amino acid + tRNA.
4046 aminoacylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an N-acyl-L-amino acid + H2O = a carboxylate + an L-amino acid.
4047 aminomethyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (6S)-tetrahydrofolate + S-aminomethyldihydrolipoylprotein = (6R)-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NH3 + dihydrolipoylprotein.
4048 anthranilate phosphoribosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)anthranilate + diphosphate = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + anthranilate.
4049 anthranilate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: chorismate + L-glutamine = anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate.
4051 arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + O2 = (6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-(5S)-5-hydroperoxycosa-6,8,11,14-tetraenoate.
4052 arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + O(2) = (5Z,8Z,10E,12S,14Z)-12-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoate.
4053 arginase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine + H2O = L-ornithine + urea.
4054 arginine kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine + ATP = N(omega)-phospho-L-arginine + ADP + 2 H(+).
4055 argininosuccinate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-citrulline + L-aspartate = AMP + diphosphate + (N(omega)-L-arginino)succinate.
4056 argininosuccinate lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-(L-arginino)succinate = fumarate + L-arginine.
4057 arginyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginyl-tRNA + protein = tRNA + L-arginyl-protein.
4058 aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-amino acid + H+ = R-H + CO2.
4059 aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + an aralkylamine = CoA + an N-acetylaralkylamine.
4060 arylamine N-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + an arylamine = CoA + an N-acetylarylamine.
4061 arylformamidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = formate + L-kynurenine.
4062 aryl sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + a phenol = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + an aryl sulfate.
4063 aryldialkylphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: aryl dialkyl phosphate + H2O = dialkyl phosphate + an aryl alcohol.
4064 arylesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a phenyl acetate + H2O = a phenol + acetate.
4065 arylsulfatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a phenol sulfate + H2O = a phenol + sulfate.
4066 asparagine synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-aspartate + L-glutamine = AMP + diphosphate + L-asparagine + L-glutamate.
4067 asparaginase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-asparagine + H2O = L-aspartate + NH3.
4068 aspartate 1-decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate = beta-alanine + CO2.
4069 L-aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + 2-oxoglutarate = oxaloacetate + L-glutamate.
4070 aspartate carbamoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + carbamoyl phosphate = N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate + H(+) + phosphate.
4071 aspartate-ammonia ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-aspartate + NH3 = AMP + diphosphate + L-asparagine.
4072 aspartate kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + ATP = 4-phospho-L-aspartate + ADP + H(+).
4073 aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde + NADP(+) + phosphate = 4-phospho-L-aspartate + H(+) + NADPH.
4074 biliverdin reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: bilirubin + NAD(P)+ = biliverdin + NAD(P)H + H+.
4075 biotin carboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin-carboxyl-carrier protein + CO2 = ADP + phosphate + carboxybiotin-carboxyl-carrier protein.
4076 biotin synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dethiobiotin + S(2-) = 2 5'-deoxyadenosine + 2 L-methionine + biotin + H(+).
4077 biotin-[acetyl-CoA-carboxylase] ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + apo-(acetyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP forming)) = AMP + diphosphate + (acetyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP forming)).
4078 biotin-[methylcrotonoyl-CoA-carboxylase] ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + apo-(3-methylcrotonoyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)) = AMP + diphosphate + (3-methylcrotonoyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)).
4079 biotin-[methylmalonyl-CoA-carboxytransferase] ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + apo-(methylmalonyl-CoA:pyruvate carboxytransferase) = AMP + diphosphate + (methylmalonyl-CoA:pyruvate carboxytransferase).
4080 biotin-[propionyl-CoA-carboxylase (ATP-hydrolyzing)] ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + apo-(propanoyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)) = AMP + diphosphate + (propanoyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)).
4081 bis(5'-nucleosyl)-tetraphosphatase (asymmetrical) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-nucleosyl)tetraphosphate + H2O = NTP + NMP. Acts on bis(5'-guanosyl)-, bis(5'-xanthosyl)-, bis(5'-adenosyl)- and bis(5'-uridyl)-tetraphosphate.
4082 bisphosphoglycerate mutase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate = 2,3-bisphospho-D-glycerate.
4083 bisphosphoglycerate 2-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-bisphospho-D-glycerate + H(2)O = 3-phospho-D-glycerate + phosphate.
4084 branched-chain-amino-acid transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a branched-chain amino acid + 2-oxoglutarate = L-glutamate + a 2-oxocarboxylate derived from the branched-chain amino acid.
4085 butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: butanoyl-CoA + electron-transfer flavoprotein = 2-butenoyl-CoA + reduced electron-transfer flavoprotein.
4087 carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (ammonia) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 ATP + CO(2) + H(2)O + NH(4)(+) = 2 ADP + carbamoyl phosphate + 5 H(+) + phosphate.
4088 carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 ATP + L-glutamine + CO2 + H2O = 2 ADP + phosphate + glutamate + carbamoyl phosphate.
4089 carbonate dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2CO3 = CO2 + H2O.
4090 carbonyl reductase (NADPH) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: R-CHOH-R' + NADP+ = R-CO-R' + NADPH + H+.
4092 carnitine O-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + carnitine = (R)-O-acetylcarnitine + CoA.
4095 carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + L-carnitine = CoA + L-palmitoylcarnitine.
4096 catalase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 hydrogen peroxide = O2 + 2 H2O.
4097 catechol oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 catechol + O2 = 2 1,2-benzoquinone + 2 H2O.
4098 cerebroside-sulfatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a cerebroside 3-sulfate + H2O = a cerebroside + sulfate.
4099 chitin deacetylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: chitin + H2O = chitosan + acetate.
4100 chitin synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1-](n) = UDP + [->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1-](n+1).
4102 choline O-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + choline = acetylcholine + CoA.
4103 choline kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + choline = ADP + choline phosphate + 2 H(+).
4104 cholinesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an acylcholine + H2O = choline + a carboxylic acid anion.
4105 choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + choline phosphate = diphosphate + CDP-choline.
4106 chorismate mutase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: chorismate = prephenate.
4107 chorismate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-3-phosphoshikimate = chorismate + phosphate.
4108 citrate (Si)-synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + H2O + oxaloacetate = citrate + CoA, where the acetyl group is added to the si-face of oxaloacetate; acetyl-CoA thus provides the two carbon atoms of the pro-S carboxymethyl group.
4109 coproporphyrinogen oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: coproporphyrinogen III + 2 H(+) + O(2) = 2 CO(2) + 2 H(2)O + protoporphyrinogen IX.
4110 corticosteroid side-chain-isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 11-deoxycorticosterone = 20-hydroxy-3-oxopregn-4-en-21-al.
4111 creatine kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + creatine = N-phosphocreatine + ADP + 2 H(+).
4112 cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a nucleoside cyclic phosphate + H2O = a nucleoside phosphate.
4113 2',3'-cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside 2',3'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleoside 2'-phosphate.
4114 3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleoside 5'-phosphate.
4115 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = adenosine 5'-phosphate.
4117 calmodulin-dependent cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleoside 5'-phosphate; catalytic activity is regulated by calmodulin.
4118 cGMP-stimulated cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleoside 5'-phosphate; catalytic activity is increased in the presence of cGMP.
4119 cGMP-inhibited cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleoside 5'-phosphate; catalytic activity is decreased in the presence of cGMP.
4120 photoreceptor cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleoside phosphate. This reaction is the hydrolysis of bonds in a cyclic nucleotide.
4121 cystathionine beta-lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cystathionine + H2O = L-homocysteine + NH3 + pyruvate.
4122 cystathionine beta-synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + L-homocysteine = cystathionine + H2O.
4123 cystathionine gamma-lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-cystathionine + H2O = 2-oxobutanoate + L-cysteine + NH4+.
4124 cysteine synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: O3-acetyl-L-serine + hydrogen sulfide = L-cysteine + acetate.
4125 L-seryl-tRNASec selenium transferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-seryl-tRNA(Sec) + selenophosphate = L-selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec) + H2O + phosphate.
4126 cytidine deaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cytidine + H2O = uridine + NH3.
4127 cytidylate kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + (d)CMP = ADP + (d)CDP.
4128 cytochrome-b5 reductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H F Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)H + H+ + 2 ferricytochrome b(5) = NAD(P)+ + 2 ferrocytochrome b(5).
4129 cytochrome-c oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4 ferrocytochrome c + O2 + 4 H+ = 4 ferricytochrome c + 2 H2O.
4130 cytochrome-c peroxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 ferrocytochrome c + hydrogen peroxide = 2 ferricytochrome c + 2 H2O.
4131 cytosine deaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cytosine + H2O = uracil + NH3.
4132 dCMP deaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dCMP + H2O = dUMP + NH3.
4133 glycogen debranching enzyme activity F Catalysis of the cleavage of branch points in branched glycogen polymers.
4134 4-alpha-glucanotransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a segment of a (1->4)-alpha-D-glucan to a new 4-position in an acceptor, which may be glucose or (1->4)-alpha-D-glucan.
4135 amylo-alpha-1,6-glucosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-glucosidic branch linkages in glycogen phosphorylase limit dextrin. Limit dextrin is the highly branched core that remains after exhaustive treatment of glycogen with glycogen phosphorylase. It is formed because these enzymes cannot hydrolyze the (1->6) glycosidic linkages present.
4136 deoxyadenosine kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxyadenosine + ATP = ADP + dAMP + 2 H(+).
4137 deoxycytidine kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NTP + deoxycytidine = NDP + CMP.
4138 deoxyguanosine kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxyguanosine + ATP = ADP + dGMP + 2 H(+).
4139 deoxyribose-phosphate aldolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphate = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + acetaldehyde.
4140 dephospho-CoA kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-dephospho-CoA + ATP = ADP + CoA + 2 H(+).
4141 dethiobiotin synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-diaminononanoate + ATP + CO(2) = ADP + dethiobiotin + 4 H(+) + phosphate.
4142 diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-choline + 1,2-diacylglycerol = CMP + a phosphatidylcholine.
4143 diacylglycerol kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NTP + 1,2-diacylglycerol = NDP + 1,2-diacylglycerol-3-phosphate.
4144 diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + 1,2-diacylglycerol = CoA + triacylglycerol.
4145 diamine N-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + an alkane-alpha,omega-diamine = CoA + an N-acetyldiamine.
4146 dihydrofolate reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + NADP+ = 7,8-dihydrofolate + NADPH + H+.
4147 dihydrolipoamide branched chain acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + dihydrolipoamide = CoA + S-acyldihydrolipoamide, where the acyl group is a branched chain.
4148 dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: protein N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine + NAD+ = protein N6-(lipoyl)lysine + NADH + H+.
4149 dihydrolipoyllysine-residue succinyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: succinyl-CoA + dihydrolipoamide = CoA + S-succinyldihydrolipoamide.
4150 dihydroneopterin aldolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(D-erythro-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)-7,8-dihydropteridine = 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine + glycolaldehyde.
4151 dihydroorotase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-dihydroorotate + H(2)O = N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate + H(+).
4152 dihydroorotate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-dihydroorotate + A = AH(2) + orotate.
4153 dihydropterin deaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydropterin + H2O = 7,8-dihydrolumazine + NH3.
4154 dihydropterin oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a 7,8-dihydropteridine + O2 = a pterin + hydrogen peroxide.
4155 6,7-dihydropteridine reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine = NADPH + H+ + 6,7-dihydropteridine.
4156 dihydropteroate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine diphosphate + 4-aminobenzoate = diphosphate + dihydropteroate.
4157 dihydropyrimidinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5,6-dihydrouracil + H2O = 3-ureidopropionate.
4158 dihydroorotate oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-dihydroorotate + O(2) = H(2)O(2) + orotate.
4159 dihydrouracil dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5,6-dihydrouracil + NAD+ = uracil + NADH + H+.
4160 dihydroxy-acid dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + H2O.
4161 dimethylallyltranstransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylallyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = diphosphate + geranyl diphosphate.
4162 dimethylnitrosamine demethylase activity F Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from N-nitrosodimethylamine.
4163 diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-5-diphosphomevalonate + ATP = ADP + CO(2) + H(+) + isopentenyl diphosphate + phosphate.
4164 diphthine synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 2-(3-carboxy-3-aminopropyl)-L-histidine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2-(3-carboxy-3-(methylammonio)propyl)-L-histidine.
4165 dodecenoyl-CoA delta-isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-cis-dodecenoyl-CoA = 2-trans-dodecenoyl-CoA.
4166 dolichyl-phosphate alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + dolichyl phosphate = UDP + dolichyl N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl phosphate.
4167 dopachrome isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-dopachrome = 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylate.
4168 dolichol kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + dolichol = CDP + dolichyl phosphate.
4169 dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dolichyl phosphate D-mannose + protein = dolichyl phosphate + O-D-mannosylprotein.
4170 dUTP diphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dUTP + H2O = dUMP + diphosphate.
4173 ecdysone O-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: Ecdysone + palmitoyl-CoA = CoA + ecdysone palmitate.
4174 electron-transferring-flavoprotein dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: reduced ETF + ubiquinone = ETF + ubiquinol.
4175 endopeptidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain.
4176 ATP-dependent peptidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to drive the hydrolysis of peptide bonds.
4177 aminopeptidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of N-terminal amino acid residues from in a polypeptide chain.
4180 carboxypeptidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the terminal or penultimate peptide bond at the C-terminal end of a peptide or polypeptide.
4181 metallocarboxypeptidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of C-terminal amino acid residues from a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions.
4185 serine-type carboxypeptidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond not more than three residues from the C-terminus of a polypeptide chain by a catalytic mechanism that involves a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile that is activated by a proton relay involving an acidic residue (e.g. aspartate or glutamate) and a basic residue (usually histidine).
4190 aspartic-type endopeptidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which a water molecule bound by the side chains of aspartic residues at the active center acts as a nucleophile.
4197 cysteine-type endopeptidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile.
4198 calcium-dependent cysteine-type endopeptidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of nonterminal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism using a cysteine residue at the enzyme active center, and requiring the presence of calcium.
4222 metalloendopeptidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions.
4252 serine-type endopeptidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a catalytic mechanism that involves a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile that is activated by a proton relay involving an acidic residue (e.g. aspartate or glutamate) and a basic residue (usually histidine).
4298 threonine-type endopeptidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the hydroxyl group of a threonine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile.
4300 enoyl-CoA hydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (3S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA = trans-2-enoyl-CoA + H2O.
4301 epoxide hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an epoxide + H2O = a glycol.
4303 estradiol 17-beta-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: estradiol-17-beta + NADP+ = estrone + NADPH + H+.
4304 estrone sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + estrone = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + estrone 3-sulfate.
4305 ethanolamine kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + ethanolamine = ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphoethanolamine.
4306 ethanolamine-phosphate cytidylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + ethanolamine phosphate = diphosphate + CDP-ethanolamine.
4307 ethanolaminephosphotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-ethanolamine + 1,2-diacylglycerol = CMP + a phosphatidylethanolamine.
4308 exo-alpha-sialidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-(2->3)-, alpha-(2->6)-, alpha-(2->8)-glycosidic linkages of terminal sialic residues in oligosaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, colominic acid and synthetic substrates.
4309 exopolyphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: polyphosphate(n) + H2O = polyphosphate(n-1) + phosphate.
4310 farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 farnesyl diphosphate = diphosphate + presqualene diphosphate.
4311 farnesyltranstransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate.
4312 fatty acid synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + n malonyl-CoA + 2n NADPH + 2n H+ = long-chain fatty acid + n+1 CoA + n CO2 + 2n NADP+.
4313 [acyl-carrier-protein] S-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + [acyl-carrier protein] = CoA + acetyl-[acyl-carrier protein].
4314 [acyl-carrier-protein] S-malonyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: malonyl-CoA + [acyl-carrier protein] = CoA + malonyl-[acyl-carrier protein].
4315 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + malonyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + CO2 + [acyl-carrier protein].
4316 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADPH) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADP+ = 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADPH + H+.
4317 3-hydroxypalmitoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxypalmitoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = 2-hexadecenoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + H2O.
4318 enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NAD+ = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADH + H+.
4319 enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADPH, B-specific) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADP+ = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADPH + H+.
4320 oleoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: oleoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + H2O = [acyl-carrier protein] + oleate.
4321 fatty-acyl-CoA synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + n malonyl-CoA + 2n NADH + 2n NADPH + 4n H+ = a long-chain acyl-CoA + n CoA + n CO2 + 2n NAD+ + 2n NADP+.
4322 ferroxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4 Fe2+ + 4 H+ + O2 = 4 Fe3+ + 2 H2O.
4324 ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: reduced ferredoxin + NADP+ = oxidized ferredoxin + NADPH + H+.
4325 ferrochelatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: protoheme = Fe(2+) + protoporphyrin IX.
4326 tetrahydrofolylpolyglutamate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + tetrahydrofolyl-(Glu)(n) + L-glutamate = ADP + phosphate + tetrahydrofolyl-(Glu)(n+1).
4328 formamidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: formamide + H(2)O = formate + NH(4)(+).
4329 formate-tetrahydrofolate ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + formate + tetrahydrofolate = ADP + phosphate + 10-formyltetrahydrofolate.
4331 fructose-2,6-bisphosphate 2-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose 2,6-bisphosphate + H2O = D-fructose-6-phosphate + phosphate.
4332 fructose-bisphosphate aldolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate = glycerone phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.
4333 fumarate hydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-malate = fumarate + H(2)O.
4334 fumarylacetoacetase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-fumarylacetoacetate + H(2)O = acetoacetate + fumarate + H(+).
4335 galactokinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactose + ATP = alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).
4336 galactosylceramidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactosyl-N-acylsphingosine + H2O = D-galactose + N-acylsphingosine.
4337 geranyltranstransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate + diphosphate.
4338 glucan exo-1,3-beta-glucosidase activity F Catalysis of the successive hydrolysis of beta-D-glucose units from the non-reducing ends of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, releasing alpha-glucose.
4339 glucan 1,4-alpha-glucosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal (1->4)-linked alpha-D-glucose residues successively from non-reducing ends of the chains with release of beta-D-glucose.
4340 glucokinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-glucose = ADP + D-glucose-6-phosphate.
4341 gluconolactonase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H2O = D-gluconate.
4342 glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H(2)O = beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate + NH(4)(+).
4343 glucosamine 6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + CoA + H(+).
4344 glucose dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose + acceptor = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + reduced acceptor.
4345 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose 6-phosphate + NADP+ = D-glucono-1,5-lactone 6-phosphate + NADPH + H+.
4346 glucose-6-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucopyranose 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucose + phosphate. D-glucopyranose is also known as D-glucose 6-phosphate.
4347 glucose-6-phosphate isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose 6-phosphate = D-fructose 6-phosphate.
4348 glucosylceramidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine + H2O = D-glucose + N-acylsphingosine.
4349 glutamate 5-kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + ATP = L-glutamyl 5-phosphate + ADP + H(+).
4350 glutamate-5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + NADP(+) + phosphate = L-glutamyl 5-phosphate + H(+) + NADPH.
4351 glutamate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate = 4-aminobutanoate + CO2.
4352 glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + H2O + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + NH3 + NADH + H+.
4353 glutamate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + H2O + NAD(P)+ = 2-oxoglutarate + NH3 + NAD(P)H + H+.
4354 glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + H2O + NADP+ = 2-oxoglutarate + NH3 + NADPH + H+.
4355 glutamate synthase (NADPH) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-glutamate + NADP(+) = 2-oxoglutarate + L-glutamine + H(+) + NADPH. This is a two-step reaction: (a) L-glutamate + NH3 = L-glutamine + H2O, (b) L-glutamate + NADP+ + H2O = NH3 + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH + H+.
4356 glutamate-ammonia ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + ATP + NH(4)(+) = L-glutamine + ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphate.
4357 glutamate-cysteine ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + L-glutamate + ATP = L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine + ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphate.
4358 glutamate N-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine + L-glutamate = N-acetyl-L-glutamate + L-ornithine.
4359 glutaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamine + H2O = L-glutamate + NH3.
4360 glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase (isomerizing) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate + L-glutamine = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + L-glutamate.
4361 glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glutaryl-CoA + acceptor = crotonoyl-CoA + CO2 + reduced acceptor.
4362 glutathione-disulfide reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 glutathione + NADP+ = glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+.
4363 glutathione synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine + ATP + glycine = ADP + glutathione + 2 H(+) + phosphate.
4364 glutathione transferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: R-X + glutathione = H-X + R-S-glutathione. R may be an aliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic group; X may be a sulfate, nitrile or halide group.
4365 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) (phosphorylating) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + phosphate + NAD+ = 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + NADH + H+.
4366 glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate.
4367 glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD+] activity F Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + NAD+ = glycerone phosphate + NADH + H+.
4368 glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + a quinone = glycerone phosphate + a quinol.
4369 glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + O(2) = glycerone phosphate + H(2)O(2).
4370 glycerol kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + glycerol = sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).
4371 glycerone kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + glycerone = ADP + glycerone phosphate + 2 H(+).
4372 glycine hydroxymethyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = tetrahydrofolate + L-serine.
4373 glycogen (starch) synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + (1,4)-alpha-D-glucosyl(n) = UDP + (1,4)-alpha-D-glucosyl(n+1).
4375 glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glycine + lipoylprotein = S-aminomethyldihydrolipoylprotein + CO2.
4376 glycolipid mannosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-D-mannosyl residue from GDP-mannose into lipid-linked oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-D-mannosyl-D-mannose linkage.
4377 GDP-Man:Man3GlcNAc2-PP-Dol alpha-1,2-mannosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + 2 GDP-alpha-D-mannose = an alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + 2 GDP + 2 H+. This reaction is the transfer of an alpha-D-mannosyl residue from GDP-mannose into lipid-linked oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->2)-D-mannosyl-D-mannose linkage.
4378 GDP-Man:Man1GlcNAc2-PP-Dol alpha-1,3-mannosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + GDP-alpha-D-mannose = alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + GDP + H+. This reaction is the transfer of an alpha-D-mannosyl residue from GDP-mannose into lipid-linked oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->3)-D-mannosyl-D-mannose linkage.
4379 glycylpeptide N-tetradecanoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: tetradecanoyl-CoA + glycyl-peptide = CoA + N-tetradecanoylglycyl-peptide.
4380 glycoprotein-fucosylgalactoside alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + glycoprotein-alpha-L-fucosyl-(1,2)-D-galactose = UDP + glycoprotein-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl-(1,3)-(alpha-L-fucosyl-(1,2))-D-galactose.
4381 fucosylgalactoside 3-alpha-galactosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + glycoprotein-alpha-L-fucosyl-(1,2)-D-galactose = UDP + glycoprotein-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1,3)-(alpha-L-fucosyl-(1,2))-D-galactose.
4382 guanosine-diphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GDP + H2O = GMP + phosphate.
4383 guanylate cyclase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GTP = 3',5'-cyclic GMP + diphosphate.
4385 guanylate kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + GMP = ADP + GDP.
4386 helicase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NTP + H2O = NDP + phosphate, to drive the unwinding of a DNA or RNA helix.
4392 heme oxygenase (decyclizing) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: heme + 3 donor-H2 + 3 O2 = biliverdin + Fe2+ + CO + 3 acceptor + 3 H2O.
4394 heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + heparan sulfate = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfate; results in 2-O-sulfation of iduronic acid residues in heparan sulfate.
4395 hexaprenyldihydroxybenzoate methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-hexaprenyl-4,5-dihydroxybenzoate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3-hexaprenyl-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoate.
4396 hexokinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-hexose = ADP + D-hexose 6-phosphate.
4397 histidine ammonia-lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-histidine = urocanate + NH3.
4398 histidine decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-histidine = histamine + CO2.
4399 histidinol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-histidinol + NAD+ = L-histidine + NADH + H+.
4400 histidinol-phosphate transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-histidinol-phosphate + 2-oxoglutarate = 3-(imidazol-4-yl)-2-oxopropyl phosphate + L-glutamate.
4401 histidinol-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-histidinol phosphate + H(2)O = L-histidinol + phosphate.
4402 histone acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone = CoA + acetyl-histone.
4407 histone deacetylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: histone N6-acetyl-L-lysine + H2O = histone L-lysine + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from a histone, a class of proteins complexed to DNA in chromatin and chromosomes.
4408 holocytochrome-c synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: holocytochrome c = apocytochrome c + heme.
4409 homoaconitate hydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-homoisocitrate = cis-homoaconitate + H(2)O.
4410 homocitrate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + acetyl-CoA + H(2)O = CoA + H(+) + homocitrate.
4411 homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: homogentisate + O(2) = 4-maleylacetoacetate + H(+).
4412 homoserine dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-homoserine + NADP+ = L-aspartate-4-semialdehyde + NADPH + H+.
4413 homoserine kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-homoserine + ATP = O-phospho-L-homoserine + ADP + 2 H(+).
4414 homoserine O-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-homoserine + acetyl-CoA = O-acetyl-L-homoserine + CoA.
4415 hyalurononglucosaminidase activity F Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->4) linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate.
4416 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-(2-hydroxyacyl)glutathione + H2O = glutathione + a 2-hydroxy carboxylate.
4417 hydroxyethylthiazole kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole + ATP = 4-methyl-5-(2-phosphoethyl)-thiazole + ADP + 2 H(+).
4418 hydroxymethylbilane synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + 4 porphobilinogen = hydroxymethylbilane + 4 NH(4)(+).
4419 hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA = acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA.
4420 hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP(+) = (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 H(+) + 2 NADPH.
4421 hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetoacetyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA + H(2)O = (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + CoA + H(+).
4422 hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: IMP + diphosphate = hypoxanthine + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.
4423 iduronate-2-sulfatase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 2-sulfate groups of the L-iduronate 2-sulfate units of dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate and heparin.
4424 imidazoleglycerol-phosphate dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-erythro-1-(imidazol-4-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate = 3-(imidazol-4-yl)-2-oxopropyl phosphate + H(2)O.
4425 indole-3-glycerol-phosphate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(2-carboxyphenylamino)-1-deoxy-D-ribulose 5-phosphate = 1-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate + CO2 + H2O.
4427 inorganic diphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: diphosphate + H(2)O = H(+) + 2 phosphate.
4430 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + ATP = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).
4435 phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + H(2)O = 1,2-diacylglycerol + 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + H(+).
4436 phosphatidylinositol diacylglycerol-lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol = D-myo-inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate + diacylglycerol.
4438 phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate + H2O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + phosphate.
4439 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + H(2)O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate + phosphate.
4441 inositol-1,4-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate + phosphate.
4445 inositol-polyphosphate 5-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reactions: D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate + phosphate, and 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate + phosphate.
4446 inositol-hexakisphosphate phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol hexakisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol pentakisphosphate (mixed isomers) + phosphate.
4447 iodide peroxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: iodide + hydrogen peroxide = iodine + 2 H2O.
4448 isocitrate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: isocitrate + acceptor = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + reduced acceptor.
4449 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: isocitrate + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADH + H+.
4450 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: isocitrate + NADP+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADPH + H+.
4451 isocitrate lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: isocitrate = glyoxylate + succinate.
4452 isopentenyl-diphosphate delta-isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: isopentenyl diphosphate = dimethylallyl diphosphate.
4453 juvenile-hormone esterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: methyl (2E,6E)-(10R,11S)-10,11-epoxy-3,7,11-trimethyltrideca-2,6-dienoate + H2O = (2E,6E)-(10R,11S)-10,11-epoxy-3,7,11-trimethyltrideca-2,6-dienoate + methanol. A carboxylesterase that hydrolyzes the ester linkage of juvenile hormone.
4454 ketohexokinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-fructose = ADP + D-fructose 1-phosphate.
4455 ketol-acid reductoisomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+ = (S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H+.
4456 phosphogluconate dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 6-phospho-D-gluconate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-6-phospho-D-gluconate + H(2)O.
4457 lactate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: lactate + NAD+ = H+ + NADH + pyruvate.
4458 D-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c = pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c.
4459 L-lactate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-lactate + NAD+ = pyruvate + NADH + H+.
4460 L-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c = pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c.
4461 lactose synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + D-glucose = UDP + lactose.
4462 lactoylglutathione lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-S-lactoylglutathione = glutathione + methylglyoxal.
4463 leukotriene-A4 hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + leukotriene A(4) = leukotriene B(4).
4464 leukotriene-C4 synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: leukotriene C(4) = glutathione + leukotriene A(4).
4465 lipoprotein lipase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: triacylglycerol + H2O = diacylglycerol + a carboxylate, where the triacylglycerol is part of a lipoprotein.
4466 long-chain-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + ETF = 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + reduced ETF.
4467 long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a long-chain fatty acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA; a long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.
4468 lysine N-acetyltransferase activity, acting on acetyl phosphate as donor F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl phosphate + L-lysine = phosphate + N6-acetyl-L-lysine.
4470 malic enzyme activity F Catalysis of the oxidative decarboxylation of malate with the concomitant production of pyruvate.
4471 malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NAD+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-malate + NAD+ = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH + H+.
4473 malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-malate + NADP+ = pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+.
4474 malate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H(2)O = (S)-malate + CoA + H(+).
4475 mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate + GTP = diphosphate + GDP-alpha-D-mannose.
4476 mannose-6-phosphate isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannose 6-phosphate = D-fructose 6-phosphate.
4477 methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + H2O = 10-formyltetrahydrofolate.
4478 methionine adenosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-methionine + H2O = phosphate + diphosphate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine.
4479 methionyl-tRNA formyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate + L-methionyl-tRNA + H2O = tetrahydrofolate + N-formylmethionyl-tRNA.
4481 methylene-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phospholipid olefinic fatty acid = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + phospholipid methylene fatty acid.
4482 mRNA (guanine-N7-)-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + G(5')pppR-RNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + m7G(5')pppR-RNA. m7G(5')pppR-RNA is mRNA containing an N7-methylguanine cap; R may be guanosine or adenosine.
4483 mRNA (nucleoside-2'-O-)-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + m7G(5')pppR-RNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + m7G(5')pppRm-RNA. R may be guanosine or adenosine.
4484 mRNA guanylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + (5')pp-Pur-mRNA = diphosphate + G(5')ppp-Pur-mRNA; G(5')ppp-Pur-mRNA is mRNA containing a guanosine residue linked 5' through three phosphates to the 5' position of the terminal residue.
4485 methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA + ATP + bicarbonate = trans-3-methylglutaconyl-CoA + ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphate.
4486 methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NAD(P)+ = 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + NAD(P)H + H+.
4487 methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NAD(+) = 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + NADH.
4488 methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NADP(+) = 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + NADPH.
4489 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methyltetrahydrofolate + NAD(P)+ = 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NAD(P)H + H+.
4490 methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA = trans-3-methylglutaconyl-CoA + H(2)O.
4491 methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (acylating) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + CoA + NAD+ = propanoyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH + H+.
4492 methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-methyl-3-oxopropanoyl-CoA = propanoyl-CoA + CO2.
4493 methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-methylmalonyl-CoA = (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA.
4494 methylmalonyl-CoA mutase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-methylmalonyl-CoA = succinyl-CoA.
4495 mevaldate reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-mevalonate + acceptor = mevaldate + reduced acceptor.
4496 mevalonate kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-mevalonate + ATP = (R)-5-phosphomevalonate + ADP + 2 H(+).
4497 monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the incorporation of one atom from molecular oxygen into a compound and the reduction of the other atom of oxygen to water.
4498 calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: calcidiol + H(+) + NADPH + O(2) = calcitriol + H(2)O + NADP(+).
4499 N,N-dimethylaniline monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N,N-dimethylaniline + NADPH + H+ + O2 = N,N-dimethylaniline N-oxide + NADP+ + H2O.
4500 dopamine beta-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-ascorbate + dopamine + O(2) = (R)-noradrenaline + dehydroascorbate + H(2)O.
4501 ecdysone 20-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + Ecdysone + O(2) = 20-hydroxyecdysone + A + H(2)O.
4502 kynurenine 3-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-kynurenine + H(+) + NADPH + O(2) = 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H(2)O + NADP(+).
4503 monophenol monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine + L-DOPA + O2 = L-DOPA + DOPAquinone + H2O.
4504 peptidylglycine monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl-glycine + ascorbate + O2 = peptidyl(2-hydroxyglycine) + dehydroascorbate + H2O.
4505 phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 = L-tyrosine + 4-alpha-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin.
4506 squalene monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(+) + NADPH + O(2) + squalene = (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene + H(2)O + NADP(+).
4507 steroid 11-beta-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a steroid + reduced adrenal ferredoxin + O2 = an 11-beta-hydroxysteroid + oxidized adrenal ferredoxin + H2O.
4508 steroid 17-alpha-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a steroid + AH2 + O2 = a 17a-hydroxysteroid + A + H2O.
4509 steroid 21-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a steroid + donor-H2 + O2 = a 21-hydroxysteroid + acceptor + H2O.
4510 tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + 4-alpha-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O.
4511 tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4-alpha-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O.
4512 inositol-3-phosphate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose 6-phosphate = 1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate. This reaction requires NAD, which dehydrogenates the CHOH group to CO at C-5 of the glucose 6-phosphate, making C-6 into an active methylene, able to condense with the aldehyde at C-1. Finally, the enzyme-bound NADH reconverts C-5 into the CHOH form.
4513 neolactotetraosylceramide alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide = CMP + alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-2,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-D-glucosylceramide.
4514 nicotinate-nucleotide diphosphorylase (carboxylating) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: CO(2) + diphosphate + nicotinate D-ribonucleotide = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + 2 H(+) + quinolinate.
4515 nicotinate-nucleotide adenylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + nicotinate ribonucleotide = diphosphate + deamido-NAD+.
4516 nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: diphosphate + nicotinate D-ribonucleotide = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + H(+) + nicotinate.
4517 nitric-oxide synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine + n NADPH + n H+ + m O2 = citrulline + nitric oxide + n NADP+.
4518 nuclease activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids.
4519 endonuclease activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by creating internal breaks.
4520 endodeoxyribonuclease activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks.
4521 endoribonuclease activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within ribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks.
4522 ribonuclease A activity F Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA to 3'-phosphomononucleotides and 3'-phosphooligonucleotides ending in C-P or U-P with 2',3'-cyclic phosphate intermediates.
4523 RNA-DNA hybrid ribonuclease activity F Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA in RNA-DNA hybrids to 5'-phosphomonoesters.
4525 ribonuclease III activity F Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA with 5'-phosphomonoesters and 3'-OH termini; makes two staggered cuts in both strands of dsRNA, leaving a 3' overhang of 2 nt.
4526 ribonuclease P activity F Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA, removing 5' extra nucleotides from tRNA precursor.
4527 exonuclease activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' or 5' end.
4528 phosphodiesterase I activity F Catalysis of the sequential hydrolytic removal of 5'-nucleotides from the 3'-hydroxy termini of 3'-hydroxy-terminated oligonucleotides.
4529 exodeoxyribonuclease activity F Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 5' or 3' terminus of a DNA molecule.
4530 deoxyribonuclease I activity F Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA to 5'-phosphodinucleotide and 5'-phosphooligonucleotide end products.
4531 deoxyribonuclease II activity F Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA to 3'-phosphodinucleotide and 3'-phosphooligonucleotide end products.
4532 exoribonuclease activity F Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 5' or 3' terminus of an RNA molecule.
4533 exoribonuclease H activity F Catalysis of the exonucleolytic cleavage of RNA to 5'-phosphomonoester oligonucleotides in both 5' to 3' and 3' to 5' directions.
4534 5'-3' exoribonuclease activity F Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 5' terminus of an RNA molecule.
4535 poly(A)-specific ribonuclease activity F Catalysis of the exonucleolytic cleavage of poly(A) to 5'-AMP.
4536 deoxyribonuclease activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid.
4540 ribonuclease activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds in chains of RNA.
4549 tRNA-specific ribonuclease activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds in tRNA molecules.
4550 nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + nucleoside diphosphate = ADP + nucleoside triphosphate.
4551 nucleotide diphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a dinucleotide + H2O = 2 mononucleotides.
4552 octanol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-octanol + NAD(+) = 1-octanal + H(+) + NADH.
4553 hydrolase activity, hydrolyzing O-glycosyl compounds F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any O-glycosyl bond.
4555 alpha,alpha-trehalase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alpha,alpha-trehalose + H2O = 2 D-glucose.
4556 alpha-amylase activity F Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in polysaccharides containing three or more alpha-(1->4)-linked D-glucose units.
4557 alpha-galactosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-D-galactose residues in alpha-D-galactosides, including galactose oligosaccharides, galactomannans and galactohydrolase.
4558 alpha-1,4-glucosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-(1->4)-linked alpha-D-glucose residues with release of alpha-D-glucose.
4559 alpha-mannosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-D-mannose residues in alpha-D-mannosides.
4560 alpha-L-fucosidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an alpha-L-fucoside + H2O = an alcohol + L-fucose.
4561 alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminides.
4563 beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing N-acetyl-D-hexosamine residues in N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminides.
4564 beta-fructofuranosidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a fructofuranosylated fructofuranosyl acceptor + H2O = a non fructofuranosylated fructofuranosyl acceptor + a beta-D-fructofuranoside.
4565 beta-galactosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-galactose residues in beta-D-galactosides.
4566 beta-glucuronidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a beta-D-glucuronoside + H2O = an alcohol + D-glucuronate.
4567 beta-mannosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-mannose residues in beta-D-mannosides.
4568 chitinase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta linkages of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) polymers of chitin and chitodextrins.
4569 glycoprotein endo-alpha-1,2-mannosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the terminal alpha-glucosyl-(1,3)-mannosyl unit from Glc-Man(9)-(GlcNAc)(2) oligosaccharide component of the glycoprotein produced in the Golgi membrane.
4571 mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the terminal (1->2)-linked alpha-D-mannose residues in an oligo-mannose oligosaccharide.
4572 mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,3-1,6-alpha-mannosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the terminal (1->3)- and (1->6)-linked alpha-D-mannose residues in the mannosyl-oligosaccharide Man(5)(GlcNAc)(3).
4573 mannosyl-oligosaccharide glucosidase activity F Catalysis of the exohydrolysis of the non-reducing terminal glucose residue in the mannosyl-oligosaccharide Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2).
4574 oligo-1,6-glucosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in some oligosaccharides produced from starch and glycogen by alpha-amylase, and in isomaltose. Releases a free alpha-D-glucose.
4575 sucrose alpha-glucosidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose + H2O = alpha-D-glucose + beta-D-fructose.
4576 oligosaccharyl transferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a oligosaccharyl group to an acceptor molecule, typically another carbohydrate or a lipid.
4577 N-acetylglucosaminyldiphosphodolichol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-diphosphodolichol = UDP + N,N''-diacetylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol.
4578 chitobiosyldiphosphodolichol beta-mannosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-mannose + chitobiosyldiphosphodolichol = GDP + beta-D-mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol.
4579 dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide-protein glycotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dolichyl diphosphooligosaccharide + protein L-asparagine = dolichyl diphosphate + a glycoprotein with the oligosaccharide chain attached by glycosylamine linkage to protein L-asparagine.
4581 dolichyl-phosphate beta-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + dolichyl phosphate = UDP + dolichyl beta-D-glucosyl phosphate.
4582 dolichyl-phosphate beta-D-mannosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-mannose + dolichyl phosphate = GDP + dolichyl D-mannosyl phosphate.
4583 dolichyl-phosphate-glucose-glycolipid alpha-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-D-glucosyl residue from dolichyl-phosphate D-glucose into a membrane lipid-linked oligosaccharide.
4584 dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-glycolipid alpha-mannosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-D-mannosyl residue from dolichyl-phosphate D-mannose into membrane lipid-linked oligosaccharide.
4585 ornithine carbamoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: carbamoyl phosphate + L-ornithine = phosphate + L-citrulline.
4586 ornithine decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-ornithine + H(+) = CO(2) + putrescine.
4587 ornithine-oxo-acid transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-ornithine + a 2-oxo acid = L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + an L-amino acid.
4588 orotate phosphoribosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: orotidine 5'-phosphate + diphosphate = orotate + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.
4589 orotate reductase (NADH) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-dihydroorotate + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + orotate.
4590 orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(+) + orotidine 5'-phosphate = CO(2) + UMP.
4591 oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (succinyl-transferring) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + lipoamide = S-succinyldihydrolipoamide + CO2.
4592 pantoate-beta-alanine ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + (R)-pantoate + beta-alanine = AMP + diphosphate + (R)-pantothenate.
4593 pantothenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-pantothenate + H(2)O = (R)-pantoate + beta-alanine.
4594 pantothenate kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + pantothenate = ADP + D-4'-phosphopantothenate.
4595 pantetheine-phosphate adenylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + pantetheine 4'-phosphate = 3'-dephospho-CoA + diphosphate.
4596 peptide alpha-N-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + peptide = CoA + N-alpha-acetylpeptide. This reaction is the acetylation of the N-terminal amino acid residue of a peptide or protein.
4597 peptide-aspartate beta-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: peptide L-aspartate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = peptide 3-hydroxy-L-aspartate + succinate + CO2.
4598 peptidylamidoglycolate lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: peptidylamidoglycolate = peptidyl amide + glyoxylate.
4601 peroxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: donor + hydrogen peroxide = oxidized donor + 2 H2O.
4602 glutathione peroxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 glutathione + hydrogen peroxide = oxidized glutathione + 2 H2O.
4603 phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phenylethanolamine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-methylphenylethanolamine.
4604 phosphoadenylyl-sulfate reductase (thioredoxin) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H(+) + sulfite + thioredoxin disulfide = 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + thioredoxin. Thioredoxin disulfide is the oxidized form of thioredoxin; 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate is also known as PAPS.
4605 phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + phosphatidate = diphosphate + CDP-diacylglycerol.
4607 phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylcholine + a sterol = a sterol ester + 1-acylglycerophosphocholine.
4608 phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phosphatidylethanolamine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+) + phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine.
4609 phosphatidylserine decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(+) + phosphatidyl-L-serine = CO(2) + phosphatidylethanolamine.
4610 phosphoacetylglucosamine mutase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate.
4611 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: source of phosphate + oxaloacetate = phosphoenolpyruvate + CO2 + other reaction products.
4612 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (ATP) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + oxaloacetate = ADP + CO(2) + H(+) + phosphoenolpyruvate.
4613 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + oxaloacetate = GDP + phosphoenolpyruvate + CO2.
4614 phosphoglucomutase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate = alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate.
4615 phosphomannomutase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate = D-mannose 6-phosphate.
4616 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 6-phospho-D-gluconate + NADP+ = D-ribulose 5-phosphate + CO2 + NADPH + H+.
4617 phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phosphoglycerate + NAD+ = 3-phosphohydroxypyruvate + NADH + H+.
4618 phosphoglycerate kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phospho-D-glycerate + ATP = 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + ADP + H(+).
4619 phosphoglycerate mutase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phospho-D-glycerate = 3-phospho-D-glycerate.
4620 phospholipase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a glycerophospholipid.
4621 glycosylphosphatidylinositol phospholipase D activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glycoprotein phosphatidylinositol + H2O = phosphatidate + glycoprotein inositol.
4622 lysophospholipase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-lysophosphatidylcholine + H2O = glycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate.
4623 phospholipase A2 activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylcholine + H2O = 1-acylglycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate.
4629 phospholipase C activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a phospholipid + H2O = 1,2-diacylglycerol + a phosphatidate.
4630 phospholipase D activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphatidylcholine + H2O = choline + a phosphatidate.
4631 phosphomevalonate kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-5-phosphomevalonate + ATP = (R)-5-diphosphomevalonate + ADP + H(+).
4632 phosphopantothenate--cysteine ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + (R)-4'-phosphopantothenate + L-cysteine = CMP + diphosphate + (R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl-L-cysteine. Cysteine can be replaced by some of its derivatives.
4633 phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-[(R)-4-phosphonatopantothenoyl]-L-cysteinate + H(+) = CO(2) + pantetheine 4'-phosphate.
4634 phosphopyruvate hydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phospho-D-glycerate = phosphoenolpyruvate + H2O.
4635 phosphoribosyl-AMP cyclohydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(5-phosphonatoribosyl)-5'-AMP + H(2)O = 1-(5-phosphoribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide.
4636 phosphoribosyl-ATP diphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-ATP + H(2)O = 1-(5-phosphonatoribosyl)-5'-AMP + diphosphate + H(+).
4637 phosphoribosylamine-glycine ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-phospho-D-ribosylamine + ATP + glycine = N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphate.
4638 phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate + 2 H(+) = 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole + CO(2).
4639 phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate + L-aspartate + ATP = (2S)-2-[5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido]succinate + ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphate.
4640 phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)anthranilate = 1-(2-carboxyphenylamino)-1-deoxy-D-ribulose 5-phosphate.
4641 phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine cyclo-ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(formamido)-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)acetamidine + ATP = 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole + ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphate.
4642 phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + L-glutamine + ATP + H(2)O = 2-(formamido)-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)acetamidine + L-glutamate + ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphate.
4643 phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate + 5'-phosphoribosyl-5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide = tetrahydrofolate + 5'-phosphoribosyl-5-formamido-4-imidazolecarboxamide.
4644 phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate + N1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide = tetrahydrofolate + N2-formyl-N1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide.
4645 phosphorylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl(n) + phosphate = 1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl(n-1) + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate. The name should be qualified in each instance by adding the name of the natural substrate, e.g. maltodextrin phosphorylase, starch phosphorylase, glycogen phosphorylase.
4647 phosphoserine phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L(or D)-O-phosphoserine + H2O = L(or D)-serine + phosphate.
4648 O-phospho-L-serine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: O-phospho-L-serine + 2-oxoglutarate = 3-phosphonooxypyruvate + L-glutamate.
4649 poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of poly(ADP-ribose) at glycosidic (1''-2') linkage of ribose-ribose bond to produce free ADP-ribose.
4650 polygalacturonase activity F Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-galactosiduronic linkages in pectate and other galacturonans.
4651 polynucleotide 5'-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5'-phosphopolynucleotide + H2O = polynucleotide + phosphate.
4652 polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the template-independent extension of the 3'- end of an RNA or DNA strand by addition of one adenosine molecule at a time. Cannot initiate a chain 'de novo'. The primer, depending on the source of the enzyme, may be an RNA or DNA fragment, or oligo(A) bearing a 3'-OH terminal group.
4653 polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + polypeptide = UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-polypeptide. This reaction is the modification of serine or threonine residues in polypeptide chains by the transfer of a N-acetylgalactose from UDP-N-acetylgalactose to the hydroxyl group of the amino acid; it is the first step in O-glycan biosynthesis.
4654 polyribonucleotide nucleotidyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: RNA(n+1) + phosphate <=> RNA(n) + a nucleoside diphosphate.
4655 porphobilinogen synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 5-aminolevulinate = 2 H(2)O + H(+) + porphobilinogen.
4656 procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: procollagen L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = procollagen trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2.
4657 proline dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-proline + acceptor = (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + reduced acceptor.
4658 propionyl-CoA carboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + propanoyl-CoA + HCO3- = ADP + phosphate + (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA.
4659 prenyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a prenyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
4660 protein farnesyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: farnesyl diphosphate + protein-cysteine = S-farnesyl protein + diphosphate.
4661 protein geranylgeranyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the covalent addition of a geranylgeranyl (20-carbon isoprenoid) group via thioether linkages to a cysteine residue at or near the C terminus of a protein.
4662 CAAX-protein geranylgeranyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeranyl diphosphate + protein-cysteine = S-geranylgeranyl-protein + diphosphate. This reaction is the formation of a thioether linkage between the C-1 atom of the geranylgeranyl group and a cysteine residue fourth from the C-terminus of the protein. The protein substrates have the C-terminal sequence CA1A2X, where the terminal residue, X, is preferably leucine and A2 should not be aromatic. Known substrates include most g-subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins and Ras-related GTPases such as members of the Ras and Rac/Rho families.
4663 Rab geranylgeranyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 geranylgeranyl diphosphate + protein-cysteine = 2 S-geranylgeranyl-protein + 2 diphosphate. This reaction is the formation of two thioether linkages between the C-1 atom of the geranylgeranyl groups and two cysteine residues within the terminal sequence motifs XXCC, XCXC or CCXX. Known substrates include Ras-related GTPases of a single family and the Rab family.
4664 prephenate dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: prephenate = phenylpyruvate + H2O + CO2.
4665 prephenate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NADP(+) + prephenate = (4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + CO(2) + NADPH.
4666 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + donor-H2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + acceptor + H2O.
4667 prostaglandin-D synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: prostaglandin H(2) = prostaglandin D(2).
4668 protein-arginine deiminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: protein L-arginine + H2O = protein L-citrulline + NH3.
4671 protein C-terminal S-isoprenylcysteine carboxyl O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + protein C-terminal S-farnesyl-L-cysteine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + protein C-terminal S-farnesyl-L-cysteine methyl ester.
4672 protein kinase activity F Catalysis of the phosphorylation of an amino acid residue in a protein, usually according to the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP.
4673 protein histidine kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + protein L-histidine = ADP + protein phospho-L-histidine.
4674 protein serine/threonine kinase activity F Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.
4675 transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase activity F Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.
4676 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. This reaction requires the presence of a phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate.
4677 DNA-dependent protein kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. This reaction requires the presence of DNA.
4679 AMP-activated protein kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. This reaction requires the presence of AMP.
4683 calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity F Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + a protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate; and ATP + a protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate. These reactions require the presence of calcium-bound calmodulin.
4686 elongation factor-2 kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [elongation factor 2] = ADP + [elongation factor 2] phosphate.
4687 myosin light chain kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + myosin-light-chain = ADP + myosin-light-chain phosphate.
4689 phosphorylase kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4 ATP + 2 phosphorylase b = 4 ADP + phosphorylase a.
4690 cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. This reaction requires the presence of a cyclic nucleotide.
4691 cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. This reaction requires the presence of cAMP.
4692 cGMP-dependent protein kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. This reaction requires the presence of cGMP.
4693 cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity F Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate. This reaction requires the binding of a regulatory cyclin subunit and full activity requires stimulatory phosphorylation by a CDK-activating kinase (CAK).
4694 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha subunit] = ADP + [eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha subunit] phosphate.
4697 protein kinase C activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. This reaction requires diacylglycerol.
4698 calcium-dependent protein kinase C activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. This reaction requires diacylglycerol and calcium.
4699 calcium-independent protein kinase C activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. This reaction requires diacylglycerol but not calcium.
4702 signal transducer, downstream of receptor, with serine/threonine kinase activity F Conveys a signal from an upstream receptor or intracellular signal transducer by catalysis of the reaction: ATP protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.
4703 G-protein coupled receptor kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + G-protein coupled receptor = ADP + G-protein coupled receptor phosphate.
4704 NF-kappaB-inducing kinase activity F Catalysis of the phosphorylation of the alpha or beta subunit of the inhibitor of kappaB kinase complex (IKK).
4705 JUN kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: JUN + ATP = JUN phosphate + ADP. This reaction is the phosphorylation and activation of members of the JUN family, a gene family that encodes nuclear transcription factors.
4706 JUN kinase kinase kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: JNKK + ATP = JNKK phosphate + ADP. This reaction is the phosphorylation and activation of JUN kinase kinases (JNKKs).
4707 MAP kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: protein + ATP = protein phosphate + ADP. This reaction is the phosphorylation of proteins. Mitogen-activated protein kinase; a family of protein kinases that perform a crucial step in relaying signals from the plasma membrane to the nucleus. They are activated by a wide range of proliferation- or differentiation-inducing signals; activation is strong with agonists such as polypeptide growth factors and tumor-promoting phorbol esters, but weak (in most cell backgrounds) by stress stimuli.
4708 MAP kinase kinase activity F Catalysis of the concomitant phosphorylation of threonine (T) and tyrosine (Y) residues in a Thr-Glu-Tyr (TEY) thiolester sequence in a MAP kinase (MAPK) substrate.
4709 MAP kinase kinase kinase activity F Catalysis of the phosphorylation and activation of a MAP kinase kinase; each MAP kinase kinase can be phosphorylated by any of several MAP kinase kinase kinases.
4711 ribosomal protein S6 kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ribosomal protein S6 + ATP = ribosomal protein S6 phosphate + ATP.
4712 protein serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase activity F Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + a protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate; ATP + a protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate; and ATP + a protein tyrosine = ADP + protein tyrosine phosphate.
4713 protein tyrosine kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein tyrosine = ADP + protein tyrosine phosphate.
4714 transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity F Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-tyrosine = ADP + a protein-L-tyrosine phosphate.
4715 non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + protein L-tyrosine = ADP + protein L-tyrosine phosphate by a non-membrane spanning protein.
4716 signal transducer, downstream of receptor, with protein tyrosine kinase activity F Conveys a signal from an upstream receptor or intracellular signal transducer by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-tyrosine = ADP + a protein-L-tyrosine phosphate.
4719 protein-L-isoaspartate (D-aspartate) O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + protein L-beta-aspartate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + protein L-beta-aspartate methyl ester.
4720 protein-lysine 6-oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl-L-lysyl-peptide + H2O + O2 = peptidyl-allysyl-peptide + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide.
4721 phosphoprotein phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphoprotein + H2O = a protein + phosphate. Together with protein kinases, these enzymes control the state of phosphorylation of cell proteins and thereby provide an important mechanism for regulating cellular activity.
4722 protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: protein serine phosphate + H2O = protein serine + phosphate, and protein threonine phosphate + H2O = protein threonine + phosphate.
4723 calcium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reactions: protein serine phosphate + H2O = protein serine + phosphate; and protein threonine phosphate + H2O = protein threonine + phosphate. These reactions require the presence of calcium ions.
4724 magnesium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reactions: protein serine phosphate + H2O = protein serine + phosphate; and protein threonine phosphate + H2O = protein threonine + phosphate. These reactions require the presence of magnesium.
4725 protein tyrosine phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = protein tyrosine + phosphate.
4726 non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine + phosphate.
4727 prenylated protein tyrosine phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: prenylated-protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = prenylated-protein tyrosine + phosphate.
4728 signal transducer, downstream of receptor, with protein tyrosine phosphatase activity F Conveys a signal from an upstream receptor or intracellular signal transducer by catalysis of the reaction: protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = protein tyrosine + phosphate.
4729 oxygen-dependent protoporphyrinogen oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3 O(2) + protoporphyrinogen IX = 3 H(2)O(2) + protoporphyrin IX.
4730 pseudouridylate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 5-phosphate + uracil = H(2)O + pseudouridine 5'-phosphate.
4731 purine-nucleoside phosphorylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: purine nucleoside + phosphate = purine + alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate.
4732 pyridoxal oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: pyridoxal + H2O + O2 = 4-pyridoxate + hydrogen peroxide.
4733 pyridoxamine-phosphate oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate + H2O + O2 = pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide.
4734 pyrimidodiazepine synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a pyrimidodiazepine + oxidized glutathione = 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin + 2 glutathione.
4735 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-proline + NADP+ = 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NADPH + H+.
4736 pyruvate carboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + bicarbonate + pyruvate = ADP + 2 H(+) + oxaloacetate + phosphate.
4737 pyruvate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a 2-oxo acid = an aldehyde + CO2.
4738 pyruvate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate.
4739 pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + lipoamide = S-acetyldihydrolipoamide + CO2.
4740 pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) = ADP + pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) phosphate.
4741 [pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)] phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: [pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)] phosphate + H2O = [pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)] + phosphate.
4742 dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + dihydrolipoamide = CoA + S-acetyldihydrolipoamide.
4743 pyruvate kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + pyruvate = ADP + phosphoenolpyruvate.
4744 retinal isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-retinal = 11-cis-retinal.
4745 retinol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: retinol + NAD+ = retinal + NADH + H+.
4746 riboflavin synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine + H(+) = 5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil + riboflavin.
4747 ribokinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-ribose = ADP + D-ribose 5-phosphate.
4748 ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity, thioredoxin disulfide as acceptor F Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = ribonucleoside diphosphate + thioredoxin. Thioredoxin disulfide is the oxidized form of thioredoxin.
4749 ribose phosphate diphosphokinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 5-phosphate + ATP = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + AMP + 2 H(+).
4750 ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribulose 5-phosphate = D-xylulose 5-phosphate.
4751 ribose-5-phosphate isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 5-phosphate = D-ribulose 5-phosphate.
4753 saccharopine dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the cleavage of N6-(L-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-lysine to release an amino acid (lysine or glutamate), with the concomitant reduction of an electron acceptor.
4754 saccharopine dehydrogenase (NAD+, L-lysine-forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-saccharopine + H(2)O + NAD(+) = 2-oxoglutarate + L-lysine + H(+) + NADH.
4755 saccharopine dehydrogenase (NADP+, L-glutamate-forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-saccharopine + H(2)O + NADP(+) = L-allysine + L-glutamate + H(+) + NADPH.
4756 selenide, water dikinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H(2)O + hydrogen selenide = AMP + 3 H(+) + phosphate + selenophosphorate.
4757 sepiapterin reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydrobiopterin + NADP+ = sepiapterin + NADPH + H+.
4758 serine C-palmitoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + H(+) + palmitoyl-CoA = 3-dehydrosphinganine + CO(2) + CoA.
4760 serine-pyruvate transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + pyruvate = 3-hydroxypyruvate + L-alanine.
4764 shikimate 3-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: shikimate + NADP+ = 3-dehydroshikimate + NADPH + H+.
4765 shikimate kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + shikimate = 3-phosphoshikimate + ADP + 2 H(+).
4766 spermidine synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosylmethioninamine + putrescine = 5'-methylthioadenosine + spermidine.
4767 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + sphingomyelin = ceramide + choline phosphate + H(+).
4768 stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: stearoyl-CoA + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+ = oleoyl-CoA + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + H2O.
4769 steroid delta-isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-oxo-delta(5)-steroid = a 3-oxo-delta(4)-steroid.
4771 sterol esterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a steryl ester + H2O = a sterol + a fatty acid.
4772 sterol O-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + a sterol = CoA + a sterol ester.
4773 steryl-sulfatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one 3-sulfate + H2O = 3-beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one + sulfate.
4774 succinate-CoA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: succinate + CoA + nucleotide triphosphate = nucleotide diphosphate + phosphate + succinyl-CoA.
4775 succinate-CoA ligase (ADP-forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + succinate + CoA = ADP + succinyl-CoA + phosphate.
4776 succinate-CoA ligase (GDP-forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + succinate + CoA = GDP + succinyl-CoA + phosphate.
4777 succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: succinate semialdehyde + NAD+ + H2O = succinate + NADH + H+.
4778 succinyl-CoA hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + succinyl-CoA = CoA + H(+) + succinate.
4779 sulfate adenylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of an adenylyl group from an adenosine nucleotide (ATP or ADP) to sulfate, forming adenylylsulfate.
4780 sulfate adenylyltransferase (ADP) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + H(+) + sulfate = 5'-adenylyl sulfate + phosphate.
4781 sulfate adenylyltransferase (ATP) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + sulfate = diphosphate + adenylylsulfate.
4782 sulfinoalanine decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-sulfino-L-alanine = hypotaurine + CO2.
4783 sulfite reductase (NADPH) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: hydrogen sulfide + 3 NADP+ + 3 H2O = sulfite + 3 NADPH + 3 H+.
4784 superoxide dismutase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 superoxide + 2 H+ = O2 + hydrogen peroxide.
4787 thiamine-pyrophosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: TDP + H2O = TMP + phosphate.
4788 thiamine diphosphokinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + thiamine = AMP + thiamine diphosphate.
4789 thiamine-phosphate diphosphorylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-amino-2-methyl-5-diphosphomethylpyrimidine + 4-methyl-5-(2-phosphoethyl)-thiazole + H(+) = diphosphate + thiamine phosphate.
4790 thioether S-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + dimethyl sulfide = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + trimethylsulfonium.
4791 thioredoxin-disulfide reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NADP(+) + thioredoxin = H(+) + NADPH + thioredoxin disulfide.
4792 thiosulfate sulfurtransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: hydrogen cyanide + thiosulfate = H(+) + sulfite + thiocyanate.
4793 threonine aldolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-threonine = glycine + acetaldehyde.
4794 L-threonine ammonia-lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH3.
4795 threonine synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: O-phospho-L-homoserine + H2O = L-threonine + phosphate.
4796 thromboxane-A synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: prostaglandin H(2) = thromboxane A(2).
4797 thymidine kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + thymidine = ADP + thymidine 5'-phosphate.
4798 thymidylate kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + thymidine 5'-phosphate = ADP + thymidine 5'-diphosphate.
4799 thymidylate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + dUMP = 7,8-dihydrofolate + thymidylate.
4800 thyroxine 5'-deiodinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3,5,3'-L-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + acceptor + H+ = L-thyroxine + donor-H2.
4801 sedoheptulose-7-phosphate:D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate glyceronetransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: sedoheptulose 7-phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate = D-erythrose 4-phosphate + D-fructose 6-phosphate.
4802 transketolase activity F Catalysis of the reversible transfer of a 2-carbon ketol group (CH2OH-CO-) from a ketose phosphate donor to an aldose phosphate acceptor.
4803 transposase activity F Catalysis of the transposition of transposable elements or transposons. Transposases are involved in recombination required for transposition and are site-specific for the transposon/transposable element.
4805 trehalose-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: trehalose 6-phosphate + H2O = trehalose + phosphate.
4806 triglyceride lipase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: triacylglycerol + H2O = diacylglycerol + a carboxylate.
4807 triose-phosphate isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate = glycerone phosphate.
4808 tRNA (5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridylate)-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA containing 5-aminomethyl-2-thiouridine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridylate.
4809 tRNA (guanine-N2-)-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA containing guanine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing N2-methylguanine.
4810 tRNA adenylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + tRNA(n) = diphosphate + tRNA(n+1).
4812 aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity F Catalysis of the formation of aminoacyl-tRNA from ATP, amino acid, and tRNA with the release of diphosphate and AMP.
4813 alanine-tRNA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-alanine + tRNA(Ala) = AMP + diphosphate + L-alanyl-tRNA(Ala).
4814 arginine-tRNA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-arginine + tRNA(Arg) = AMP + diphosphate + L-arginyl-tRNA(Arg).
4815 aspartate-tRNA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-aspartate + tRNA(Asp) = AMP + diphosphate + L-aspartyl-tRNA(Asp).
4816 asparagine-tRNA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-asparagine + ATP + tRNA(Asn) = AMP + Asn-tRNA(Asn) + diphosphate + 2 H(+).
4817 cysteine-tRNA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-cysteine + tRNA(Cys) = AMP + diphosphate + L-cysteinyl-tRNA(Cys).
4818 glutamate-tRNA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-glutamate + tRNA(Glu) = AMP + diphosphate + L-glutamyl-tRNA(Glu).
4819 glutamine-tRNA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-glutamine + tRNA(Gln) = AMP + diphosphate + L-glutaminyl-tRNA(Gln).
4820 glycine-tRNA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + glycine + tRNA(Gly) = AMP + diphosphate + glycyl-tRNA(Gly).
4821 histidine-tRNA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-histidine + tRNA(His) = AMP + diphosphate + L-histidyl-tRNA(His).
4822 isoleucine-tRNA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-isoleucine + ATP + tRNA(Ile) = L-isoleucyl-tRNA(Ile) + AMP + diphosphate + 2 H(+).
4823 leucine-tRNA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-leucine + ATP + tRNA(Leu) = AMP + diphosphate + 2 H(+) + Leu-tRNA(Leu).
4824 lysine-tRNA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-lysine + tRNA(Lys) = AMP + diphosphate + L-lysyl-tRNA(Lys).
4825 methionine-tRNA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-methionine + tRNA(Met) = AMP + diphosphate + L-methionyl-tRNA(Met).
4826 phenylalanine-tRNA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-phenylalanine + tRNA(Phe) = AMP + diphosphate + L-phenylalanyl-tRNA(Phe).
4827 proline-tRNA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-proline + tRNA(Pro) = AMP + diphosphate + L-prolyl-tRNA(Pro).
4828 serine-tRNA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-serine + tRNA(Ser) = AMP + diphosphate + L-seryl-tRNA(Ser).
4829 threonine-tRNA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-threonine + tRNA(Thr) = AMP + diphosphate + L-threonyl-tRNA(Thr).
4830 tryptophan-tRNA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-tryptophan + tRNA(Trp) = AMP + diphosphate + L-tryptophanyl-tRNA(Trp).
4831 tyrosine-tRNA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine + ATP + tRNA(Tyr) = L-tyrosyl-tRNA(Tyr) + AMP + diphosphate + 2 H(+).
4832 valine-tRNA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-valine + ATP + tRNA(Val) = L-valyl-tRNA(Val) + AMP + diphosphate + 2 H(+).
4833 tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + O2 = N-formyl-L-kynurenine.
4834 tryptophan synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + (1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate = L-tryptophan + glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H2O.
4835 tubulin-tyrosine ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + detyrosinated alpha-tubulin + L-tyrosine = alpha-tubulin + ADP + phosphate.
4836 tyramine-beta hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the hydroxylation of tyramine to form octopamine.
4837 tyrosine decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine = tyramine + CO2.
4838 L-tyrosine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine + 2-oxoglutarate = 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + L-glutamate.
4839 ubiquitin activating enzyme activity F Catalysis of the reaction: E1 + ubiquitin + ATP--> E1-ubiquitin + AMP + PPi, where the E1-ubiquitin linkage is a thioester bond between the C-terminal glycine of Ub and a sulfhydryl side group of an E1 cysteine residue. This is the first step in a cascade of reactions in which ubiquitin is ultimately added to a protein substrate.
4842 ubiquitin-protein transferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of ubiquitin from one protein to another via the reaction X-Ub + Y --> Y-Ub + X, where both X-Ub and Y-Ub are covalent linkages.
4843 thiol-dependent ubiquitin-specific protease activity F Catalysis of the thiol-dependent hydrolysis of a peptide bond formed by the C-terminal glycine of ubiquitin and another protein.
4844 uracil DNA N-glycosylase activity F Catalysis of the cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar, releasing a free base and leaving an apyrimidinic (AP) site. Enzymes with this activity recognize and remove uracil bases in DNA that result from the deamination of cytosine or the misincorporation of dUTP opposite an adenine.
4845 uracil phosphoribosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: diphosphate + UMP = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + uracil.
4846 urate oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: urate + O2 + H2O = 5-hydroxyisourate + hydrogen peroxide.
4847 urea carboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + bicarbonate + urea = ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphate + urea-1-carboxylate.
4848 ureidoglycolate hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-ureidoglycolate + H(2)O + 2 H(+) = CO(2) + glyoxylate + 2 NH(4)(+).
4849 uridine kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + uridine = ADP + UMP.
4850 uridine phosphorylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: uridine + phosphate = uracil + alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate.
4851 uroporphyrin-III C-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + uroporphyrin III = 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + precorrin-2.
4852 uroporphyrinogen-III synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: hydroxymethylbilane = H(2)O + uroporphyrinogen III.
4853 uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: uroporphyrinogen-III = coproporphyrinogen + 4 CO2.
4854 xanthine dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: xanthine + NAD+ + H2O = urate + NADH + H+.
4855 xanthine oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: xanthine + H2O + O2 = urate + hydrogen peroxide.
4856 xylulokinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylulose + ATP = D-xylulose 5-phosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).
4857 enzyme inhibitor activity F Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of an enzyme.
4858 dUTP pyrophosphatase inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of dUTP pyrophosphatase.
4859 phospholipase inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a phospholipase, an enzyme that catalyzes of the hydrolysis of a phospholipid.
4860 protein kinase inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a protein kinase, an enzyme which phosphorylates a protein.
4861 cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase.
4862 cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a cAMP-dependent protein kinase.
4864 protein phosphatase inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a protein phosphatase, an enzyme that hydrolyzes phosphate groups from phosphorylated proteins.
4865 protein serine/threonine phosphatase inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a serine/threonine protein phosphatase, an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction: protein serine/threonine phosphate + H2O = protein serine/threonine + phosphate.
4866 endopeptidase inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of an endopeptidase, any enzyme that hydrolyzes nonterminal peptide bonds in polypeptides.
4867 serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of serine-type endopeptidases, enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of nonterminal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain; a serine residue (and a histidine residue) are at the active center of the enzyme.
4869 cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase, any enzyme that hydrolyzes peptide bonds in polypeptides by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile.
4871 signal transducer activity F Conveys a signal across a cell to trigger a change in cell function or state. A signal is a physical entity or change in state that is used to transfer information in order to trigger a response.
4872 receptor activity F Combining with an extracellular or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell activity.
4873 asialoglycoprotein receptor activity F Receiving an asialoglycoprotein, and delivering the asialoglycoprotein into the cell via endocytosis. An asialoglycoprotein is a plasma glycoproteins from which the terminal sialic acid residue on their complex carbohydrate groups has been removed. The asialoglycoprotein receptor recognizes the terminal galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine units of the asialoglycoprotein, the receptor-ligand complex is internalized and transported to a sorting organelle where disassociation occurs before the receptor is recycled to the cell membrane.
4874 aryl hydrocarbon receptor activity F Combining with an aryl hydrocarbon and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor is a ligand-activated transcription factor which translocates to the nucleus to activate transcription upon ligand-binding.
4875 complement receptor activity F Combining with any component or product of the complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
4876 complement component C3a receptor activity F Combining with the C3a product of the complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
4877 complement component C3b receptor activity F Combining with the C3b product of the complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
4878 complement component C5a receptor activity F Combining with the C5a product of the complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
4879 RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, ligand-activated sequence-specific DNA binding F Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal to the transcriptional machinery by interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase II.
4880 juvenile hormone receptor activity F Combining with juvenile hormone and transmitting the signal to the transcriptional machinery by interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase II.
4882 androgen receptor activity F Combining with an androgen and transmitting the signal to the transcriptional machinery by interacting selectively and non-covalently with an androgen response element in DNA in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase II.
4883 glucocorticoid receptor activity F Combining with a glucocorticoid and transmitting the signal within the cell trigger a change in cell activity or function.
4884 ecdysteroid hormone receptor activity F Combining with an ecdysteroid hormone and transmitting the signal to the transcriptional machinery by interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase II.
4886 9-cis retinoic acid receptor activity F Combining with 9-cis retinoic acid and transmitting the signal to the transcriptional machinery by interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase II.
4887 thyroid hormone receptor activity F Combining with thyroid hormone and transmitting the signal to the transcriptional machinery by interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase II.
4888 transmembrane signaling receptor activity F Combining with an extracellular or intracellular signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity or state as part of signal transduction.
4890 GABA-A receptor activity F Combining with the amino acid gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) to initiate a change in cell activity. GABA-A receptors function as chloride channels.
4896 cytokine receptor activity F Combining with a cytokine and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
4897 ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor activity F Combining with ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
4900 erythropoietin receptor activity F Combining with erythropoietin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
4901 granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor activity F Combining with granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
4902 granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor activity F Combining with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
4903 growth hormone receptor activity F Combining with a growth hormone and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
4904 interferon receptor activity F Combining with an interferon and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
4905 type I interferon receptor activity F Combining with a type I interferon and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, epsilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.
4906 interferon-gamma receptor activity F Combining with interferon-gamma (a type II interferon) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
4908 interleukin-1 receptor activity F Combining with interleukin-1 to initiate a change in cell activity. Interleukin-1 is produced mainly by activated macrophages and is involved in the inflammatory response.
4909 interleukin-1, Type I, activating receptor activity F Combining with interleukin-1 to initiate a change in cell activity via signaling pathways and mediated by adaptor proteins.
4910 interleukin-1, Type II, blocking receptor activity F Combining with interleukin-1 to initiate a change in cell activity by inhibiting the activity of type I interleukin receptors.
4911 interleukin-2 receptor activity F Combining with interleukin-2 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
4912 interleukin-3 receptor activity F Combining with interleukin-3 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
4913 interleukin-4 receptor activity F Combining with interleukin-4 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
4914 interleukin-5 receptor activity F Combining with interleukin-5 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
4915 interleukin-6 receptor activity F Combining with interleukin-6 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
4917 interleukin-7 receptor activity F Combining with interleukin-7 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
4918 interleukin-8 receptor activity F Combining with interleukin-8 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
4919 interleukin-9 receptor activity F Combining with interleukin-9 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
4920 interleukin-10 receptor activity F Combining with interleukin-10 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
4921 interleukin-11 receptor activity F Combining with interleukin-11 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
4923 leukemia inhibitory factor receptor activity F Combining with leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
4924 oncostatin-M receptor activity F Combining with oncostatin-M and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
4925 prolactin receptor activity F Combining with prolactin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
4930 G-protein coupled receptor activity F Combining with an extracellular signal and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
4931 extracellular ATP-gated cation channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a channel that opens when extracellular ATP has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
4932 mating-type factor pheromone receptor activity F Combining with a mating-type factor pheromone to initiate a change in cell activity.
4933 mating-type a-factor pheromone receptor activity F Combining with the mating-type a-factor pheromone to initiate a change in cell activity.
4934 mating-type alpha-factor pheromone receptor activity F Combining with the mating-type alpha-factor pheromone to initiate a change in cell activity.
4935 adrenergic receptor activity F Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
4936 alpha-adrenergic receptor activity F Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine to initiate a change in cell activity via activation of a G protein, with pharmacological characteristics of alpha-adrenergic receptors.
4937 alpha1-adrenergic receptor activity F Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine to initiate a change in cell activity via activation of a G protein, with pharmacological characteristics of alpha1-adrenergic receptors; the activity involves transmitting the signal to the Gq alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein.
4938 alpha2-adrenergic receptor activity F Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine to initiate a change in cell activity via activation of a G protein, with pharmacological characteristics of alpha2-adrenergic receptors; the activity involves transmitting the signal to the Gi alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein.
4939 beta-adrenergic receptor activity F Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine to initiate a change in cell activity via activation of a G protein, with pharmacological characteristics of beta-adrenergic receptors; the activity involves transmitting the signal to the Gs alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein.
4940 beta1-adrenergic receptor activity F Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine to initiate a change in cell activity via activation of a G protein, with pharmacological characteristics of beta1-adrenergic receptors.
4941 beta2-adrenergic receptor activity F Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine to initiate a change in cell activity via activation of a G protein, with pharmacological characteristics of beta2-adrenergic receptors.
4945 angiotensin type II receptor activity F An angiotensin receptor activity that acts via Gi protein coupling and cGMP (NO) generation, and may also act via additional signaling mechanisms.
4946 bombesin receptor activity F Combining with bombesin to initiate a change in cell activity.
4947 bradykinin receptor activity F Combining with bradykinin to initiate a change in cell activity.
4948 calcitonin receptor activity F Combining with calcitonin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
4949 cannabinoid receptor activity F Combining with a cannabinoid to initiate a change in cell activity. Cannabinoids are a class of diverse chemical compounds that include the endocannabinoids and the phytocannabinoids.
4950 chemokine receptor activity F Combining with a chemokine, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. Chemokines are a family of small chemotactic cytokines; their name is derived from their ability to induce directed chemotaxis in nearby responsive cells. All chemokines possess a number of conserved cysteine residues involved in intramolecular disulfide bond formation. Some chemokines are considered pro-inflammatory and can be induced during an immune response to recruit cells of the immune system to a site of infection, while others are considered homeostatic and are involved in controlling the migration of cells during normal processes of tissue maintenance or development. Chemokines are found in all vertebrates, some viruses and some bacteria.
4951 cholecystokinin receptor activity F Combining with cholecystokinin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein to initiate a change in cell activity. Cholecystokinin can act as a neuropeptide or as a gastrointestinal hormone.
4952 dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity F Combining with the neurotransmitter dopamine to initiate a change in cell activity.
4953 icosanoid receptor activity F Combining with an icosanoid to initiate a change in cell activity.
4954 prostanoid receptor activity F Combining with a prostanoid, any compound based on or derived from the prostanoate structure, to initiate a change in cell activity.
4955 prostaglandin receptor activity F Combining with a prostaglandin (PG) to initiate a change in cell activity.
4956 prostaglandin D receptor activity F Combining with prostaglandin D (PGD(2)) to initiate a change in cell activity.
4957 prostaglandin E receptor activity F Combining with prostaglandin E (PGE(2)) to initiate a change in cell activity.
4958 prostaglandin F receptor activity F Combining with prostaglandin F (PGF (2-alpha)) to initiate a change in cell activity.
4960 thromboxane receptor activity F Combining with a thromboxane (TXA) to initiate a change in cell activity.
4961 thromboxane A2 receptor activity F Combining with thromboxane A2 (TXA(2)) and transmitting the signal across the membrane to activate an associated G-protein.
4962 endothelin receptor activity F Combining with endothelin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
4963 follicle-stimulating hormone receptor activity F Combining with follicle-stimulating hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.
4964 luteinizing hormone receptor activity F Combining with luteinizing hormone (also called lutropin) to initiate a change in cell activity.
4965 G-protein coupled GABA receptor activity F Combining with the amino acid gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
4966 galanin receptor activity F Combining with galanin to initiate a change in cell activity.
4967 glucagon receptor activity F Combining with glucagon and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
4968 gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity F Combining with gonadotropin-releasing hormone to initiate a change in cell activity. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a peptide hormone responsible for the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary. GnRH is synthesized and released by the hypothalamus.
4969 histamine receptor activity F Combining with histamine to initiate a change in cell activity. Histamine is a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans.
4970 ionotropic glutamate receptor activity F Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when glutamate has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
4971 AMPA glutamate receptor activity F An ionotropic glutamate receptor activity that exhibits fast gating by glutamate and acts by opening a cation channel permeable to sodium, potassium, and, in the absence of a GluR2 subunit, calcium.
4972 NMDA glutamate receptor activity F An cation channel that opens in response to binding by extracellular glutmate, but only if glycine is also bound and the membrane is depolarized. Voltage gating is an indirect effects, due to ejection of bound magnesium from the pore at permissive voltages.
4974 leukotriene receptor activity F Combining with a leukotriene to initiate a change in cell activity. Leukotrienes are pharmacologically active substances with a set of three conjugated double bonds; some contain a peptide group based on cysteine.
4977 melanocortin receptor activity F Combining with melanocortin to initiate a change in cell activity.
4978 corticotropin receptor activity F Combining with corticotropin to initiate a change in cell activity.
4979 beta-endorphin receptor activity F Combining with beta-endorphin, and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein. Beta-endorphin is a peptide, 31 amino acids long, resulting from processing of the precursor proopiomelanocortin (POMC).
4980 melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor activity F Combining with melanocyte-stimulating hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.
4982 N-formyl peptide receptor activity F Combining with an N-formyl peptide to initiate a change in cell activity.
4983 neuropeptide Y receptor activity F Combining with neuropeptide Y to initiate a change in cell activity.
4984 olfactory receptor activity F Combining with an odorant and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity in response to detection of smell.
4985 opioid receptor activity F Combining with an opioid (any narcotic derived from or resembling opium), and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein.
4989 octopamine receptor activity F Combining with the biogenic amine octopamine to initiate a change in cell activity. Octopamine is found in both vertebrates and invertebrates and can have properties both of a hormone and a neurotransmitter and acts as an adrenergic agonist.
4990 oxytocin receptor activity F Combining with oxytocin to initiate a change in cell activity.
4991 parathyroid hormone receptor activity F Combining with parathyroid hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.
4992 platelet activating factor receptor activity F Combining with platelet activating factor to initiate a change in cell activity.
4993 G-protein coupled serotonin receptor activity F Combining with the biogenic amine serotonin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a neurotransmitter and hormone found in vertebrates and invertebrates.
4994 somatostatin receptor activity F Combining with somatostatin to initiate a change in cell activity. Somatostatin is a peptide hormone that regulates the endocrine system by signaling via G-protein coupled somatostatin receptors. Somatostatin has two active forms produced by proteolytic cleavage: a 14 amino acid peptide (SST-14) and a 28 amino acid peptide (SST-28).
4995 tachykinin receptor activity F Combining with a tachykinin neuropeptide and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein.
4996 thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor activity F Combining with thyroid-stimulating hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.
4997 thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity F Combining with thyrotropin-releasing hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.
4998 transferrin receptor activity F Combining selectively with transferrin, and delivering transferrin into the cell via endocytosis. Transferrin is a major iron carrier protein in vertebrates.
4999 vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor activity F Combining with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide to initiate a change in cell activity.
5000 vasopressin receptor activity F Combining with vasopressin to initiate a change in cell activity.
5001 transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase activity F Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = protein tyrosine + phosphate.
5003 ephrin receptor activity F Combining with an ephrin to initiate a change in cell activity.
5004 GPI-linked ephrin receptor activity F Combining with a GPI-anchored ephrin to initiate a change in cell activity.
5005 transmembrane-ephrin receptor activity F Combining with a transmembrane ephrin to initiate a change in cell activity.
5006 epidermal growth factor-activated receptor activity F Combining with an epidermal growth factor and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.
5007 fibroblast growth factor-activated receptor activity F Combining with a fibroblast growth factor and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.
5008 hepatocyte growth factor-activated receptor activity F Combining with hepatocyte growth factor and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.
5009 insulin-activated receptor activity F Combining with insulin and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.
5010 insulin-like growth factor-activated receptor activity F Combining with insulin-like growth factor and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.
5011 macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor activity F Combining with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-tyrosine = ADP + a protein-L-tyrosine phosphate.
5017 platelet-derived growth factor-activated receptor activity F Combining with platelet-derived growth factor and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.
5018 platelet-derived growth factor alpha-receptor activity F Combining with platelet-derived growth factor isoform PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB or PDGF-AB to initiate a change in cell activity.
5019 platelet-derived growth factor beta-receptor activity F Combining with platelet-derived growth factor isoform PDGF-BB or PDGF-AB to initiate a change in cell activity.
5020 stem cell factor receptor activity F Combining with stem cell factor (SCF) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-tyrosine = ADP + a protein-L-tyrosine phosphate. Stem cell factor is a cytokine that stimulates mast cell growth and differentiation.
5021 vascular endothelial growth factor-activated receptor activity F Combining with a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.
5024 transforming growth factor beta-activated receptor activity F Combining with a transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.
5025 transforming growth factor beta receptor activity, type I F Combining with a complex of transforming growth factor beta and a type II TGF-beta receptor to initiate a change in cell activity; upon binding, acts as a downstream transducer of TGF-beta signals.
5026 transforming growth factor beta receptor activity, type II F Combining with transforming growth factor beta to initiate a change in cell activity; upon ligand binding, binds to and catalyzes the phosphorylation of a type I TGF-beta receptor.
5030 neurotrophin receptor activity F Combining with a neurotrophin, any of a family of growth factors that prevent apoptosis in neurons and promote nerve growth, and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.
5031 tumor necrosis factor-activated receptor activity F Combining with tumor necrosis factor, a proinflammatory cytokine produced by monocytes and macrophages, to initiate a change in cell function.
5034 osmosensor activity F Sensing extracellular osmolarity to initiate a change in cell activity, and spanning the membrane of the cell.
5035 death receptor activity F Combining with an extracellular messenger (called a death ligand), and transmitting the signal from one side of the plasma membrane to the other to initiate apoptotic or necrotic cell death.
5040 decoy death receptor activity F Combining with an extracellular messenger (death ligand) without transmission of the signal. Decoy death receptors compete with death receptors for ligand binding, and do not initiate apoptosis.
5041 low-density lipoprotein receptor activity F Combining with a low-density lipoprotein particle and delivering the low-density lipoprotein into the cell via endocytosis.
5042 netrin receptor activity F Combining with a netrin signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
5043 netrin receptor activity involved in chemorepulsion F Combining with a netrin signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to contribute to the directed movement of a motile cell away from a higher concentration of netrin.
5044 scavenger receptor activity F Combining with any modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or other polyanionic ligand and delivering the ligand into the cell via endocytosis. Ligands include acetylated and oxidized LDL, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, apoptotic cells, beta-amyloid fibrils, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs).
5046 KDEL sequence binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a KDEL sequence, the C terminus tetrapeptide sequence Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu found in proteins that are to be retained in the endoplasmic reticulum.
5047 signal recognition particle binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the signal recognition particle.
5048 signal sequence binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a signal sequence, a specific peptide sequence found on protein precursors or mature proteins that dictates where the mature protein is localized.
5049 nuclear export signal receptor activity F Combining with a nuclear export signal (NES) to mediate transport of the NES-containing protein through the nuclear pore to the cytoplasm.
5052 peroxisome matrix targeting signal-1 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 1 peroxisome targeting signal, a tripeptide with the consensus sequence (S/A/C)-(K/R/H)-L.
5053 peroxisome matrix targeting signal-2 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 2 peroxisome targeting signal, a nonapeptide with a broad consensus sequence of (R/K)-(L/V/I)-(XXXXX)-(H/Q)-(L/A/F).
5055 laminin receptor activity F Combining with a laminin, a glycoprotein that constitutes the majority of proteins in the basement membrane, to initiate a change in cell activity.
5056 tiggrin receptor activity F Combining with the extracellular matrix ligand tiggrin, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
5057 signal transducer activity, downstream of receptor F Conveys a signal from an upstream receptor or intracellular signal transducer, converting the signal into a form where it can ultimately trigger a change in the state or activity of a cell.
5068 transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase adaptor activity F The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase and one or more other molecules, permitting them to function in a coordinated way.
5070 SH3/SH2 adaptor activity F Interacting selectively and non-covalently and simultaneously with one or more signal transduction molecules, usually acting as a scaffold to bring these molecules into close proximity either using their own SH2/SH3 domains (e.g. Grb2) or those of their target molecules (e.g. SAM68).
5072 transforming growth factor beta receptor, cytoplasmic mediator activity F Activity of any of the molecules that transmit the signal from a TGF-beta receptor through the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
5078 MAP-kinase scaffold activity F The binding activity of a molecule that functions as a physical support for the assembly of a multiprotein mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) complex. Binds multiple kinases of the MAPKKK cascade, and also upstream signaling proteins, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way. Bringing together multiple enzymes and their substrates enables the signal to be transduced quickly and efficiently.
5080 protein kinase C binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with protein kinase C.
5085 guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity F Stimulates the exchange of guanyl nucleotides associated with a GTPase. Under normal cellular physiological conditions, the concentration of GTP is higher than that of GDP, favoring the replacement of GDP by GTP in association with the GTPase.
5086 ARF guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity F Stimulates the exchange of guanyl nucleotides associated with the GTPase ARF. Under normal cellular physiological conditions, the concentration of GTP is higher than that of GDP, favoring the replacement of GDP by GTP in association with the GTPase.
5087 Ran guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity F Stimulates the exchange of guanyl nucleotides associated with a GTPase of the Ran family. Under normal cellular physiological conditions, the concentration of GTP is higher than that of GDP, favoring the replacement of GDP by GTP in association with the GTPase.
5088 Ras guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity F Stimulates the exchange of guanyl nucleotides associated with a GTPase of the Ras superfamily. Under normal cellular physiological conditions, the concentration of GTP is higher than that of GDP, favoring the replacement of GDP by GTP in association with the GTPase.
5089 Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity F Stimulates the exchange of guanyl nucleotides associated with a GTPase of the Rho family. Under normal cellular physiological conditions, the concentration of GTP is higher than that of GDP, favoring the replacement of GDP by GTP in association with the GTPase.
5090 Sar guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity F Stimulates the exchange of guanyl nucleotides associated with a GTPase of the Sar family. Under normal cellular physiological conditions, the concentration of GTP is higher than that of GDP, favoring the replacement of GDP by GTP in association with the GTPase.
5091 guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor adaptor activity F The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor and one or more other proteins, permitting them to function in a coordinated way.
5092 GDP-dissociation inhibitor activity F Prevents the dissociation of GDP from a GTPase, thereby preventing GTP from binding.
5093 Rab GDP-dissociation inhibitor activity F Prevents the dissociation of GDP from the small GTPase Rab, thereby preventing GTP from binding.
5094 Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor activity F Prevents the dissociation of GDP from the small GTPase Rho, thereby preventing GTP from binding.
5095 GTPase inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP and orthophosphate.
5096 GTPase activator activity F Binds to and increases the activity of a GTPase, an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of GTP.
5102 receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
5104 fibroblast growth factor receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR).
5105 type 1 fibroblast growth factor receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the type 1 fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR1).
5109 frizzled binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the frizzled (fz) receptor.
5110 frizzled-2 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with frizzled-2 (fz2).
5111 type 2 fibroblast growth factor receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the type 2 fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR2).
5112 Notch binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the Notch (N) protein, a surface receptor.
5113 patched binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the patched (ptc) protein, a receptor for hedgehog proteins.
5114 type II transforming growth factor beta receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type II transforming growth factor beta receptor.
5115 receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor (Ror).
5117 wishful thinking binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with wishful thinking (Wit), a type II bone morphogenic protein receptor.
5118 sevenless binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the sevenless (sev) protein, a receptor tyrosine kinase.
5119 smoothened binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the smoothened (smo) protein, which interacts with patched to transmit hedgehog signals.
5121 Toll binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the Toll protein, a transmembrane receptor.
5122 torso binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the torso (tor) protein, a receptor tyrosine kinase.
5123 death receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any member of the death receptor (DR) family. The DR family falls within the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily and is characterized by a cytoplasmic region of ~80 residues termed the death domain (DD).
5124 scavenger receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with scavenger receptors, a family of proteins that are expressed on myeloid cells and are involved in the uptake of effete cellular components and foreign particles.
5125 cytokine activity F Functions to control the survival, growth, differentiation and effector function of tissues and cells.
5126 cytokine receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a cytokine receptor.
5127 ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor.
5128 erythropoietin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the erythropoietin receptor.
5129 granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor.
5130 granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor.
5131 growth hormone receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the growth hormone receptor.
5132 type I interferon receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an interferon-type I receptor, a heterodimeric complex composed of an alpha subunit (IFNAR1) and a beta subunit (IFNAR2).
5133 interferon-gamma receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interferon-gamma receptor.
5134 interleukin-2 receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-2 receptor.
5135 interleukin-3 receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-3 receptor.
5136 interleukin-4 receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-4 receptor.
5137 interleukin-5 receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-5 receptor.
5138 interleukin-6 receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-6 receptor.
5139 interleukin-7 receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-7 receptor.
5140 interleukin-9 receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-9 receptor.
5141 interleukin-10 receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-10 receptor.
5142 interleukin-11 receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-11 receptor.
5143 interleukin-12 receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-12 receptor.
5144 interleukin-13 receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-13 receptor.
5145 interleukin-14 receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-14 receptor.
5146 leukemia inhibitory factor receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the leukemia inhibitory factor receptor.
5147 oncostatin-M receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the oncostatin-M receptor.
5148 prolactin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the prolactin receptor.
5149 interleukin-1 receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-1 receptor.
5150 interleukin-1, Type I receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a Type I interleukin-1 receptor.
5151 interleukin-1, Type II receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a Type II interleukin-1 receptor.
5152 interleukin-1 receptor antagonist activity F Blocks the binding of interleukin-1 to the interleukin-1 receptor complex.
5153 interleukin-8 receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-8 receptor.
5154 epidermal growth factor receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the epidermal growth factor receptor.
5157 macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor.
5158 insulin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the insulin receptor.
5159 insulin-like growth factor receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the insulin-like growth factor receptor.
5160 transforming growth factor beta receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the transforming growth factor beta receptor.
5161 platelet-derived growth factor receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the platelet-derived growth factor receptor.
5163 nerve growth factor receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the nerve growth factor receptor.
5164 tumor necrosis factor receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the tumor necrosis factor receptor.
5165 neurotrophin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a neurotrophin receptor.
5166 neurotrophin p75 receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the neurotrophin p75 receptor.
5167 neurotrophin TRK receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a neurotrophin TRK receptor.
5168 neurotrophin TRKA receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the neurotrophin TRKA receptor.
5169 neurotrophin TRKB receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the neurotrophin TRKB receptor.
5170 neurotrophin TRKC receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the neurotrophin TRKC receptor.
5171 hepatocyte growth factor receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the hepatocyte growth factor receptor.
5172 vascular endothelial growth factor receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any vascular endothelial growth factor receptor.
5173 stem cell factor receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the stem cell factor receptor (SCFR), a type III transmembrane kinase receptor.
5174 CD40 receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with CD40, a receptor found on the surface of all B-lymphocytes.
5175 CD27 receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a CD27, a receptor found on the surface of T cells and some B cells and NK cells.
5176 ErbB-2 class receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the protein-tyrosine kinase receptor Neu/ErbB-2/HER2.
5178 integrin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an integrin.
5179 hormone activity F The action characteristic of a hormone, any substance formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory action. The term was originally applied to agents with a stimulatory physiological action in vertebrate animals (as opposed to a chalone, which has a depressant action). Usage is now extended to regulatory compounds in lower animals and plants, and to synthetic substances having comparable effects; all bind receptors and trigger some biological process.
5183 gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone activity F The action characteristic of gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone (GnRH), any of a family of decapeptide amide hormones that are released by the hypothalamus in response to neural and/or chemical stimuli. In at least mammals, upon receptor binding, GnRH causes the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) by the anterior pituitary.
5184 neuropeptide hormone activity F The action characteristic of a neuropeptide hormone, any peptide hormone that acts in the central nervous system. A neuropeptide is any of several types of molecules found in brain tissue, composed of short chains of amino acids; they include endorphins, enkephalins, vasopressin, and others. They are often localized in axon terminals at synapses and are classified as putative neurotransmitters, although some are also hormones.
5185 neurohypophyseal hormone activity F The action characteristic of a neurohypophyseal hormone, any of a family of structurally and functionally related nonapeptides that are synthesized as part of a larger precursor molecule comprising a signal peptide, the nonapeptide hormone, and a neurophysin.
5186 pheromone activity F The activity of binding to and activating specific cell surface receptors, thereby inducing behavioral, developmental, or physiological response(s) from a responding organism or cell. The substance may be released or retained on the cell surface. Pheromones may serve as a specific attractant, social communicator, or sexual stimulant.
5198 structural molecule activity F The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a complex or its assembly within or outside a cell.
5199 structural constituent of cell wall F The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a cell wall.
5200 structural constituent of cytoskeleton F The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a cytoskeletal structure.
5201 extracellular matrix structural constituent F The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the extracellular matrix.
5212 structural constituent of eye lens F The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the lens of an eye.
5213 structural constituent of chorion F The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a chorion. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
5214 structural constituent of chitin-based cuticle F The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a chitin-based cuticle. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
5215 transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
5216 ion channel activity F Enables the facilitated diffusion of an ion (by an energy-independent process) by passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism. May be either selective (it enables passage of a specific ion only) or non-selective (it enables passage of two or more ions of same charge but different size).
5217 intracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific intracellular ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
5219 ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when a ryanodine class ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
5220 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive calcium-release channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
5221 intracellular cyclic nucleotide activated cation channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a channel that opens when intracellular cyclic nucleotide has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
5222 intracellular cAMP activated cation channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a channel that opens when intracellular cAMP has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
5223 intracellular cGMP activated cation channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a channel that opens when intracellular cGMP has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
5225 volume-sensitive anion channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of an anion by a volume-sensitive channel. An anion is a negatively charged ion. A volume-sensitive channel is a channel that responds to changes in the volume of a cell.
5227 calcium activated cation channel activity F Enables the calcium concentration-regulatable energy-independent passage of cations across a lipid bilayer down a concentration gradient.
5228 intracellular sodium activated potassium channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of potassium by a channel that opens in response to stimulus by a sodium ion or ions. Transport by a channel involves facilitated diffusion of a solute (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel, without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism. Sodium activated potassium channels have distinctive properties, including a large single channel conductance, subconductance states, and a block of single channel currents at positive potentials, similar to inward rectification.
5229 intracellular calcium activated chloride channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of chloride by a channel that opens in response to stimulus by a calcium ion or ions. Transport by a channel involves catalysis of facilitated diffusion of a solute (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel, without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.
5230 extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific extracellular ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
5231 excitatory extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific extracellular ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts, where channel opening contributes to an increase in membrane potential.
5234 extracellular-glutamate-gated ion channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when extracellular glutamate has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
5237 inhibitory extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific extracellular inhibitory ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts. Inhibitory ligands, such as GABA or glycine, open chloride-selective channels.
5242 inward rectifier potassium channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by an inwardly-rectifying voltage-gated channel. An inwardly rectifying current-voltage relation is one where at any given driving force the inward flow of K+ ions exceeds the outward flow for the opposite driving force. The inward-rectification is due to a voltage-dependent block of the channel pore by a specific ligand or ligands, and as a result the macroscopic conductance depends on the difference between membrane voltage and the K+ equilibrium potential rather than on membrane voltage itself.
5243 gap junction channel activity F A wide pore channel activity that enables a direct cytoplasmic connection from one cell to an adjacent cell. The gap junction can pass large solutes as well as electrical signals between cells. Gap junctions consist of two gap junction hemi-channels, or connexons, one contributed by each membrane through which the gap junction passes.
5244 voltage-gated ion channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a voltage-gated channel. An ion is an atom or group of atoms carrying an electric charge by virtue of having gained or lost one or more electrons. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
5245 voltage-gated calcium channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a voltage-gated channel. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
5246 calcium channel regulator activity F Modulates the activity of a calcium channel.
5247 voltage-gated chloride channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a voltage-gated channel. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
5248 voltage-gated sodium channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a sodium ion by a voltage-gated channel. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
5249 voltage-gated potassium channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by a voltage-gated channel. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
5250 A-type (transient outward) potassium channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by an outwardly-rectifying voltage-gated channel that produces a transient outward current upon a step change in membrane potential.
5251 delayed rectifier potassium channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by a delayed rectifying voltage-gated channel. A delayed rectifying current-voltage relation is one where channel activation kinetics are time-dependent, and inactivation is slow.
5252 open rectifier potassium channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by an open rectifier voltage-gated channel. An open rectifier current-voltage relationship is one in which the direction of rectification depends on the external potassium ion concentration.
5253 anion channel activity F Enables the energy-independent passage of anions across a lipid bilayer down a concentration gradient.
5254 chloride channel activity F Enables the facilitated diffusion of a chloride (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.
5260 intracellular ATPase-gated chloride channel activity F Enables passage of a chloride ion through a transmembrane channel that opens when intracellular ATP is bound and hydrolysed. Passage is via passive diffusion once the channel is open.
5261 cation channel activity F Enables the energy-independent passage of cations across a lipid bilayer down a concentration gradient.
5262 calcium channel activity F Enables the facilitated diffusion of a calcium ion (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.
5267 potassium channel activity F Enables the facilitated diffusion of a potassium ion (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.
5272 sodium channel activity F Enables the facilitated diffusion of a sodium ion (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.
5274 allantoin uptake transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: allantoin(out) + H+(out) = allantoin(in) + H+(in) by secondary active transport.
5275 amine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of amines, including polyamines, from one side of the membrane to the other. Amines are organic compounds that are weakly basic in character and contain an amino (-NH2) or substituted amino group.
5276 vesicular hydrogen:amino acid antiporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a vesicle membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(in) + amino acid(out) = H+(out) + amino acid(in).
5277 acetylcholine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of acetylcholine from one side of the membrane to the other. Acetylcholine is an acetic acid ester of the organic base choline and functions as a neurotransmitter, released at the synapses of parasympathetic nerves and at neuromuscular junctions.
5278 acetylcholine:proton antiporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + acetylcholine(in) = H+(in) + acetylcholine(out).
5280 hydrogen:amino acid symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: amino acid(out) + H+(out) = amino acid(in) + H+(in).
5283 sodium:amino acid symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: amino acid(out) + Na+(out) = amino acid(in) + Na+(in).
5287 high-affinity basic amino acid transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of basic amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Acidic amino acids have a pH above 7. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
5289 high-affinity arginine transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of arginine from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
5290 L-histidine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of L-histidine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-histidine is 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid.
5291 high-affinity L-histidine transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of L-histidine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-histidine is 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
5292 high-affinity lysine transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of lysine from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
5294 neutral L-amino acid secondary active transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a neutral L-amino acid from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Chemiosmotic sources of energy include uniport, symport or antiport.
5295 neutral amino acid:sodium symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: neutral amino acid(out) + Na+(out) = neutral amino acid(in) + Na+(in).
5297 hydrogen:proline symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: proline(out) + H+(out) = proline(in) + H+(in).
5298 proline:sodium symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: proline(out) + Na+(out) = proline(in) + Na+(in).
5300 high-affinity tryptophan transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the high-affinity transfer of L-tryptophan from one side of a membrane to the other. Tryptophan is 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
5302 L-tyrosine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of L-tyrosine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-tyrosine is 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid.
5304 L-valine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of L-valine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-valine is 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid.
5307 choline:sodium symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: choline(out) + Na+(out) = choline(in) + Na+(in).
5308 creatine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of creatine across a membrane. Creatine is a compound synthesized from the amino acids arginine, glycine, and methionine that occurs in muscle.
5309 creatine:sodium symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: creatine(out) + Na+(out) = creatine(in) + Na+(in).
5310 dicarboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of dicarboxylic acids from one side of the membrane to the other. A dicarboxylic acid is an organic acid with two COOH groups.
5313 L-glutamate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of L-glutamate from one side of a membrane to the other. L-glutamate is the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid.
5314 high-affinity glutamate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glutamate(out) + H+(out) = glutamate(in) + H+(in). In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
5315 inorganic phosphate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of a inorganic phosphate from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Chemiosmotic sources of energy include uniport, symport or antiport.
5316 high-affinity inorganic phosphate:sodium symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: HPO42-(out) + Na+(out) = HPO42-(in) + Na+(in). In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
5319 lipid transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
5324 long-chain fatty acid transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of long-chain fatty acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.
5325 peroxisomal fatty-acyl-CoA transporter activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + fatty acyl CoA(cis) = ADP + phosphate + fatty acyl CoA(trans). The transport of fatty acyl CoA into and out of peroxisomes.
5326 neurotransmitter transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Neurotransmitters are any chemical substance that is capable of transmitting (or inhibiting the transmission of) a nerve impulse from a neuron to another cell.
5328 neurotransmitter:sodium symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: neurotransmitter(out) + Na+(out) = neurotransmitter(in) + Na+(in).
5329 dopamine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of dopamine from one side of the membrane to the other. Dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline.
5330 dopamine:sodium symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: dopamine(out) + Na+(out) = dopamine(in) + Na+(in).
5332 gamma-aminobutyric acid:sodium symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: gamma-aminobutyric acid(out) + Na+(out) = gamma-aminobutyric acid(in) + Na+(in).
5333 norepinephrine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of norepinephrine from one side of the membrane to the other. Norepinephrine (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-2-aminoethanol) is a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts of the CNS. It is also the biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine.
5334 norepinephrine:sodium symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: norepinephrine(out) + Na+(out) = norepinephrine(in) + Na+(in).
5335 serotonin:sodium symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: serotonin(out) + Na+(out) = serotonin(in) + Na+(in).
5337 nucleoside transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of a nucleoside, a nucleobase linked to either beta-D-ribofuranose (ribonucleoside) or 2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose, (a deoxyribonucleotide) from one side of a membrane to the other.
5338 nucleotide-sugar transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of a nucleotide-sugar from one side of the membrane to the other. A nucleotide-sugar is any nucleotide in which the distal phosphoric residue of a nucleoside 5'-diphosphate is in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.
5340 nucleotide-sulfate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of nucleotide-sulfate from one side of a membrane to the other.
5342 organic acid transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage, from one side of the membrane to the other.
5343 organic acid:sodium symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: organic acid(out) + Na+(out) = organic acid(in) + Na+(in).
5344 oxygen transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of oxygen into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
5345 purine nucleobase transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of purine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, from one side of a membrane to the other.
5346 purine ribonucleotide transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of a purine ribonucleotide, any compound consisting of a purine ribonucleoside (a purine organic base attached to a ribose sugar) esterified with (ortho)phosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.
5347 ATP transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of ATP, adenosine triphosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.
5350 pyrimidine nucleobase transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of pyrimidine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, from one side of a membrane to the other.
5351 sugar:proton symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sugar(out) + H+(out) = sugar(in) + H+(in).
5352 alpha-glucoside:proton symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: alpha-glucoside(out) + H+(out) = alpha-glucoside(in) + H+(in). Alpha-glucosides include trehalose, maltose, turanose, isomaltose, alpha-methylglucoside, maltotriose, palatinose, trehalose and melezitose.
5353 fructose transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of fructose from one side of the membrane to the other. Fructose exists in a open chain form or as a ring compound. D-fructose is the sweetest of the sugars and is found free in a large number of fruits and honey.
5354 galactose transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of galactose from one side of the membrane to the other. D-galactose is widely distributed in combined form in plants, animals and microorganisms as a constituent of oligo- and polysaccharides; it also occurs in galactolipids and as its glucoside in lactose and melibiose.
5355 glucose transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of the hexose monosaccharide glucose from one side of the membrane to the other.
5356 hydrogen:glucose symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose + H+ = glucose + H+. Symporter activity enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported together in the same direction in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy.
5357 constitutive hydrogen:glucose symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose + H+ = glucose + H+. This activity is constitutive and therefore always present, regardless of demand. Symporter activity enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported together in the same direction in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy.
5358 high-affinity hydrogen:glucose symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose + H+ = glucose + H+. This activity is constitutive and therefore always present, regardless of demand. Symporter activity enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported together in the same direction in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
5359 low-affinity hydrogen:glucose symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose + H+ = glucose + H+. In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations. Symporter activity enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported together in the same direction in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy.
5360 insulin-responsive hydrogen:glucose symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose + H+ = glucose + H+, in response to a stimulus by insulin. Symporter activity enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported together in the same direction in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy.
5362 low-affinity glucose:sodium symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose(out) + Na+(out) = glucose(in) + Na+(in). In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.
5363 maltose transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of maltose from one side of the membrane to the other. Maltose is the disaccharide 4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose, an intermediate in the enzymatic breakdown of glycogen and starch.
5364 maltose:proton symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: maltose(out) + H+(out) = maltose(in) + H+(in).
5365 myo-inositol transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of myo-inositol from one side of the membrane to the other. Myo-inositol is 1,2,3,4,5/4,6-cyclohexanehexol, a growth factor for animals and microorganisms.
5366 myo-inositol:proton symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: myo-inositol(out) + H+(out) = myo-inositol(in) + H+(in).
5367 myo-inositol:sodium symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: myo-inositol(out) + Na+(out) = myo-inositol(in) + Na+(in).
5368 taurine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of taurine from one side of the membrane to the other. Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is a sulphur-containing amino acid derivative which is important in the metabolism of fats.
5369 taurine:sodium symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: taurine(out) + Na+(out) = taurine(in) + Na+(in).
5371 tricarboxylate secondary active transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of tricarboxylate from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Chemiosmotic sources of energy include uniport, symport or antiport.
5372 water transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of water (H2O) from one side of a membrane to the other.
5375 copper ion transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of copper (Cu) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
5381 iron ion transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of iron (Fe) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
5384 manganese ion transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of manganese (Mn) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
5385 zinc ion transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of zinc (Zn) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
5388 calcium-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Ca2+(cis) = ADP + phosphate + Ca2+(trans).
5391 sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Na+(in) + K+(out) = ADP + phosphate + Na+(out) + K+(in).
5395 eye pigment precursor transporter activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + eye pigment precursor(in) = ADP + phosphate + eye pigment precursor(out).
5402 cation:sugar symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sugar(out) + cation(out) = sugar(in) + cation(in).
5412 glucose:sodium symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose(out) + Na+(out) = glucose(in) + Na+(in).
5415 nucleoside:sodium symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: nucleoside(out) + Na+(out) = nucleoside(in) + Na+(in).
5416 cation:amino acid symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: amino acid(out) + cation(out) = amino acid(in) + cation(in).
5427 proton-dependent oligopeptide secondary active transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a oligopeptide from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by proton movement.
5429 chromaffin granule amine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of amines across chromaffin granule membranes.
5430 synaptic vesicle amine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of amines across synaptic vesicle membranes.
5432 calcium:sodium antiporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Ca2+(in) + Na+(out) = Ca2+(out) + Na+(in).
5436 sodium:phosphate symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + phosphate(out) = Na+(in) + phosphate(in).
5451 monovalent cation:proton antiporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: monovalent cation(out) + H+(in) = monovalent cation(in) + H+(out).
5452 inorganic anion exchanger activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: inorganic anion A(out) + inorganic anion B(in) = inorganic anion A(in) + inorganic anion B(out).
5456 CMP-N-acetylneuraminate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of a CMP-N-acetylneuraminate from one side of the membrane to the other.
5457 GDP-fucose transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of a GDP-fucose from one side of the membrane to the other. GDP-fucose is a substance composed of fucose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.
5458 GDP-mannose transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of a GDP-mannose from one side of the membrane to the other. GDP-mannose is a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.
5459 UDP-galactose transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a UDP-galactose from one side of the membrane to the other. UDP-galactose is a substance composed of galactose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
5460 UDP-glucose transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of a UDP-glucose from one side of the membrane to the other. UDP-glucose is a substance composed of glucose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
5461 UDP-glucuronic acid transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a UDP-glucuronic acid from one side of the membrane to the other. UDP-glucuronic acid is a substance composed of glucuronic acid in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
5462 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of a UDP-N-acetylglucosamine from one side of the membrane to the other. N-acetylglucosamine is a substance composed of N-acetylglucosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
5463 UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a N-acetylgalactosamine from one side of the membrane to the other. N-acetylgalactosamine is a substance composed of N-acetylgalactosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
5464 UDP-xylose transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of UDP-xylose from one side of the membrane to the other. UDP-xylose is a substance composed of xylose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
5469 succinate:fumarate antiporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: succinate(out) + fumarate(in) = succinate(in) + fumarate(out).
5471 ATP:ADP antiporter activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP(out) + ADP(in) = ATP(in) + ADP(out).
5472 FAD carrier activity F Catalysis of the transfer of flavin adenine dinucleotide from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Chemiosmotic sources of energy include uniport, symport or antiport.
5476 carnitine:acyl carnitine antiporter activity F Catalysis of the reaction: carnitine (mitochondrial) + acyl carnitine (cytoplasm) = carnitine (cytoplasm) + acyl carnitine (mitochondrial).
5477 pyruvate secondary active transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of pyruvate from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Chemiosmotic sources of energy include uniport, symport or antiport.
5483 soluble NSF attachment protein activity F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with both N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein (NSF) and a cis-SNARE complex (i.e. a SNARE complex in which all proteins are associated with the same membrane) and increasing the ATPase activity of NSF, thereby allowing ATP hydrolysis by NSF to disassemble the cis-SNARE complex.
5484 SNAP receptor activity F Acting as a marker to identify a membrane and interacting selectively with one or more SNAREs on another membrane to mediate membrane fusion.
5487 nucleocytoplasmic transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of substances between the nucleus and the cytoplasm of a cell.
5488 binding F The selective, non-covalent, often stoichiometric, interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule.
5496 steroid binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a steroid, any of a large group of substances that have in common a ring system based on 1,2-cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene.
5497 androgen binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any androgen, male sex hormones.
5499 vitamin D binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with vitamin D, any of a group of related, fat-soluble compounds that are derived from delta-5,7 steroids and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Specific forms of vitamin D include calciferol (ergocalciferol; vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (calciol; vitamin D3).
5500 juvenile hormone binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with juvenile hormone, the three sesquiterpenoid derivatives that function to maintain the larval state of insects at molting and that may be required for other processes, e.g. oogenesis.
5501 retinoid binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with retinoids, any member of a class of isoprenoids that contain or are derived from four prenyl groups linked head-to-tail. Retinoids include retinol and retinal and structurally similar natural derivatives or synthetic compounds, but need not have vitamin A activity.
5502 11-cis retinal binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with 11-cis retinal, an isomer of retinal that plays an important role in the visual process in most vertebrates. 11-cis retinal combines with opsin in the rods (scotopsin) to form rhodopsin or visual purple. Retinal is one of the three compounds that makes up vitamin A.
5503 all-trans retinal binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with all-trans retinal, a compound that plays an important role in the visual process in most vertebrates. All-trans retinal (trans r., visual yellow) results from the bleaching of rhodopsin by light, in which the 11-cis form is converted to the all-trans form. Retinal is one of the forms of vitamin A.
5504 fatty acid binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with fatty acids, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis.
5506 iron ion binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with iron (Fe) ions.
5507 copper ion binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with copper (Cu) ions.
5509 calcium ion binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with calcium ions (Ca2+).
5513 detection of calcium ion P The series of events in which a calcium ion stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
5515 protein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
5516 calmodulin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with calmodulin, a calcium-binding protein with many roles, both in the calcium-bound and calcium-free states.
5518 collagen binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with collagen, a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals. Collagen is highly enriched in glycine (some regions are 33% glycine) and proline, occurring predominantly as 3-hydroxyproline (about 20%).
5519 cytoskeletal regulatory protein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein involved in modulating the reorganization of the cytoskeleton.
5520 insulin-like growth factor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an insulin-like growth factor, any member of a group of polypeptides that are structurally homologous to insulin and share many of its biological activities, but are immunologically distinct from it.
5521 lamin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with lamin; any of a group of intermediate-filament proteins that form the fibrous matrix on the inner surface of the nuclear envelope.
5522 profilin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with profilin, an actin-binding protein that forms a complex with G-actin and prevents it from polymerizing to form F-actin.
5523 tropomyosin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with tropomyosin, a protein associated with actin filaments both in cytoplasm and, in association with troponin, in the thin filament of striated muscle.
5524 ATP binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.
5525 GTP binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with GTP, guanosine triphosphate.
5527 macrolide binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a macrolide, any of a large group of structurally related antibiotics produced by Streptomyces species.
5528 FK506 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the 23-membered macrolide lactone FK506.
5534 galactose binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the aldohexose galactose (galacto-hexose), a common constituent of many oligo- and polysaccharides.
5536 glucose binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the D- or L-enantiomer of glucose.
5537 mannose binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with mannose, a monosaccharide hexose, stereoisomeric with glucose, that occurs naturally only in polymerized forms called mannans.
5539 glycosaminoglycan binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any glycan (polysaccharide) containing a substantial proportion of aminomonosaccharide residues.
5540 hyaluronic acid binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with hyaluronic acid, a polymer composed of repeating dimeric units of glucuronic acid and N-acetyl glucosamine.
5542 folic acid binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with folic acid, pteroylglutamic acid. Folic acid is widely distributed as a member of the vitamin B complex and is essential for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidines.
5543 phospholipid binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phospholipids, a class of lipids containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.
5544 calcium-dependent phospholipid binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phospholipids, a class of lipids containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester, in the presence of calcium.
5545 1-phosphatidylinositol binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidylinositol, any glycophospholipid with its sn-glycerol 3-phosphate residue is esterified to the 1-hydroxyl group of 1D-myo-inositol.
5546 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 4' and 5' positions.
5547 phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 3', 4' and 5' positions.
5548 phospholipid transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of phospholipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Phospholipids are a class of lipids containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.
5549 odorant binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an odorant, any substance capable of stimulating the sense of smell.
5550 pheromone binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a pheromone, a substance, or characteristic mixture of substances, that is secreted and released by an organism and detected by a second organism of the same or a closely related species, in which it causes a specific reaction, such as a definite behavioral reaction or a developmental process.
5575 cellular_component C The part of a cell, extracellular environment or virus in which a gene product is located. A gene product may be located in one or more parts of a cell and its location may be as specific as a particular macromolecular complex, that is, a stable, persistent association of macromolecules that function together.
5576 extracellular region C The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
5577 fibrinogen complex C A highly soluble, elongated protein complex found in blood plasma and involved in clot formation. It is converted into fibrin monomer by the action of thrombin. In the mouse, fibrinogen is a hexamer, 46 nm long and 9 nm maximal diameter, containing two sets of nonidentical chains (alpha, beta, and gamma) linked together by disulfide bonds.
5578 proteinaceous extracellular matrix C A layer consisting mainly of proteins (especially collagen) and glycosaminoglycans (mostly as proteoglycans) that forms a sheet underlying or overlying cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells. The proteins are secreted by cells in the vicinity. An example of this component is found in Mus musculus.
5579 membrane attack complex C A protein complex produced by sequentially activated components of the complement cascade inserted into a target cell membrane and forming a pore leading to cell lysis via ion and water flow.
5581 collagen trimer C A protein complex consisting of three collagen chains assembled into a left-handed triple helix. These trimers typically assemble into higher order structures.
5582 collagen type XV trimer C A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XV) chains; a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan often found in specialized basement membranes where it bridges between fibrils.
5583 fibrillar collagen trimer C Any triple helical collagen trimer that forms fibrils.
5584 collagen type I trimer C A collagen trimer containing alpha(I) chains. The most common form of type I collagen is a heterotrimer containing two alpha1(I) chains and one alpha2(I) chain; homotrimers containing three alpha1(I) chains are also found. Type I collagen triple helices associate to form banded fibrils.
5585 collagen type II trimer C A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(II) chains; type II collagen triple helices associate to form fibrils.
5586 collagen type III trimer C A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(III) chains; type III collagen triple helices associate to form fibrils.
5587 collagen type IV trimer C A collagen heterotrimer containing type IV alpha chains; [alpha1(IV)]2alpha2(IV) trimers are commonly observed, although more type IV alpha chains exist and may be present in type IV trimers; type IV collagen triple helices associate to form 3 dimensional nets within basement membranes.
5588 collagen type V trimer C A collagen heterotrimer containing type V alpha chains; [alpha1(V)]2alpha2(V) and alpha1(V)alpha2(V)alpha3(V) trimers have been observed; type V collagen triple helices associate to form fibrils.
5589 collagen type VI trimer C A collagen heterotrimer containing type VI alpha chains in alpha1(VI)alpha2(VI)alpha3(VI) trimers; type VI collagen triple helices associate to form beaded fibrils.
5590 collagen type VII C A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(VII) chains; type VII collagen triple helices form antiparallel dimer, which in turn associate laterally to form anchoring fibrils that connect type IV collagen in the basal lamina to plaques in the underlying connective tissue.
5591 collagen type VIII trimer C A collagen heterotrimer containing type VIII alpha chains; [alpha1(VIII)2]alpha2(VIII) and alpha1(VIII)[alpha2(VIII)]2 trimers have been observed; type VIII collagen triple helices associate to form regular hexagonal nets.
5592 collagen type XI trimer C A collagen heterotrimer containing type XI alpha chains in alpha1(XI)alpha2(XI)alpha3(XI) trimers; type XI collagen triple helices associate to form fibrils.
5593 FACIT collagen trimer C A collagen trimer that associates with collagen fibrils and consists of collagen monomers that contain two or more relatively short triple-helical domains connected by non-triple-helical sequences.
5594 collagen type IX trimer C A collagen heterotrimer containing type IX alpha chains in alpha1(IX)alpha2(IX)alpha3(IX) trimers; type IX collagen triple helices associate to form a structure that links glycosaminoglycans to type II collagen fibrils.
5595 collagen type XII trimer C A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XII) chains; type XII collagen triple helices may link sheet-forming or fibrillar collagens to other structures.
5596 collagen type XIV trimer C A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XIV) chains; type XIV collagen triple helices may link sheet-forming or fibrillar collagens to other structures.
5597 collagen type XVI trimer C A collagen trimer containing alpha(XVI) chains; type XVI trimers can associate with microfibrils.
5598 short-chain collagen trimer C Any collagen trimer that does not form fibrils and that is relatively short compared to the collagen trimers that do form fibrils.
5599 collagen type X trimer C A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(X) chains; type X collagen triple helices form hexagonal networks (sheets).
5600 collagen type XIII trimer C A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XIII) chains; type XIII collagen triple helices span the plasma membrane.
5601 classical-complement-pathway C3/C5 convertase complex C A heterodimeric protein complex that catalyzes the cleavage of complement components C3 and C5, and acts in the classical pathway of complement activation; consists of one monomer of C2a and one monomer of C4b; C2a is the catalytic subunit, but cannot catalyze cleavage alone.
5602 complement component C1 complex C A protein complex composed of six subunits of C1q, each formed of the three homologous polypeptide chains C1QA, C1QB, and C1QB, and tetramer of two C1QR and two C1QS polypeptide chains.
5604 basement membrane C A thin layer of dense material found in various animal tissues interposed between the cells and the adjacent connective tissue. It consists of the basal lamina plus an associated layer of reticulin fibers.
5605 basal lamina C A thin sheet of proteoglycans and glycoproteins, especially laminin, secreted by cells as an extracellular matrix.
5606 laminin-1 complex C A laminin complex composed of alpha1, beta1 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.
5607 laminin-2 complex C A laminin complex composed of alpha2, beta1 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.
5608 laminin-3 complex C A laminin complex composed of alpha1, beta2 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.
5609 laminin-4 complex C A laminin complex composed of alpha2, beta2 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.
5610 laminin-5 complex C A laminin complex composed of alpha3, beta3 and gamma2 polypeptide chains.
5611 laminin-6 complex C A laminin complex composed of alpha3, beta1 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.
5612 laminin-7 complex C A laminin complex composed of alpha3, beta2 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.
5614 interstitial matrix C A type of extracellular matrix found in interstitial connective tissue, characterized by the presence of fibronectins, proteoglycans, and types I, III, V, VI, VII and XII collagens.
5615 extracellular space C That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.
5616 larval serum protein complex C A multisubunit protein complex which, in Drosophila, is a heterohexamer of three subunits, alpha, beta and gamma. The complex is thought to store amino acids for synthesis of adult proteins.
5618 cell wall C The rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal, most prokaryotic cells and some protozoan parasites, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis. In plants it is made of cellulose and, often, lignin; in fungi it is composed largely of polysaccharides; in bacteria it is composed of peptidoglycan; in protozoan parasites such as Giardia species, it's made of carbohydrates and proteins.
5619 ascospore wall C The specialized cell wall of the ascospore (spore), which is the product of meiotic division. Examples of this component are found in Fungi.
5621 cellular bud scar C Crater-like ring of chitinous scar tissue located on the surface of the mother cell. It is formed after the newly emerged daughter cell separates thereby marking the site of cytokinesis and septation. The number of bud scars that accumulate on the surface of a cell is a useful determinant of replicative age.
5622 intracellular C The living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm.
5623 cell C The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. Includes the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope.
5628 prospore membrane C The prospore membrane is a double-membraned structure that extends from the cytoplasmic face of the spindle pole bodies to encompass the spindle pole bodies and the four nuclear lobes that are formed during meiosis. It helps isolate the meiotic nuclei from the cytoplasm during spore formation and serves as a foundation for the formation of the spore walls. An example of this component is found in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
5630 dityrosine layer of spore wall C The outermost layer of the spore wall, as described in Saccharomyces.
5631 chitosan layer of spore wall C The second outermost layer of the spore wall, as described in Saccharomyces.
5632 inner layer of spore wall C Either of the two innermost layers of the spore wall, as described in Saccharomyces.
5633 ascus lipid particle C Any particle of coalesced lipids in an ascus or ascospore. May include associated proteins.
5634 nucleus C A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
5635 nuclear envelope C The double lipid bilayer enclosing the nucleus and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space, a gap of width 20-40 nm (also called the perinuclear space).
5637 nuclear inner membrane C The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the nuclear envelope.
5638 lamin filament C Any of a group of intermediate-filament proteins that form the fibrous matrix on the inner surface of the nuclear envelope. They are classified as lamins A, B and C.
5639 integral component of nuclear inner membrane C The component of the nuclear inner membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
5640 nuclear outer membrane C The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the nuclear envelope; continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell and sometimes studded with ribosomes.
5641 nuclear envelope lumen C The region between the two lipid bilayers of the nuclear envelope; 20-40 nm wide.
5642 annulate lamellae C Stacks of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes containing a high density of nuclear pores, thought to form from excess nuclear membrane components, that have been described in a number of different cells. Annulate lamellar membranes are continuous with and embedded within the ER.
5643 nuclear pore C Any of the numerous similar discrete openings in the nuclear envelope of a eukaryotic cell, where the inner and outer nuclear membranes are joined.
5652 nuclear lamina C The fibrous, electron-dense layer lying on the nucleoplasmic side of the inner membrane of a cell nucleus, composed of lamin filaments. The polypeptides of the lamina are thought to be concerned in the dissolution of the nuclear envelope and its re-formation during mitosis. The lamina is composed of lamin A and lamin C filaments cross-linked into an orthogonal lattice, which is attached via lamin B to the inner nuclear membrane through interactions with a lamin B receptor, an IFAP, in the membrane.
5654 nucleoplasm C That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.
5655 nucleolar ribonuclease P complex C A ribonuclease P complex located in the nucleolus of a eukaryotic cell, where it catalyzes the 5' endonucleolytic cleavage of precursor tRNAs to yield mature tRNAs. Eukaryotic nucleolar ribonuclease P complexes generally contain a single RNA molecule that is necessary but not sufficient for catalysis, and several protein molecules.
5656 nuclear pre-replicative complex C A protein-DNA complex assembled at eukaryotic DNA replication origins during late mitosis and G1, allowing the origin to become competent, or 'licensed', for replication. The complex normally includes the origin recognition complex (ORC), Cdc6, Cdt1 and the MiniChromosome Maintenance (Mcm2-7) proteins.
5657 replication fork C The Y-shaped region of a replicating DNA molecule, resulting from the separation of the DNA strands and in which the synthesis of new strands takes place. Also includes associated protein complexes.
5658 alpha DNA polymerase:primase complex C A complex of four polypeptides, comprising large and small DNA polymerase alpha subunits and two primase subunits, which catalyzes the synthesis of an RNA primer on the lagging strand of replicating DNA; the smaller of the two primase subunits alone can catalyze oligoribonucleotide synthesis.
5662 DNA replication factor A complex C A conserved heterotrimeric complex that binds nonspecifically to single-stranded DNA and is required for multiple processes in eukaryotic DNA metabolism, including DNA replication, DNA repair, and recombination. In all eukaryotic organisms examined the complex is composed of subunits of approximately 70, 30, and 14 kDa.
5663 DNA replication factor C complex C A complex that loads the DNA polymerase processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) onto DNA, thereby permitting processive DNA synthesis catalyzed by DNA polymerase. In eukaryotes the complex consists of five polypeptides.
5664 nuclear origin of replication recognition complex C A multisubunit complex that is located at the replication origins of a chromosome in the nucleus.
5665 DNA-directed RNA polymerase II, core complex C RNA polymerase II, one of three nuclear DNA-directed RNA polymerases found in all eukaryotes, is a multisubunit complex; typically it produces mRNAs, snoRNAs, and some of the snRNAs. Two large subunits comprise the most conserved portion including the catalytic site and share similarity with other eukaryotic and bacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases. The largest subunit of RNA polymerase II contains an essential carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) composed of a variable number of heptapeptide repeats (YSPTSPS). The remainder of the complex is composed of smaller subunits (generally ten or more), some of which are also found in RNA polymerases I and III. Although the core is competent to mediate ribonucleic acid synthesis, it requires additional factors to select the appropriate template.
5666 DNA-directed RNA polymerase III complex C RNA polymerase III, one of three nuclear DNA-directed RNA polymerases found in all eukaryotes, is a multisubunit complex; typically it produces 5S rRNA, tRNAs and some of the small nuclear RNAs. Two large subunits comprise the most conserved portion including the catalytic site and share similarity with other eukaryotic and bacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases. The remainder of the complex is composed of smaller subunits (generally ten or more), some of which are also found in RNA polymerase I and others of which are also found in RNA polymerases I and II. Although the core is competent to mediate ribonucleic acid synthesis, it requires additional factors to select the appropriate template.
5667 transcription factor complex C A protein complex that is capable of associating with DNA by direct binding, or via other DNA-binding proteins or complexes, and regulating transcription.
5668 RNA polymerase transcription factor SL1 complex C A RNA polymerase I-specific transcription factor complex that contains the TATA-box-binding protein (TBP) and at least three TBP-associated factors including proteins known in mammals as TAFI110, TAFI63 and TAFI48.
5669 transcription factor TFIID complex C A complex composed of TATA binding protein (TBP) and TBP associated factors (TAFs); the total mass is typically about 800 kDa. Most of the TAFs are conserved across species. In TATA-containing promoters for RNA polymerase II (Pol II), TFIID is believed to recognize at least two distinct elements, the TATA element and a downstream promoter element. TFIID is also involved in recognition of TATA-less Pol II promoters. Binding of TFIID to DNA is necessary but not sufficient for transcription initiation from most RNA polymerase II promoters.
5671 Ada2/Gcn5/Ada3 transcription activator complex C A multiprotein complex that possesses histone acetyltransferase and is involved in regulation of transcription. Contains either GCN5 or PCAF in a mutually exclusive manner. The budding yeast complex includes Gcn5p, two proteins of the Ada family, and two TBP-associate proteins (TAFs); analogous complexes in other species have analogous compositions, and usually contain homologs of the yeast proteins. Both ATAC- or SAGA (see GO:0000124, SAGA complex) are involved in the acetylation of histone H3K9 and K14 residues.
5672 transcription factor TFIIA complex C A component of the transcription machinery of RNA Polymerase II. In humans, TFIIA is a heterotrimer composed of an alpha (P35), beta (P19) and gamma subunits (P12).
5673 transcription factor TFIIE complex C A transcription factor which in humans consists of a complex of two alpha and two beta chains. Recruits TFIIH to the initiation complex and helps activate both RNA polymerase II and TFIIH.
5674 transcription factor TFIIF complex C A general transcription initiation factor which in humans consists of a heterodimer of an alpha and a beta subunit. Helps recruit RNA polymerase II to the initiation complex and promotes translation elongation.
5675 holo TFIIH complex C A complex that is capable of kinase activity directed towards the C-terminal Domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and is essential for initiation at RNA polymerase II promoters in vitro. It is composed of the core TFIIH complex and the TFIIK complex.
5677 chromatin silencing complex C Any protein complex that mediates changes in chromatin structure that result in transcriptional silencing.
5680 anaphase-promoting complex C A ubiquitin ligase complex that degrades mitotic cyclins and anaphase inhibitory protein, thereby triggering sister chromatid separation and exit from mitosis. Substrate recognition by APC occurs through degradation signals, the most common of which is termed the Dbox degradation motif, originally discovered in cyclin B.
5681 spliceosomal complex C Any of a series of ribonucleoprotein complexes that contain snRNA(s) and small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), and are formed sequentially during the spliceosomal splicing of one or more substrate RNAs, and which also contain the RNA substrate(s) from the initial target RNAs of splicing, the splicing intermediate RNA(s), to the final RNA products. During cis-splicing, the initial target RNA is a single, contiguous RNA transcript, whether mRNA, snoRNA, etc., and the released products are a spliced RNA and an excised intron, generally as a lariat structure. During trans-splicing, there are two initial substrate RNAs, the spliced leader RNA and a pre-mRNA.
5682 U5 snRNP C A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U5.
5683 U7 snRNP C A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains the U7 snRNA and is required for the 3'-end processing of replication-dependent histone pre-mRNAs.
5684 U2-type spliceosomal complex C Any spliceosomal complex that forms during the splicing of a messenger RNA primary transcript to excise an intron that has canonical consensus sequences near the 5' and 3' ends.
5685 U1 snRNP C A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U1.
5686 U2 snRNP C A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U2.
5687 U4 snRNP C A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U4.
5688 U6 snRNP C A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U6.
5689 U12-type spliceosomal complex C Any spliceosomal complex that forms during the splicing of a messenger RNA primary transcript to excise an intron; the series of U12-type spliceosomal complexes is involved in the splicing of the majority of introns that contain atypical AT-AC terminal dinucleotides, as well as other non-canonical introns. The entire splice site signal, not just the terminal dinucleotides, is involved in determining which spliceosome utilizes the site.
5690 U4atac snRNP C A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U4atac.
5691 U6atac snRNP C A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U6atac.
5692 U11 snRNP C A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U11.
5693 U12 snRNP C A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U12.
5694 chromosome C A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information.
5697 telomerase holoenzyme complex C Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme complex, with a minimal catalytic core composed of a catalytic reverse transcriptase subunit and an RNA subunit that provides the template for telomeric DNA addition. In vivo, the holoenzyme complex often contains additional subunits.
5700 polytene chromosome C A type of chromosome in a polyploid cell, formed when multiple copies of homologous chromosomes are aligned side by side to give a giant chromosome in which distinct chromosome bands are readily visible.
5701 polytene chromosome chromocenter C A region at which the centric regions of polytene chromosomes are joined together.
5702 polytene chromosome weak point C A region of the polytene chromosome where the diameter is considerably decreased, probably resulting from local differences in chromosome organization.
5703 polytene chromosome puff C A swelling at a site along the length of a polytene chromosome, thought to be the site of active transcription.
5704 polytene chromosome band C A stretch of densely packed chromatin along the polytene chromosome, visible as a morphologically distinct band.
5705 polytene chromosome interband C A stretch of less tightly packed chromatin along the polytene chromosome, found between bands.
5706 polytene chromosome ectopic fiber C A thread-like connection joining two regions of ectopically paired polytene chromosomes.
5712 chiasma C A connection formed between chromatids, visible during meiosis, thought to be the point of the interchange involved in crossing-over.
5713 recombination nodule C An electron dense structure that is associated with meiotic chromosomes.
5714 early recombination nodule C An electron dense structure that is associated with meiotic chromosomes in leptotene or zygotene during meiosis I.
5715 late recombination nodule C An electron dense structure that is associated with meiotic chromosomes in pachytene during meiosis I.
5719 nuclear euchromatin C The dispersed less dense form of chromatin in the interphase nucleus. It exists in at least two forms, a some being in the form of transcriptionally active chromatin which is the least condensed, while the rest is inactive euchromatin which is more condensed than active chromatin but less condensed than heterochromatin.
5720 nuclear heterochromatin C A condensed form of chromatin, occurring in the nucleus during interphase, that stains strongly with basophilic dyes. The DNA of heterochromatin is typically replicated at a later stage in the cell-division cycle than euchromatin.
5721 pericentric heterochromatin C Heterochromatin that is located adjacent to the CENP-A rich centromere 'central core' and characterized by the modified histone H3K9me3.
5722 beta-heterochromatin C A diffusely banded region of heterochromatin located between euchromatin and alpha-heterochromatin in the polytene chromosome chromocenter; normally replicated during polytenization.
5723 alpha-heterochromatin C A small, compact region of heterochromatin located in the middle of the polytene chromosome chromocenter, which undergoes little or no replication during polytenization.
5724 nuclear telomeric heterochromatin C Heterochromatic regions of the chromosome found at the telomeres of a chromosome in the nucleus.
5725 intercalary heterochromatin C Any of the regions of heterochromatin that form a reproducible set of dense bands scattered along the euchromatic arms in polytene chromosomes.
5726 perichromatin fibrils C Structures of variable diameter visible in the nucleoplasm by electron microscopy, mainly observed near the border of condensed chromatin. The fibrils are enriched in RNA, and are believed to be sites of pre-mRNA splicing and polyadenylylation representing the in situ form of nascent transcripts.
5727 extrachromosomal circular DNA C Circular DNA structures that are not part of a chromosome.
5728 extrachromosomal rDNA circle C Circular DNA molecules encoding ribosomal RNA that are replicated independently of chromosomal replication. These molecules originate in the chromosome but are excised and circularized, often by intramolecular homologous recombination between direct tandem repeats.
5729 2-micrometer circle DNA C A plasmid commonly found in Saccharomyces, inherited in a non-Mendelian manner and often present in 100-400 copies.
5730 nucleolus C A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome.
5731 nucleolus organizer region C A region of a chromosome where nucleoli form during interphase, and where genes encoding the largest rRNA precursor transcript are tandemly arrayed.
5732 small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complex C A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains an RNA molecule of the small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) family and associated proteins. Most are involved in a step of processing of rRNA: cleavage, 2'-O-methylation, or pseudouridylation. The majority, though not all, fall into one of two classes, box C/D type or box H/ACA type.
5736 DNA-directed RNA polymerase I complex C RNA polymerase I, one of three nuclear DNA-directed RNA polymerases found in all eukaryotes, is a multisubunit complex; typically it produces rRNAs. Two large subunits comprise the most conserved portion including the catalytic site and share similarity with other eukaryotic and bacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases. The remainder of the complex is composed of smaller subunits (generally ten or more), some of which are also found in RNA polymerase III and others of which are also found in RNA polymerases II and III. Although the core is competent to mediate ribonucleic acid synthesis, it requires additional factors to select the appropriate template.
5737 cytoplasm C All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
5739 mitochondrion C A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.
5740 mitochondrial envelope C The double lipid bilayer enclosing the mitochondrion and separating its contents from the cell cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.
5741 mitochondrial outer membrane C The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the mitochondrial envelope.
5742 mitochondrial outer membrane translocase complex C A large complex of the mitochondrial outer membrane that mediates transport of proteins into all mitochondrial compartments.
5743 mitochondrial inner membrane C The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the mitochondrial envelope. It is highly folded to form cristae.
5744 mitochondrial inner membrane presequence translocase complex C The protein transport machinery of the mitochondrial inner membrane that contains three essential Tim proteins: Tim17 and Tim23 are thought to build a preprotein translocation channel while Tim44 interacts transiently with the matrix heat-shock protein Hsp70 to form an ATP-driven import motor.
5745 m-AAA complex C Protease complex of the mitochondrial inner membrane that is involved in mitochondrial protein turnover and in processing of proteins imported into mitochondria.
5746 mitochondrial respiratory chain C The protein complexes that form the mitochondrial electron transport system (the respiratory chain), associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane. The respiratory chain complexes transfer electrons from an electron donor to an electron acceptor and are associated with a proton pump to create a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.
5747 mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I C A protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that forms part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. It contains about 25 different polypeptide subunits, including NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), flavin mononucleotide and several different iron-sulfur clusters containing non-heme iron. The iron undergoes oxidation-reduction between Fe(II) and Fe(III), and catalyzes proton translocation linked to the oxidation of NADH by ubiquinone.
5749 mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II, succinate dehydrogenase complex (ubiquinone) C A protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that forms part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Contains the four polypeptide subunits of succinate dehydrogenase, flavin-adenine dinucleotide and iron-sulfur. Catalyzes the oxidation of succinate by ubiquinone. Connects the TCA cycle with the respiratory chain.
5750 mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III C A protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that forms part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Contains about 10 polypeptide subunits including four redox centers: cytochrome b/b6, cytochrome c1 and an 2Fe-2S cluster. Catalyzes the oxidation of ubiquinol by oxidized cytochrome c1.
5751 mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV C A protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that forms part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Contains the 13 polypeptide subunits of cytochrome c oxidase, including cytochrome a and cytochrome a3. Catalyzes the oxidation of reduced cytochrome c by dioxygen (O2).
5753 mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex C A proton-transporting ATP synthase complex found in the mitochondrial membrane.
5754 mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase, catalytic core C The hexamer, comprising three alpha and three beta subunits, that possesses the catalytic activity of the mitochondrial hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase.
5756 mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase, central stalk C One of two stalks that connect the catalytic core of the hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase to the mitochondrial membrane-associated F0 proteins; rotates within the catalytic core during catalysis.
5757 mitochondrial permeability transition pore complex C A protein complex that connects the inner and outer membranes of animal mitochondria and acts as a pore that can open transiently to allow free diffusion of solutes between the mitochondrial matrix and the cytosol. The pore complex is formed of the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) and cyclophilin-D (CyP-D).
5758 mitochondrial intermembrane space C The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of the mitochondrial envelope.
5759 mitochondrial matrix C The gel-like material, with considerable fine structure, that lies in the matrix space, or lumen, of a mitochondrion. It contains the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and, in some organisms, the enzymes concerned with fatty acid oxidation.
5760 gamma DNA polymerase complex C A DNA polymerase complex consisting of a large subunit, responsible for the catalytic activities, and a small accessory subunit. Functions in the replication and repair of mitochondrial DNA.
5761 mitochondrial ribosome C A ribosome found in the mitochondrion of a eukaryotic cell; contains a characteristic set of proteins distinct from those of cytosolic ribosomes.
5762 mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit C The larger of the two subunits of a mitochondrial ribosome. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation: the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site).
5763 mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit C The smaller of the two subunits of a mitochondrial ribosome.
5764 lysosome C A small lytic vacuole that has cell cycle-independent morphology and is found in most animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases, most of which have their maximal activities in the pH range 5-6. The contained enzymes display latency if properly isolated. About 40 different lysosomal hydrolases are known and lysosomes have a great variety of morphologies and functions.
5765 lysosomal membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding the lysosome and separating its contents from the cell cytoplasm.
5766 primary lysosome C A lysosome before it has fused with a vesicle or vacuole.
5767 secondary lysosome C Vacuole formed by the fusion of a lysosome with an organelle (autosome) or with a primary phagosome.
5768 endosome C A vacuole to which materials ingested by endocytosis are delivered.
5769 early endosome C A membrane-bounded organelle that receives incoming material from primary endocytic vesicles that have been generated by clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent endocytosis; vesicles fuse with the early endosome to deliver cargo for sorting into recycling or degradation pathways.
5770 late endosome C A prelysosomal endocytic organelle differentiated from early endosomes by lower lumenal pH and different protein composition. Late endosomes are more spherical than early endosomes and are mostly juxtanuclear, being concentrated near the microtubule organizing center.
5771 multivesicular body C A type of endosome in which regions of the limiting endosomal membrane invaginate to form internal vesicles; membrane proteins that enter the internal vesicles are sequestered from the cytoplasm.
5773 vacuole C A closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. Cells contain one or several vacuoles, that may have different functions from each other. Vacuoles have a diverse array of functions. They can act as a storage organelle for nutrients or waste products, as a degradative compartment, as a cost-effective way of increasing cell size, and as a homeostatic regulator controlling both turgor pressure and pH of the cytosol.
5774 vacuolar membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding the vacuole and separating its contents from the cytoplasm of the cell.
5775 vacuolar lumen C The volume enclosed within the vacuolar membrane.
5776 autophagosome C A double-membrane-bounded compartment that engulfs endogenous cellular material as well as invading microorganisms to target them to the vacuole/lysosome for degradation as part of macroautophagy.
5777 peroxisome C A small organelle enclosed by a single membrane, and found in most eukaryotic cells. Contains peroxidases and other enzymes involved in a variety of metabolic processes including free radical detoxification, lipid catabolism and biosynthesis, and hydrogen peroxide metabolism.
5778 peroxisomal membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a peroxisome.
5779 integral component of peroxisomal membrane C The component of the peroxisomal membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
5780 extrinsic component of intraperoxisomal membrane C The component of the intraperoxisomal membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
5782 peroxisomal matrix C The volume contained within the membranes of a peroxisome; in many cells the matrix contains a crystalloid core largely composed of urate oxidase.
5783 endoplasmic reticulum C The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).
5784 Sec61 translocon complex C A translocon complex that contains a core heterotrimer of conserved alpha, beta and gamma subunits, and may contain additional proteins (translocon-associated proteins or TRAPs); in budding yeast the core proteins are Sec61p, Sbh1p, and Sss1p. The Sec61 translocon complex functions in cotranslational and posttranslational translocation events.
5785 signal recognition particle receptor complex C A transmembrane heterodimeric protein located in the membrane of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Both subunits contain GTPase domains with which signal recognition particle interacts. In the presence of GTP and SRP receptor, SRP is released from the ribosome-nascent chain complex.
5786 signal recognition particle, endoplasmic reticulum targeting C A ribonucleoprotein particle of 325 kDa composed of a 7S (300 nucleotide) RNA molecule and a complex of six different polypeptides. This binds both to the N-terminal signal peptide for proteins destined for the endoplasmic reticulum as they emerge from the large ribosomal subunit and also to the ribosome. This binding arrests further translation thereby preventing the proteins from being released into the cytosol. The SRP-ribosome complex then diffuses to the endoplasmic reticulum where it is bound to the signal recognition particle receptor, which allows resumption of protein synthesis and facilitates the passage of the growing polypeptide chain through the translocon. Through a process involving GTP hydrolysis, the SRP-SRP receptor complex dissociates and SRP returns to the cytosol. Of the six polypeptides of SRP the 54 kDa subunit (SRP54) is the central player. It contains an N-terminal GTPase domain and a C-terminal domain that binds directly to the signal peptide and the SRP RNA. Examples of this component are found in Mus musculus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Arabidopsis thaliana.
5787 signal peptidase complex C A protein complex that is located in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and cleaves the signal sequence from precursor proteins following their transport out of the cytoplasmic space.
5788 endoplasmic reticulum lumen C The volume enclosed by the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum.
5789 endoplasmic reticulum membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding the endoplasmic reticulum.
5790 smooth endoplasmic reticulum C The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER or SER) has no ribosomes attached to it. The smooth ER is the recipient of the proteins synthesized in the rough ER. Those proteins to be exported are passed to the Golgi complex, the resident proteins are returned to the rough ER and the lysosomal proteins after phosphorylation of their mannose residues are passed to the lysosomes. Glycosylation of the glycoproteins also continues. The smooth ER is the site of synthesis of lipids, including the phospholipids. The membranes of the smooth ER also contain enzymes that catalyze a series of reactions to detoxify both lipid-soluble drugs and harmful products of metabolism. Large quantities of certain compounds such as phenobarbital cause an increase in the amount of the smooth ER.
5791 rough endoplasmic reticulum C The rough (or granular) endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has ribosomes adhering to the outer surface; the ribosomes are the site of translation of the mRNA for those proteins which are either to be retained within the cisternae (ER-resident proteins), the proteins of the lysosomes, or the proteins destined for export from the cell. Glycoproteins undergo their initial glycosylation within the cisternae.
5793 endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment C A complex system of membrane-bounded compartments located between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi complex, with a distinctive membrane protein composition; involved in ER-to-Golgi and Golgi-to-ER transport.
5794 Golgi apparatus C A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack. The Golgi apparatus differs from the endoplasmic reticulum in often having slightly thicker membranes, appearing in sections as a characteristic shallow semicircle so that the convex side (cis or entry face) abuts the endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles emerging from the concave side (trans or exit face). In vertebrate cells there is usually one such organelle, while in invertebrates and plants, where they are known usually as dictyosomes, there may be several scattered in the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus processes proteins produced on the ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum; such processing includes modification of the core oligosaccharides of glycoproteins, and the sorting and packaging of proteins for transport to a variety of cellular locations. Three different regions of the Golgi are now recognized both in terms of structure and function: cis, in the vicinity of the cis face, trans, in the vicinity of the trans face, and medial, lying between the cis and trans regions.
5795 Golgi stack C The set of thin, flattened membrane-bounded compartments, called cisternae, that form the central portion of the Golgi complex. The stack usually comprises cis, medial, and trans cisternae; the cis- and trans-Golgi networks are not considered part of the stack.
5796 Golgi lumen C The volume enclosed by the membranes of any cisterna or subcompartment of the Golgi apparatus, including the cis- and trans-Golgi networks.
5797 Golgi medial cisterna C The middle Golgi cisterna (or cisternae).
5798 Golgi-associated vesicle C Any vesicle associated with the Golgi complex and involved in mediating transport within the Golgi or between the Golgi and other parts of the cell.
5801 cis-Golgi network C The network of interconnected tubular and cisternal structures located at the convex side of the Golgi apparatus, which abuts the endoplasmic reticulum.
5802 trans-Golgi network C The network of interconnected tubular and cisternal structures located within the Golgi apparatus on the side distal to the endoplasmic reticulum, from which secretory vesicles emerge. The trans-Golgi network is important in the later stages of protein secretion where it is thought to play a key role in the sorting and targeting of secreted proteins to the correct destination.
5811 lipid particle C An intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle comprising a matrix of coalesced lipids surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer. May include associated proteins.
5813 centrosome C A structure comprised of a core structure (in most organisms, a pair of centrioles) and peripheral material from which a microtubule-based structure, such as a spindle apparatus, is organized. Centrosomes occur close to the nucleus during interphase in many eukaryotic cells, though in animal cells it changes continually during the cell-division cycle.
5814 centriole C A cellular organelle, found close to the nucleus in many eukaryotic cells, consisting of a small cylinder with microtubular walls, 300-500 nm long and 150-250 nm in diameter. It contains nine short, parallel, peripheral microtubular fibrils, each fibril consisting of one complete microtubule fused to two incomplete microtubules. Cells usually have two centrioles, lying at right angles to each other. At division, each pair of centrioles generates another pair and the twin pairs form the pole of the mitotic spindle.
5815 microtubule organizing center C An intracellular structure that can catalyze gamma-tubulin-dependent microtubule nucleation and that can anchor microtubules by interacting with their minus ends, plus ends or sides.
5816 spindle pole body C The microtubule organizing center in fungi; functionally homologous to the animal cell centrosome.
5818 aster C An array of microtubules emanating from a spindle pole MTOC that do not connect to kinetochores.
5819 spindle C The array of microtubules and associated molecules that forms between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during mitosis or meiosis and serves to move the duplicated chromosomes apart.
5821 intermediate layer of spindle pole body C Structure between the central and outer plaques of the spindle pole body.
5822 inner plaque of spindle pole body C One of three laminate structures that form the spindle pole body; the inner plaque is in the nucleus.
5823 central plaque of spindle pole body C One of three laminate structures that form the spindle pole body; the central plaque is embedded in the nuclear envelope.
5824 outer plaque of spindle pole body C One of three laminate structures that form the spindle pole body; the outer plaque is in the cytoplasm.
5825 half bridge of spindle pole body C Structure adjacent to the plaques of the spindle pole body.
5826 actomyosin contractile ring C A cytoskeletal structure composed of actin filaments and myosin that forms beneath the plasma membrane of many cells, including animal cells and yeast cells, in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the spindle, i.e. the cell division plane. Ring contraction is associated with centripetal growth of the membrane that divides the cytoplasm of the two daughter cells. In animal cells, the contractile ring is located inside the plasma membrane at the location of the cleavage furrow. In budding fungal cells, e.g. mitotic S. cerevisiae cells, the contractile ring forms beneath the plasma membrane at the mother-bud neck before mitosis.
5827 polar microtubule C Any of the spindle microtubules that come from each pole and overlap at the spindle midzone. This interdigitating structure consisting of antiparallel microtubules is responsible for pushing the poles of the spindle apart.
5828 kinetochore microtubule C Any of the spindle microtubules that attach to the kinetochores of chromosomes by their plus ends, and maneuver the chromosomes during mitotic or meiotic chromosome segregation.
5829 cytosol C The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
5831 steroid hormone aporeceptor complex C A protein complex consisting of a steroid receptor associated with nonreceptor proteins, minimally a dimer of Hsp90 and a monomer of hsp56/FKBP59; forms in the absence of bound ligand.
5832 chaperonin-containing T-complex C A multisubunit ring-shaped complex that mediates protein folding in the cytosol without a cofactor.
5833 hemoglobin complex C An iron-containing, oxygen carrying complex. In vertebrates it is made up of two pairs of associated globin polypeptide chains, each chain carrying a noncovalently bound heme prosthetic group.
5834 heterotrimeric G-protein complex C Any of a family of heterotrimeric GTP-binding and hydrolyzing proteins; they belong to a superfamily of GTPases that includes monomeric proteins such as EF-Tu and RAS. Heterotrimeric G-proteins consist of three subunits; the alpha subunit contains the guanine nucleotide binding site and possesses GTPase activity; the beta and gamma subunits are tightly associated and function as a beta-gamma heterodimer; extrinsic plasma membrane proteins (cytoplasmic face) that function as a complex to transduce signals from G-protein coupled receptors to an effector protein.
5835 fatty acid synthase complex C A multienzyme complex that catalyses the synthesis of fatty acids from acetyl CoA.
5836 fatty-acyl-CoA synthase complex C A protein complex that possesses fatty-acyl-CoA synthase activity.
5838 proteasome regulatory particle C A multisubunit complex, which caps one or both ends of the proteasome core complex. This complex recognizes and unfolds ubiquitinated proteins, and translocates them to the proteasome core complex.
5839 proteasome core complex C A multisubunit barrel shaped endoprotease complex, which is the core of the proteasome complex.
5840 ribosome C An intracellular organelle, about 200 A in diameter, consisting of RNA and protein. It is the site of protein biosynthesis resulting from translation of messenger RNA (mRNA). It consists of two subunits, one large and one small, each containing only protein and RNA. Both the ribosome and its subunits are characterized by their sedimentation coefficients, expressed in Svedberg units (symbol: S). Hence, the prokaryotic ribosome (70S) comprises a large (50S) subunit and a small (30S) subunit, while the eukaryotic ribosome (80S) comprises a large (60S) subunit and a small (40S) subunit. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation, namely the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site). Ribosomes from prokaryotes, eukaryotes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts have characteristically distinct ribosomal proteins.
5844 polysome C A multiribosomal structure representing a linear array of ribosomes held together by messenger RNA. They represent the active complexes in cellular protein synthesis and are able to incorporate amino acids into polypeptides both in vivo and in vitro.
5845 mRNA cap binding complex C Any protein complex that binds to an mRNA cap at any time in the lifetime of the mRNA.
5846 nuclear cap binding complex C A conserved heterodimeric protein complex that binds to the 5' terminal cap structure m7G(5')ppp(5')N of nascent eukaryotic RNA polymerase II transcripts such as pre-mRNA and U snRNA. The consists of proteins known as CBP20 and CBP80, binds to cap structures in the nucleus, and is involved in pre-mRNA splicing, 3'-end formation, and RNA nuclear export.
5847 mRNA cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor complex C A multisubunit complex that binds to the canonical AAUAAA hexamer and to U-rich upstream sequence elements on the pre-mRNA, thereby stimulating the otherwise weakly active and nonspecific polymerase to elongate efficiently RNAs containing a poly(A) signal.
5848 mRNA cleavage stimulating factor complex C A protein complex required for mRNA cleavage but not for poly(A) addition.
5849 mRNA cleavage factor complex C Any macromolecular complex involved in cleavage or polyadenylation of mRNA molecules.
5850 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 complex C Complex of three heterogeneous polypeptide chains, that form a ternary complex with initiator methionyl-tRNA and GTP. This ternary complex binds to free 40S subunit, which subsequently binds the 5' end of mRNA.
5851 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B complex C A multisubunit guanine nucleotide exchange factor which catalyzes the exchange of GDP bound to initiation factor eIF2 for GTP, generating active eIF2-GTP. In humans, it is composed of five subunits, alpha, beta, delta, gamma and epsilon.
5852 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complex C A complex of several polypeptides that plays at least two important roles in protein synthesis: First, eIF3 binds to the 40S ribosome and facilitates loading of the Met-tRNA/eIF2.GTP ternary complex to form the 43S preinitiation complex. Subsequently, eIF3 apparently assists eIF4 in recruiting mRNAs to the 43S complex. The eIF3 complex contains five conserved core subunits, and may contain several additional proteins; the non-core subunits are thought to mediate association of the complex with specific sets of mRNAs.
5853 eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 complex C A multisubunit nucleotide exchange complex that binds GTP and aminoacyl-tRNAs, and catalyzes their codon-dependent placement at the A-site of the ribosome. In humans, the complex is composed of four subunits, alpha, beta, delta and gamma.
5854 nascent polypeptide-associated complex C A heterodimeric protein complex that can reversibly bind to ribosomes, and is located in direct proximity to newly synthesized polypeptide chains as they emerge from the ribosome.
5856 cytoskeleton C Any of the various filamentous elements that form the internal framework of cells, and typically remain after treatment of the cells with mild detergent to remove membrane constituents and soluble components of the cytoplasm. The term embraces intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles.
5858 axonemal dynein complex C A dynein complex found in eukaryotic cilia and flagella; the motor domain heads interact with adjacent microtubules to generate a sliding force which is converted to a bending motion.
5859 muscle myosin complex C A filament of myosin found in a muscle cell of any type.
5861 troponin complex C A complex of accessory proteins (typically troponin T, troponin I and troponin C) found associated with actin in muscle thin filaments; involved in calcium regulation of muscle contraction.
5862 muscle thin filament tropomyosin C A form of the tropomyosin dimer found associated with actin and the troponin complex in muscle thin filaments.
5863 striated muscle myosin thick filament C Bipolar filaments formed of polymers of a muscle-specific myosin II isoform, found in the middle of sarcomeres in myofibrils.
5865 striated muscle thin filament C Filaments formed of actin and associated proteins; attached to Z discs at either end of sarcomeres in myofibrils.
5868 cytoplasmic dynein complex C Any dynein complex with a homodimeric dynein heavy chain core that catalyzes movement along a microtubule. Cytoplasmic dynein complexes participate in many cytoplasmic transport activities in eukaryotes, such as mRNA localization, intermediate filament transport, nuclear envelope breakdown, apoptosis, transport of centrosomal proteins, mitotic spindle assembly, virus transport, kinetochore functions, and movement of signaling and spindle checkpoint proteins. Some complexes participate in intraflagellar transport. Subunits associated with the dynein heavy chain mediate association between dynein heavy chain and cargoes, and may include light chains and light intermediate chains.
5869 dynactin complex C A 20S multiprotein assembly of total mass about 1.2 MDa that activates dynein-based activity in vivo. A large structural component of the complex is an actin-like 40 nm filament composed of actin-related protein, to which other components attach.
5870 actin capping protein of dynactin complex C A heterodimer consisting of alpha and beta subunits that binds to and caps the barbed ends of actin filaments, nucleates the polymerization of actin monomers but does not sever actin filaments, and which is a part of the dynactin complex.
5871 kinesin complex C Any complex that includes a dimer of molecules from the kinesin superfamily, a group of related proteins that contain an extended region of predicted alpha-helical coiled coil in the main chain that likely produces dimerization. The native complexes of several kinesin family members have also been shown to contain additional peptides, often designated light chains as all of the noncatalytic subunits that are currently known are smaller than the chain that contains the motor unit. Kinesin complexes generally possess a force-generating enzymatic activity, or motor, which converts the free energy of the gamma phosphate bond of ATP into mechanical work.
5872 minus-end kinesin complex C Any complex that includes a dimer of molecules from the kinesin superfamily and any associated proteins, and moves towards the minus end of a microtubule.
5873 plus-end kinesin complex C Any complex that includes a dimer of molecules from the kinesin superfamily and any associated proteins, and moves towards the plus end of a microtubule.
5874 microtubule C Any of the long, generally straight, hollow tubes of internal diameter 12-15 nm and external diameter 24 nm found in a wide variety of eukaryotic cells; each consists (usually) of 13 protofilaments of polymeric tubulin, staggered in such a manner that the tubulin monomers are arranged in a helical pattern on the microtubular surface, and with the alpha/beta axes of the tubulin subunits parallel to the long axis of the tubule; exist in equilibrium with pool of tubulin monomers and can be rapidly assembled or disassembled in response to physiological stimuli; concerned with force generation, e.g. in the spindle.
5875 microtubule associated complex C Any multimeric complex connected to a microtubule.
5876 spindle microtubule C Any microtubule that is part of a mitotic or meiotic spindle; anchored at one spindle pole.
5879 axonemal microtubule C A microtubule in the axoneme of a eukaryotic cilium or flagellum; an axoneme contains nine modified doublet microtubules, which may or may not surround a pair of single microtubules.
5880 nuclear microtubule C Any microtubule in the nucleus of a cell.
5881 cytoplasmic microtubule C Any microtubule in the cytoplasm of a cell.
5882 intermediate filament C A cytoskeletal structure that forms a distinct elongated structure, characteristically 10 nm in diameter, that occurs in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. Intermediate filaments form a fibrous system, composed of chemically heterogeneous subunits and involved in mechanically integrating the various components of the cytoplasmic space. Intermediate filaments may be divided into five chemically distinct classes: Type I, acidic keratins; Type II, basic keratins; Type III, including desmin, vimentin and others; Type IV, neurofilaments and related filaments; and Type V, lamins.
5883 neurofilament C A type of intermediate filament found in the core of neuronal axons. Neurofilaments are heteropolymers composed of three type IV polypeptides: NF-L, NF-M, and NF-H (for low, middle, and high molecular weight). Neurofilaments are responsible for the radial growth of an axon and determine axonal diameter.
5884 actin filament C A filamentous structure formed of a two-stranded helical polymer of the protein actin and associated proteins. Actin filaments are a major component of the contractile apparatus of skeletal muscle and the microfilaments of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells. The filaments, comprising polymerized globular actin molecules, appear as flexible structures with a diameter of 5-9 nm. They are organized into a variety of linear bundles, two-dimensional networks, and three dimensional gels. In the cytoskeleton they are most highly concentrated in the cortex of the cell just beneath the plasma membrane.
5885 Arp2/3 protein complex C A stable protein complex that contains two actin-related proteins, Arp2 and Arp3, and five novel proteins (ARPC1-5), and functions in the nucleation of branched actin filaments.
5886 plasma membrane C The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
5887 integral component of plasma membrane C The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
5889 hydrogen:potassium-exchanging ATPase complex C A protein complex that possesses hydrogen:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity; characterized in animal cells, where it maintains ionic gradients of K+ at the expense of ATP hydrolysis; The complex contains two obligatory subunits, the catalytic alpha subunit and a glycosylated beta subunit; two additional subunits, gamma and channel-inducing factor (CHIF), may also be present.
5890 sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPase complex C Sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPases are tetrameric proteins, consisting of two large alpha subunits and two smaller beta subunits. The alpha subunits bear the active site and penetrate the membrane, while the beta subunits carry oligosaccharide groups and face the cell exterior.
5891 voltage-gated calcium channel complex C A protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which calcium ions may pass in response to changes in membrane potential.
5892 acetylcholine-gated channel complex C A homo- or hetero-pentameric protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which ions may pass in response to acetylcholine binding.
5893 interleukin-2 receptor complex C A protein complex that binds interleukin-2; comprises alpha, beta, and gamma subunits.
5894 interleukin-3 receptor complex C A protein complex that binds interleukin-3; comprises an alpha and a beta subunit. The alpha chain is specific to the interleukin-3 receptor, whereas the beta chain is shared with the receptors for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-5.
5895 interleukin-5 receptor complex C A protein complex that binds interleukin-3; comprises an alpha and a beta subunit. The alpha chain is specific to the interleukin-5 receptor, whereas the beta chain is shared with the receptors for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-3.
5896 interleukin-6 receptor complex C A hexameric protein complex consisting of two molecules each of interleukin-6, interleukin-6 receptor alpha chain, and gp-130.
5897 interleukin-9 receptor complex C A protein complex that binds interleukin-9; comprises an alpha and a beta subunit. The alpha chain is specific to the interleukin-9 receptor, whereas the beta chain is shared with the receptors for several other interleukins.
5898 interleukin-13 receptor complex C A protein complex that binds interleukin-13; consists of two chains, interleukin-13 receptor alpha1 chain and interleukin-4 receptor alpha chain.
5899 insulin receptor complex C A disulfide-bonded, heterotetrameric receptor complex. The alpha chains are entirely extracellular, while each beta chain has one transmembrane domain. The ligand binds to the alpha subunit extracellular domain and the kinase is associated with the beta subunit intracellular domain.
5900 oncostatin-M receptor complex C A heterodimeric receptor for the cytokine oncostatin-M (OSM). In humans the receptor complex is made up of the gene products gp130 and OSMR-beta.
5901 caveola C A membrane raft that forms small pit, depression, or invagination that communicates with the outside of a cell and extends inward, indenting the cytoplasm and the cell membrane. Examples include flask-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane in adipocytes associated with caveolin proteins, and minute pits or incuppings of the cell membrane formed during pinocytosis. Caveolae may be pinched off to form free vesicles within the cytoplasm.
5902 microvillus C Thin cylindrical membrane-covered projections on the surface of an animal cell containing a core bundle of actin filaments. Present in especially large numbers on the absorptive surface of intestinal cells.
5903 brush border C The dense covering of microvilli on the apical surface of a epithelial cells in tissues such as the intestine, kidney, and choroid plexus; the microvilli aid absorption by increasing the surface area of the cell.
5905 clathrin-coated pit C A part of the endomembrane system in the form of an invagination of a membrane upon which a clathrin coat forms, and that can be converted by vesicle budding into a clathrin-coated vesicle. Coated pits form on the plasma membrane, where they are involved in receptor-mediated selective transport of many proteins and other macromolecules across the cell membrane, in the trans-Golgi network, and on some endosomes.
5911 cell-cell junction C A cell junction that forms a connection between two or more cells in a multicellular organism; excludes direct cytoplasmic junctions such as ring canals.
5912 adherens junction C A cell junction at which anchoring proteins (cadherins or integrins) extend through the plasma membrane and are attached to actin filaments.
5913 cell-cell adherens junction C An adherens junction which connects a cell to another cell.
5914 spot adherens junction C A small cell-cell adherens junction assembled during the cellularization stage of insect embyrogenesis; spot adherens junctions later fuse to form the zonula adherens.
5915 zonula adherens C A cell-cell adherens junction which forms a continuous belt near the apex of epithelial cells.
5916 fascia adherens C A cell-cell adherens junction that contains the transmembrane protein N-cadherin, which interacts with identical molecules from neighboring cells to form a tight mechanical intercellular link; forms a large portion of the intercalated disc, the structure at which myofibrils terminate in cardiomyocytes.
5917 nephrocyte diaphragm C A specialized cell-cell junction found between nephrocytes of the insect kidney, which is adapted for filtration of hemolymph. The insect nephrocyte is anatomically and functionally similar to the glomerular podocyte of vertebrates.
5918 septate junction C A cell-cell junction that forms a continuous band around each cell in an epithelium; within the septate junction the membranes of adjacent cells maintain a constant distance of approximately 15 nm; found in invertebrates.
5919 pleated septate junction C A septate junction in which regular arrays of electron-dense septae span the intermembrane space.
5920 smooth septate junction C A septate junction that lacks the regular arrays of electron-dense septae found in pleated septate junctions.
5921 gap junction C A cell-cell junction composed of pannexins or innexins and connexins, two different families of channel-forming proteins.
5922 connexin complex C An assembly of six molecules of connexin, made in the Golgi apparatus and subsequently transported to the plasma membrane, where docking of two connexons on apposed plasma membranes across the extracellular space forms a gap junction.
5923 bicellular tight junction C An occluding cell-cell junction that is composed of a branching network of sealing strands that completely encircles the apical end of each cell in an epithelial sheet; the outer leaflets of the two interacting plasma membranes are seen to be tightly apposed where sealing strands are present. Each sealing strand is composed of a long row of transmembrane adhesion proteins embedded in each of the two interacting plasma membranes.
5924 cell-substrate adherens junction C An adherens junction which connects a cell to the extracellular matrix.
5925 focal adhesion C Small region on the surface of a cell that anchors the cell to the extracellular matrix and that forms a point of termination of actin filaments.
5926 connecting hemi-adherens junction C A cell-substrate adherens junction, also known as a hemiadherens junction (HAJ) that forms one of a pair of junctions in opposing cells that are separated by only 30-40nm, with a thin line of extracellular electron-dense material in between; found where muscles attach to epidermal cells directly (in insects).
5927 muscle tendon junction C A cell-substrate junction found at the terminal anchorage site of skeletal muscle cells to tendons.
5928 apical hemi-adherens junction C A cell-substrate adherens junction found in the apical region of a cell, such as those found in cuticle-secreting epithelia, which connect the apical membrane to the cuticle.
5929 cilium C A specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface and of some cytoplasmic parts. Each cilium is largely bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored to a basal body.
5930 axoneme C The bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of cilia (also called flagella) in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements.
5931 axonemal nexin link C A protein complex found in the axoneme of eukaryotic cilia and flagella. It forms interconnections between the microtubule outer doublets that surround the inner central pair of microtubules.
5933 cellular bud C A protuberance from a cell of an organism that reproduces by budding, which will grow larger and become a separate daughter cell after nuclear division, cytokinesis, and cell wall formation (when appropriate). The daughter cell may completely separate from the mother cell, or the mother and daughter cells may remain associated.
5934 cellular bud tip C The end of a cellular bud distal to the site of attachment to the mother cell.
5935 cellular bud neck C The constriction between the mother cell and daughter cell (bud) in an organism that reproduces by budding.
5937 mating projection C The projection formed by unicellular fungi in response to mating pheromone.
5938 cell cortex C The region of a cell that lies just beneath the plasma membrane and often, but not always, contains a network of actin filaments and associated proteins.
5940 septin ring C A tight ring-shaped structure that forms in the division plane at the site of cytokinesis; composed of members of the conserved family of filament-forming proteins called septins as well as septin-associated proteins. This type of septin structure is observed at the bud neck of budding fungal cells, at the site of cell division in animal cells, at the junction between the mother cell and a pseudohyphal projection, and also within hyphae of filamentous fungi at sites where a septum will form.
5942 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex C A protein complex capable of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity and containing subunits of any phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) enzyme. These complexes are divided in three classes (called I, II and III) that differ for their presence across taxonomic groups and for the type of their constituents. Catalytic subunits of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase enzymes are present in all 3 classes; regulatory subunits of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase enzymes are present in classes I and III; adaptor proteins have been observed in class II complexes and may be present in other classes too.
5943 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class IA C A class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex that possesses 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase activity; comprises a catalytic class IA phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) subunit and an associated SH2 domain-containing regulatory subunit that is a member of a family of related proteins often called p85 proteins. Through the interaction with the SH2-containing adaptor subunits, Class IA PI3K catalytic subunits are linked to tyrosine kinase signaling pathways.
5944 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class IB C A class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex that possesses 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase activity; comprises a catalytic class IB phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) subunit and an associated regulatory subunit that is larger than, and unrelated to, the p85 proteins present in class IA complexes. Class IB PI3Ks are stimulated by G-proteins and do not interact with the SH2-domain containing adaptors that bind to Class IA PI3Ks.
5945 6-phosphofructokinase complex C A protein complex that possesses 6-phosphofructokinase activity; homodimeric, homooctameric, and allosteric homotetrameric forms are known.
5946 alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase complex (UDP-forming) C A protein complex that possesses alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (UDP-forming) and trehalose-phosphatase activities, and thus catalyzes two reactions in trehalose biosynthesis. In the complex identified in Saccharomyces, Tps1p has alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (UDP-forming) activity, Tps2p has trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatase activity; Tps3p is a regulatory subunit, and an additional subunit, Tsl1p, may be present.
5947 mitochondrial alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex C Mitochondrial complex that possesses alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity.
5948 acetolactate synthase complex C A dimeric (a large and a small chain) or tetrameric (two large and two small chains) enzyme complex. Catalyzes the formation of acetolactate from pyruvate.
5950 anthranilate synthase complex C A heterotetrameric enzyme complex made up of two components I and two components II. Catalyzes the formation of anthranilate, pyruvate and L-glutamate from chorismate and L-glutamine.
5951 carbamoyl-phosphate synthase complex C A protein complex that catalyzes the formation of carbamoyl phosphate; comprises a small subunit that binds and cleaves glutamine, and a large subunit that accepts the ammonia group cleaved from glutamine, binds all of the remaining substrates and effectors, and carries out all of the other catalytic events.
5952 cAMP-dependent protein kinase complex C An enzyme complex, composed of regulatory and catalytic subunits, that catalyzes protein phosphorylation. Inactive forms of the enzyme have two regulatory chains and two catalytic chains; activation by cAMP produces two active catalytic monomers and a regulatory dimer.
5953 CAAX-protein geranylgeranyltransferase complex C A heterodimeric enzyme, composed of an alpha and a beta subunit. Participates in the post-translational C-terminal modification of several small GTPases, allowing their targeting to the membrane.
5954 calcium- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase complex C An enzyme complex which in eukaryotes is composed of four different chains: alpha, beta, gamma, and delta. The different isoforms assemble into homo- or heteromultimeric holoenzymes composed of 8 to 12 subunits. Catalyzes the phosphorylation of proteins to O-phosphoproteins.
5955 calcineurin complex C A heterodimeric calcium ion and calmodulin dependent protein phosphatase composed of catalytic and regulatory subunits; the regulatory subunit is very similar in sequence to calmodulin.
5956 protein kinase CK2 complex C A protein complex that possesses protein serine/threonine kinase activity, and contains two catalytic alpha subunits and two regulatory beta subunits. Protein kinase CK2 complexes are found in nearly every subcellular compartment, and can phosphorylate many protein substrates in addition to casein.
5958 DNA-dependent protein kinase-DNA ligase 4 complex C A large protein complex which is involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks and, in mammals, V(D)J recombination events. It consists of the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), the DNA end-binding heterodimer Ku, the nuclear phosphoprotein XRCC4 or a homolog thereof, and DNA ligase IV.
5960 glycine cleavage complex C A protein complex that catalyzes the reversible oxidation of glycine. In E. coli, it has four components: dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating), lipoyl-GcvH-protein and aminomethyltransferase, also known as L, P, H, and T.
5962 mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase complex (NAD+) C Mitochondrial complex that possesses isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity.
5963 magnesium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase complex C An enzyme complex that catalyzes the removal of serine- or threonine-bound phosphate groups from a wide range of phosphoproteins, including a number of enzymes that have been phosphorylated under the action of a kinase.
5964 phosphorylase kinase complex C An enzyme complex that catalyzes the phosphorylation of phosphorylase b to form phosphorylase a.
5965 protein farnesyltransferase complex C A protein complex that possesses protein farnesyltransferase activity.
5966 cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase complex C An enzyme complex that catalyzes the hydrolysis of bonds in a cyclic nucleotide.
5967 mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex C Complex that carries out the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl-CoA in eukaryotes; includes subunits possessing three catalytic activities: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (E2), and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). The This Eukaryotic form usually contains more subunits than its bacterial counterpart; for example, one known complex contains 30 E1 dimers, 60 E2 monomers, and 6 E3 dimers as well as a few copies of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase and pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase.
5968 Rab-protein geranylgeranyltransferase complex C A heterodimeric enzyme complex, which in mammals is composed of an alpha and a beta subunit, and which associates with an accessory protein Rep (Rab escort protein). Catalyzes of the transfer of a geranyl-geranyl group from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate to a Rab protein.
5969 serine-pyruvate aminotransferase complex C An enzyme complex that catalyzes the formation of hydroxypyruvate and alanine from serine and pyruvate.
5971 ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase complex C An enzyme complex composed of 2-4 or more subunits, which usually contains nonheme iron and requires ATP for catalysis. Catalyzes the formation of 2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate from ribonucleoside diphosphate, using either thioredoxin disulfide or glutaredoxin disulfide as an acceptor.
5975 carbohydrate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. Includes the formation of carbohydrate derivatives by the addition of a carbohydrate residue to another molecule.
5976 polysaccharide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically.
5977 glycogen metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues in alpha-(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha-(1->6) glycosidic linkages.
5978 glycogen biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues.
5979 regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen.
5980 glycogen catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues.
5981 regulation of glycogen catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen.
5982 starch metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving starch, the most important reserve polysaccharide in plants. It is a glucan consisting of two components, amylose and amylopectin, which are both glucose homopolymers. Starch is synthesized as a temporary storage form of carbon and can be catabolized to produce sucrose.
5983 starch catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of starch, the most important reserve polysaccharide in plants.
5984 disaccharide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving any disaccharide, sugars composed of two monosaccharide units.
5985 sucrose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving sucrose, the disaccharide fructofuranosyl-glucopyranoside.
5986 sucrose biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sucrose, the disaccharide fructofuranosyl-glucopyranoside.
5987 sucrose catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sucrose, the disaccharide fructofuranosyl-glucopyranoside.
5988 lactose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving lactose, the disaccharide galactopyranosyl-glucose.
5989 lactose biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactose, the disaccharide galactopyranosyl-glucose.
5990 lactose catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lactose, the disaccharide galactopyranosyl-glucose.
5991 trehalose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving trehalose, a disaccharide isomeric with sucrose and obtained from certain lichens and fungi.
5992 trehalose biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of trehalose, a disaccharide isomeric with sucrose and obtained from certain lichens and fungi.
5993 trehalose catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of trehalose, a disaccharide isomeric with sucrose and obtained from certain lichens and fungi.
5994 melibiose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving melibiose, the disaccharide 6-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose.
5995 melibiose catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of melibiose, the disaccharide 6-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose.
5996 monosaccharide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving monosaccharides, the simplest carbohydrates. They are polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms. They form the constitutional repeating units of oligo- and polysaccharides.
5997 xylulose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylulose, the ketopentose threo-2-pentulose.
5998 xylulose catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xylulose, the ketopentose threo-2-pentulose.
5999 xylulose biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xylulose, the ketopentose threo-2-pentulose.
6000 fructose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructose, the ketohexose arabino-2-hexulose. Fructose exists in a open chain form or as a ring compound. D-fructose is the sweetest of the sugars and is found free in a large number of fruits and honey.
6001 fructose catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructose, the ketohexose arabino-2-hexulose.
6002 fructose 6-phosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructose 6-phosphate, also known as F6P. The D-enantiomer is an important intermediate in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and fructose metabolism.
6003 fructose 2,6-bisphosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. The D enantiomer is an important regulator of the glycolytic and gluconeogenic pathways. It inhibits fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase and activates phosphofructokinase.
6004 fucose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving fucose, or 6-deoxygalactose, which has two enantiomers, D-fucose and L-fucose.
6005 L-fucose biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-fucose (6-deoxy-L-galactose).
6006 glucose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. D-glucose is dextrorotatory and is sometimes known as dextrose; it is an important source of energy for living organisms and is found free as well as combined in homo- and hetero-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
6007 glucose catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose.
6009 glucose 1-phosphate phosphorylation P The process of introducing a phosphate group into glucose 1-phosphate to produce glucose bisphosphate.
6011 UDP-glucose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-glucose, uridinediphosphoglucose, a substance composed of glucose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
6012 galactose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactose, the aldohexose galacto-hexose. D-galactose is widely distributed in combined form in plants, animals and microorganisms as a constituent of oligo- and polysaccharides; it also occurs in galactolipids and as its glucoside in lactose and melibiose.
6013 mannose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannose, the aldohexose manno-hexose, the C-2 epimer of glucose. The D-(+)-form is widely distributed in mannans and hemicelluloses and is of major importance in the core oligosaccharide of N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins.
6014 D-ribose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-ribose (ribo-pentose). As beta-D-ribofuranose, D-ribose forms the glycose group of all ribonucleosides, ribonucleotides and ribonucleic acids, and also of ribose phosphates, various glycosides, some coenzymes and some forms of vitamin B12.
6015 5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate, also known as 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate.
6016 2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 1-phospho-2-deoxyribose.
6017 deoxyribose 1,5-bisphosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of deoxyribose 1,5-bisphosphate, the diphosphorylated sugar 1,5-diphospho-2-deoxyribose.
6018 2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxyribose 1-phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 1-phospho-2-deoxyribose.
6019 deoxyribose 5-phosphate phosphorylation P The process of introducing a phosphate group into deoxyribose 5-phosphate to produce deoxyribose bisphosphate.
6020 inositol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving inositol, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, a growth factor for animals and microorganisms.
6021 inositol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of inositol, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, a growth factor for animals and microorganisms.
6022 aminoglycan metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving aminoglycans, any polymer containing amino groups that consists of more than about 10 monosaccharide residues joined to each other by glycosidic linkages.
6023 aminoglycan biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aminoglycans, any polymer containing amino groups that consists of more than about 10 monosaccharide residues joined to each other by glycosidic linkages.
6024 glycosaminoglycan biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosaminoglycans, any of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars.
6025 galactosaminoglycan biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactosaminoglycans, any of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars derived from the galactose.
6026 aminoglycan catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aminoglycans, any polymer containing amino groups that consists of more than about 10 monosaccharide residues joined to each other by glycosidic linkages.
6027 glycosaminoglycan catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycosaminoglycans, any one of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars.
6028 galactosaminoglycan catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactosaminoglycans, any of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars derived from the galactose.
6029 proteoglycan metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving proteoglycans, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.
6030 chitin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues.
6031 chitin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues.
6032 chitin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues.
6033 chitin localization P A process in which chitin is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
6034 cuticle chitin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving cuticle chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in cuticles.
6035 cuticle chitin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cuticle chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in cuticles.
6036 cuticle chitin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cuticle chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in cuticles.
6037 cell wall chitin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving cell wall chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in the walls of cells.
6038 cell wall chitin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cell wall chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in the walls of cells.
6039 cell wall chitin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cell wall chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in the walls of cells.
6040 amino sugar metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving any amino sugar, sugars containing an amino group in place of a hydroxyl group.
6041 glucosamine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucosamine (2-amino-2-deoxyglucopyranose), an aminodeoxysugar that occurs in combined form in chitin.
6042 glucosamine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosamine (2-amino-2-deoxyglucopyranose), an aminodeoxysugar that occurs in combined form in chitin.
6043 glucosamine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucosamine (2-amino-2-deoxyglucopyranose), an aminodeoxysugar that occurs in combined form in chitin.
6044 N-acetylglucosamine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-acetylglucosamine. The D isomer is a common structural unit of glycoproteins in plants, bacteria and animals; it is often the terminal sugar of an oligosaccharide group of a glycoprotein.
6045 N-acetylglucosamine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of N-acetylglucosamine. The D isomer is a common structural unit of glycoproteins in plants, bacteria and animals; it is often the terminal sugar of an oligosaccharide group of a glycoprotein.
6046 N-acetylglucosamine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N-acetylglucosamine. The D isomer is a common structural unit of glycoproteins in plants, bacteria and animals; it is often the terminal sugar of an oligosaccharide group of a glycoprotein.
6047 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylglucosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
6048 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylglucosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
6049 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylglucosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
6050 mannosamine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannosomine, 2-amino-2-deoxymannose; the D-isomer is a constituent of neuraminic acids as well as mucolipids and mucoproteins.
6051 N-acetylmannosamine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-acetylmannosamine, the acetylated derivative of mannosamine, 2-amino-2-deoxymannose.
6052 N-acetylmannosamine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of N-acetylmannosamine, the acetylated derivative of mannosamine, 2-amino-2-deoxymannose.
6053 N-acetylmannosamine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N-acetylmannosamine, the acetylated derivative of mannosamine, 2-amino-2-deoxymannose.
6054 N-acetylneuraminate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-acetylneuraminate, the anion of 5-(acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-3-ulosonic acid.
6055 CMP-N-acetylneuraminate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CMP-N-acetylneuraminate, a substance composed of 5-(acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-3-ulosonic acid in glycosidic linkage with cytidine monophosphate.
6056 mannoprotein metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound mannose residues.
6057 mannoprotein biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mannoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound mannose residues.
6058 mannoprotein catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mannoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound mannose residues.
6059 hexitol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving hexitols, any alditol with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.
6060 sorbitol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving sorbitol (D-glucitol), one of the ten stereoisomeric hexitols. It can be derived from glucose by reduction of the aldehyde group.
6061 sorbitol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sorbitol (D-glucitol), one of the ten stereoisomeric hexitols. It can be derived from glucose by reduction of the aldehyde group.
6062 sorbitol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sorbitol (D-glucitol), one of the ten stereoisomeric hexitols. It can be derived from glucose by reduction of the aldehyde group.
6063 uronic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving uronic acid, any monocarboxylic acid formally derived by oxidizing to a carboxyl group the terminal hydroxymethylene group of either an aldose with four or more carbon atoms in the molecule, or of any glycoside derived from such an aldose.
6064 glucuronate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucuronate, any salt or ester of glucuronic acid.
6065 UDP-glucuronate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-glucuronate, a substance composed of glucuronic acid in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
6066 alcohol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom.
6067 ethanol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethanol, CH3-CH2-OH, a colorless, water-miscible, flammable liquid produced by alcoholic fermentation.
6068 ethanol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ethanol, CH3-CH2-OH, a colorless, water-miscible, flammable liquid produced by alcoholic fermentation.
6069 ethanol oxidation P An ethanol metabolic process in which ethanol is converted to acetyl-CoA via acetaldehyde and acetate.
6070 octanol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving octanol, the 8-carbon alcohol with the formula C8H17OH.
6071 glycerol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids.
6072 glycerol-3-phosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerol-3-phosphate, a phosphoric monoester of glycerol.
6073 cellular glucan metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues, occurring at the level of an individual cell.
6074 (1->3)-beta-D-glucan metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds.
6075 (1->3)-beta-D-glucan biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds.
6076 (1->3)-beta-D-glucan catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans.
6077 (1->6)-beta-D-glucan metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->6)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->6)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds.
6078 (1->6)-beta-D-glucan biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->6)-beta-D-glucans.
6079 (1->6)-beta-D-glucan catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (1->6)-beta-D-glucans.
6080 substituted mannan metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a mannan backbone composed of D-mannose unites, substituted with D-glucose and/or D-galactose units.
6081 cellular aldehyde metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving aldehydes, any organic compound with the formula R-CH=O, as carried out by individual cells.
6082 organic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage.
6083 acetate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetate, the anion of acetic acid.
6084 acetyl-CoA metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetyl-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated; it is a metabolite derived from several pathways (e.g. glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, amino-acid catabolism) and is further metabolized by the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It is a key intermediate in lipid and terpenoid biosynthesis.
6085 acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated.
6086 acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from pyruvate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA from pyruvate.
6089 lactate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving lactate, the anion of lactic acid.
6090 pyruvate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyruvate, 2-oxopropanoate.
6091 generation of precursor metabolites and energy P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and any process involved in the liberation of energy from these substances.
6094 gluconeogenesis P The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors, such as pyruvate, amino acids and glycerol.
6096 glycolytic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a carbohydrate into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP and the reduction of NAD(P) to NAD(P)H. Glycolysis begins with the metabolism of a carbohydrate to generate products that can enter the pathway and ends with the production of pyruvate. Pyruvate may be converted to acetyl-coenzyme A, ethanol, lactate, or other small molecules.
6097 glyoxylate cycle P A modification of the TCA cycle occurring in some plants and microorganisms, in which isocitrate is cleaved to glyoxylate and succinate. Glyoxylate can then react with acetyl-CoA to form malate.
6098 pentose-phosphate shunt P The glucose-6-phosphate catabolic process in which, coupled to NADPH synthesis, glucose-6-P is oxidized with the formation of carbon dioxide (CO2) and ribulose 5-phosphate; ribulose 5-P then enters a series of reactions interconverting sugar phosphates. The pentose phosphate pathway is a major source of reducing equivalents for biosynthesis reactions and is also important for the conversion of hexoses to pentoses.
6099 tricarboxylic acid cycle P A nearly universal metabolic pathway in which the acetyl group of acetyl coenzyme A is effectively oxidized to two CO2 and four pairs of electrons are transferred to coenzymes. The acetyl group combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate, which undergoes successive transformations to isocitrate, 2-oxoglutarate, succinyl-CoA, succinate, fumarate, malate, and oxaloacetate again, thus completing the cycle. In eukaryotes the tricarboxylic acid is confined to the mitochondria. See also glyoxylate cycle.
6101 citrate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving citrate, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboyxlate. Citrate is widely distributed in nature and is an important intermediate in the TCA cycle and the glyoxylate cycle.
6102 isocitrate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving isocitrate, the anion of isocitric acid, 1-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid. Isocitrate is an important intermediate in the TCA cycle and the glycoxylate cycle.
6103 2-oxoglutarate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving oxoglutarate, the dianion of 2-oxoglutaric acid. It is a key constituent of the TCA cycle and a key intermediate in amino-acid metabolism.
6104 succinyl-CoA metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving succinyl-CoA, a compound composed of the monovalent acyl group 3-carboxypropanoyl, derived from succinic acid by loss of one OH group, linked to coenzyme A.
6105 succinate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving succinate, also known as butanedioate or ethane dicarboxylate, the dianion of succinic acid. Succinate is an important intermediate in metabolism and a component of the TCA cycle.
6106 fumarate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving fumarate, the anion of trans-1,2-ethenedicarboxylic acid, the diastereoisomer of maleate. It is a key intermediate in metabolism and is formed in the TCA cycle from succinate and converted into malate.
6107 oxaloacetate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving oxaloacetate, the anion of oxobutanedioic acid, an important intermediate in metabolism, especially as a component of the TCA cycle.
6108 malate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving malate, the anion of hydroxybutanedioic acid, a chiral hydroxydicarboxylic acid. The (+) enantiomer is an important intermediate in metabolism as a component of both the TCA cycle and the glyoxylate cycle.
6109 regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates.
6110 regulation of glycolytic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis.
6111 regulation of gluconeogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis, the formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors, such as pyruvate, amino acids and glycerol.
6112 energy reserve metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways by which a cell derives energy from stored compounds such as fats or glycogen.
6113 fermentation P The anaerobic enzymatic conversion of organic compounds, especially carbohydrates, coupling the oxidation and reduction of NAD/H and the generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
6114 glycerol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids.
6115 ethanol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ethanol, CH3-CH2-OH, a colorless, water-miscible, flammable liquid produced by alcoholic fermentation.
6116 NADH oxidation P A metabolic process that results in the oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADH, to the oxidized form, NAD.
6117 acetaldehyde metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetaldehyde, a colorless, flammable liquid intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol.
6119 oxidative phosphorylation P The phosphorylation of ADP to ATP that accompanies the oxidation of a metabolite through the operation of the respiratory chain. Oxidation of compounds establishes a proton gradient across the membrane, providing the energy for ATP synthesis.
6120 mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone P The transfer of electrons from NADH to ubiquinone that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, mediated by the multisubunit enzyme known as complex I.
6121 mitochondrial electron transport, succinate to ubiquinone P The transfer of electrons from succinate to ubiquinone that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, mediated by the multisubunit enzyme known as complex II.
6122 mitochondrial electron transport, ubiquinol to cytochrome c P The transfer of electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome c that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, mediated by the multisubunit enzyme known as complex III.
6123 mitochondrial electron transport, cytochrome c to oxygen P The transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to oxygen that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, mediated by the multisubunit enzyme known as complex IV.
6124 ferredoxin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving ferredoxin, any simple, nonenzymatic iron-sulfur protein that is characterized by having equal numbers of atoms of iron and labile sulfur. Iron and sulfur atoms are present in one or two clusters of two or four atoms of each.
6127 glycerophosphate shuttle P The process of transferring reducing equivalents from the cytosol into the mitochondria; NADH is used to synthesise glycerol 3-phosphate in the cytosol; this compound is then transported into the mitochondria where it is converted to dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) using FAD; DHAP then returns to the cytosol to complete the cycle.
6139 nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process P Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.
6140 regulation of nucleotide metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleotides.
6141 regulation of purine nucleobase metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving purines.
6142 regulation of pyrimidine nucleobase metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine nucleobases.
6144 purine nucleobase metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, which include adenine and guanine.
6145 purine nucleobase catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, which include adenine and guanine.
6146 adenine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of adenine, 6-aminopurine, one of the 5 main bases found in nucleic acids and a component of numerous important derivatives of its corresponding ribonucleoside, adenosine.
6147 guanine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guanine, 2-amino-6-hydroxypurine, a purine that is one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids and a component of a number of phosphorylated guanosine derivatives whose metabolic or regulatory functions are important.
6148 inosine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of inosine, hypoxanthine riboside, a nucleoside found free but not in combination in nucleic acids except in the anticodons of some tRNAs.
6149 deoxyinosine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxyinosine, hypoxanthine deoxyriboside.
6150 hypoxanthine oxidation P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hypoxanthine to xanthine and thence to uric acid.
6151 xanthine oxidation P The oxidation of xanthine, 2,6-dihydroxypurine, a purine formed in the metabolic breakdown of guanine but not present in nucleic acids.
6152 purine nucleoside catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
6154 adenosine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of adenosine, adenine riboside, a ribonucleoside found widely distributed in cells of every type as the free nucleoside and in combination in nucleic acids and various nucleoside coenzymes.
6157 deoxyadenosine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxyadenosine, 2-deoxyribosyladenine, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.
6161 deoxyguanosine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxyguanosine, a nucleoside consisting of the base guanine and the sugar deoxyribose.
6163 purine nucleotide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
6164 purine nucleotide biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
6165 nucleoside diphosphate phosphorylation P The process of introducing a phosphate group into a nucleoside diphosphate to produce a nucleoside triphosphate.
6166 purine ribonucleoside salvage P Any process which produces a purine nucleoside from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
6167 AMP biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of AMP, adenosine monophosphate.
6168 adenine salvage P Any process that generates adenine, 6-aminopurine, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
6169 adenosine salvage P Any process that generates adenosine, adenine riboside, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
6170 dAMP biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dAMP, deoxyadenosine monophosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate).
6171 cAMP biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).
6172 ADP biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ADP, adenosine 5'-diphosphate.
6173 dADP biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dADP, deoxyadenosine diphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-diphosphate).
6174 dADP phosphorylation P The process of introducing a phosphate group into dADP, deoxyadenosine diphosphate, to produce dATP.
6175 dATP biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dATP, deoxyadenosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate).
6176 dATP biosynthetic process from ADP P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dATP, deoxyadenosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate) from other compounds, including ADP, adenosine diphosphate.
6177 GMP biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GMP, guanosine monophosphate.
6178 guanine salvage P Any process that generates guanine, 2-amino-6-hydroxypurine, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
6179 guanosine salvage P Any process that generates guanosine, guanine riboside, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
6180 deoxyguanosine salvage P Any process that generates deoxyguanosine from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
6181 dGMP biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dGMP, deoxyguanosine monophosphate (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate).
6182 cGMP biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-phosphate.
6183 GTP biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GTP, guanosine triphosphate.
6185 dGDP biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dGDP, deoxyguanosine diphosphate, (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-diphosphate).
6186 dGDP phosphorylation P The process of introducing a phosphate group into dGDP, deoxyguanosine diphosphate, to produce dGTP.
6187 dGTP biosynthetic process from dGDP P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dGTP, deoxyguanosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate) from other compounds, including gGDP, deoxyguanosine diphosphate.
6188 IMP biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of IMP, inosine monophosphate.
6189 'de novo' IMP biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of IMP, inosine monophosphate, by the stepwise assembly of a purine ring on ribose 5-phosphate.
6190 inosine salvage P Any process that generates inosine, hypoxanthine riboside, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
6191 deoxyinosine salvage P Any process that generates deoxyinosine from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
6192 IDP phosphorylation P The process of introducing a phosphate group into IDP, inosine (5'-)diphosphate, to produce ITP.
6193 ITP catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ITP, inosine (5'-)triphosphate.
6194 dIDP phosphorylation P The process of introducing a phosphate group into dIDP, deoxyinosine diphosphate, to produce dITP.
6195 purine nucleotide catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
6196 AMP catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of AMP, adenosine monophosphate.
6198 cAMP catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).
6201 GMP catabolic process to IMP P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guanosine monophosphate into other compounds, including inosine monophosphate.
6202 GMP catabolic process to guanine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guanosine monophosphate into other compounds, including guanine.
6203 dGTP catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dGTP, guanosine triphosphate.
6204 IMP catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of IMP, inosine monophosphate.
6206 pyrimidine nucleobase metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine nucleobases, 1,3-diazine, organic nitrogenous bases.
6207 'de novo' pyrimidine nucleobase biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine nucleobases, 1,3-diazine, organic nitrogenous bases, beginning with the synthesis of a pyrimidine ring from simpler precursors.
6208 pyrimidine nucleobase catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine nucleobases, 1,3-diazine, organic nitrogenous bases.
6209 cytosine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cytosine, 4-amino-2-hydroxypyrimidine, a pyrimidine derivative that is one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids; it occurs widely in cytidine derivatives.
6210 thymine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of thymine, 5-methyluracil, one of the two major pyrimidine bases present (as thymidine) in DNA but not found in RNA other than (as ribothymidine) in transfer RNA, where it is a minor base.
6211 5-methylcytosine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 5-methylcytosine, a methylated base of DNA.
6212 uracil catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of uracil, 2,4-dioxopyrimidine, one of the pyrimidine bases occurring in RNA, but not in DNA.
6213 pyrimidine nucleoside metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving any pyrimidine nucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
6214 thymidine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of thymidine, deoxyribosylthymine thymine 2-deoxyriboside, a deoxynucleoside very widely distributed but occurring almost entirely as phosphoric esters in deoxynucleotides and deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA.
6216 cytidine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cytidine, cytosine riboside, a widely distributed nucleoside.
6217 deoxycytidine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxycytidine, 2-deoxyribosylcytosine, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.
6218 uridine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of uridine, uracil riboside, a ribonucleoside very widely distributed but occurring almost entirely as phosphoric esters in ribonucleotides and ribonucleic acids.
6219 deoxyuridine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxyuridine, 2-deoxyribosyluracil, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.
6220 pyrimidine nucleotide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyrimidine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
6221 pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyrimidine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
6222 UMP biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UMP, uridine monophosphate.
6223 uracil salvage P Any process that generates uracil, 2,4-dioxopyrimidine, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
6225 UDP biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP, uridine (5'-)diphosphate.
6226 dUMP biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dUMP, deoxyuridine monophosphate (2'-deoxyuridine 5'-phosphate).
6227 dUDP biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dUDP, deoxyuridine diphosphate (2'-deoxy-5'-uridylyl phosphate).
6228 UTP biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UTP, uridine (5'-)triphosphate.
6229 dUTP biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dUTP, deoxyuridine (5'-)triphosphate.
6230 TMP biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TMP, ribosylthymine monophosphate.
6231 dTMP biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dTMP, deoxyribosylthymine monophosphate (2'-deoxyribosylthymine 5'-phosphate).
6232 TDP biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TDP, ribosylthymine diphosphate.
6233 dTDP biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dTDP, deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate (2'-deoxyribosylthymine5'-diphosphate).
6234 TTP biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TTP, ribosylthymine triphosphate.
6235 dTTP biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dTTP, deoxyribosylthymine triphosphate.
6236 cytidine salvage P Any process that generates cytidine, cytosine riboside, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
6237 deoxycytidine salvage P Any process that generates deoxycytidine, 2-deoxyribosylcytosine, from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
6238 CMP salvage P Any process that generates CMP, cytidine monophosphate, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
6239 dCMP salvage P Any process that generates dCMP, deoxycytidine monophosphate from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
6240 dCDP biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dCDP, deoxycytidine 5'-diphosphate.
6241 CTP biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CTP, cytidine 5'-triphosphate.
6242 dCTP biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dCTP, deoxycytidine triphosphate.
6244 pyrimidine nucleotide catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pyrimidine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
6245 TDP catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of TDP, ribosylthymine diphosphate.
6246 dTDP catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dTDP, deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate.
6248 CMP catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of CMP, cytidine monophosphate.
6249 dCMP catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dCMP, deoxycytidine monophosphate.
6251 dCDP catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dCDP, deoxycytidine 5'-diphosphate.
6253 dCTP catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dCTP, deoxycytidine triphosphate.
6254 CTP catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of CTP, cytidine 5'-triphosphate.
6256 UDP catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UDP, uridine (5'-)diphosphate.
6257 dUDP catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dUDP, deoxyuridine (5'-)diphosphate.
6258 UDP-glucose catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UDP-glucose, uridinediphosphoglucose, a substance composed of glucose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
6259 DNA metabolic process P Any cellular metabolic process involving deoxyribonucleic acid. This is one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from one, or more commonly, two, strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides.
6260 DNA replication P The cellular metabolic process in which a cell duplicates one or more molecules of DNA. DNA replication begins when specific sequences, known as origins of replication, are recognized and bound by initiation proteins, and ends when the original DNA molecule has been completely duplicated and the copies topologically separated. The unit of replication usually corresponds to the genome of the cell, an organelle, or a virus. The template for replication can either be an existing DNA molecule or RNA.
6261 DNA-dependent DNA replication P A DNA replication process that uses parental DNA as a template for the DNA-dependent DNA polymerases that synthesize the new strands.
6264 mitochondrial DNA replication P The process in which new strands of DNA are synthesized in the mitochondrion.
6265 DNA topological change P The process in which a transformation is induced in the topological structure of a double-stranded DNA helix, resulting in a change in linking number.
6266 DNA ligation P The re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase.
6267 pre-replicative complex assembly involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the nuclear pre-replicative complex, a protein-DNA complex that forms at the eukaryotic DNA replication origin and is required for replication initiation.
6268 DNA unwinding involved in DNA replication P The process in which interchain hydrogen bonds between two strands of DNA are broken or 'melted', generating unpaired template strands for DNA replication.
6269 DNA replication, synthesis of RNA primer P The synthesis of a short RNA polymer, usually 4-15 nucleotides long, using one strand of unwound DNA as a template; the RNA then serves as a primer from which DNA polymerases extend synthesis.
6270 DNA replication initiation P The process in which DNA-dependent DNA replication is started; this involves the separation of a stretch of the DNA double helix, the recruitment of DNA polymerases and the initiation of polymerase action.
6271 DNA strand elongation involved in DNA replication P The process in which a DNA strand is synthesized from template DNA during replication by the action of polymerases, which add nucleotides to the 3' end of the nascent DNA strand.
6272 leading strand elongation P The synthesis of DNA from a template strand in the 5' to 3' direction; leading strand elongation is continuous as it proceeds in the same direction as the replication fork.
6273 lagging strand elongation P The synthesis of DNA from a template strand in a net 3' to 5' direction. Lagging strand DNA elongation proceeds by discontinuous synthesis of short stretches of DNA, known as Okazaki fragments, from RNA primers; these fragments are then joined by DNA ligase. Although each segment of nascent DNA is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction, the overall direction of lagging strand synthesis is 3' to 5', mirroring the progress of the replication fork.
6274 DNA replication termination P The process in which DNA replication at a replication fork ceases; occurs when the replication fork reaches a specific termination site or when two replication forks meet.
6275 regulation of DNA replication P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication.
6276 plasmid maintenance P The maintenance of the integrity of extrachromosomal plasmid DNA; includes processes that ensure plasmids are retained in the daughter cells after cell division.
6277 DNA amplification P The process in which the number of copies of a gene is increased in certain cells as extra copies of DNA are made in response to certain signals of cell development or of stress from the environment.
6278 RNA-dependent DNA biosynthetic process P A DNA biosynthetic process that uses RNA as a template for RNA-dependent DNA polymerases (e.g. reverse transcriptase) that synthesize the new strand.
6279 premeiotic DNA replication P The replication of DNA that precedes meiotic cell division.
6281 DNA repair P The process of restoring DNA after damage. Genomes are subject to damage by chemical and physical agents in the environment (e.g. UV and ionizing radiations, chemical mutagens, fungal and bacterial toxins, etc.) and by free radicals or alkylating agents endogenously generated in metabolism. DNA is also damaged because of errors during its replication. A variety of different DNA repair pathways have been reported that include direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway.
6282 regulation of DNA repair P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA repair.
6283 transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair P The nucleotide-excision repair process that carries out preferential repair of DNA lesions on the actively transcribed strand of the DNA duplex. In addition, the transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair pathway is required for the recognition and repair of a small subset of lesions that are not recognized by the global genome nucleotide excision repair pathway.
6284 base-excision repair P In base excision repair, an altered base is removed by a DNA glycosylase enzyme, followed by excision of the resulting sugar phosphate. The small gap left in the DNA helix is filled in by the sequential action of DNA polymerase and DNA ligase.
6285 base-excision repair, AP site formation P The formation of an AP site, a deoxyribose sugar with a missing base, by DNA glycosylase which recognizes an altered base in DNA and catalyzes its hydrolytic removal. This sugar phosphate is the substrate recognized by the AP endonuclease, which cuts the DNA phosphodiester backbone at the 5' side of the altered site to leave a gap which is subsequently repaired.
6286 base-excision repair, base-free sugar-phosphate removal P Excision of the sugar phosphate residue at an AP site, i.e. a deoxyribose sugar with a missing base, by a phosphodiesterase enzyme.
6287 base-excision repair, gap-filling P Repair of the damaged strand by the combined action of an apurinic endouclease that degrades a few bases on the damaged strand and a polymerase that synthesizes a 'patch' in the 5' to 3' direction, using the undamaged strand as a template.
6288 base-excision repair, DNA ligation P The ligation by DNA ligase of DNA strands. Ligation occurs after polymerase action to fill the gap left by the action of endonucleases during base-excision repair.
6289 nucleotide-excision repair P A DNA repair process in which a small region of the strand surrounding the damage is removed from the DNA helix as an oligonucleotide. The small gap left in the DNA helix is filled in by the sequential action of DNA polymerase and DNA ligase. Nucleotide excision repair recognizes a wide range of substrates, including damage caused by UV irradiation (pyrimidine dimers and 6-4 photoproducts) and chemicals (intrastrand cross-links and bulky adducts).
6290 pyrimidine dimer repair P The repair of UV-induced T-T, C-T and C-C dimers.
6293 nucleotide-excision repair, preincision complex stabilization P The stabilization of the multiprotein complex involved in damage recognition, DNA helix unwinding, and endonucleolytic cleavage at the site of DNA damage as well as the unwound DNA. The stabilization of the protein-DNA complex ensures proper positioning of the preincision complex before the phosphodiester backbone of the damaged strand is cleaved 3' and 5' of the site of DNA damage.
6294 nucleotide-excision repair, preincision complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on DNA to form the multiprotein complex involved in damage recognition, DNA helix unwinding, and endonucleolytic cleavage at the site of DNA damage. This assembly occurs before the phosphodiester backbone of the damaged strand is cleaved 3' and 5' of the site of DNA damage.
6295 nucleotide-excision repair, DNA incision, 3'-to lesion P The endonucleolytic cleavage of the damaged strand of DNA 3' to the site of damage. The incision occurs at the junction of single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA that is formed when the DNA duplex is unwound. The incision precedes the incision formed 5' to the site of damage.
6296 nucleotide-excision repair, DNA incision, 5'-to lesion P The endonucleolytic cleavage of the damaged strand of DNA 5' to the site of damage. The incision occurs at the junction of single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA that is formed when the DNA duplex is unwound. The incision follows the incision formed 3' to the site of damage.
6297 nucleotide-excision repair, DNA gap filling P Repair of the gap in the DNA helix by DNA polymerase and DNA ligase after the portion of the strand containing the lesion has been removed by pyrimidine-dimer repair enzymes.
6298 mismatch repair P A system for the correction of errors in which an incorrect base, which cannot form hydrogen bonds with the corresponding base in the parent strand, is incorporated into the daughter strand. The mismatch repair system promotes genomic fidelity by repairing base-base mismatches, insertion-deletion loops and heterologies generated during DNA replication and recombination.
6301 postreplication repair P The conversion of DNA-damage induced single-stranded gaps into large molecular weight DNA after replication. Includes pathways that remove replication-blocking lesions in conjunction with DNA replication.
6302 double-strand break repair P The repair of double-strand breaks in DNA via homologous and nonhomologous mechanisms to reform a continuous DNA helix.
6303 double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining P The repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the two broken ends are rejoined with little or no sequence complementarity. Information at the DNA ends may be lost due to the modification of broken DNA ends. This term covers instances of separate pathways, called classical (or canonical) and alternative nonhomologous end joining (C-NHEJ and A-NHEJ). These in turn may further branch into sub-pathways, but evidence is still unclear.
6304 DNA modification P The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotide sites in DNA, resulting in a change in its properties.
6305 DNA alkylation P The addition of alkyl groups to many positions on all four bases of DNA. Alkylating agents can also modify the bases of incoming nucleotides in the course of DNA synthesis.
6306 DNA methylation P The covalent transfer of a methyl group to either N-6 of adenine or C-5 or N-4 of cytosine.
6307 DNA dealkylation involved in DNA repair P The repair of alkylation damage, e.g. the removal of the alkyl group at the O6-position of guanine by O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT).
6308 DNA catabolic process P The cellular DNA metabolic process resulting in the breakdown of DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long unbranched macromolecule formed from one or two strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides, the 3'-phosphate group of each constituent deoxyribonucleotide being joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage to the 5'-hydroxyl group of the deoxyribose moiety of the next one.
6309 apoptotic DNA fragmentation P The cleavage of DNA during apoptosis, which usually occurs in two stages: cleavage into fragments of about 50 kbp followed by cleavage between nucleosomes to yield 200 bp fragments.
6310 DNA recombination P Any process in which a new genotype is formed by reassortment of genes resulting in gene combinations different from those that were present in the parents. In eukaryotes genetic recombination can occur by chromosome assortment, intrachromosomal recombination, or nonreciprocal interchromosomal recombination. Intrachromosomal recombination occurs by crossing over. In bacteria it may occur by genetic transformation, conjugation, transduction, or F-duction.
6311 meiotic gene conversion P The cell cycle process in which genetic information is transferred from one helix to another. It often occurs in association with general genetic recombination events, and is believed to be a straightforward consequence of the mechanisms of general recombination and DNA repair. For example, meiosis might yield three copies of the maternal version of an allele and only one copy of the paternal allele, indicating that one of the two copies of the paternal allele has been changed to a copy of the maternal allele.
6312 mitotic recombination P The exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between one DNA molecule and a homologous region of DNA that occurs during mitotic cell cycles.
6313 transposition, DNA-mediated P Any process involved in a type of transpositional recombination which occurs via a DNA intermediate.
6314 intron homing P Lateral transfer of an intron to a homologous allele that lacks the intron, mediated by a site-specific endonuclease encoded within the mobile intron.
6315 homing of group II introns P Lateral transfer of a group II intron to a homologous allele that lacks the intron, mediated by a site-specific endonuclease encoded within the mobile intron; group II introns are self-splicing introns with a conserved secondary structure.
6316 movement of group I intron P Lateral transfer of a group I intron to a homologous allele that lacks the intron, mediated by a site-specific endonuclease encoded within the mobile intron; group I introns are self-splicing introns that use guanosine as a cofactor in the splicing reaction.
6323 DNA packaging P Any process in which DNA and associated proteins are formed into a compact, orderly structure.
6325 chromatin organization P Any process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the physical structure of eukaryotic chromatin.
6333 chromatin assembly or disassembly P The formation or destruction of chromatin structures.
6334 nucleosome assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a nucleosome, the beadlike structural units of eukaryotic chromatin composed of histones and DNA.
6335 DNA replication-dependent nucleosome assembly P The formation of nucleosomes on newly replicated DNA, coupled to strand elongation.
6336 DNA replication-independent nucleosome assembly P The formation of nucleosomes outside the context of DNA replication.
6337 nucleosome disassembly P The controlled breakdown of nucleosomes, the beadlike structural units of eukaryotic chromatin composed of histones and DNA.
6338 chromatin remodeling P Dynamic structural changes to eukaryotic chromatin occurring throughout the cell division cycle. These changes range from the local changes necessary for transcriptional regulation to global changes necessary for chromosome segregation.
6342 chromatin silencing P Repression of transcription by altering the structure of chromatin, e.g. by conversion of large regions of DNA into an inaccessible state often called heterochromatin.
6343 establishment of chromatin silencing P The initial formation of a transcriptionally silent chromatin structure such as heterochromatin.
6344 maintenance of chromatin silencing P The maintenance of chromatin in a transcriptionally silent state such as heterochromatin.
6346 methylation-dependent chromatin silencing P Repression of transcription by methylation of DNA, leading to the formation of heterochromatin.
6348 chromatin silencing at telomere P Repression of transcription of telomeric DNA by altering the structure of chromatin.
6349 regulation of gene expression by genetic imprinting P Heritable alterations in the activity of a gene that depend on whether it passed through the paternal or the maternal germline, but that are not encoded by DNA itself.
6351 transcription, DNA-templated P The cellular synthesis of RNA on a template of DNA.
6352 DNA-templated transcription, initiation P Any process involved in the assembly of the RNA polymerase preinitiation complex (PIC) at the core promoter region of a DNA template, resulting in the subsequent synthesis of RNA from that promoter. The initiation phase includes PIC assembly and the formation of the first few bonds in the RNA chain, including abortive initiation, which occurs when the first few nucleotides are repeatedly synthesized and then released. The initiation phase ends just before and does not include promoter clearance, or release, which is the transition between the initiation and elongation phases of transcription.
6353 DNA-templated transcription, termination P The cellular process that completes DNA-templated transcription; the formation of phosphodiester bonds ceases, the RNA-DNA hybrid dissociates, and RNA polymerase releases the DNA.
6354 DNA-templated transcription, elongation P The extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance at a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase promoter by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by an RNA polymerase.
6355 regulation of transcription, DNA-templated P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
6356 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase I promoter.
6357 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
6359 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA ploymerase III promoter.
6360 transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter P The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase I (RNAP I), originating at an RNAP I promoter.
6361 transcription initiation from RNA polymerase I promoter P Any process involved in the assembly of the RNA polymerase I preinitiation complex (PIC) at an RNA polymerase I promoter region of a DNA template, resulting in the subsequent synthesis of RNA from that promoter. The initiation phase includes PIC assembly and the formation of the first few bonds in the RNA chain, including abortive initiation, which occurs when the first few nucleotides are repeatedly synthesized and then released. Promoter clearance, or release, is the transition between the initiation and elongation phases of transcription.
6362 transcription elongation from RNA polymerase I promoter P The extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance at an RNA polymerase I specific promoter by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by RNA polymerase I.
6363 termination of RNA polymerase I transcription P The process in which the synthesis of an RNA molecule by RNA polymerase I using a DNA template is completed. RNAP I termination requires binding of a terminator protein so specific sequences downstream of the transcription unit.
6364 rRNA processing P Any process involved in the conversion of a primary ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcript into one or more mature rRNA molecules.
6366 transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter. Includes transcription of messenger RNA (mRNA) and certain small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs).
6367 transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process involved in the assembly of the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex (PIC) at an RNA polymerase II promoter region of a DNA template, resulting in the subsequent synthesis of RNA from that promoter. The initiation phase includes PIC assembly and the formation of the first few bonds in the RNA chain, including abortive initiation, which occurs when the first few nucleotides are repeatedly synthesized and then released. Promoter clearance, or release, is the transition between the initiation and elongation phases of transcription.
6368 transcription elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter P The extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance at an RNA polymerase II promoter by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by RNA polymerase II.
6369 termination of RNA polymerase II transcription P The process in which the synthesis of an RNA molecule by RNA polymerase II using a DNA template is completed.
6370 7-methylguanosine mRNA capping P Addition of the 7-methylguanosine cap to the 5' end of a nascent messenger RNA transcript.
6376 mRNA splice site selection P Selection of a splice site by components of the assembling spliceosome.
6378 mRNA polyadenylation P The enzymatic addition of a sequence of 40-200 adenylyl residues at the 3' end of a eukaryotic mRNA primary transcript.
6379 mRNA cleavage P Any process in which a pre-mRNA or mRNA molecule is cleaved at specific sites or in a regulated manner.
6382 adenosine to inosine editing P The conversion of an adenosine residue to inosine in an RNA molecule by deamination.
6383 transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter P The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase III, originating at an RNAP III promoter.
6384 transcription initiation from RNA polymerase III promoter P Any process involved in the assembly of the RNA polymerase III preinitiation complex (PIC) at an RNA polymerase III promoter region of a DNA template, resulting in the subsequent synthesis of RNA from that promoter. The initiation phase includes PIC assembly and the formation of the first few bonds in the RNA chain, including abortive initiation, which occurs when the first few nucleotides are repeatedly synthesized and then released. Promoter clearance, or release, is the transition between the initiation and elongation phases of transcription.
6385 transcription elongation from RNA polymerase III promoter P The extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance at an RNA polymerase III promoter by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by RNA polymerase III.
6386 termination of RNA polymerase III transcription P The process in which transcription by RNA polymerase III is terminated; Pol III has an intrinsic ability to terminate transcription upon incorporation of 4 to 6 contiguous U residues.
6388 tRNA splicing, via endonucleolytic cleavage and ligation P Splicing of tRNA substrates via recognition of the folded RNA structure that brings the 5' and 3' splice sites into proximity and cleavage of the RNA at both the 3' and 5' splice sites by an endonucleolytic mechanism, followed by ligation of the exons.
6390 transcription from mitochondrial promoter P The synthesis of RNA from a mitochondrial DNA template, usually by a specific mitochondrial RNA polymerase.
6391 transcription initiation from mitochondrial promoter P A transcription initiation process that takes place at a promoter on the mitochondrial chromosome, and results in RNA synthesis by a mitochondrial RNA polymerase.
6392 transcription elongation from mitochondrial promoter P The extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance at mitochondrial promoter by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by a mitchondrial RNA polymerase.
6393 termination of mitochondrial transcription P The process in which the synthesis of an RNA molecule using a mitochondrial DNA template is completed.
6396 RNA processing P Any process involved in the conversion of one or more primary RNA transcripts into one or more mature RNA molecules.
6397 mRNA processing P Any process involved in the conversion of a primary mRNA transcript into one or more mature mRNA(s) prior to translation into polypeptide.
6398 mRNA 3'-end processing by stem-loop binding and cleavage P Any mRNA 3'-end processing that involves the binding to and cleavage of a stem-loop structure. For example, histone mRNAs contain a highly conserved stem-loop sequence at the 3' end of the mRNA with a 6 base pairs (bp) stem and a 4-nt loop. The mRNA is cleaved between these two elements, after the fourth or fifth nucleotide, which is typically an adenosine.
6399 tRNA metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving tRNA, transfer RNA, a class of relatively small RNA molecules responsible for mediating the insertion of amino acids into the sequence of nascent polypeptide chains during protein synthesis. Transfer RNA is characterized by the presence of many unusual minor bases, the function of which has not been completely established.
6400 tRNA modification P The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within a tRNA molecule to produce a tRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.
6401 RNA catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage.
6402 mRNA catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mRNA, messenger RNA, which is responsible for carrying the coded genetic 'message', transcribed from DNA, to sites of protein assembly at the ribosomes.
6403 RNA localization P A process in which RNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
6404 RNA import into nucleus P The import of RNA from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
6405 RNA export from nucleus P The directed movement of RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
6406 mRNA export from nucleus P The directed movement of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
6407 rRNA export from nucleus P The directed movement of rRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm; the rRNA is usually in the form of ribonucleoproteins.
6408 snRNA export from nucleus P The directed movement of snRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
6409 tRNA export from nucleus P The directed movement of tRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
6412 translation P The cellular metabolic process in which a protein is formed, using the sequence of a mature mRNA molecule to specify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Translation is mediated by the ribosome, and begins with the formation of a ternary complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2, which subsequently associates with the small subunit of the ribosome and an mRNA. Translation ends with the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome.
6413 translational initiation P The process preceding formation of the peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a protein. This includes the formation of a complex of the ribosome, mRNA, and an initiation complex that contains the first aminoacyl-tRNA.
6414 translational elongation P The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis.
6415 translational termination P The process resulting in the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome, usually in response to a termination codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA in the universal genetic code).
6417 regulation of translation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA.
6418 tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation P The synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA, to be used in ribosome-mediated polypeptide synthesis.
6419 alanyl-tRNA aminoacylation P The process of coupling alanine to alanyl-tRNA, catalyzed by alanyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
6420 arginyl-tRNA aminoacylation P The process of coupling arginine to arginyl-tRNA, catalyzed by arginyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
6421 asparaginyl-tRNA aminoacylation P The process of coupling asparagine to asparaginyl-tRNA, catalyzed by asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
6422 aspartyl-tRNA aminoacylation P The process of coupling aspartate to aspartyl-tRNA, catalyzed by aspartyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
6423 cysteinyl-tRNA aminoacylation P The process of coupling cysteine to cysteinyl-tRNA, catalyzed by cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
6424 glutamyl-tRNA aminoacylation P The process of coupling glutamate to glutamyl-tRNA, catalyzed by glutamyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'- adenosine residue of the tRNA.
6425 glutaminyl-tRNA aminoacylation P The process of coupling glutamine to glutaminyl-tRNA, catalyzed by glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'- adenosine residue of the tRNA.
6426 glycyl-tRNA aminoacylation P The process of coupling glycine to glycyl-tRNA, catalyzed by glycyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
6427 histidyl-tRNA aminoacylation P The process of coupling histidine to histidyl-tRNA, catalyzed by histidyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
6428 isoleucyl-tRNA aminoacylation P The process of coupling isoleucine to isoleucyl-tRNA, catalyzed by isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
6429 leucyl-tRNA aminoacylation P The process of coupling leucine to leucyl-tRNA, catalyzed by leucyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
6430 lysyl-tRNA aminoacylation P The process of coupling lysine to lysyl-tRNA, catalyzed by lysyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
6431 methionyl-tRNA aminoacylation P The process of coupling methionine to methionyl-tRNA, catalyzed by methionyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
6432 phenylalanyl-tRNA aminoacylation P The process of coupling phenylalanine to phenylalanyl-tRNA, catalyzed by phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
6433 prolyl-tRNA aminoacylation P The process of coupling proline to prolyl-tRNA, catalyzed by prolyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
6434 seryl-tRNA aminoacylation P The process of coupling serine to seryl-tRNA, catalyzed by seryl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
6435 threonyl-tRNA aminoacylation P The process of coupling threonine to threonyl-tRNA, catalyzed by threonyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
6436 tryptophanyl-tRNA aminoacylation P The process of coupling tryptophan to tryptophanyl-tRNA, catalyzed by tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
6437 tyrosyl-tRNA aminoacylation P The process of coupling tyrosine to tyrosyl-tRNA, catalyzed by tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
6438 valyl-tRNA aminoacylation P The process of coupling valine to valyl-tRNA, catalyzed by valyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
6446 regulation of translational initiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translational initiation.
6447 regulation of translational initiation by iron P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the translation of certain mRNAs involved in iron metabolism; regulated by the concentration of iron.
6448 regulation of translational elongation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent or accuracy of translational elongation.
6449 regulation of translational termination P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translational termination.
6450 regulation of translational fidelity P Any process that modulates the ability of the translational apparatus to interpret the genetic code.
6451 translational readthrough P The continuation of translation beyond a stop codon by the use of a special tRNA that recognizes the UAG and UGA codons as modified amino acids, rather than as termination codons.
6452 translational frameshifting P A mechanism whereby different proteins may result from a single mRNA molecule, due to a change in the parsing of three nucleotides per codon relative to an initiating AUG codon.
6457 protein folding P The process of assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single chain polypeptides or multisubunit complexes into the correct tertiary structure.
6458 'de novo' protein folding P The process of assisting in the folding of a nascent peptide chain into its correct tertiary structure.
6461 protein complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex.
6463 steroid hormone receptor complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a steroid hormone receptor complex, an intracellular receptor that binds steroid hormones. The complex is often a dimer, and forms after the steroid has bound the receptor.
6464 cellular protein modification process P The covalent alteration of one or more amino acids occurring in proteins, peptides and nascent polypeptides (co-translational, post-translational modifications) occurring at the level of an individual cell. Includes the modification of charged tRNAs that are destined to occur in a protein (pre-translation modification).
6465 signal peptide processing P The proteolytic removal of a signal peptide from a protein during or after transport to a specific location in the cell.
6468 protein phosphorylation P The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein.
6469 negative regulation of protein kinase activity P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity.
6470 protein dephosphorylation P The process of removing one or more phosphoric residues from a protein.
6471 protein ADP-ribosylation P The transfer, from NAD, of ADP-ribose to protein amino acids.
6473 protein acetylation P The addition of an acetyl group to a protein amino acid. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid.
6474 N-terminal protein amino acid acetylation P The acetylation of the N-terminal amino acid of proteins.
6475 internal protein amino acid acetylation P The addition of an acetyl group to a non-terminal amino acid in a protein.
6476 protein deacetylation P The removal of an acetyl group from a protein amino acid. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid.
6477 protein sulfation P The addition of a sulfate group as an ester to a protein amino acid.
6478 peptidyl-tyrosine sulfation P The sulfation of peptidyl-tyrosine residues to form peptidyl-O4'-sulfo-L-tyrosine.
6479 protein methylation P The addition of a methyl group to a protein amino acid. A methyl group is derived from methane by the removal of a hydrogen atom.
6480 N-terminal protein amino acid methylation P The methylation of the N-terminal amino acid of a protein.
6481 C-terminal protein methylation P The methylation of the C-terminal amino acid of a protein.
6482 protein demethylation P The removal of a methyl group, from a protein amino acid. A methyl group is derived from methane by the removal of a hydrogen atom.
6486 protein glycosylation P A protein modification process that results in the addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid, e.g. the addition of glycan chains to proteins.
6487 protein N-linked glycosylation P A protein glycosylation process in which a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit is added to a protein via the N4 atom of peptidyl-asparagine, the omega-N of arginine, or the N1' atom peptidyl-tryptophan.
6488 dolichol-linked oligosaccharide biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dolichol-linked oligosaccharide, usually by a stepwise addition of glycosyl chains to endoplasmic reticulum membrane-bound dolichol-P.
6489 dolichyl diphosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dolichyl diphosphate, a diphosphorylated dolichol derivative.
6490 oligosaccharide-lipid intermediate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an oligosaccharide-lipid intermediate, such as a molecule of dolichol-P-man or dolicol-P-Glc used in N-linked glycosylation.
6491 N-glycan processing P The conversion of N-linked glycan (N = nitrogen) structures from the initially transferred oligosaccharide to a mature form, by the actions of glycosidases and glycosyltransferases. The early processing steps are conserved and play roles in glycoprotein folding and trafficking.
6493 protein O-linked glycosylation P A protein glycosylation process in which a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit is added to a protein via the hydroxyl group of peptidyl-serine, peptidyl-threonine, peptidyl-hydroxylysine, or peptidyl-hydroxyproline, or via the phenol group of peptidyl-tyrosine, forming an O-glycan.
6497 protein lipidation P The covalent attachment of lipid groups to an amino acid in a protein.
6498 N-terminal protein lipidation P The covalent attachment of a lipid group to the amino terminus of a protein.
6499 N-terminal protein myristoylation P The covalent attachment of a myristoyl group to the N-terminal amino acid residue of a protein.
6500 N-terminal protein palmitoylation P The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to the N-terminal amino acid residue of a protein.
6501 C-terminal protein lipidation P The covalent attachment of a lipid group to the carboxy terminus of a protein.
6505 GPI anchor metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors, molecular mechanisms for attaching membrane proteins to the lipid bilayer of cell membranes. Structurally they consist of a molecule of phosphatidylinositol to which is linked, via the C-6 hydroxyl of the inositol, a carbohydrate chain. This chain is in turn linked to the protein through an ethanolamine phosphate group, the amino group of which is in amide linkage with the C-terminal carboxyl of the protein chain, the phosphate group being esterified to the C-6 hydroxyl of the terminal mannose of the core carbohydrate chain.
6506 GPI anchor biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor that attaches some membrane proteins to the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. The phosphatidylinositol group is linked via the C-6 hydroxyl residue of inositol to a carbohydrate chain which is itself linked to the protein via an ethanolamine phosphate group, its amino group forming an amide linkage with the C-terminal carboxyl of the protein. Some GPI anchors have variants on this canonical linkage.
6507 GPI anchor release P The GPI anchor metabolic process that results in enzymatic cleavage of the anchor, releasing an anchored protein from the membrane.
6508 proteolysis P The hydrolysis of proteins into smaller polypeptides and/or amino acids by cleavage of their peptide bonds.
6509 membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis P The proteolytic cleavage of transmembrane proteins and release of their ectodomain (extracellular domain).
6511 ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of a ubiquitin group, or multiple ubiquitin groups, to the protein.
6513 protein monoubiquitination P Addition of a single ubiquitin group to a protein.
6515 misfolded or incompletely synthesized protein catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded or attenuated proteins.
6516 glycoprotein catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.
6517 protein deglycosylation P The removal of sugar residues from a glycosylated protein.
6518 peptide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another.
6520 cellular amino acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids, carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups, as carried out by individual cells.
6521 regulation of cellular amino acid metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids.
6522 alanine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving alanine, 2-aminopropanoic acid.
6523 alanine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alanine, 2-aminopropanoic acid.
6524 alanine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alanine, 2-aminopropanoic acid.
6525 arginine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving arginine, 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid.
6526 arginine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of arginine, 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid.
6527 arginine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine, 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid.
6528 asparagine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving asparagine, 2-amino-3-carbamoylpropanoic acid.
6529 asparagine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of asparagine, 2-amino-3-carbamoylpropanoic acid.
6530 asparagine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of asparagine, 2-amino-3-carbamoylpropanoic acid.
6531 aspartate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving aspartate, the anion derived from aspartic acid, 2-aminobutanedioic acid.
6532 aspartate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aspartate, the anion derived from aspartic acid, 2-aminobutanedioic acid.
6533 aspartate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aspartate, the anion derived from aspartic acid, 2-aminobutanedioic acid.
6534 cysteine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving cysteine, 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid.
6535 cysteine biosynthetic process from serine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cysteine from other compounds, including serine.
6536 glutamate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid.
6537 glutamate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid.
6538 glutamate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid.
6539 glutamate catabolic process via 2-oxoglutarate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, via the intermediate 2-oxoglutarate.
6540 glutamate decarboxylation to succinate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of succinate from glutamate. Also known as GABA (gamma-aminobutyrate) shunt since it channels glutamate into the TCA cycle bypassing two steps of that cycle. There are three enzymes involved in the GABA shunt: glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), GABA aminotransferase (GABA-TA), and succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH). These three enzymes acting in concert to convert glutamate into succinate. The GABA shunt is predominantly associated with neurotransmission in the mammalian brain. It is also present in nonneuronal cells, in plants, in unicellular eukaryotes, and in prokaryotes.
6541 glutamine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving glutamine, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid.
6542 glutamine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutamine, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid.
6543 glutamine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamine, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid.
6544 glycine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycine, aminoethanoic acid.
6545 glycine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycine, aminoethanoic acid.
6546 glycine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycine, aminoethanoic acid.
6547 histidine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid.
6548 histidine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid.
6549 isoleucine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoleucine, (2R*,3R*)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid.
6550 isoleucine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isoleucine, (2R*,3R*)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid.
6551 leucine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving leucine, 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid.
6552 leucine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of leucine, 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid.
6553 lysine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving lysine, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.
6554 lysine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lysine, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.
6555 methionine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving methionine (2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid), a sulfur-containing, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.
6556 S-adenosylmethionine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of S-adenosylmethionine, S-(5'-adenosyl)-L-methionine, an important intermediate in one-carbon metabolism.
6557 S-adenosylmethioninamine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of S-adenosylmethioninamine, (5-deoxy-5-adenosyl)(3-aminopropyl) methylsulfonium salt.
6558 L-phenylalanine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-phenylalanine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid.
6559 L-phenylalanine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenylalanine, 2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid.
6560 proline metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving proline (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid), a chiral, cyclic, nonessential alpha-amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.
6561 proline biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proline (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid), a chiral, cyclic, nonessential alpha-amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.
6562 proline catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proline (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid), a chiral, cyclic, nonessential alpha-amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.
6563 L-serine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-serine, the L-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.
6564 L-serine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-serine, the L-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.
6565 L-serine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-serine, the L-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.
6566 threonine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving threonine (2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid), a polar, uncharged, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.
6567 threonine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of threonine (2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid), a polar, uncharged, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.
6568 tryptophan metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving tryptophan, the chiral amino acid 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid.
6569 tryptophan catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tryptophan, the chiral amino acid 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid.
6570 tyrosine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving tyrosine, an aromatic amino acid, 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid.
6571 tyrosine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tyrosine, an aromatic amino acid, 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid.
6572 tyrosine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tyrosine, an aromatic amino acid, 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid.
6573 valine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving valine, 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid.
6574 valine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of valine, 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid.
6575 cellular modified amino acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds derived from amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents.
6576 cellular biogenic amine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways occurring at the level of individual cells involving any of a group of naturally occurring, biologically active amines, such as norepinephrine, histamine, and serotonin, many of which act as neurotransmitters.
6577 amino-acid betaine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving any betaine, the N-trimethyl derivative of an amino acid.
6578 amino-acid betaine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any betaine, the N-trimethyl derivative of an amino acid.
6579 amino-acid betaine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any betaine, the N-trimethyl derivative of an amino acid.
6580 ethanolamine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethanolamine (2-aminoethanol), an important water-soluble base of phospholipid (phosphatidylethanolamine).
6581 acetylcholine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline.
6582 melanin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving melanins, pigments largely of animal origin. High molecular weight polymers of indole quinone, they are irregular polymeric structures and are divided into three groups: allomelanins in the plant kingdom and eumelanins and phaeomelanins in the animal kingdom.
6583 melanin biosynthetic process from tyrosine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melanin from other compounds, including tyrosine.
6584 catecholamine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine.
6585 dopamine biosynthetic process from tyrosine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine) from L-tyrosine, via the metabolic precursor 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (L-dopa). Dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of norepinephrine and epinephrine.
6586 indolalkylamine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving indolalkylamines, indole or indole derivatives containing a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine group.
6587 serotonin biosynthetic process from tryptophan P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation from tryptophan of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties.
6588 activation of tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activity P The process in which the tryptophan 5-monooxygenase enzyme is changed so that it can carry out its enzymatic activity.
6589 octopamine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of octopamine, 1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol. The D enantiomer is about one-tenth as active as norepinephrine and is found in the salivary glands of Octopus and Eledone species.
6590 thyroid hormone generation P The formation of either of the compounds secreted by the thyroid gland, mainly thyroxine and triiodothyronine. This is achieved by the iodination and joining of tyrosine molecules to form the precursor thyroglobin, proteolysis of this precursor gives rise to the thyroid hormones.
6591 ornithine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving ornithine, an amino acid only rarely found in proteins, but which is important in living organisms as an intermediate in the reactions of the urea cycle and in arginine biosynthesis.
6592 ornithine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ornithine, an amino acid only rarely found in proteins, but which is important in living organisms as an intermediate in the reactions of the urea cycle and in arginine biosynthesis.
6593 ornithine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ornithine, an amino acid only rarely found in proteins, but which is important in living organisms as an intermediate in the reactions of the urea cycle and in arginine biosynthesis.
6595 polyamine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving polyamines, any organic compound containing two or more amino groups.
6596 polyamine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polyamines, any organic compound containing two or more amino groups.
6597 spermine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of spermine, a polybasic amine found in human sperm, in ribosomes and in some viruses and involved in nucleic acid packaging.
6598 polyamine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polyamines, any organic compound containing two or more amino groups.
6599 phosphagen metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphagen, any of a group of guanidine phosphates that occur in muscle and can be used to regenerate ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.
6600 creatine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving creatine (N-(aminoiminomethyl)-N-methylglycine), a compound synthesized from the amino acids arginine, glycine, and methionine that occurs in muscle.
6601 creatine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of creatine, N-[amino(imino)methyl]-N-methylglycine. Creatine is formed by a process beginning with amidino group transfer from L-arginine to glycine to form guanidinoacetate, followed by methyl group transfer from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to guanidinoacetate; it is then is phosphorylated to form a pool that stores high energy phosphate for the replenishment of ATP during periods of high, or fluctuating energy demand. In animals, most creatine is transported to and used in muscle.
6602 creatinine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of creatinine, 2-amino-1,5-dihydro-1-methyl-4H-imidazol-4-one, an end product of creatine metabolism and a normal constituent of urine.
6603 phosphocreatine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphocreatine, a phosphagen of creatine present in high concentration in striated muscle which is synthesized and broken down by creatine phosphokinase to buffer ATP concentration. It acts as an immediate energy reserve for muscle.
6604 phosphoarginine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphoarginine, a phosphagen of L-arginine with phosphoric acid containing the phosphoamide bond. It is a source of energy in the contraction of muscle in invertebrates, corresponding to phosphocreatine in the muscles of vertebrates.
6605 protein targeting P The process of targeting specific proteins to particular regions of the cell, typically membrane-bounded subcellular organelles. Usually requires an organelle specific protein sequence motif.
6606 protein import into nucleus P The directed movement of a protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
6607 NLS-bearing protein import into nucleus P The directed movement of a protein bearing a nuclear localization signal (NLS) from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane.
6608 snRNP protein import into nucleus P The directed movement of a small nuclear ribonucleoprotein from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane.
6609 mRNA-binding (hnRNP) protein import into nucleus P The directed movement of a heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane.
6610 ribosomal protein import into nucleus P The directed movement of a ribosomal protein from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane.
6611 protein export from nucleus P The directed movement of a protein from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
6612 protein targeting to membrane P The process of directing proteins towards a membrane, usually using signals contained within the protein.
6613 cotranslational protein targeting to membrane P The targeting of proteins to a membrane that occurs during translation. The transport of most secretory proteins, particularly those with more than 100 amino acids, into the endoplasmic reticulum lumen occurs in this manner, as does the import of some proteins into mitochondria.
6614 SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane P The targeting of proteins to a membrane that occurs during translation and is dependent upon two key components, the signal-recognition particle (SRP) and the SRP receptor. SRP is a cytosolic particle that transiently binds to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) signal sequence in a nascent protein, to the large ribosomal unit, and to the SRP receptor in the ER membrane.
6615 SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane, docking P The process in which an SRP-bound ribosome forms a complex with the SRP receptor in the ER membrane, allowing the ribosome to bind to the membrane, during cotranslational membrane targeting.
6616 SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane, translocation P The process during cotranslational membrane targeting wherein proteins move across a membrane. SRP and its receptor initiate the transfer of the nascent chain across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane; they then dissociate from the chain, which is transferred to a set of transmembrane proteins, collectively called the translocon. Once the nascent chain translocon complex is assembled, the elongating chain passes directly from the large ribosomal subunit into the centers of the translocon, a protein-lined channel within the membrane. The growing chain is never exposed to the cytosol and does not fold until it reaches the ER lumen.
6617 SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane, signal sequence recognition P The process in which SRP binds to the signal peptide in a nascent protein, causing protein elongation to pause, during cotranslational membrane targeting.
6618 SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane, signal sequence processing P The removal of the signal peptide from a nascent protein during cotranslational membrane targeting.
6620 posttranslational protein targeting to membrane P The targeting of proteins to a membrane that occurs after their translation. Some secretory proteins exhibit posttranslational transport into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen: they are synthesized in their entirety on free cytosolic ribosomes and then released into the cytosol, where they are bound by chaperones which keep them in an unfolded state, and subsequently are translocated across the ER membrane.
6621 protein retention in ER lumen P The retention in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen of soluble resident proteins. Sorting receptors retrieve proteins with ER localization signals, such as KDEL and HDEL sequences or some transmembrane domains, that have escaped to the cis-Golgi network and return them to the ER. Abnormally folded proteins and unassembled subunits are also selectively retained in the ER.
6622 protein targeting to lysosome P The process of directing proteins towards the lysosome using signals contained within the protein.
6623 protein targeting to vacuole P The process of directing proteins towards the vacuole, usually using signals contained within the protein.
6624 vacuolar protein processing P Protein processing that takes place in the vacuole. Most protein processing in the vacuole represents proteolytic cleavage of precursors to form active enzymes.
6625 protein targeting to peroxisome P The process of directing proteins towards the peroxisome, usually using signals contained within the protein.
6626 protein targeting to mitochondrion P The process of directing proteins towards and into the mitochondrion, usually mediated by mitochondrial proteins that recognize signals contained within the imported protein.
6627 protein processing involved in protein targeting to mitochondrion P The cleavage of peptide bonds in proteins, usually near the N terminus, contributing to the process of import into the mitochondrion. Several different peptidases mediate cleavage of proteins destined for different mitochondrial compartments.
6629 lipid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids.
6631 fatty acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis.
6633 fatty acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a fatty acid, any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils. Fatty acids are predominantly straight-chain acids of 4 to 24 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated; branched fatty acids and hydroxy fatty acids also occur, and very long chain acids of over 30 carbons are found in waxes.
6634 hexadecanal biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hexadecanal, the C16 straight chain aldehyde.
6635 fatty acid beta-oxidation P A fatty acid oxidation process that results in the complete oxidation of a long-chain fatty acid. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and occurs by successive cycles of reactions during each of which the fatty acid is shortened by a two-carbon fragment removed as acetyl coenzyme A; the cycle continues until only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).
6636 unsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an unsaturated fatty acid, any fatty acid containing one or more double bonds between carbon atoms.
6637 acyl-CoA metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with an acyl group.
6638 neutral lipid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving neutral lipids, lipids only soluble in solvents of very low polarity.
6639 acylglycerol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving acylglycerol, any mono-, di- or triester of glycerol with (one or more) fatty acids.
6640 monoacylglycerol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monoacylglycerol, any ester of glycerol in which any one of its hydroxyl groups has been acylated with a fatty acid, the other being non-esterified.
6641 triglyceride metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving triglyceride, any triester of glycerol. The three fatty acid residues may all be the same or differ in any permutation. Triglycerides are important components of plant oils, animal fats and animal plasma lipoproteins.
6642 triglyceride mobilization P The release of triglycerides, any triester of glycerol, from storage within cells or tissues, making them available for metabolism.
6643 membrane lipid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving membrane lipids, any lipid found in or associated with a biological membrane.
6644 phospholipid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving phospholipids, any lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.
6646 phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylethanolamine, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of ethanolamine.
6647 phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine (PMME), a derivative of phosphatidylethanolamine with a methylated amine group.
6648 dihydrosphingosine-1-P pathway P A phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthetic process that proceeds via the enzymatic action of dihydrosphingosine phosphate lyase.
6649 phospholipid transfer to membrane P The transfer of a phospholipid from its site of synthesis to the plasma membrane.
6650 glycerophospholipid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerophospholipids, any derivative of glycerophosphate that contains at least one O-acyl, O-alkyl, or O-alkenyl group attached to the glycerol residue.
6651 diacylglycerol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diacylglycerol, a glyceride in which any two of the R groups (positions not specified) are acyl groups while the remaining R group can be either H or an alkyl group.
6653 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving any 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, the compounds most commonly designated lecithin.
6654 phosphatidic acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidic acid, any derivative of glycerol phosphate in which both the remaining hydroxyl groups of the glycerol moiety are esterified with fatty acids.
6655 phosphatidylglycerol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylglycerols, any of a class of phospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of glycerol.
6656 phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylcholines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline.
6657 CDP-choline pathway P The phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process that begins with the phosphorylation of choline and ends with the combination of CDP-choline with diacylglycerol to form phosphatidylcholine.
6658 phosphatidylserine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylserines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of L-serine. They are important constituents of cell membranes.
6659 phosphatidylserine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylserines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of L-serine.
6660 phosphatidylserine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylserines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of L-serine.
6661 phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol, any glycophospholipid in which the sn-glycerol 3-phosphate residue is esterified to the 1-hydroxyl group of 1D-myo-inositol.
6662 glycerol ether metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerol ethers, any anhydride formed between two organic hydroxy compounds, one of which is glycerol.
6663 platelet activating factor biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of platelet activating factor, 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine, where alkyl = hexadecyl or octadecyl. Platelet activating factor is an inflammatory mediator released from a variety of cells in response to various stimuli.
6664 glycolipid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycolipids, a class of 1,2-di-O-acylglycerols joined at oxygen 3 by a glycosidic linkage to a carbohydrate part (usually a mono-, di- or tri-saccharide). Some substances classified as bacterial glycolipids have the sugar group acylated by one or more fatty acids and the glycerol group may be absent.
6665 sphingolipid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphingolipids, any of a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid).
6666 3-keto-sphinganine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-keto-sphinganine, a derivative of sphinganine with a ketone group at C3. It is an intermediate in the synthesis of sphingosine.
6667 sphinganine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphinganine, D-erythro-2-amino-1,3-octadecanediol.
6668 sphinganine-1-phosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphinganine-1-phosphate, the phosphorylated derivative of D-erythro-2-amino-1,3-octadecanediol.
6669 sphinganine-1-phosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphinganine-1-phosphate, the phosphorylated derivative of D-erythro-2-amino-1,3-octadecanediol.
6670 sphingosine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphingosine (sphing-4-enine), trans-D-erytho-2-amino-octadec-4-ene-1,3-diol, a long chain amino diol sphingoid base that occurs in most sphingolipids in animal tissues.
6671 phytosphingosine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytosphingosine, (2S,3S,4R)-2-aminooctadecane-1,3,4-triol, a constituent of many plant sphingolipids.
6672 ceramide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving ceramides, any N-acylated sphingoid.
6673 inositolphosphoceramide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving inositolphosphoceramides, any lipid with a phosphodiester bridge between an inositol residue and the ceramide group.
6675 mannosyl-inositol phosphorylceramide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannosyl-inositol phosphorylceramide, any lipid with a phosphodiester bridge between an inositol residue and the ceramide group which contains a phosphoryl (-P(O)=) groups and a mannose derivative.
6676 mannosyl diphosphorylinositol ceramide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannosyl diphosphorylinositol ceramide, any lipid with a phosphodiester bridge between an inositol residue and the ceramide group which contains two phosphoryl (-P(O)=) groups and a mannose derivative.
6677 glycosylceramide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of a monosaccharide (or derivative) by a ceramide group.
6678 glucosylceramide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of glucose by a ceramide group. They are neutral glycolipids containing equimolar amounts of fatty acid, glucose, and sphingosine or a sphingosine derivative.
6679 glucosylceramide biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of glucose by a ceramide group.
6680 glucosylceramide catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of glucose by a ceramide group.
6681 galactosylceramide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of galactose by a ceramide group.
6682 galactosylceramide biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of galactose by a ceramide group.
6683 galactosylceramide catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of galactose by a ceramide group.
6684 sphingomyelin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphingomyelin, N-acyl-4-sphingenyl-1-O-phosphorylcholine, any of a class of phospholipids in which the amino group of sphingosine is in amide linkage with one of several fatty acids, while the terminal hydroxyl group of sphingosine is esterified to phosphorylcholine.
6685 sphingomyelin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sphingomyelin, N-acyl-4-sphingenyl-1-O-phosphorylcholine.
6686 sphingomyelin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingomyelin, N-acyl-4-sphingenyl-1-O-phosphorylcholine.
6687 glycosphingolipid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosphingolipids, any compound with residues of sphingoid and at least one monosaccharide.
6688 glycosphingolipid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosphingolipid, a compound with residues of sphingoid and at least one monosaccharide.
6689 ganglioside catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ganglioside, a ceramide oligosaccharide carrying, in addition to other sugar residues, one or more sialic residues.
6690 icosanoid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving icosanoids, any of a group of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
6691 leukotriene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving leukotriene, a pharmacologically active substance derived from a polyunsaturated fatty acid, such as arachidonic acid.
6692 prostanoid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving prostanoids, any compound based on or derived from the prostanoate structure.
6693 prostaglandin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving prostaglandins, any of a group of biologically active metabolites which contain a cyclopentane ring due to the formation of a bond between two carbons of a fatty acid. They have a wide range of biological activities.
6694 steroid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus; includes de novo formation and steroid interconversion by modification.
6695 cholesterol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.
6696 ergosterol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ergosterol, (22E)-ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3-beta-ol, a sterol found in ergot, yeast and moulds.
6697 ecdysone biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ecdysone, (22R)-2-beta,3-beta,14,22,25-pentahydroxycholest-7-en-6-one, an ecdysteroid found in insects.
6699 bile acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids, any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile.
6700 C21-steroid hormone biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of C21-steroid hormones, steroid compounds containing 21 carbons which function as hormones.
6701 progesterone biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of progesterone, a steroid hormone produced in the ovary which prepares and maintains the uterus for pregnancy. Also found in plants.
6702 androgen biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of androgens, C19 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of male sexual characteristics.
6703 estrogen biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of estrogens, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics. Also found in plants.
6704 glucocorticoid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol.
6705 mineralocorticoid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mineralocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol.
6706 steroid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus.
6707 cholesterol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.
6708 ecdysone catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ecdysone, (22R)-2-beta,3-beta,14,22,25-pentahydroxycholest-7-en-6-one, an ecdysteroid found in insects.
6709 progesterone catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of progesterone, a steroid hormone produced in the ovary which prepares and maintains the uterus for pregnancy. Also found in plants.
6710 androgen catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of androgens, C19 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of male sexual characteristics.
6711 estrogen catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of estrogens, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics. Also found in plants.
6712 mineralocorticoid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mineralocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol.
6713 glucocorticoid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol.
6714 sesquiterpenoid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving sesquiterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with three isoprene units.
6715 farnesol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the sesquiterpenoid alcohol farnesol, 3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10,dodecatrien-1-ol.
6716 juvenile hormone metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving juvenile hormones, the three sesquiterpenoid derivatives that function to maintain the larval state of insects at molting and that may be required for other processes, e.g. oogenesis.
6718 juvenile hormone biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of juvenile hormones, the three sesquiterpenoid derivatives that function to maintain the larval state of insects at molting and that may be required for other processes, e.g. oogenesis.
6719 juvenile hormone catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of juvenile hormones, the three sesquiterpenoid derivatives that function to maintain the larval state of insects at molting and that may be required for other processes, e.g. oogenesis.
6720 isoprenoid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoid compounds, isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) or compounds containing or derived from linked isoprene (3-methyl-2-butenylene) residues.
6721 terpenoid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving terpenoids, any member of a class of compounds characterized by an isoprenoid chemical structure and including derivatives with various functional groups.
6722 triterpenoid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units.
6723 cuticle hydrocarbon biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydrocarbons that make up the cuticle, the outer layer of some animals and plants, which acts to prevent water loss.
6725 cellular aromatic compound metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving aromatic compounds, any organic compound characterized by one or more planar rings, each of which contains conjugated double bonds and delocalized pi electrons, as carried out by individual cells.
6726 eye pigment biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of eye pigments, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, found or utilized in the eye.
6727 ommochrome biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ommochromes, any of a large group of natural polycyclic pigments commonly found in the Arthropoda, particularly in the ommatidia of the compound eye.
6728 pteridine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pteridine, pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine), the parent structure of pterins and the pteroyl group.
6729 tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetrahydrobiopterin, the reduced form of biopterin (2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-pteridine). It functions as a hydroxylation coenzyme, e.g. in the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine.
6730 one-carbon metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving the transfer of one-carbon units in various oxidation states.
6732 coenzyme metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzymes, any of various nonprotein organic cofactors that are required, in addition to an enzyme and a substrate, for an enzymatic reaction to proceed.
6733 oxidoreduction coenzyme metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzymes that are required, in addition to an enzyme and a substrate, for an oxidoreductase reaction to proceed.
6734 NADH metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid.
6735 NADH regeneration P A metabolic process that generates a pool of NADH by the reduction of NAD+.
6738 nicotinamide riboside catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nicotinamide riboside, the product of the formation of a glycosidic bond between ribose and nicotinamide.
6739 NADP metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; metabolism may be of either the oxidized form, NADP, or the reduced form, NADPH.
6740 NADPH regeneration P A metabolic process that generates a pool of NADPH by the reduction of NADP+.
6741 NADP biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; biosynthesis may be of either the oxidized form, NADP, or the reduced form, NADPH.
6742 NADP catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; catabolism may be of either the oxidized form, NADP, or the reduced form, NADPH.
6743 ubiquinone metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving ubiquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme.
6744 ubiquinone biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme.
6746 FADH2 metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving the reduced form of flavin adenine dinucleotide.
6747 FAD biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of FAD, the oxidized form of flavin-adenine dinucleotide.
6748 lipoamide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoamide, the functional form of lipoic acid in which the carboxyl group is attached to protein by an amide linkage to a lysine amino group.
6749 glutathione metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, which acts as a coenzyme for some enzymes and as an antioxidant in the protection of sulfhydryl groups in enzymes and other proteins; it has a specific role in the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and oxidized ascorbate, and it participates in the gamma-glutamyl cycle.
6750 glutathione biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, which acts as a coenzyme for some enzymes and as an antioxidant in the protection of sulfhydryl groups in enzymes and other proteins.
6751 glutathione catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, which acts as a coenzyme for some enzymes and as an antioxidant in the protection of sulfhydryl groups in enzymes and other proteins.
6753 nucleoside phosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving any phosphorylated nucleoside.
6754 ATP biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.
6756 AMP phosphorylation P The process of introducing a phosphate group into AMP, adenosine monophosphate, to produce ADP. Addition of two phosphate groups produces ATP.
6757 ATP generation from ADP P The process of introducing a phosphate group into ADP, adenosine diphosphate, to produce ATP.
6760 folic acid-containing compound metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a folic acid-containing compound, i.e. any of a group of heterocyclic compounds based on the pteroic acid skeleton conjugated with one or more L-glutamic acid or L-glutamate units.
6761 dihydrofolate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dihydrofolate, the dihydroxylated derivative of folate.
6766 vitamin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamins. Vitamin is a general term for a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body. Vitamins may be water-soluble or fat-soluble and usually serve as components of coenzyme systems.
6767 water-soluble vitamin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in water.
6768 biotin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving biotin, cis-tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid; the (+) enantiomer is very widely distributed in cells and serves as a carrier in a number of enzymatic beta-carboxylation reactions.
6769 nicotinamide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide, pyridine-3-carboxamide, the amide of nicotinic acid. It is a member of the B complex of vitamins and occurs widely in living organisms.
6771 riboflavin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving riboflavin (vitamin B2), the precursor for the coenzymes flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD).
6772 thiamine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving thiamine (vitamin B1), a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver.
6775 fat-soluble vitamin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving of any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in organic solvents and relatively insoluble in water.
6776 vitamin A metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the vitamin A compounds, retinol, retinal (retinaldehyde) and retinoic acid, all of which are derivatives of beta-carotene.
6777 Mo-molybdopterin cofactor biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the Mo-molybdopterin cofactor, essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo) ion coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.
6778 porphyrin-containing compound metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving any member of a large group of derivatives or analogs of porphyrin. Porphyrins consists of a ring of four pyrrole nuclei linked each to the next at their alpha positions through a methine group.
6779 porphyrin-containing compound biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any member of a large group of derivatives or analogs of porphyrin. Porphyrin consists of a ring of four pyrrole nuclei linked each to the next at their alpha positions through a methine group.
6780 uroporphyrinogen III biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of uroporphyrinogen III.
6781 succinyl-CoA pathway P The chemical reactions that utilize succinyl-CoA in the synthesis of protoporphyrin IX.
6782 protoporphyrinogen IX biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of protoporphyrinogen IX.
6783 heme biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring, from less complex precursors.
6784 heme a biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme a, a derivative of heme found in cytochrome aa3.
6785 heme b biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme b, a Fe(II) porphyrin complex readily isolated from the hemoglobin of beef blood, but also found in other proteins including other hemoglobins, myoglobins, cytochromes P-450, catalases, peroxidases as well as b type cytochromes.
6786 heme c biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme c, a derivative of heme found in cytochromes c, b4, and f.
6787 porphyrin-containing compound catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any member of a large group of derivatives or analogs of porphyrin. Porphyrin consists of a ring of four pyrrole nuclei linked each to the next at their alpha positions through a methine group.
6788 heme oxidation P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the loss of electrons from one or more atoms in heme.
6789 bilirubin conjugation P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bilirubin monoglucuronide or bilirubin diglucuronide, water-soluble derivatives of bilirubin.
6790 sulfur compound metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element sulfur or compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione.
6791 sulfur utilization P A series of processes that forms an integrated mechanism by which a cell or an organism detects the depletion of primary sulfur sources and then activates genes to scavenge the last traces of the primary sulfur source and to transport and metabolize alternate sulfur sources. The utilization process begins when the cell or organism detects sulfur levels, includes the activation of genes whose products detect, transport or metabolize sulfur-containing compounds, and ends when the sulfur is incorporated into the cell or organism's metabolism.
6792 regulation of sulfur utilization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sulfur utilization.
6793 phosphorus metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element phosphorus or compounds that contain phosphorus, usually in the form of a phosphate group (PO4).
6794 phosphorus utilization P A series of processes that forms an integrated mechanism by which a cell or an organism detects the depletion of primary phosphorus source and then activates genes to scavenge the last traces of the primary phosphorus source and to transport and metabolize alternative phosphorus sources. The utilization process begins when the cell or organism detects phosphorus levels, includes the phosphorus-containing substances, and ends when phosphorus is incorporated into the cell or organism's metabolism.
6795 regulation of phosphorus utilization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphorus utilization.
6796 phosphate-containing compound metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving the phosphate group, the anion or salt of any phosphoric acid.
6797 polyphosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a polyphosphate, the anion or salt of polyphosphoric acid.
6798 polyphosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a polyphosphate, the anion or salt of polyphosphoric acid.
6799 polyphosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a polyphosphate, the anion or salt of polyphosphoric acid.
6801 superoxide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving superoxide, the superoxide anion O2- (superoxide free radical), or any compound containing this species.
6805 xenobiotic metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a xenobiotic compound, a compound foreign to living organisms. Used of chemical compounds, e.g. a xenobiotic chemical, such as a pesticide.
6807 nitrogen compound metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic or inorganic compounds that contain nitrogen, including (but not limited to) nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, assimilatory/dissimilatory nitrate reduction and the interconversion of nitrogenous organic matter and ammonium.
6808 regulation of nitrogen utilization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nitrogen utilization.
6809 nitric oxide biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide (NO), a colorless gas only slightly soluble in water.
6810 transport P The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter, pore or motor protein.
6811 ion transport P The directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
6812 cation transport P The directed movement of cations, atoms or small molecules with a net positive charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
6813 potassium ion transport P The directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
6814 sodium ion transport P The directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
6816 calcium ion transport P The directed movement of calcium (Ca) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
6817 phosphate ion transport P The directed movement of phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
6818 hydrogen transport P The directed movement of hydrogen (H2 or H+), into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
6820 anion transport P The directed movement of anions, atoms or small molecules with a net negative charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
6821 chloride transport P The directed movement of chloride into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
6824 cobalt ion transport P The directed movement of cobalt (Co) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
6825 copper ion transport P The directed movement of copper (Cu) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
6826 iron ion transport P The directed movement of iron (Fe) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
6827 high-affinity iron ion transmembrane transport P A process in which an iron ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
6828 manganese ion transport P The directed movement of manganese (Mn) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
6829 zinc II ion transport P The directed movement of zinc (Zn II) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
6830 high-affinity zinc II ion transport P The directed, high-affinity movement of zinc (Zn II) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
6831 low-affinity zinc II ion transport P The directed, low-affinity movement of zinc (Zn II) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is only present at very low concentrations.
6833 water transport P The directed movement of water (H2O) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
6835 dicarboxylic acid transport P The directed movement of dicarboxylic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
6836 neurotransmitter transport P The directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Neurotransmitters are any chemical substance that is capable of transmitting (or inhibiting the transmission of) a nerve impulse from a neuron to another cell.
6837 serotonin transport P The directed movement of serotonin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems.
6839 mitochondrial transport P Transport of substances into, out of or within a mitochondrion.
6842 tricarboxylic acid transport P The directed movement of tricarboxylic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
6843 mitochondrial citrate transport P The directed movement of citrate, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboyxlate, into, out of or within a mitochondrion.
6844 acyl carnitine transport P The directed movement of acyl carnitine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Acyl carnitine is the condensation product of a carboxylic acid and carnitine and is the transport form for a fatty acid crossing the mitochondrial membrane.
6846 acetate transport P The directed movement of acetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
6847 plasma membrane acetate transport P The directed movement of acetate across a plasma membrane.
6848 pyruvate transport P The directed movement of pyruvate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
6849 plasma membrane pyruvate transport P The directed movement of pyruvate, 2-oxopropanoate, across a plasma membrane.
6850 mitochondrial pyruvate transport P The directed movement of pyruvate, 2-oxopropanoate, into, out of or within a mitochondrion.
6851 mitochondrial calcium ion transport P The directed movement of calcium ions (Ca2+) into, out of or within a mitochondrion.
6853 carnitine shuttle P The transfer of acyl groups to and from acyl-CoA molecules to form O-acylcarnitine, which can exchange across the mitochondrial inner membrane with unacylated carnitine.
6855 drug transmembrane transport P The process in which a drug is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
6856 eye pigment precursor transport P The directed movement of eye pigment precursors, the inactive forms of visual pigments, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
6857 oligopeptide transport P The directed movement of oligopeptides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Oligopeptides are molecules that contain a small number (2 to 20) of amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages.
6858 extracellular transport P The transport of substances that occurs outside cells.
6859 extracellular carbohydrate transport P The directed extracellular movement of carbohydrates.
6860 extracellular amino acid transport P The directed extracellular movement of amino acids.
6862 nucleotide transport P The directed movement of a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate, into, out of or within a cell.
6863 purine nucleobase transport P The directed movement of purine bases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
6864 pyrimidine nucleotide transport P The directed movement of a pyrimidine nucleotide, any compound consisting of a pyrimidine nucleoside esterified with (ortho)phosphate, into, out of or within a cell.
6865 amino acid transport P The directed movement of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
6867 asparagine transport P The directed movement of asparagine, alpha-aminosuccinamic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
6868 glutamine transport P The directed movement of glutamine, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
6869 lipid transport P The directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Lipids are compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent.
6873 cellular ion homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of ions at the level of a cell.
6874 cellular calcium ion homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions at the level of a cell.
6875 cellular metal ion homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of metal ions at the level of a cell.
6876 cellular cadmium ion homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of cadmium ions at the level of a cell.
6877 cellular cobalt ion homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of cobalt ions at the level of a cell.
6878 cellular copper ion homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of copper ions at the level of a cell.
6879 cellular iron ion homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of iron ions at the level of a cell.
6880 intracellular sequestering of iron ion P The process of binding or confining iron ions in an intracellular area such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.
6881 extracellular sequestering of iron ion P The process of binding or confining iron ions in an extracellular area such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.
6882 cellular zinc ion homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of zinc ions at the level of a cell.
6883 cellular sodium ion homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of sodium ions at the level of a cell.
6884 cell volume homeostasis P Any process involved in maintaining the steady state of a cell's volume. The cell's volume refers to the three-dimensional space occupied by a cell.
6885 regulation of pH P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of hydrogen ions, thereby modulating the internal pH, within an organism or cell.
6886 intracellular protein transport P The directed movement of proteins in a cell, including the movement of proteins between specific compartments or structures within a cell, such as organelles of a eukaryotic cell.
6887 exocytosis P A process of secretion by a cell that results in the release of intracellular molecules (e.g. hormones, matrix proteins) contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle by fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane of a cell. This process begins with steps that prepare vesicles for fusion with the membrane (tethering and docking) and ends when vesicle fusion is complete. This is the process in which most molecules are secreted from eukaryotic cells.
6888 ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport P The directed movement of substances from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi, mediated by COP II vesicles. Small COP II coated vesicles form from the ER and then fuse directly with the cis-Golgi. Larger structures are transported along microtubules to the cis-Golgi.
6890 retrograde vesicle-mediated transport, Golgi to ER P The directed movement of substances from the Golgi back to the endoplasmic reticulum, mediated by vesicles bearing specific protein coats such as COPI or COG.
6891 intra-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport P The directed movement of substances within the Golgi, mediated by small transport vesicles. These either fuse with the cis-Golgi or with each other to form the membrane stacks known as the cis-Golgi reticulum (network).
6892 post-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport P The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to other parts of the cell, including organelles and the plasma membrane, mediated by small transport vesicles.
6893 Golgi to plasma membrane transport P The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles that move from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane, where they fuse and release their contents by exocytosis.
6895 Golgi to endosome transport P The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to early sorting endosomes. Clathrin vesicles transport substances from the trans-Golgi to endosomes.
6896 Golgi to vacuole transport P The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to the vacuole.
6897 endocytosis P A vesicle-mediated transport process in which cells take up external materials or membrane constituents by the invagination of a small region of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle.
6898 receptor-mediated endocytosis P An endocytosis process in which cell surface receptors ensure specificity of transport. A specific receptor on the cell surface binds tightly to the extracellular macromolecule (the ligand) that it recognizes; the plasma-membrane region containing the receptor-ligand complex then undergoes endocytosis, forming a transport vesicle containing the receptor-ligand complex and excluding most other plasma-membrane proteins. Receptor-mediated endocytosis generally occurs via clathrin-coated pits and vesicles.
6900 membrane budding P The evagination of a membrane, resulting in formation of a vesicle.
6901 vesicle coating P A protein coat is added to the vesicle to form the proper shape of the vesicle and to target the vesicle for transport to its destination.
6903 vesicle targeting P The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes. Targeting involves coordinated interactions among cytoskeletal elements (microtubules or actin filaments), motor proteins, molecules at the vesicle membrane and target membrane surfaces, and vesicle cargo.
6904 vesicle docking involved in exocytosis P The initial attachment of a vesicle membrane to a target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane of the vesicle and the target membrane, that contributes to exocytosis.
6906 vesicle fusion P Fusion of the membrane of a transport vesicle with its target membrane.
6907 pinocytosis P An endocytosis process that results in the uptake of liquid material by cells from their external environment; literally 'cell drinking'. Liquid is enclosed in vesicles, called pinosomes, formed by invagination of the plasma membrane.
6909 phagocytosis P An endocytosis process that results in the engulfment of external particulate material by phagocytes. The particles are initially contained within phagocytic vacuoles (phagosomes), which then fuse with primary lysosomes to effect digestion of the particles.
6910 phagocytosis, recognition P The initial step in phagocytosis involving adhesion to bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter, or an apoptotic cell and based on recognition of factors such as bacterial cell wall components, opsonins like complement and antibody or protein receptors and lipids like phosphatidyl serine, and leading to intracellular signaling in the phagocytosing cell.
6911 phagocytosis, engulfment P The internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis, including the membrane and cytoskeletal processes required, which involves one of three mechanisms: zippering of pseudopods around a target via repeated receptor-ligand interactions, sinking of the target directly into plasma membrane of the phagocytosing cell, or induced uptake via an enhanced membrane ruffling of the phagocytosing cell similar to macropinocytosis.
6913 nucleocytoplasmic transport P The directed movement of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
6914 autophagy P The process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm; allows for both recycling of macromolecular constituents under conditions of cellular stress and remodeling the intracellular structure for cell differentiation.
6915 apoptotic process P A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died.
6919 activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process P Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme cysteine-type endopeptidase in the context of an apoptotic process.
6921 cellular component disassembly involved in execution phase of apoptosis P The breakdown of structures such as organelles, proteins, or other macromolecular structures during apoptosis.
6924 activation-induced cell death of T cells P A T cell apoptotic process that occurs towards the end of the expansion phase following the initial activation of mature T cells by antigen and is triggered by T cell receptor stimulation and signals transmitted via various surface-expressed members of the TNF receptor family such as Fas ligand, Fas, and TNF and the p55 and p75 TNF receptors.
6925 inflammatory cell apoptotic process P Any apoptotic process in an inflammatory cell, any cell participating in the inflammatory response to a foreign substance e.g. neutrophil, macrophage.
6928 movement of cell or subcellular component P The directed, self-propelled movement of a cell or subcellular component without the involvement of an external agent such as a transporter or a pore.
6929 substrate-dependent cell migration P The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another along a substrate such as the extracellular matrix; the migrating cell forms a protrusion that attaches to the substrate.
6930 substrate-dependent cell migration, cell extension P The formation of a cell surface protrusion, such as a lamellipodium or filopodium, at the leading edge of a migrating cell.
6931 substrate-dependent cell migration, cell attachment to substrate P The formation of adhesions that stabilize protrusions at the leading edge of a migrating cell; involves integrin activation, clustering, and the recruitment of structural and signaling components to nascent adhesions.
6932 substrate-dependent cell migration, cell contraction P The translocation of the cell body forward during cell migration, mediated by tractional force on its substrate and tension in the cortical cytoskeleton. Adhesions transmit propulsive forces and serve as traction points over which the cell moves.
6933 negative regulation of cell adhesion involved in substrate-bound cell migration P The disassembly of adhesions at the front and rear of a migrating cell. At the leading edge, adhesion disassembly accompanies the formation of new protrusions; at the cell rear, it promotes tail retraction.
6934 substrate-bound cell migration, adhesion receptor recycling P The directed movement of accumulated adhesion components such as integrins from the rear of a migrating cell toward the cell front, where they are available to form new protrusions and adhesions.
6935 chemotaxis P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism, or the directed growth of a cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).
6936 muscle contraction P A process in which force is generated within muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis.
6937 regulation of muscle contraction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction.
6939 smooth muscle contraction P A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length.
6940 regulation of smooth muscle contraction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction.
6941 striated muscle contraction P A process in which force is generated within striated muscle tissue, resulting in the shortening of the muscle. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Striated muscle is a type of muscle in which the repeating units (sarcomeres) of the contractile myofibrils are arranged in registry throughout the cell, resulting in transverse or oblique striations observable at the level of the light microscope.
6942 regulation of striated muscle contraction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle contraction.
6948 induction by virus of host cell-cell fusion P The process of syncytia-forming cell-cell fusion, caused by a virus.
6949 syncytium formation P The formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane. Syncytia are normally derived from single cells that fuse or fail to complete cell division.
6950 response to stress P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
6952 defense response P Reactions, triggered in response to the presence of a foreign body or the occurrence of an injury, which result in restriction of damage to the organism attacked or prevention/recovery from the infection caused by the attack.
6953 acute-phase response P An acute inflammatory response that involves non-antibody proteins whose concentrations in the plasma increase in response to infection or injury of homeothermic animals.
6954 inflammatory response P The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages.
6955 immune response P Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat.
6956 complement activation P Any process involved in the activation of any of the steps of the complement cascade, which allows for the direct killing of microbes, the disposal of immune complexes, and the regulation of other immune processes; the initial steps of complement activation involve one of three pathways, the classical pathway, the alternative pathway, and the lectin pathway, all of which lead to the terminal complement pathway.
6957 complement activation, alternative pathway P Any process involved in the activation of any of the steps of the alternative pathway of the complement cascade which allows for the direct killing of microbes and the regulation of other immune processes.
6958 complement activation, classical pathway P Any process involved in the activation of any of the steps of the classical pathway of the complement cascade which allows for the direct killing of microbes, the disposal of immune complexes, and the regulation of other immune processes.
6959 humoral immune response P An immune response mediated through a body fluid.
6962 male-specific antibacterial humoral response P An immune response against bacteria, specific to males and mediated through a body fluid.
6963 positive regulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antibacterial peptide biosynthesis.
6964 positive regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of biosynthesis of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria.
6965 positive regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of biosynthesis of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria.
6967 positive regulation of antifungal peptide biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antifungal peptide biosynthesis.
6968 cellular defense response P A defense response that is mediated by cells.
6970 response to osmotic stress P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell.
6971 hypotonic response P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a hypotonic environment, i.e. an environment with a lower concentration of solutes than the organism or cell.
6972 hyperosmotic response P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a hyperosmotic environment, i.e. an environment with a higher concentration of solutes than the organism or cell.
6973 intracellular accumulation of glycerol P The accumulation of glycerol within a cell, for example by increased glycerol biosynthesis combined with decreased permeability of the cell membrane to glycerol, in response to the detection of a hyperosmotic environment.
6974 cellular response to DNA damage stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism.
6975 DNA damage induced protein phosphorylation P The widespread phosphorylation of various molecules, triggering many downstream processes, that occurs in response to the detection of DNA damage.
6977 DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrest P A cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage and resulting in the stopping or reduction in rate of the cell cycle.
6978 DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator P A cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, resulting in the induction of the transcription of p21 (also known as WAF1, CIP1 and SDI1) or any equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.
6979 response to oxidative stress P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.
6981 activation of SoxR protein P The conversion of the SoxR transcription factor to its active (oxidized) form.
6982 response to lipid hydroperoxide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipid hydroperoxide stimulus. Lipid hydroperoxide is the highly reactive primary oxygenated products of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
6983 ER overload response P The series of molecular signals generated by the accumulation of normal or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and leading to activation of transcription by NF-kappaB.
6984 ER-nucleus signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals that conveys information from the endoplasmic reticulum to the nucleus, usually resulting in a change in transcriptional regulation.
6985 positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity by ER overload response P The conversion of inactive NF-kappaB to the active form, thereby allowing it to activate transcription of target genes, as a result of signaling from the endoplasmic reticulum.
6986 response to unfolded protein P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an unfolded protein stimulus.
6987 activation of signaling protein activity involved in unfolded protein response P The conversion of a specific protein, possessing protein kinase and endoribonuclease activities, to an active form as a result of signaling via the unfolded protein response.
6990 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in unfolded protein response P The activation of genes whose promoters contain a specific sequence elements such as the unfolded protein response element (UPRE; consensus CAGCGTG) or the ER stress-response element (ERSE; CCAAN(N)9CCACG), as a result of signaling via the unfolded protein response.
6991 response to sterol depletion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating deprivation of sterols. Sterols are a group of steroids characterized by the presence of one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.
6995 cellular response to nitrogen starvation P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of nitrogen.
6996 organelle organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle within a cell. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane.
6997 nucleus organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nucleus.
6998 nuclear envelope organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear envelope.
6999 nuclear pore organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear pore.
7000 nucleolus organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nucleolus.
7004 telomere maintenance via telomerase P The maintenance of proper telomeric length by the addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase.
7005 mitochondrion organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion; includes mitochondrial morphogenesis and distribution, and replication of the mitochondrial genome as well as synthesis of new mitochondrial components.
7006 mitochondrial membrane organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrial membrane, either of the lipid bilayer surrounding a mitochondrion.
7007 inner mitochondrial membrane organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the mitochondrial inner membrane.
7008 outer mitochondrial membrane organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the mitochondrial outer membrane.
7009 plasma membrane organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the plasma membrane.
7010 cytoskeleton organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures.
7014 actin ubiquitination P The modification of actin by addition of ubiquitin groups.
7015 actin filament organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments. Includes processes that control the spatial distribution of actin filaments, such as organizing filaments into meshworks, bundles, or other structures, as by cross-linking.
7016 cytoskeletal anchoring at plasma membrane P A cytoskeleton organization process that directly or indirectly links cytoskeletal filaments to the plasma membrane.
7017 microtubule-based process P Any cellular process that depends upon or alters the microtubule cytoskeleton, that part of the cytoskeleton comprising microtubules and their associated proteins.
7018 microtubule-based movement P A microtubule-based process that results in the movement of organelles, other microtubules, or other cellular components. Examples include motor-driven movement along microtubules and movement driven by polymerization or depolymerization of microtubules.
7019 microtubule depolymerization P The removal of tubulin heterodimers from one or both ends of a microtubule.
7020 microtubule nucleation P The process in which tubulin alpha-beta heterodimers begin aggregation to form an oligomeric tubulin structure (a microtubule seed). Microtubule nucleation is the initiating step in the formation of a microtubule in the absence of any existing microtubules ('de novo' microtubule formation).
7021 tubulin complex assembly P The aggregation and bonding together of alpha- and beta-tubulin to form a tubulin heterodimer.
7023 post-chaperonin tubulin folding pathway P Completion of folding of alpha- and beta-tubulin; takes place subsequent to chaperonin-mediated partial folding; mediated by a complex of folding cofactors.
7026 negative regulation of microtubule depolymerization P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule depolymerization; prevention of depolymerization of a microtubule can result from binding by 'capping' at the plus end (e.g. by interaction with another cellular protein of structure) or by exposing microtubules to a stabilizing drug such as taxol.
7027 negative regulation of axonemal microtubule depolymerization P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the depolymerization of the specialized microtubules of the axoneme.
7028 cytoplasm organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm is all of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
7029 endoplasmic reticulum organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endoplasmic reticulum.
7030 Golgi organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the Golgi apparatus.
7031 peroxisome organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a peroxisome. A peroxisome is a small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules.
7032 endosome organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of endosomes.
7033 vacuole organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole.
7034 vacuolar transport P The directed movement of substances into, out of or within a vacuole.
7035 vacuolar acidification P Any process that reduces the pH of the vacuole, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.
7036 vacuolar calcium ion homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions in the vacuole or between a vacuole and its surroundings.
7037 vacuolar phosphate transport P The directed movement of phosphates into, out of or within a vacuole.
7038 endocytosed protein transport to vacuole P The directed movement of proteins imported into a cell by endocytosis to the vacuole.
7039 protein catabolic process in the vacuole P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein in the vacuole, usually by the action of vacuolar proteases.
7040 lysosome organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lysosome. A lysosome is a cytoplasmic, membrane-bounded organelle that is found in most animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases.
7041 lysosomal transport P The directed movement of substances into, out of or within a lysosome.
7042 lysosomal lumen acidification P Any process that reduces the pH of the lysosomal lumen, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.
7043 cell-cell junction assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a junction between cells.
7044 cell-substrate junction assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a junction between a cell and its substrate.
7045 cell-substrate adherens junction assembly P The aggregation, arrangement, and bonding together of a set of components to form a cell-substrate adherens junction.
7049 cell cycle P The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division.
7050 cell cycle arrest P A regulatory process that halts progression through the cell cycle during one of the normal phases (G1, S, G2, M).
7051 spindle organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that forms between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during DNA segregation and serves to move the duplicated chromosomes apart.
7052 mitotic spindle organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the microtubule spindle during a mitotic cell cycle.
7053 spindle assembly involved in male meiosis P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle during a meiotic cell cycle in males. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
7054 spindle assembly involved in male meiosis I P The formation of the spindle during meiosis I of a meiotic cell cycle in males. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
7055 spindle assembly involved in male meiosis II P The formation of the spindle during meiosis II of a meiotic cell cycle in males. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
7056 spindle assembly involved in female meiosis P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle during a meiotic cell cycle in females. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
7057 spindle assembly involved in female meiosis I P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle during meiosis I of a meiotic cell cycle in females. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
7058 spindle assembly involved in female meiosis II P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle during meiosis II of a meiotic cell cycle in females. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
7059 chromosome segregation P The process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. In eukaryotes, chromosome segregation begins with the condensation of chromosomes, includes chromosome separation, and ends when chromosomes have completed movement to the spindle poles.
7060 male meiosis chromosome segregation P The cell cycle process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during the meiotic cell cycle in a male.
7062 sister chromatid cohesion P The cell cycle process in which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome become tethered to each other.
7063 regulation of sister chromatid cohesion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid cohesion.
7064 mitotic sister chromatid cohesion P The cell cycle process in which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the entire length of the chromosome, from their formation in S phase through metaphase during a mitotic cell cycle. This cohesion cycle is critical for high fidelity chromosome transmission.
7065 male meiosis sister chromatid cohesion P The joining of the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome along the entire length of the chromosome that occurs during meiosis in a male.
7066 female meiosis sister chromatid cohesion P The joining of the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome along the entire length of the chromosome that occurs during meiosis in a female.
7067 mitotic nuclear division P A mitotic cell cycle process comprising the steps by which the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell divides; the process involves condensation of chromosomal DNA into a highly compacted form. Canonically, mitosis produces two daughter nuclei whose chromosome complement is identical to that of the mother cell.
7068 negative regulation of transcription during mitotic cell cycle P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription that occurs during the mitotic cell cycle.
7069 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter during mitotic cell cycle P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase I promoter that occurs during the mitotic cell cycle.
7070 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter during mitotic cell cycle P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that occurs during the mitotic cell cycle.
7071 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter during mitotic cell cycle P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase III promoter that occurs during the mitotic cell cycle.
7072 positive regulation of transcription involved in exit from mitosis P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription as the cell leaves M phase. M phase is the part of the mitotic cell cycle during which mitosis and cytokinesis take place.
7073 positive regulation of transcription involved in exit from mitosis, from RNA polymerase I promoter P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase I promoter as the cell leaves M phase. M phase is the part of the mitotic cell cycle during which mitosis and cytokinesis take place.
7074 positive regulation of transcription involved in exit from mitosis, from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as the cell leaves M phase. M phase is the part of the mitotic cell cycle during which mitosis and cytokinesis take place.
7075 positive regulation of transcription involved in exit from mitosis, from RNA polymerase III promoter P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase III promoter as the cell leaves M phase. M phase is the part of the mitotic cell cycle during which mitosis and cytokinesis take place.
7076 mitotic chromosome condensation P The cell cycle process in which chromatin structure is compacted prior to and during mitosis in eukaryotic cells.
7077 mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly P The cell cycle process in which the controlled breakdown of the nuclear envelope during mitotic cell division occurs.
7078 lamin depolymerization P The cell cycle process in which lamin is depolymerized.
7079 mitotic chromosome movement towards spindle pole P The cell cycle process in which the directed movement of chromosomes from the center of the spindle towards the spindle poles occurs. This mediates by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes, during mitosis.
7080 mitotic metaphase plate congression P The cell cycle process in which chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate, a plane halfway between the poles of the mitotic spindle, during mitosis.
7083 mitotic chromosome decondensation P The cell cycle process in which chromosome structure is altered from the condensed form taken on during mitosis to the relaxed disperse form held in resting cells.
7084 mitotic nuclear envelope reassembly P The cell cycle process that results in reformation of the nuclear envelope during mitotic cell division.
7086 vesicle fusion with nuclear membrane involved in mitotic nuclear envelope reassembly P The cell cycle process that results in the joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle with the lipid bilayer membrane around the nucleus, and contributes to mitotic nuclear envelope reassembly.
7087 mitotic nuclear pore complex reassembly P The cell cycle process in which nuclear pore complexes reform during mitotic cell division.
7088 regulation of mitotic nuclear division P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis.
7089 traversing start control point of mitotic cell cycle P A cell cycle process by which a cell commits to entering S phase via a positive feedback mechanism between the regulation of transcription and G1 CDK activity.
7091 metaphase/anaphase transition of mitotic cell cycle P The cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis, triggered by the activation of the anaphase promoting complex by Cdc20/Sleepy homolog which results in the degradation of Securin.
7093 mitotic cell cycle checkpoint P A cell cycle checkpoint that ensures accurate chromosome replication and segregation by preventing progression through a mitotic cell cycle until conditions are suitable for the cell to proceed to the next stage.
7094 mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint P A cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition of a mitotic nuclear division until the spindle is correctly assembled and chromosomes are attached to the spindle.
7095 mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint P A mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that detects and negatively regulates progression through the G2/M transition of the cell cycle in response to DNA damage.
7096 regulation of exit from mitosis P Any process involved in the progression from anaphase/telophase to G1 that is associated with a conversion from high to low mitotic CDK activity.
7097 nuclear migration P The directed movement of the nucleus.
7098 centrosome cycle P The cell cycle process in which centrosome duplication and separation takes place. The centrosome cycle can operate with a considerable degree of independence from other processes of the cell cycle.
7099 centriole replication P The cell cycle process in which a daughter centriole is formed perpendicular to an existing centriole. An immature centriole contains a ninefold radially symmetric array of single microtubules; mature centrioles consist of a radial array of nine microtubule triplets, doublets, or singlets depending upon the species and cell type. Duplicated centrioles also become the ciliary basal body in cells that form cilia during G0.
7100 mitotic centrosome separation P Separation of duplicated centrosome components at the beginning of mitosis. The centriole pair within each centrosome becomes part of a separate microtubule organizing center that nucleates a radial array of microtubules called an aster. The two asters move to opposite sides of the nucleus to form the two poles of the mitotic spindle.
7101 male meiosis centrosome cycle P Centrosome duplication and separation in the context of a meiotic cell cycle in a male organism.
7105 cytokinesis, site selection P The process of marking the place where cytokinesis will occur.
7107 membrane addition at site of cytokinesis P Any process involved in the net addition of membrane at the site of cytokinesis; includes vesicle recruitment and fusion, local lipid synthesis and insertion.
7110 meiosis I cytokinesis P A cell cycle process that results in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell after meiosis I, resulting in the separation of the original cell into two daughter cells.
7111 meiosis II cytokinesis P A cell cycle process that results in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell after meiosis II, resulting in the separation of the original cell into two daughter cells.
7112 male meiosis cytokinesis P A cell cycle process that occurs as part of the male meiotic cell cycle and results in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell to produce two daughter cells.
7113 endomitotic cell cycle P A mitotic cell cycle in which chromosomes are replicated and sister chromatids separate, but spindle formation, nuclear membrane breakdown and nuclear division do not occur, resulting in an increased number of chromosomes in the cell.
7114 cell budding P A form of asexual reproduction, occurring in certain bacteria and fungi (e.g. yeasts) and some primitive animals in which an individual arises from a daughter cell formed by pinching off a part of the parent cell. The budlike outgrowths so formed may sometimes remain attached to the parent cell.
7116 regulation of cell budding P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and growth of cell buds.
7117 budding cell bud growth P The process in which the bud portion of a cell that reproduces by budding irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present.
7118 budding cell apical bud growth P Growth at the tip of a bud, in a cell that reproduces by budding.
7119 budding cell isotropic bud growth P Unlocalized bud growth such that the entire surface of the bud expands evenly, in a cell that reproduces by budding.
7120 axial cellular bud site selection P The process of defining the next site of bud emergence adjacent to the last site of bud emergence on a budding cell.
7121 bipolar cellular bud site selection P The process of defining subsequent sites of bud emergence such that budding takes place at alternating poles of a budding cell.
7124 pseudohyphal growth P A pattern of cell growth that occurs in conditions of nitrogen limitation and abundant fermentable carbon source. Cells become elongated, switch to a unipolar budding pattern, remain physically attached to each other, and invade the growth substrate.
7126 meiotic nuclear division P One of the two nuclear divisions that occur as part of the meiotic cell cycle.
7127 meiosis I P The first meiotic nuclear division in which homologous chromosomes are paired and segregated from each other, producing two haploid daughter nuclei.
7128 meiotic prophase I P The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of meiosis I and during which chromosomes condense and the two daughter centrioles and their asters migrate toward the poles of the cell.
7129 synapsis P The meiotic cell cycle process where side by side pairing and physical juxtaposition of homologous chromosomes is created during meiotic prophase. Synapsis begins when the chromosome arms begin to pair from the clustered telomeres and ends when synaptonemal complex or linear element assembly is complete.
7130 synaptonemal complex assembly P The cell cycle process in which the synaptonemal complex is formed. This is a structure that holds paired chromosomes together during prophase I of meiosis and that promotes genetic recombination.
7131 reciprocal meiotic recombination P The cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate. This results in the equal exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids in a pair of homologous chromosomes. These reciprocal recombinant products ensure the proper segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I and create genetic diversity.
7132 meiotic metaphase I P The cell cycle phase, following prophase I, during which chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell as part of meiosis I.
7133 meiotic anaphase I P The cell cycle phase during which chromosomes separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle the as part of meiosis I.
7134 meiotic telophase I P The cell cycle phase which follows anaphase I of meiosis and during which the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts.
7135 meiosis II P The second nuclear division of meiosis, in which the two chromatids in each chromosome are separated, resulting in four daughter nuclei from the two nuclei produced in meiosis II.
7136 meiotic prophase II P The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of meiosis II and during which chromosomes condense and the two daughter centrioles and their asters migrate toward the poles of the cell.
7137 meiotic metaphase II P The cell cycle phase, following prophase II, during which chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell as part of meiosis II.
7138 meiotic anaphase II P The cell cycle phase during which chromosomes separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle the as part of meiosis II.
7139 meiotic telophase II P The cell cycle phase which follows anaphase II of meiosis and during which the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts.
7140 male meiosis P A cell cycle process by which the cell nucleus divides as part of a meiotic cell cycle in the male germline.
7141 male meiosis I P A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through male meiosis I, the first meiotic division in the male germline.
7142 male meiosis II P A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through male meiosis II, the second meiotic division in the male germline.
7143 female meiotic division P A cell cycle process by which the cell nucleus divides as part of a meiotic cell cycle in the female germline.
7144 female meiosis I P The cell cycle process in which the first meiotic division occurs in the female germline.
7146 meiotic recombination nodule assembly P During meiosis, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) to form small, electron dense structures in association with meiotic chromosomes.
7147 female meiosis II P The cell cycle process in which the second meiotic division occurs in the female germline.
7154 cell communication P Any process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.
7155 cell adhesion P The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules.
7156 homophilic cell adhesion via plasma membrane adhesion molecules P The attachment of a plasma membrane adhesion molecule in one cell to an identical molecule in an adjacent cell.
7157 heterophilic cell-cell adhesion via plasma membrane cell adhesion molecules P The attachment of an adhesion molecule in one cell to a nonidentical adhesion molecule in an adjacent cell.
7158 neuron cell-cell adhesion P The attachment of a neuron to another cell via adhesion molecules.
7159 leukocyte cell-cell adhesion P The attachment of a leukocyte to another cell via adhesion molecules.
7160 cell-matrix adhesion P The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules.
7161 calcium-independent cell-matrix adhesion P The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules that do not require the presence of calcium for the interaction.
7162 negative regulation of cell adhesion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion.
7163 establishment or maintenance of cell polarity P Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns.
7164 establishment of tissue polarity P Coordinated organization of groups of cells in a tissue, such that they all orient to similar coordinates.
7165 signal transduction P The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell.
7166 cell surface receptor signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by activation of a receptor on the surface of a cell. The pathway begins with binding of an extracellular ligand to a cell surface receptor, or for receptors that signal in the absence of a ligand, by ligand-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
7167 enzyme linked receptor protein signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell, where the receptor possesses catalytic activity or is closely associated with an enzyme such as a protein kinase, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
7168 receptor guanylyl cyclase signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses guanylyl cyclase activity, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
7169 transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses tyrosine kinase activity, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
7171 activation of transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity P Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity.
7172 signal complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a complex capable of relaying a signal within a cell.
7173 epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the tyrosine kinase receptor EGFR (ERBB1) on the surface of a cell. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
7174 epidermal growth factor catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of epidermal growth factor (EGF), following internalization of the receptor-bound ligand into the signal-receiving cell. Full breakdown of epidermal growth factor results in a ligand that is unable to bind and activate its receptor.
7175 negative regulation of epidermal growth factor-activated receptor activity P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of EGF-activated receptor activity.
7176 regulation of epidermal growth factor-activated receptor activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of EGF-activated receptor activity.
7178 transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses serine/threonine kinase activity, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
7179 transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
7181 transforming growth factor beta receptor complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a ligand-bound type II transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) receptor dimer with a type I TGF-beta receptor dimer, following ligand binding, to form a heterotetrameric TGF-beta receptor complex.
7182 common-partner SMAD protein phosphorylation P The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a common-partner SMAD protein. A common partner SMAD protein binds to pathway-restricted SMAD proteins forming a complex that translocates to the nucleus.
7183 SMAD protein complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex that contains SMAD proteins.
7184 SMAD protein import into nucleus P The directed movement of a SMAD proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways.
7185 transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses protein tyrosine phosphatase activity, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
7186 G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals that proceeds with an activated receptor promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The GTP-bound activated alpha-G-protein then dissociates from the beta- and gamma-subunits to further transmit the signal within the cell. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand interaction, or for basal GPCR signaling the pathway begins with the receptor activating its G protein in the absence of an agonist, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The pathway can start from the plasma membrane, Golgi or nuclear membrane (PMID:24568158 and PMID:16902576).
7187 G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation or inhibition of a nucleotide cyclase activity and a subsequent change in the concentration of a cyclic nucleotide.
7188 adenylate cyclase-modulating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds through activation or inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity and a subsequent change in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP).
7189 adenylate cyclase-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds through activation of adenylyl cyclase activity and a subsequent increase in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP).
7190 activation of adenylate cyclase activity P Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme adenylate cyclase.
7191 adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent increase in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP).
7192 adenylate cyclase-activating serotonin receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a serotonin receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent increase in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP).
7193 adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds through inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity and a subsequent decrease in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP).
7194 negative regulation of adenylate cyclase activity P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase activity.
7195 adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent decrease in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP).
7196 adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G-protein coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled glutamate receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent decrease in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP).
7197 adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent decrease in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP).
7198 adenylate cyclase-inhibiting serotonin receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a serotonin receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent decrease in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP).
7199 G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway coupled to cGMP nucleotide second messenger P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, followed by activation of guanylyl cyclase (GC) activity and a subsequent increase in the concentration of cyclic GMP (cGMP).
7200 phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and a subsequent increase in the concentration of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG).
7202 activation of phospholipase C activity P The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme phospolipase C as the result of a series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand.
7204 positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration P Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol.
7205 protein kinase C-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of protein kinase C (PKC). PKC is activated by second messengers including diacylglycerol (DAG).
7206 phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled glutamate receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and a subsequent release of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG).
7207 phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and a subsequent release of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG).
7208 phospholipase C-activating serotonin receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a serotonin receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and a subsequent release of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG).
7209 phospholipase C-activating tachykinin receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a tachykinin receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and a subsequent release of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG).
7210 serotonin receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a serotonin receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
7211 octopamine or tyramine signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of octopamine or tyramine binding to a cell surface receptor. Octopamine and tyramine are decarboxylation products of tyrosine, and are the invertebrate counterparts of the vertebrate adrenergic transmitters.
7212 dopamine receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
7213 G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals initiated by an acetylcholine receptor on the surface of the target cell binding to one of its physiological ligands, and proceeding with the activated receptor promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The GTP-bound activated alpha-G-protein then dissociates from the beta- and gamma-subunits to further transmit the signal within the cell. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand interaction and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
7214 gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated by the binding of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms, to a cell surface receptor.
7215 glutamate receptor signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of glutamate to a glutamate receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
7216 G-protein coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by glutamate binding to a glutamate receptor on the surface of the target cell, and proceeding with the activated receptor promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. Ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
7217 tachykinin receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a tachykinin, i.e. a short peptide with the terminal sequence (Phe-X-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2), binding to a cell surface receptor.
7218 neuropeptide signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a peptide neurotransmitter binding to a cell surface receptor.
7219 Notch signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to the receptor Notch on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
7220 Notch receptor processing P The series of successive proteolytic cleavages of the Notch protein, which result in an active form of the receptor.
7221 positive regulation of transcription of Notch receptor target P The activation of transcription of specific genes as a result of Notch signaling, mediated by the Notch intracellular domain.
7223 Wnt signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC).
7224 smoothened signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened.
7225 patched ligand maturation P The posttranslational modification of members of the Hedgehog family of signaling proteins in order for Hedgehog to exert its biological activity. These modifications include cleavage of its signal sequence, autocatalytic protein cleavage and the attachment of sterol groups.
7227 signal transduction downstream of smoothened P The series of molecular signals that are initiated by the transmembrane protein Smoothened. In the presence of a Hedgehog signaling molecule, the Patched protein no longer inhibits the activity of Smoothened, and Smoothened signals via the Hedgehog signaling complex to activate downstream components of the Hedgehog signaling pathway.
7228 positive regulation of hh target transcription factor activity P Any process that increases the activity of a transcription factor that activates transcription of Hedgehog-target genes in response to Smoothened signaling. In Drosophila, Cubitus interruptus (Ci) is the only identified transcription factor so far in the Hedgehog signaling pathway. In vertebrates, members of the Gli protein family are activated in this way. Activation of the Gli/Ci transcription factor is distinct from its stabilization, when proteolytic cleavage is inhibited.
7229 integrin-mediated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of extracellular ligand to an integrin on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
7231 osmosensory signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals initiated in response to osmotic change.
7232 osmosensory signaling pathway via Sho1 osmosensor P A series of molecular signals generated in response to osmotic change, as mediated through a Sho1 osmosensor system.
7234 osmosensory signaling via phosphorelay pathway P A series of molecular signals generated in response to osmotic change, as mediated through a phosphorelay system.
7249 I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling P The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell through the I-kappaB-kinase (IKK)-dependent activation of NF-kappaB. The cascade begins with activation of a trimeric IKK complex (consisting of catalytic kinase subunits IKKalpha and/or IKKbeta, and the regulatory scaffold protein NEMO) and ends with the regulation of transcription of target genes by NF-kappaB. In a resting state, NF-kappaB dimers are bound to I-kappaB proteins, sequestering NF-kappaB in the cytoplasm. Phosphorylation of I-kappaB targets I-kappaB for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thus releasing the NF-kappaB dimers, which can translocate to the nucleus to bind DNA and regulate transcription.
7250 activation of NF-kappaB-inducing kinase activity P The stimulation of the activity of NF-kappaB-inducing kinase through phosphorylation at specific residues.
7252 I-kappaB phosphorylation P The process of introducing a phosphate group into an inhibitor of kappa B (I-kappaB) protein. Phosphorylation of I-kappaB targets I-kappaB for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thus releasing bound NF-kappaB dimers, which can translocate to the nucleus to bind DNA and regulate transcription.
7253 cytoplasmic sequestering of NF-kappaB P The selective interaction of the transcription factor NF-kappaB with specific molecules in the cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting its translocation into the nucleus.
7254 JNK cascade P An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a JNK (a MAPK), a JNKK (a MAPKK) and a JUN3K (a MAP3K). The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.
7256 activation of JNKK activity P The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme JUN kinase kinase (JNKK) activity. JNKKs are involved in a signaling pathway that is primarily activated by cytokines and exposure to environmental stress.
7257 activation of JUN kinase activity P The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme JUN kinase (JNK).
7258 JUN phosphorylation P The process of introducing a phosphate group into a JUN protein.
7259 JAK-STAT cascade P Any process in which STAT proteins (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) and JAK (Janus Activated Kinase) proteins convey a signal to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. The JAK-STAT cascade begins with activation of STAT proteins by members of the JAK family of tyrosine kinases, proceeds through dimerization and subsequent nuclear translocation of STAT proteins, and ends with regulation of target gene expression by STAT proteins.
7260 tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein P The process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.
7262 STAT protein import into nucleus P The directed movement of dimerized STAT (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) proteins into the nucleus following activation by members of the janus activated kinase (JAK) family of tyrosine kinases.
7263 nitric oxide mediated signal transduction P Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via nitric oxide (NO). Includes synthesis of nitric oxide, receptors/sensors for nitric oxide (such as soluble guanylyl cyclase/sGC) and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell. Nitric oxide transmits its downstream effects through either cyclic GMP (cGMP)-dependent or independent mechanisms.
7264 small GTPase mediated signal transduction P Any series of molecular signals in which a small monomeric GTPase relays one or more of the signals.
7265 Ras protein signal transduction P A series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Ras superfamily of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state.
7266 Rho protein signal transduction P A series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Rho family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state.
7267 cell-cell signaling P Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. This process includes signal transduction in the receiving cell and, where applicable, release of a ligand and any processes that actively facilitate its transport and presentation to the receiving cell. Examples include signaling via soluble ligands, via cell adhesion molecules and via gap junctions.
7268 chemical synaptic transmission P The vesicular release of classical neurotransmitter molecules from a neuron, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of neurotransmitter receptors of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.
7269 neurotransmitter secretion P The regulated release of neurotransmitter from the presynapse into the synaptic cleft via calcium regualated exocytosis during synaptic transmission.
7270 neuron-neuron synaptic transmission P The process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse.
7271 synaptic transmission, cholinergic P The process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
7272 ensheathment of neurons P The process in which glial cells envelop neuronal cell bodies and/or axons to form an insulating layer. This can take the form of myelinating or non-myelinating ensheathment.
7274 neuromuscular synaptic transmission P The process of communication from a neuron to a muscle, across a synapse.
7275 multicellular organism development P The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).
7276 gamete generation P The generation and maintenance of gametes in a multicellular organism. A gamete is a haploid reproductive cell.
7277 pole cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pole cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
7278 pole cell fate determination P The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a pole cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
7279 pole cell formation P Formation of a small group of cells (pole cells) at the posterior pole of the insect blastula. They are the first cells to cellularize after the arrival of nuclei at the end of the syncytial blastula stage and are the precursors to the insect germ cells.
7280 pole cell migration P The directed movement of a pole cell (germline progenitors in insects) from its site of production at the posterior pole of the embryo through to the site where the gonads will form.
7281 germ cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an immature germ cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure (gamete). A germ cell is any reproductive cell in a multicellular organism.
7282 cystoblast division P Any of the rounds of incomplete mitosis undergone by a cystoblast to form a cyst of interconnected cells.
7283 spermatogenesis P The process of formation of spermatozoa, including spermatocytogenesis and spermiogenesis.
7284 spermatogonial cell division P The mitotic divisions of the primary spermatogonial cell (a primordial male germ cell) to form secondary spermatogonia (primary spermatocytes).
7285 primary spermatocyte growth P The phase of growth and gene expression that male germ cells undergo as they enter the spermatocyte stage. The cells grow in volume and transcribe most of the gene products needed for the morphological events that follow meiosis.
7286 spermatid development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spermatid over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
7287 Nebenkern assembly P Fusion of mitochondria during insect spermatid differentiation to form two masses, which wrap around each other to form a densely packed sphere called the Nebenkern.
7288 sperm axoneme assembly P The assembly and organization of the sperm flagellar axoneme, the bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of the eukaryotic sperm flagellum, and is responsible for movement.
7289 spermatid nucleus differentiation P The specialization of the spermatid nucleus during the development of a spermatid into a mature male gamete competent for fertilization.
7290 spermatid nucleus elongation P The change in shape of the spermatid nucleus from a spherical structure to an elongated organelle, during the latter part of spermatid differentiation.
7291 sperm individualization P The resolution of the male germline syncytium or cyst into individual gametes by packaging each spermatid into its own plasma membrane.
7292 female gamete generation P Generation of the female gamete; specialised haploid cells produced by meiosis and along with a male gamete takes part in sexual reproduction.
7293 germarium-derived egg chamber formation P Construction of a stage-1 egg chamber in the anterior part of the germarium, from the progeny of germ-line and somatic stem cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
7294 germarium-derived oocyte fate determination P The cell fate determination process in which a germarium-derived cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an oocyte cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
7295 growth of a germarium-derived egg chamber P Growth of the egg chamber between the time it leaves the germarium and the onset of vitellogenesis. During this time both nurse cells and the oocyte undergo developmental changes including nuclear organization and cytoplasmic growth. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
7296 vitellogenesis P The production of yolk. Yolk is a mixture of materials used for embryonic nutrition.
7297 ovarian follicle cell migration P The directed movement of an ovarian follicle cell that takes place during oogenesis. During egg chamber formation, follicle cells migrate to envelop the germ-line cysts and move in between cysts. At stage 10B, follicle cells migrate centripetally between the nurse cells and the oocyte, enclosing the anterior of the egg. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
7298 border follicle cell migration P The directed movement of a border cell through the nurse cells to reach the oocyte. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
7299 ovarian follicle cell-cell adhesion P The attachment of a somatic follicle cell to another somatic follicle cell or to its substratum, the germline cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
7300 ovarian nurse cell to oocyte transport P Transfer of constituents synthesized in the ovarian nurse cells to the oocyte, through the ring canals, as the egg chamber is growing. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
7301 female germline ring canal formation P Assembly of the intercellular bridges that connect the germ-line cells of a female cyst.
7302 nurse cell nucleus anchoring P Attachment of the nurse cell nucleus to the plasma membrane.
7303 cytoplasmic transport, nurse cell to oocyte P The directed movement of cytoplasmic constituents synthesized in the nurse cells to the oocyte.
7304 chorion-containing eggshell formation P The construction of a chorion-containing eggshell. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
7305 vitelline membrane formation involved in chorion-containing eggshell formation P Construction of the vitelline membrane portion of a chorion-containing eggshell. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
7306 eggshell chorion assembly P Construction of the chorion portion of the eggshell, which comprises the channels for gas exchange in an insect eggshell.
7307 eggshell chorion gene amplification P Amplification by up to 60-fold of the loci containing the chorion gene clusters. Amplification is necessary for the rapid synthesis of chorion proteins by the follicle cells, and occurs by repeated firing of one or more origins located within each gene cluster.
7308 oocyte construction P The synthesis, deposition, and organization of the materials in a cell of an ovary; where the cell can then undergo meiosis and form an ovum. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
7309 oocyte axis specification P The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of an axis in the oocyte. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
7310 oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification P The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis of the oocyte. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
7311 maternal specification of dorsal/ventral axis, oocyte, germ-line encoded P Polarization of the oocyte along the dorsal-ventral axis, by a gene product encoded by cells of the germ line. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
7312 oocyte nucleus migration involved in oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification P The directed movement of the oocyte nucleus within the cell as part of the establishment and maintenance of the dorsal/ventral axis of the oocyte. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
7313 maternal specification of dorsal/ventral axis, oocyte, soma encoded P Polarization of the oocyte along the dorsal-ventral axis, by a gene product encoded by somatic cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
7314 oocyte anterior/posterior axis specification P Polarization of the oocyte along its anterior-posterior axis. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
7315 pole plasm assembly P Establishment of the specialized cytoplasm found at the poles of the egg. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
7316 pole plasm RNA localization P Any process in which RNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
7317 regulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which oskar mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm.
7318 pole plasm protein localization P Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
7319 negative regulation of oskar mRNA translation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate that oskar mRNAs are effectively translated into protein.
7320 insemination P The introduction of semen or sperm into the genital tract of a female.
7321 sperm displacement P The physical displacement of sperm stored from previous mating encounters.
7323 peptide pheromone maturation P The generation of a mature, active peptide pheromone via processes unique to its processing and modification. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
7329 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by pheromones P Any process involving pheromones that activates or increases the rate of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
7338 single fertilization P The union of male and female gametes to form a zygote.
7339 binding of sperm to zona pellucida P The process in which the sperm binds to the zona pellucida glycoprotein layer of the egg. The process begins with the attachment of the sperm plasma membrane to the zona pellucida and includes attachment of the acrosome inner membrane to the zona pellucida after the acrosomal reaction takes place.
7340 acrosome reaction P The discharge, by sperm, of a single, anterior secretory granule following the sperm's attachment to the zona pellucida surrounding the oocyte. The process begins with the fusion of the outer acrosomal membrane with the sperm plasma membrane and ends with the exocytosis of the acrosomal contents into the egg.
7341 penetration of zona pellucida P The infiltration by sperm of the zona pellucida to reach the oocyte. The process involves digestive enzymes from a modified lysosome called the acrosome, situated at the head of the sperm.
7342 fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane P The binding and fusion of a sperm, having penetrated the zona pellucida, with the plasma membrane of the oocyte. Binding occurs at the posterior (post-acrosomal) region of the sperm head.
7343 egg activation P The process in which the egg becomes metabolically active, initiates protein and DNA synthesis and undergoes structural changes to its cortex and/or cytoplasm.
7344 pronuclear fusion P The merging of two pronuclei in a fertilized egg to fuse and produce a single zygotic genome.
7346 regulation of mitotic cell cycle P Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progress through the mitotic cell cycle.
7347 regulation of preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle P A cell cycle process that modulates the rate or extent of the progression through the preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle.
7348 regulation of syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle P A cell cycle process that modulates the rate or extent of the progression through the syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle.
7349 cellularization P The separation of a multi-nucleate cell or syncytium into individual cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster embryo development.
7350 blastoderm segmentation P The hierarchical steps resulting in the progressive subdivision of the anterior/posterior axis of the embryo.
7351 tripartite regional subdivision P Subdivision of the embryo along the anterior/posterior axis into anterior, posterior and terminal regions.
7352 zygotic specification of dorsal/ventral axis P The specification of the dorsal/ventral axis of the embryo, through the products of genes expressed in the zygote.
7354 zygotic determination of anterior/posterior axis, embryo P The specification of the anterior/posterior axis of the embryo by products of genes expressed in the zygote; exemplified in insects by the gap genes, pair rule genes and segment polarity gene cascade.
7355 anterior region determination P Specification of the anterior (head and thoracic segments) of the embryo by the gap genes; exemplified in insects by the actions of hunchback gene product.
7356 thorax and anterior abdomen determination P Specification of the central (trunk) regions of the embryo by the gap genes; exemplified in insects by the actions of the Kruppel gene product.
7357 positive regulation of central gap gene transcription P The activation of genes encoding transcription factors in the central region of an insect embryo by a combination of maternal regulatory signals and interactions among themselves; exemplified by the activation of expression of the Drosophila Kruppel gene by the hunchback and bicoid gene products.
7358 establishment of central gap gene boundaries P Specification of the borders of central gap gene expression mediated largely by the effects of other gap genes; in insects this is exemplified by knirps repression of Kruppel.
7359 posterior abdomen determination P The regionalization process in which the posterior (abdominal) regions of the embryo are specified by the gap genes.
7360 positive regulation of posterior gap gene transcription P The activation of genes encoding transcription factors in the posterior region of an insect embryo by a combination of maternal regulatory signals and interactions among themselves; exemplified by the activation of expression of the Drosophila knirps gene.
7361 establishment of posterior gap gene boundaries P Specification of the borders of posterior gap gene expression mediated largely by the effects of other gap genes; in insects this is exemplified by hunchback and tailless repression of knirps.
7362 terminal region determination P Specification of the terminal regions (the two non-segmented ends) of the embryo by the gap genes; exemplified in insects by the actions of huckebein and tailless gene products.
7363 positive regulation of terminal gap gene transcription P The activation of genes encoding transcription factors at the anterior and posterior ends of an insect embryo by a combination of maternal regulatory signals and interactions among themselves; exemplified by the activation of expression of the Drosophila tailless and huckebein genes.
7364 establishment of terminal gap gene boundary P Specification of the borders of terminal gap gene expression mediated largely by the effects of other gap genes.
7365 periodic partitioning P The regionalization process that divides the spatial regions of an embryo into serially repeated regions.
7366 periodic partitioning by pair rule gene P Allocation of cells to parasegments in the embryo, through the action of overlapping series of pair rule gene activities.
7367 segment polarity determination P Division of the 14 parasegments of the embryo into anterior and posterior compartments; exemplified by the actions of the segment polarity gene products.
7368 determination of left/right symmetry P The establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to the left and right halves. The pattern can either be symmetric, such that the halves are mirror images, or asymmetric where the pattern deviates from this symmetry.
7369 gastrulation P A complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.
7370 ventral furrow formation P Formation of a ventral indentation (furrow) from the blastoderm epithelium, which is internalized to form a tube in the interior of the embryo, marking the start of gastrulation.
7371 ventral midline determination P The regionalization process in which the area where the ventral midline will form is specified.
7374 posterior midgut invagination P Formation of a cup-shaped invagination at the posterior end of the embryo, bringing the posterior midgut and hindgut primordia into the interior.
7375 anterior midgut invagination P Internalization of the anterior midgut into the interior of the embryo.
7376 cephalic furrow formation P Formation of a partial necklace of inturning tissue on the lateral sides of the embryo, along the dorsal-ventral axis. This furrow demarcates head from thorax in the developing protostome.
7377 germ-band extension P Elongation of the germ band on the ventral side of the embryo, accompanied by a halving in width. The elongation process pushes the posterior midgut invagination closed and compresses the amnioserosa further.
7378 amnioserosa formation P Formation of the amnioserosa, an epithelium that occupies a hole in the embryonic dorsal epidermis. This occurs by the transformation of a narrow strip of cells at the dorsal midline of the blastoderm from columnar to squamous cells, accompanied by a lateral shift.
7379 segment specification P The process in which segments assume individual identities; exemplified in insects by the actions of the products of the homeotic genes.
7380 specification of segmental identity, head P The specification of the characteristic structures of the head segments following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
7381 specification of segmental identity, labial segment P The specification of the characteristic structures of the labial segment following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
7382 specification of segmental identity, maxillary segment P The specification of the characteristic structures of the maxillary segment following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
7383 specification of segmental identity, antennal segment P The specification of the characteristic structures of the antennal segment following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
7384 specification of segmental identity, thorax P The specification of the characteristic structures of the thoracic segments following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
7385 specification of segmental identity, abdomen P The specification of the characteristic structures of the abdominal segments following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
7386 compartment pattern specification P The regionalization process in which embryonic segments are divided into compartments that will result in differences in cell differentiation.
7387 anterior compartment pattern formation P The process giving rise to specification of cell identity in the anterior compartments of the segmented embryo.
7388 posterior compartment specification P The process involved in the specification of cell identity in the posterior compartments of the segmented embryo.
7389 pattern specification process P Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within an organism to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.
7390 germ-band shortening P The spreading of the amnioserosa from its compressed state to cover the whole of the dorsal surface. Initiating in the thorax and spreading posteriorly, it is accompanied by the transition from a parasegmental to segmental division of the embryo.
7391 dorsal closure P The process during Drosophila embryogenesis whereby the ectodermal cells of the lateral epithelium stretch in a coordinated fashion to internalize the amnioserosa cells and close the embryo dorsally.
7392 initiation of dorsal closure P Events that occur at the start of dorsal closure.
7393 dorsal closure, leading edge cell fate determination P The cell fate determination process in which a cell within the dorsal ectoderm becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a leading edge cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
7394 dorsal closure, elongation of leading edge cells P The change in shape of cells at the dorsal-most (leading) edge of the epidermis from being polygonal to being elongated in the dorsal/ventral axis.
7395 dorsal closure, spreading of leading edge cells P Dorsally-directed movement of a cell at the leading edge of the epithelium over the amnioserosa.
7396 suture of dorsal opening P Closure of the dorsal hole. Filopodia extending from each leading edge interdigitate at the dorsal midline and appear to prime the formation of adherens junctions between the two rows of leading edge cells. Newly formed septate junctions are also used to seal the dorsal hole.
7398 ectoderm development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In animal embryos, the ectoderm is the outer germ layer of the embryo, formed during gastrulation.
7399 nervous system development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state.
7400 neuroblast fate determination P The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neuroblast cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.
7402 ganglion mother cell fate determination P The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a ganglion mother cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
7403 glial cell fate determination P The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a glial cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
7405 neuroblast proliferation P The expansion of a neuroblast population by cell division. A neuroblast is any cell that will divide and give rise to a neuron.
7406 negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the proliferation of neuroblasts.
7407 neuroblast activation P A change in the morphology or behavior of a neuroblast resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand.
7409 axonogenesis P De novo generation of a long process of a neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells. Refers to the morphogenesis or creation of shape or form of the developing axon.
7411 axon guidance P The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
7412 axon target recognition P The process in which an axon recognizes and binds to a set of cells with which it may form stable connections.
7413 axonal fasciculation P The collection of axons into a bundle of rods, known as a fascicle.
7414 axonal defasciculation P Separation of axons away from a bundle of axons known as a fascicle.
7415 defasciculation of motor neuron axon P Separation of a motor axon away from a bundle of axons known as a fascicle.
7416 synapse assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse. This process ends when the synapse is mature (functional).
7417 central nervous system development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the central nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain and spinal cord. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord.
7418 ventral midline development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventral midline over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In protostomes (such as insects, snails and worms) as well as deuterostomes (vertebrates), the midline is an embryonic region that functions in patterning of the adjacent nervous tissue. The ventral midline in insects is a cell population extending along the ventral surface of the embryo and is the region from which cells detach to form the ventrally located nerve cords. In vertebrates, the midline is originally located dorsally. During development, it folds inwards and becomes the ventral part of the dorsally located neural tube and is then called the ventral midline, or floor plate.
7419 ventral cord development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventral cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ventral cord is one of the distinguishing traits of the central nervous system of all arthropods (such as insects, crustaceans and arachnids) as well as many other invertebrates, such as the annelid worms.
7420 brain development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Brain development begins with patterning events in the neural tube and ends with the mature structure that is the center of thought and emotion. The brain is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.).
7421 stomatogastric nervous system development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stomatogastric nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
7422 peripheral nervous system development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the peripheral nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The peripheral nervous system is one of the two major divisions of the nervous system. Nerves in the PNS connect the central nervous system (CNS) with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands.
7423 sensory organ development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of sensory organs over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
7424 open tracheal system development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an open tracheal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An open tracheal system is a respiratory system, a branched network of epithelial tubes that supplies oxygen to target tissues via spiracles. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
7425 epithelial cell fate determination, open tracheal system P The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an epithelial cell within an open tracheal system regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. Tracheal cells are set aside as 10 clusters of approximately 80 cells on each side of the embryo (termed tracheal placodes). An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
7426 tracheal outgrowth, open tracheal system P The projection of branches of an open tracheal system towards their target tissues. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
7427 epithelial cell migration, open tracheal system P The orderly movement of epithelial cells during development of an open tracheal system. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
7428 primary branching, open tracheal system P Formation of primary branches in the open tracheal system. These form from small groups of cells that migrate out at specific positions, organizing into tubes as they migrate. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
7429 secondary branching, open tracheal system P Sprouting of secondary branches in an open tracheal system. These form from the tips of primary branches and are formed by individual cells that roll up into unicellular tubes. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
7430 terminal branching, open tracheal system P Formation of terminal branches in the open tracheal system. These are long cytoplasmic extensions that form fine tubules that transport oxygen directly to the tissues. An example of the process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
7431 salivary gland development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the salivary gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Salivary glands include any of the saliva-secreting exocrine glands of the oral cavity.
7432 salivary gland boundary specification P Determination of where the salivary gland forms, the total number of salivary gland cells and how many cells are allocated to each of the specialised cell types within the salivary gland.
7433 larval salivary gland boundary specification P Determination in a larval organism of where the salivary gland forms, the total number of salivary gland cells and how many cells are allocated to each of the specialised cell types within the salivary gland.
7434 adult salivary gland boundary specification P Determination in an adult organism of where the salivary gland forms, the total number of salivary gland cells and how many cells are allocated to each of the specialised cell types within the salivary gland.
7435 salivary gland morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the salivary gland are generated and organized.
7436 larval salivary gland morphogenesis P The process, occurring in the larva, by which the anatomical structures of the salivary gland are generated and organized.
7437 adult salivary gland morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the adult salivary gland are generated and organized.
7438 oenocyte development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the oenocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The oenocytes are large secretory cells found in clusters underlying the epidermis of larval abdominal segments.
7439 ectodermal digestive tract development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectodermal digestive tract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ectodermal digestive tract includes those portions that are derived from ectoderm.
7440 foregut morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the foregut are generated and organized.
7441 anterior midgut (ectodermal) morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the anterior midgut (ectodermal) are generated and organized.
7442 hindgut morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the hindgut are generated and organized.
7443 Malpighian tubule morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the Malpighian tubule are generated and organized. This process takes place entirely during the embryonic phase. A Malpighian tubule is a fine, thin-walled excretory tubule in insects which leads into the posterior part of the gut.
7444 imaginal disc development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the imaginal disc over time, from its formation to the metamorphosis to form adult structures. Imaginal discs are epithelial infoldings in the larvae of holometabolous insects that develop into adult structures (legs, antennae, wings, etc.).
7445 determination of imaginal disc primordium P Allocation of embryonic cells to the imaginal disc founder populations, groups of cells that are committed to contribute to the formation of an imaginal disc compartment.
7446 imaginal disc growth P The increase in mass of imaginal discs by cell proliferation prior to metamorphosis. Imaginal discs are epithelial infoldings in the larvae of holometabolous insects that develop into adult structures (legs, antennae, wings, etc.) during metamorphosis from larval to adult form.
7447 imaginal disc pattern formation P The regionalization process that results in defined areas of the imaginal disc that will undergo specific cell differentaiton. Imaginal discs are epithelial infoldings in the larvae of holometabolous insects that develop into adult appendages (legs, antennae, wings, etc.) during metamorphosis from larval to adult form.
7448 anterior/posterior pattern specification, imaginal disc P The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis of the imaginal disc. Imaginal discs are epithelial infoldings in the larvae of holometabolous insects that rapidly develop into adult appendages during metamorphosis from larval to adult form.
7449 proximal/distal pattern formation, imaginal disc P The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the proximal/distal axis of the imaginal disc. Imaginal disks are masses of hypodermic cells, carried by the larvae of some insects after leaving the egg, from which masses the wings and legs of the adult are subsequently formed.
7450 dorsal/ventral pattern formation, imaginal disc P The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis of the imaginal disc. Imaginal disks are masses of hypodermic cells, carried by the larvae of some insects after leaving the egg, from which masses the wings and legs of the adult are subsequently formed.
7451 dorsal/ventral lineage restriction, imaginal disc P Formation and/or maintenance of a lineage boundary between dorsal and ventral compartments that cells cannot cross, thus separating the populations of cells in each compartment.
7453 clypeo-labral disc morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the clypeo-labral disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a clypeo-labal imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into recognizable adult structures including the labrum, anterior and posterior cibarial plates, fish trap bristles, epistomal sclerite and clypeus.
7454 labial disc morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the labial disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a labial imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into recognizable adult structures including parts of the proboscis.
7455 eye-antennal disc morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the eye-antennal disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of an eye-antennal imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into recognizable adult structures including the eye, antenna, head capsule and maxillary palps.
7458 progression of morphogenetic furrow involved in compound eye morphogenesis P The morphogenetic furrow is a dorsoventral indentation which sweeps anteriorly across the eye disc. Ommatidia begin to form along the furrow, resulting in a graded series of ommatidial development across the anterior/posterior axis of the disc.
7460 R8 cell fate commitment P The process in which the R8 photoreceptor commits to its cell fate. The R8 receptor contributes the central part of the rhabdomere in the basal parts of the ommatidium.
7462 R1/R6 cell fate commitment P The process in which the R1/R6 photoreceptors commit to their cell fate. R1 and R6 are paired photoreceptors which contribute the outer rhabdomeres.
7463 R2/R5 cell fate commitment P The process in which the R2/R5 photoreceptors commit to their cell fate. R2 and R5 are paired photoreceptors which contribute the outer rhabdomeres.
7464 R3/R4 cell fate commitment P The process in which the R3/R4 photoreceptors commit to their cell fate. R3 and R4 are paired photoreceptors which contribute the outer rhabdomeres.
7465 R7 cell fate commitment P The process in which the R7 photoreceptor commits to its cell fate. The R7 receptor contributes the central part of the rhabdomere in the apical parts of the ommatidium.
7468 regulation of rhodopsin gene expression P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of rhodopsin gene expression. This includes transcriptional, translational, or posttranslational regulation.
7469 antennal development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the antenna over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The antenna are the sensory structures on the head that are capable of detecting various environmental stimuli.
7470 prothoracic disc morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the prothoracic disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a prothoracic imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into the recognizable adult humerous and anterior spiracle.
7472 wing disc morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the wing disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a wing imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into recognizable adult structures including the wing hinge, wing blade and pleura.
7473 wing disc proximal/distal pattern formation P The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the proximal/distal axis of the wing disc, a precursor to the adult wing.
7474 imaginal disc-derived wing vein specification P The regionalization process in which the area of a imaginal disc-derived wing that will form a wing vein is specified.
7475 apposition of dorsal and ventral imaginal disc-derived wing surfaces P The coming together of the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the imaginal disc-derived wing during the conversion of a folded single layered wing disc to a flat bilayered wing.
7476 imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the imaginal disc-derived wing are generated and organized. The wing is an appendage modified for flying.
7477 notum development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dorsal part of the body over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
7478 leg disc morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the leg disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a leg imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into recognizable adult structures including the leg, coxa and ventral thoracic pleura.
7479 leg disc proximal/distal pattern formation P The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the proximal/distal axis of the leg imaginal disc, a precursor to the adult leg.
7480 imaginal disc-derived leg morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of a leg derived from an imaginal disc are generated and organized. A leg is a limb on which an animal walks and stands. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
7481 haltere disc morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the haltere disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a haltere imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into the recognizable adult capitellum, pedicel, haltere sclerite, metathoracic spiracle and metanotum.
7482 haltere development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the haltere over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The haltere is the club-shaped 'balancers' found on each side of the metathorax among the true flies (Diptera). They are the much-modified hind wings.
7483 genital disc morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the genital disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a genital imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into the recognizable adult genital structures, the anal plates and the hind gut.
7484 imaginal disc-derived genitalia development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the genitalia over time, from formation as part of the genital disc to the mature structure. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
7485 imaginal disc-derived male genitalia development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male genitalia over time, from formation as part of the genital disc to the mature structure. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
7486 imaginal disc-derived female genitalia development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the female genitalia over time, from formation as part of the genital disc to the mature structure. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
7487 analia development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the analia over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc. An example of this process is analia development in Drosophila melanogaster.
7488 histoblast morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the histoblast disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of histoblast cells into adult structures during pupal metamorphosis. Histoblast cells are cells founded in the embryo that are the progenitors to the adult abdomen.
7489 maintenance of imaginal histoblast diploidy P The negative regulation of the differentiation of polytenized larval hypodermal cells from abdominal histoblasts. The abdominal histoblasts remain a small cluster of diploid cells among the polytenized larval hypodermal cells.
7490 tergite morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the tergite are generated and organized. The tergite is the primary plate or sclerite forming the dorsal surface of any insect body segment.
7491 sternite morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the sternite are generated and organized. The sternite is the plate or sclerite on the underside of a body segment.
7492 endoderm development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endoderm is the innermost germ layer that develops into the gastrointestinal tract, the lungs and associated tissues.
7493 endodermal cell fate determination P The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an endoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
7494 midgut development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the midgut over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The midgut is the middle part of the alimentary canal from the stomach, or entrance of the bile duct, to, or including, the large intestine.
7495 visceral mesoderm-endoderm interaction involved in midgut development P The process of cell-cell signaling between visceral mesoderm cells and endoderm cells that is involved in the differentiation of cells in the midgut.
7496 anterior midgut development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior midgut over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
7497 posterior midgut development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior midgut over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
7498 mesoderm development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesoderm is the middle germ layer that develops into muscle, bone, cartilage, blood and connective tissue.
7499 ectoderm and mesoderm interaction P A cell-cell signaling process occurring between the two gastrulation-generated layers of the ectoderm and the mesoderm.
7500 mesodermal cell fate determination P The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a mesoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
7501 mesodermal cell fate specification P The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a mesoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
7502 digestive tract mesoderm development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive tract mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive tract mesoderm is portion of the middle layer of the three primary germ layers of the embryo which will go on to form part of the digestive tract of the organism.
7503 fat body development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fat body over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A fat body is an insect gland dorsal to the insect gut, with a function analogous to that of the vertebrate liver. It is a storage organ for fats, glycogen and protein and is a major site of intermediary metabolism.
7504 larval fat body development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larval fat body over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The larval fat body consists of a bilaterally symmetrical monolayer of cells lying between the gut and the muscles of the body wall. As in other tissues of the larva, the cells of the fat body complete their divisions in the embryo and increase in size and ploidy during larval life.
7505 adult fat body development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adult fat body over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Larval fat body cells that remain at eclosion degenerate in the first 2 to 4 days of adult life, leaving behind the smaller cells of the adult fat body.
7506 gonadal mesoderm development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gonadal mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The gonadal mesoderm is the middle layer of the three primary germ layers of the embryo which will go on to form the gonads of the organism.
7507 heart development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.
7508 larval heart development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larval heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In Drosophila the larval heart (dorsal vessel) is a continuous tube of mesodormal cells that runs beneath the dorsal midline of the epidermis, divided into an anterior aorta and a posterior heart proper.
7509 mesoderm migration involved in gastrulation P The migration of mesodermal cells during gastrulation to help establish the multilayered body plan of the organism.
7510 cardioblast cell fate determination P The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a cardioblast cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.
7512 adult heart development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adult heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
7516 hemocyte development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hemocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen.
7517 muscle organ development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The muscle is an organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work.
7518 myoblast fate determination P The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a myoblast regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
7519 skeletal muscle tissue development P The developmental sequence of events leading to the formation of adult skeletal muscle tissue. The main events are: the fusion of myoblasts to form myotubes that increase in size by further fusion to them of myoblasts, the formation of myofibrils within their cytoplasm and the establishment of functional neuromuscular junctions with motor neurons. At this stage they can be regarded as mature muscle fibers.
7520 myoblast fusion P A process in which non-proliferating myoblasts fuse to existing fibers or to myotubes to form new fibers. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
7521 muscle cell fate determination P The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a muscle cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
7522 visceral muscle development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the visceral muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
7523 larval visceral muscle development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larval visceral muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
7524 adult visceral muscle development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adult visceral muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
7525 somatic muscle development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the somatic muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Somatic muscles are striated muscle structures that connect to the exoskeleton or cuticle.
7526 larval somatic muscle development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larval somatic muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
7527 adult somatic muscle development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adult somatic muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
7528 neuromuscular junction development P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a neuromuscular junction.
7529 establishment of synaptic specificity at neuromuscular junction P The biological process in which a synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle is initially formed.
7530 sex determination P Any process that establishes and transmits the specification of sexual status of an individual organism.
7531 mating type determination P Any process that establishes and transmits the specification of mating type upon an individual. Mating types are the equivalent in microorganisms of the sexes in higher organisms.
7532 regulation of mating-type specific transcription, DNA-templated P Any mating-type specific process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
7533 mating type switching P The conversion of a single-cell organism from one mating type to another by the precise replacement of a DNA sequence at the expressed mating type locus with a copy of a sequence from a donor locus.
7534 gene conversion at mating-type locus P The conversion of the mating-type locus from one allele to another resulting from the recombinational repair of a site-specific double-strand break at the mating-type locus with information from a silent donor sequence. There is no reciprocal exchange of information because the mating-type locus copies information from the donor sequence and the donor sequence remains unchanged.
7535 donor selection P The process that determines which donor locus a cell uses, in preference to another, in mating type switching.
7536 activation of recombination (HML) P The activation of recombination at a mating type locus, such that it is used in preference to the other donor locus for mating type switching; exemplified by the HML locus and surrounding sequences on Chromosome III in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
7537 inactivation of recombination (HML) P The inactivation of recombination at sequences around a mating type donor locus, with the consequence that the other donor is the only one available for mating type switching; exemplified by the HML locus and surrounding sequences on Chromosome III in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
7538 primary sex determination P The sex determination process that results in the initial specification of sexual status of an individual organism.
7539 primary sex determination, soma P The transmission of information about sexual status from the initial, general, determination to signals specific to the soma.
7540 sex determination, establishment of X:A ratio P The developmental process in which an organism senses the number of X chromosomes and autosomes in its genomic complement and responds to it.
7541 sex determination, primary response to X:A ratio P The developmental process in which an organism interprets its X to autosomal chromosomal complement.
7542 primary sex determination, germ-line P The transmission of information about sexual status, from the initial general determination, to signals specific to the germ-line.
7543 sex determination, somatic-gonadal interaction P The process that mediates the interactions between somatic cells and gonadal cells that ultimately results in the specification of sexual status of the organism.
7545 processes downstream of sex determination signal P The sex determination processes that take place after the initial transmission of the sexual phenotype to specific information pathways.
7546 somatic processes downstream of sex determination signal P The events determining the somatic sexual phenotype after the initial transmission of that phenotype to soma-specific information pathways.
7547 germ-line processes downstream of sex determination signal P The events determining the germ-line sexual phenotype after the initial transmission of that phenotype to germ-line-specific information pathways.
7548 sex differentiation P The establishment of the sex of an organism by physical differentiation.
7549 dosage compensation P Compensating for the two-fold variation in X:autosome chromosome ratios between sexes by a global activation or inactivation of all, or most of, genes on one or both of the X chromosomes.
7552 metamorphosis P A biological process in which an animal physically develops after birth or hatching, involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt change in the animal's form or structure. Examples include the change from tadpole to frog, and the change from larva to adult. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
7553 regulation of ecdysteroid metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving ecdysteroids, a group of polyhydroxylated ketosteroids which initiate post-embryonic development, including the metamorphosis of immature forms and the development of the reproductive system and the maturation of oocytes in adult females.
7554 regulation of ecdysteroid biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ecdysteroids.
7555 regulation of ecdysteroid secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of ecdysteroid from a cell.
7556 regulation of juvenile hormone metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving juvenile hormone.
7557 regulation of juvenile hormone biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of juvenile hormone.
7558 regulation of juvenile hormone secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of juvenile hormone secretion.
7560 imaginal disc morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures derived from an imaginal disc are generated and organized. The imaginal discs are epithelial infoldings in the larvae of holometabolous insects that develop into adult appendages (legs, antennae, wings, etc.) during metamorphosis from larval to adult form.
7561 imaginal disc eversion P The eversion (turning inside out) of imaginal discs from their peripodial sacs, resulting in movement of the epithelium to the outside of the larval epidermis.
7562 eclosion P The emergence of an adult insect from a pupa case.
7563 regulation of eclosion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the emergence of an insect from a pupa-case or of a larva from an egg.
7564 regulation of chitin-based cuticle tanning P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chitin-based cuticular tanning.
7565 female pregnancy P The set of physiological processes that allow an embryo or foetus to develop within the body of a female animal. It covers the time from fertilization of a female ovum by a male spermatozoon until birth.
7566 embryo implantation P Attachment of the blastocyst to the uterine lining.
7567 parturition P The reproductive process in which the parent is separated from its offspring either by giving birth to live young or by laying eggs.
7568 aging P A developmental process that is a deterioration and loss of function over time. Aging includes loss of functions such as resistance to disease, homeostasis, and fertility, as well as wear and tear. Aging includes cellular senescence, but is more inclusive. May precede death and may succeed developmental maturation (GO:0021700).
7569 cell aging P An aging process that has as participant a cell after a cell has stopped dividing. Cell aging may occur when a cell has temporarily stopped dividing through cell cycle arrest (GO:0007050) or when a cell has permanently stopped dividing, in which case it is undergoing cellular senescence (GO:0090398). May precede cell death (GO:0008219) and succeed cell maturation (GO:0048469).
7571 age-dependent general metabolic decline P A developmental process that arises as the cell progresses toward the end of its lifespan and cause changes cellular metabolism, resulting in a decline in cell function; for example, one aspect of general metabolic decline is a decrease in the efficiency of protein synthesis.
7576 nucleolar fragmentation P The cell aging process that results in the nucleolus breaking down into fragments.
7580 extrachromosomal circular DNA accumulation involved in cell aging P Increase in abundance, as cells age, of circular DNA molecules that originate in the chromosome but are excised and circularized, often by intramolecular homologous recombination between direct tandem repeats, and replicated independently of chromosomal replication.
7584 response to nutrient P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nutrient stimulus.
7585 respiratory gaseous exchange P The process of gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. In plants, microorganisms, and many small animals, air or water makes direct contact with the organism's cells or tissue fluids, and the processes of diffusion supply the organism with dioxygen (O2) and remove carbon dioxide (CO2). In larger animals the efficiency of gaseous exchange is improved by specialized respiratory organs, such as lungs and gills, which are ventilated by breathing mechanisms.
7586 digestion P The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by multicellular organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.
7588 excretion P The elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. These products include water, carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrogenous compounds.
7589 body fluid secretion P The controlled release of a fluid by a cell or tissue in an animal.
7591 molting cycle, chitin-based cuticle P The periodic shedding of part or all of a chitin-based cuticle, which is then replaced by a new cuticle. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
7593 chitin-based cuticle sclerotization P The process of hardening of a chitin-based cuticle.
7594 puparial adhesion P The adhesion of the puparia of Diptera to their substrate; normally effected by a 'glue' secreted by the larval salivary gland and expectorated at the time of pupariation.
7595 lactation P The secretion of milk by the mammary gland.
7596 blood coagulation P The sequential process in which the multiple coagulation factors of the blood interact, ultimately resulting in the formation of an insoluble fibrin clot; it may be divided into three stages: stage 1, the formation of intrinsic and extrinsic prothrombin converting principle; stage 2, the formation of thrombin; stage 3, the formation of stable fibrin polymers.
7597 blood coagulation, intrinsic pathway P A protein activation cascade that contributes to blood coagulation and consists of the interactions among high molecular weight kininogen, prekallikrein, and factor XII that lead to the activation of clotting factor X.
7598 blood coagulation, extrinsic pathway P A protein activation cascade that contributes to blood coagulation and consists of the self-limited process linking exposure and activation of tissue factor to the activation of clotting factor X.
7599 hemostasis P The stopping of bleeding (loss of body fluid) or the arrest of the circulation to an organ or part.
7600 sensory perception P The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.
7601 visual perception P The series of events required for an organism to receive a visual stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Visual stimuli are detected in the form of photons and are processed to form an image.
7602 phototransduction P The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons into a molecular signal.
7603 phototransduction, visible light P The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons from visible light into a molecular signal. A visible light stimulus is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived visually by an organism; for organisms lacking a visual system, this can be defined as light with a wavelength within the range 380 to 780 nm.
7604 phototransduction, UV P The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons from UV light into a molecular signal; ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 400 nanometers.
7605 sensory perception of sound P The series of events required for an organism to receive an auditory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Sonic stimuli are detected in the form of vibrations and are processed to form a sound.
7606 sensory perception of chemical stimulus P The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory chemical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.
7608 sensory perception of smell P The series of events required for an organism to receive an olfactory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Olfaction involves the detection of chemical composition of an organism's ambient medium by chemoreceptors. This is a neurological process.
7610 behavior P The internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli.
7611 learning or memory P The acquisition and processing of information and/or the storage and retrieval of this information over time.
7612 learning P Any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs as the result of experience.
7613 memory P The activities involved in the mental information processing system that receives (registers), modifies, stores, and retrieves informational stimuli. The main stages involved in the formation and retrieval of memory are encoding (processing of received information by acquisition), storage (building a permanent record of received information as a result of consolidation) and retrieval (calling back the stored information and use it in a suitable way to execute a given task).
7614 short-term memory P The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information received a short time (up to about 30 minutes) ago. This type of memory is typically dependent on direct, transient effects of second messenger activation.
7615 anesthesia-resistant memory P The memory process that results in the formation of consolidated memory resistant to disruption of the patterned activity of the brain, without requiring protein synthesis.
7616 long-term memory P The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information a long time (typically weeks, months or years) after receiving that information. This type of memory is typically dependent on gene transcription regulated by second messenger activation.
7617 mating behavior P The behavioral interactions between organisms for the purpose of mating, or sexual reproduction resulting in the formation of zygotes.
7618 mating P The pairwise union of individuals for the purpose of sexual reproduction, ultimately resulting in the formation of zygotes.
7619 courtship behavior P The behavioral interactions between organisms for the purpose of attracting sexual partners.
7620 copulation P The act of sexual union between male and female, involving the transfer of sperm.
7621 negative regulation of female receptivity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the receptiveness of a female to male advances.
7622 rhythmic behavior P The specific behavior of an organism that recur with measured regularity.
7623 circadian rhythm P Any biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.
7624 ultradian rhythm P The specific actions or reactions of an organism that recur with a regularity more frequent than every 24 hours.
7625 grooming behavior P The specific behavior of an organism relating to grooming, cleaning and brushing to remove dirt and parasites.
7626 locomotory behavior P The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli. Locomotion of a whole organism in a manner dependent upon some combination of that organism's internal state and external conditions.
7628 adult walking behavior P The behavior of an adult relating to the progression of that organism along the ground by the process of lifting and setting down each leg.
7629 flight behavior P The response to external or internal stimuli that results in the locomotory process of flight. Flight is the self-propelled movement of an organism through the air.
7630 jump response P The sudden, usually upward, movement off the ground or other surface through sudden muscular effort in the legs, following exposure to an external stimulus.
7631 feeding behavior P Behavior associated with the intake of food.
7632 visual behavior P The behavior of an organism in response to a visual stimulus.
7633 pattern orientation P The actions or reactions of an individual in response to the orientation of a visual pattern. This is exemplified by some classes of insects which are able to detect and learn the orientation of a set of stripes and subsequently behaviorally discriminate between horizontal, vertical or 45 degree stripes.
7634 optokinetic behavior P The behavior of an organism pertaining to movement of the eyes and of objects in the visual field, as in nystagmus.
7635 chemosensory behavior P Behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of chemicals.
7636 chemosensory jump behavior P The sudden, usually upward, movement off the ground or other surface through sudden muscular effort in the legs, following exposure to a chemical substance.
7637 proboscis extension reflex P The extension, through direct muscle actions, of the proboscis (the trunk-like extension of the mouthparts on the adult external head) in response to a sugar stimulus.
7638 mechanosensory behavior P Behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of a mechanical stimulus.
7639 homeostasis of number of meristem cells P Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells in the meristem.
8002 lamina lucida C The electron-lucent layer of the basal lamina adjacent to the basal plasma membrane of the cells that rest on the lamina.
8003 lamina densa C The electron-dense layer of the basal lamina; lies just below the lamina lucida.
8004 lamina reticularis C A layer of the basal lamina that contains collagen fibrils and connects the basal lamina to the underlying connective tissue.
8009 chemokine activity F The function of a family of small chemotactic cytokines; their name is derived from their ability to induce directed chemotaxis in nearby responsive cells. All chemokines possess a number of conserved cysteine residues involved in intramolecular disulfide bond formation. Some chemokines are considered pro-inflammatory and can be induced during an immune response to recruit cells of the immune system to a site of infection, while others are considered homeostatic and are involved in controlling the migration of cells during normal processes of tissue maintenance or development. Chemokines are found in all vertebrates, some viruses and some bacteria.
8010 structural constituent of chitin-based larval cuticle F The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the chitin-based cuticle of a larva. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
8011 structural constituent of pupal chitin-based cuticle F The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the chitin-based cuticle of a pupa. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
8012 structural constituent of adult chitin-based cuticle F The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the chitin-based cuticle of an adult organism. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
8013 beta-catenin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the beta subunit of the catenin complex.
8015 blood circulation P The flow of blood through the body of an animal, enabling the transport of nutrients to the tissues and the removal of waste products.
8016 regulation of heart contraction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction. Heart contraction is the process in which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body.
8017 microtubule binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with microtubules, filaments composed of tubulin monomers.
8020 G-protein coupled photoreceptor activity F Combining with incidental electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light, and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
8021 synaptic vesicle C A secretory organelle, typically 50 nm in diameter, of presynaptic nerve terminals; accumulates in high concentrations of neurotransmitters and secretes these into the synaptic cleft by fusion with the 'active zone' of the presynaptic plasma membrane.
8022 protein C-terminus binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein C-terminus, the end of any peptide chain at which the 1-carboxy function of a constituent amino acid is not attached in peptide linkage to another amino-acid residue.
8023 transcription elongation factor complex C Any protein complex that interacts with RNA polymerase II to increase (positive transcription elongation factor) or reduce (negative transcription elongation factor) the rate of transcription elongation.
8024 cyclin/CDK positive transcription elongation factor complex C A transcription elongation factor complex that facilitates the transition from abortive to productive elongation by phosphorylating the CTD domain of the large subunit of DNA-directed RNA polymerase II, holoenzyme. Contains a cyclin and a cyclin-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit.
8026 ATP-dependent helicase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to drive the unwinding of a DNA or RNA helix.
8028 monocarboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of monocarboxylic acids from one side of the membrane to the other. A monocarboxylic acid is an organic acid with one COOH group.
8029 pentraxin receptor activity F Combining with a pentraxin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
8030 neuronal pentraxin receptor activity F Combining with a neuronal pentraxin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
8031 eclosion hormone activity F The action characteristic of eclosion hormone, a peptide hormone that, upon receptor binding, triggers the death of certain muscles and neurons during insect metamorphosis.
8033 tRNA processing P The process in which a pre-tRNA molecule is converted to a mature tRNA, ready for addition of an aminoacyl group.
8035 high-density lipoprotein particle binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with high-density lipoprotein particle, a lipoprotein particle with a high density (typically 1.063-1.21 g/ml) and a diameter of 5-10 nm that contains APOAs and may contain APOCs and APOE.
8036 diuretic hormone receptor activity F Combining with a diuretic hormone and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.
8037 cell recognition P The process in which a cell in an organism interprets its surroundings.
8038 neuron recognition P The process in which a neuronal cell in a multicellular organism interprets its surroundings.
8039 synaptic target recognition P The process in which a neuronal cell in a multicellular organism interprets signals produced by potential target cells, with which it may form synapses.
8043 intracellular ferritin complex C A ferritin complex located in the cell. Intracellular ferritin complexes contain 24 subunits, in a mixture of L (light) chains and H (heavy) chains.
8045 motor neuron axon guidance P The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a motor neuron is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
8046 axon guidance receptor activity F Combining with an extracellular messenger and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to results in a change in cellular activity involved in axon guidance.
8047 enzyme activator activity F Binds to and increases the activity of an enzyme.
8048 calcium sensitive guanylate cyclase activator activity F Binds to and increases the activity of guanylate cyclase in response to a change in calcium ion concentration.
8049 male courtship behavior P The behavior of a male, for the purpose of attracting a sexual partner. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
8050 female courtship behavior P The behavior of a female, for the purpose of attracting a sexual partner.
8052 sensory organ boundary specification P The process in which boundaries between a sensory organ and the surrounding tissue are established and maintained.
8053 mitochondrial fusion P Merging of two or more mitochondria within a cell to form a single compartment.
8055 ocellus pigment biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ocellus pigments, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, found or utilized in the ocellus, a minute simple eye found in many invertebrates.
8056 ocellus development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ocellus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ocellus is a simple visual organ of insects.
8057 eye pigment granule organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of intracellular pigment storage granules in the eye.
8058 ocellus pigment granule organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of intracellular pigment storage granules in the ocellus.
8061 chitin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues.
8062 eclosion rhythm P The timing of the emergence of the adult fly from its pupal case, which usually occurs at dawn.
8063 Toll signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to the receptor Toll on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
8064 regulation of actin polymerization or depolymerization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly or disassembly of actin filaments by the addition or removal of actin monomers from a filament.
8065 establishment of blood-nerve barrier P The establishment of the barrier between the perineurium of peripheral nerves and the vascular endothelium of endoneurial capillaries. The perineurium acts as a diffusion barrier, but ion permeability at the blood-nerve barrier is still higher than at the blood-brain barrier.
8066 glutamate receptor activity F Combining with glutamate and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
8068 extracellular-glutamate-gated chloride channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a channel that opens when extracellular glutamate has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
8069 dorsal/ventral axis specification, ovarian follicular epithelium P Polarization of the ovarian follicle cells along the dorsal/ventral axis. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
8070 maternal determination of dorsal/ventral axis, ovarian follicular epithelium, germ-line encoded P Polarization of the ovarian follicle cells along the dorsal-ventral axis by a gene product encoded by cells of the germ line.
8071 maternal determination of dorsal/ventral axis, ovarian follicular epithelium, soma encoded P Polarization of the ovarian follicle cells along the dorsal-ventral axis by a gene product encoded by somatic cells. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
8073 ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor activity F The stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase.
8074 guanylate cyclase complex, soluble C Complex that possesses guanylate cyclase activity and is not bound to a membrane.
8076 voltage-gated potassium channel complex C A protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which potassium ions may cross a cell membrane in response to changes in membrane potential.
8078 mesodermal cell migration P The orderly movement of mesodermal cells from one site to another.
8079 translation termination factor activity F Functions in the termination of translation.
8080 N-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of an acetyl group to a nitrogen atom on the acceptor molecule.
8081 phosphoric diester hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a phosphodiester to give a phosphomonoester and a free hydroxyl group.
8083 growth factor activity F The function that stimulates a cell to grow or proliferate. Most growth factors have other actions besides the induction of cell growth or proliferation.
8084 imaginal disc growth factor receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an imaginal disc growth factor receptor.
8086 light-activated voltage-gated calcium channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a voltage-gated channel that is activated in response to light. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
8087 light-activated voltage-gated calcium channel complex C A protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which calcium ions may cross a cell membrane in response to changes in membrane potential generated in response to a light stimulus.
8088 axo-dendritic transport P The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules in neuron projections.
8089 anterograde axonal transport P The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules from the cell body toward the cell periphery in nerve cell axons.
8090 retrograde axonal transport P The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules from the cell periphery toward the cell body in nerve cell axons.
8091 spectrin C Membrane associated dimeric protein (240 and 220 kDa) of erythrocytes. Forms a complex with ankyrin, actin and probably other components of the membrane cytoskeleton, so that there is a mesh of proteins underlying the plasma membrane, potentially restricting the lateral mobility of integral proteins.
8092 cytoskeletal protein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein component of any cytoskeleton (actin, microtubule, or intermediate filament cytoskeleton).
8093 cytoskeletal adaptor activity F The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a cytoskeletal protein and one or more other molecules, permitting them to function in a coordinated way.
8094 DNA-dependent ATPase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; this reaction requires the presence of single- or double-stranded DNA, and it drives another reaction.
8096 juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the epoxide in a juvenile hormone to the corresponding diol.
8097 5S rRNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with 5S ribosomal RNA, the smallest RNA constituent of a ribosome.
8098 5S rRNA primary transcript binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the unprocessed 5S ribosomal RNA transcript.
8101 decapentaplegic signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of decapentaplegic (dpp) to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
8103 oocyte microtubule cytoskeleton polarization P Establishment and maintenance of a specific axis of polarity of the oocyte microtubule network. The axis is set so that the minus and plus ends of the microtubules of the mid stage oocyte are positioned along the anterior cortex and at the posterior pole, respectively. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
8104 protein localization P Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
8105 asymmetric protein localization P Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location such that it is distributed asymmetrically.
8106 alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an alcohol + NADP+ = an aldehyde + NADPH + H+.
8107 galactoside 2-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-L-fucose + beta-D-galactosyl-R = GDP + alpha-L-fucosyl-(1,2)-beta-D-galactosyl-R.
8108 UDP-glucose:hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate + UDP-D-glucose = alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + UDP-D-galactose.
8109 N-acetyllactosaminide beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R = UDP + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,6-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R.
8110 L-histidine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-histidine = 3-(imidazol-5-yl)pyruvate + L-glutamate.
8111 alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (2S)-2-methylacyl-CoA = (2R)-2-methylacyl-CoA.
8112 nicotinamide N-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + nicotinamide = 1-methylnicotinamide + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
8113 peptide-methionine (S)-S-oxide reductase activity F Catalysis of the reactions: peptide-L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = peptide-L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin, and L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin. Can act on oxidized methionine in peptide linkage with specificity for the S enantiomer. Thioredoxin disulfide is the oxidized form of thioredoxin.
8114 phosphogluconate 2-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 6-phospho-D-gluconate + NADP+ = 6-phospho-2-dehydro-D-gluconate + NADPH.
8115 sarcosine oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + O(2) + sarcosine = formaldehyde + glycine + H(2)O(2).
8116 prostaglandin-I synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: prostaglandin H(2) = prostaglandin I(2).
8117 sphinganine-1-phosphate aldolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: sphinganine 1-phosphate = phosphoethanolamine + palmitaldehyde.
8118 N-acetyllactosaminide alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-glycoprotein = CMP + alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-2,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-glycoprotein.
8119 thiopurine S-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a thiopurine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a thiopurine S-methylether.
8120 ceramide glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + N-acylsphingosine = UDP + D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine.
8121 ubiquinol-cytochrome-c reductase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: CoQH2 + 2 ferricytochrome c = CoQ + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+.
8123 cholesterol 7-alpha-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cholesterol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 7-alpha-hydroxycholesterol + NADP+ + H2O.
8124 4-alpha-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (6R)-6-(L-erythro-1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4a-hydroxypterin = (6R)-6-(L-erythro-1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-7,8-dihydro-6H-pterin + H(2)O.
8126 acetylesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an acetic ester + H2O = an alcohol + acetate.
8127 quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(+) + O(2) + quercetin = 2-(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyloxy)-4,6-dihydroxybenzoate + CO.
8131 primary amine oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a primary amine + H2O + O2 = an aldehyde + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide.
8134 transcription factor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a transcription factor, any protein required to initiate or regulate transcription.
8135 translation factor activity, RNA binding F Functions during translation by interacting selectively and non-covalently with RNA during polypeptide synthesis at the ribosome.
8137 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + H+ + ubiquinone = NAD+ + ubiquinol.
8138 protein tyrosine/serine/threonine phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reactions: protein serine + H2O = protein serine + phosphate; protein threonine phosphate + H2O = protein threonine + phosphate; and protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = protein tyrosine + phosphate.
8139 nuclear localization sequence binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nuclear localization sequence, a specific peptide sequence that acts as a signal to localize the protein within the nucleus.
8140 cAMP response element binding protein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a cAMP response element binding protein (a CREB protein).
8142 oxysterol binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with oxysterol, an oxidized form of cholesterol.
8143 poly(A) binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of adenylyl residues in an RNA molecule, such as the poly(A) tail, a sequence of adenylyl residues at the 3' end of eukaryotic mRNA.
8144 drug binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a drug, any naturally occurring or synthetic substance, other than a nutrient, that, when administered or applied to an organism, affects the structure or functioning of the organism; in particular, any such substance used in the diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of disease.
8145 phenylalkylamine binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phenylalkylamine or any of its derivatives.
8146 sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a sulfate group from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate to the hydroxyl group of an acceptor, producing the sulfated derivative and 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate.
8147 structural constituent of bone F The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of bone.
8150 biological_process P Any process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end.
8152 metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation.
8153 para-aminobenzoic acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of para-aminobenzoic acid, an intermediate in the synthesis of folic acid, a compound which some organisms, e.g. prokaryotes, eukaryotic microbes, and plants, can synthesize de novo. Others, notably mammals, cannot. In yeast, it is present as a factor in the B complex of vitamins.
8154 actin polymerization or depolymerization P Assembly or disassembly of actin filaments by the addition or removal of actin monomers from a filament.
8156 negative regulation of DNA replication P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication.
8157 protein phosphatase 1 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the enzyme protein phosphatase 1.
8158 hedgehog receptor activity F Combining with a member of the hedgehog protein family and transmitting the signal across the membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.
8160 protein tyrosine phosphatase activator activity F Increases the activity of a phosphatase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the removal of a phosphate group from a tyrosyl phenolic group of a protein.
8168 methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to an acceptor molecule.
8169 C-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the carbon atom of an acceptor molecule.
8170 N-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the nitrogen atom of an acceptor molecule.
8171 O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the oxygen atom of an acceptor molecule.
8172 S-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the sulfur atom of an acceptor molecule.
8173 RNA methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from a donor to a nucleoside residue in an RNA molecule.
8174 mRNA methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to a nucleoside residue in an mRNA molecule.
8175 tRNA methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from a donor to a nucleoside residue in a tRNA molecule.
8176 tRNA (guanine-N7-)-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing N7-methylguanine.
8177 succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: succinate + ubiquinone = fumarate + ubiquinol.
8179 adenylate cyclase binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the enzyme adenylate cyclase.
8180 COP9 signalosome C A protein complex that catalyzes the deneddylation of proteins, including the cullin component of SCF ubiquitin E3 ligase; deneddylation increases the activity of cullin family ubiquitin ligases. The signalosome is involved in many regulatory process, including some which control development, in many species; also regulates photomorphogenesis in plants; in many species its subunits are highly similar to those of the proteasome.
8184 glycogen phosphorylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glycogen + phosphate = maltodextrin + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate.
8186 RNA-dependent ATPase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; this reaction requires the presence of RNA, and it drives another reaction.
8187 poly-pyrimidine tract binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any stretch of pyrimidines (cytosine or uracil) in an RNA molecule.
8188 neuropeptide receptor activity F Combining with a neuropeptide to initiate a change in cell activity.
8190 eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with eukaryotic initiation factor 4E, a polypeptide factor involved in the initiation of ribosome-mediated translation.
8191 metalloendopeptidase inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of metalloendopeptidases, enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of nonterminal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain and contain a chelated metal ion at their active sites which is essential to their catalytic activity.
8192 RNA guanylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the posttranscriptional addition of a guanyl residue to the 5' end of an RNA molecule.
8193 tRNA guanylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the posttranscriptional addition of a guanyl residue to the 5' end of a tRNA molecule; observed for His tRNAs.
8194 UDP-glycosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a glycosyl group from a UDP-sugar to a small hydrophobic molecule.
8195 phosphatidate phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a 1,2-diacylglycerol 3-phosphate + H2O = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + phosphate.
8196 vitellogenin receptor activity F Receiving vitellogenin, and delivering vitellogenin into the cell via endocytosis.
8198 ferrous iron binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ferrous iron, Fe(II).
8199 ferric iron binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ferric iron, Fe(III).
8200 ion channel inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of an ion channel.
8201 heparin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with heparin, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans found mainly as an intracellular component of mast cells and which consist predominantly of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-sulfate residues.
8202 steroid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus.
8203 cholesterol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones. It is a component of the plasma membrane lipid bilayer and of plasma lipoproteins and can be found in all animal tissues.
8204 ergosterol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving ergosterol, (22E)-ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3-beta-ol, a sterol found in ergot, yeast and moulds. It is the most important of the D provitamins and is converted to vitamin D2 on irradiation with UV light.
8205 ecdysone metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving ecdysone, (22R)-2-beta,3-beta,14,22,25-pentahydroxycholest-7-en-6-one, an ecdysteroid found in insects. It is the inactive prohormone of the moulting hormone ecdysterone and may have intrinsic hormonal activity at other stages of insect development.
8206 bile acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving bile acids, any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine.
8207 C21-steroid hormone metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving C21-steroid hormones, steroid compounds containing 21 carbons which function as hormones.
8208 C21-steroid hormone catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of C21-steroid hormones, steroid compounds containing 21 carbons which function as hormones.
8209 androgen metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving androgens, C19 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of male sexual characteristics.
8210 estrogen metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving estrogens, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics. Also found in plants.
8211 glucocorticoid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects.
8212 mineralocorticoid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving mineralocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol. Mineralocorticoids act primarily on water and electrolyte balance.
8213 protein alkylation P The addition of an alkyl group to a protein amino acid. An alkyl group is any group derived from an alkane by removal of one hydrogen atom.
8214 protein dealkylation P The removal of an alkyl group from a protein amino acid. An alkyl group is any group derived from an alkane by removal of one hydrogen atom.
8215 spermine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving spermine, a polybasic amine found in human sperm, in ribosomes and in some viruses, which is involved in nucleic acid packaging. Synthesis is regulated by ornithine decarboxylase which plays a key role in control of DNA replication.
8216 spermidine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.
8217 regulation of blood pressure P Any process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure.
8218 bioluminescence P The production of light by certain enzyme-catalyzed reactions in cells.
8219 cell death P Any biological process that results in permanent cessation of all vital functions of a cell. A cell should be considered dead when any one of the following molecular or morphological criteria is met: (1) the cell has lost the integrity of its plasma membrane; (2) the cell, including its nucleus, has undergone complete fragmentation into discrete bodies (frequently referred to as apoptotic bodies). The cell corpse (or its fragments) may be engulfed by an adjacent cell in vivo, but engulfment of whole cells should not be considered a strict criteria to define cell death as, under some circumstances, live engulfed cells can be released from phagosomes (see PMID:18045538).
8226 tyramine receptor activity F Combining with the biogenic amine tyramine to initiate a change in cell activity. Tyramine is a sympathomimetic amine derived from tyrosine with an action resembling that of epinephrine.
8227 G-protein coupled amine receptor activity F Combining with an extracellular amine and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
8228 opsonization P The process in which a microorganism (or other particulate material) is rendered more susceptible to phagocytosis by coating with an opsonin, a blood serum protein such as a complement component or antibody.
8230 ecdysone receptor holocomplex C A heterodimeric complex containing the products of the insect genes Ecdysone receptor (EcR) and ultraspiracle (usp). Binding of ecdysone promotes association between the two subunits, and the receptor complex then initiates molting and metamorphosis by binding DNA and regulating the transcription of target genes.
8231 repressor ecdysone receptor complex C A protein complex consisting of a heterodimer of Ecdysone receptor (EcR) and ultraspiracle (usp) plus an associated corepressor such as SMRTER, which represses transcription of target genes.
8232 activator ecdysone receptor complex C A protein complex consisting of a heterodimer of Ecdysone receptor (EcR) and ultraspiracle (usp) bound to the ligand ecdysone, which activates transcription of target genes.
8233 peptidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond. A peptide bond is a covalent bond formed when the carbon atom from the carboxyl group of one amino acid shares electrons with the nitrogen atom from the amino group of a second amino acid.
8234 cysteine-type peptidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile.
8235 metalloexopeptidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond not more than three residues from the N- or C-terminus of a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions.
8236 serine-type peptidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a catalytic mechanism that involves a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile that is activated by a proton relay involving an acidic residue (e.g. aspartate or glutamate) and a basic residue (usually histidine).
8237 metallopeptidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions.
8238 exopeptidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond not more than three residues from the N- or C-terminus of a polypeptide chain, in a reaction that requires a free N-terminal amino group, C-terminal carboxyl group or both.
8239 dipeptidyl-peptidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of N-terminal dipeptides from a polypeptide chain.
8240 tripeptidyl-peptidase activity F Catalysis of the release of an N-terminal tripeptide from a polypeptide.
8241 peptidyl-dipeptidase activity F Catalysis of the release of C-terminal dipeptides from a polypeptide chain.
8242 omega peptidase activity F Catalysis of the removal of terminal peptide residues that are substituted, cyclized or linked by isopeptide bonds (peptide linkages other than those of alpha-carboxyl to alpha-amino groups).
8247 1-alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine esterase complex C An enzyme complex composed of two catalytic alpha subunits, which form a catalytic dimer, and a non-catalytic, regulatory beta subunit; the catalytic dimer may be an alpha1/alpha1 or alpha2/alpha2 homodimer, or an alpha1/alpha2 heterodimer. Modulates the action of platelet-activating factor (PAF).
8250 oligosaccharyltransferase complex C A protein complex that is found in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane of eukaryotes and transfers lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor to asparagine residues on nascent proteins. In yeast, the complex includes at least nine different subunits, whereas in mammalian cells at least three different forms of the complex have been detected.
8251 tRNA-specific adenosine deaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine + H2O = inosine + NH3, in a tRNA molecule.
8252 nucleotidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a nucleotide + H2O = a nucleoside + phosphate.
8253 5'-nucleotidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a 5'-ribonucleotide + H2O = a ribonucleoside + phosphate.
8254 3'-nucleotidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a 3'-ribonucleotide + H2O = a ribonucleoside + phosphate.
8255 ecdysis-triggering hormone activity F The action characteristic of ecdysis-triggering hormone, a peptide hormone that, upon receptor binding, initiates pre-ecdysis and ecdysis (i.e. cuticle shedding) through direct action on the central nervous system.
8256 protein histidine pros-kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + protein L-histidine = ADP + protein N(pi)-phospho-L-histidine.
8257 protein histidine tele-kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + protein L-histidine = ADP + protein N(tau)-phospho-L-histidine.
8258 head involution P Movement of the anterior ectoderm to the interior of the embryo.
8260 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: succinyl-CoA + a 3-oxo acid = succinate + a 3-oxo-acyl-CoA.
8261 allatostatin receptor activity F Combining with allatostatin to initiate a change in cell activity.
8263 pyrimidine-specific mismatch base pair DNA N-glycosylase activity F Catalysis of the removal of mismatched pyrimidine bases in DNA. Enzymes with this activity recognize and remove pyrimidines present in mismatches by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction releases a free base and leaves an apyrimidinic (AP) site.
8265 Mo-molybdopterin cofactor sulfurase activity F Catalysis of the sulfurylation of the desulfo form of molybdenum cofactor (MoCo), a cofactor required for the activity of some enzymes, such as aldehyde oxidase.
8266 poly(U) RNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of uracil residues in an RNA molecule.
8267 poly-glutamine tract binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a polyglutamine tract, i.e. a series of consecutive glutamine residues, in a protein.
8269 JAK pathway signal transduction adaptor activity F The binding activity of a molecule that brings together two molecules of the JAK signal transduction pathway, permitting them to function in a coordinated way.
8270 zinc ion binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with zinc (Zn) ions.
8271 secondary active sulfate transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the secondary active transfer of sulfate from one side of the membrane to the other. Secondary active transport is catalysis of the transfer of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Chemiosmotic sources of energy include uniport, symport or antiport.
8272 sulfate transport P The directed movement of sulfate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
8273 calcium, potassium:sodium antiporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Ca2+(in) + K+(in) + Na+(out) = Ca2+(out) + K+(out) + Na+(in).
8274 gamma-tubulin ring complex C A multiprotein complex composed of gamma-tubulin and other non-tubulin proteins that forms a flexible open ring structure thought to be the unit of nucleation at the minus end of a microtubule.
8275 gamma-tubulin small complex C A complex usually comprising two gamma-tubulin molecules and two conserved non-tubulin proteins. Some gamma-tubulin small complexes are thought to be the repeating unit making up the core of the gamma-tubulin ring complex.
8276 protein methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group (CH3-) to a protein.
8277 regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway activity.
8278 cohesin complex C A protein complex that is required for sister chromatid cohesion in eukaryotes. The cohesin complex forms a molecular ring complex, and is composed of structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) and kleisin proteins. For example, in yeast, the complex is composed of the SMC proteins Smc1p and Smc3p, and the kleisin protein Scc1p. In vertebrates, the complex is composed of the SMC1 (SMC1A or SMC1B) and SMC3 heterodimer attached via their hinge domains to a kleisin (RAD21, REC8 or RAD21L) which links them, and one STAG protein (STAG1, STAG2 or STAG3).
8281 sulfonylurea receptor activity F Combining with sulfonylurea, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
8282 ATP-sensitive potassium channel complex C A protein complex that comprises four pore-forming (Kir6.x) and four regulatory sulphonylurea receptor (SURx) subunits and forms a transmembrane channel through which ions may pass. The opening and closing of the channel is regulated by ATP: binding of ATP to the Kir6.x subunit inhibits channel activity, whereas binding of Mg2+-complexed ATP or ADP to the SURx subunit stimulates channel activity.
8283 cell proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
8284 positive regulation of cell proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation.
8285 negative regulation of cell proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation.
8286 insulin receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the insulin receptor binding to insulin.
8287 protein serine/threonine phosphatase complex C A complex, normally consisting of a catalytic and a regulatory subunit, which catalyzes the removal of a phosphate group from a serine or threonine residue of a protein.
8288 boss receptor activity F Combining with a protein bride of sevenless (boss) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-tyrosine = ADP + a protein-L-tyrosine phosphate.
8289 lipid binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a lipid.
8290 F-actin capping protein complex C A heterodimer consisting of alpha and beta subunits that binds to and caps the barbed ends of actin filaments, thereby regulating the polymerization of actin monomers but not severing actin filaments.
8291 acetylcholine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter and neuromodulator both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It also acts as a paracrine signal in various non-neural tissues.
8292 acetylcholine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline.
8293 torso signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to torso (a receptor tyrosine kinase) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
8294 calcium- and calmodulin-responsive adenylate cyclase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate, stimulated by calcium-bound calmodulin.
8295 spermidine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.
8296 3'-5'-exodeoxyribonuclease activity F Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 3' terminus of a DNA molecule.
8297 single-stranded DNA exodeoxyribonuclease activity F Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 5' or 3' terminus of a single-stranded DNA molecule.
8298 intracellular mRNA localization P Any process in which mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.
8299 isoprenoid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any isoprenoid compound, isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) or compounds containing or derived from linked isoprene (3-methyl-2-butenylene) residues.
8300 isoprenoid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any isoprenoid compound, isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) or compounds containing or derived from linked isoprene (3-methyl-2-butenylene) residues.
8301 DNA binding, bending F The activity of binding selectively and non-covalently to and distorting the original structure of DNA, typically a straight helix, into a bend, or increasing the bend if the original structure was intrinsically bent due to its sequence.
8302 female germline ring canal formation, actin assembly P Recruitment and organization of actin filaments in female germline ring canals.
8303 caspase complex C A protein complex that is located in the cytosol and contains one or more cysteine-type endopeptidases (also called caspases), which give the complex a peptidase activity with specificity for the hydrolysis of aspartyl bonds. These complexes may be involved e.g. in apoptotic or inflammation processes.
8305 integrin complex C A protein complex that is composed of one alpha subunit and one beta subunit, both of which are members of the integrin superfamily of cell adhesion receptors; the complex spans the plasma membrane and binds to extracellular matrix ligands, cell-surface ligands, and soluble ligands.
8306 associative learning P Learning by associating a stimulus (the cause) with a particular outcome (the effect).
8307 structural constituent of muscle F The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a muscle fiber.
8308 voltage-gated anion channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of an anion by a voltage-gated channel. An anion is a negatively charged ion. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
8309 double-stranded DNA exodeoxyribonuclease activity F Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 5' or 3' terminus of a double-stranded DNA molecule.
8310 single-stranded DNA 3'-5' exodeoxyribonuclease activity F Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 3' terminus of a single-stranded DNA molecule.
8311 double-stranded DNA 3'-5' exodeoxyribonuclease activity F Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 3' terminus of a double-stranded DNA molecule.
8312 7S RNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with 7S RNA, the RNA component of the signal recognition particle (SRP).
8313 gurken-activated receptor activity F Combining with the ligand Gurken to initiate a change in cell activity.
8314 gurken signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an epidermal growth factor receptor binding to the ligand Gurken.
8315 meiotic G2/MI transition P The cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from meiotic prophase to metaphase I.
8316 structural constituent of vitelline membrane F The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the vitelline membrane of an egg. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
8317 gurken receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the gurken growth factor receptor.
8318 protein prenyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the covalent addition of an isoprenoid group such as a farnesyl or geranylgeranyl group via thioether linkages to a cysteine residue in a protein.
8320 protein transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of a protein from one side of a membrane to the other.
8321 Ral guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity F Stimulates the exchange of guanyl nucleotides associated with a GTPase of the Ral family. Under normal cellular physiological conditions, the concentration of GTP is higher than that of GDP, favoring the replacement of GDP by GTP in association with the GTPase.
8324 cation transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of cation from one side of the membrane to the other.
8327 methyl-CpG binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a methylated cytosine/guanine dinucleotide.
8328 ionotropic glutamate receptor complex C A multimeric assembly of four or five subunits which form a structure with an extracellular N-terminus and a large loop that together form the ligand binding domain. The C-terminus is intracellular. The ionotropic glutamate receptor complex itself acts as a ligand-gated ion channel; on binding glutamate, charged ions pass through a channel in the center of the receptor complex.
8329 signaling pattern recognition receptor activity F Combining with a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), a structure conserved among microbial species, or damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP), an endogenous molecule released from damaged cells), and transmitting a signal to initiate a change in cell activity.
8330 protein tyrosine/threonine phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reactions: protein threonine phosphate + H2O = protein threonine + phosphate; and protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = protein tyrosine + phosphate.
8331 high voltage-gated calcium channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a high voltage-gated channel. A high voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on high voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
8332 low voltage-gated calcium channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a low voltage-gated channel. A low voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on low voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
8333 endosome to lysosome transport P The directed movement of substances from endosomes to lysosomes.
8334 histone mRNA metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving an mRNA encoding a histone.
8335 female germline ring canal stabilization P Maintenance of the structural integrity of the ring canals connecting the female germline cyst.
8336 gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + 4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate + O(2) = carnitine + CO(2) + succinate.
8340 determination of adult lifespan P The control of viability and duration in the adult phase of the life-cycle.
8343 adult feeding behavior P Feeding behavior in a fully developed and mature organism.
8344 adult locomotory behavior P Locomotory behavior in a fully developed and mature organism.
8345 larval locomotory behavior P Locomotory behavior in a larval (immature) organism.
8346 larval walking behavior P The behavior of a larval organism relating to the progression of that organism along the ground by the process of lifting and setting down each leg.
8347 glial cell migration P The orderly movement of a glial cell, non-neuronal cells that provide support and nutrition, maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and participate in signal transmission in the nervous system.
8348 negative regulation of antimicrobial humoral response P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an antimicrobial humoral response.
8349 MAP kinase kinase kinase kinase activity F Catalysis of the phosphorylation of serine and threonine residues in a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK), resulting in activation of MAPKKK. MAPKKK signaling pathways relay, amplify and integrate signals from the plasma membrane to the nucleus in response to a diverse range of extracellular stimuli.
8352 katanin complex C A complex possessing an activity that couples ATP hydrolysis to the severing of microtubules; usually a heterodimer comprising a catalytic subunit (often 60kDa) and a regulatory subunit (often 80 kDa).
8353 RNA polymerase II carboxy-terminal domain kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + (DNA-directed RNA polymerase II) = ADP + phospho-(DNA-directed RNA polymerase II); phosphorylation occurs on residues in the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) repeats.
8354 germ cell migration P The orderly movement of a cell specialized to produce haploid gametes through the embryo from its site of production to the place where the gonads will form.
8355 olfactory learning P Any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs in response to (repeated) exposure to an olfactory cue.
8356 asymmetric cell division P The asymmetric division of cells to produce two daughter cells with different developmental potentials. It is of fundamental significance for the generation of cell diversity.
8358 maternal determination of anterior/posterior axis, embryo P The specification of the anterior/posterior axis of the embryo by gradients of maternally-transcribed gene products; exemplified in insects by the morphogens, bicoid and nanos.
8359 regulation of bicoid mRNA localization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which bicoid mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
8360 regulation of cell shape P Any process that modulates the surface configuration of a cell.
8361 regulation of cell size P Any process that modulates the size of a cell.
8362 chitin-based embryonic cuticle biosynthetic process P Synthesis, including the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chitin and other components, and deposition of a chitin-based embryonic cuticle by the underlying epidermal epithelium. This tough, waterproof cuticle layer is essential to provide structural integrity of the larval body. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
8363 larval chitin-based cuticle development P Synthesis and deposition of a chitin-based larval cuticle. The insect larval cuticle is a secretion from epidermal cells that is shed at each molt. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
8364 pupal chitin-based cuticle development P Synthesis and deposition of a chitin-based pupal cuticle. At the end of the prepupal period the insect is covered by the pupal cuticle which continues to be elaborated into the pupal period. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
8365 adult chitin-based cuticle development P Synthesis and deposition of the chitin-based cuticle of adults following the apolysis of the pupal cuticle. The adult insect cuticle contains cuticullin, a protein epicuticle and a lamellate procuticle. An example of this process is adult chitin-based cuticle development in Drosophila melanogaster.
8366 axon ensheathment P Any process in which the axon of a neuron is insulated, and that insulation maintained, thereby preventing dispersion of the electrical signal.
8373 sialyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of sialic acid to an acceptor molecule, typically the terminal portions of the sialylated glycolipids (gangliosides) or to the N- or O-linked sugar chains of glycoproteins.
8374 O-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.
8375 acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of an N-acetylglucosaminyl residue from UDP-N-acetyl-glucosamine to a sugar.
8376 acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of an N-acetylgalactosaminyl residue from UDP-N-acetyl-galactosamine to an oligosaccharide.
8377 light-induced release of internally sequestered calcium ion P The process in which the detection of light triggers the release of internally sequestered calcium ions.
8378 galactosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a galactosyl group to an acceptor molecule, typically another carbohydrate or a lipid.
8379 thioredoxin peroxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: thioredoxin + hydrogen peroxide = thioredoxin disulfide + H2O.
8380 RNA splicing P The process of removing sections of the primary RNA transcript to remove sequences not present in the mature form of the RNA and joining the remaining sections to form the mature form of the RNA.
8381 mechanically-gated ion channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens in response to a mechanical stress.
8384 IkappaB kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + IkappaB protein = ADP + IkappaB phosphoprotein.
8385 IkappaB kinase complex C A trimeric protein complex that phosphorylates inhibitory-kappaB (I-kappaB) proteins. The complex is composed of two kinase subunits (alpha and beta) and a regulatory gamma subunit (also called NEMO). In a resting state, NF-kappaB dimers are bound to inhibitory IKB proteins, sequestering NF-kappaB in the cytoplasm. Phosphorylation of I-kappaB targets I-kappaB for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thus releasing the NF-kappaB dimers, which can translocate to the nucleus to bind DNA and regulate transcription.
8386 cholesterol monooxygenase (side-chain-cleaving) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cholesterol + reduced adrenal ferredoxin + O2 = pregnenolone + 4-methylpentanal + oxidized adrenal ferredoxin + H2O.
8387 steroid 7-alpha-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a steroid + donor-H2 + O2 = 7-alpha-hydroxysteroid + H2O.
8388 testosterone 15-alpha-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: testosterone + donor-H2 + O2 = 15-alpha-hydroxytestosterone + H2O.
8389 coumarin 7-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: coumarin + O2 + NADPH + H+ = hydroxycoumarin + H2O + NADP+.
8390 testosterone 16-alpha-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: testosterone + donor-H2 + O2 = 16-alpha-hydroxytestosterone + H2O.
8391 arachidonic acid monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the incorporation of one atom from molecular oxygen into arachidonic acid and the reduction of the other atom of oxygen to water.
8392 arachidonic acid epoxygenase activity F Catalysis of an NADPH- and oxygen-dependent reaction that converts arachidonic acid to a cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid.
8395 steroid hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the formation of a hydroxyl group on a steroid by incorporation of oxygen from O2.
8396 oxysterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an oxysterol + NADPH + O2 = 7-alpha-hydroxylated oxysterol + NADP+ + H2O.
8397 sterol 12-alpha-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a steroid + donor-H2 + O2 = 12-alpha-hydroxysteroid + H2O.
8398 sterol 14-demethylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: obtusifoliol + 3 O2 + 3 NADPH + 3 H+ = 4-alpha-methyl-5-alpha-ergosta-8,14,24(28)-trien-3-beta-ol + formate + 3 NADP+ + 3 H2O.
8399 naphthalene hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the conversion of naphthalene to naphthalene 1,2-oxide.
8401 retinoic acid 4-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the conversion of retinoic acid to 4-hydroxy-retinoic acid.
8403 25-hydroxycholecalciferol-24-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the hydroxylation of C-24 of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3) to form 24(R),25-dihydroxycholecalciferol.
8404 arachidonic acid 14,15-epoxygenase activity F Catalysis of an NADPH- and oxygen-dependent reaction that converts arachidonic acid to cis-14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid.
8405 arachidonic acid 11,12-epoxygenase activity F Catalysis of an NADPH- and oxygen-dependent reaction that converts arachidonic acid to cis-11,12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid.
8406 gonad development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The gonad is an animal organ that produces gametes; in some species it also produces hormones.
8407 chaeta morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the chaeta are generated and organized. A chaeta is a sensory multicellular cuticular outgrowth of a specifically differentiated cell.
8408 3'-5' exonuclease activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' end.
8409 5'-3' exonuclease activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 5' end.
8410 CoA-transferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a coenzyme A (CoA) group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
8411 4-hydroxybutyrate CoA-transferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a coenzyme A (CoA) group to 4-hydroxybutyrate.
8412 4-hydroxybenzoate octaprenyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: farnesylfarnesylgeranyl diphosphate + p-hydroxybenzoate = 3-octaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate + diphosphate.
8413 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine triphosphate = 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine phosphate + diphosphate. 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine triphosphate (8-oxo-GTP) is the oxidised form of the free guanine nucleotide and can act as a potent mutagenic substrate for transcription.
8414 CDP-alcohol phosphotransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a CDP-alcohol group from one compound to another.
8417 fucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a fucosyl group to an acceptor molecule, typically another carbohydrate or a lipid.
8418 protein-N-terminal asparagine amidohydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: protein-L-asparagine + H2O = protein-L-aspartate + NH3. This reaction is the deamidation of an N-terminal asparagine residue in a peptide or protein.
8419 RNA lariat debranching enzyme activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of branched RNA structures that contain vicinal 2'-5'- and 3'-5'-phosphodiester bonds at a branch point nucleotide.
8420 CTD phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phospho-(DNA-directed RNA polymerase) + H2O = (DNA-directed RNA polymerase) + phosphate.
8421 long-chain fatty-acyl-glutamate deacylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-long-chain-fatty-acyl-L-glutamate + H2O = a fatty acid anion + L-glutamate.
8422 beta-glucosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-glucose residues with release of beta-D-glucose.
8424 glycoprotein 6-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N(4)-{N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)]-beta-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl}-L-asparagine + GDP-L-fucose = N(4)-{N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)]-beta-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->6)]-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl}asparagine + GDP + H(+).
8425 2-polyprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-polyprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-polyprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
8426 protein kinase C inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of protein kinase C, an enzyme which phosphorylates a protein.
8427 calcium-dependent protein kinase inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a calcium-dependent protein kinase.
8428 ribonuclease inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a ribonuclease, any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds in chains of RNA.
8429 phosphatidylethanolamine binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidylethanolamine, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of ethanolamine.
8430 selenium binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with selenium (Se).
8431 vitamin E binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with vitamin E, tocopherol, which includes a series of eight structurally similar compounds. Alpha-tocopherol is the most active form in humans and is a powerful biological antioxidant.
8432 JUN kinase binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with JUN kinase, an enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation and activation of members of the JUN family.
8434 calcitriol receptor activity F Combining with calcitriol, the hormonally active form of vitamin D3, and transmitting the signal to the transcriptional machinery by interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase II.
8437 thyrotropin-releasing hormone activity F The action characteristic of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), a hormone released by the mammalian hypothalamus into the hypophyseal-portal circulation in response to neural and/or chemical stimuli. Upon receptor binding, TRH increases the secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone by the anterior pituitary.
8440 inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).
8441 3'(2'),5'-bisphosphate nucleotidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H2O = adenosine 5'-phosphate + phosphate.
8442 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate + NAD+ = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + NADH + H+.
8443 phosphofructokinase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a fructose substrate molecule.
8444 CDP-diacylglycerol-glycerol-3-phosphate 3-phosphatidyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + CDP-diacylglycerol = 3-(3-sn-phosphatidyl)-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + CMP + H(+).
8445 D-aspartate oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-aspartate + H2O + O2 = oxaloacetate + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide.
8446 GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-alpha-D-mannose = GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-alpha-D-mannose + H(2)O.
8447 L-ascorbate oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = 2 dehydroascorbate + 2 H2O.
8448 N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate deacetylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + acetate.
8449 N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 6-sulfate group of the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-sulfate units of heparan sulfate and keratan sulfate.
8452 RNA ligase activity F Catalysis of the formation of a phosphodiester bond between a hydroxyl group at the end of one RNA chain and the 5'-phosphate group at the end of another.
8453 alanine-glyoxylate transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanine + glyoxylate = pyruvate + glycine.
8454 alpha-1,3-mannosylglycoprotein 4-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + (N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,3-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,6)-beta-D-mannosyl-R = UDP + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,4-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,3-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,6)-beta-D-mannosyl-R.
8455 alpha-1,6-mannosylglycoprotein 2-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + alpha-D-mannosyl-1,6-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,3)-beta-D-mannosyl-R = UDP + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,6-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,3)-beta-D-mannosyl-R.
8456 alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residues in N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminides.
8457 beta-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminylgalactosylglucosyl-ceramide beta-1,3-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide = UDP + N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide.
8458 carnitine O-octanoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-carnitine + octanoyl-CoA = (S)-octanoylcarnitine + CoA.
8459 chondroitin 6-sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + chondroitin = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin 6'-sulfate.
8460 dTDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-glucose = dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-alpha-D-glucose + H(2)O.
8463 formylmethionine deformylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-formyl-L-methionine + H(2)O = L-methionine + formate.
8465 glycerate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-glycerate + NAD+ = hydroxypyruvate + NADH + H+.
8466 glycogenin glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + glycogenin = UDP + glucosylglycogenin.
8467 [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfotransferase 1 activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfate. The [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfate has a substrate consensus sequence of Glc(N2S>NAc)+/-6S GlcA GlcN2S*+/-6S GlcA>IdoA+/-2S Glc(N2S/NAc)+/-6S.
8469 histone-arginine N-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone)-arginine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone)-N-methyl-arginine.
8470 isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methylbutanoyl-CoA + ETF = 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA + reduced ETF.
8473 ornithine cyclodeaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-ornithine = L-proline + NH(4)(+).
8474 palmitoyl-(protein) hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-protein + H2O = palmitate + protein.
8475 procollagen-lysine 5-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: procollagen L-lysine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = procollagen 5-hydroxy-L-lysine + succinate + CO2.
8476 protein-tyrosine sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + protein tyrosine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + protein tyrosine-O-sulfate.
8477 purine nucleosidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a N-D-ribosylpurine + H2O = a purine + D-ribose.
8478 pyridoxal kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + pyridoxal = ADP + pyridoxal 5'-phosphate.
8479 queuine tRNA-ribosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA guanine + queuine = tRNA queuine + guanine.
8480 sarcosine dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: sarcosine + H2O + electron-transfer flavoprotein = glycine + formaldehyde + reduced electron-transfer flavoprotein.
8481 sphinganine kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + sphinganine = ADP + sphinganine 1-phosphate.
8482 sulfite oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + O(2) + sulfite = H(2)O(2) + H(+) + sulfate.
8483 transaminase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of an amino group to an acceptor, usually a 2-oxo acid.
8484 sulfuric ester hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: RSO-R' + H2O = RSOOH + R'H. This reaction is the hydrolysis of any sulfuric ester bond, any ester formed from sulfuric acid, O=SO(OH)2.
8486 diphosphoinositol-polyphosphate diphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: diphospho-myo-inositol polyphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol polyphosphate + phosphate.
8488 gamma-glutamyl carboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl-glutamate + reduced vitamin K + CO2 + O2 = peptidyl-gamma-carboxyglutamate + vitamin K epoxide.
8489 UDP-galactose:glucosylceramide beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-galactose + a glucosylceramide = a lactosylceramide + uridine-5'-diphosphate. The glucosylceramide has sphinganine as the long chain base.
8490 arsenite secondary active transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of arsenite from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Chemiosmotic sources of energy include uniport, symport or antiport.
8493 tetracycline transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of tetracycline into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Tetracycline is a broad spectrum antibiotic that blocks binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the ribosomes of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms (and those of organelles).
8494 translation activator activity F Any of a group of soluble proteins functioning in the activation of ribosome-mediated translation of mRNA into a polypeptide.
8495 protoheme IX farnesyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: protoheme IX + (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + H2O = heme o + diphosphate.
8496 mannan endo-1,6-alpha-mannosidase activity F Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-mannosidic linkages in unbranched (1->6)-mannans.
8499 UDP-galactose:beta-N-acetylglucosamine beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + N-acetylglucosamine = galactose-beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosamine + UDP.
8502 melatonin receptor activity F Combining with melatonin, N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, to initiate a change in cell activity. Melatonin is a neuroendocrine substance that stimulates the aggregation of melanosomes in melanophores, thus lightening the skin.
8503 benzodiazepine receptor activity F Combining with benzodiazepines, a class of drugs with hypnotic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsive, amnestic and myorelaxant properties, to initiate a change in cell activity.
8504 monoamine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of monoamines, organic compounds that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by an ethylene group (-CH2-CH2-), from one side of the membrane to the other.
8506 sucrose:proton symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sucrose(out) + H+(out) = sucrose(in) + H+(in).
8507 sodium:iodide symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: iodide(out) + Na+(out) = iodide(in) + Na+(in).
8508 bile acid:sodium symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: bile acid(out) + Na+(out) = bile acid(in) + Na+(in).
8509 anion transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of a negatively charged ion from one side of a membrane to the other.
8510 sodium:bicarbonate symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + HCO3-(out) = Na+(in) + HCO3-(in).
8511 sodium:potassium:chloride symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + K+(out) + Cl-(out) = Na+(in) + K+(in) + Cl-(in).
8512 sulfate:proton symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sulfate(out) + H+(out) = sulfate(in) + H+(in).
8513 secondary active organic cation transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of organic cations from one side of the membrane to the other, up the solute's concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction.
8514 organic anion transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of organic anions from one side of a membrane to the other. Organic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage.
8515 sucrose transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of sucrose from one side of the membrane to the other. Sucrose is the disaccharide O-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2->1)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside, a sweet-tasting, non-reducing sugar isolated industrially from sugar beet or sugar cane.
8516 hexose uniporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: hexose(out) = hexose(in).
8517 folic acid transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of folic acid (pteroylglutamic acid) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Folic acid is widely distributed as a member of the vitamin B complex and is essential for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidines.
8518 reduced folate carrier activity F Catalysis of the transfer of reduced folate from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Chemiosmotic sources of energy include uniport, symport or antiport.
8519 ammonium transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of ammonium from one side of a membrane to the other. Ammonium is the cation NH4+ which is formed from N2 by root-nodule bacteria in leguminous plants and is an excretory product in ammonotelic animals.
8520 L-ascorbate:sodium symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ascorbate(out) + Na+(out) = ascorbate(in) + Na+(in).
8521 acetyl-CoA transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of acetyl-CoA into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Acetyl-CoA is a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated; it is a metabolite derived from several pathways (e.g. glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, amino-acid catabolism) and is further metabolized by the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It is a key intermediate in lipid and terpenoid biosynthesis.
8523 sodium-dependent multivitamin transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: multivitamin(out) + Na+(out) = multivitamin(in) + Na+(in). Multivitamins include pantothenate, biotin and lipoate.
8524 glucose 6-phosphate:phosphate antiporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose 6-phosphate(out) + phosphate(in) = glucose 6-phosphate(in) + phosphate(out).
8525 phosphatidylcholine transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of phosphatidylcholine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Phosphatidylcholine refers to a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline.
8526 phosphatidylinositol transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of phosphatidylinositol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Phosphatidylinositol refers to any glycophospholipids with its sn-glycerol 3-phosphate residue is esterified to the 1-hydroxyl group of 1D-myo-inositol.
8527 taste receptor activity F Combining with soluble compounds to initiate a change in cell activity. These receptors are responsible for the sense of taste.
8528 G-protein coupled peptide receptor activity F Combining with a peptide and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
8531 riboflavin kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + riboflavin = ADP + FMN + 2 H(+).
8532 N-acetyllactosaminide beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R = UDP + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R.
8534 oxidized purine nucleobase lesion DNA N-glycosylase activity F Catalysis of the removal of oxidized purine bases by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the oxidized purine and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction involves the formation of a covalent enzyme-substrate intermediate. Release of the enzyme and free base by a beta-elimination or a beta, gamma-elimination mechanism results in the cleavage of the DNA backbone 3' of the apurinic (AP) site.
8535 respiratory chain complex IV assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form respiratory chain complex IV (also known as cytochrome c oxidase), the terminal member of the respiratory chain of the mitochondrion and some aerobic bacteria. Cytochrome c oxidases are multi-subunit enzymes containing from 13 subunits in the mammalian mitochondrial form to 3-4 subunits in the bacterial forms.
8536 Ran GTPase binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with Ran, a conserved Ras-like GTP-binding protein, implicated in nucleocytoplasmic transport, cell cycle progression, spindle assembly, nuclear organization and nuclear envelope (NE) assembly.
8537 proteasome activator complex C A multisubunit complex that activates the hydrolysis of small nonubiquitinated peptides by binding to the proteasome core complex.
8540 proteasome regulatory particle, base subcomplex C The subcomplex of the proteasome regulatory particle that directly associates with the proteasome core complex.
8541 proteasome regulatory particle, lid subcomplex C The subcomplex of the proteasome regulatory particle that forms the peripheral lid, which is added on top of the base subcomplex.
8542 visual learning P Any process in an organism in which a change in behavior of an individual occurs in response to repeated exposure to a visual cue.
8543 fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
8544 epidermis development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the epidermis over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species.
8545 JUN kinase kinase activity F Catalysis of the phosphorylation of tyrosine and threonine residues in a c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), a member of a subgroup of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), which signal in response to cytokines and exposure to environmental stress. JUN kinase kinase (JNKK) is a dual-specificity protein kinase kinase and requires activation by a serine/threonine kinase JUN kinase kinase kinase.
8551 cadmium-exporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Cd2+(in) -> ADP + phosphate + Cd2+(out).
8553 hydrogen-exporting ATPase activity, phosphorylative mechanism F Catalysis of the transfer of protons from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + H+(in) -> ADP + phosphate + H+(out). These transporters use a phosphorylative mechanism, which have a phosphorylated intermediate state during the ion transport cycle.
8554 sodium-exporting ATPase activity, phosphorylative mechanism F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Na+(in) -> ADP + phosphate + Na+(out); by a phosphorylative mechanism.
8555 chloride-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Cl-(out) = ADP + phosphate + Cl-(in).
8556 potassium-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + K+(out) = ADP + phosphate + K+(in).
8558 guanine-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + guanine(out) = ADP + phosphate + guanine(in).
8559 xenobiotic-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + xenobiotic(in) = ADP + phosphate + xenobiotic(out).
8564 protein-exporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + protein+(in) -> ADP + phosphate + protein+(out); drives the concomitant secretion of proteins.
8565 protein transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of proteins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
8566 mitochondrial protein-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; drives the transport of proteins into the mitochondrion via the mitochondrial inner membrane translocase complex.
8568 microtubule-severing ATPase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate. Catalysis of the severing of a microtubule at a specific spot along its length, coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP.
8569 ATP-dependent microtubule motor activity, minus-end-directed F Catalysis of movement along a microtubule toward the minus end, coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP.
8574 ATP-dependent microtubule motor activity, plus-end-directed F Catalysis of movement along a microtubule toward the plus end, coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP.
8579 JUN kinase phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: JUN kinase serine/threonine/tyrosine phosphate + H2O = JUN kinase serine/threonine/tyrosine + phosphate.
8582 regulation of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junctions.
8583 mystery cell differentiation P The process in which an undifferentiated cell acquires the features of a mystery cell. The mystery cells are a precluster of cells that emerge from the compound eye morphogenetic furrow, normally positioned between R3 and R4. They then disappear into the surrounding pool of undifferentiated cells and have no known fate in the mature ommatidium. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
8584 male gonad development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
8585 female gonad development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the female gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
8586 imaginal disc-derived wing vein morphogenesis P The process in which anatomical structures of the veins on an imaginal disc-derived wing are generated and organized.
8587 imaginal disc-derived wing margin morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the imaginal disc-derived wing margin are generated and organized. The wing margin is a strip of cells in the third instar disc at the boundary between the presumptive dorsal and ventral surfaces of the wing blade.
8588 release of cytoplasmic sequestered NF-kappaB P The release of NF-kappaB from specific molecules in the cytoplasm to which it was bound, thereby allowing its translocation into the nucleus.
8589 regulation of smoothened signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling.
8591 regulation of Wnt signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC).
8592 regulation of Toll signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the Tl signaling pathway.
8593 regulation of Notch signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway.
8594 photoreceptor cell morphogenesis P The process in which the structures of a photoreceptor cell are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell, a sensory cell that reacts to the presence of light. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
8595 anterior/posterior axis specification, embryo P The specification of the anterior/posterior axis of the embryo by the products of genes expressed maternally and genes expressed in the zygote.
8597 calcium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase regulator activity F Modulation of the activity of the enzyme calcium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase.
8603 cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulator activity F Modulation of the activity of the enzyme cAMP-dependent protein kinase.
8607 phosphorylase kinase regulator activity F Modulation of the activity of the enzyme phosphorylase kinase.
8608 attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore P The process in which spindle microtubules become physically associated with the proteins making up the kinetochore complex.
8609 alkylglycerone-phosphate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-acyl-glycerone 3-phosphate + a long-chain alcohol = 1-alkyl-glycerone 3-phosphate + a long-chain acid anion.
8610 lipid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent.
8611 ether lipid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ether lipids, lipids that contain (normally) one lipid alcohol in ether linkage to one of the carbon atoms (normally C-1) of glycerol.
8612 peptidyl-lysine modification to peptidyl-hypusine P The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form hypusine, peptidyl-N6-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)-L-lysine.
8613 diuretic hormone activity F The action characteristic of a diuretic hormone, any peptide hormone that, upon receptor binding, regulates water balance and fluid secretion.
8614 pyridoxine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyridoxine, 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine, one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate.
8615 pyridoxine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyridoxine, 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine, one of the vitamin B6 compounds.
8616 queuosine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of queuosines, any of a series of nucleosides found in tRNA and having an additional pentenyl ring added via an NH group to the methyl group of 7-methylguanosine. The pentenyl ring may carry other substituents.
8617 guanosine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving guanine, guanine riboside, a nucleoside with a wide species distribution.
8618 7-methylguanosine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 7-methylguanosine, a modified nucleoside that forms a cap at the 5'-terminus of eukaryotic mRNA.
8622 epsilon DNA polymerase complex C A heterotetrameric DNA polymerase complex that catalyzes processive DNA synthesis in the absence of PCNA, but is further stimulated in the presence of PCNA. The complex contains a large catalytic subunit and three small subunits, and is best characterized in Saccharomyces, in which the subunits are named Pol2p, Dpb2p, Dpb3p, and Dpb4p. Some evidence suggests that DNA polymerase epsilon is the leading strand polymerase; it is also involved in nucleotide-excision repair and mismatch repair.
8623 CHRAC C An ISWI complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the ISWI family (SNF2H in mammals, Isw2 in S. cerevisiae), an ACF1 homolog, and additional small histone fold subunits (generally two of these, but Xenopus has only one and some additional non-conserved subunits). CHRAC plays roles in the regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription and in DNA replication and repair.
8625 extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors P A series of molecular signals in which a signal is conveyed from the cell surface to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with a ligand binding to a death domain receptor on the cell surface, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.
8626 granzyme-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals induced by granzymes which triggers the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of a granzyme signal, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. Granzymes are serine proteases that are secreted by cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells to induce apoptosis in target cells.
8627 intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress P A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to changes in intracellular ion homeostasis, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.
8628 hormone-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of a hormone, and which triggers the apoptotic signaling pathway in a cell. The pathway starts with reception of a hormone signal, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.
8630 intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage P A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the detection of DNA damage, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.
8631 intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress P A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.
8635 activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process by cytochrome c P Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme cysteine-type endopeptidase in the context of an apoptotic process and is mediated by cytochrome c.
8637 apoptotic mitochondrial changes P The morphological and physiological alterations undergone by mitochondria during apoptosis.
8641 small protein activating enzyme activity F Catalysis of the activation of small proteins, such as ubiquitin or ubiquitin-like proteins, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond.
8643 carbohydrate transport P The directed movement of carbohydrate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Carbohydrates are any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y.
8645 hexose transport P The directed movement of hexose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Hexoses are any aldoses with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.
8646 high-affinity hexose transport P The directed, high-affinity movement of a hexose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
8647 low-affinity hexose transport P The directed, low-affinity movement of a hexose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is only present at very low concentrations.
8649 rRNA methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to a nucleoside residue in an rRNA molecule.
8650 rRNA (uridine-2'-O-)-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing 2'-O-methyluridine.
8652 cellular amino acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents.
8653 lipopolysaccharide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipopolysaccharides, any of a group of related, structurally complex components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Lipopolysaccharides consist three covalently linked regions, lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and an O side chain. Lipid A is responsible for the toxicity of the lipopolysaccharide.
8654 phospholipid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phospholipids, any lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.
8655 pyrimidine-containing compound salvage P Any process that generates a pyrimidine-containing compound, any nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide or nucleic acid that contains a pyrimidine base, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis.
8656 cysteine-type endopeptidase activator activity involved in apoptotic process F Increases the rate of proteolysis catalyzed by a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic process.
8657 DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of ATP-hydrolyzing DNA topoisomerase. ATP-hydrolyzing DNA topoisomerase catalyzes the DNA topological transformation by transiently cleaving a pair of complementary DNA strands to form a gate through which a second double-stranded DNA segment is passed, after which the severed strands in the first DNA segment are rejoined; product release is coupled to ATP binding and hydrolysis; changes the linking number in multiples of 2.
8658 penicillin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with penicillin, any antibiotic that contains the condensed beta-lactamthiazolidine ring system.
8659 (3R)-hydroxymyristoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = tetradecenoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + H2O.
8660 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate + H(2)O = 2-oxobutanate + NH(4)(+).
8661 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H(+) + pyruvate = 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate + CO(2).
8662 1-phosphofructokinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-fructose 1-phosphate = ADP + D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.
8663 2',3'-cyclic-nucleotide 2'-phosphodiesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside 2',3'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleoside 3'-phosphate.
8664 2'-5'-RNA ligase activity F Catalysis of the formation of a phosphodiester bond between the 2'-hydroxyl group at the end of one DNA chain and the 5'-phosphate group at the end of another.
8665 2'-phosphotransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group from one compound to the 2' position of another.
8666 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate N-succinyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate + H(2)O + succinyl-CoA = L-2-succinylamino-6-oxopimelate + CoA.
8667 2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxybenzoate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzoate + NAD(+) = 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + H(+) + NADH.
8668 (2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)adenylate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + ATP = 2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl 5'-adenylate + diphosphate.
8670 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase (NADPH) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: trans-2,3-didehydroacyl-CoA + NADP+ = trans,trans-2,3,4,5-tetradehydroacyl-CoA + NADPH + H+.
8671 2-dehydro-3-deoxygalactonokinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-galactonate + ATP = 6-phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-galactonate + ADP + 2 H(+).
8672 2-dehydro-3-deoxyglucarate aldolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-glucarate = pyruvate + tartronate semialdehyde.
8673 2-dehydro-3-deoxygluconokinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate + ATP = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-6-phospho-D-gluconate + ADP + 2 H(+).
8674 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-6-phosphogalactonate aldolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 6-phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-galactonate = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + pyruvate.
8675 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-phosphogluconate aldolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate = pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.
8676 3-deoxy-8-phosphooctulonate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinose 5-phosphate + H(2)O + phosphoenolpyruvate = 8-phospho-3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonate + 2 H(+) + phosphate.
8677 2-dehydropantoate 2-reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-pantoate + NADP(+) = 2-dehydropantoate + H(+) + NADPH.
8678 2-deoxy-D-gluconate 3-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-deoxy-D-gluconate + NAD+ = 3-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate + NADH + H+.
8679 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionate reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-glycerate + NADP+ = 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate + NADPH + H+.
8681 2-octaprenyl-6-methoxyphenol hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-octaprenyl-6-methoxyphenol + O2 + 4 H+ = 2-octaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol + H2O.
8682 2-octoprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-octoprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + O2 = 2-octoprenyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone.
8683 2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + H(+) = CO(2) + succinate semialdehyde.
8684 2-oxopent-4-enoate hydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate = 2-oxopent-4-enoate + H2O.
8685 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-CDP-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2-phosphate = 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclic diphosphate + CMP.
8686 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone-4-phosphate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribulose 5-phosphate = (2S)-2-hydroxy-3-oxobutyl phosphate + formate + H(+).
8687 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate 2,3-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate + O(2) = 5-formyl-2-hydroxyhepta-2,4-dienedioate + H(+).
8688 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionate hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionate + NADH + oxygen + H+ = 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propionate + NAD+ + H2O.
8689 3-demethylubiquinone-9 3-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-demethylubiquinone-9 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + ubiquinone-9.
8690 3-deoxy-manno-octulosonate cytidylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate = diphosphate + CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate.
8691 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA + NADP+ = 3-acetoacetyl-CoA + NADPH + H+.
8692 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA epimerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA = (R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA.
8693 3-hydroxydecanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxydecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = 2,3-decenoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] or 3,4-decenoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + H2O.
8694 3-octaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate carboxy-lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-octaprenyl-4-hydroxy benzoate = 2-octaprenylphenol + CO2.
8695 3-phenylpropionate dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phenylpropionate + NADH + H+ + O2 = NAD+ + cis-3-(3-carboxyethyl)-3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol.
8696 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate = 4-aminobenzoate + H(+) + pyruvate.
8697 4-deoxy-L-threo-5-hexosulose-uronate ketol-isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucuronate = 3-deoxy-D-glycero-2,5-hexodiulosonate.
8700 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate aldolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = pyruvate + glyoxylate.
8701 4-hydroxy-2-oxovalerate aldolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate = acetaldehyde + pyruvate.
8703 5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribosylamino)uracil reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribitylamino)uracil + NADP(+) = 5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribosylamino)uracil + H(+) + NADPH.
8704 5-carboxymethyl-2-hydroxymuconate delta-isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-carboxymethyl-2-hydroxymuconate = 5-carboxy-2-oxohept-3-enedioate.
8705 methionine synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (6S)-5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-homocysteine = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-methionine.
8706 6-phospho-beta-glucosidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 6-phospho-beta-D-glucoside-(1,4)-D-glucose + H2O = D-glucose 6-phosphate + glucose.
8707 4-phytase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol hexakisphosphate + H2O = 1-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5-pentakisphosphate + phosphate.
8709 cholate 7-alpha-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cholate + NAD(+) = 3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-7-oxo-5beta-cholanate + H(+) + NADH.
8710 8-amino-7-oxononanoate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanine + H(+) + pimelyl-CoA = 8-amino-7-oxononanoate + CO(2) + CoA.
8712 ADP-glyceromanno-heptose 6-epimerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ADP-D-glycero-D-manno-heptose = ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose.
8713 ADP-heptose-lipopolysaccharide heptosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: heptosyl-KDO2-lipid A + ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose = heptosyl2-KDO2-lipid A + ADP + H+.
8714 AMP nucleosidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: AMP + H(2)O = D-ribose 5-phosphate + adenine.
8715 CDP-diacylglycerol diphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-diacylglycerol + H(2)O = a phosphatidate + CMP + 2 H(+).
8716 D-alanine-D-alanine ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 D-alanine + ATP = D-alanyl-D-alanine + ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphate.
8718 D-amino-acid dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a D-amino acid + H2O + acceptor = a 2-oxo acid + NH3 + reduced acceptor.
8719 dihydroneopterin triphosphate 2'-epimerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dihydroneopterin triphosphate = dihydromonapterin-triphosphate.
8720 D-lactate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-lactate + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + pyruvate.
8721 D-serine ammonia-lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-serine = pyruvate + NH3.
8725 DNA-3-methyladenine glycosylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: DNA containing 3-methyladenine + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 3-methyladenine. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA 3-methyladenine and the deoxyribose sugar to remove the 3-methyladenine, leaving an abasic site.
8726 alkanesulfonate monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an alkanesulfonate + O2 + FMNH2 = an aldehyde + sulfite + H2O + FMN.
8727 GDP-mannose mannosyl hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-alpha-D-mannose + H2O = GDP + D-mannose + H+.
8728 GTP diphosphokinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + GTP = AMP + guanosine 3'-diphosphate 5'-triphosphate.
8730 L(+)-tartrate dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-tartrate = H(2)O + oxaloacetate.
8732 L-allo-threonine aldolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-allo-threonine = glycine + acetaldehyde.
8733 L-arabinose isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-arabinose = L-ribulose.
8734 L-aspartate oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + O2 = iminosuccinate + hydrogen peroxide.
8735 carnitine dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-carnitine = crotono-betaine + H(2)O.
8736 L-fucose isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-fucose = L-fuculose.
8737 L-fuculokinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-fuculose + ATP = L-fuculose 1-phosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).
8738 L-fuculose-phosphate aldolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-fuculose 1-phosphate = (S)-lactaldehyde + glycerone phosphate.
8740 L-rhamnose isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-rhamnose = L-rhamnulose.
8741 ribulokinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L(or D)-ribulose = ADP + L(or D)-ribulose 5-phosphate.
8742 L-ribulose-phosphate 4-epimerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-ribulose 5-phosphate = D-xylulose 5-phosphate.
8743 L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-threonine + NAD(+) = aminoacetone + CO(2) + NADH.
8744 L-xylulokinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-xylulose = ADP + L-xylulose 5-phosphate.
8745 N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the link between N-acetylmuramoyl residues and L-amino acid residues in certain bacterial cell-wall glycopeptides.
8746 NAD(P)+ transhydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + NAD+ = NADP+ + NADH + H+.
8747 N-acetylneuraminate lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetylneuraminate = N-acetyl-D-mannosamine + pyruvate.
8748 N-ethylmaleimide reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-ethylmaleimide + NADPH + 2 H+ = N-ethylsuccinimide + NADP+.
8750 NAD(P)+ transhydrogenase (AB-specific) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + NAD+ = NADP+ + NADH + H+. The reaction is A-specific (i.e. the pro-R hydrogen is transferred from the 4-position of reduced nicotinamide cofactor) with respect to NAD+ and B-specific (i.e. the pro-S hydrogen is transferred) with respect to NADP+.
8752 FMN reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: FMNH2 + NAD(P)+ = FMN + NAD(P)H + H+.
8753 NADPH dehydrogenase (quinone) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + a quinone = NADP+ + a quinol.
8754 O antigen ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: Lipid A-core + colanic acid = MLPS.
8755 O antigen polymerase activity F Catalysis of the polymerization of o-antigen chains. O-antigens are tetra- and pentasaccharide repeat units of the cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria and are a component of lipopolysaccharide.
8756 o-succinylbenzoate-CoA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-succinylbenzoate + ATP + CoA = 2-succinylbenzoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate.
8757 S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to a substrate.
8758 UDP-2,3-diacylglucosamine hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + UDP-2,3-bis(3-hydroxymyristoyl)glucosamine = 2,3-bis(3-hydroxymyristoyl)-beta-D-glucosaminyl 1-phosphate + UMP.
8759 UDP-3-O-[3-hydroxymyristoyl] N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase activity F Catalysis of the removal of an acetyl group from the 2-N position of glucosamine in the lipid A precursor UDP-3-O-(R-3-hydroxymyristoyl)-N-acetylglucosamine.
8760 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phosphoenolpyruvate + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = phosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-3-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-D-glucosamine.
8761 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = UDP-N-acetyl-D-mannosamine.
8762 UDP-N-acetylmuramate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetylmuramate + NADP+ = UDP-N-acetyl-3-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-D-glucosamine + NADPH + H+.
8763 UDP-N-acetylmuramate-L-alanine ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanine + ATP + UDP-N-acetylmuramate = ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphate + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine.
8764 UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanine-D-glutamate ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-glutamate + ATP + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine = ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphate + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate.
8765 UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanyl-D-glutamate-2,6-diaminopimelate ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: meso-2,6-diaminopimelate + ATP + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate = ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphate + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-gamma-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate.
8766 UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanyl-D-glutamyl-2,6-diaminopimelate-D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate + D-alanyl-D-alanine = ADP + phosphate + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-6-carboxy-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine.
8767 UDP-galactopyranose mutase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-galactopyranose = UDP-D-galacto-1,4-furanose.
8768 UDP-sugar diphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-sugar + H2O = UMP + sugar 1-phosphate.
8770 [acyl-carrier-protein] phosphodiesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: [acyl-carrier protein] + H2O = 4'-phosphopantetheine + apoprotein.
8771 [citrate (pro-3S)-lyase] ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + acetate + (citrate (pro-3S)-lyase) (thiol form) = AMP + diphosphate + (citrate (pro-3S)-lyase) (acetyl form).
8772 [isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+)] kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + (isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP)) = ADP + (isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP)) phosphate.
8773 [protein-PII] uridylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UTP + (protein-PII) = diphosphate + uridylyl-(protein-PII).
8774 acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (acetylating) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+ = acetyl-CoA + NADH + H+.
8775 acetate CoA-transferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + acetate = a fatty acid anion + acetyl-CoA.
8776 acetate kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + acetate = ADP + acetyl phosphate.
8777 acetylornithine deacetylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N2-acetyl-L-ornithine + H2O = acetate + L-ornithine.
8779 acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]-phospholipid O-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + O-(2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)ethanolamine = [acyl-carrier protein] + O-(1-beta-acyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)ethanolamine.
8780 acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]-UDP-N-acetylglucosamine O-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + UDP-N-acetylglucosamine = [acyl-carrier protein] + UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-N-acetylglucosamine.
8781 N-acylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + N-acylneuraminate = diphosphate + CMP-N-acylneuraminate.
8782 adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H2O = adenine + S-D-ribosyl-L-homocysteine.
8783 agmatinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: agmatine + H(2)O = putrescine + urea.
8784 alanine racemase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanine = D-alanine.
8785 alkyl hydroperoxide reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: octane hydroperoxide + NADH + H+ = H2O + NAD+ + 1-octanol.
8786 allose 6-phosphate isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-allose-6-phosphate = D-allulose-6-phosphate.
8787 allose kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-allose = ADP + D-allose 6-phosphate.
8788 alpha,alpha-phosphotrehalase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucose + D-glucose 6-phosphate.
8789 altronate dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-altronate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate + H(2)O.
8790 arabinose isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinose = D-ribulose.
8791 arginine N-succinyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: succinyl-CoA + L-arginine = CoA + N2-succinyl-L-arginine.
8792 arginine decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine + H(+) = agmatine + CO(2).
8793 aromatic-amino-acid:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an aromatic amino acid + 2-oxoglutarate = an aromatic oxo acid + L-glutamate.
8794 arsenate reductase (glutaredoxin) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: arsenate + reduced glutaredoxin = arsenite + oxidized glutaredoxin. Glutaredoxin functions as the electron donor for arsenate reduction. The electron flow therefore is ( NADPH -> glutathione reductase (EC:1.6.4.2) -> ) glutathione -> glutaredoxin -> arsenate reductase, i.e. glutathione is reduced by glutathione reductase and glutaredoxin is reduced by glutathione.
8795 NAD+ synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + deamido-NAD+ + NH3 = AMP + diphosphate + NAD+.
8796 bis(5'-nucleosyl)-tetraphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-nucleosyl)tetraphosphate into two nucleotides.
8797 aspartate ammonia-lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate = fumarate + NH3.
8798 beta-aspartyl-peptidase activity F Catalysis of the cleavage of a beta-linked aspartic residue from the N-terminus of a polypeptide.
8800 beta-lactamase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a beta-lactam + H2O = a substituted beta-amino acid.
8801 beta-phosphoglucomutase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate = beta-D-glucose 6-phosphate.
8802 betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = betaine + NADH + H+.
8803 bis(5'-nucleosyl)-tetraphosphatase (symmetrical) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphate + H(2)O = 2 ADP + 2 H(+).
8804 carbamate kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + NH3 + CO2 = ADP + carbamoyl phosphate.
8805 carbon-monoxide oxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: CO + H2O + ferrocytochrome b-561 = CO2 + 2 H+ + 2 ferricytochrome b-561.
8806 carboxymethylenebutenolidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-carboxymethylenebut-2-en-4-olide + H2O = 4 oxohex-2-enedioate.
8807 carboxyvinyl-carboxyphosphonate phosphorylmutase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-carboxyvinyl carboxyphosphonate = 3-(hydrohydroxyphosphoryl)pyruvate + CO2.
8808 cardiolipin synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylglycerol + phosphatidylglycerol = diphosphatidylglycerol (cardiolipin) + glycerol.
8809 carnitine racemase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-carnitine = L-carnitine.
8810 cellulase activity F Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in cellulose, lichenin and cereal beta-D-glucans.
8811 chloramphenicol O-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: chloramphenicol + acetyl-CoA = chloramphenicol 3-acetate + CoA.
8812 choline dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: A + choline = AH(2) + betaine aldehyde.
8813 chorismate lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: chorismate = 4-hydroxybenzoate + pyruvate.
8814 citrate CoA-transferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + citrate = acetate + (3S)-citryl-CoA.
8815 citrate (pro-3S)-lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: citrate = acetate + oxaloacetate.
8816 citryl-CoA lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (3S)-citryl-CoA = acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate.
8817 cob(I)yrinic acid a,c-diamide adenosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + cob(I)alamin + H2O = phosphate + diphosphate + adenosylcobalamin.
8818 cobalamin 5'-phosphate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: adenosylcobinamide-GDP + alpha-ribazole-5'-phosphate = adenosylcobalamin-5'-phosphate + GMP.
8819 cobinamide kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cobinamide + ATP = cobinamide phosphate + ADP. This reaction is the phosphorylation of the hydroxyl group of the 1-amino-2-propanol residue of cobinamide, in the presence of ATP, to form cobinamide phosphate.
8820 cobinamide phosphate guanylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: adenosylcobinamide phosphate + GTP + 2 H(+) = adenosylcobinamide-GDP + diphosphate.
8821 crossover junction endodeoxyribonuclease activity F Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage at a junction such as a reciprocal single-stranded crossover between two homologous DNA duplexes (Holliday junction).
8823 cupric reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: Cu+ + NAD+ + H+ = Cu2+ + NADH.
8824 cyanate hydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cyanate + H2O = carbamate.
8825 cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phospholipid olefinic fatty acid = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + phospholipid cyclopropane fatty acid.
8826 cysteine sulfinate desulfinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-sulfinoalanine = L-alanine + sulfite.
8827 cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ubiquinol + O2 = ubiquinone + 2 H2O; cytochrome O is the electron acceptor.
8828 dATP pyrophosphohydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: deoxy-ATP + H2O = dAMP + diphosphate.
8829 dCTP deaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dCTP + H2O = dUTP + NH3.
8830 dTDP-4-dehydrorhamnose 3,5-epimerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-alpha-D-glucose = dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-L-mannose.
8831 dTDP-4-dehydrorhamnose reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-6-deoxy-L-mannose + NADP(+) = dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-L-mannose + H(+) + NADPH.
8832 dGTPase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dGTP + H(2)O = 2'-deoxyguanosine + 2 H(+) + triphosphate.
8833 deoxyribonuclease IV (phage-T4-induced) activity F Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage to 5'-phosphooligonucleotide end-products.
8834 di-trans,poly-cis-decaprenylcistransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: di-trans-poly-cis-decaprenyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = diphosphate + di-trans-poly-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate.
8835 diaminohydroxyphosphoribosylaminopyrimidine deaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-diamino-6-hydroxy-4-(5-phosphoribosylamino)-pyrimidine + H(2)O + H(+) = 5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribosylamino)uracil + NH(4)(+).
8836 diaminopimelate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: meso-2,6-diaminopimelate + H(+) = L-lysine + CO(2).
8837 diaminopimelate epimerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: LL-2,6-diaminopimelate = meso-2,6-diaminopimelate.
8838 diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-diaminopropionate + H2O = pyruvate + 2 NH3.
8839 4-hydroxy-tetrahydrodipicolinate reductase F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate + NAD(P)+ + H2O = (2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate + NAD(P)H + H+.
8840 4-hydroxy-tetrahydrodipicolinate synthase F Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + L-aspartate-4-semialdehyde = (2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate + H2O.
8841 dihydrofolate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + dihydropterate + L-glutamate = ADP + phosphate + dihydrofolate.
8842 diphosphate-purine nucleoside kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: diphosphate + a purine nucleoside = monophosphate + a purine mononucleotide.
8843 endochitinase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of nonterminal (1->4)-beta linkages of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) polymers of chitin and chitodextrins. Typically, endochitinases cleave randomly within the chitin chain.
8847 Enterobacter ribonuclease activity F Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage to 3'-phosphomononucleotides and 3'-phosphooligonucleotides with 2',3'-cyclic phosphate intermediates.
8849 enterochelin esterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: enterobactin + 3 H2O = 3 N-23-dihydroxybenzoyl-L-serine + 3 H+.
8851 ethanolamine ammonia-lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ethanolamine = acetaldehyde + NH3.
8852 exodeoxyribonuclease I activity F Catalysis of the degradation of single-stranded DNA. It acts progressively in a 3' to 5' direction, releasing 5'-phosphomononucleotides.
8853 exodeoxyribonuclease III activity F Catalysis of the degradation of double-stranded DNA. It acts progressively in a 3' to 5' direction, releasing 5'-phosphomononucleotides.
8854 exodeoxyribonuclease V activity F Catalysis of the exonucleolytic cleavage (in the presence of ATP) in either 5' to 3' or 3' to 5' direction to yield 5'-phosphooligonucleotides.
8855 exodeoxyribonuclease VII activity F Catalysis of the exonucleolytic cleavage in either 5' to 3' or 3' to 5' direction to yield 5'-phosphomononucleotides.
8856 exodeoxyribonuclease X activity F Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of supercoiled plasma DNA to linear DNA duplexes.
8859 exoribonuclease II activity F Catalysis of the reaction: RNA + H2O = 5'-phosphomononucleotides. Cleaves RNA in the 3' to 5' direction.
8860 ferredoxin-NAD+ reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: reduced ferredoxin + NAD+ = oxidized ferredoxin + NADH + H+.
8861 formate C-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + formate = CoA + pyruvate.
8863 formate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: formate + NAD(+) = CO(2) + NADH.
8864 formyltetrahydrofolate deformylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate + H(2)O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + formate + H(+).
8865 fructokinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-fructose = ADP + D-fructose 6-phosphate.
8866 fructuronate reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannonate + NAD(+) = D-fructuronate + H(+) + NADH.
8867 galactarate dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: galactarate = 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate + H(2)O.
8868 galactitol-1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: galactitol-1-phosphate + NAD+ = L-tagatose 6-phosphate + NADH + H+.
8869 galactonate dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactonate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-galactonate + H(2)O.
8870 galactoside O-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + a beta-D-galactoside = CoA + a 6-acetyl-beta-D-galactoside.
8871 aminoglycoside 2''-nucleotidyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + aminoglycoside = diphosphate + 2''-nucleotidylaminoglycoside.
8872 glucarate dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucarate = 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate + H2O.
8873 gluconate 2-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-gluconate + NADP+ = 2-dehydro-D-gluconate + NADPH + H+.
8874 gluconate 5-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-gluconate + NADP+ = 5-dehydro-D-gluconate + NADPH + H+.
8875 gluconate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-gluconate + NADP+ = dehydro-D-gluconate + NADPH + H+.
8876 quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose + ubiquinone = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + ubiquinol.
8877 glucose-1-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + H2O = D-glucose + phosphate.
8878 glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + ATP = ADP-glucose + diphosphate.
8879 glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + dTTP = diphosphate + dTDP-glucose.
8880 glucuronate isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucuronate = D-fructuronate.
8881 glutamate racemase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate = D-glutamate.
8882 [glutamate-ammonia-ligase] adenylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming)] = diphosphate + adenylyl-[L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming)].
8883 glutamyl-tRNA reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoate + NADP(+) + tRNA(Glu) = L-glutamyl-tRNA(Glu) + H(+) + NADPH.
8884 glutathionylspermidine amidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N1-(gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycyl)-spermidine + H2O = gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine + spermidine.
8885 glutathionylspermidine synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine + spermidine + ATP = N1-(gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycyl)-spermidine + ADP + phosphate.
8886 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP+) (non-phosphorylating) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H(2)O + NADP(+) = 3-phospho-D-glycerate + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
8887 glycerate kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-glycerate + ATP = 3-phospho-D-glycerate + ADP + 2 H(+).
8888 glycerol dehydrogenase [NAD+] activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glycerol + NAD(+) = glycerone + H(+) + NADH.
8889 glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a glycerophosphodiester + H2O = an alcohol + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate.
8890 glycine C-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + glycine = L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoate + CoA + H(+).
8891 glycolate oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glycolate + O2 = glyoxylate + hydrogen peroxide.
8892 guanine deaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: guanine + H2O = xanthine + NH3.
8893 guanosine-3',5'-bis(diphosphate) 3'-diphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: guanosine 3',5'-bis(diphosphate) + H2O = guanosine 5'-diphosphate + diphosphate.
8894 guanosine-5'-triphosphate,3'-diphosphate diphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: guanosine 5'-triphosphate,3'-diphosphate + H2O = guanosine 5'-diphosphate,3'-diphosphate + phosphate.
8897 holo-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: CoA + substrate-serine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + substrate-serine-4'-phosphopantetheine. The transfer of the 4'-phosphopantetheine (Ppant) co-factor from coenzyme A to the hydroxyl side chain of the serine residue of acyl- or peptidyl-carrier protein (ACP or PCP) to convert them from the apo to the holo form.
8898 S-adenosylmethionine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + L-methionine.
8899 homoserine O-succinyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-homoserine + succinyl-CoA = O-succinyl-L-homoserine + CoA.
8900 hydrogen:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + H+(in) + K+(out) = ADP + phosphate + H+(out) + K+(in).
8901 ferredoxin hydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+ = 2 oxidized ferredoxin + H2.
8902 hydroxymethylpyrimidine kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine + ATP = 4-amino-2-methyl-5-phosphomethylpyrimidine + ADP + 2 H(+).
8903 hydroxypyruvate isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypyruvate = 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate.
8904 hygromycin-B 7''-O-phosphotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + hygromycin B = 7''-O-phosphohygromycin B + ADP + 2 H(+).
8905 mannose-phosphate guanylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group from GTP or GDP to a mannose molecule.
8906 inosine kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + inosine = ADP + IMP.
8907 integrase activity F Catalysis of the integration of one segment of DNA into another.
8908 isochorismatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + isochorismate = 2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzoate + pyruvate.
8909 isochorismate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: chorismate = isochorismate.
8910 kanamycin kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + kanamycin = ADP + 2 H(+) + kanamycin 3'-phosphate.
8911 lactaldehyde dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-lactaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = (S)-lactate + NADH + H+.
8912 lactaldehyde reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: propane-1,2-diol + NAD+ = lactaldehyde + NADH + H+.
8913 lauroyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a lauroyl (dodecanoyl) group from one compound to another.
8914 leucyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-leucyl-tRNA + protein = tRNA + L-leucyl-protein.
8915 lipid-A-disaccharide synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-beta-D-glucosaminyl 1-phosphate + UDP-2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-D-glucosamine = 2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-D-glucosaminyl-(1->6)-beta-D-2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-beta-D-glucosaminyl 1-phosphate + H(+) + UDP.
8917 lipopolysaccharide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + lipopolysaccharide = UDP + N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-lipopolysaccharide.
8918 lipopolysaccharide 3-alpha-galactosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + lipopolysaccharide = UDP + 1,3 alpha-D-galactosyl-lipopolysaccharide.
8919 lipopolysaccharide glucosyltransferase I activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + lipopolysaccharide = UDP + D-glucosyl-lipopolysaccharide.
8920 lipopolysaccharide heptosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a lipopolysaccharide + ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose = a heptosylated lipopolysaccharide + ADP + H+.
8921 lipopolysaccharide-1,6-galactosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + lipopolysaccharide = UDP + 1,6 alpha-D-galactosyl-lipopolysaccharide.
8922 long-chain fatty acid [acyl-carrier-protein] ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + an acid + [acyl-carrier protein] = AMP + diphosphate + acyl-[acyl-carrier protein]. A long-chain fatty acid is fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.
8923 lysine decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + H(+) = cadaverine + CO(2).
8924 malate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-malate + a quinone = oxaloacetate + a quinol.
8925 maltose O-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + maltose = CoA + acetyl-maltose.
8926 mannitol-1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannitol 1-phosphate + NAD+ = D-fructose 6-phosphate + NADH + H+.
8927 mannonate dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannonate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate + H(2)O.
8928 mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase (GDP) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate + GDP + H(+) = GDP-alpha-D-mannose + phosphate.
8929 methylglyoxal synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glycerone phosphate = methylglyoxal + phosphate.
8930 methylthioadenosine nucleosidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: methylthioadenosine + H2O = adenine + 5-methylthio-D-ribose.
8932 lytic endotransglycosylase activity F Catalysis of the specific cleavage of the beta-(1->4) glycosidic linkage between N-acetylmuramyl and N-acetylglucosaminyl residues in peptidoglycan, with the concomitant formation of 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramyl residues. Acts on linkages within peptidoglycan chains (i.e. not at the ends) to produce shorter strands with 1,6-anhydromuramic acid ends.
8933 lytic transglycosylase activity F Catalysis of the specific cleavage of the beta-(1->4) glycosidic linkage between N-acetylmuramyl and N-acetylglucosaminyl residues in peptidoglycan, with the concomitant formation of 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramyl residues.
8934 inositol monophosphate 1-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol 1-phosphate + H2O = myo-inositol + phosphate.
8935 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-CoA synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(2-carboxyphenyl)-4-oxobutanoyl-CoA = 1,4-dihydroxy-2-napthoyl-CoA + H2O.
8936 nicotinamidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: nicotinamide + H2O = nicotinate + NH3.
8937 ferredoxin-NAD(P) reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: reduced ferredoxin + NAD(P)+ = oxidized ferredoxin + NAD(P)H + H+.
8938 nicotinate N-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + nicotinate = N-methylnicotinate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
8939 nicotinate-nucleotide-dimethylbenzimidazole phosphoribosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole + nicotinate D-ribonucleotide = alpha-ribazole 5'-phosphate + H(+) + nicotinate.
8940 nitrate reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: nitrite + acceptor = nitrate + reduced acceptor.
8941 nitric oxide dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 NO + 2 O2 + NADPH + H+ = 2 nitrate + NADP+.
8942 nitrite reductase [NAD(P)H] activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ammonium hydroxide + 3 NAD(P)+ + H2O = nitrite + 3 NAD(P)H + 3 H+.
8946 oligonucleotidase activity F Catalysis of the exonucleolytic cleavage of oligonucleotides to yield nucleoside 5'-phosphates.
8948 oxaloacetate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: oxaloacetate = pyruvate + CO2.
8949 oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(+) + oxalyl-CoA = CO(2) + formyl-CoA.
8951 palmitoleoyl [acyl-carrier-protein]-dependent acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a palmitoleoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + alpha-KDO-(2->4)-alpha-KDO-(2->6)-lipid IVA = KDO2-(palmitoleoyl)-lipid IVA + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein].
8953 penicillin amidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: penicillin + H2O = a carboxylate + 6-aminopenicillanate.
8955 peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: [GlcNAc-(1,4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)](n)-diphosphoundecaprenol + GlcNAc-(1,4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)-diphosphoundecaprenol = [GlcNAc-(1,4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)](n+1)-diphosphoundecaprenol + undecaprenyl diphosphate.
8957 phenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phenylacetaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = phenylacetate + NADH + H+.
8959 phosphate acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + phosphate = CoA + acetyl phosphate.
8960 phosphatidylglycerol-membrane-oligosaccharide glycerophosphotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylglycerol + membrane-derived-oligosaccharide D-glucose = 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + membrane-derived-oligosaccharide 6-(glycerophospho)-D-glucose.
8961 phosphatidylglycerol-prolipoprotein diacylglyceryl transferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of the diacylglyceryl group from phosphatidylglycerol to the sulfhydryl group of the prospective N-terminal cysteine residue in an unmodified prolipoprotein.
8962 phosphatidylglycerophosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylglycerophosphate + H2O = phosphatidylglycerol + phosphate.
8963 phospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide-transferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine + undecaprenyl phosphate = UMP + N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine-diphosphoundecaprenol.
8964 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phosphate + oxaloacetate = phosphoenolpyruvate + HCO3-.
8965 phosphoenolpyruvate-protein phosphotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phosphoenolpyruvate + protein L-histidine = pyruvate + protein N(pi)-phospho-L-histidine.
8966 phosphoglucosamine mutase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate.
8967 phosphoglycolate phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phosphoglycolate + H(2)O = glycolate + phosphate.
8968 D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-sedoheptulose-7-phosphate = D-alpha,beta-D-heptose 7-phosphate.
8969 phosphohistidine phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phosphohistidine + H2O = histidine + phosphate.
8970 phosphatidylcholine 1-acylhydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylcholine + H2O = 2-acylglycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate.
8972 phosphomethylpyrimidine kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 4-amino-2-methyl-5-phosphomethylpyrimidine = ADP + 4-amino-2-methyl-5-diphosphomethylpyrimidine.
8973 phosphopentomutase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 1-phosphate = D-ribose 5-phosphate.
8974 phosphoribulokinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribulose 5-phosphate + ATP = D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).
8976 polyphosphate kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + phosphate(n) = ADP + phosphate(n+1).
8977 prephenate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(+) + prephenate = (4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + CO(2) + NADH.
8979 prophage integrase activity F Catalysis of the integration of prophage DNA into a target DNA molecule, usually a bacterial chromosome, via a sequence-specific recombination event which involves the formation of an intasome, a DNA-protein-complex designed for site-specific recombination of the phage and host DNA.
8980 propionate kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + propanoate = ADP + propanoyl phosphate.
8982 protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-sugar phosphotransferase activity F Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + sugar(out) = protein histidine + sugar phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.
8983 protein-glutamate O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + protein L-glutamate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + protein L-glutamate 5-methyl ester; this reaction is the methylation of peptidyl-L-glutamate to form peptidyl-L-glutamate 5-methyl ester.
8984 protein-glutamate methylesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: protein L-glutamate O(5)-methyl ester + H2O = protein L-glutamate + methanol.
8986 pyruvate, water dikinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H(2)O + pyruvate = AMP + 3 H(+) + phosphate + phosphoenolpyruvate.
8987 quinolinate synthetase A activity F Catalysis of the reaction: iminoaspartate + dihydroxy-acetone-phosphate = quinolinate + 2 H2O + phosphate.
8988 rRNA (adenine-N6-)-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N6-methyladenine.
8989 rRNA (guanine-N1-)-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N1-methylguanine.
8990 rRNA (guanine-N2-)-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N2-methylguanine.
8993 rhamnulokinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-rhamnulose = ADP + L-rhamnulose 1-phosphate.
8994 rhamnulose-1-phosphate aldolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-rhamnulose 1-phosphate = glycerone phosphate + (S)-lactaldehyde.
8995 ribonuclease E activity F Catalysis of the cleavage of single-stranded RNA that is monophosphorylated at its 5'-end; cleavage occurs predominantly at 5 nucleotides from the 5'-end and in A + U-rich regions, and is blocked by the presence of a 5'-triphosphate group.
8996 ribonuclease G activity F Catalysis of the cleavage of single-stranded RNA that is monophosphorylated at its 5'-end; cleavage occurs predominantly at positions 5 and 6 nucleotides from the 5'-end and in A + U-rich regions, and is blocked by the presence of a 5'-triphosphate group.
8997 ribonuclease R activity F Catalysis of the reaction: RNA + H2O = 5'-phosphomononucleotides. Cleaves RNA in the 3' to 5' direction, leaving an undigested core of 3-5 nucleotides.
8998 ribonucleoside-triphosphate reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = ribonucleoside triphosphate + thioredoxin.
8999 ribosomal-protein-alanine N-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + ribosomal-protein L-alanine = CoA + ribosomal-protein N-acetyl-L-alanine.
9000 selenocysteine lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor = hydrogen selenide + L-alanine + acceptor.
9001 serine O-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + acetyl-CoA = O-acetyl-L-serine + CoA.
9002 serine-type D-Ala-D-Ala carboxypeptidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (Ac)2-L-Lys-D-alanyl-D-alanine + H2O = (Ac)2-L-Lys-D-alanine + D-alanine.
9007 site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + DNA adenine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + DNA 6-methylaminopurine.
9008 DNA-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to a DNA molecule.
9009 site-specific recombinase activity F Catalysis of the formation of new phosphodiester bonds between a pair of short, unique DNA target sequences.
9010 sorbitol-6-phosphate 2-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-sorbitol 6-phosphate + NAD+ = D-fructose 6-phosphate + NADH + H+.
9011 starch synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ADP-glucose + (1,4)-alpha-D-glucosyl(n) = ADP + (1,4)-alpha-D-glucosyl(n+1).
9012 aminoglycoside 3''-adenylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + streptomycin = 3''-adenylylstreptomycin + diphosphate + H(+).
9013 succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity F Catalysis of the reaction: succinate semialdehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O = succinate + NAD(P)H + H+.
9014 succinyl-diaminopimelate desuccinylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-succinyl-LL-2,6-diaminopimelate + H(2)O = LL-2,6-diaminopimelate + succinate.
9015 N-succinylarginine dihydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-succinyl-L-arginine + 2 H(2)O + 2 H(+) = N(2)-succinyl-L-ornithine + CO(2) + 2 NH(4)(+).
9016 succinyldiaminopimelate transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + N-succinyl-LL-2,6-diaminopimelate = L-2-succinylamino-6-oxopimelate + L-glutamate.
9017 succinylglutamate desuccinylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-succinyl-L-glutamate + H(2)O = L-glutamate + succinate.
9018 sucrose phosphorylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose + phosphate = D-fructose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate.
9019 tRNA (guanine-N1-)-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing N1-methylguanine.
9020 tRNA (guanosine-2'-O-)-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing 2'-O-methylguanosine.
9022 tRNA nucleotidyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA(n+1) + phosphate = tRNA(n) + a nucleoside diphosphate.
9024 tagatose-6-phosphate kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-tagatose 6-phosphate = ADP + D-tagatose 1,6-bisphosphate.
9025 tagatose-bisphosphate aldolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-tagatose 1,6-diphosphate = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + glycerone phosphate.
9026 tagaturonate reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-altronate + NAD(+) = D-tagaturonate + H(+) + NADH.
9027 tartrate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: tartrate + NAD+ = oxaloglycolate + NADH + H+.
9028 tartronate-semialdehyde synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 glyoxylate + H(+) = 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate + CO(2).
9029 tetraacyldisaccharide 4'-kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-D-glucosaminyl-(1->6)-beta-D-2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-beta-D-glucosaminyl 1-phosphate + ATP = ADP + 2 H(+) + lipid IV(a).
9030 thiamine-phosphate kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + thiamine phosphate = ADP + H(+) + thiamine diphosphate.
9032 thymidine phosphorylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: thymidine + phosphate = thymine + 2-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate.
9033 trimethylamine-N-oxide reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + H+ + trimethylamine-N-oxide = NAD+ + trimethylamine + H2O.
9034 tryptophanase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + H(2)O = indole + NH(4)(+) + pyruvate.
9035 Type I site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity F Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA to give random double-stranded fragments with terminal 5' or 3' protrusions; ATP is simultaneously hydrolyzed. Cleavage is dependent on the presence in the DNA of a specific recognition site. Cleavage may occur hundreds or thousands of base pairs away from the recognition site due to translocation of DNA.
9036 Type II site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity F Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA to give specific double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates and 3' hydroxyls. Cleavage is dependent on the presence in the DNA of a specific recognition site; cleavage occurs at or very near this recognition site.
9037 tyrosine-based site-specific recombinase activity F Catalysis of the formation of new phosphodiester bonds between a pair of short, unique DNA target sequences; occurs through a phosphotyrosyl intermediate in which the target sequence is first cleaved by the nucleophilic attack by a tyrosine in the active site.
9038 undecaprenol kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + undecaprenol = ADP + undecaprenyl phosphate.
9039 urease activity F Catalysis of the reaction: urea + H2O = CO2 + 2 NH3.
9040 ureidoglycolate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-ureidoglycolate + NAD(P)+ = oxalureate + NAD(P)H + H+.
9041 uridylate kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + (d)UMP = ADP + (d)UDP.
9042 valine-pyruvate transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-valine + pyruvate = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine.
9044 xylan 1,4-beta-xylosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-xylans so as to remove successive D-xylose residues from the non-reducing termini.
9045 xylose isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylose = D-xylulose.
9046 zinc D-Ala-D-Ala carboxypeptidase activity F Catalysis of the cleavage of the D-alanyl-D-alanine bond in (Ac)2-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine.
9047 dosage compensation by hyperactivation of X chromosome P Compensating for the two-fold variation in X-chromosome:autosome ratios between sexes by a global hyperactivation of all, or most of, the genes on the X-chromosome in the heterogametic sex, leading to a two-fold increase in gene expression from this chromosome. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
9048 dosage compensation by inactivation of X chromosome P Compensating for the two-fold variation in X-chromosome:autosome ratios between sexes by a global inactivation of all, or most of, the genes on one of the X-chromosomes in the XX sex.
9050 glycopeptide catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycopeptides, any compound in which carbohydrate is covalently attached to an oligopeptide composed of residues of L and/or D-amino acids. The term usually denotes a product of proteolytic degradation of a glycoprotein but includes glycated peptide.
9051 pentose-phosphate shunt, oxidative branch P The branch of the pentose-phosphate shunt which involves the oxidation of glucose 6-P and produces ribulose 5-P, reduced NADP+ and carbon dioxide (CO2).
9052 pentose-phosphate shunt, non-oxidative branch P The branch of the pentose-phosphate shunt which does not involve oxidation reactions. It comprises a series of sugar phosphate interconversions, starting with ribulose 5-P and producing fructose 6-P and glyceraldehyde 3-P.
9055 electron carrier activity F Any molecular entity that serves as an electron acceptor and electron donor in an electron transport chain. An electron transport chain is a process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors to any of several different terminal electron acceptors to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.
9056 catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, including the breakdown of carbon compounds with the liberation of energy for use by the cell or organism.
9057 macromolecule catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
9058 biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances; typically the energy-requiring part of metabolism in which simpler substances are transformed into more complex ones.
9059 macromolecule biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
9060 aerobic respiration P The enzymatic release of energy from inorganic and organic compounds (especially carbohydrates and fats) which requires oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor.
9061 anaerobic respiration P The enzymatic release of energy from inorganic and organic compounds (especially carbohydrates and fats) which uses compounds other than oxygen (e.g. nitrate, sulfate) as the terminal electron acceptor.
9062 fatty acid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a fatty acid, any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils. Fatty acids are predominantly straight-chain acids of 4 to 24 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated; branched fatty acids and hydroxy fatty acids also occur, and very long chain acids of over 30 carbons are found in waxes.
9063 cellular amino acid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents.
9064 glutamine family amino acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids of the glutamine family, comprising arginine, glutamate, glutamine and proline.
9065 glutamine family amino acid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids of the glutamine family, comprising arginine, glutamate, glutamine and proline.
9066 aspartate family amino acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids of the aspartate family, comprising asparagine, aspartate, lysine, methionine and threonine.
9067 aspartate family amino acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids of the aspartate family, comprising asparagine, aspartate, lysine, methionine and threonine.
9068 aspartate family amino acid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids of the aspartate family, comprising asparagine, aspartate, lysine, methionine and threonine.
9069 serine family amino acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids of the serine family, comprising cysteine, glycine, homoserine, selenocysteine and serine.
9070 serine family amino acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids of the serine family, comprising cysteine, glycine, homoserine, selenocysteine and serine.
9071 serine family amino acid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids of the serine family, comprising cysteine, glycine, homoserine, selenocysteine and serine.
9072 aromatic amino acid family metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving aromatic amino acid family, amino acids with aromatic ring (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan).
9073 aromatic amino acid family biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aromatic amino acid family, amino acids with aromatic ring (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan).
9074 aromatic amino acid family catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aromatic amino acid family, amino acids with aromatic ring (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan).
9078 pyruvate family amino acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving any amino acid that requires pyruvate for its synthesis, e.g. alanine.
9079 pyruvate family amino acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any amino acid that requires pyruvate for its synthesis, e.g. alanine.
9080 pyruvate family amino acid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any amino acid that requires pyruvate for its synthesis, e.g. alanine.
9081 branched-chain amino acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids containing a branched carbon skeleton, comprising isoleucine, leucine and valine.
9082 branched-chain amino acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids containing a branched carbon skeleton, comprising isoleucine, leucine and valine.
9083 branched-chain amino acid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids containing a branched carbon skeleton, comprising isoleucine, leucine and valine.
9084 glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids of the glutamine family, comprising arginine, glutamate, glutamine and proline.
9085 lysine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.
9086 methionine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methionine (2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid), a sulfur-containing, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.
9087 methionine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methionine (2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid), a sulfur-containing, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.
9088 threonine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of threonine (2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid), a polar, uncharged, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.
9089 lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine, via the intermediate diaminopimelate.
9090 homoserine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of homoserine, alpha-amino-gamma-hydroxybutyric acid.
9091 homoserine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of homoserine, alpha-amino-gamma-hydroxybutyric acid.
9092 homoserine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving homoserine, alpha-amino-gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cystathionine, threonine and methionine.
9093 cysteine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cysteine, 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid.
9094 L-phenylalanine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-phenylalanine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid.
9095 aromatic amino acid family biosynthetic process, prephenate pathway P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phenylalanine and tyrosine from other compounds, including chorismate, via the intermediate prephenate.
9097 isoleucine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoleucine, (2R*,3R*)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid.
9098 leucine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of leucine, 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid.
9099 valine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of valine, 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid.
9100 glycoprotein metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.
9101 glycoprotein biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.
9102 biotin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of biotin, cis-tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid.
9103 lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipopolysaccharides, any of a group of related, structurally complex components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.
9104 lipopolysaccharide catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipopolysaccharides, any of a group of related, structurally complex components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.
9106 lipoate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoate, 1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoate, the anion derived from lipoic acid.
9107 lipoate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipoate, 1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoate, the anion derived from lipoic acid.
9108 coenzyme biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of coenzymes, any of various nonprotein organic cofactors that are required, in addition to an enzyme and a substrate, for an enzymatic reaction to proceed.
9109 coenzyme catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of coenzymes, any of various nonprotein organic cofactors that are required, in addition to an enzyme and a substrate, for an enzymatic reaction to proceed.
9110 vitamin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body.
9111 vitamin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body.
9112 nucleobase metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleobase, a nitrogenous base that is a constituent of a nucleic acid, e.g. the purines: adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine, xanthine and the pyrimidines: cytosine, uracil, thymine.
9113 purine nucleobase biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, which include adenine and guanine.
9114 hypoxanthine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hypoxanthine, 6-hydroxy purine, an intermediate in the degradation of adenylate. Its ribonucleoside is known as inosine and its ribonucleotide as inosinate.
9115 xanthine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xanthine, 2,6-dihydroxypurine, a purine formed in the metabolic breakdown of guanine but not present in nucleic acids.
9116 nucleoside metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside, a nucleobase linked to either beta-D-ribofuranose (a ribonucleoside) or 2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose, (a deoxyribonucleoside), e.g. adenosine, guanosine, inosine, cytidine, uridine and deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxycytidine and thymidine (= deoxythymidine).
9117 nucleotide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleotide, a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates).
9118 regulation of nucleoside metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleosides.
9119 ribonucleoside metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which purine or pyrimidine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule.
9120 deoxyribonucleoside metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
9123 nucleoside monophosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
9124 nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
9125 nucleoside monophosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
9126 purine nucleoside monophosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
9127 purine nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
9128 purine nucleoside monophosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
9129 pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
9130 pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
9131 pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
9132 nucleoside diphosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
9133 nucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
9134 nucleoside diphosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
9135 purine nucleoside diphosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
9136 purine nucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
9137 purine nucleoside diphosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
9138 pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
9139 pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
9140 pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
9141 nucleoside triphosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
9142 nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
9143 nucleoside triphosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
9144 purine nucleoside triphosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
9145 purine nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
9146 purine nucleoside triphosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
9147 pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
9148 pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
9149 pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
9150 purine ribonucleotide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
9151 purine deoxyribonucleotide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
9152 purine ribonucleotide biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
9153 purine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
9154 purine ribonucleotide catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
9155 purine deoxyribonucleotide catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
9156 ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
9157 deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
9158 ribonucleoside monophosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
9159 deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
9161 ribonucleoside monophosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
9162 deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
9163 nucleoside biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
9164 nucleoside catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
9165 nucleotide biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotides, any nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic-nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates).
9166 nucleotide catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides, any nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic-nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates).
9167 purine ribonucleoside monophosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
9168 purine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
9169 purine ribonucleoside monophosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
9170 purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
9171 purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
9172 purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
9173 pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
9174 pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
9175 pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
9176 pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine deoxynucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
9177 pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine deoxynucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
9178 pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine deoxynucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.
9179 purine ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
9180 purine ribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
9181 purine ribonucleoside diphosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
9182 purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
9183 purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
9184 purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
9185 ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
9186 deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
9187 cyclic nucleotide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cyclic nucleotide, a nucleotide in which the phosphate group is in diester linkage to two positions on the sugar residue.
9188 ribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
9189 deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
9190 cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cyclic nucleotide, a nucleotide in which the phosphate group is in diester linkage to two positions on the sugar residue.
9191 ribonucleoside diphosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
9192 deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
9193 pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
9194 pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
9195 pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
9196 pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine deoxynucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
9197 pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
9198 pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine deoxynucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.
9199 ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
9200 deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
9201 ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
9202 deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
9203 ribonucleoside triphosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
9204 deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
9205 purine ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
9206 purine ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
9207 purine ribonucleoside triphosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
9208 pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
9209 pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
9210 pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
9211 pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
9212 pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
9213 pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
9214 cyclic nucleotide catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a cyclic nucleotide, a nucleotide in which the phosphate group is in diester linkage to two positions on the sugar residue.
9215 purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
9216 purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
9217 purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
9218 pyrimidine ribonucleotide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyrimidine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
9219 pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyrimidine deoxynucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
9220 pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyrimidine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
9221 pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
9222 pyrimidine ribonucleotide catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pyrimidine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
9223 pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
9224 CMP biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CMP, cytidine monophosphate.
9225 nucleotide-sugar metabolic process P The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleotide-sugars, any nucleotide-carbohydrate in which the distal phosphoric residue of a nucleoside 5'-diphosphate is in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.
9226 nucleotide-sugar biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotide-sugars, any nucleotide-carbohydrate in which the distal phosphoric residue of a nucleoside 5'-diphosphate is in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.
9227 nucleotide-sugar catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotide-sugars, any nucleotide-carbohydrate in which the distal phosphoric residue of a nucleoside 5'-diphosphate is in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.
9228 thiamine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine (vitamin B1), a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver.
9229 thiamine diphosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine diphosphate, a derivative of thiamine (vitamin B1) which acts as a coenzyme in a range of processes including the Krebs cycle.
9230 thiamine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of thiamine (vitamin B1), a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver.
9231 riboflavin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of riboflavin (vitamin B2), the precursor for the coenzymes flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD).
9232 riboflavin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of riboflavin (vitamin B2), the precursor for the coenzymes flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD).
9233 menaquinone metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the menaquinones, quinone-derived compounds synthesized by intestinal bacteria. Structurally, menaquinones consist of a methylated naphthoquinone ring structure and side chains composed of a variable number of unsaturated isoprenoid residues. Menaquinones have vitamin K activity and are known as vitamin K2.
9234 menaquinone biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of the menaquinones. Structurally, menaquinones consist of a methylated naphthoquinone ring structure and side chains composed of a variable number of unsaturated isoprenoid residues. Menaquinones that have vitamin K activity and are known as vitamin K2.
9235 cobalamin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom.
9236 cobalamin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom.
9237 siderophore metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving siderophores, low molecular weight Fe(III)-chelating substances made by aerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacteria, especially when growing under iron deficient conditions. The complexes of Fe(3+)-siderophores have very high stability constants and are taken up by specific transport systems by microorganisms; the subsequent release of iron requires enzymatic action.
9238 enterobactin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving enterobactin, a catechol-derived siderochrome of Enterobacteria; enterobactin (N',N',N''-(2,6,10-trioxo-1,5,9-triacyclodecane-3,7,11-triyl)tris(2,3-dihydroxy)benzamide) is a self-triester of 2,3-dihydroxy-N-benzoyl-L-serine and a product of the shikimate pathway.
9239 enterobactin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of enterobactin, a catechol-derived siderochrome of Enterobacteria; enterobactin (N',N',N''-(2,6,10-trioxo-1,5,9-triacyclodecane-3,7,11-triyl)tris(2,3-dihydroxy)benzamide) is a self-triester of 2,3-dihydroxy-N-benzoyl-L-serine and a product of the shikimate pathway.
9240 isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate, an isomer of dimethylallyl diphosphate and the key precursor of all isoprenoids.
9242 colanic acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of colanic acid, a capsular bacterial polysaccharide.
9243 O antigen biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the O side chain of a lipopolysaccharide, which determines the antigenic specificity of the organism. It is made up of about 50 repeating units of a branched tetrasaccharide.
9244 lipopolysaccharide core region biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the core region of bacterial lipopolysaccharides, which contains ten saccharide residues.
9245 lipid A biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipid A, the glycolipid group of bacterial lipopolysaccharides, consisting of six fatty acyl chains linked to two glucosamine residues.
9246 enterobacterial common antigen biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the enterobacterial common antigen, an acidic polysaccharide containing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, N-acetyl-D-mannosaminouronic acid, and 4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-D-galactose. A major component of the cell wall outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.
9247 glycolipid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycolipid, a class of 1,2-di-O-acylglycerols joined at oxygen 3 by a glycosidic linkage to a carbohydrate part (usually a mono-, di- or tri-saccharide).
9248 K antigen biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a K antigen, a capsular polysaccharide antigen carried on the surface of bacterial capsules that masks somatic (O) antigens.
9249 protein lipoylation P The addition of a lipoyl group to an amino acid residue in a protein.
9250 glucan biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues.
9251 glucan catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues.
9252 peptidoglycan biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptidoglycans, any of a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls.
9253 peptidoglycan catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of peptidoglycans, any of a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls.
9254 peptidoglycan turnover P The continual breakdown and regeneration of peptidoglycan required to maintain the cell wall.
9255 Entner-Doudoroff pathway through 6-phosphogluconate P A pathway that converts a carbohydrate to pyruvate and glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate by producing 6-phosphogluconate and then dehydrating it.
9256 10-formyltetrahydrofolate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, the formylated derivative of tetrahydrofolate.
9257 10-formyltetrahydrofolate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, the formylated derivative of tetrahydrofolate.
9258 10-formyltetrahydrofolate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, the formylated derivative of tetrahydrofolate.
9259 ribonucleotide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
9260 ribonucleotide biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
9261 ribonucleotide catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
9262 deoxyribonucleotide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
9263 deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
9264 deoxyribonucleotide catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
9265 2'-deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a 2'-deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of 2'-deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a 2'-deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
9266 response to temperature stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a temperature stimulus.
9267 cellular response to starvation P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of nourishment.
9268 response to pH P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
9269 response to desiccation P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a desiccation stimulus, extreme dryness resulting from the prolonged deprivation of water.
9270 response to humidity P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a humidity stimulus, moisture in the atmosphere.
9271 phage shock P A response by bacterial cells to a variety of stresses including filamentous phage infection, mislocalization of envelope proteins, extremes of temperature, osmolarity or ethanol concentration, and the presence of proton ionophores such as carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), that involves expression of the phage shock protein operon, and acts to protect the bacterial cells from damage.
9272 fungal-type cell wall biogenesis P A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a fungal-type cell wall. The fungal-type cell wall contains beta-glucan and may contain chitin.
9273 peptidoglycan-based cell wall biogenesis P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the peptidoglycan-based cell wall. An example of this process is found in Escherichia coli.
9274 peptidoglycan-based cell wall C A protective structure outside the cytoplasmic membrane composed of peptidoglycan (also known as murein), a molecule made up of a glycan (sugar) backbone of repetitively alternating N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid with short, attached, cross-linked peptide chains containing unusual amino acids. An example of this component is found in Escherichia coli.
9275 Gram-positive-bacterium-type cell wall C A layer of peptidoglycan found outside of the cytoplasmic membrane. The peptidoglycan is relatively thick (20-80nm) and retains the primary stain of the Gram procedure, thus cells appear blue after Gram stain. The cell walls often contain teichoic acids (acidic anionic polysaccharides) bound to the peptidoglycan. Examples of this component are found in Gram-positive bacteria.
9276 Gram-negative-bacterium-type cell wall C The peptidoglycan layer of the Gram-negative cell envelope. In Gram-negative cells the peptidoglycan is relatively thin (1-2nm) and is linked to the outer membrane by lipoproteins. In Gram-negative cells the peptidoglycan is too thin to retain the primary stain in the Gram staining procedure and therefore cells appear red after Gram stain.
9277 fungal-type cell wall C A rigid yet dynamic structure surrounding the plasma membrane that affords protection from stresses and contributes to cell morphogenesis, consisting of extensively cross-linked glycoproteins and carbohydrates. The glycoproteins may be modified with N- or O-linked carbohydrates, or glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors; the polysaccharides are primarily branched glucans, including beta-linked and alpha-linked glucans, and may also include chitin and other carbohydrate polymers, but not cellulose or pectin. Enzymes involved in cell wall biosynthesis are also found in the cell wall. Note that some forms of fungi develop a capsule outside of the cell wall under certain circumstances; this is considered a separate structure.
9279 cell outer membrane C A lipid bilayer that forms the outermost membrane of the cell envelope; enriched in polysaccharide and protein; the outer leaflet of the membrane contains specific lipopolysaccharide structures.
9288 bacterial-type flagellum C A motor complex composed of an extracellular helical protein filament coupled to a rotary motor embedded in the cell envelope.
9289 pilus C A proteinaceous hair-like appendage on the surface of bacteria ranging from 2-8 nm in diameter.
9290 DNA import into cell involved in transformation P The directed movement of DNA into a cell that contributes to the process of transformation, the uptake of foreign genetic material into a cell.
9291 unidirectional conjugation P The process of unidirectional (polarized) transfer of genetic information involving direct cellular contact between a donor and recipient cell; the contact is followed by the formation of a cellular bridge that physically connects the cells; some or all of the chromosome(s) of one cell ('male') is then transferred into the other cell ('female'); unidirectional conjugation occurs between cells of different mating types. Examples of this process are found in Prokaryotes.
9292 genetic transfer P In the absence of a sexual life cycle, the process involved in the introduction of genetic information to create a genetically different individual.
9293 transduction P The transfer of genetic information to a bacterium from a bacteriophage or between bacterial or yeast cells mediated by a phage vector.
9294 DNA mediated transformation P The introduction and uptake of foreign genetic material (DNA or RNA) into a cell, and often the expression of that genetic material.
9295 nucleoid C The region of a virus, bacterial cell, mitochondrion or chloroplast to which the nucleic acid is confined.
9297 pilus assembly P The assembly of a pilus, a short filamentous structure on a bacterial cell, flagella-like in structure and generally present in many copies. Pili are variously involved in transfer of nucleic acids, adherence to surfaces, and formation of pellicles. Is required for bacterial conjugation, or can play a role in adherence to surfaces (when it is called a fimbrium), and in the formation of pellicles.
9298 GDP-mannose biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-mannose, a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.
9299 mRNA transcription P The cellular synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA) from a DNA template.
9300 antisense RNA transcription P The synthesis of antisense RNA, an RNA molecule complementary in sequence to another RNA or DNA molecule, which, by binding the latter, acts to inhibit its function and/or completion of synthesis, on a template of DNA.
9301 snRNA transcription P The synthesis of small nuclear RNA (snRNA) from a DNA template.
9302 snoRNA transcription P The synthesis of small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) from a DNA template.
9303 rRNA transcription P The synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), any RNA that forms part of the ribosomal structure, from a DNA template.
9304 tRNA transcription P The synthesis of transfer RNA (tRNA) from a DNA template.
9305 protein biotinylation P The addition of biotin (vitamin B7 / vitamin H) to a protein amino acid.
9306 protein secretion P The controlled release of proteins from a cell.
9307 DNA restriction-modification system P A defense process found in many bacteria and archaea that protects the organism from invading foreign DNA by cleaving it with a restriction endonuclease. The organism's own DNA is protected by methylation of a specific nucleotide, which occurs immediately following replication, in the same target site as the restriction enzyme.
9308 amine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom.
9309 amine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom.
9310 amine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom.
9311 oligosaccharide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving oligosaccharides, molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages.
9312 oligosaccharide biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of oligosaccharides, molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages.
9313 oligosaccharide catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of oligosaccharides, molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages.
9314 response to radiation P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation.
9316 3-isopropylmalate dehydratase complex C A heterodimeric enzyme complex composed of subunits leuC and leuD. Catalyzes the isomerization between 2-isopropylmalate and 3-isopropylmalate, via the formation of 2-isopropylmaleate.
9317 acetyl-CoA carboxylase complex C A protein complex that catalyzes the first step in long-chain fatty acid biosynthesis. For example, in E. coli the complex is heterohexameric and composed of biotin carbonyl carrier protein, biotin carboxylase and the acetate CoA-transferase complex.
9318 exodeoxyribonuclease VII complex C An enzyme complex that catalyzes exonucleolytic cleavage in either 5' to 3' or 3' to 5' direction to yield nucleoside 5'-phosphates; it prefers single-stranded DNA.
9319 cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase complex C A protein complex that possesses cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase activity; consists of four polypeptide subunits and associated prosthetic groups.
9320 phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase complex C A protein complex that possesses phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase activity.
9321 alkyl hydroperoxide reductase complex C An enzyme complex, usually a homodimer, which directly reduces cellular levels of organic hydroperoxides.
9322 trimethylamine-N-oxide reductase complex C An enzyme complex that catalyzes the reduction of trimethylamine N-oxide to trimethylamine.
9323 ribosomal-protein-alanine N-acetyltransferase complex C An enzyme complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to ribosomal-protein alanine, forming ribosomal-protein acetylalanine.
9324 D-amino-acid dehydrogenase complex C A protein complex that possesses D-amino-acid dehydrogenase activity.
9325 nitrate reductase complex C An enzyme complex that catalyzes the formation of nitrate from nitrite with the concomitant reduction of an acceptor.
9326 formate dehydrogenase complex C An enzyme complex that catalyzes the dehydrogenation of formate to produce carbon dioxide (CO2).
9327 NAD(P)+ transhydrogenase complex (AB-specific) C A protein complex that possesses NAD(P)+ transhydrogenase (AB-specific) activity. Homodimeric, trimeric, and heterotetrameric complexes have been identified.
9328 phenylalanine-tRNA ligase complex C An enzyme complex that catalyzes the ligation of phenylalanine to tRNA(Phe), forming L-phenylalanyl-tRNA(Phe).
9329 acetate CoA-transferase complex C A heterotetrameric enzyme complex made up of two alpha subunits and two beta subunits. Part of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase complex. Catalyzes the transfer of a carboxyl group to form malonyl-CoA.
9330 DNA topoisomerase complex (ATP-hydrolyzing) C Complex that possesses DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity.
9331 glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase complex C An enzyme complex that catalyzes the dehydrogenation of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate to form glycerone phosphate.
9332 glutamate-tRNA ligase complex C An enzyme complex that catalyzes the ligation of glutamate and tRNA(Glu) to form glutamyl-tRNA(Glu).
9333 cysteine synthase complex C Cysteine synthase is a multienzyme complex made up, in E. coli, of the heteromeric hexamer serine acetyltransferase and the homodimer O-acetylserine (thiol)-lyase A.
9334 3-phenylpropionate dioxygenase complex C Enzyme complex consisting of four proteins: the two subunits of the hydroxylase component (hcaE and hcaF), a ferredoxin (hcaC) and a ferredoxin reductase (hcaD). Converts 3-phenylpropionic acid (PP) into cis-3-(3-carboxyethyl)-3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol (PP-dihydrodiol).
9336 sulfate adenylyltransferase complex (ATP) C An enzyme complex that catalyzes the formation adenylylsulfate from sulfate and ATP.
9337 sulfite reductase complex (NADPH) C A multisubunit iron flavoprotein, which in yeast is composed of 2 alpha and 2 beta subunits. Catalyzes the reduction of sulfite to sulfide.
9338 exodeoxyribonuclease V complex C An enzyme complex that catalyzes exonucleolytic cleavage (in the presence of ATP) in either 5' to 3' or 3' to 5' direction to yield 5'-phosphooligonucleotides. Exodeoxyribonuclease V shows a preference for double-stranded DNA and possesses DNA-dependent ATPase activity. It acts endonucleolytically on single-stranded circular DNA.
9339 glycolate oxidase complex C An enzyme complex that catalyzes the oxidation of 2-hydroxy acid to form 2-oxo acid and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The enzyme is a flavoprotein (FMN).
9340 DNA topoisomerase IV complex C A heterodimeric enzyme, which in most bacterial species is composed of two subunits, ParC and ParE. Functions in chromosome segregation and can relax supercoiled DNA.
9341 beta-galactosidase complex C A protein complex that possesses beta-galactosidase activity, i.e. catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing beta-D-galactose residues in beta-D-galactosides. In E. coli, the complex is a homotetramer; dimeric and hexameric beta-galactosidase complexes have been observed in other species.
9342 glutamate synthase complex (NADPH) C A complex that possesses glutamate synthase (NADPH) activity.
9343 biotin carboxylase complex C An enzyme complex that catalyzes the formation of carboxybiotin-carboxyl-carrier protein from biotin-carboxyl-carrier protein and carbon dioxide (CO2).
9344 nitrite reductase complex [NAD(P)H] C Complex that possesses nitrite reductase [NAD(P)H] activity.
9345 glycine-tRNA ligase complex C A multimeric enzyme complex which, in bacteria, is usually a tetramer of two alpha and two beta chains and in eukaryotes, is usually a homodimer. Functions in the ligation of glycine and tRNA(Gly) to form glycyl-tRNA(Gly).
9346 citrate lyase complex C Citrate lyase is a multienzyme complex with three constituents: the alpha subunit, citrate-ACP transferase; the beta subunit, citryl-ACP lyase; and the gamma subunit, an acyl-carrier protein which also carries the prosthetic group components. All three subunits are required for citrate lyase enzyme activity.
9347 aspartate carbamoyltransferase complex C A multienzyme complex that catalyzes the formation N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate from carbamoyl phosphate and L-aspartate. It exhibits a variety of architectural organizations, but in all microorganisms the core catalytic component is a homotrimer of approximately 34 kDa polypeptides.
9348 ornithine carbamoyltransferase complex C A homotrimeric protein complex that catalyzes the transfer of a carbamoyl group to ornithine, forming citrulline.
9349 riboflavin synthase complex C An flavoprotein that catalyzes the reaction the breakdown of dimethyl(ribityl)lumazine to form riboflavin and ribitylamino-amino-dihydroxypyrimidine.
9350 ethanolamine ammonia-lyase complex C An enzyme complex that catalyzes the breakdown of ethanolamine to form acetaldehyde and ammonia.
9353 mitochondrial oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex C A complex of multiple copies of three enzymatic components: oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (lipoamide); EC:1.2.4.2 (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase; EC:2.3.1.61 (E2) and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase; EC:1.8.1.4 (E3); catalyzes the overall conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and carbon dioxide (CO2) within the mitochondrial matrix. An example of this complex is found in Mus musculus.
9355 DNA polymerase V complex C A DNA polymerase complex that contains two UmuD' and one UmuC subunits, and acts in translesion DNA synthesis.
9356 aminodeoxychorismate synthase complex C A heterodimeric protein complex that possesses 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate synthase activity.
9357 protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-sugar phosphotransferase complex C An enzyme complex that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate from protein N(PI)-phosphohistidine to a sugar molecule. It is enzyme II of the phosphotransferase system.
9358 polyphosphate kinase complex C A protein complex that possesses polyphosphate kinase activity.
9359 Type II site-specific deoxyribonuclease complex C A protein complex that functions as an endonuclease to cleave DNA at or near a specific recognition site, when that site is unmethylated. These complexes may be dimers or tetramers; it is also possible for the endonuclease to be in a complex with the corresponding methyltransferase that methylates the recognition site. DNA restriction systems such as this are used by bacteria to defend against phage and other foreign DNA that may enter a cell.
9360 DNA polymerase III complex C The DNA polymerase III holoenzyme is a complex that contains 10 different types of subunits. These subunits are organized into 3 functionally essential sub-assemblies: the pol III core, the beta sliding clamp processivity factor and the clamp-loading complex. The pol III core carries out the polymerase and the 3'-5' exonuclease proofreading activities. The polymerase is tethered to the template via the sliding clamp processivity factor. The clamp-loading complex assembles the beta processivity factor onto the primer template and plays a central role in the organization and communication at the replication fork.
9361 succinate-CoA ligase complex (ADP-forming) C A heterodimeric enzyme complex, composed of an alpha and beta chain, most usually found in (but not limited to) bacteria. Functions in the TCA cycle, hydrolyzing succinyl-CoA into succinate and CoA, thereby forming ATP.
9365 protein histidine kinase complex C A complex that possesses protein histidine kinase activity.
9366 enterobactin synthetase complex C A multienzyme complex usually composed of four proteins, EntB, EntD, EntE and EntF. Plays a role in the enterobactin biosynthesis pathway.
9368 endopeptidase Clp complex C A protein complex comprised of members of the ClpX, ClpC, ClpD, ClpP or ClpR protein families. ClpPs are the proteolytic subunit of active complexes, and ClpA and ClpX form the regulatory subunits. Enzymatically active and inactive complexes can form.
9371 positive regulation of transcription by pheromones P Any process involving pheromones that activates or increases the rate of transcription.
9372 quorum sensing P The process in which single-celled organisms monitor their population density by detecting the concentration of small, diffusible signal molecules produced by the cells themselves.
9373 regulation of transcription by pheromones P Any process involving pheromones that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription.
9374 biotin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with biotin (cis-tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid), the (+) enantiomer of which is very widely distributed in cells and serves as a carrier in a number of enzymatic beta-carboxylation reactions.
9375 ferredoxin hydrogenase complex C An enzyme complex that catalyzes the oxidation of reduced ferredoxin. Hydrogenase contains iron-sulfur clusters, and some contain nickel; it can use molecular hydrogen for the reduction of a variety of substances.
9376 HslUV protease complex C A protein complex that possesses ATP-dependent protease activity; consists of an ATPase large subunit with homology to other ClpX family ATPases and a peptidase small subunit related to the proteasomal beta-subunits of eukaryotes. In the E. coli complex, a double ring-shaped homohexamer of HslV is capped on each side by a ring-shaped HslU homohexamer.
9378 four-way junction helicase activity F Catalysis of the unwinding of the DNA helix of DNA containing four-way junctions, including Holliday junctions.
9379 Holliday junction helicase complex C A DNA helicase complex that forms part of a Holliday junction resolvase complex, where the helicase activity is involved in the migration of the junction branch point. The best-characterized example is the E. coli RuvAB complex, in which a hexamer of RuvB subunits possesses helicase activity that is modulated by association with RuvA.
9380 excinuclease repair complex C Any of the protein complexes formed by the UvrABC excinuclease system, which carries out nucleotide excision repair. Three different complexes are formed by the 3 proteins as they proceed through the excision repair process. First a complex consisting of two A subunits and two B subunits bind DNA and unwind it around the damaged site. Then, the A subunits disassociate leaving behind a stable complex between B subunits and DNA. Now, subunit C binds to this B+DNA complex and causes subunit B to nick the DNA on one side of the complex while subunit C nicks the DNA on the other side of the complex. DNA polymerase I and DNA ligase can then repair the resulting gap.
9381 excinuclease ABC activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid at sites flanking regions of damaged DNA to which the Uvr ABC excinuclease complexes bind.
9382 imidazoleglycerol-phosphate synthase complex C Complex that possesses imidazoleglycerol-phosphate synthase activity.
9383 rRNA (cytosine-C5-)-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to cytosine to form 5-methylcytosine in small subunit ribosomal RNA.
9384 N-acylmannosamine kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine = ADP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate.
9385 N-acylmannosamine-6-phosphate 2-epimerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-6-phosphate = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-phosphate.
9386 translational attenuation P Translational attenuation is a regulatory mechanism analogous to ribosome-mediated transcriptional attenuation. The system requires the presence of a short ORF, called a leader peptide, encoded in the mRNA upstream of the ribosome-binding site and start codon of the gene whose translation is to be regulated. Certain conditions, such as presence of the antibiotic tetracycline in bacteria or amino acid starvation, may cause slowing or stalling of the ribosome translating the leader peptide. The stalled ribosome masks a region of the mRNA and affects which of two alternative mRNA folded structures will form, therefore controlling whether or not a ribosome will bind and initiate translation of the downstream gene. Translational attenuation is analogous to ribosome-mediated transcriptional attenuation, in which mRNA remodeling caused by ribosome stalling regulates transcriptional termination rather than translational initiation.
9389 dimethyl sulfoxide reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dimethyl sulfoxide + H+ = dimethyl sulfide + H2O.
9390 dimethyl sulfoxide reductase complex C An enzyme complex that catalyzes the formation of dimethyl sulfide from dimethyl sulfoxide.
9392 N-acetyl-anhydromuramoyl-L-alanine amidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala + H2O glcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc + L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala.
9394 2'-deoxyribonucleotide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a 2'-deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of 2'-deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a 2'-deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
9395 phospholipid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phospholipids, any lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.
9396 folic acid-containing compound biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of folic acid and its derivatives.
9397 folic acid-containing compound catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of folic acid and its derivatives.
9398 FMN biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of FMN, the oxidized form of flavin mononucleotide (riboflavin 5'-(dihydrogen phosphate)), which acts as a coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH dehydrogenase.
9399 nitrogen fixation P The process in which nitrogen is taken from its relatively inert molecular form (N2) in the atmosphere and converted into nitrogen compounds useful for other chemical processes, such as ammonia, nitrate and nitrogen dioxide.
9400 signal transducer, downstream of receptor, with serine/threonine phosphatase activity F Conveys a signal from an upstream receptor or intracellular signal transducer by catalysis of the reaction: protein serine phosphate + H2O = protein serine + phosphate, and protein threonine phosphate + H2O = protein threonine + phosphate.
9401 phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system P The uptake and phosphorylation of specific carbohydrates from the extracellular environment; uptake and phosphorylation are coupled, making the PTS a link between the uptake and metabolism of sugars; phosphoenolpyruvate is the original phosphate donor; phosphoenolpyruvate passes the phosphate via a signal transduction pathway, to enzyme 1 (E1), which in turn passes it on to the histidine protein, HPr; the next step in the system involves sugar-specific membrane-bound complex, enzyme 2 (EII), which transports the sugar into the cell; it includes the sugar permease, which catalyzes the transport reactions; EII is usually divided into three different domains, EIIA, EIIB, and EIIC.
9403 toxin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of toxin, a poisonous compound (typically a protein) that is produced by cells or organisms and that can cause disease when introduced into the body or tissues of an organism.
9404 toxin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a toxin, a poisonous compound (typically a protein) that is produced by cells or organisms and that can cause disease when introduced into the body or tissues of an organism.
9405 pathogenesis P The set of specific processes that generate the ability of an organism to induce an abnormal, generally detrimental state in another organism.
9407 toxin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of toxin, a poisonous compound (typically a protein) that is produced by cells or organisms and that can cause disease when introduced into the body or tissues of an organism.
9408 response to heat P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism.
9409 response to cold P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cold stimulus, a temperature stimulus below the optimal temperature for that organism.
9410 response to xenobiotic stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a xenobiotic compound stimulus. Xenobiotic compounds are compounds foreign to living organisms.
9411 response to UV P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ultraviolet radiation (UV light) stimulus. Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers.
9413 response to flooding P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating flooding, short-term immersion in water.
9414 response to water deprivation P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a water deprivation stimulus, prolonged deprivation of water.
9415 response to water P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of water.
9416 response to light stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light stimulus, electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths classified as infrared, visible or ultraviolet light.
9418 pilus shaft C The long, slender, mid section of a pilus.
9419 pilus tip C The pointed extremity furthest from the cell of a pilus.
9420 bacterial-type flagellum filament C The long (approximately 20 nm), thin external structure of the flagellum, which acts as a propeller. Examples of this component are found in bacteria.
9421 bacterial-type flagellum filament cap C The proteinaceous structure at the distal tip of the flagellar filament. Examples of this component are found in bacteria.
9422 bacterial-type flagellum hook-filament junction C The region of the flagellum where the hook and filament meet. Examples of this component are found in bacteria.
9423 chorismate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the unsymmetrical ether derived from phosphoenolpyruvate and 5-phosphoshikimic acid formed as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids and many other compounds.
9424 bacterial-type flagellum hook C The portion of the flagellum that connects the filament to the basal body. Examples of this component are found in bacteria.
9425 bacterial-type flagellum basal body C One of the three major substructures of the flagellin-based flagellum; a structure consisting of a rod, a series of rings, the Mot proteins, the switch complex and the flagellum-specific export apparatus. The rings anchor the flagellum to the cytoplasmic membrane (MS ring), the peptidoglycan (P ring) and the outer membrane (L ring). Examples of this component are found in bacteria.
9426 bacterial-type flagellum basal body, distal rod C The portion of the central rod of the flagellar basal body that is distal to the cell membrane; spans most of the distance between the inner and outer membranes. Examples of this component are found in bacteria.
9427 bacterial-type flagellum basal body, distal rod, L ring C One of the rings of the flagellar basal body; anchors the basal body to the outer membrane. Examples of this component are found in bacteria.
9428 bacterial-type flagellum basal body, distal rod, P ring C One of the rings of the flagellar basal body; anchors the basal body to the peptidoglycan layer. Examples of this component are found in bacteria.
9429 bacterial-type flagellum basal body, proximal rod C The portion of the central rod of the flagellar basal body that is proximal to the cell membrane; proximal rod connects the distal rod to the flagellar motor. Examples of this component are found in bacteria.
9431 bacterial-type flagellum basal body, MS ring C One of the rings of the flagellar basal body; a double-flanged ring that anchors the basal body to the cytoplasmic membrane. Examples of this component are found in bacteria.
9432 SOS response P An error-prone process for repairing damaged microbial DNA.
9433 bacterial-type flagellum basal body, C ring C Cytoplasmic ring located at the base of the flagellar basal body; acts as a rotor; includes three switch proteins, which generate torque and can change their conformational state in a bimodal fashion, so that the motor direction can switch between clockwise and counterclockwise. Examples of this component are found in bacteria.
9435 NAD biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid; biosynthesis may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.
9436 glyoxylate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glyoxylate, the anion of glyoxylic acid, HOC-COOH.
9437 carnitine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving carnitine (hydroxy-trimethyl aminobutyric acid), a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
9438 methylglyoxal metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving methylglyoxal, CH3-CO-CHO, the aldehyde of pyruvic acid.
9439 cyanate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanate, NCO-, the anion of cyanic acid.
9440 cyanate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyanate, NCO-, the anion of cyanic acid.
9441 glycolate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycolate, the anion of hydroxyethanoic acid (glycolic acid).
9442 allantoin assimilation pathway P The pathways by which allantoin is processed and converted to ureidoglycolate, and then into metabolically useful substrates. E. coli are able to utilize allantoin as a sole nitrogen source under anaerobic conditions by converting it to ureidoglycolate; this may be further metabolized to produce glyoxylate and thence 3-phosphoglycerate, or alternatively oxidized to oxolureate, which can converted into oxamate and carbamoylphosphate. This may then be further metabolized to CO2, NH4+ and ATP.
9443 pyridoxal 5'-phosphate salvage P Any process that generates pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, the active form of vitamin B6, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
9444 pyruvate oxidation P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of pyruvate to acetylphosphate.
9445 putrescine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane; putrescine can be formed by decarboxylation of ornithine and is the metabolic precursor of spermidine and spermine.
9446 putrescine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane; putrescine can be synthesized from arginine or ornithine and is the metabolic precursor of spermidine and spermine.
9447 putrescine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane; putrescine is the metabolic precursor of spermidine and spermine.
9448 gamma-aminobutyric acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms.
9449 gamma-aminobutyric acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms.
9450 gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms.
9451 RNA modification P The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within an RNA molecule to produce an RNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.
9452 7-methylguanosine RNA capping P The sequence of enzymatic reactions by which the 5' cap structure, an inverted 7-methylguanosine linked via a 5'-5' triphosphate bridge (m7G(5')ppp(5')X) to the first transcribed residue, is added to a nascent transcript.
9453 energy taxis P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to physical parameters involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates.
9454 aerotaxis P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to environmental oxygen.
9455 redox taxis P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to redox potential.
9486 cytochrome bo3 ubiquinol oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 ubiquinol + O2 + 4 H+ = 2 ubiquinone + 2 H2O + 4 H+ [periplasmic space].
9496 plastoquinol--plastocyanin reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H(+)[side 1] + 2 oxidized plastocyanin + plastoquinol-1 = 2 H(+)[side 2] + 2 reduced plastocyanin + plastoquinone. This reaction involves the concomitant transfer of 2 H+ ions across a membrane.
9501 amyloplast C A plastid whose main function is to synthesize and store starch.
9503 thylakoid light-harvesting complex C A thylakoid membrane complex of chlorophylls a and b together with chlorophyll a-b binding proteins. In addition, LHCs contain a number of other proteins, the function of which is speculative, together with accessory pigments. The LHCs capture and transfer energy to photosystems I and II. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
9504 cell plate C The nascent cell membrane and cell wall structure that forms between two daughter nuclei near the center of a dividing plant cell. It develops at the equitorial region of the phragmoplast. It grows outwards to join with the lateral walls and form two daughter cells.
9505 plant-type cell wall C A more or less rigid stucture lying outside the cell membrane of a cell and composed of cellulose and pectin and other organic and inorganic substances.
9506 plasmodesma C A fine cytoplasmic channel, found in all higher plants, that connects the cytoplasm of one cell to that of an adjacent cell.
9507 chloroplast C A chlorophyll-containing plastid with thylakoids organized into grana and frets, or stroma thylakoids, and embedded in a stroma.
9508 plastid chromosome C A circular DNA molecule containing plastid encoded genes.
9509 chromoplast C A plastid containing pigments other than chlorophyll, usually yellow and orange carotenoid pigments.
9510 plasmodesmatal desmotubule C A tightly wound cylinder of membrane that is located within the plasmodesmal pore and runs the length of the plasmodesma. The desmotubule likely provides a rigid stability to plasmodesmata and confers a fixed diameter and pore size to the plasmodesmal canal, and is linked to the endoplasmic reticulum in each of the adjacent cell.
9511 plasmodesmatal endoplasmic reticulum C Endoplasmic reticulum found in plasmodesmata, junctions connecting the cytoplasm of adjacent plant cells.
9512 cytochrome b6f complex C Complex that transfers electrons from reduced plastoquinone to oxidized plastocyanin and translocates protons from the stroma to the lumen. The complex contains a core structure of three catalytic subunits: cytochrome b, the Rieske iron sulfur protein (ISP), and cytochrome f, which are arranged in an integral membrane-bound dimeric complex; additional subunits are present, and vary among different species.
9513 etioplast C A plastid arrested in the development of chloroplasts from proplastids due to absence of light or low light conditions.
9514 glyoxysome C A specialized form of peroxisome that contains the enzymes of the glyoxylate pathway. The glyoxysome is found in some plant cells, notably the cells of germinating seeds.
9515 granal stacked thylakoid C Appressed thylakoid membranes that are part of a granum (stacked regions). A characteristic of these appressed regions is the preferential localization of photosystem II.
9516 leucoplast C A colorless plastid involved in the synthesis of monoterpenes.
9517 PSII associated light-harvesting complex II C Protein-pigment complex associated with photosystem II.
9518 PSI associated light-harvesting complex I C Protein-pigment complex associated with photosystem I.
9519 middle lamella C Layer of intercellular material, chiefly pectic substances, cementing together the primary walls of contiguous cells.
9521 photosystem C A complex located in a photosynthetic membrane that consists of a photoreaction center associated with accessory pigments and electron carriers. Examples of this component are found in Arabidopsis thaliana and in photosynthetic bacterial and archaeal species.
9522 photosystem I C A photosystem that contains an iron-sulfur reaction center associated with accessory pigments and electron carriers. In cyanobacteria and chloroplasts, photosystem I functions as a light-dependent plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, transferring electrons from plastocyanin to ferredoxin; in photosynthetic bacteria that have only a single type I photosystem, such as the green sulfur bacteria, electrons can go either to ferredoxin (Fd) -> NAD+ or to menaquinone (MK) -> Cytb/FeS -> Cytc555 -> photosystem I (cyclic photophosphorylation).
9523 photosystem II C A photosystem that contains a pheophytin-quinone reaction center with associated accessory pigments and electron carriers. In cyanobacteria and chloroplasts, in the presence of light, PSII functions as a water-plastoquinone oxidoreductase, transferring electrons from water to plastoquinone, whereas other photosynthetic bacteria carry out anoxygenic photosynthesis and oxidize other compounds to re-reduce the photoreaction center.
9524 phragmoplast C Fibrous structure (light microscope view) that arises between the daughter nuclei at telophase and within which the initial partition (cell plate), dividing the mother cell in two (cytokinesis), is formed. Appears at first as a spindle connected to the two nuclei, but later spreads laterally in the form of a ring. Consists of microtubules.
9525 phragmosome C A flattened membranous vesicle containing cell wall components.
9526 plastid envelope C The double lipid bilayer enclosing a plastid and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.
9527 plastid outer membrane C The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the plastid envelope.
9528 plastid inner membrane C The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the plastid envelope; also faces the plastid stroma.
9529 plastid intermembrane space C The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of the plastid envelope.
9530 primary cell wall C A plant cell wall that is still able to expand, permitting cell growth. Primary cell walls contain more pectin than secondary walls and no lignin is present.
9531 secondary cell wall C A plant cell wall that is no longer able to expand and so does not permit growth. Secondary cell walls contain less pectin that primary cell walls. The secondary cell is mostly composed of cellulose and is strengthened with lignin.
9532 plastid stroma C The proteinaceous ground substance of plastids.
9533 chloroplast stromal thylakoid C Unstacked thylakoids that connect the grana stacks through the stroma.
9534 chloroplast thylakoid C Sac-like membranous structures (cisternae) in a chloroplast combined into stacks (grana) and present singly in the stroma (stroma thylakoids or frets) as interconnections between grana. An example of this component is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
9535 chloroplast thylakoid membrane C The pigmented membrane of a chloroplast thylakoid. An example of this component is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
9536 plastid C Any member of a family of organelles found in the cytoplasm of plants and some protists, which are membrane-bounded and contain DNA. Plant plastids develop from a common type, the proplastid.
9537 proplastid C The precursor of other plastids.
9538 photosystem I reaction center C A photochemical system containing P700, the chlorophyll a dimer that functions as a primary electron donor. Functioning as a light-dependent plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, it transfers electrons from plastocyanin to ferredoxin.
9539 photosystem II reaction center C An integral membrane complex containing P680, the chlorophyll a molecule that functions as a primary electron donor. In the light, functioning as a water-plastoquinone oxidoreductase, it transfers electrons from water to plastoquinone.
9540 zeaxanthin epoxidase [overall] activity F Catalysis of the reactions: zeaxanthin + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = antheraxanthin + NAD(P)+ + H2O; and antheraxanthin + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = violaxanthin + NAD(P)+ + H2O.
9541 etioplast prolamellar body C A three dimensional regular lattice found in etioplasts. It is composed of a continuous system of tubules but when exposed to light the symmetrical arrangement is rapidly lost as tubules become pinched off into two dimensional sections of lattice. These for perforated sheets of membrane that move apart, extend and increase, finally establishing the typical granal and intergranal lamellae of the mature chloroplast.
9542 granum C Distinct stack of lamellae seen within chloroplasts. Grana contain the pigments, electron transfer compounds, and enzymes essential to the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
9543 chloroplast thylakoid lumen C The cavity enclosed within the chloroplast thylakoid membrane. An example of this component is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
9544 chloroplast ATP synthase complex C The protein complex that catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP in chloroplasts.
9545 elaioplast C A leucoplast in which oil is stored.
9546 plasmodesmatal cytoplasmic sleeve C The space between the plasma membrane and the desmotubule of a plasmodesma.
9547 plastid ribosome C A ribosome contained within a plastid.
9548 plasmodesmatal plasma membrane C The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a plasmodesma.
9549 cellulose microfibril C A microfibril composed of cellulose arranged in orthogonal layers. Cellulose is a straight chain polysaccharide composed of B(14) linked glucose subunits. It is a major component of plant cell walls. Higher plant microfibrils are about 10nm in diameter and extremely long in relation to their width. The cellulose molecules are oriented parallel to the long axis of the microfibril in a paracrystalline array, which provides great tensile strength. The microfibrils are held in place by the wall matrix and their orientation is closely controlled by the cell.
9550 primary plasmodesma C A plasmodesma that consists of a simple, single channel; found predominantly in young tissue and formed as a function of cell plate formation during cytokinesis.
9551 secondary plasmodesma C A plasmodesma with a branched structure, often with many channels leading into a larger central cavity; found in older tissues and usually derived from preexisting primary plasmodesmata.
9553 embryo sac development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo sac over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The process begins with the meiosis of the megasporocyte to form four haploid megaspores. Three of the megaspores disintegrate, and the fourth undergoes mitosis giving rise to a binucleate syncytial embryo sac. The two haploid nuclei migrate to the opposite poles of the embryo sac and then undergo two rounds of mitosis generating four haploid nuclei at each pole. One nucleus from each set of four migrates to the center of the cell. Cellularization occurs, resulting in an eight-nucleate seven-celled structure. This structure contains two synergid cells and an egg cell at the micropylar end, and three antipodal cells at the other end. A binucleate endosperm mother cell is formed at the center. The two polar nuclei fuse resulting in a mononucleate diploid endosperm mother cell. The three antipodal cells degenerate.
9554 megasporogenesis P The process in which the megasporocyte undergoes meiosis, giving rise to four haploid megaspores in the nucellus.
9555 pollen development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pollen grain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The process begins with the meiosis of the microsporocyte to form four haploid microspores. The nucleus of each microspore then divides by mitosis to form a two-celled organism, the pollen grain, that contains a tube cell as well as a smaller generative cell. The pollen grain is surrounded by an elaborate cell wall. In some species, the generative cell immediately divides again to give a pair of sperm cells. In most flowering plants, however this division takes place later, in the tube that develops when a pollen grain germinates.
9556 microsporogenesis P The process in which the microsporocyte undergoes meiosis, giving rise to four haploid microspores.
9557 antipodal cell differentiation P The process in which an uncellularized nucleus cellularizes and acquires the specialized features of an antipodal cell.
9558 embryo sac cellularization P The process in which the eight-nucleate single celled female gametophyte develops into the seven-celled female gametophyte. This mature structure contains two synergid cells and an egg cell at the micropylar end, and three antipodal cells at the other end. A binucleate endosperm mother cell is formed at the center. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
9559 embryo sac central cell differentiation P The process in which the two uncellularized polar nuclei cellularize, fuse and acquire the specialized features of a mononucleate diploid central cell.
9560 embryo sac egg cell differentiation P The process in which an uncellularized embryo sac nucleus cellularizes and acquires the specialized features of an egg cell. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
9561 megagametogenesis P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo sac over time, from its formation as the megaspore to the mature structure. The process begins when three of the four haploid megaspores disintegrate, and the fourth undergoes mitosis giving rise to a binucleate syncytial embryo sac. The two haploid nuclei migrate to the opposite poles of the embryo sac and then undergo two rounds of mitosis generating four haploid nuclei at each pole. One nucleus from each set of four migrates to the center of the cell. Cellularization occurs, resulting in an eight-nucleate seven-celled structure. This structure contains two synergid cells and an egg cell at the micropylar end, and three antipodal cells at the other end. A binucleate endosperm mother cell is formed at the center.
9562 embryo sac nuclear migration P The directed movement of an embryo sac nucleus to the pole or center of the cell.
9563 synergid differentiation P The process in which an uncellularized nucleus cellularizes and acquires the specialized features of a synergid cell.
9566 fertilization P The union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy).
9567 double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm P Fertilization where one of the two sperm nuclei from the pollen tube fuses with the egg nucleus to form a 2n zygote, and the other fuses with the two polar nuclei to form the 3n primary endosperm nucleus and then develops into the endosperm. The ploidy level of the 2n zygote and 3n primary endosperm nucleus is determined by the ploidy level of the parents involved. An example of this component is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
9568 amyloplast starch grain C Plant storage body for amylose and amylopectin, 1-100um in diameter, and located in amyloplasts. Also contains small amounts of enzymes, amino acids, lipids and nucleic acids. The shape of the grain varies widely amongst species, but is often spherical or disk-shaped.
9569 chloroplast starch grain C Plant storage body for amylose and amylopectin, 1-100um in diameter, and located in chloroplasts. Also contains small amounts of enzymes, amino acids, lipids and nucleic acids. The shape of the grain varies widely amongst species, but is often spherical or disk-shaped.
9570 chloroplast stroma C The space enclosed by the double membrane of a chloroplast but excluding the thylakoid space. It contains DNA, ribosomes and some temporary products of photosynthesis.
9571 proplastid stroma C The space enclosed by the double membrane of a proplastid.
9573 chloroplast ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase complex C A complex, located in the chloroplast, containing either both large and small subunits or just small subunits which carries out the activity of producing 3-phosphoglycerate from carbon dioxide and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate. An example of this component is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
9574 preprophase band C A dense band of microtubules, 1-3 pm wide, that appears just beneath the cell membrane before the start of cell division in the cells of higher plants. It precedes the onset of prophase and then disappears as mitosis begins, yet it somehow determines the plane of orientation of the new cell plate forming in late telophase and marks the zone of the parental cell wall where fusion with the growing cell plate ultimately occurs.
9575 chromoplast stroma C The space enclosed by the double membrane of a chromoplast but excluding the photosynthetic material.
9576 leucoplast stroma C The space enclosed by the double membrane of a leucoplast.
9577 elaioplast stroma C The space enclosed by the double membrane of an elaioplast.
9578 etioplast stroma C The space enclosed by the double membrane of an etioplast but excluding the prothylakoid space. It contains the etioplast DNA.
9579 thylakoid C A membranous cellular structure that bears the photosynthetic pigments in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. In cyanobacteria thylakoids are of various shapes and are attached to, or continuous with, the plasma membrane. In eukaryotes they are flattened, membrane-bounded disk-like structures located in the chloroplasts; in the chloroplasts of higher plants the thylakoids form dense stacks called grana. Isolated thylakoid preparations can carry out photosynthetic electron transport and the associated phosphorylation.
9581 detection of external stimulus P The series of events in which an external stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
9582 detection of abiotic stimulus P The series of events in which an (non-living) abiotic stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
9583 detection of light stimulus P The series of events in which a light stimulus (in the form of photons) is received and converted into a molecular signal.
9584 detection of visible light P The series of events in which a visible light stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. A visible light stimulus is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived visually by an organism; for organisms lacking a visual system, this can be defined as light with a wavelength within the range 380 to 780 nm.
9585 red, far-red light phototransduction P The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons from red or far-red light into a molecular signal; the red, far-red light range is defined as having a wavelength within the range 660-730 nm.
9588 UV-A, blue light phototransduction P The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons from UV-A or blue light into a molecular signal; the UV-A, blue light range is defined as having a wavelength within the range of 315 to 400 nm.
9589 detection of UV P The series of events in which an ultraviolet radiation (UV light) stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers.
9590 detection of gravity P The series of events in which a gravitational stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
9593 detection of chemical stimulus P The series of events in which a chemical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
9594 detection of nutrient P The series of events in which a nutrient stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
9595 detection of biotic stimulus P The series of events in which a biotic stimulus, one caused or produced by a living organism, is received and converted into a molecular signal.
9597 detection of virus P The series of events in which a stimulus from a virus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
9600 detection of nematode P The series of events in which a stimulus from a nematode is received and converted into a molecular signal.
9601 detection of insect P The series of events in which a stimulus from an insect is received and converted into a molecular signal.
9602 detection of symbiont P The series of events in which a stimulus from a symbiont (an organism living in close physical association with an organism of a different species) is received and converted into a molecular signal. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
9603 detection of symbiotic fungus P The series of events in which a stimulus from a symbiotic fungus, a fungus living in close physical association with another organism, is received and converted into a molecular signal.
9604 detection of symbiotic bacterium P The series of events in which a stimulus from a symbiotic bacterium, a bacterium living in close physical association with another organism, is received and converted into a molecular signal.
9605 response to external stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external stimulus.
9606 tropism P The movement of an organism, or part of an organism, in response to an external source of stimulus, usually toward or away from it.
9607 response to biotic stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotic stimulus, a stimulus caused or produced by a living organism.
9608 response to symbiont P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a symbiont, an organism living with an organism of a different species in close physical association. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
9609 response to symbiotic bacterium P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a symbiotic bacterium, a bacterium living in close physical association with another organism.
9610 response to symbiotic fungus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a symbiotic fungus, a fungus living in close physical association with another organism.
9611 response to wounding P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to the organism.
9612 response to mechanical stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus.
9615 response to virus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a virus.
9616 virus induced gene silencing P Specific posttranscriptional gene inactivation ('silencing') both of viral gene(s), and host gene(s) homologous to the viral genes. This silencing is triggered by viral infection, and occurs through a specific decrease in the level of mRNA of both host and viral genes.
9617 response to bacterium P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a bacterium.
9620 response to fungus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a fungus.
9623 response to parasitic fungus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a parasitic fungus, a fungus which spends all or part of its life in or on another organism from which it obtains nourishment and/or protection.
9624 response to nematode P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a nematode.
9625 response to insect P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from an insect.
9626 plant-type hypersensitive response P The rapid, localized death of plant cells in response to invasion by a pathogen.
9627 systemic acquired resistance P The salicylic acid mediated response to a pathogen which confers broad spectrum resistance.
9628 response to abiotic stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abiotic (non-living) stimulus.
9629 response to gravity P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gravitational stimulus.
9630 gravitropism P The orientation of plant parts under the stimulation of gravity.
9631 cold acclimation P Any process that increases freezing tolerance of an organism in response to low, nonfreezing temperatures.
9635 response to herbicide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a herbicide stimulus. Herbicides are chemicals used to kill or control the growth of plants.
9636 response to toxic substance P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxic stimulus.
9637 response to blue light P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a blue light stimulus. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm.
9638 phototropism P The movement of an organism, or part of an organism, in response to a light stimulus, usually toward or away from it.
9639 response to red or far red light P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red or far red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.
9640 photomorphogenesis P The control of plant growth, development, and differentiation by the duration and nature of light, independent of photosynthesis.
9641 shade avoidance P Shade avoidance is a set of responses that plants display when they are subjected to the shade of another plant. It often includes elongation, altered flowering time, increased apical dominance and altered partitioning of resources. Plants are able to distinguish between the shade of an inanimate object (e.g. a rock) and the shade of another plant due to the altered balance between red and far-red light in the shade of a plant; this balance between red and far-red light is perceived by phytochrome.
9642 response to light intensity P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light intensity stimulus.
9643 photosynthetic acclimation P A response to light intensity in which exposure to medium-intensity light results in increased tolerance to high-intensity light.
9644 response to high light intensity P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a high light intensity stimulus.
9645 response to low light intensity stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a low light intensity stimulus. Low light intensity is defined as a level of electromagnetic radiation at or below 0.1 micromols/m2.
9646 response to absence of light P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an absence of light stimuli.
9647 skotomorphogenesis P The control of plant growth, development, and differentiation in response to growth in darkness.
9648 photoperiodism P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a period of light or dark of a given length, measured relative to a particular duration known as the 'critical day length'. The critical day length varies between species.
9649 entrainment of circadian clock P The synchronization of a circadian rhythm to environmental time cues such as light.
9650 UV protection P Any process in which an organism or cell protects itself from ultraviolet radiation (UV), which may also result in resistance to repeated exposure to UV.
9651 response to salt stress P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.
9652 thigmotropism P The movement of an organism, or part of an organism, such as leaves or tendrils, in response to a touch stimulus, usually toward or away from it.
9653 anatomical structure morphogenesis P The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
9654 photosystem II oxygen evolving complex C A complex, composed of a cluster of manganese, calcium and chloride ions bound to extrinsic proteins, that catalyzes the splitting of water to O2 and 4 H+. In cyanobacteria there are five extrinsic proteins in OEC (PsbO, PsbP-like, PsbQ-like, PsbU and PsbV), while in plants there are only three (PsbO, PsbP and PsbQ).
9655 PSII associated light-harvesting complex II, core complex C The pigment-protein complex primarily associated to PSII in higher plants, green algae and cyanobacteria that directly transfers electrons to the reaction center.
9656 PSII associated light-harvesting complex II, peripheral complex C Pigment-protein complex primarily associated to PSII in plants, green algae and cyanobacteria. Involved in state transitions that cause migration to PSI under certain environmental conditions such as high light.
9657 plastid organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a plastid.
9658 chloroplast organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the chloroplast.
9659 leucoplast organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a leucoplast. A leucoplast is a colorless plastid involved in the synthesis of monoterpenes.
9660 amyloplast organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an amyloplast. An amyloplast is a plastid whose main function is to synthesize and store starch.
9661 chromoplast organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the chromoplast. A chromoplast is a plastid containing pigments other than chlorophyll, usually yellow and orange carotenoid pigments.
9662 etioplast organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an etioplast. An etioplast is a plastid arrested in the development of chloroplasts from proplastids due to absence of light or low light conditions.
9663 plasmodesma organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a plasmodesma, a fine cytoplasmic channel, found in all higher plants, that connects the cytoplasm of one cell to that of an adjacent cell.
9664 plant-type cell wall organization P A process that results in the assembly and arrangement of constituent parts of the cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall, or in the disassembly of the cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall. This process is carried out at the cellular level. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
9665 plastid inheritance P The partitioning of plastids between daughter cells at cell division.
9666 plastid outer membrane organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the outer membrane of a plastid.
9667 plastid inner membrane organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the inner membrane of a plastid.
9668 plastid membrane organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of either of the lipid bilayers surrounding a plastid.
9669 sucrose:monovalent cation symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sucrose(out) + monovalent cation(out) = sucrose(in) + monovalent cation(in).
9670 triose-phosphate:phosphate antiporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: triose-phosphate(out) + phosphate(in) = triose-phosphate(in) + phosphate(out).
9671 nitrate:proton symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: nitrate(out) + H+(out) = nitrate(in) + H+(in).
9672 auxin:proton symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: auxin(out) + H+(out) = auxin(in) + H+(in).
9673 low-affinity phosphate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of phosphate from one side of the membrane to the other. In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.
9674 potassium:sodium symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: K+(out) + Na+(out) = K+(in) + Na+(in).
9675 high-affinity sulfate:proton symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sulfate(out) + H+(out) = sulfate(in) + H+(in). In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
9676 low-affinity sulfate:proton symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sulfate(out) + H+(out) = sulfate(in) + H+(in). In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.
9677 double fertilization forming two zygotes P Rudimentary double fertilization where one of the two sperm nuclei from the pollen tube fuses with the egg nucleus to form a 2n zygote, and the other fuses with the ventral canal cell nucleus to form a second zygote, which soon degenerates. An example of this process is found in the Gnetophytes, such as Welwitschia mirabilis.
9678 hydrogen-translocating pyrophosphatase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate, which generates a proton motive force.
9679 hexose:proton symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: hexose(out) + H+(out) = hexose(in) + H+(in).
9682 induced systemic resistance P A response to non-pathogenic bacteria that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease that does not depend upon salicylic acid signaling.
9683 indoleacetic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving indole-3-acetic acid, a compound which functions as a growth regulator in plants.
9684 indoleacetic acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indole-3-acetic acid, a compound which functions as a growth regulator in plants.
9685 gibberellin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving gibberellin. Gibberellins are a class of highly modified terpenes that function as plant growth regulators.
9686 gibberellin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gibberellin. Gibberellins are a class of highly modified terpenes that function as plant growth regulators.
9687 abscisic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving abscisic acid, 5-(1-hydroxy-2,6,6,trimethyl-4-oxocyclohex-2-en-1-y1)-3-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid.
9688 abscisic acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of abscisic acid, 5-(1-hydroxy-2,6,6,trimethyl-4-oxocyclohex-2-en-1-y1)-3-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid.
9689 induction of phytoalexin biosynthetic process P The activation of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytoalexins, low-molecular mass, lipophilic antimicrobial compounds that accumulate rapidly at sites of incompatible pathogen infection.
9690 cytokinin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving cytokinins, a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as growth regulators.
9691 cytokinin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytokinins, a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as growth regulators.
9692 ethylene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethylene (C2-H4, ethene), a simple hydrocarbon gas that can function in plants as a growth regulator.
9693 ethylene biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ethylene (C2-H4, ethene), a simple hydrocarbon gas that can function in plants as a growth regulator.
9694 jasmonic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving jasmonic acid, a fatty acid derivative with the formula (1R-(1 alpha, 2 beta(Z)))-3-oxo-2-(2-pentenyl)cyclopentaneacetic acid.
9695 jasmonic acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of jasmonic acid, a fatty acid derivative.
9696 salicylic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving of salicylic acid (2-hydroxybenzoic acid), a derivative of benzoic acid.
9697 salicylic acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of salicylic acid (2-hydroxybenzoic acid), a derivative of benzoic acid.
9698 phenylpropanoid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving aromatic derivatives of trans-cinnamic acid.
9699 phenylpropanoid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aromatic derivatives of trans-cinnamic acid.
9700 indole phytoalexin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indole phytoalexins, any indole compound produced by plants as part of their defense response.
9701 isoflavonoid phytoalexin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoflavonoid phytoalexins, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives isomeric with flavonoids that possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection.
9702 L-arabinokinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-arabinose + ATP = beta-L-arabinose 1-phosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).
9703 nitrate reductase (NADH) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: nitrite + NAD+ + H2O = nitrate + NADH + H+.
9704 de-etiolation P The greening response of plants grown in the dark (etiolated) as a result of chloroplast biogenesis and the accumulation of chlorophyll.
9705 plant-type vacuole membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a vacuole that retains the same shape regardless of cell cycle phase. The membrane separates its contents from the cytoplasm of the cell. An example of this component is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
9706 chloroplast inner membrane C The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the chloroplast envelope; also faces the chloroplast stroma.
9707 chloroplast outer membrane C The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the chloroplast envelope.
9708 benzyl isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of benzyl isoquinoline alkaloids, compounds with bicyclic N-containing aromatic rings.
9709 terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of terpenoid indole alkaloids, compounds formed from the condensation of tryptamine (derived from tryptophan) and secologanin (derived from geranyl pyrophosphate).
9710 tropane alkaloid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tropane alkaloids, compounds containing the 8-methyl-8-azabicyclo(3.2.1)octane ring system.
9711 purine alkaloid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine alkaloids, compounds derived from purine and composed of an N-containing double ring structure.
9712 catechol-containing compound metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a compound containing a pyrocatechol (1,2-benzenediol) nucleus or substituent.
9713 catechol-containing compound biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of catechol-containing compounds. Catechol is a compound containing a pyrocatechol nucleus or substituent.
9714 chalcone metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving chalcones, phenyl steryl ketone or its hydroxylated derivatives.
9715 chalcone biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chalcone, phenyl steryl ketone or its hydroxylated derivatives.
9716 flavonoid phytoalexin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavonoid phytoalexins, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives containing a flavan skeleton, which possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection.
9717 isoflavonoid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoflavonoids, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives, isomeric with flavonoids.
9718 anthocyanin-containing compound biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of anthocyanins, any member of a group of intensely colored soluble glycosides of anthocyanidins.
9719 response to endogenous stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus arising within the organism.
9720 detection of hormone stimulus P The series of events in which a hormone stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
9721 detection of auxin stimulus P The series of events in which an auxin stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
9722 detection of cytokinin stimulus P The series of events in which a cytokinin stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
9723 response to ethylene P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethylene (ethene) stimulus.
9724 detection of abscisic acid stimulus P The series of events in which an abscisic acid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
9725 response to hormone P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hormone stimulus.
9726 detection of endogenous stimulus P The series of events in which an endogenous stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
9727 detection of ethylene stimulus P The series of events in which an ethylene (ethene) stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
9728 detection of gibberellic acid stimulus P The series of events in which a gibberellic acid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
9729 detection of brassinosteroid stimulus P The series of events in which a brassinosteroid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
9730 detection of carbohydrate stimulus P The series of events in which a carbohydrate stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
9731 detection of sucrose stimulus P The series of events in which a sucrose stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
9732 detection of hexose stimulus P The series of events in which a stimulus from a hexose is received and converted into a molecular signal.
9733 response to auxin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an auxin stimulus.
9734 auxin-activated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals generated by the binding of the plant hormone auxin to a receptor, and ending with modulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
9735 response to cytokinin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytokinin stimulus.
9736 cytokinin-activated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals generated by the binding of a cytokinin to a receptor, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
9737 response to abscisic acid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abscisic acid stimulus.
9738 abscisic acid-activated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals generated by the binding of the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) to a receptor, and ending with modulation of a cellular process, e.g. transcription.
9739 response to gibberellin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gibberellin stimulus.
9740 gibberellic acid mediated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of gibberellic acid.
9741 response to brassinosteroid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a brassinosteroid stimulus.
9742 brassinosteroid mediated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of brassinosteroid.
9743 response to carbohydrate P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbohydrate stimulus.
9744 response to sucrose P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sucrose stimulus.
9745 sucrose mediated signaling P A series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of sucrose.
9746 response to hexose P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hexose stimulus.
9747 hexokinase-dependent signaling P A series of molecular signals mediated by hexose and dependent on the detection of hexokinase.
9748 hexokinase-independent signaling P A series of molecular signals mediated by hexose and independent of hexokinase.
9749 response to glucose P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucose stimulus.
9750 response to fructose P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fructose stimulus.
9751 response to salicylic acid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a salicylic acid stimulus.
9752 detection of salicylic acid stimulus P The series of events in which a salicylic acid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
9753 response to jasmonic acid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a jasmonic acid stimulus.
9754 detection of jasmonic acid stimulus P The series of events in which a jasmonic acid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Series of events required for a jasmonic acid stimulus to be detected and converted to a signal molecule.
9755 hormone-mediated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of a hormone.
9756 carbohydrate mediated signaling P A series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of carbohydrate.
9757 hexose mediated signaling P A series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of hexose.
9758 carbohydrate utilization P A series of processes that forms an integrated mechanism by which a cell or an organism detects the depletion of primary carbohydrate sources,usually glucose, and then activates genes to scavenge the last traces of the primary carbohydrate source and to transport and metabolize alternate carbohydrate sources. The utilization process begins when the cell or organism detects carbohydrate levels, includes the activation of genes whose products detect, transport or metabolize carbohydrates, and ends when the carbohydrate is incorporated into the cell or organism's metabolism.
9759 indole glucosinolate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indole glucosinolates, sulfur-containing compounds that have a common structure linked to an R group derived from tryptophan.
9760 C4 photosynthesis P The combination of atmospheric CO2 with a 3-carbon molecule phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) in the mesophyll cells to make a 4-carbon acid which is immediately converted to malic acid. The malic acid is then passed across to the bundle sheath cells where it is broken down again to pyruvic acid and CO2. The acid is passed back to the mesophyll cells to be used again, while the CO2 is fed into the reductive pentose-phosphate cycle (Calvin cycle) and converted into sugar and starch.
9761 CAM photosynthesis P The combination of atmospheric CO2 with a 3-carbon molecule phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) to make malic acid. The malic acid is then passed into the vacuole where it is stored until daylight, when it is shuttled back out to be used as a substrate in the light reaction of photosynthesis.
9762 NADP-malic enzyme C4 photosynthesis P The process of C4 photosynthesis, as it occurs in plants in which the enzyme decarboxylating C4 acids in the bundle sheath is NADP-malic enzyme.
9763 NAD-malic enzyme C4 photosynthesis P The process of C4 photosynthesis, as it occurs in plants in which the enzyme decarboxylating C4 acids in the bundle sheath is NAD-malic enzyme.
9764 PEP carboxykinase C4 photosynthesis P The process of C4 photosynthesis, as it occurs in plants in which the enzyme decarboxylating C4 acids in the bundle sheath is phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK).
9765 photosynthesis, light harvesting P Absorption and transfer of the energy absorbed from light photons between photosystem reaction centers.
9766 primary charge separation P In the photosynthetic reaction centers, primary charge separation is initiated by the excitation of a molecule followed by the transfer of an electron to an electron acceptor molecule following energy transfer from light harvesting complexes.
9767 photosynthetic electron transport chain P A process, occurring as part of photosynthesis, in which light provides the energy for a series of electron carriers to operate together to transfer electrons and generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.
9768 photosynthesis, light harvesting in photosystem I P After a photon of light is absorbed by one of the many chlorophyll molecules, in one of the light-harvesting complexes of an antenna on photosystem I, some of the absorbed energy is transferred to the pair of chlorophyll molecules in the reaction center.
9769 photosynthesis, light harvesting in photosystem II P After a photon of light is absorbed by one of the many chlorophyll molecules, in one of the light-harvesting complexes of an antenna on photosystem II, some of the absorbed energy is transferred to the pair of chlorophyll molecules in the reaction center.
9770 primary charge separation in photosystem I P Energized reaction-center P700 chlorophylls on photosystem I donate an electron to a loosely bound Quinone acceptor molecule X, on the stromal surface of the thylakoid membrane. The result is charge separation; a negative charge on the stromal side of the thylakoid membrane and a positive charge on the luminal side.
9771 primary charge separation in photosystem II P Energized reaction-center P680 chlorophylls on photosystem II donate an electron to a loosely bound acceptor molecule, the quinone Q, on the stromal surface of the thylakoid membrane. The result is charge separation; a negative charge on the stromal side of the thylakoid membrane and a positive charge on the luminal side.
9772 photosynthetic electron transport in photosystem II P A photosynthetic electron transport chain in which electrons move from the primary electron acceptor (Quinone, Q) through a chain of electron transport molecules in the thylakoid membrane until they reach the ultimate electron acceptor of Photosystem II, which is plastocyanin (PC). The electron is then passed to the P700 chlorophyll a molecules of the reaction centre of photosystem I.
9773 photosynthetic electron transport in photosystem I P A photosynthetic electron transport chain in which electrons move from the primary electron acceptor (Quinone, X) through a chain of electron transport molecules in the thylakoid membrane until they reach ferredoxin which passes the electron to the ultimate electron acceptor; NADP.
9777 photosynthetic phosphorylation P Any metabolic process in which photosynthetic organisms use light energy to convert ADP to ATP without the concomitant reduction of dioxygen (O2) to water that occurs in phosphorylation.
9778 cyclic photosynthetic phosphorylation P A photosynthetic phosphorylation process in which ATP synthesis is driven by a proton gradient generated across the thylakoid membrane. Involves only photosystem I.
9779 noncyclic photosynthetic phosphorylation P A photosynthetic phosphorylation process in which ATP synthesis is linked to the transport of electrons from water to NADP+ with the production of NADPH and dioxygen (O2). Involves photosystem I and photosystem II.
9780 photosynthetic NADP+ reduction P An NADPH regeneration process that contributes to the light reactions of photosynthesis. The light reactions of photosynthesis use energy from photons to generate high-energy electrons. These electrons are used directly to reduce NADP+ to NADPH. NADPH is a relatively stable molecule and can pass on its hydrogen atom to other molecules in chemical reactions.
9782 photosystem I antenna complex C The antenna complex of photosystem I. A photosystem has two closely linked components, an antenna containing light-absorbing pigments and a reaction center. Each antenna contains one or more light-harvesting complexes (LHCs).
9783 photosystem II antenna complex C The antenna complex of photosystem II. A photosystem has two closely linked components, an antenna containing light-absorbing pigments and a reaction center. Each antenna contains one or more light-harvesting complexes (LHCs).
9784 transmembrane receptor histidine kinase activity F Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-histidine = ADP + a protein-L-histidine phosphate.
9785 blue light signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing of blue light by photoreceptor molecule, at a wavelength between 400nm and 470nm.
9786 regulation of asymmetric cell division P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric cell division.
9787 regulation of abscisic acid-activated signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling.
9788 negative regulation of abscisic acid-activated signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling.
9789 positive regulation of abscisic acid-activated signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling.
9790 embryo development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo from its formation until the end of its embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic stage is organism-specific. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant.
9791 post-embryonic development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. See embryonic development.
9792 embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo over time, from zygote formation until the end of the embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic life stage is organism-specific and may be somewhat arbitrary; for mammals it is usually considered to be birth, for insects the hatching of the first instar larva from the eggshell.
9793 embryo development ending in seed dormancy P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo over time, from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
9794 regulation of mitotic cell cycle, embryonic P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of replication and segregation of genetic material in the embryo.
9798 axis specification P The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of a pattern along a line or around a point.
9799 specification of symmetry P The establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism such that a similar arrangement in form and relationship of parts around a common axis, or around each side of a plane is created.
9800 cinnamic acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cinnamic acid, 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid.
9801 cinnamic acid ester metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving ester derivatives of cinnamic acid, phenylpropenoic acid.
9802 cinnamic acid ester biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ester derivatives of cinnamic acid, phenylpropenoic acid.
9803 cinnamic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving cinnamic acid, 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid.
9804 coumarin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving coumarins, compounds derived from the phenylacrylic skeleton of cinnamic acids.
9805 coumarin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of coumarins, a class of compounds derived from the phenylacrylic skeleton of cinnamic acids.
9806 lignan metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving lignans, any member of a class of plant metabolites related to lignins. Lignans are usually found as phenylpropanoid dimers in which the phenylpropanoid units are linked tail to tail and thus having a 2,3 dibenzylbutane skeleton, but higher oligomers can also exist.
9807 lignan biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lignans, any member of a class of plant metabolites related to lignins. Lignans are usually found as phenylpropanoid dimers in which the phenylpropanoid units are linked tail to tail and thus having a 2,3 dibenzylbutane skeleton, but higher oligomers can also exist.
9808 lignin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving lignins, a class of polymers of phenylpropanoid units.
9809 lignin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lignins, a class of polymers formed by the dehydrogenetive radical polymerization of various phenylpropanoid monomers.
9810 stilbene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving stilbenes, a class of polyketides formed from a molecule of cinnamic acid and three molecules of malonyl-CoA.
9811 stilbene biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of stilbenes, a class of polyketide compounds formed from cinnamic acid and three molecules of malonyl CoA.
9812 flavonoid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving flavonoids, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives containing a flavan skeleton including flavones, flavonols and flavanoids, and anthocyanins.
9813 flavonoid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavonoids, a group of phenolic derivatives containing a flavan skeleton.
9814 defense response, incompatible interaction P A response of a plant to a pathogenic agent that prevents the occurrence or spread of disease.
9815 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate + L-ascorbate + O(2) = CO(2) + dehydroascorbate + ethylene + 2 H(2)O + hydrogen cyanide. Ethene is also known as ethylene.
9816 defense response to bacterium, incompatible interaction P A response of an organism to a bacterium that prevents the occurrence or spread of disease.
9817 defense response to fungus, incompatible interaction P A response of an organism to a fungus that prevents the occurrence or spread of disease.
9818 defense response to protozoan, incompatible interaction P A response of an organism to a protozoan that prevents the occurrence or spread of disease.
9819 drought recovery P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of prolonged deprivation of water that restores that organism to a normal (non-stressed) condition.
9820 alkaloid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving alkaloids, nitrogen containing natural products which are not otherwise classified as peptides, nonprotein amino acids, amines, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, cofactors, phytohormones or primary metabolites (such as purine or pyrimidine bases).
9821 alkaloid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alkaloids, nitrogen-containing natural products which are not otherwise classified as nonprotein amino acids, amines, peptides, amines, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, cofactors, phytohormones, or primary metabolite (such as purine or pyrimidine bases).
9822 alkaloid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alkaloids, nitrogen containing natural products not otherwise classified as peptides, nonprotein amino acids, amines, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, cofactors, phytohormones or primary metabolites (such as purine or pyrimidine bases).
9823 cytokinin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cytokinins, a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as plant growth regulators.
9824 AMP dimethylallyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: AMP + dimethylallyl diphosphate = N(6)-(dimethylallyl)adenosine 5'-phosphate + diphosphate.
9825 multidimensional cell growth P The process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size in two or three [spatial] dimensions or along two or three axes.
9826 unidimensional cell growth P The process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size in one [spatial] dimension or along one axis, resulting in the morphogenesis of the cell.
9827 plant-type cell wall modification P The series of events leading to chemical and structural alterations of an existing cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall that can result in loosening, increased extensibility or disassembly. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
9828 plant-type cell wall loosening P The series of events causing chemical and structural alterations of an existing cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall that results in greater extensibility of the wall. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
9829 cell wall modification involved in fruit ripening P The series of events resulting in chemical or structural alterations of existing cell walls that contribute to fruit ripening.
9830 cell wall modification involved in abscission P A cellular process that results in the breakdown of the cell wall that contributes to the process of abscission.
9831 plant-type cell wall modification involved in multidimensional cell growth P The series of events that occur during cell growth that result in chemical or structural changes to existing cell walls of the type composed chiefly of cellulose and pectin. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
9832 plant-type cell wall biogenesis P A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
9833 plant-type primary cell wall biogenesis P A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of cellulose and pectin-containing cell walls that form adjacent to the middle lamella following cell division and during cell expansion. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
9834 plant-type secondary cell wall biogenesis P A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of inextensible cellulose- and pectin-containing cell walls that are formed between the plasma membrane and primary cell wall after cell expansion is complete. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
9835 fruit ripening P An aging process that has as participant a fruit. Ripening causes changes in one or more characteristics of a fruit (color, aroma, flavor, texture, hardness, cell wall structure) and may make it more attractive to animals and aid in seed dispersal.
9836 fruit ripening, climacteric P A fruit ripening process that involves a burst of respiration and ethylene (ethene) evolution at the onset.
9837 fruit ripening, non-climacteric P A fruit ripening process that does not involve a respiratory burst.
9838 abscission P The controlled shedding of a body part.
9840 chloroplastic endopeptidase Clp complex C A Clp endopeptidase complex located in the chloroplast.
9841 mitochondrial endopeptidase Clp complex C A Clp endopeptidase complex located in the mitochondrion.
9842 cyanelle C A plastid that contains unstacked, phycobilisome-bearing thylakoid membranes and is surrounded by a double membrane with a peptidoglycan layer in the intermembrane space between the two envelope membranes. Cyanelles are characteristic of algae in the class Glaucophyta, and may represent an ancestral form of plastid.
9843 cyanelle thylakoid C A thylakoid found in a cyanelle, which is a type of plastid found in certain algae. The cyanelle contains a photosynthetic membrane resembling that of cyanobacteria.
9845 seed germination P The physiological and developmental changes that occur in a seed commencing with water uptake (imbibition) and terminating with the elongation of the embryonic axis.
9846 pollen germination P The physiological and developmental changes that occur in a heterosporous plant pollen grain, beginning with hydration and terminating with the emergence of the pollen tube through the aperture.
9847 spore germination P The physiological and developmental changes that occur in a spore following release from dormancy up to the earliest signs of growth (e.g. emergence from a spore wall).
9848 indoleacetic acid biosynthetic process via tryptophan P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indole-3-acetic acid that occurs through metabolism of L-tryptophan.
9849 tryptophan-independent indoleacetic acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indoleacetic acid, independent of tryptophan.
9850 auxin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving auxins, a group of plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth.
9851 auxin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of auxins, plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth.
9852 auxin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of auxins, a group of plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth.
9853 photorespiration P A light-dependent catabolic process occurring concomitantly with photosynthesis in plants (especially C3 plants) whereby dioxygen (O2) is consumed and carbon dioxide (CO2) is evolved. The substrate is glycolate formed in large quantities in chloroplasts from 2-phosphoglycolate generated from ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate by the action of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase; the glycolate enters the peroxisomes where it is converted by glycolate oxidase to glyoxylate which undergoes transamination to glycine. This then passes into the mitochondria where it is decarboxylated forming one molecule of serine for every two molecules of glycine. This pathway also exists in photosynthetic bacteria.
9854 oxidative photosynthetic carbon pathway P The reactions of the C2 pathway bring about the metabolic conversion of two molecules of 2-phosphoglycolate to one molecule of 3-phosphoglycerate, which can be used by the C3 cycle, and one molecule of carbon dioxide (CO2).
9855 determination of bilateral symmetry P The establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to a single longitudinal plane. The pattern can either be symmetric, such that the halves are mirror images, or asymmetric where the pattern deviates from this symmetry.
9856 pollination P The cascade of biological processes occurring in plants beginning when the pollen lands on the stigma and continuing up to, but not including, fertilization, as defined by sperm-central cell fusion.
9859 pollen hydration P The process in which water is taken up by pollen.
9860 pollen tube growth P Growth of pollen via tip extension of the intine wall.
9861 jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance P The jasmonic acid and ethylene (ethene) dependent process that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease in response to wounding or a pathogen.
9862 systemic acquired resistance, salicylic acid mediated signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals mediated by salicylic acid involved in systemic acquired resistance.
9863 salicylic acid mediated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals mediated by salicylic acid.
9864 induced systemic resistance, jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals mediated by jasmonic acid involved in induced systemic resistance.
9865 pollen tube adhesion P The process in which the pollen tube adheres to cells of the stigma and style.
9866 induced systemic resistance, ethylene mediated signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals mediated by ethylene (ethene) involved in induced systemic resistance.
9867 jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals mediated by jasmonic acid.
9868 jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance, jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals mediated by jasmonic acid involved in jasmonic acid/ethylene (ethene) dependent systemic resistance.
9870 defense response signaling pathway, resistance gene-dependent P A series of molecular signals that depends upon R-genes and is activated during defense response.
9871 jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance, ethylene mediated signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals mediated by ethylene (ethene) involved in jasmonic acid/ethylene dependent systemic resistance.
9873 ethylene-activated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals generated by the reception of ethylene (ethene, C2H4) by a receptor and ending with modulation of a cellular process, e.g. transcription.
9875 pollen-pistil interaction P The interaction between a pollen grain and pistil.
9876 pollen adhesion P The process in which pollen deposited on the stigma adheres to cells of the stigma.
9877 nodulation P The formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules on plant roots.
9878 nodule morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the nodule are generated and organized.
9879 determination of radial symmetry P The establishment of an organism's body plan or a part of an organism such that it is symmetric around a central axis.
9880 embryonic pattern specification P The process that results in the patterns of cell differentiation that will arise in an embryo.
9881 photoreceptor activity F The function of absorbing and responding to incidental electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light. The response may involve a change in conformation.
9882 blue light photoreceptor activity F The function of absorbing and responding to electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of approximately 400-470nm. The response may involve a change in conformation.
9883 red or far-red light photoreceptor activity F The function of absorbing and responding to electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of approximately 660-730nm. The response may involve a change in conformation.
9884 cytokinin receptor activity F Combining with a cytokinin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
9885 transmembrane histidine kinase cytokinin receptor activity F Combining with a cytokinin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-histidine = ADP + a protein-L-histidine phosphate.
9886 post-embryonic animal morphogenesis P The process, occurring after animal embryonic development, by which anatomical structures are generated and organized.
9887 animal organ morphogenesis P Morphogenesis of an animal organ. An organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.
9888 tissue development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
9889 regulation of biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances.
9890 negative regulation of biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances.
9891 positive regulation of biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances.
9892 negative regulation of metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism.
9893 positive regulation of metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism.
9894 regulation of catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances.
9895 negative regulation of catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances.
9896 positive regulation of catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances.
9897 external side of plasma membrane C The leaflet of the plasma membrane that faces away from the cytoplasm and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface.
9898 cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane C The leaflet the plasma membrane that faces the cytoplasm and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface.
9899 ent-kaurene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ent-copalyl diphosphate = ent-kaur-16-ene + diphosphate.
9900 dehiscence P The opening of an anther, fruit or other structure, which permits the escape of reproductive bodies contained within it.
9901 anther dehiscence P The dehiscence of an anther to release the pollen grains contained within it.
9902 chloroplast relocation P The process in which chloroplasts in photosynthetic cells migrate toward illuminated sites to optimize photosynthesis and move away from excessively illuminated areas to protect the photosynthetic machinery.
9903 chloroplast avoidance movement P The relocation process in which chloroplasts in photosynthetic cells avoid strong light and move away from it in order to preserve the photosynthetic machinery.
9904 chloroplast accumulation movement P The relocation process in which chloroplasts in photosynthetic cells move toward a brighter area in a cell to optimize photosynthesis.
9905 ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate = ent-copalyl diphosphate.
9906 response to photoperiod, blue light P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the detection of a blue light photoperiod stimulus. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm.
9907 response to photoperiod, red light P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red light photoperiod stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm.
9908 flower development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the flower over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The flower is the reproductive structure in a plant, and its development begins with the transition of the vegetative or inflorescence meristem into a floral meristem.
9909 regulation of flower development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of flower development.
9910 negative regulation of flower development P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of flower development.
9911 positive regulation of flower development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of flower development.
9912 auditory receptor cell fate commitment P The process in which the cellular identity of auditory hair cells is acquired and determined.
9913 epidermal cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epidermal cell, any of the cells making up the epidermis.
9914 hormone transport P The directed movement of hormones into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
9915 phloem sucrose loading P The process of loading sucrose into the sieve tube or companion cell of the phloem for long distance transport from source to sink.
9916 alternative oxidase activity F Catalysis of the oxidation of ubiquinol by diverting electrons from the standard electron transfer chain, transferring them from ubiquinol to oxygen and generating water as the product.
9917 sterol 5-alpha reductase activity F Catalysis of the removal of a C-5 double bond in the B ring of a sterol.
9918 sterol delta7 reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-dehydroepisterol = 24-methylenecholesterol.
9920 cell plate formation involved in plant-type cell wall biogenesis P The cell cycle process in which the cell plate is formed at the equator of the spindle in the dividing cells during early telophase. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
9921 auxin efflux carrier complex C The protein complex associated with the plasma membrane of certain plant cells (e.g. root cortex, epidermal cells) that functions to transport auxin out of the cell.
9922 fatty acid elongase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: fatty acid (C-16 or longer) + 2-C = fatty acid (C-16 or longer + 2-C).
9923 fatty acid elongase complex C A tetrameric complex of four different subunits which catalyzes the elongation of fatty acids chains 2 carbon units at a time in the synthesis of very long chain fatty acids.
9924 octadecanal decarbonylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: octadecanal = heptadecane + CO.
9925 basal plasma membrane C The region of the plasma membrane located at the basal end of the cell. Often used in reference to animal polarized epithelial membranes, where the basal membrane is the part attached to the extracellular matrix, or in plant cells, where the basal membrane is defined with respect to the zygotic axis.
9926 auxin polar transport P The unidirectional movement of auxin in the stem from tip to base along the vector of gravity or basipetally.
9927 histidine phosphotransfer kinase activity F Serves as a phospho-His intermediate enabling the transfer of phospho group between a hybrid kinase and a response regulator.
9930 longitudinal side of cell surface C The side of the cell parallel to the zygotic axis.
9931 calcium-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity F Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + a protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate; and ATP + a protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate. These reactions are dependent on the presence of calcium ions.
9932 cell tip growth P Growth that occurs specifically at the tip of a cell.
9933 meristem structural organization P Organization of a region of tissue in a plant that is composed of one or more undifferentiated cells capable of undergoing mitosis and differentiation, thereby effecting growth and development of a plant by giving rise to more meristem or specialized tissue.
9934 regulation of meristem structural organization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meristem organization.
9937 regulation of gibberellic acid mediated signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gibberellic acid mediated signaling.
9938 negative regulation of gibberellic acid mediated signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gibberellic acid mediated signaling activity.
9939 positive regulation of gibberellic acid mediated signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gibberellic acid mediated signaling activity.
9940 amino-terminal vacuolar sorting propeptide binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an amino terminal propeptide, which functions as a sorting signal to sort away the soluble vacuolar protein from Golgi to lytic vacuole via clathrin-coated vesicles.
9941 chloroplast envelope C The double lipid bilayer enclosing the chloroplast and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.
9942 longitudinal axis specification P The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the longitudinal axis. In plants, this is the axis that runs from the shoot to the root.
9943 adaxial/abaxial axis specification P The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the adaxial / abaxial axis. Adaxial refers to being situated toward an axis of an anatomical structure. Abaxial refers to being situated away from an axis of an anatomical structure.
9944 polarity specification of adaxial/abaxial axis P The process resulting in the establishment of polarity along the adaxial/abaxial axis. Adaxial refers to being situated toward an axis of an anatomical structure. Abaxial refers to being situated away from an axis of an anatomical structure.
9945 radial axis specification P The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of an axis that initiates at a point and radiates outward from the point.
9946 proximal/distal axis specification P The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the proximal/distal axis. The proximal/distal axis is defined by a line that runs from main body (proximal end) of an organism outward (distal end).
9947 centrolateral axis specification P The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the centrolateral axis. In plants, this axis is duplicated and runs from the midrib to the margin of the leaf.
9948 anterior/posterior axis specification P The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism.
9949 polarity specification of anterior/posterior axis P Any process resulting in the establishment of polarity along the anterior/posterior axis.
9950 dorsal/ventral axis specification P The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism.
9951 polarity specification of dorsal/ventral axis P Any process resulting in the establishment of polarity along the dorsal/ventral axis.
9952 anterior/posterior pattern specification P The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along the anterior-posterior axis. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism.
9953 dorsal/ventral pattern formation P The regionalization process in which the areas along the dorsal/ventral axis are established that will lead to differences in cell differentiation. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism.
9954 proximal/distal pattern formation P The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along a proximal/distal axis. The proximal/distal axis is defined by a line that runs from main body (proximal end) of an organism outward (distal end).
9955 adaxial/abaxial pattern specification P The regionalization process in which differences in cell differentiation along the adaxial/abaxial are generated. Adaxial refers to being situated toward an axis of an anatomical structure. Abaxial refers to being situated away from an axis of an anatomical structure.
9956 radial pattern formation P The regionalization process that results in defined areas around a point in which specific types of cell differentiation will occur.
9957 epidermal cell fate specification P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an epidermal cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
9958 positive gravitropism P The orientation of plant parts towards gravity.
9959 negative gravitropism P The orientation of plant parts away from gravity.
9960 endosperm development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endosperm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endosperm is formed during fertilization and provides nutrients to the developing embryo.
9961 response to 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid stimulus.
9962 regulation of flavonoid biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavonoids.
9963 positive regulation of flavonoid biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavonoids.
9964 negative regulation of flavonoid biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavonoids.
9965 leaf morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the leaf are generated and organized.
9966 regulation of signal transduction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction.
9967 positive regulation of signal transduction P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction.
9968 negative regulation of signal transduction P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction.
9969 xyloglucan biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xyloglucan, the cross-linking glycan composed of (1->4)-beta-D glucan backbone substituted at regular intervals with beta-D-xylosyl-(1->6) residues, which is present in the primary cell wall of most higher plants.
9970 cellular response to sulfate starvation P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of sulfate.
9971 anastral spindle assembly involved in male meiosis P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the anastral spindle in male meiotic cells.
9972 cytidine deamination P The removal of amino group in the presence of water.
9973 adenylyl-sulfate reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: AMP + sulfite + acceptor = adenylyl sulfate + reduced acceptor.
9974 zeinoxanthin epsilon hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: zeinoxanthin + NADPH + O2 + H+ = lutein + NADP+ + H2O. Adds a hydroxyl group to the epsilon ring of the alpha-carotene.
9975 cyclase activity F Catalysis of a ring closure reaction.
9976 tocopherol cyclase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alkene group + alcohol group on same molecule = cyclic ether. Substrates are 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4- hydroquinone (forms delta-tocopherol) and 2,3-dimethyl-5-phytyl-1,4-hydroquinone (forms gamma-tocopherol).
9977 proton motive force dependent protein transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of proteins from one side of the membrane to the other. Transportation is dependent on pH gradient across the membrane.
9978 allene oxide synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 13(S)-hydroperoxylinolenate = 12,13(S)-epoxylinolenate + H2O.
9979 16:0 monogalactosyldiacylglycerol desaturase activity F Catalysis of the introduction of an omega-3 double bond into an unsaturated 16-carbon fatty acid in a monogalactosyldiacylglycerol molecule.
9982 pseudouridine synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: RNA uridine = RNA pseudouridine. Conversion of uridine in an RNA molecule to pseudouridine by rotation of the C1'-N-1 glycosidic bond of uridine in RNA to a C1'-C5.
9986 cell surface C The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.
9987 cellular process P Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.
9988 cell-cell recognition P Cell recognition between cells. May involve the formation of specialized cell junctions.
9989 cell-matrix recognition P Cell recognition that involves the interaction of the cell with the extracellular matrix.
9990 contact guidance P Cell recognition involving the deposition of specific pathways in the extracellular matrix that guide migrating cells.
9991 response to extracellular stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an extracellular stimulus.
9992 cellular water homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of water within a cell.
9994 oocyte differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized immature germ cell acquires the specialized features of a mature female gamete.
9995 soluble molecule recognition P The recognition of soluble molecules in the environment.
9996 negative regulation of cell fate specification P Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from adopting a specific cell fate.
9997 negative regulation of cardioblast cell fate specification P Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from specifying into a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.
9998 negative regulation of retinal cone cell fate specification P Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from specifying into a retinal cone cell.
9999 negative regulation of auditory receptor cell fate specification P Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from specifying into an auditory hair cell.
10001 glial cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a glial cell.
10002 cardioblast differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.
10004 gastrulation involving germ band extension P A complex and coordinated series of cellular movements, including germ band extension, that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
10005 cortical microtubule, transverse to long axis C Arrays of microtubules underlying and connected to the plasma membrane, in the cortical cytosol, oriented mainly with their axes transverse to the long axis of the cell (and root in plants). In plants it influences the direction of cellulose microfibril deposition.
10006 Toc complex C Protein translocon complex at the chloroplast outer membrane.
10007 magnesium chelatase complex C A heterotrimeric enzyme complex composed of three subunits, all of which are required for enzyme activity, which catalyzes the chelation of Mg by proto IX in an ATP-dependent manner.
10008 endosome membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding an endosome.
10009 cytoplasmic side of endosome membrane C The side (leaflet) of the endosome membrane that faces the cytoplasm.
10011 auxin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with auxin, plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth.
10012 steroid 22-alpha hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-alpha-campestanaol + O2 = 6-deoxocathasterone + H2O.
10013 N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid, an auxin transport inhibitor.
10014 meristem initiation P Initiation of a region of tissue in a plant that is composed of one or more undifferentiated cells capable of undergoing mitosis and differentiation, thereby effecting growth and development of a plant by giving rise to more meristem or specialized tissue.
10015 root morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of roots are generated and organized. The root is the usually underground part of a seed plant body that originates from the hypocotyl, functions as an organ of absorption, aeration, and food storage or as a means of anchorage and support.
10016 shoot system morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the shoot are generated and organized. The shoot is the part of a seed plant body that is usually above ground.
10017 red or far-red light signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing by photoreceptor molecules of red light or far red light. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.
10018 far-red light signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing of far red light by a photoreceptor molecule. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.
10019 chloroplast-nucleus signaling pathway P The process in which a molecular signal is transduced between the chloroplast and nucleus, such that expression of nuclear encoding photosynthetic proteins is coupled with chloroplast biogenesis.
10020 chloroplast fission P The division of a chloroplast within a cell to form two or more separate chloroplast compartments. This division occurs independently of mitosis.
10021 amylopectin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amylopectin, the (1->4) linked alpha glucose units with alpha-(1->6) linkages.
10022 meristem determinacy P The process in which a meristem becomes determinate (i.e. ceases to produce lateral organs and may or may not terminally differentiate).
10023 proanthocyanidin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proanthocyanidin.
10024 phytochromobilin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytochromobilin, which involves the oxidative cleavage of heme by a heme oxygenase(HO) to form biliverdin IX alpha.
10025 wax biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of wax, which includes C16 and C18 fatty acids.
10026 trichome differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized epidermal cell acquires the specialized features of a trichome cell. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
10027 thylakoid membrane organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the thylakoid membrane.
10028 xanthophyll cycle P A cyclic series of interconversions involving three xanthophylls, violoxanthin, antheraxanthin, and zeaxanthin. The xanthophyll cycle is involved in regulating energy dissipation in light harvesting complex II.
10029 regulation of seed germination P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of seed germination.
10030 positive regulation of seed germination P Any process that activates or increase the rate of seed germination.
10031 circumnutation P The organismal movement by which the tip of a plant organ follows a spiral pattern as a consequence of growth.
10032 meiotic chromosome condensation P Compaction of chromatin structure prior to meiosis in eukaryotic cells.
10033 response to organic substance P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic substance stimulus.
10034 response to acetate P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acetate stimulus.
10035 response to inorganic substance P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an inorganic substance stimulus.
10036 response to boron-containing substance P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a boron-containing substance stimulus.
10037 response to carbon dioxide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbon dioxide (CO2) stimulus.
10038 response to metal ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a metal ion stimulus.
10039 response to iron ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron ion stimulus.
10040 response to iron(II) ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron(II) ion stimulus.
10041 response to iron(III) ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron(III) ion stimulus.
10042 response to manganese ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a manganese ion stimulus.
10043 response to zinc ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a zinc ion stimulus.
10044 response to aluminum ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an aluminum ion stimulus.
10045 response to nickel cation P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nickel cation stimulus.
10046 response to mycotoxin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mycotoxin stimulus. A mycotoxin is a toxic chemical substance produced by fungi.
10047 fruit dehiscence P The process leading to the spontaneous opening of the fruit permitting the escape of seeds.
10048 vernalization response P The process of thermal induction in plants in which flowering is promoted by exposure to low temperatures.
10049 acquisition of plant reproductive competence P The process in which a plant acquires the ability to respond to a floral inductive signal.
10050 vegetative phase change P Any process involved in the transition of a plant from a juvenile phase of vegetative development to an adult phase of vegetative development.
10051 xylem and phloem pattern formation P The regionalization process that gives rise to the patterning of the conducting tissues. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
10052 guard cell differentiation P The process in which a guard mother cell acquires the specialized features of a guard cell.
10053 root epidermal cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell in the root epidermis acquires the specialized features of a trichoblast or atrichoblast.
10054 trichoblast differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a trichoblast, a root epidermal cell that will give rise to a root hair.
10055 atrichoblast differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an atrichoblast, a root epidermal cell that will not give rise to a root hair.
10056 atrichoblast fate specification P The process involved in the specification of an atrichoblast.
10057 trichoblast fate specification P The process involved in the specification of a trichoblast.
10058 regulation of atrichoblast fate specification P Any process that modulates atrichoblast fate specification.
10059 positive regulation of atrichoblast fate specification P Any process that induces or promotes atrichoblast fate specification.
10060 negative regulation of atrichoblast fate specification P Any process that suppresses atrichoblast fate specification.
10061 regulation of trichoblast fate specification P Any process that modulates trichoblast fate specification.
10062 negative regulation of trichoblast fate specification P Any process that suppresses trichoblast fate specification.
10063 positive regulation of trichoblast fate specification P Any process that induces or promotes trichoblast fate specification.
10064 embryonic shoot morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of embryonic shoot are generated and organized.
10065 primary meristem tissue development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the primary meristem over time, from formation to the mature structure, as it occurs during plant embryogenesis. The primary meristem tissue is the protoderm, ground meristem and procambium.
10066 ground meristem histogenesis P The formation of the primary meristem or meristematic tissue that gives rise to the ground tissues.
10067 procambium histogenesis P The formation of the primary meristem or meristematic tissue that gives rise to the primary vascular tissue.
10068 protoderm histogenesis P The formation of the primary meristem or meristematic tissue that gives rise to the epidermis.
10069 zygote asymmetric cytokinesis in embryo sac P The division of the zygote in a plane perpendicular to the long axis of the embryo sac to produce a larger basal cell near the micropyle and a small terminal cell close to what was the central cell and is now the developing endosperm. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
10070 zygote asymmetric cell division P The division of the zygote into two daughter cells that will adopt developmentally distinct potentials.
10071 root meristem specification P The specification of a meristem which will give rise to a primary or lateral root.
10072 primary shoot apical meristem specification P The specification of the meristem which will give rise to all post-embryonic above-ground structures of the plant as well as the non-root below-ground structures, such as rhizomes and tubers.
10073 meristem maintenance P Any process involved in maintaining the identity, size and shape of a meristem.
10074 maintenance of meristem identity P The process in which an organism retains a population of meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.
10075 regulation of meristem growth P Any process involved in maintaining the size and shape of a meristem.
10076 maintenance of floral meristem identity P The process in which an organism retains a population of floral meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.
10077 maintenance of inflorescence meristem identity P The process in which an organism retains a population of inflorescence meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.
10078 maintenance of root meristem identity P The process in which an organism retains a population of root meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.
10079 maintenance of vegetative meristem identity P The process in which an organism retains a population of vegetative meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.
10080 regulation of floral meristem growth P Any process involved in maintaining the size and shape of a floral meristem.
10081 regulation of inflorescence meristem growth P Any process involved in maintaining the size and shape of an inflorescence meristem.
10082 regulation of root meristem growth P Any process involved in maintaining the size and shape of a root meristem.
10083 regulation of vegetative meristem growth P Any process involved in maintaining the size and shape of a vegetative meristem.
10084 specification of animal organ axis polarity P The process in which the polarity of an animal organ axis is specified.
10085 polarity specification of proximal/distal axis P Any process resulting in the establishment of polarity along the proximal/distal axis.
10086 embryonic root morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the embryonic root are generated and organized.
10087 phloem or xylem histogenesis P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of phloem and/or xylem over time, from formation to the mature structure. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
10088 phloem development P The formation of the principal food-conducting tissue of a vascular plant.
10089 xylem development P The formation of the principal water-conducting tissue of a vascular plant.
10090 trichome morphogenesis P The process in which the structures of a hair cell (trichome) cell are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized epidermal cell is acquiring the specialized features of a hair cell. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
10091 trichome branching P Any process involved in the formation of branches in plant hair cells. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
10092 specification of animal organ identity P The regionalization process in which the identity of an animal organ primordium is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
10093 specification of floral organ identity P The process in which the identity of a floral organ primordium is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
10094 specification of carpel identity P The process in which a floral organ primordium acquires the carpel identity. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
10095 specification of petal identity P The process in which a floral organ primordium acquires petal identity. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
10096 specification of sepal identity P The process in which a floral organ primordium acquires sepal identity. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
10097 specification of stamen identity P The process in which a floral organ primordium acquires stamen or staminode identity. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
10098 suspensor development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the suspensor over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The suspensor is the extension at the base of the embryo that anchors the embryo in the embryo sac and pushes it into the endosperm.
10099 regulation of photomorphogenesis P Any process that modulates the rate or extent of photomorphogenesis.
10100 negative regulation of photomorphogenesis P Any process that stops, reduces or prevents photomorphogenesis.
10101 post-embryonic root morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the post-embryonic root are generated and organized. The post-embryonic root is the root formed after the embryonic phase has been completed.
10102 lateral root morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of a lateral root are generated and organized. A lateral root is one formed from pericycle cells located on the xylem radius of the root, as opposed to the initiation of the main root from the embryo proper.
10103 stomatal complex morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the stomatal complex are generated and organized. The stomatal complex is the stomatal guard cells and their associated epidermal cells.
10104 regulation of ethylene-activated signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ethylene (ethene) signal transduction.
10105 negative regulation of ethylene-activated signaling pathway P Any process that stops or prevents ethylene (ethene) signal transduction.
10106 cellular response to iron ion starvation P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of iron ions.
10107 potassium ion import P The directed movement of potassium ions into a cell or organelle.
10108 detection of glutamine P The series of events in which a glutamine stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
10109 regulation of photosynthesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of photosynthesis.
10110 regulation of photosynthesis, dark reaction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of photosynthesis dark reaction.
10111 glyoxysome organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the glyoxysome. A glyoxysome is a microbody that contains the enzymes of the glyoxylate pathway.
10112 regulation of systemic acquired resistance P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of systemic acquired resistance.
10113 negative regulation of systemic acquired resistance P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of systemic acquired resistance.
10114 response to red light P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.
10115 regulation of abscisic acid biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of abscisic acid.
10116 positive regulation of abscisic acid biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of abscisic acid.
10117 photoprotection P Protection mechanism used by plants under conditions of excess energy absorption as a consequence of the light reactions of photosynthesis.
10118 stomatal movement P The process of opening or closing of stomata, which is directly related to the stomatal conductance (measuring rate of passage of either water vapor or carbon dioxide (CO2) through stomata).
10119 regulation of stomatal movement P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stomatal movement.
10120 camalexin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of camalexin, an indole phytoalexin.
10121 arginine catabolic process to proline via ornithine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including proline, via ornithine.
10122 arginine catabolic process to alanine via ornithine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including alanine, via ornithine.
10123 acetate catabolic process to butyrate, ethanol, acetone and butanol P The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate to form butyrate, ethanol, acetone and butanol.
10124 phenylacetate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenylacetate.
10125 mycothiol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mycothiol, which consists of N-acetyl-L-cysteine linked to a pseudodisaccharide, D-glucosamine and myo-inositol. Mycothiol is produced in actinomycetes like mycobacteria and serves similar functions to glutathione.
10126 mycothiol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving mycothiol, which consists of N-acetyl-L-cysteine linked to a pseudodisaccharide, D-glucosamine and myo-inositol. Mycothiol is produced in actinomycetes like mycobacteria and serves similar functions to glutathione.
10127 mycothiol-dependent detoxification P The chemical reactions using mycothiol to convert an alkylating agent to an S-conjugate of mycothiol. The latter is cleaved to release mercapturic acid which is excreted from the cell.
10128 benzoate catabolic process via CoA ligation P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzoate, by its ligation to Coenzyme A to form benzoyl-CoA, which is then broken by an aerobic or anaerobic pathway.
10129 anaerobic cyclohexane-1-carboxylate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyclohexane-1-carboxylate, a alicyclic acid, in the absence of oxygen.
10130 anaerobic ethylbenzene catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ethylbenzene, a benzene derivative with an ethyl group attached to the ring, which occurs in the absence of oxygen.
10132 dhurrin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dhurrin, a cyanogenic glucoside which functions as a plant defense compound.
10133 proline catabolic process to glutamate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proline into other compounds, including glutamate.
10134 sulfate assimilation via adenylyl sulfate reduction P The pathway by which inorganic sulfate is activated, reduced and incorporated into sulfated compounds, where the activated sulfate, adenylyl-sulfate, is reduced to sulfite by the activity of adenylyl-sulfate reductase.
10135 ureide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving ureide, allantoin and allantoate, which are the organic forms of nitrogen in nitrogen fixing and transporting plants.
10136 ureide catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ureide, which is the organic form of nitrogen in nitrogen fixing and transporting plants with the release of ammonium.
10137 ureide biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ureide, the organic form of nitrogen in nitrogen fixing and transporting plants, from IMP, which is synthesized de novo during nitrogen fixation by roots.
10138 pyrimidine ribonucleotide salvage P The pathway by which pyrimidine bases or pyrimidine ribonucleosides from pyrimidine nucleotide breakdown are converted back to pyrimidine ribonucleotides. The salvage pathway is important where there is no de novo pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis.
10139 pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide salvage P The pathway by which pyrimidine bases or pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides from pyrimidine nucleotide breakdown are converted back to pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides. The salvage pathway is important where there is no de novo pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis.
10142 farnesyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway P The pathway that converts acetate, in the form of acetyl-CoA, to farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) through a series of mevalonate intermediates. Farnesyl diphosphate is an important substrate for other essential pathways, such as biosynthesis of sterols.
10143 cutin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cutin, a waxy substance, which combined with cellulose forms a substance nearly impervious to water and constituting the cuticle in plants.
10144 pyridoxal phosphate biosynthetic process from pyridoxamine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyridoxal phosphate, the active form of vitamin B6, from pyridoxamine.
10145 fructan metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructan, a polysaccharide consisting of fructose residues.
10146 fructan biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fructan a polysaccharide consisting of fructose residues.
10147 fructan catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructan, a polysaccharide consisting of fructose residues.
10148 transpiration P Release of water by the plant into the air as water vapor mainly through leaves.
10150 leaf senescence P The process that occurs in a leaf near the end of its active life that is associated with the dismantling of cell components and membranes, loss of functional chloroplasts, and an overall decline in metabolism.
10151 chloroplast elongation P Expansion of the chloroplast that usually precedes division.
10152 pollen maturation P The final stages of microgametogenesis after the trinucleate stage has been reached resulting in viable pollen grains.
10154 fruit development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fruit over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fruit is a reproductive body of a seed plant.
10155 regulation of proton transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of proton transport into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
10157 response to chlorate P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chlorate stimulus.
10158 abaxial cell fate specification P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an abaxial cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
10159 specification of animal organ position P The regionalization process in which information that determines the correct position at which animal organ primordia are formed is generated and perceived resulting in correct positioning of the new animal organ.
10160 formation of animal organ boundary P The regionalization process that specifies animal organ primordium boundaries resulting in a restriction of organogenesis to a limited spatial domain and keeping the organ separate from surrounding tissues.
10161 red light signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing of red light by a photoreceptor molecule. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.
10162 seed dormancy process P A dormancy process in which dormancy (sometimes called a dormant state) is induced, maintained or broken in a seed. Seed dormancy is a suspension of most physiological activity and growth in a seed, including the embryo contained therein, that can be reactivated. It often requires special conditions for reactivation, such as specific temperature, scarification, or leaching of inhibitors.
10163 high-affinity potassium ion import P The directed, energized, high affinity movement of potassium ions into a cell or organelle, driven by cation symport with hydrogen or sodium ions. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
10164 response to cesium ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cesium stimulus.
10165 response to X-ray P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of X-ray radiation. An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 nanometers to 100 picometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz to 3 EHz).
10166 wax metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving wax, a compound containing C16 and C18 fatty acids.
10167 response to nitrate P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrate stimulus.
10168 ER body C A novel compartment found in plant cells that is derived from the ER. The structures have a characteristic shape and size (10 mm long and 0.5 mm wide) and are surrounded with ribosomes. They have been found in Arabidopsis thaliana and related Brassicaceae species.
10169 thioglucosidase complex C A large (200-800 kDa) multiprotein complex formed by 70-kDa and 5-kDa myrosinases, myrosinase- binding proteins (MBPs), MBP-related proteins and myrosinase-associated proteins. The complex has been identified in Brassica napus seeds.
10170 glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase complex C Complex that catalyzes the synthesis of ADP-glucose and pyrophosphate from glucose-1-phosphate and ATP. In plants, the complex is a heterotetramer composed of two types of subunits (small and large). In bacteria, the enzyme complex is composed of four identical subunits.
10171 body morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the soma are generated and organized.
10172 embryonic body morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the embryonic soma are generated and organized.
10174 nucleoside transmembrane transporter activity, against a concentration gradient F Catalysis of the transfer of a nucleoside, from one side of a membrane to the other, up a concentration gradient.
10175 sphingosine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of amino alcohol sphingosine from one side of the membrane to the other.
10176 homogentisate phytyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: homogentisate + phytyl diphosphate + H+ = 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone + CO2 + diphosphate. 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone is also known as 2-methyl-6-phytylplastoquinol.
10177 2-(2'-methylthio)ethylmalate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxo-4-methylthiobutanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = 2-(2'-methylthio)ethylmalic-acid + coenzyme A + H+.
10178 IAA-amino acid conjugate hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the cleavage of the amide bond between IAA (auxin) and the conjugated amino acid.
10179 IAA-Ala conjugate hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetyl-alanine + H2O = indole-3-acetate + L-alanine.
10180 thioglucosidase binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the enzyme thioglucosidase.
10181 FMN binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with flavin mono nucleotide. Flavin mono nucleotide (FMN) is the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes.
10182 sugar mediated signaling pathway P The process in which a change in the level of a mono- or disaccharide such as glucose, fructose or sucrose triggers the expression of genes controlling metabolic and developmental processes.
10183 pollen tube guidance P The process in which the growth of pollen tube is directed towards the female gametophyte.
10184 cytokinin transport P The directed movement of cytokinins, a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as growth regulators, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
10185 regulation of cellular defense response P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular defense response.
10186 positive regulation of cellular defense response P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular defense response.
10187 negative regulation of seed germination P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of seed germination.
10188 response to microbial phytotoxin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a microbial phytotoxin stimulus. A microbial phytotoxin is a chemical substance produced by microbes which is toxic to plants.
10189 vitamin E biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vitamin E, tocopherol, which includes a series of eight structurally similar compounds. Alpha-tocopherol is the most active form in humans and is a powerful biological antioxidant.
10190 cytochrome b6f complex assembly P Formation of cytochrome b6f complex, a complex that transfers electrons from reduced plastoquinone to oxidized plastocyanin and translocates protons from the stroma to the lumen, by the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of its constituents.
10191 mucilage metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving mucilage, a gelatinous substance secreted by plants.
10192 mucilage biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mucilage, a gelatinous substance secreted by plants.
10193 response to ozone P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ozone stimulus.
10196 nonphotochemical quenching P The process by which excess light energy absorbed by chlorophyll and not used to drive photosynthesis is emitted as heat. This process helps maintain the balance between dissipation and utilization of light energy to minimize generation of oxidizing molecules, thereby protecting the plant against photo-oxidative damage.
10197 polar nucleus fusion P The merging of the polar nuclei, the two nuclei contained within the same cell that are created from the mitotic division of the megaspore during angiosperm reproduction. Polar nuclear fusion takes place in the ovule, forming in the fusion nucleus and giving rise to the endosperm when fertilized.
10198 synergid death P Synergid cells undergo degeneration and death in response to penetration by the pollen tube. It is an active process that involves a dramatic decrease in cell volume, collapse of the vacuoles, and complete disintegration of the plasma membrane and most organelles.
10199 organ boundary specification between lateral organs and the meristem P The process in which boundaries between lateral organs and the meristem is established and maintained.
10200 response to chitin P A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chitin stimulus.
10201 response to continuous far red light stimulus by the high-irradiance response system P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the detection of a continuous far red light stimulus by the high-irradiance response system. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. The activity of the high-irradiance response system is characterized by stronger effects of continuous than pulsed light at equal total fluence.
10202 response to low fluence red light stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a low fluence red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Low fluence red light is defined in this case as short pulses of red light followed by darkness, providing a light level of 0.001-0.1 mmol/m2/sec.
10203 response to very low fluence red light stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a very low fluence red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Very low fluence red light is defined in this case as short pulses of red light followed by darkness, providing light levels of less than 0.001 mmol/m2/sec.
10204 defense response signaling pathway, resistance gene-independent P A series of molecular signals that is activated during defense response and does not depend upon R-genes.
10205 photoinhibition P The mechanism by which high light intensity inhibits photosynthesis through inactivation of the D1 protein of photosystem II.
10206 photosystem II repair P Proteolysis of the damaged D1 protein and re-assembly of a new D1 subunit in the photosystem II following photoinhibition.
10207 photosystem II assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a photosystem II complex on the thylakoid membrane. The photosystem II complex consists of at least 20 polypeptides and around 80 cofactors in most organisms.
10208 pollen wall assembly P The formation of reticulate pollen wall pattern consisting of two layers, exine and intine.
10209 vacuolar sorting signal binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a vacuolar sorting signal, a specific peptide sequence that acts as a signal to localize the protein within the vacuole.
10210 IAA-Phe conjugate hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetyl-phenylalanine + H2O = indole-3-acetate + phenylalanine.
10211 IAA-Leu conjugate hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetyl-leucine + H2O = indole-3-acetate + L-leucine.
10212 response to ionizing radiation P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ionizing radiation stimulus. Ionizing radiation is radiation with sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms and may arise from spontaneous decay of unstable isotopes, resulting in alpha and beta particles and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation also includes X-rays.
10213 non-photoreactive DNA repair P A DNA repair process that is involved in repairing UV-induced DNA damage under non-photoreactivating conditions. The mechanism by which this repair process operates has not yet been completely elucidated.
10214 seed coat development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the seed coat over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
10215 cellulose microfibril organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellulose microfibril, any of the cellulose structures laid down in orthogonal layers in a plant cell wall.
10216 maintenance of DNA methylation P Any process involved in maintaining the methylation state of a nucleotide sequence.
10217 cellular aluminum ion homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of aluminum ions at the level of a cell.
10218 response to far red light P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of far red light stimulus. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.
10219 regulation of vernalization response P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the vernalization response, by which induction of flowering is normally caused by extended exposure to cold temperatures.
10220 positive regulation of vernalization response P Any process that activates or induces the rate of the vernalization response, by which induction of flowering is normally caused by extended exposure to cold temperatures.
10221 negative regulation of vernalization response P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the vernalization response, by which induction of flowering is normally caused by extended exposure to cold temperatures.
10222 stem vascular tissue pattern formation P Vascular tissue pattern formation as it occurs in the stem of vascular plants.
10223 secondary shoot formation P The process that gives rise to secondary (or auxiliary or axillary) shoots in plants. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. These secondary shoots originate from secondary meristems initiated in the axils of leaf primordia. Axillary meristems function like the shoot apical meristem of the primary shoot initating the development of lateral organs.
10224 response to UV-B P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-B radiation stimulus. UV-B radiation (UV-B light) spans the wavelengths 280 to 315 nm.
10225 response to UV-C P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-C radiation stimulus. UV-C radiation (UV-C light) spans the wavelengths 100 to 280 nm.
10226 response to lithium ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lithium (Li+) ion stimulus.
10227 floral organ abscission P The controlled shedding of floral organs.
10228 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem P The process involved in transforming a meristem that produces vegetative structures, such as leaves, into a meristem that produces reproductive structures, such as a flower or an inflorescence.
10229 inflorescence development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an inflorescence over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
10230 alternative respiration P Alternative respiration pathway consumes oxygen, oxidizes NADH to NAD+ and generates water. During electron flow, proton motive force is diminished resulting in fewer molecules of ATP compared to cytochrome pathway. The pathway is found in plants, algae and some protozoa.
10231 maintenance of seed dormancy P Any process that maintains a seed in a dormant state.
10232 vascular transport P The directed movement of substances, into, out of or within a cell, either in a vascular tissue or in the vascular membrane.
10233 phloem transport P The directed movement of substances, into, out of or within a cell, either in a phloem tissue or in the phloem membrane.
10234 anther wall tapetum cell fate specification P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a tapetal cell of anthers in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
10235 guard mother cell cytokinesis P The stereotyped symmetric cell division by which guard mother cell give rise to stomatal guard cells.
10236 plastoquinone biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of plastoquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme present in the chloroplast.
10238 response to proline P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a proline stimulus.
10239 chloroplast mRNA processing P Steps involved in processing precursor RNAs arising from transcription of operons in the chloroplast genome into mature mRNAs.
10240 plastid pyruvate dehydrogenase complex C Complex that carries out the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl-CoA; comprises subunits possessing three catalytic activities: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (E2), and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). This complex is found in plant plastids and is distinct from the one found in mitochondria.
10241 ent-kaurene oxidation to kaurenoic acid P The three successive oxidations of the 4-methyl group of ent-kaurene to form ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate, kaurenoic acid. This process may be carried out entirely by the enzyme ent-kaurene oxidase.
10242 oxygen evolving activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H2O = O2 + 4 H+ + 4 e-. The evolution of oxygen from oxidizing water is carried out by the oxygen evolving complex in photosystem II of plants. P680+, the photochemically oxidized reaction-center chlorophyll of PSII, is a strong biological oxidant. The reduction potential of P680+ is more positive than that of water, and thus it can oxidize water to give O2 and H+ ions. The oxygen escapes as a gas while the H+ ions remain in solution inside the thylakoid vesicle.
10243 response to organonitrogen compound P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organonitrogen stimulus. An organonitrogen compound is formally a compound containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond.
10244 response to low fluence blue light stimulus by blue low-fluence system P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the detection of a low fluence blue light stimulus by the blue low-fluence system. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm. The blue low-fluence system responds to blue light at or below 0.1 micromols/m2. In certain species excitation of the blue low fluence system induces the transcription of a number of nuclear and plastid coded genes.
10245 radial microtubular system formation P Formation of radial microtubular systems during male meiotic cytokinesis in plants.
10246 rhamnogalacturonan I biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of rhamnogalacturonan I component of pectin, a rhamnose-rich pectic polysaccharide.
10247 detection of phosphate ion P The series of events in which a phosphate ion stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
10248 establishment or maintenance of transmembrane electrochemical gradient P The directed movement of ions to establish or maintain an electrochemical gradient across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
10249 auxin conjugate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving auxin conjugates, a bound form of auxin.
10250 S-methylmethionine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of S-methyl-methionine (SMM) from methionine and S-adenosyl-methionine (Ado-Met), catalyzed by methionine S-methyltransferase (MMT). SMM can be reconverted to methionine by donating a methyl group to homocysteine, and concurrent operation of this reaction and that mediated by MMT sets up the SMM cycle.
10252 auxin homeostasis P A homeostatic process that maintains an endogenous steady-state concentration of primary auxin, or constant level of auxin in a biological system, by a number of biochemical processes including transport, biosynthesis, catabolism and conjugation.
10253 UDP-rhamnose biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-L-rhamnose, a substance composed of rhamnose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
10254 nectary development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the floral nectaries over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
10255 glucose mediated signaling pathway P The process in which a change in the level of mono- and disaccharide glucose trigger the expression of genes controlling metabolic and developmental processes.
10256 endomembrane system organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endomembrane system.
10257 NADH dehydrogenase complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an NADH dehydrogenase complex.
10258 NADH dehydrogenase complex (plastoquinone) assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form NADH:plastoquinone dehydrogenase complex, which is involved in the non-photochemical reduction of plastoquinones, as well as the cyclic electron transport around photosystem I.
10259 multicellular organism aging P An aging process that has as participant a whole multicellular organism. Multicellular organism aging includes loss of functions such as resistance to disease, homeostasis, and fertility, as well as wear and tear. Multicellular organisms aging includes processes like cellular senescence and organ senescence, but is more inclusive. May precede death (GO:0016265) of an organism and may succeed developmental maturation (GO:0021700).
10260 animal organ senescence P The process that occurs in an animal organ near the end of its active life that is associated with the dismantling of cell components and membranes, and an overall decline in metabolism.
10262 somatic embryogenesis P Initiation of a somatic embryo-an embryo arising from previously differentiated somatic cells, rather than from fused haploid gametes.
10263 tricyclic triterpenoid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tricyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with 6 isoprene units and 3 carbon rings.
10264 myo-inositol hexakisphosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytic acid, myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, a regulator of intracellular signaling, a highly abundant animal anti-nutrient and a phosphate and mineral storage compound in plant seeds.
10265 SCF complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the SKP1-Cullin/Cdc53-F-box protein ubiquitin ligase (SCF) complex.
10266 response to vitamin B1 P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin B1 stimulus.
10267 production of ta-siRNAs involved in RNA interference P Cleavage of double-stranded RNA to form trans-acting small interfering RNA molecules (siRNAs) of 21-23 nucleotides. ta-siRNAs arise from PolII genes and function like miRNAs to guide cleavage of target mRNAs.
10268 brassinosteroid homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of brassinosteroids within an organism or cell.
10269 response to selenium ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from selenium ion.
10270 photosystem II oxygen evolving complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the oxygen evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II on a thylakoid membrane. The OEC protects the calcium-4 manganese-5 oxide cluster which is bound to the D1 and CP43 proteins. The exact protein composition of the OEC varies between cyanobacteria and plants, and in plants consists of three extrinsic nuclear-encoded polypeptides: PsbO, PsbP and PsbQ.
10271 regulation of chlorophyll catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chlorophyll.
10272 response to silver ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a silver ion stimulus.
10273 detoxification of copper ion P Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of copper ion. These include transport of copper away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of copper ion.
10274 hydrotropism P Growth or movement in a sessile organism toward or away from water, as of the roots of a plant.
10275 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form NAD(P)H dehydrogenase complex, which is involved in electron transport from an unidentified electron donor, possibly NAD(P)H or ferredoxin(Fd) to the plastoquinone pool.
10276 phytol kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phytol + CTP = phytyl monophosphate + CDP + H+.
10277 chlorophyllide a oxygenase [overall] activity F Catalysis of the reactions: chlorophyllide a + O2 + NADPH + H+ = 7-hydroxychlorophyllide a + H2O + NADP+; and 7-hydroxychlorophyllide a + O2 + NADPH + H+ = chlorophyllide b + 2 H2O + NADP+.
10278 chloroplast outer membrane translocon C The protein transport machinery of the chloroplast outer membrane that contains at least three components Toc159, Toc75 and Toc34, interacts with precursor proteins which are imported into the chloroplast in a GTP dependant manner.
10279 indole-3-acetic acid amido synthetase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetic acid + an amino acid = an indole-3-acetic acid amide conjugate.
10280 UDP-L-rhamnose synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-glucose + NADPH + H+ = UDP-L-rhamnose + NADP+ + H2O.
10282 senescence-associated vacuole C A lytic vacuole that is maintained at acidic pH and has different tonoplast composition compared to the central vacuole. Found during leaf senescence and develops in the peripheral cytoplasm of cells that contain chloroplast.
10283 pinoresinol reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: pinoresinol + NADPH + H+ = lariciresinol + NADP+.
10284 lariciresinol reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: lariciresinol + NADPH + H+ = secoisolariciresinol + NADP+.
10285 L,L-diaminopimelate aminotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + LL-2,6-diaminopimelate = (S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate + L-glutamate + H(2)O + H(+).
10286 heat acclimation P Any process that increases heat tolerance of an organism in response to high temperatures.
10287 plastoglobule C A lipoprotein particle present in chloroplasts. They are rich in non-polar lipids (triglycerides, esters) as well as in prenylquinones, plastoquinone and tocopherols. Plastoglobules are often associated with thylakoid membranes, suggesting an exchange of lipids with thylakoids.
10288 response to lead ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lead ion stimulus.
10289 homogalacturonan biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the pectidic homogalacturonan, characterized by a backbone of (1->4)-linked alpha-D-GalpA residues that can be methyl-esterified at C-6 and carry acetyl groups on O-2 and O-3.
10290 chlorophyll catabolite transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of chlorophyll catabolites such as non-fluorescent chlorophyll catabolites (NCCs), from one side of the membrane to the other.
10291 carotene beta-ring hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a carotene + a reduced electron acceptor + O2 = C3-hydroxylated carotene + an oxidized electron acceptor + H2O. This is a general reaction to represent the C3 hydroxylation of the beta ring of a carotene.
10292 GTP:GDP antiporter activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GTP(out) + GDP(in) = GTP(in) + GDP(out).
10293 abscisic aldehyde oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-abscisic aldehyde + H(2)O + O(2) = abscisate + H(2)O(2) + H(+).
10294 abscisic acid glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-abscisate + UDP-D-glucose = abscisic acid glucose ester + UDP.
10295 (+)-abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-abscisate + H(+) + NADPH + O(2) = (+)-8'-hydroxyabscisate + H(2)O + NADP(+).
10296 prenylcysteine methylesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: protein C-terminal S-farnesyl-L-cysteine methyl ester + H2O = protein C-terminal S-farnesyl-L-cysteine + methanol + H+.
10297 heteropolysaccharide binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with heteropolysaccharides. A heteropolysaccharide is a glycan composed of more than one type of monosaccharide residue.
10298 dihydrocamalexic acid decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dihydrocamalexic acid = camalexin + CO2 + H+.
10299 detoxification of cobalt ion P Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of cobalt ion. These include transport of cobalt away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of cobalt ion.
10301 xanthoxin dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(+) + xanthoxin = (+)-abscisic aldehyde + H(+) + NADH.
10303 limit dextrinase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1,6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in alpha- and beta-limit dextrins of amylopectin and glycogen, and in amylopectin and pullulan.
10304 PSII associated light-harvesting complex II catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of one or more components of the light-harvesting complex of photosystem II.
10305 leaf vascular tissue pattern formation P Vascular tissue pattern formation as it occurs in the leaf of vascular plants.
10306 rhamnogalacturonan II biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of rhamnogalacturonan II, a low molecular mass (5 - 10KDa) pectic polysaccharide, conserved in the primary walls of dicotyledenous and monocotyledenous plants and gymnosperms.
10307 acetylglutamate kinase regulator activity F Modulates the enzyme activity of acetylglutamate kinase.
10308 acireductone dioxygenase (Ni2+-requiring) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + O(2) = 3-(methylthio)propanoate + CO + formate.
10309 acireductone dioxygenase [iron(II)-requiring] activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + O(2) = 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoate + formate + H(+).
10310 regulation of hydrogen peroxide metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving hydrogen peroxide.
10311 lateral root formation P The process that gives rise to a lateral root. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. A lateral root primordium represents an organized group of cells derived from the root pericycle that will differentiate into a new root, as opposed to the initiation of the main root from the embryo proper.
10312 detoxification of zinc ion P Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of zinc ion. These include transport of zinc away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of zinc ion.
10313 phytochrome binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phytochrome.
10314 phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 5' position.
10315 auxin efflux P The process involved in the transport of auxin out of the cell.
10316 pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase complex C Heterodimeric complex that catalyzes the pyrophosphate-dependent phosphorylation of D-fructose 6-phosphate into D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.
10317 pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase complex, alpha-subunit complex C Refers to the alpha subunit of the heterodimeric complex that possesses pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase activity.
10318 pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase complex, beta-subunit complex C Refers to the beta subunit of the heterodimeric complex that possesses pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase activity.
10319 stromule C Thin filamentous structure extending from the surface of all plastid types examined so far, including chloroplast, proplastid, etioplast, leucoplast, amyloplast, and chromoplast. In general, stromules are more abundant in tissues containing non-green plastids, and in cells containing smaller plastids. The primary function of stromules is still unresolved, although the presence of stromules markedly increases the plastid surface area, potentially increasing transport to and from the cytosol. Other functions of stromules, such as transfer of macromolecules between plastids and starch granule formation in cereal endosperm, may be restricted to particular tissues and cell types.
10321 regulation of vegetative phase change P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vegetative phase change. Vegetative phase change is the set of post-embryonic processes involved in the transition of a plant from a juvenile phase of vegetative development to an adult phase of vegetative development.
10322 regulation of isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate produced via the methylerythritol (MEP) pathway (mevalonate-independent).
10323 negative regulation of isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate produced via the methylerythritol (MEP) pathway (mevalonate-independent).
10324 membrane invagination P The infolding of a membrane.
10325 raffinose family oligosaccharide biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs, such as raffinose, stachyose, verbascose and other molecules with a higher degree of galactosyl polymerization).
10326 methionine-oxo-acid transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: methionine + a 2-oxo acid = 2-oxo-4-methylthiobutanoate + an amino acid.
10327 acetyl CoA:(Z)-3-hexen-1-ol acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol = CoA + (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate.
10328 auxin influx transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of auxin, from one side of a membrane to the other, into a cell.
10329 auxin efflux transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of auxin, from one side of a membrane to the other, out of a cell.
10330 cellulose synthase complex C A large, multimeric protein complex, organized in a rosette, which catalyzes the biosynthesis of cellulose for the plant cell wall.
10331 gibberellin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with gibberellins, plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth.
10332 response to gamma radiation P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gamma radiation stimulus. Gamma radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or light emission of a specific frequency produced from sub-atomic particle interaction, such as electron-positron annihilation and radioactive decay. Gamma rays are generally characterized as EMR having the highest frequency and energy, and also the shortest wavelength, within the electromagnetic radiation spectrum.
10333 terpene synthase activity F Catalysis of the formation of cyclic terpenes through the cyclization of linear terpenes (e.g. isopentenyl-PP, geranyl-PP, farnesyl-PP and geranylgeranyl-PP) containing varying numbers of isoprene units.
10334 sesquiterpene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: trans,trans-farnesyl diphosphate = a sesquiterpene + diphosphate. Sesquiterpenes are terpenes containing three isoprene units, i.e. 15 carbons.
10335 response to non-ionic osmotic stress P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of non-ionic solutes (e.g. mannitol, sorbitol) in the environment.
10336 gibberellic acid homeostasis P Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of gibberellic acid; may involve transport, biosynthesis, catabolism or conjugation.
10337 regulation of salicylic acid metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving salicylic acid.
10338 leaf formation P The process that gives rise to a leaf. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
10339 external side of cell wall C The side of the cell wall that is opposite to the side that faces the cell and its contents.
10340 carboxyl-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the carboxyl group of an acceptor molecule to form a methyl ester.
10341 gibberellin carboxyl-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a gibberellin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a gibberellin methyl ester.
10342 endosperm cellularization P The separation of the multi-nucleate endosperm into individual cells. In many plant species, the endosperm that nurtures the embryo in the seed initially develops as a syncytium. This syncytial phase ends with simultaneous partitioning of the multi-nucleate cytoplasm into individual cells, a process referred to as cellularization.
10343 singlet oxygen-mediated programmed cell death P Programmed cell death induced by singlet oxygen. Programmed cell death is the cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.
10344 seed oilbody biogenesis P A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a seed oilbody. Seed oilbodies are simple organelles comprising a matrix of triglyceride surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer embedded and covered with unique proteins called oleosins. Seed oilbodies supply the energy requirements for the growth of the seedling after germination.
10345 suberin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of suberin monomers and suberin polyesters. Suberin monomers are derived from fatty acids and trans-cinnamic acids. The monomers are then cross-linked with glycerols.
10346 shoot axis formation P The process that gives rise to a shoot axis. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
10347 L-galactose-1-phosphate phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-galactose-1-phosphate + H2O = L-galactose + phosphate.
10348 lithium:proton antiporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Li+(in) + H+(out) = Li+(out) + H+(in).
10349 L-galactose dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-galactose + NAD+ = L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+.
10350 cellular response to magnesium starvation P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of magnesium.
10351 lithium ion transport P The directed movement of lithium ion into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
10352 lithium ion export P The directed movement of lithium ion out of a cell or organelle.
10353 response to trehalose P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trehalose stimulus.
10354 homogentisate prenyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a prenyl group from one compound (donor) to homogentisic acid.
10355 homogentisate farnesyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: homogentisic acid + farnesyl diphosphate = 2-methyl-6-farnesylplastoquinol.
10356 homogentisate geranylgeranyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: homogentisic acid + geranylgeranyl diphosphate = 2-methyl-6-geranylgeranylplastoquinol.
10357 homogentisate solanesyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: homogentisic acid + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate + 3 H+ = 2-methyl-6-solanyl-1,4-benzoquinonone + CO2 + diphosphate. 2-methyl-6-solanyl-1,4-benzoquinonone is also known as 2-methyl-6-solanesylplastoquinol and all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate as solanesyl diphosphate.
10358 leaf shaping P The developmental process that pertains to the organization of a leaf in three-dimensional space once the structure has initially formed.
10359 regulation of anion channel activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anion channel activity.
10360 negative regulation of anion channel activity P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the anion channel activity.
10361 regulation of anion channel activity by blue light P Any process in which blue light modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anion channel activity.
10362 negative regulation of anion channel activity by blue light P Any process in which blue light stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the anion channel activity.
10363 regulation of plant-type hypersensitive response P Any endogenous process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the plant hypersensitive response.
10364 regulation of ethylene biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an ethylene biosynthetic process.
10365 positive regulation of ethylene biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an ethylene biosynthetic process.
10366 negative regulation of ethylene biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an ethylene biosynthetic process.
10367 extracellular isoamylase complex C A protein complex whose composition varies amongst species; in rice it probably exists in a homo-tetramer to homo-hexamer form and in Gram negative bacteria as a dimer. Functions in the hydrolysis of alpha-(1,6)-D-glucosidic branch linkages. Isoamylases in animals are localized in the extracellular space.
10368 chloroplast isoamylase complex C A protein complex whose composition varies amongst species; in rice it probably exists in a homo-tetramer to homo-hexamer form and in Gram negative bacteria as a dimer. Functions in the hydrolysis of alpha-(1,6)-D-glucosidic branch linkages. Isoamylases in plants are intracellular and probably chloroplast localized.
10369 chromocenter C A region in which centric, heterochromatic portions of one or more chromosomes form a compact structure.
10370 perinucleolar chromocenter C A chromocenter adjacent to the nucleolus.
10371 regulation of gibberellin biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gibberellins.
10372 positive regulation of gibberellin biosynthetic process P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gibberellins.
10373 negative regulation of gibberellin biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gibberellins.
10374 stomatal complex development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stomatal complex over time from its formation to the mature structure. The stomatal complex is the stomatal guard cells and their associated epidermal cells.
10375 stomatal complex patterning P The regionalization process of establishing the non-random spatial arrangement of stomatal complex on the surface of a leaf. The stomatal complex is the stomatal guard cells and their associated epidermal cells.
10376 stomatal complex formation P The process that gives rise to the stomatal complex. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The stomatal complex is the stomatal guard cells and their associated epidermal cells.
10377 guard cell fate commitment P The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a stomatal guard cell. Guard cells are located in the leaf epidermis and pairwise surround stomatal pores, which allow CO2 influx for photosynthetic carbon fixation and water loss via transpiration to the atmosphere.
10378 temperature compensation of the circadian clock P The process in which the circadian clock maintains robust and accurate timing over a broad range of physiological temperatures. The circadian clock is an endogenous 24-h timer found in most eukaryotes and in photosynthetic bacteria. The clock drives rhythms in the physiology, biochemistry, and metabolism of the organisms.
10379 phaseic acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phaseic acid (PA), a catabolite of the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA).
10380 regulation of chlorophyll biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chlorophyll, any compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment, from less complex precursors.
10381 attachment of peroxisome to chloroplast P The process in which a peroxisome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a location adjacent to the chloroplast.
10383 cell wall polysaccharide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving cell wall polysaccharides.
10384 cell wall proteoglycan metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving cell wall peptidoglycan, a group of glycoproteins that consist of a core-protein backbone O-glycosylated by one or more complex carbohydrates.
10385 double-stranded methylated DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded methylated DNA. Methylation of cytosine or adenine in DNA is an important mechanism for establishing stable heritable epigenetic marks.
10387 COP9 signalosome assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a COP9 signalosome.
10388 cullin deneddylation P The modification of cullins by removal of ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8 (RUB1).
10389 regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle P Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression from G2 phase to M phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
10390 histone monoubiquitination P The modification of histones by addition of a single ubiquitin group.
10391 glucomannan metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucomannan, a polysaccharide composed of D-glucose and D-mannose. The mannose units form the backbone structure (a linear main chain) with the D-glucose as single side-units.
10392 galactoglucomannan metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactoglucomannan, a polysaccharide composed of D-glucose, D-galactose and D-mannose. The mannose units form the backbone structure (a linear main chain) decorated with a mixture of D-glucose and D-galactose side-units.
10393 galacturonan metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving galacturonan, a pectin polymer containing a backbone of alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues.
10394 homogalacturonan metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving homogalacturonan, a pectin characterized by a backbone of alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues that can be methyl-esterified at C-6 and carry acetyl groups on O-2 and O-3.
10395 rhamnogalacturonan I metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving rhamnogalacturonan I (RGI), a branched pectin with a backbone of alternating alpha-(1->2)-linked rhamnose and alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues that carries neutral side-chains of predominantly beta-(1->4)-D-galactose and/or alpha-(1->5)-L-arabinose residues attached to the rhamnose residues of the RGI backbone.
10396 rhamnogalacturonan II metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving rhamnogalacturonan II, a low molecular mass (5-10KDa) pectic polysaccharide. The backbone of RG-II contains at least 8 1,4-linked alpha-D-GalpA residues.
10397 apiogalacturonan metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving the pectic apiogalacturonan, characterized by a backbone of alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues substituted with apiose and apiobiose (D-apiofuranosyl-beta-(1->3)-D-apiose) side chains via O-2 or O-3 links.
10398 xylogalacturonan metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylogalacturonan, a pectin characterized by a backbone of alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues substituted on C-3 with beta-D-xylopyranose residues.
10399 rhamnogalacturonan I backbone metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving the alternating alpha-(1->2)-linked rhamnose and alpha-(1->2)-linked B-galacturonic acid residues of the rhamnogalacturonan I backbone.
10400 rhamnogalacturonan I side chain metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving the side chains of the pectin, rhamnogalacturonan I.
10401 pectic galactan metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactan, a polymer of D-galactosyl units that can be found as a side chain of the pectin rhamnogalacturonan I.
10402 pectic arabinan metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving pectic arabinan, a polymer with an alpha-(1->5)-linked L-arabinofuranose (Araf) backbone that can be substituted with Araf-alpha-(1->2)-, Araf-alpha-(1->3)-, and/or Araf-alpha-(1->3)-Araf-alpha-(1->3)-side chains. Arabinan can be found as a side chain of the pectin rhamnogalacturonan I.
10403 pectic arabinogalactan I metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving pectic arabinogalactan I, an alpha-(1,4)-linked D-galactopyranose backbone that is substituted with alpha-l-Araf residues via the O-3 of the D-galactose residues. Arabinogalactan I can be found as a side chain of rhamnogalacturonan I.
10404 cell wall hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cell wall hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein that consist of a core-protein backbone O-glycosylated by one or more complex carbohydrates.
10405 arabinogalactan protein metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cell wall arabinogalactan II glycoprotein, which is composed of a group of core protein of highly varying length and domain complexity. These are O-glycosylated at one or more hydroxyproline residues by arabinogalactan (AG) type II groups, which consist of (1->3)-beta-galactan and (1->6)-beta-linked galactan chains connected to each other by (1->3,1->6)-linked branch points, O-3 and O-6 positions substituted with terminal arabinosyl residues. Also, rhamnose, fucose, glucuronic and galacturonic acid can be present in the glycan structures.
10406 classical arabinogalactan protein metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cell wall arabinogalactan II glycoprotein, which is composed of a group of core protein containing Hyp, Ala, Ser, Thr and Gly as the major amino acid constituents, and the C-terminus is GPI anchored.
10407 non-classical arabinogalactan protein metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cell wall arabinogalactan II glycoprotein where other amino acids besides Hyp, Ala, Ser, Thr and Gly can be present and grouped into regions, such as a Cys-rich or Asn-rich domains.
10408 fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving the cell wall arabinogalactan II glycoprotein variant which contains both an arabinogalactan protein (AGP) motif and a fasciclin domain.
10409 extensin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving extensins, a group of 60-90 kDNA hydroxyproline (Hyp)-rich glycoproteins whose polypeptide backbone consists of many repeats of structural Ser(Hyp)4-6 motifs, with heavily glycosylated 1-4 arabinose residues O-linked to contiguous stretches of Hyp residues, with most of the Ser residues being O-galactosylated.
10410 hemicellulose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving hemicelluloses, plant cell wall polysaccharides that have a backbone of 1,4-linked beta-D-pyranosyl residues in which O4 is in the equatorial orientation. Many different hemicelluloses usually occur intermixed with each molecular type representing different degrees of polymerization and contain many different sugar monomers, which can include glucose, xylose, mannose, galactose, and arabinose. Hemicelluloses also contain most of the D-pentose sugars and occasionally small amounts of L-sugars as well. Xylose is always the sugar monomer present in the largest amount, but mannuronic acid and galacturonic acid also tend to be present.
10411 xyloglucan metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving xyloglucan, the cross-linking glycan composed of (1->4)-beta-D-glucan backbone substituted at regular intervals with beta-D-xylosyl-(1->6) residues, which is present in the primary cell wall of most higher plants.
10412 mannan metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannan, a group of polysaccharides containing a backbone composed of a polymer of D-mannose units.
10413 glucuronoxylan metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylan, a polymer containing a beta-(1->4)-linked D-xylose backbone decorated with glucuronic acid side units.
10414 glucuronoarabinoxylan metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylan, a polymer containing a beta-(1->4)-linked D-xylose backbone decorated with glucuronic acid and arabinose side units.
10415 unsubstituted mannan metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving the mannan backbone, the unsubstituted polymer of D-mannose units.
10416 arabinoxylan-containing compound metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving an arabinoxylan, a polymer containing a beta-1,4-linked D-xylose backbone decorated with arabinose side units.
10417 glucuronoxylan biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucuronoxylan, a polymer containing a beta-1,4-linked D-xylose backbone substituted with glucuronic acid residues.
10418 rhamnogalacturonan II backbone metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving the backbone structure of pectic rhamnogalacturonan II. The back bone contains at least 8 1,4-linked alpha-D-GalpA residues.
10419 rhamnogalacturonan II side chain metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving the side chains of pectic rhamnogalacturonan II. A number of structurally distinct di- and oligosaccharides can be attached to the C-3 and C-2 of the backbone, respectively.
10420 polyprenyldihydroxybenzoate methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-polyprenyl-4,5-dihydroxybenzoate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3-polyprenyl-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoate + H+.
10421 hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death P Programmed cell death induced by hydrogen peroxide. Programmed cell death is the cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.
10422 regulation of brassinosteroid biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of brassinosteroids.
10423 negative regulation of brassinosteroid biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of brassinosteroids.
10424 DNA methylation on cytosine within a CG sequence P The covalent transfer of a methyl group to C-5 or N-4 of a cytosine located within a CG sequence in a DNA molecule.
10425 DNA methylation on cytosine within a CNG sequence P The covalent transfer of a methyl group, to C-5 or N-4, of a cytosine located within a CNG sequence in a DNA molecule. N stands for any nucleotide.
10426 DNA methylation on cytosine within a CHH sequence P The covalent transfer of a methyl group, to C-5 or N-4, of a cytosine located within an asymmetric CHH sequence in a DNA molecule. H stands for an adenine, cytosine, or thymine nucleotide.
10427 abscisic acid binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with abscisic acid, plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth.
10428 methyl-CpNpG binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a methylated cytosine/unspecified/guanine trinucleotide.
10429 methyl-CpNpN binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a methylated cytosine/unspecified/unspecified trinucleotide.
10430 fatty acid omega-oxidation P A fatty acid oxidation process in which the methyl group at the end of the fatty acid molecule (the omega carbon) is first oxidized to a hydroxyl group, then to an oxo group, and finally to a carboxyl group. The long chain dicarboxylates derived from omega-oxidation then enter the beta-oxidation pathway for further degradation.
10431 seed maturation P A process in seed development that occurs after embryogenesis by which a quiescent state is established in a seed. Seed maturation is characterized by storage compound accumulation, acquisition of desiccation tolerance, growth arrest and the entry into a dormancy period of variable length that is broken upon germination.
10432 bract development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the bract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A bract is a leaf, usually different in form from the foliage leaves, subtending a flower or inflorescence.
10433 bract morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structure of a bract are generated and organized. A bract is a leaf, usually different in form from the foliage leaves, subtending a flower or inflorescence.
10434 bract formation P The process that gives rise to a bract. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. A bract is a leaf, usually different in form from the foliage leaves, subtending a flower or inflorescence.
10435 3-oxo-2-(2'-pentenyl)cyclopentane-1-octanoic acid CoA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 3-oxo-2-(2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-octanoic acid + coenzyme A = AMP + diphosphate + 3-oxo-2-(2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-octanoyl-CoA + H+. 3-oxo-2-(2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-octanoic acid is also known as OPC-8:0.
10436 carotenoid dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids.
10437 9,10 (9', 10')-carotenoid-cleaving dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids at the (9, 10) and/or (9', 10') double bond.
10438 cellular response to sulfur starvation P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of sulfur.
10439 regulation of glucosinolate biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosinolates, substituted thioglucosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae.
10440 stomatal lineage progression P The process in which an unspecialized epidermal cell progresses through a series of divisions that culminate in the production of a stomatal complex.
10441 guard cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the guard cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
10442 guard cell morphogenesis P Generation and organization of the polarized cell that is capable of turgor driven movement.
10443 meristemoid mother cell division P The asymmetric cell division by which a meristemoid mother cells (MMC) give rise to a meristemoid and another cell. The other cell may itself become a MMC or may generate an epidermal cell. Any cell that undergoes this type of division is a MMC.
10444 guard mother cell differentiation P The process in which a meristemoid acquires the specialized features of a guard mother cell.
10445 nuclear dicing body C A small round nuclear body, measuring 0.2-0.8 microns in diameter that is diffusely distributed throughout the nucleoplasm. Several proteins known to be involved in miRNA processing have been localized to these structures. D-bodies are thought to be involved in primary-miRNA processing and/or storage/assembly of miRNA processing complexes.
10446 response to alkaline pH P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus with pH > 7. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
10447 response to acidic pH P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus with pH < 7. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
10448 vegetative meristem growth P The increase in size or mass of a vegetative meristem, a population of undifferentiated cells in a plant shoot which maintains a continuous balance between the production of stem cells and the incorporation of their derivatives into lateral organ primordia.
10449 root meristem growth P The increase in size or mass of a root meristem, a population of undifferentiated cells in a plant root which maintains a continuous balance between the production of stem cells and the incorporation of their derivatives into the growth of the root.
10450 inflorescence meristem growth P The increase in size or mass of an inflorescence meristem, a population of undifferentiated cells in a plant shoot which produces small leaves and then floral meristems, which will give rise to flowers.
10451 floral meristem growth P The increase in size or mass of a floral meristem, a population of undifferentiated cells in a plant that gives rise to a flower.
10452 histone H3-K36 methylation P The modification of histone H3 by addition of one or more methyl groups to lysine at position 36 of the histone.
10453 regulation of cell fate commitment P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell fate commitment. Cell fate commitment is the commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field.
10454 negative regulation of cell fate commitment P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency or rate of cell fate commitment. Cell fate commitment is the commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field.
10455 positive regulation of cell fate commitment P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency or rate of cell fate commitment. Cell fate commitment is the commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field.
10456 cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord P The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of the dorsal spinal cord cell population.
10457 centriole-centriole cohesion P The process in which the two centrioles within a centrosome remain tightly paired.
10458 exit from mitosis P The cell cycle transition where a cell leaves M phase and enters a new G1 phase. M phase is the part of the mitotic cell cycle during which mitosis and cytokinesis take place.
10459 negative regulation of heart rate P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency or rate of heart contraction.
10460 positive regulation of heart rate P Any process that activates or increases the frequency or rate of heart contraction.
10461 light-activated ion channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens in response to a light stimulus.
10462 regulation of light-activated voltage-gated calcium channel activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of light-activated voltage-gated calcium channel activity.
10463 mesenchymal cell proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets.
10464 regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets.
10465 nerve growth factor receptor activity F Combining with nerve growth factor (NGF), to prevent apoptosis in neurons and promote nerve growth, or to initiate a change in cell activity.
10466 negative regulation of peptidase activity P Any process that stops or reduces the rate of peptidase activity, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins.
10467 gene expression P The process in which a gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
10468 regulation of gene expression P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
10469 regulation of receptor activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor activity. Receptor activity is when a molecule combines with an extracellular or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell activity.
10470 regulation of gastrulation P Any process that modulates the rate or extent of gastrulation. Gastrulation is the complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals.
10471 GDP-galactose:mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-L-galactose + alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate = GDP-alpha-D-mannose + alpha-L-galactose-1-phosphate.
10472 GDP-galactose:glucose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-L-galactose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate = alpha-L-galactose-1-phosphate + GDP-alpha-D-glucose.
10473 GDP-galactose:myoinositol-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-L-galactose + myo-inositol 1-phosphate = alpha-L-galactose-1-phosphate + GDP-myoinositol.
10474 glucose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase (GDP) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GDP + D-glucose 1-phosphate = phosphate + GDP-glucose.
10475 galactose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase (GDP) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GDP + L-galactose 1-phosphate = phosphate + GDP-galactose.
10476 gibberellin mediated signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of gibberellin stimulus.
10477 response to sulfur dioxide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sulfur dioxide (SO2) stimulus.
10478 chlororespiration P A respiratory electron flow (from NAD(P)H to plastoquinone (PQ) and O2) involving both a nonphotochemical reduction and re-oxidation of PQ pool.
10479 stele development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stele over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The stele is the central column of primary vascular tissue in the root and any tissue that it surrounds.
10480 microsporocyte differentiation P The process aimed at the progression of a microsporocyte cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. A microsporocyte is a diploid (2n) cell that undergoes meiosis and forms four haploid (1n) microspores; also called microspore mother cell and, in seed plants, pollen mother cell.
10481 epidermal cell division P Any process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of an epidermal cell, any of the cells making up the epidermis, into daughter cells.
10482 regulation of epidermal cell division P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the physical partitioning and separation of an epidermal cell into daughter cells. An epidermal cell is any of the cells that make up the epidermis.
10483 pollen tube reception P Interaction between the pollen tube, part of the male gametophyte, and the ovule, part of the female gametophyte, that results in the arrest of pollen tube growth, rupture of the pollen tube and the release of the sperm cells.
10484 H3 histone acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 = CoA + acetyl-histone H3.
10485 H4 histone acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H4 = CoA + acetyl-histone H4.
10486 manganese:proton antiporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Mn2+(in) + H+(out) = Mn2+(out) + H+(in).
10487 thermospermine synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methioninamine + spermidine = S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + thermospermine + H+.
10488 UDP-galactose:N-glycan beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + N-glycan = galactose-beta-1,3-N-glycan + UDP.
10489 UDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-glucose-3,5-epimerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-4-keto-6-deoxyglucose = UDP-4-keto-rhamnose.
10490 UDP-4-keto-rhamnose-4-keto-reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-4-keto-rhamnose + NADPH = UDP-rhamnose + NADP+.
10491 UTP:arabinose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-L-arabinose 1-phosphate + UTP = UDP-L-arabinose + diphosphate.
10492 maintenance of shoot apical meristem identity P The process in which an organism retains a population of shoot apical meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.
10493 Lewis a epitope biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a Lewis a epitope, a trisaccharide (Fuc-alpha-(1->4)[Gal-beta-(1->3)]GlcNAc) characteristic of plant protein N-linked oligosaccharides.
10494 cytoplasmic stress granule C A dense aggregation in the cytosol composed of proteins and RNAs that appear when the cell is under stress.
10495 long-distance posttranscriptional gene silencing P A posttranscriptional gene silencing process in which the silencing signal originates in a tissue separate from the tissue in which the silencing takes place.
10496 intercellular transport P The movement of substances between cells.
10497 plasmodesmata-mediated intercellular transport P The movement of substances between cells via plasmodesmata. Plasmodesmata is a fine cytoplasmic channel, found in all higher plants, that connects the cytoplasm of one cell to that of an adjacent cell.
10498 proteasomal protein catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds that is mediated by the proteasome.
10499 proteasomal ubiquitin-independent protein catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds that is mediated by the proteasome but do not involve ubiquitin.
10500 transmitting tissue development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the transmitting tract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The transmitting tissue is the tissue in the style of a carpel through which the pollen tube grows; it connects the stigma and the inside of ovary.
10501 RNA secondary structure unwinding P The process in which a secondary structure of RNA are broken or 'melted'.
10506 regulation of autophagy P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm.
10507 negative regulation of autophagy P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm.
10508 positive regulation of autophagy P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm.
10509 polyamine homeostasis P Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of a polyamine.
10510 regulation of acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from pyruvate P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA from pyruvate.
10511 regulation of phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol.
10512 negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol.
10513 positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol.
10514 induction of conjugation with cellular fusion P The process in which a cell initiates conjugation with cellular fusion. Conjugation with cellular fusion is the process that results in the union of cellular and genetic information from compatible mating types.
10515 negative regulation of induction of conjugation with cellular fusion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency or rate of initiation of conjugation with cellular fusion.
10516 negative regulation of cellular response to nitrogen starvation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular response to nitrogen starvation.
10517 regulation of phospholipase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase activity, the hydrolysis of a phospholipid.
10518 positive regulation of phospholipase activity P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase activity, the hydrolysis of a phospholipid.
10519 negative regulation of phospholipase activity P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase activity, the hydrolysis of a phospholipid.
10520 regulation of reciprocal meiotic recombination P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of recombination during meiosis. Reciprocal meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.
10521 telomerase inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a telomerase. Telomerase catalyzes the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1). Catalyzes extension of the 3'- end of a DNA strand by one deoxynucleotide at a time using an internal RNA template that encodes the telomeric repeat sequence.
10522 regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol P Any process that modulates the rate of the directed movement of calcium ions into the cytosol of a cell. The cytosol is that part of the cytoplasm that does not contain membranous or particulate subcellular components.
10523 negative regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol P Any process that decreases the rate of the directed movement of calcium ions into the cytosol of a cell. The cytosol is that part of the cytoplasm that does not contain membranous or particulate subcellular components.
10524 positive regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol P Any process that increases the rate of the directed movement of calcium ions into the cytosol of a cell. The cytosol is that part of the cytoplasm that does not contain membranous or particulate subcellular components.
10525 regulation of transposition, RNA-mediated P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA-mediated transposition. RNA-mediated transposition is a type of transpositional recombination which occurs via an RNA intermediate.
10526 negative regulation of transposition, RNA-mediated P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA-mediated transposition. RNA-mediated transposition is a type of transpositional recombination which occurs via an RNA intermediate.
10527 positive regulation of transposition, RNA-mediated P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA-mediated transposition. RNA-mediated transposition is a type of transpositional recombination which occurs via an RNA intermediate.
10528 regulation of transposition P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transposition. Transposition results in the movement of discrete segments of DNA between nonhomologous sites.
10529 negative regulation of transposition P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of transposition. Transposition results in the movement of discrete segments of DNA between nonhomologous sites.
10530 positive regulation of transposition P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transposition. Transposition results in the movement of discrete segments of DNA between nonhomologous sites.
10531 activation of JAK1 kinase activity P The process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a JAK1 (Janus Activated Kinase 1) protein, thereby activating it.
10532 regulation of activation of JAK1 kinase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of activation of JAK1 protein. The activation of JAK1 protein is the process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a JAK1 (Janus Activated Kinase 1) protein, thereby activating it.
10533 regulation of activation of Janus kinase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of activation of JAK protein. The activation of JAK protein is the process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a JAK (Janus Activated Kinase) protein, thereby activating it.
10534 regulation of activation of JAK2 kinase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of activation of JAK2 protein. The activation of JAK2 protein is the process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a JAK2 (Janus Activated Kinase 2) protein, thereby activating it.
10535 positive regulation of activation of JAK2 kinase activity P Any process that increase the frequency or rate of activation of JAK2 protein. The activation of JAK2 protein is the process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a JAK2 (Janus Activated Kinase 2) protein, thereby activating it.
10536 positive regulation of activation of Janus kinase activity P Any process that increases the frequency or rate of activation of JAK protein. The activation of JAK protein is the process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a JAK (Janus Activated Kinase) protein, thereby activating it.
10537 positive regulation of activation of JAK1 kinase activity P Any process that increases the frequency or rate of activation of JAK1 protein. The activation of JAK1 protein is the process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a JAK1 (Janus Activated Kinase 1) protein, thereby activating it.
10540 basipetal auxin transport P The unidirectional movement of auxin from the apex to base of an organ, including the shoot, leaf, primary root, or lateral root.
10541 acropetal auxin transport P The unidirectional movement of auxin from the base towards the apex of an organ, including the shoot, leaf, primary root, or lateral root.
10542 nitrate efflux transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of nitrate from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.
10543 regulation of platelet activation P Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of platelet activation. Platelet activation is a series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue.
10544 negative regulation of platelet activation P Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of platelet activation. Platelet activation is a series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue.
10547 thylakoid membrane disassembly P The controlled breakdown of the thylakoid membrane in the context of a normal process.
10548 regulation of thylakoid membrane disassembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of thylakoid membrane disassembly.
10549 regulation of membrane disassembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of membrane disassembly.
10550 regulation of PSII associated light-harvesting complex II catabolic process P Any process that modulates the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of one or more components of the light-harvesting complex of photosystem II.
10555 response to mannitol P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mannitol stimulus.
10556 regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
10557 positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
10558 negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
10559 regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.
10560 positive regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.
10561 negative regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.
10562 positive regulation of phosphorus metabolic process P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphorus or compounds containing phosphorus.
10563 negative regulation of phosphorus metabolic process P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphorus or compounds containing phosphorus.
10564 regulation of cell cycle process P Any process that modulates a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events.
10565 regulation of cellular ketone metabolic process P Any process that modulates the chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group, CO, and in which the carbonyl group is bonded only to carbon atoms. The general formula for a ketone is RCOR, where R and R are alkyl or aryl groups.
10566 regulation of ketone biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ketone, carried out by individual cells.
10567 regulation of ketone catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ketone, carried out by individual cells.
10568 regulation of budding cell apical bud growth P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth at the tip of a bud, in a cell that reproduces by budding.
10569 regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the error-free repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the broken DNA molecule is repaired using homologous sequences.
10570 regulation of filamentous growth P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which a multicellular organism or a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape.
10571 positive regulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of The DNA-dependent DNA replication that occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic organisms as part of the cell cycle.
10572 positive regulation of platelet activation P Any process that increases the rate or frequency of platelet activation. Platelet activation is a series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue.
10573 vascular endothelial growth factor production P The appearance of vascular endothelial growth factor production due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
10574 regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of vascular endothelial growth factor.
10575 positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production P Any process that increases or activates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of vascular endothelial growth factor.
10578 regulation of adenylate cyclase activity involved in G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase (AC) activity that is an integral part of a G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway.
10579 positive regulation of adenylate cyclase activity involved in G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase (AC) activity that is an integral part of a G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway.
10581 regulation of starch biosynthetic process P An process which modulate the frequency, rate or extent of starch biosynthesis, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of starch.
10582 floral meristem determinacy P The process in which a floral meristem becomes determinate (i.e. ceases to produce lateral organs and may or may not terminally differentiate).
10583 response to cyclopentenone P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cyclopentenone stimulus. Cyclopentenones are oxylipins derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are structurally similar to jasmonic acid, but contain a reactive unsaturated carbonyl structure in the cyclo-ring. Cyclopentenones include phytoprostanes and 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid.
10584 pollen exine formation P The formation of the pollen exine. The reticulate pollen wall pattern consists of two layers, exine and intine.
10585 glutamine secretion P The controlled release of glutamine by a cell.
10586 miRNA metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving miRNA, microRNA, a class of single-stranded RNA molecules of about 21-23 nucleotides in length, which regulates gene expression.
10587 miRNA catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of miRNA, microRNA, a class of single-stranded RNA molecules of about 21-23 nucleotides in length, which regulates gene expression.
10588 cotyledon vascular tissue pattern formation P Vascular tissue pattern formation as it occurs in the cotyledon of vascular plants.
10589 leaf proximal/distal pattern formation P The regionalization process within a leaf by which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along a proximal/distal axis.
10590 regulation of cell separation after cytokinesis P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the process of physically separating progeny cells after cytokinesis; this may involve enzymatic digestion of septum or cell wall components.
10591 regulation of lamellipodium assembly P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell.
10592 positive regulation of lamellipodium assembly P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell.
10593 negative regulation of lamellipodium assembly P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell.
10594 regulation of endothelial cell migration P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the orderly movement of an endothelial cell into the extracellular matrix to form an endothelium.
10595 positive regulation of endothelial cell migration P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the orderly movement of an endothelial cell into the extracellular matrix to form an endothelium.
10596 negative regulation of endothelial cell migration P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the orderly movement of an endothelial cell into the extracellular matrix to form an endothelium.
10597 green leaf volatile biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of volatile molecules emitted from green plants, such as hexenal, hexenol and hexenyl acetate, from linoleic acid or linolenic acid.
10598 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase complex (plastoquinone) C Complex that possesses NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (plastoquinone) activity. The complex is one of the components of the electron transport chain. It is involved in electron transport from an unidentified electron donor, possibly NADH, NADPH or ferredoxin(Fd) to the plastoquinone pool.
10599 production of lsiRNA involved in RNA interference P Cleavage of double-stranded RNA to form lsiRNA (long small interfering RNA), a class of siRNAs 30 to 40 nt in length. lsiRNAs are induced by pathogen infection or under specific growth conditions.
10600 regulation of auxin biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of auxins, plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth.
10601 positive regulation of auxin biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of auxins, plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth.
10602 regulation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate metabolic process P Regulation of the chemical reactions and pathways involving 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate, the anion of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, a natural product found in plant tissues. It is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of ethylene (ethene), a fruit-ripening hormone in plants.
10603 regulation of cytoplasmic mRNA processing body assembly P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a cytoplasmic mRNA processing body.
10604 positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
10605 negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
10606 positive regulation of cytoplasmic mRNA processing body assembly P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a cytoplasmic mRNA processing body.
10607 negative regulation of cytoplasmic mRNA processing body assembly P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a cytoplasmic mRNA processing body.
10608 posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression after the production of an RNA transcript.
10609 mRNA localization resulting in posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression after the production of a mRNA transcript by its transport into, or maintainance in, a specific location within the cell.
10610 regulation of mRNA stability involved in response to stress P Any process that modulates the propensity of mRNA molecules to degradation that is part of a change in state or activity of a cell as a result of an exogenous disturbance.
10611 regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart due to an increase in size (not length) of individual cardiac muscle fibers, without cell division.
10612 regulation of cardiac muscle adaptation P Any process that modulates the rate, extent or frequency of the process in which cardiac muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors.
10613 positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart due to an increase in size (not length) of individual cardiac muscle fibers, without cell division.
10614 negative regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart due to an increase in size (not length) of individual cardiac muscle fibers, without cell division.
10615 positive regulation of cardiac muscle adaptation P Any process that increases the rate, extent or frequency of the process in which cardiac muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors.
10616 negative regulation of cardiac muscle adaptation P Any process that decreases the rate, extent or frequency of the process in which cardiac muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors.
10617 circadian regulation of calcium ion oscillation P Any process that modulates the concentration of cytosolic free calcium ion [Ca2+]cyt with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.
10618 aerenchyma formation P The process that gives rise to aerenchyma, parenchyma tissue containing particularly large intercellular spaces of schizogenous or lysigenous origin. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
10619 adenylate cyclase-activating glucose-activated G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of glucose binding to a G-protein coupled receptor, where the pathway proceeds with activation of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent increase in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP).
10620 negative regulation of transcription by transcription factor catabolism P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-dependent transcription using a mechanism that involves the catabolism of a sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome.
10621 negative regulation of transcription by transcription factor localization P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-dependent transcription using a mechanism that involves the localization of a transcription factor.
10622 specification of ovule identity P The regionalization process in which the identity of an ovule is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
10623 programmed cell death involved in cell development P The activation of endogenous cellular processes that result in the death of a cell as part of its development.
10624 regulation of Schwann cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of multiplication or reproduction of Schwann cells, resulting in the expansion of their population. Schwann cells are a type of glial cell in the peripheral nervous system.
10625 positive regulation of Schwann cell proliferation P Any process that increases the frequency or rate of the multiplication or reproduction of Schwann cells, resulting in the expansion of their population. Schwann cells are a type of glial cell in the peripheral nervous system.
10626 negative regulation of Schwann cell proliferation P Any process that decreases the frequency or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of Schwann cells, resulting in the expansion of their population. Schwann cells are a type of glial cell in the peripheral nervous system.
10628 positive regulation of gene expression P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
10629 negative regulation of gene expression P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
10630 regulation of transcription, start site selection P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of either RNA on a template of DNA or DNA on a template of RNA by a mechanism that selects the start site along that template.
10631 epithelial cell migration P The orderly movement of an epithelial cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism.
10632 regulation of epithelial cell migration P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell migration.
10633 negative regulation of epithelial cell migration P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell migration.
10634 positive regulation of epithelial cell migration P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell migration.
10635 regulation of mitochondrial fusion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of merging of two or more mitochondria within a cell to form a single compartment.
10636 positive regulation of mitochondrial fusion P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of merging of two or more mitochondria within a cell to form a single compartment.
10637 negative regulation of mitochondrial fusion P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of merging of two or more mitochondria within a cell to form a single compartment.
10638 positive regulation of organelle organization P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle.
10639 negative regulation of organelle organization P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle.
10640 regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway.
10641 positive regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway.
10642 negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway.
10643 cell communication by chemical coupling P The process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by the transfer of small, water-soluble molecules or metabolites between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.
10644 cell communication by electrical coupling P The process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.
10645 regulation of cell communication by chemical coupling P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication via chemical coupling. Cell communication by chemical coupling is the process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by the transfer of small, water-soluble molecules or metabolites between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.
10646 regulation of cell communication P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.
10647 positive regulation of cell communication P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.
10648 negative regulation of cell communication P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.
10649 regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication via electrical coupling. Cell communication via electrical coupling is the process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.
10650 positive regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication via electrical coupling. Cell communication via electrical coupling is the process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.
10651 negative regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication via electrical coupling. Cell communication via electrical coupling is the process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.
10652 positive regulation of cell communication by chemical coupling P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication via chemical coupling. Cell communication by chemical coupling is the process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by the transfer of small, water-soluble molecules or metabolites between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.
10653 negative regulation of cell communication by chemical coupling P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication via chemical coupling. Cell communication by chemical coupling is the process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by the transfer of small, water-soluble molecules or metabolites between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.
10654 apical cell fate commitment P The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an apical cell. The apical cell is the upper cell formed after the first division of the zygote.
10656 negative regulation of muscle cell apoptotic process P Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a muscle cell and result in its death.
10657 muscle cell apoptotic process P A form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases, whose actions dismantle a muscle cell and result in its death. A muscle cell is a mature contractile cell, commonly known as a myocyte, that forms one of three kinds of muscle.
10658 striated muscle cell apoptotic process P A form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases, whose actions dismantle a striated muscle cell and result in its death. Striated muscle cells make up striated muscle fibers which are divided by transverse bands into striations.
10659 cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process P A form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases, whose actions dismantle a cardiac muscle cell and result in its death. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction.
10660 regulation of muscle cell apoptotic process P Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a muscle cell and result in its death.
10661 positive regulation of muscle cell apoptotic process P Any process that increases the rate or frequency of muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a muscle cell and result in its death.
10662 regulation of striated muscle cell apoptotic process P Any process that modulates the rate or extent of striated muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a striated muscle cell and result in its death.
10663 positive regulation of striated muscle cell apoptotic process P Any process that increases the rate or extent of striated muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a striated muscle cell and result in its death.
10664 negative regulation of striated muscle cell apoptotic process P Any process that decreases the rate or extent of striated muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a striated muscle cell and result in its death.
10665 regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process P Any process that modulates the rate or extent of cardiac cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a cardiac muscle cell and result in its death.
10666 positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process P Any process that increases the rate or extent of cardiac cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a cardiac muscle cell and result in its death.
10667 negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process P Any process that decreases the rate or extent of cardiac cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a cardiac muscle cell and result in its death.
10668 ectodermal cell differentiation P The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of an ectodermal cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
10669 epithelial structure maintenance P A tissue homeostatic process required for the maintenance of epithelial structure.
10672 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in meiotic cell cycle P A cell cycle process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as part of the meiotic cell cycle.
10673 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in meiotic cell cycle P A cell cycle process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as part of the meiotic cell cycle.
10674 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in meiotic cell cycle P A cell cycle process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II as part of the meiotic cell cycle.
10675 regulation of cellular carbohydrate metabolic process P Any process that modulates the rate, extent or frequency of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, as carried out by individual cells.
10676 positive regulation of cellular carbohydrate metabolic process P Any process that increases the rate, extent or frequency of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, as carried out by individual cells.
10677 negative regulation of cellular carbohydrate metabolic process P Any process that decreases the rate, extent or frequency of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, as carried out by individual cells.
10678 negative regulation of cellular carbohydrate metabolic process by negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated P Any cellular process that decreases the rate, extent or frequency of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates carried out by repression of transcription.
10679 cinnamic acid biosynthetic process involved in salicylic acid metabolism P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cinnamic acid, 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid, which is then utilized in the metabolism of salicylic acid.
10680 cinnamic acid biosynthetic process involved in coumarin metabolism P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cinnamic acid, 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid, which is then utilized in the metabolism of coumarin.
10681 cinnamic acid biosynthetic process involved in stilbene metabolism P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cinnamic acid, 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid, which is then utilized in the metabolism of stilbene.
10682 cinnamic acid biosynthetic process involved in flavonoid metabolism P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cinnamic acid, 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid, which is then utilized in the metabolism of flavonoids.
10683 tricyclic triterpenoid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving tricyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units and 3 rings.
10684 tricyclic triterpenoid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tricyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units and 3 rings.
10685 tetracyclic triterpenoid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetracyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units and 4 carbon rings.
10686 tetracyclic triterpenoid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetracyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units and 4 carbon rings.
10688 negative regulation of ribosomal protein gene transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of RNA from ribosomal protein genes by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter.
10689 negative regulation of ribosomal protein gene transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to chemical stimulus P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of RNA from ribosomal protein genes by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter, as a result of a chemical stimulus.
10690 negative regulation of ribosomal protein gene transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to stress P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of RNA from ribosomal protein genes by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter, as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis.
10691 negative regulation of ribosomal protein gene transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to nutrient levels P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of RNA from ribosomal protein genes by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter, as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of nutrients.
10692 regulation of alkaline phosphatase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alkaline phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: an orthophosphoric monoester + H2O = an alcohol + phosphate, with an alkaline pH optimum.
10693 negative regulation of alkaline phosphatase activity P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of alkaline phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: an orthophosphoric monoester + H2O = an alcohol + phosphate, with an alkaline pH optimum.
10694 positive regulation of alkaline phosphatase activity P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of alkaline phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: an orthophosphoric monoester + H2O = an alcohol + phosphate, with an alkaline pH optimum.
10695 regulation of spindle pole body separation P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the process involving the release of duplicated spindle pole bodies (SPBs) and their migration away from each other within the nuclear membrane.
10696 positive regulation of spindle pole body separation P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the process involving the release of duplicated spindle pole bodies (SPBs) and their migration away from each other within the nuclear membrane.
10697 negative regulation of spindle pole body separation P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the process involving the release of duplicated spindle pole bodies (SPBs) and their migration away from each other within the nuclear membrane.
10698 acetyltransferase activator activity F Binds to and increases the activity of an acetyltransferase, an enzyme which catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to an acceptor molecule.
10699 cell-cell signaling involved in quorum sensing P The cell-cell signaling process in which single-celled organisms monitor population density by detecting the concentration of small diffusible signal molecules.
10700 negative regulation of norepinephrine secretion P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of norepinephrine.
10701 positive regulation of norepinephrine secretion P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of norepinephrine.
10704 meiotic DNA double-strand break processing involved in meiotic gene conversion P The cell cycle process in which the 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang resulting in the transfer of genetic information from one helix to another.
10705 meiotic DNA double-strand break processing involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination P The cell cycle process in which the 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang occurs resulting in double strand break formation and repair through a double Holliday junction intermediate.
10706 ganglioside biosynthetic process via lactosylceramide P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gangliosides that begins with the formation of lactosylceramides, Gal-beta-(1->4)-Glc-beta-(1->1') ceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic C1 hydroxyl group of lactose by a ceramide group.
10707 globoside biosynthetic process via lactosylceramide P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of globosides that begins with the formation of lactosylceramides, Gal-beta-(1->4)-Glc-beta-(1->1') ceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic C1 hydroxyl group of lactose by a ceramide group.
10708 heteroduplex formation involved in gene conversion at mating-type locus P The formation of a stable duplex DNA that contains one strand from each of the two recombining DNA molecules resulting in the conversion of the mating-type locus from one allele to another.
10709 heteroduplex formation involved in double-strand break repair via synthesis-dependent strand annealing P The formation of a stable duplex DNA that contains one strand from each of the two recombining DNA molecules resulting in the error-free repair of a double-strand break without the exchange of adjacent sequences.
10710 regulation of collagen catabolic process P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of collagen catabolism. Collagen catabolism is the proteolytic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of collagen in the extracellular matrix.
10711 negative regulation of collagen catabolic process P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of collagen catabolism. Collagen catabolism is the proteolytic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of collagen in the extracellular matrix.
10712 regulation of collagen metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the metabolism of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals.
10713 negative regulation of collagen metabolic process P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the metabolism of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals.
10714 positive regulation of collagen metabolic process P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the metabolism of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals.
10715 regulation of extracellular matrix disassembly P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of extracellular matrix disassembly. Extracellular matrix disassembly is a process that results in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix.
10716 negative regulation of extracellular matrix disassembly P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of extracellular matrix disassembly. Extracellular matrix disassembly is a process that results in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix.
10717 regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.
10718 positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition is where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.
10719 negative regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.
10720 positive regulation of cell development P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.
10721 negative regulation of cell development P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.
10722 regulation of ferrochelatase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ferrochelatase activity; catalysis of the reaction: protoporphyrin + Fe2+ = protoheme + 2 H+.
10723 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to iron P Any process that increases the rate of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter in response to an iron stimulus.
10724 regulation of definitive erythrocyte differentiation P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of definitive erythrocyte differentiation. Definitive erythrocyte differentiation occurs as part of the process of definitive hemopoiesis.
10725 regulation of primitive erythrocyte differentiation P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of primitive erythrocyte differentiation. Primitive erythrocyte differentiation occurs as part of the process of primitive hemopoiesis.
10726 positive regulation of hydrogen peroxide metabolic process P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving hydrogen peroxide.
10727 negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide metabolic process P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving hydrogen peroxide.
10728 regulation of hydrogen peroxide biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of hydrogen peroxide biosynthesis. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a potentially harmful byproduct of aerobic cellular respiration which can cause damage to DNA.
10729 positive regulation of hydrogen peroxide biosynthetic process P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of hydrogen peroxide biosynthesis. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a potentially harmful byproduct of aerobic cellular respiration which can cause damage to DNA.
10730 negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide biosynthetic process P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of hydrogen peroxide biosynthesis. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a potentially harmful byproduct of aerobic cellular respiration which can cause damage to DNA.
10731 protein glutathionylation P The protein modification process in which a glutathione molecule is added to a protein amino acid through a disulfide linkage.
10732 regulation of protein glutathionylation P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of protein glutathionylation. Protein glutathionylation is the protein modification process in which a glutathione molecule is added to a protein amino acid through a disulfide linkage.
10733 positive regulation of protein glutathionylation P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein glutathionylation. Protein glutathionylation is the protein modification process in which a glutathione molecule is added to a protein amino acid through a disulfide linkage.
10734 negative regulation of protein glutathionylation P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein glutathionylation. Protein glutathionylation is the protein modification process in which a glutathione molecule is added to a protein amino acid through a disulfide linkage.
10735 positive regulation of transcription via serum response element binding P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the specifically regulated synthesis of RNA from DNA encoding a specific set of genes as a result of a transcription factor interacting with a serum response element (SRE). A serum response element is a short sequence with dyad symmetry found in the promoters of some of the cellular immediate-early genes, regulated by serum.
10736 serum response element binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the serum response element (SRE), a short sequence with dyad symmetry found in the promoters of some of the cellular immediate-early genes, regulated by serum.
10737 protein kinase A signaling P A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase A, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
10738 regulation of protein kinase A signaling P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of protein kinase A signaling. PKA signaling is the series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase A, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
10739 positive regulation of protein kinase A signaling P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein kinase A signaling. PKA signaling is the series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase A, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
10742 macrophage derived foam cell differentiation P The process in which a monocyte acquires the specialized features of a foam cell. A foam cell is a type of cell containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions.
10743 regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation. Macrophage derived foam cell differentiation is the process in which a macrophage acquires the specialized features of a foam cell. A foam cell is a type of cell containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions.
10744 positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation. Macrophage derived foam cell differentiation is the process in which a macrophage acquires the specialized features of a foam cell. A foam cell is a type of cell containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions.
10745 negative regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation. Macrophage derived foam cell differentiation is the process in which a macrophage acquires the specialized features of a foam cell. A foam cell is a type of cell containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions.
10746 regulation of plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport. Plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport is the directed movement of long-chain fatty acids across the plasma membrane. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.
10747 positive regulation of plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport. Plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport is the directed movement of long-chain fatty acids across the plasma membrane. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.
10748 negative regulation of plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport. Plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport is the directed movement of long-chain fatty acids across the plasma membrane.
10749 regulation of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction. Nitric oxide mediated signal transduction is a series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of nitric oxide (NO).
10750 positive regulation of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction. Nitric oxide mediated signal transduction is a series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of nitric oxide (NO).
10751 negative regulation of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction. Nitric oxide mediated signal transduction is a series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of nitric oxide (NO).
10752 regulation of cGMP-mediated signaling P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cGMP-mediated signaling. cGMP-mediated signaling is a series of molecular signals in which a cell uses cyclic GMP to convert an extracellular signal into a response.
10753 positive regulation of cGMP-mediated signaling P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of cGMP-mediated signaling. cGMP-mediated signaling is a series of molecular signals in which a cell uses cyclic GMP to convert an extracellular signal into a response.
10754 negative regulation of cGMP-mediated signaling P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of cGMP-mediated signaling. cGMP-mediated signaling is a series of molecular signals in which a cell uses cyclic GMP to convert an extracellular signal into a response.
10755 regulation of plasminogen activation P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of plasminogen activation. Plasminogen activation is the process in which plasminogen is processed to plasmin.
10756 positive regulation of plasminogen activation P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of plasminogen activation. Plasminogen activation is the process in which plasminogen is processed to plasmin.
10757 negative regulation of plasminogen activation P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of plasminogen activation. Plasminogen activation is the process in which plasminogen is processed to plasmin.
10758 regulation of macrophage chemotaxis P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage chemotaxis. Macrophage chemotaxis is the movement of a macrophage in response to an external stimulus.
10759 positive regulation of macrophage chemotaxis P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage chemotaxis. Macrophage chemotaxis is the movement of a macrophage in response to an external stimulus.
10760 negative regulation of macrophage chemotaxis P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage chemotaxis. Macrophage chemotaxis is the movement of a macrophage in response to an external stimulus.
10761 fibroblast migration P Cell migration that is accomplished by extension and retraction of a fibroblast pseudopodium. A fibroblast is a connective tissue cell which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.
10762 regulation of fibroblast migration P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of fibroblast cell migration. Fibroblast cell migration is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium.
10763 positive regulation of fibroblast migration P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of fibroblast cell migration. Fibroblast cell migration is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium.
10764 negative regulation of fibroblast migration P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of fibroblast cell migration. Fibroblast cell migration is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium.
10765 positive regulation of sodium ion transport P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
10766 negative regulation of sodium ion transport P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
10767 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to UV-induced DNA damage P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a UV damage stimulus.
10768 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to UV-induced DNA damage P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a UV damage stimulus.
10769 regulation of cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis contributing to cell differentiation. Cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation is the change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history.
10770 positive regulation of cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis contributing to cell differentiation. Cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation is the change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history.
10771 negative regulation of cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis contributing to cell differentiation. Cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation is the change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history.
10772 meiotic DNA recombinase assembly involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) to form higher order oligomers on single-stranded DNA resulting in meiotic recombination. Meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.
10773 meiotic DNA recombinase assembly involved in meiotic gene conversion P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) to form higher order oligomers on single-stranded DNA resulting in meiotic gene conversion. Meiotic gene conversion is the cell cycle process in which genetic information is transferred from one helix to another.
10774 meiotic strand invasion involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination P The cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate resulting in meiotic recombination. Meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.
10775 meiotic strand invasion involved in meiotic gene conversion P The cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate resulting in meiotic recombination.
10776 meiotic mismatch repair involved in meiotic gene conversion P A system for the identification and correction of base-base mismatches, small insertion-deletion loops, and regions of heterology that are present in duplex DNA formed with strands from two recombining molecules resulting in meiotic gene conversion. Meiotic gene conversion is the cell cycle process in which genetic information is transferred from one helix to another.
10777 meiotic mismatch repair involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination P A system for the identification and correction of base-base mismatches, small insertion-deletion loops, and regions of heterology that are present in duplex DNA formed with strands from two recombining molecules resulting in meiotic recombination. Meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.
10778 meiotic DNA repair synthesis involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination P The synthesis of DNA proceeding from the broken 3' single-strand DNA end that uses the homologous intact duplex as the template resulting in meiotic recombination. Meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.
10779 meiotic DNA repair synthesis involved in meiotic gene conversion P The synthesis of DNA proceeding from the broken 3' single-strand DNA end that uses the homologous intact duplex as the template resulting in meiotic gene conversion. Meiotic gene conversion is the cell cycle process in which genetic information is transferred from one helix to another.
10780 meiotic DNA double-strand break formation involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination P The cell cycle process in which double-strand breaks are generated at defined hotspots throughout the genome during meiosis I resulting in meiotic recombination. Meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.
10781 meiotic DNA double-strand break formation involved in meiotic gene conversion P The cell cycle process in which double-strand breaks are generated at defined hotspots throughout the genome during meiosis I resulting in meiotic gene conversion. Meiotic gene conversion is the cell cycle process in which genetic information is transferred from one helix to another.
10782 proboscis morphogenesis, labial disc-derived P The process in which the anatomical structures of the proboscis that are derived from the labial disc are generated and organized.
10783 proboscis morphogenesis, eye-antennal disc-derived P The process in which the anatomical structures of the proboscis that are derived from the eye-antennal disc are generated and organized.
10784 proboscis morphogenesis, clypeo-labral disc-derived P The process in which the anatomical structures of the proboscis that are derived from the clypeo-labral disc are generated and organized.
10785 clathrin coating of Golgi vesicle, plasma membrane to endosome targeting P The addition of clathrin and adaptor proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of transport vesicles that will move from the plasma membrane to the endosome, forming a vesicle coat.
10786 clathrin coating of Golgi vesicle, trans-Golgi to endosome targeting P The addition of clathrin and adaptor proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of transport vesicles that will move from the trans-Golgi to the endosome, forming a vesicle coat.
10787 COPI coating of Golgi vesicle, inter-Golgi cisterna P The addition of COPI proteins and adaptor proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of inter-Golgi cisterna transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat.
10788 COPI coating of Golgi vesicle, cis-Golgi to rough ER P The addition of COPI proteins and adaptor proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of cis-Golgi to rough ER transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat.
10789 meiotic sister chromatid cohesion involved in meiosis I P The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the entire length of the chromosome during meiosis I.
10790 meiotic sister chromatid cohesion involved in meiosis II P The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the entire length of the chromosome during meiosis II.
10791 DNA double-strand break processing involved in repair via synthesis-dependent strand annealing P The 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang that results in the repair of a double strand break via synthesis-dependent strand annealing.
10792 DNA double-strand break processing involved in repair via single-strand annealing P The 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang that results in the repair of a double strand break via single-strand annealing.
10793 regulation of mRNA export from nucleus P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
10794 regulation of dolichol biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dolichol biosynthesis. Dolichol biosynthesis consists of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dolichols, any 2,3-dihydropolyprenol derived from four or more linked isoprene units.
10795 regulation of ubiquinone biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquinone biosynthesis. Ubiquinone biosynthesis consists of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme.
10796 regulation of multivesicular body size P Any process that modulates the volume of a multivesicular body, a type of late endosome in which regions of the limiting endosomal membrane invaginate to form internal vesicles.
10797 regulation of multivesicular body size involved in endosome transport P Any process that modulates the volume of a multivesicular body as part of the directed movement of substances from endosomes to lysosomes or vacuoles.
10798 regulation of multivesicular body size involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism P Any process that modulates the volume of a multivesicular body as part of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide covalently tagged with ubiquitin.
10799 regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation. Peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation is the phosphorylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine.
10800 positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation. Peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation is the phosphorylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine.
10801 negative regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation. Peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation is the phosphorylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine.
10803 regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway. The tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of tumor necrosis factor binding to a cell surface receptor.
10804 negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway P Any process that decreases the rate or extent of the tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway. The tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of tumor necrosis factor binding to a cell surface receptor.
10805 regulation of lysine import P Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of lysine import. Lysine import is the directed movement of lysine, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid, into a cell or organelle.
10806 negative regulation of lysine import P Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of lysine import. Lysine import is the directed movement of lysine, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid, into a cell or organelle.
10807 regulation of synaptic vesicle priming P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle priming. Synaptic vesicle priming is the formation of SNARE-containing complexes, bringing synaptic vesicle membrane and plasma membranes into close proximity and thereby facilitating membrane fusion.
10808 positive regulation of synaptic vesicle priming P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle priming. Synaptic vesicle priming is the formation of SNARE-containing complexes, bringing synaptic vesicle membrane and plasma membranes into close proximity and thereby facilitating membrane fusion.
10809 negative regulation of synaptic vesicle priming P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle priming. Synaptic vesicle priming is the formation of SNARE-containing complexes, bringing synaptic vesicle membrane and plasma membranes into close proximity and thereby facilitating membrane fusion.
10810 regulation of cell-substrate adhesion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell-substrate adhesion. Cell-substrate adhesion is the attachment of a cell to the underlying substrate via adhesion molecules.
10811 positive regulation of cell-substrate adhesion P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell-substrate adhesion. Cell-substrate adhesion is the attachment of a cell to the underlying substrate via adhesion molecules.
10812 negative regulation of cell-substrate adhesion P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell-substrate adhesion. Cell-substrate adhesion is the attachment of a cell to the underlying substrate via adhesion molecules.
10813 neuropeptide catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of neuropeptides. Neuropeptides are signaling peptides that travel across a synaptic junction.
10814 substance P catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the neuropeptide substance P.
10815 bradykinin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the peptide bradykinin.
10816 calcitonin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the peptide calcitonin.
10817 regulation of hormone levels P Any process that modulates the levels of hormone within an organism or a tissue. A hormone is any substance formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory action.
10818 T cell chemotaxis P The directed movement of a T cell in response to an external stimulus. A T cell is a type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex.
10819 regulation of T cell chemotaxis P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of T cell chemotaxis. T cell chemotaxis is the directed movement of a T cell in response to an external stimulus.
10820 positive regulation of T cell chemotaxis P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of T cell chemotaxis. T cell chemotaxis is the directed movement of a T cell in response to an external stimulus.
10821 regulation of mitochondrion organization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion.
10822 positive regulation of mitochondrion organization P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion.
10823 negative regulation of mitochondrion organization P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion.
10824 regulation of centrosome duplication P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of centrosome duplication. Centrosome duplication is the replication of a centrosome, a structure comprised of a pair of centrioles and peri-centriolar material from which a microtubule spindle apparatus is organized.
10825 positive regulation of centrosome duplication P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of centrosome duplication. Centrosome duplication is the replication of a centrosome, a structure comprised of a pair of centrioles and peri-centriolar material from which a microtubule spindle apparatus is organized.
10826 negative regulation of centrosome duplication P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of centrosome duplication. Centrosome duplication is the replication of a centrosome, a structure comprised of a pair of centrioles and peri-centriolar material from which a microtubule spindle apparatus is organized.
10827 regulation of glucose transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucose transport. Glucose transport is the directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
10828 positive regulation of glucose transport P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucose transport. Glucose transport is the directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
10829 negative regulation of glucose transport P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of glucose transport. Glucose transport is the directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
10830 regulation of myotube differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myotube differentiation. Myotube differentiation is the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.
10831 positive regulation of myotube differentiation P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of myotube differentiation. Myotube differentiation is the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.
10832 negative regulation of myotube differentiation P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of myotube differentiation. Myotube differentiation is the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.
10833 telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening P Any process that contributes to the maintenance of proper telomeric length and structure by affecting and monitoring the activity of telomeric proteins and lengthening the telomeric DNA.
10835 regulation of protein ADP-ribosylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein ADP-ribosylation. Protein ADP-ribosylation is the transfer, from NAD, of ADP-ribose to protein amino acids.
10836 negative regulation of protein ADP-ribosylation P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of protein ADP-ribosylation. Protein ADP-ribosylation is the transfer, from NAD, of ADP-ribose to protein amino acids.
10837 regulation of keratinocyte proliferation P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of keratinocyte proliferation. Keratinocyte proliferation is the multiplication or reproduction of keratinocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
10838 positive regulation of keratinocyte proliferation P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of keratinocyte proliferation. Keratinocyte proliferation is the multiplication or reproduction of keratinocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
10839 negative regulation of keratinocyte proliferation P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of keratinocyte proliferation. Keratinocyte proliferation is the multiplication or reproduction of keratinocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
10840 regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, wakefulness P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the wakeful phase of the circadian sleep/wake cycle. The wakeful phase is the part of the circadian sleep/wake cycle where the organism is not asleep.
10841 positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, wakefulness P Any process that increases the frequency, or extent of the wakeful phase of the circadian sleep/wake cycle. The wakeful phase is the part of the circadian sleep/wake cycle where the organism is not asleep.
10842 retina layer formation P The process in which the vertebrate retina is organized into three laminae: the outer nuclear layer (ONL), which contains photoreceptor nuclei; the inner nuclear layer (INL), which contains amacrine, bipolar and horizontal cells; and the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer. Between the inner and outer nuclear layers, the outer plexiform layer (OPL) contains connections between the photoreceptors and bipolar and horizontal cells. The inner plexiform layer (IPL) is positioned between the INL and the ganglion cell layer and contains the dendrites of RGCs and processes of bipolar and amacrine cells. Spanning all layers of the retina are the radially oriented Mueller glia.
10844 recombination hotspot binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a region in a genome which promotes recombination.
10845 positive regulation of reciprocal meiotic recombination P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of recombination during meiosis. Reciprocal meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.
10846 activation of reciprocal meiotic recombination P Any process that starts the inactive process of reciprocal meiotic recombination. Reciprocal meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.
10847 regulation of chromatin assembly P Any process the modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin assembly. Chromatin assembly is the assembly of DNA, histone proteins, and other associated proteins into chromatin structure, beginning with the formation of the basic unit, the nucleosome, followed by organization of the nucleosomes into higher order structures, ultimately giving rise to a complex organization of specific domains within the nucleus.
10848 regulation of chromatin disassembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin disassembly. Chromatin disassembly is the controlled breakdown of chromatin from a higher order structure into its simpler subcomponents, DNA, histones, and other proteins.
10849 regulation of proton-transporting ATPase activity, rotational mechanism P Any process that modulates the rate of ATP hydrolysis by an ATPase. Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + H+(in) = ADP + phosphate + H+(out), by a rotational mechanism.
10850 regulation of blood pressure by chemoreceptor signaling pathway P A series of reactions within the cell that occur as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound interacting with a chemoreceptor resulting in a modulation of the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system. Chemoreceptors respond to oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.
10851 cyclase regulator activity F Modulates the activity of an enzyme that catalyzes a ring closure reaction.
10852 cyclase inhibitor activity F Decreases the activity of an enzyme that catalyzes a ring closure reaction.
10853 cyclase activator activity F Increases the activity of an enzyme that catalyzes a ring closure reaction.
10854 adenylate cyclase regulator activity F Modulates the activity of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate.
10855 adenylate cyclase inhibitor activity F Decreases the activity of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate.
10856 adenylate cyclase activator activity F Increases the activity of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate.
10857 calcium-dependent protein kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP. This reaction requires the presence of calcium.
10858 calcium-dependent protein kinase regulator activity F Modulates the activity of a calcium-dependent protein kinase, an enzyme which phosphorylates a protein in a calcium-dependent manner.
10859 calcium-dependent cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a calcium-dependent cysteine-type endopeptidase, any enzyme that hydrolyzes peptide bonds in polypeptides by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile in a calcium-dependent manner.
10861 thyroid hormone receptor activator activity F A receptor activator activity that binds to, thyroid hormone receptor in a ligand-dependent manner and enhances ligand-induced transcriptional activity of the receptor.
10862 positive regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways.
10863 positive regulation of phospholipase C activity P Any process that increases the rate of phospholipase C activity.
10864 positive regulation of protein histidine kinase activity P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein histidine kinase activity.
10865 stipule development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stipule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A stipule is one of (usually) a pair of appendages at the bases of leaves in many broad-leaved angiosperms.
10866 regulation of triglyceride biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of triglyceride biosynthesis. Triglyceride biosynthesis is the collection of chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of triglyceride, any triester of glycerol.
10867 positive regulation of triglyceride biosynthetic process P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of triglyceride biosynthesis. Triglyceride biosynthesis is the collection of chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of triglyceride, any triester of glycerol.
10868 negative regulation of triglyceride biosynthetic process P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of triglyceride biosynthesis. Triglyceride biosynthesis is the collection of chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of triglyceride, any triester of glycerol.
10869 regulation of receptor biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of receptor biosynthesis. Receptor biosynthesis is the collection of chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
10870 positive regulation of receptor biosynthetic process P Any process that increases the frequency or rate of receptor biosynthesis. Receptor biosynthesis is the collection of chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
10871 negative regulation of receptor biosynthetic process P Any process that decreases the frequency or rate of receptor biosynthesis. Receptor biosynthesis is the collection of chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
10872 regulation of cholesterol esterification P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol esterification. Cholesterol esterification is the lipid modification process in which a sterol ester is formed by the combination of a carboxylic acid (often a fatty acid) and cholesterol. In the blood this process is associated with the conversion of free cholesterol into cholesteryl ester, which is then sequestered into the core of a lipoprotein particle.
10873 positive regulation of cholesterol esterification P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol esterification. Cholesterol esterification is the lipid modification process in which a sterol ester is formed by the combination of a carboxylic acid (often a fatty acid) and cholesterol. In the blood this process is associated with the conversion of free cholesterol into cholesteryl ester, which is then sequestered into the core of a lipoprotein particle.
10874 regulation of cholesterol efflux P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol efflux. Cholesterol efflux is the directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, out of a cell or organelle.
10875 positive regulation of cholesterol efflux P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol efflux. Cholesterol efflux is the directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, out of a cell or organelle.
10876 lipid localization P Any process in which a lipid is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
10877 lipid transport involved in lipid storage P The directed movement of lipids into cells that is part of their accumulation and maintenance.
10878 cholesterol storage P The accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.
10879 cholesterol transport involved in cholesterol storage P The directed movement of cholesterol into cells that is part of their accumulation and maintenance.
10880 regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by sarcoplasmic reticulum P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the process in which the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol occurs via calcium release channels.
10881 regulation of cardiac muscle contraction by regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction via the regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is the endoplasmic reticulum of striated muscle, specialised for the sequestration of calcium ions that are released upon receipt of a signal relayed by the T tubules from the neuromuscular junction.
10882 regulation of cardiac muscle contraction by calcium ion signaling P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction by changing the calcium ion signals that trigger contraction.
10883 regulation of lipid storage P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of lipid storage. Lipid storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of lipids, compounds soluble in organic solvents but insoluble or sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents. Lipid reserves can be accumulated during early developmental stages for mobilization and utilization at later stages of development.
10884 positive regulation of lipid storage P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of lipid storage. Lipid storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of lipids, compounds soluble in organic solvents but insoluble or sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents. Lipid reserves can be accumulated during early developmental stages for mobilization and utilization at later stages of development.
10885 regulation of cholesterol storage P Any process that modulates the rate or extent of cholesterol storage. Cholesterol storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.
10886 positive regulation of cholesterol storage P Any process that increases the rate or extent of cholesterol storage. Cholesterol storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.
10887 negative regulation of cholesterol storage P Any process that decreases the rate or extent of cholesterol storage. Cholesterol storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.
10888 negative regulation of lipid storage P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of lipid storage. Lipid storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of lipids, compounds soluble in organic solvents but insoluble or sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents. Lipid reserves can be accumulated during early developmental stages for mobilization and utilization at later stages of development.
10889 regulation of sequestering of triglyceride P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of sequestering of triglyceride. Triglyceride sequestration is the process of binding or confining any triester of glycerol such that it is separated from other components of a biological system.
10890 positive regulation of sequestering of triglyceride P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of sequestering of triglyceride. Triglyceride sequestration is the process of binding or confining any triester of glycerol such that it is separated from other components of a biological system.
10891 negative regulation of sequestering of triglyceride P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of sequestering of triglyceride. Triglyceride sequestration is the process of binding or confining any triester of glycerol such that it is separated from other components of a biological system.
10892 positive regulation of mitochondrial translation in response to stress P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial translation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.
10893 positive regulation of steroid biosynthetic process P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus.
10894 negative regulation of steroid biosynthetic process P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus.
10895 negative regulation of ergosterol biosynthetic process P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ergosterol.
10896 regulation of triglyceride catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of triglyceride.
10897 negative regulation of triglyceride catabolic process P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of triglyceride.
10898 positive regulation of triglyceride catabolic process P Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of triglyceride.
10899 regulation of phosphatidylcholine catabolic process P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of phosphatidylcholine catabolism. Phosphatidylcholine catabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylcholines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline.
10900 negative regulation of phosphatidylcholine catabolic process P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of phosphatidylcholine catabolism. Phosphatidylcholine catabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylcholines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline.
10901 regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling. Very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling is the acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a very-low-density lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by hepatic lipase or lipoprotein lipase and the subsequent loss of free fatty acid.
10902 positive regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling. Very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling is the acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a very-low-density lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by hepatic lipase or lipoprotein lipase and the subsequent loss of free fatty acid.
10903 negative regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling. Very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling is the acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a very-low-density lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by hepatic lipase or lipoprotein lipase and the subsequent loss of free fatty acid.
10904 regulation of UDP-glucose catabolic process P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of UDP-glucose catabolism. UDP-glucose catabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UDP-glucose, uridinediphosphoglucose, a substance composed of glucose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
10905 negative regulation of UDP-glucose catabolic process P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of UDP-glucose catabolism. UDP-glucose catabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UDP-glucose, uridinediphosphoglucose, a substance composed of glucose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
10906 regulation of glucose metabolic process P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of glucose metabolism. Glucose metabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose.
10907 positive regulation of glucose metabolic process P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of glucose metabolism. Glucose metabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose.
10908 regulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthesis. Heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat unit consisting of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked hexuronic acid and glucosamine residues.
10909 positive regulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthesis. Heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat unit consisting of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked hexuronic acid and glucosamine residues.
10910 positive regulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthesis by positive regulation of epimerase activity P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthesis by an increase in epimerase activity. This epimerase activity catalyzes the reaction that converts D-glucuronate into its diastereoisomer in heparan sulfate.
10911 regulation of isomerase activity P Any process that modulates the activity of an isomerase. An isomerase catalyzes the geometric or structural changes within one molecule. Isomerase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 5.
10912 positive regulation of isomerase activity P Any process that increases the activity of an isomerase. An isomerase catalyzes the geometric or structural changes within one molecule. Isomerase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 5.
10913 regulation of sterigmatocystin biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of sterigmatocystin biosynthesis. Sterigmatocystin biosynthetic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sterigmatocystin, a carcinogenic mycotoxin produced in high yields by strains of the common molds.
10914 positive regulation of sterigmatocystin biosynthetic process P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of sterigmatocystin biosynthesis. Sterigmatocystin biosynthetic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sterigmatocystin, a carcinogenic mycotoxin produced in high yields by strains of the common molds.
10915 regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance. Very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a very-low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.
10916 negative regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance. Very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a very-low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.
10917 negative regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or extent of a mitochondrial membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any mitochondrial membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.
10918 positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or extent of a mitochondrial membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any mitochondrial membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.
10919 regulation of inositol phosphate biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of inositol phosphate biosynthesis. Inositol phosphate biosynthetic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with one or more phosphate groups attached.
10920 negative regulation of inositol phosphate biosynthetic process P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of inositol phosphate biosynthesis. Inositol phosphate biosynthetic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with one or more phosphate groups attached.
10921 regulation of phosphatase activity P Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of phosphatase activity. Phosphatases catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphoric monoesters, releasing inorganic phosphate.
10922 positive regulation of phosphatase activity P Any process that increases the rate or frequency of phosphatase activity. Phosphatases catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphoric monoesters, releasing inorganic phosphate.
10923 negative regulation of phosphatase activity P Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of phosphatase activity. Phosphatases catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphoric monoesters, releasing inorganic phosphate.
10924 regulation of inositol-polyphosphate 5-phosphatase activity P Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of inositol-polyphosphate 5-phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the reactions: D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate + phosphate, and 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate + phosphate.
10925 positive regulation of inositol-polyphosphate 5-phosphatase activity P Any process that increases the rate or frequency of inositol-polyphosphate 5-phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the reactions: D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate + phosphate, and 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate + phosphate.
10927 cellular component assembly involved in morphogenesis P The cellular component assembly that is part of the initial shaping of the component during its developmental progression.
10928 regulation of auxin mediated signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of auxin mediated signaling pathway. Auxin mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated in response to detection of auxin.
10929 positive regulation of auxin mediated signaling pathway P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of auxin mediated signaling pathway. Auxin mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated in response to detection of auxin.
10930 negative regulation of auxin mediated signaling pathway P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of auxin mediated signaling pathway. Auxin mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated in response to detection of auxin.
10931 macrophage tolerance induction P A process involving any mechanism for tolerance induction in macrophages.
10932 regulation of macrophage tolerance induction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of macrophage tolerance induction.
10933 positive regulation of macrophage tolerance induction P Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell tolerance induction.
10934 macrophage cytokine production P The appearance of a macrophage cytokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
10935 regulation of macrophage cytokine production P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage cytokine production. Macrophage cytokine production is the appearance of a chemokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
10936 negative regulation of macrophage cytokine production P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage cytokine production. Macrophage cytokine production is the appearance of a chemokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
10937 regulation of cytoplasmic microtubule depolymerization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic microtubule depolymerization.
10938 cytoplasmic microtubule depolymerization P The removal of tubulin heterodimers from one or both ends of a cytoplasmic microtubule.
10939 regulation of necrotic cell death P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of necrotic cell death. Necrotic cell death is a cell death process that is morphologically characterized by a gain in cell volume (oncosis), swelling of organelles, plasma membrane rupture and subsequent loss of intracellular contents.
10940 positive regulation of necrotic cell death P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of necrotic cell death. Necrotic cell death is a cell death process that is morphologically characterized by a gain in cell volume (oncosis), swelling of organelles, plasma membrane rupture and subsequent loss of intracellular contents.
10941 regulation of cell death P Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of cell death. Cell death is the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death.
10942 positive regulation of cell death P Any process that increases the rate or frequency of cell death. Cell death is the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death.
10943 NADPH pyrophosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H2O = NMNH + ADP.
10944 negative regulation of transcription by competitive promoter binding P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-dependent transcription using a mechanism that involves direct competition for interaction with a promoter binding site.
10945 CoA pyrophosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme A + H2O = 3',5'-ADP + 4'-phosphopantetheine.
10946 regulation of meiotic joint molecule formation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic joint molecule formation. Meiotic joint molecule formation is the conversion of the paired broken DNA and homologous duplex DNA into a four-stranded branched intermediate, known as a joint molecule, formed during meiotic recombination.
10947 negative regulation of meiotic joint molecule formation P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic joint molecule formation. Meiotic joint molecule formation is the conversion of the paired broken DNA and homologous duplex DNA into a four-stranded branched intermediate, known as a joint molecule, formed during meiotic recombination.
10948 negative regulation of cell cycle process P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events.
10949 negative regulation of intestinal phytosterol absorption P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of phytosterols into the blood by absorption from the small intestine.
10950 positive regulation of endopeptidase activity P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of endopeptidase activity, the endohydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins.
10951 negative regulation of endopeptidase activity P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of endopeptidase activity, the endohydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins.
10952 positive regulation of peptidase activity P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of peptidase activity, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins.
10954 positive regulation of protein processing P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage.
10955 negative regulation of protein processing P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage.
10956 negative regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity. Calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity is the catalysis of the reaction: calcidiol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = calcitriol + NADP+ + H2O.
10957 negative regulation of vitamin D biosynthetic process P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a vitamin D biosynthetic process. Vitamin D biosynthesis is the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vitamin D, any of a group of related, fat-soluble compounds that are derived from delta-5,7 steroids and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Specific forms of vitamin D include calciferol (ergocalciferol; vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (calciol; vitamin D3).
10958 regulation of amino acid import P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amino acid import. Amino acid import is the directed movement of amino acids into a cell or organelle.
10959 regulation of metal ion transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of metal ion transport. Metal ion transport is the directed movement of metal ions, any metal ion with an electric charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
10960 magnesium ion homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of magnesium ions within an organism or cell.
10961 cellular magnesium ion homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of magnesium ions at the level of a cell.
10962 regulation of glucan biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of glucan biosynthesis. Glucan biosynthetic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues.
10963 regulation of L-arginine import P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-arginine import. L-arginine import is the directed movement of L-arginine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-5-guanidinopentanoic acid, into a cell or organelle.
10964 regulation of chromatin silencing by small RNA P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin silencing by small RNA. Chromatin silencing by small RNA is the repression of transcription by conversion of large regions of DNA into heterochromatin, directed by small RNAs sharing sequence identity to the repressed region.
10965 regulation of mitotic sister chromatid separation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic sister chromatid separation. Mitotic sister chromatid separation is the process in which sister chromatids are physically detached from each other during mitosis.
10966 regulation of phosphate transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphate transport. Phosphate transport is the directed movement of phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
10967 regulation of polyamine biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of polyamine biosynthesis. Polyamine biosynthesis is the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polyamines, any organic compound containing two or more amino groups.
10968 regulation of microtubule nucleation P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of microtubule nucleation. Microtubule nucleation is the 'de novo' formation of a microtubule, in which tubulin heterodimers form metastable oligomeric aggregates, some of which go on to support formation of a complete microtubule. Microtubule nucleation usually occurs from a specific site within a cell.
10969 regulation of pheromone-dependent signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pheromone-dependent signal transduction during conjugation with cellular fusion, a signal transduction process resulting in the relay, amplification or dampening of a signal generated in response to pheromone exposure in organisms that undergo conjugation with cellular fusion.
10970 transport along microtubule P The movement of organelles or other particles from one location in the cell to another along microtubules, driven by motor activity.
10971 positive regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle P Any process that increases the rate or extent of progression from G2 phase to M phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
10972 negative regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle P Any cell cycle regulatory process that decreases the rate or extent of progression of a cell from G2 to M phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
10973 positive regulation of barrier septum assembly P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of barrier septum formation. Barrier septum formation is the assembly and arrangement of a septum that spans the plasma membrane interface between progeny cells following cytokinesis.
10974 negative regulation of barrier septum assembly P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of barrier septum formation. Barrier septum formation is he assembly and arrangement of a septum that spans the plasma membrane interface between progeny cells following cytokinesis.
10975 regulation of neuron projection development P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites).
10976 positive regulation of neuron projection development P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites).
10977 negative regulation of neuron projection development P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites).
10978 gene silencing involved in chronological cell aging P Any transcriptional or post-transcriptional process, arising in non-dividing cells as they age, carried out at the cellular level that results in long-term gene inactivation.
10979 regulation of vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity. Vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity catalyzes the hydroxylation of C-24 of any form of vitamin D.
10980 positive regulation of vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity. Vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity catalyzes the hydroxylation of C-24 of any form of vitamin D.
10981 regulation of cell wall macromolecule metabolic process P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cell wall macromolecule metabolism. Cell wall macromolecule metabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules forming, or destined to form, part of the cell wall. A cell wall is a rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.
10982 regulation of high-density lipoprotein particle clearance P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of high-density lipoprotein particle clearance. High-density lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a high-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.
10983 positive regulation of high-density lipoprotein particle clearance P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of high-density lipoprotein particle clearance. High-density lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a high-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.
10984 regulation of lipoprotein particle clearance P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of lipoprotein particle clearance. Lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.
10985 negative regulation of lipoprotein particle clearance P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of lipoprotein particle clearance. Lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.
10986 positive regulation of lipoprotein particle clearance P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of lipoprotein particle clearance. Lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.
10987 negative regulation of high-density lipoprotein particle clearance P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of high-density lipoprotein particle clearance. High-density lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a high-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.
10988 regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance. Low-density lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.
10989 negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance. Low-density lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.
10990 regulation of SMAD protein complex assembly P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of SMAD protein complex assembly. SMAD protein complex assembly is the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex that contains SMAD proteins.
10991 negative regulation of SMAD protein complex assembly P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of SMAD protein complex assembly. SMAD protein complex assembly is the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex that contains SMAD proteins.
10992 ubiquitin homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of ubiquitin monomers and free ubiquitin chains at the level of the cell.
10993 regulation of ubiquitin homeostasis P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of ubiquitin homeostasis. Ubiquitin homeostasis is any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of ubiquitin monomers and free ubiquitin chains at the level of the cell.
10994 free ubiquitin chain polymerization P The process of creating free ubiquitin chains, compounds composed of a large number of ubiquitin monomers. These chains are not conjugated to a protein.
10995 free ubiquitin chain depolymerization P The process in which free ubiquitin chains, compounds composed of a large number of ubiquitin monomers, are broken down.
10996 response to auditory stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an auditory stimulus.
10997 anaphase-promoting complex binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an anaphase-promoting complex. A ubiquitin ligase complex that degrades mitotic cyclins and anaphase inhibitory protein, thereby triggering sister chromatid separation and exit from mitosis.
10998 regulation of translational initiation by eIF2 alpha phosphorylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation in response to stress by the phosphorylation of eIF2 alpha.
10999 regulation of eIF2 alpha phosphorylation by heme P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of eIF2 alpha phosphorylation as a result of heme levels.
11000 replication fork arrest at mating type locus P A process that impedes the progress of the DNA replication fork at natural replication fork pausing sites within the mating type locus.
12501 programmed cell death P A process which begins when a cell receives an internal or external signal and activates a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway). The process ends with the death of the cell.
12502 induction of programmed cell death P A process which directly activates any of the steps required for programmed cell death.
12505 endomembrane system C A collection of membranous structures involved in transport within the cell. The main components of the endomembrane system are endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, vesicles, cell membrane and nuclear envelope. Members of the endomembrane system pass materials through each other or though the use of vesicles.
12506 vesicle membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding any membrane-bounded vesicle in the cell.
12507 ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle transporting substances from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi.
12508 Golgi to ER transport vesicle membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle transporting substances from the Golgi to the ER.
12509 inter-Golgi transport vesicle membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle transporting substances within the Golgi.
12510 trans-Golgi network transport vesicle membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle transporting substances between the trans-Golgi network and other parts of the cell.
12511 monolayer-surrounded lipid storage body C A subcellular organelle of plant cells surrounded by 'half-unit' or a monolayer membrane instead of the more usual bilayer. The storage body has a droplet of triglyceride surrounded by a monolayer of phospholipids, interacting with the triglycerides and the hydrophilic head groups facing the cytosol, and containing major protein components called oleosins.
14001 sclerenchyma cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a sclerenchyma cell. A sclerenchyma cell is a plant cell with thick lignified walls, normally dead at maturity and specialized for structural strength. Includes fiber cells, that are greatly elongated; and sclereids, that are more isodiametric. Intermediate types exist. Cells may or may not be devoid of protoplasm at maturity. Cell form and size are variable.
14002 astrocyte development P The process aimed at the progression of an astrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. An astrocyte is the most abundant type of glial cell. Astrocytes provide support for neurons and regulate the environment in which they function.
14003 oligodendrocyte development P The process aimed at the progression of an oligodendrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. An oligodendrocyte is a type of glial cell involved in myelinating the axons in the central nervous system.
14004 microglia differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a microglial cell. Microglia are glial cells that act as the immune cells of the central nervous system. They form part of the supporting structure of this system.
14005 microglia development P The process aimed at the progression of a microglial cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
14006 regulation of microglia differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microglia differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a microglial cell.
14007 negative regulation of microglia differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microglia differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a microglial cell.
14008 positive regulation of microglia differentiation P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microglia differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a microglial cell.
14009 glial cell proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of glial cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Glial cells exist throughout the nervous system, and include Schwann cells, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes among others.
14010 Schwann cell proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of Schwann cells, resulting in the expansion of their population. Schwann cells are a type of glial cell in the peripheral nervous system.
14011 Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration P The multiplication or reproduction of Schwann cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population in response to an axonal lesion. The newly generated Schwann cells support subsequent axon regeneration in the peripheral nervous system.
14012 peripheral nervous system axon regeneration P The regrowth of axons outside the central nervous system (outside the brain and spinal cord) following an axonal injury.
14013 regulation of gliogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gliogenesis, the formation of mature glia.
14014 negative regulation of gliogenesis P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gliogenesis, the formation of mature glia.
14015 positive regulation of gliogenesis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gliogenesis, the formation of mature glia.
14016 neuroblast differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuroblast. There are at least four stages through which the pluripotent cells of epiblast or blastula become neuroblasts.
14017 neuroblast fate commitment P The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will differentiate into a neuroblast.
14018 neuroblast fate specification P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neuroblast in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
14019 neuroblast development P The process aimed at the progression of a neuroblast over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific state, to the mature neuroblast. It does not include processes where the neuroblast turns into a glial cell or a neuron.
14020 primary neural tube formation P The formation of the neural tube from an epithelial cell sheet (the neuroepithelium or neural plate). In primary neurulation, the cells surrounding the neural plate direct the neural plate cells to proliferate, invaginate, and pinch off from the surface to form a hollow epithelial tube. Primary neurulation is the typical mechanism of formation of the anterior neural tube.
14021 secondary neural tube formation P The formation of the neural tube by coalescence of mesenchymal cells followed by their conversion to epithelial cells to form a solid cord that subsequently hollows out (cavitates) to create a hollow tube. Secondary neurulation is the typical mechanism of formation of the neural tube posterior to the posterior neuropore in mammals.
14022 neural plate elongation P The process in which the neural plate is shaped by the intrinsic movement of the epidermal and neural plate regions.
14023 neural rod formation P The formation of a solid rod of neurectoderm derived from the neural keel. The neural rod is roughly circular in cross section. Neural rod formation occurs during primary neurulation in teleosts.
14024 neural rod cavitation P The process of rod cavitation, which is the formation of a lumen in the neural rod during primary neurulation, producing the neural tube.
14025 neural keel formation P The formation of a thickened region of the neurectoderm that is roughly triangular in cross section. The neural keel develops from the neural plate and develops into the neural rod. Neural keel formation occurs during primary neurulation in teleosts.
14027 secondary neural tube rod cavitation P The process of medullary cavitation, which is the formation of a lumen in the medullary cord during secondary neurulation, producing the neural tube.
14028 notochord formation P The formation of the notochord from the chordamesoderm. The notochord is composed of large cells packed within a firm connective tissue sheath and is found in all chordates at the ventral surface of the neural tube. In vertebrates, the notochord contributes to the vertebral column.
14029 neural crest formation P The formation of the specialized region of ectoderm between the neural ectoderm (neural plate) and non-neural ectoderm. The neural crest gives rise to the neural crest cells that migrate away from this region as neural tube formation procedes.
14030 mesenchymal cell fate commitment P The process in which a cell becomes committed to become a mesenchymal cell.
14031 mesenchymal cell development P The process aimed at the progression of a mesenchymal cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
14032 neural crest cell development P The process aimed at the progression of a neural crest cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
14033 neural crest cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neural crest cell.
14034 neural crest cell fate commitment P The process in which a cell becomes committed to become a neural crest cell.
14035 neural crest cell fate determination P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neural crest cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
14036 neural crest cell fate specification P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neural crest cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
14037 Schwann cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a Schwann cell. Schwann cells are found in the peripheral nervous system, where they insulate neurons and axons, and regulate the environment in which neurons function.
14038 regulation of Schwann cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell differentiation.
14039 negative regulation of Schwann cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell differentiation.
14040 positive regulation of Schwann cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell differentiation.
14041 regulation of neuron maturation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron maturation, the process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a neuron. This process is independent of morphogenetic change.
14042 positive regulation of neuron maturation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron maturation.
14043 negative regulation of neuron maturation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron maturation.
14044 Schwann cell development P The process aimed at the progression of a Schwann cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. Schwann cells are found in the peripheral nervous system, where they insulate neurons and axons, and regulate the environment in which neurons function.
14045 establishment of endothelial blood-brain barrier P Establishment of the endothelial barrier between the blood and the brain. The endothelial cells in the brain capillaries are packed tightly together preventing the passage of most molecules from the blood into the brain. Only lipid soluble molecules or those that are actively transported can pass through the blood-brain barrier.
14046 dopamine secretion P The regulated release of dopamine by a cell. Dopamine is a catecholamine and a precursor of adrenaline and noradrenaline. It acts as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system but it is also produced peripherally and acts as a hormone.
14047 glutamate secretion P The controlled release of glutamate by a cell. The glutamate is the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the nervous system.
14048 regulation of glutamate secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of glutamate.
14049 positive regulation of glutamate secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of glutamate.
14050 negative regulation of glutamate secretion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of glutamate.
14051 gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion P The regulated release of gamma-aminobutyric acid by a cell or a tissue. The gamma-aminobutyric acid is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain but is also found in several extraneural tissues.
14052 regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of gamma-aminobutyric acid.
14053 negative regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of gamma-aminobutyric acid.
14054 positive regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of gamma-aminobutyric acid.
14055 acetylcholine secretion, neurotransmission P The regulated release of acetylcholine by a cell. The acetylcholine acts as a neurotransmitter that acts in both the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS).
14056 regulation of acetylcholine secretion, neurotransmission P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of acetylcholine.
14057 positive regulation of acetylcholine secretion, neurotransmission P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of acetylcholine.
14058 negative regulation of acetylcholine secretion, neurotransmission P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of acetylcholine.
14059 regulation of dopamine secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of dopamine.
14060 regulation of epinephrine secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of epinephrine.
14061 regulation of norepinephrine secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of norepinephrine.
14062 regulation of serotonin secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of serotonin.
14063 negative regulation of serotonin secretion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of serotonin.
14064 positive regulation of serotonin secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of serotonin.
14065 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling P A series of reactions within the signal-receiving cell, mediated by the intracellular phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). Many cell surface receptor linked signaling pathways signal through PI3K to regulate numerous cellular functions.
14066 regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade.
14067 negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade.
14068 positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade.
14069 postsynaptic density C An electron dense network of proteins within and adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane in asymetric synapses. Its major components include neurotransmitter receptors and the proteins that spatially and functionally organize them such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components.
14070 response to organic cyclic compound P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus.
14071 response to cycloalkane P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cycloalkane stimulus. A cycloalkane is a cyclic saturated hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n.
14072 response to isoquinoline alkaloid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an isoquinoline alkaloid stimulus. An isoquinoline alkaloid is any member of a group of compounds with the heterocyclic ring structure of benzo(c)pyridine which is a structure characteristic of the group of opium alkaloids.
14073 response to tropane P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tropane stimulus. Tropane is a nitrogenous bicyclic organic compound mainly known for a group of alkaloids derived from it (called tropane alkaloids), which include, among others, atropine and cocaine.
14074 response to purine-containing compound P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a purine-containing compound stimulus.
14075 response to amine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amine stimulus. An amine is a compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups.
14076 response to fluoxetine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fluoxetine stimulus. Fluoxetine increases the extracellular level of the neurotransmitter serotonin by inhibiting its reuptake into the presynaptic cell, increasing the level of serotonin available to bind to the postsynaptic receptor.
14701 junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane C The part of the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane that contains calcium release channels, is devoted to calcium release and is juxtaposed to transverse tubule membrane. The junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane consists of the junctional region of the terminal cisterna membrane.
14702 free sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane C The part of the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane that contains calcium pumps and is devoted to calcium uptake. The free sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane consists of the longitudinal sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane and the non-junctional region of the terminal cisterna membrane.
14703 oscillatory muscle contraction P A process in which force is generated within oscillatory skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Oscillatory muscle contraction occurs in insect wing muscles and is characterized by asynchrony between action potential and contraction and by stretch activation.
14704 intercalated disc C A complex cell-cell junction at which myofibrils terminate in cardiomyocytes; mediates mechanical and electrochemical integration between individual cardiomyocytes. The intercalated disc contains regions of tight mechanical attachment (fasciae adherentes and desmosomes) and electrical coupling (gap junctions) between adjacent cells.
14705 C zone C A region of the A band in which myosin-binding protein C is located and that can be seen by electron microscopy. This is a functional zone that also includes myosin.
14706 striated muscle tissue development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a striated muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Striated muscle contain fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and skeletal muscle are types of striated muscle. Skeletal muscle myoblasts fuse to form myotubes and eventually multinucleated muscle fibers. The fusion of cardiac cells is very rare and can only form binucleate cells.
14707 branchiomeric skeletal muscle development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the branchiomeric skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The branchiomeric muscle is derived from cranial mesoderm and controls facial expression, pharyngeal and laryngeal function, operating the jaw. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle. Branchiomeric muscles of mammals correspond to the gill musculature of fish.
14708 regulation of somitomeric trunk muscle development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of somitomeric trunk muscle development.
14709 positive regulation of somitomeric trunk muscle development P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of somitomeric trunk muscle development. The somitomeric trunk muscle is derived from somitomeric mesoderm. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle.
14710 negative regulation of somitomeric trunk muscle development P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of somitomeric trunk muscle development. The somitomeric trunk muscle is derived from somitomeric mesoderm. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle.
14711 regulation of branchiomeric skeletal muscle development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of branchiomeric skeletal muscle development. Branchiomeric skeletal muscle development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the branchiomeric skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
14712 positive regulation of branchiomeric skeletal muscle development P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of branchiomeric skeletal muscle development. Branchiomeric skeletal muscle development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the branchiomeric skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
14713 negative regulation of branchiomeric skeletal muscle development P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of branchiomeric skeletal muscle development. Branchiomeric skeletal muscle development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the branchiomeric skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
14714 myoblast fate commitment in head P The process, taking place in the head, whereby the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a myoblast. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
14715 myoblast fate commitment in trunk P The process taking place in the trunk whereby the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a myoblast. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
14716 skeletal muscle satellite stem cell asymmetric division involved in skeletal muscle regeneration P Skeletal muscle satellite cell asymmetric division that occurs during a process in which damaged muscle tissue is being rebuilt.
14717 regulation of satellite cell activation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of satellite cell activation. The satellite cell activation is the process that initiates satellite cell division by causing it to move from quiescence to the G1 stage of the cell cycle. The cell swells and there are a number of other small changes. The cells then start to divide. Following cell division the cells will differentiate.
14718 positive regulation of satellite cell activation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activation of satellite cell involved in skeletal muscle regeneration. The activation of satellite cell is the process that initiates satellite cell division by causing it to move from quiescence to the G1 stage of the cell cycle. The cell swells and there are a number of other small changes. The cells then start to divide. Following cell division the cells will differentiate.
14719 skeletal muscle satellite cell activation P The change of a skeletal muscle satellite cell from a mitotically quiescent to a mitotically active state following exposure to some activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand. In adult muscle, satellite cells become activated to divide and differentiate in response to muscle damage.
14720 tonic skeletal muscle contraction P A process in which force is generated within tonic skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The tonic skeletal muscle is characterized by long lasting contractile responses and high resistance to fatigue.
14721 twitch skeletal muscle contraction P A process in which force is generated within twitch skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The twitch skeletal muscle responds to neurostimulations with a contraction followed by a relaxation.
14722 regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by calcium ion signaling P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction by changing the calcium ion signals that trigger contraction.
14723 regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by modulation of calcium ion sensitivity of myofibril P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction by changing calcium ion binding affinity of the myofibril.
14724 regulation of twitch skeletal muscle contraction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of twitch skeletal muscle contraction.
14725 regulation of extraocular skeletal muscle development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extraocular skeletal muscle development. Extraocular skeletal muscle development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the extraocular skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The extraocular muscle is derived from cranial mesoderm and controls eye movements. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle.
14726 negative regulation of extraocular skeletal muscle development P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extraocular skeletal muscle development. Extraocular skeletal muscle development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the extraocular skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The extraocular muscle is derived from cranial mesoderm and controls eye movements. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle.
14727 positive regulation of extraocular skeletal muscle development P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extraocular skeletal muscle development. Extraocular skeletal muscle development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the extraocular skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The extraocular muscle is derived from cranial mesoderm and controls eye movements. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle.
14728 regulation of the force of skeletal muscle contraction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the force of skeletal muscle contraction. The force of skeletal muscle contraction is produced by acto-myosin interaction processes through the formation of cross bridges.
14729 regulation of the velocity of shortening of skeletal muscle modulating contraction P Any process that modulates velocity of shortening of a skeletal muscle contraction. The shortening leads to reduction of the length of muscle fibers and sarcomeres.
14730 skeletal muscle regeneration at neuromuscular junction P The regrowth of muscle tissue to repair injured or damaged muscle fibers in the postnatal stage at the neuromuscular junction. Regeneration of neuromuscular junctions occurs in an orderly way and relies on communication between nerve and muscle. Skeletal myofibers regenerate after injury and form neuro-muscular junctions with motor axons similar to normal ones. Regenerating myofibers develop within the basal lamina sheaths (satellite cells) of original myofibers.
14731 spectrin-associated cytoskeleton C The part of the cytoskeleton composed of spectrin, protein 4.1 and ankyrin. Spectrin-associated cytoskeleton is associated with the plasma membrane.
14732 skeletal muscle atrophy P A process, occurring in skeletal muscle, that is characterized by a decrease in protein content, fiber diameter, force production and fatigue resistance in response to different conditions such as starvation, aging and disuse.
14733 regulation of skeletal muscle adaptation P Any process in which skeletal muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors. These adaptive events occur in both muscle fibers and associated structures (motoneurons and capillaries), and they involve alterations in regulatory mechanisms, contractile properties and metabolic capacities.
14734 skeletal muscle hypertrophy P The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of an organ due to an increase in size (not length) of individual muscle fibers without cell division. In the case of skeletal muscle cells this happens due to the additional synthesis of sarcomeric proteins and assembly of myofibrils.
14735 regulation of muscle atrophy P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle atrophy.
14736 negative regulation of muscle atrophy P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of muscle atrophy.
14737 positive regulation of muscle atrophy P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle atrophy.
14738 regulation of muscle hyperplasia P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle hyperplasia.
14739 positive regulation of muscle hyperplasia P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle hyperplasia.
14740 negative regulation of muscle hyperplasia P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of muscle hyperplasia.
14741 negative regulation of muscle hypertrophy P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of muscle hypertrophy.
14742 positive regulation of muscle hypertrophy P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle hypertrophy.
14743 regulation of muscle hypertrophy P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle hypertrophy.
14744 positive regulation of muscle adaptation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle adaptation.
14745 negative regulation of muscle adaptation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of muscle adaptation.
14746 regulation of tonic skeletal muscle contraction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tonic skeletal muscle contraction.
14747 positive regulation of tonic skeletal muscle contraction P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tonic skeletal muscle contraction.
14748 negative regulation of tonic skeletal muscle contraction P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tonic skeletal muscle contraction.
14801 longitudinal sarcoplasmic reticulum C The portion of the free sarcoplasmic reticulum consisting of longitudinal tubules that connect terminal cisternae.
14802 terminal cisterna C The portion of sarcoplasmic reticulum devoted to calcium ion storage and calcium ion release.
14803 longitudinal sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen C The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of the longitudinal sarcoplasmic reticulum envelope. The longitudinal sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen is continuous with the lumen contained within the terminal cisternae.
14804 terminal cisterna lumen C The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of the terminal cisterna envelope. This space is enriched in calsequestrin.
14805 smooth muscle adaptation P Any process in which smooth muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors. These adaptive events occur in both muscle fibers and associated structures (motoneurons and capillaries), and they involve alterations in regulatory mechanisms, contractile properties and metabolic capacities.
14806 smooth muscle hyperplasia P A process, occurring in smooth muscle, in which there is an increase in cell number by cell division, often leading to an increase in the size of an organ.
14807 regulation of somitogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of somitogenesis.
14808 release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by sarcoplasmic reticulum P The process in which the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol occurs via calcium release channels.
14809 regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction via the regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is the endoplasmic reticulum of striated muscle, specialised for the sequestration of calcium ions that are released upon receipt of a signal relayed by the T tubules from the neuromuscular junction.
14810 positive regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction via the regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is the endoplasmic reticulum of striated muscle, specialised for the sequestration of calcium ions that are released upon receipt of a signal relayed by the T tubules from the neuromuscular junction.
14811 negative regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction via the regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is the endoplasmic reticulum of striated muscle, specialised for the sequestration of calcium ions that are released upon receipt of a signal relayed by the T tubules from the neuromuscular junction.
14812 muscle cell migration P The orderly movement of a muscle cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism.
14813 skeletal muscle satellite cell commitment P The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a satellite cell.
14814 axon regeneration at neuromuscular junction P The regrowth of axons following their loss or damage at the neuromuscular junction. Motor axons regenerate after injury and they form neuro-muscular junctions with skeletal myofibers similar to normal ones.
14815 initiation of skeletal muscle satellite cell activation by growth factor signalling, involved in skeletal muscle regeneration P Signalling between growth factors and their receptors that results in the activation of satellite cell, where this process is involved in skeletal muscle regeneration. Satellite cells are quiescent cells that are located between the basal lamina and the plasmalemma of the muscle fiber, which are the main contributors to postnatal muscle growth. In adult muscle, satellite cells become activated to divide and differentiate in response to muscle damage.
14816 skeletal muscle satellite cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a satellite cell.
14817 skeletal muscle satellite cell fate specification P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a skeletal muscle satellite cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
14818 skeletal muscle satellite cell fate determination P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a skeletal muscle satellite cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
14819 regulation of skeletal muscle contraction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction.
14820 tonic smooth muscle contraction P A process in which force is generated within tonic smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. In the tonic smooth muscle, the muscle contraction occurs without an ordered sarcomeric structure. Tonic smooth muscle contraction occurs as a sustained continuous contraction.
14821 phasic smooth muscle contraction P A process in which force is generated within phasic smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. In the phasic smooth muscle, the muscle contraction occurs without an ordered sarcomeric structure. Phasic smooth muscle contraction occurs in a series of discrete contractions and relaxations.
14822 detection of wounding P The series of events by which an injury stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
14823 response to activity P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an activity stimulus.
14824 artery smooth muscle contraction P A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the artery. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The artery is a vessel carrying blood away from the heart.
14825 stomach fundus smooth muscle contraction P A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the fundus of stomach. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The fundus is the portion of the stomach that lies above the cardiac notch.
14826 vein smooth muscle contraction P A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the vein. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The vein is a vessel carrying blood away from the capillary beds.
14827 intestine smooth muscle contraction P A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the intestine. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The intestine is the section of the alimentary canal from the stomach to the anal canal. It includes the large intestine and small intestine.
14828 distal stomach smooth muscle contraction P A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the distal stomach. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The distal stomach is composed of the lower body and antrum and develops strong peristaltic phasic contractions that increase in amplitude as they propagate toward the pylorus.
14829 vascular smooth muscle contraction P A process, occurring in the vascular tissue, whereby actin/myosin complex activity generates force through ATP hydrolysis resulting in a change in smooth muscle geometry. This process is always coupled to chemo-mechanical energy conversion.
14830 arteriole smooth muscle contraction P A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the arteriole. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The arteriole is the smallest division of the artery located between the muscular arteries and the capillaries.
14831 gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction P A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the gastro-intestinal system. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The gastro-intestinal system generally refers to the digestive structures stretching from the mouth to anus, but does not include the accessory glandular organs (liver, pancreas and biliary tract).
14832 urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction P A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the urinary bladder. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The urinary bladder is a musculomembranous sac along the urinary tract.
14833 skeletal muscle satellite stem cell asymmetric division P The asymmetric division of a skeletal muscle satellite stem cell to produce two daughter cells, one of which is destined to differentiate and the other to be a quiescent cell that restocks the satellite cell pool.
14834 skeletal muscle satellite cell maintenance involved in skeletal muscle regeneration P Any process by which the number of skeletal muscle satellite cells in a skeletal muscle is maintained during muscle regeneration. There are at least three mechanisms by which this is achieved. Skeletal muscle satellite stem cell asymmetric division ensures satellite stem cell numbers are kept constant. Symmetric division of these cells amplifies the number of skeletal muscle satellite stem cells. Some adult skeletal muscle myoblasts (descendants of activated satellite cells) can develop back into quiescent satellite cells, replenishing the overall pool of satellite cells.
14835 myoblast differentiation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration P The process in which a relatively unspecialized satellite cell acquires specialized features of a myoblast. This occurs as part of skeletal muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
14836 myoblast fate commitment involved in skeletal muscle regeneration P The process in which the developmental fate of a satellite cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a myoblast. This occurs as part of skeletal muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
14837 myoblast fate determination involved in skeletal muscle regeneration P The process in which a satellite cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a myoblast regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. This occurs as part of skeletal muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
14838 myoblast fate specification involved in skeletal muscle regeneration P The process in which a satellite cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a myoblast in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. This occurs as part of skeletal muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
14839 myoblast migration involved in skeletal muscle regeneration P The process in which a myoblast migrates along an entire fiber to the site of injury. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
14841 skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of satellite cells, resulting in the expansion of the cell population. Satellite cells are quiescent cells that are located between the basal lamina and the plasmalemma of the muscle fiber, which are the main contributors to postnatal muscle growth. In adult muscle, satellite cells become activated to divide and differentiate in response to muscle damage.
14842 regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation.
14843 growth factor dependent regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of satellite cell proliferation; dependent on specific growth factor activity such as fibroblast growth factors and transforming growth factor beta.
14844 myoblast proliferation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration P The multiplication or reproduction of myoblasts, resulting in the expansion of the cell population. This occurs as part of skeletal muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
14845 stomach body smooth muscle contraction P A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the body of stomach. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The body of stomach is the part of the stomach that lies between the fundus above and the pyloric antrum below; its boundaries are poorly defined.
14846 esophagus smooth muscle contraction P A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the esophagus. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The esophagus is the muscular membranous segment between the pharynx and the stomach in the upper gastrointestinal tract.
14847 proximal stomach smooth muscle contraction P A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the proximal stomach. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The proximal stomach, composed of the fundus and upper body, shows low frequency, sustained tonic contractions that are responsible for generating a basal pressure within the stomach.
14848 urinary tract smooth muscle contraction P A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the urinary tract. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The urinary tract consists of organs of the body that produce and discharge urine. These include the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
14849 ureter smooth muscle contraction P A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the ureter. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The ureter is one of a pair of thick-walled tubes that transports urine from the kidney pelvis to the urinary bladder.
14850 response to muscle activity P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muscle activity stimulus.
14852 regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by neural stimulation via neuromuscular junction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction by variation of the pattern of stimulation by nervous system.
14853 regulation of excitatory postsynaptic membrane potential involved in skeletal muscle contraction P Any process, involved in skeletal muscle contraction, that modulates the establishment or extent of the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP). Excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) is a temporay increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an EPSP is an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and makes it easier for the neuron to fire an action potential.
14854 response to inactivity P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an inactivity stimulus.
14855 striated muscle cell proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of striated muscle cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Striated muscles contain fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and skeletal muscle are types of striated muscle.
14856 skeletal muscle cell proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of skeletal muscle cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
14857 regulation of skeletal muscle cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell proliferation.
14858 positive regulation of skeletal muscle cell proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell proliferation.
14859 negative regulation of skeletal muscle cell proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell proliferation.
14860 neurotransmitter secretion involved in regulation of skeletal muscle contraction P The regulated release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft involved in skeletal muscle contraction. A neurotransmitter is any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell. Among the many substances that have the properties of a neurotransmitter are acetylcholine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine, glycine, gamma aminobutyrate, glutamic acid, substance P, enkephalins, endorphins and serotonin.
14861 regulation of skeletal muscle contraction via regulation of action potential P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction by depolarization of muscle membrane and ionic fluxes.
14862 regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by chemo-mechanical energy conversion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction by regulating force and velocity of shortening. The force of skeletal muscle contraction is produced by acto-myosin interaction processes through formation of cross bridges. The shortening leads to reduction of length of muscle fiber and sarcomeres.
14863 detection of inactivity P The series of events in which a inactivity stimulus is received by a cell or organism and converted into a molecular signal.
14864 detection of muscle activity P The series of events in which a muscle activity stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
14865 detection of activity P The series of events in which an activity stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
14866 skeletal myofibril assembly P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeletal myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A skeletal myofibril is a myofibril specific to skeletal muscle cells.
14868 cross bridge cycling involved in regulation of the velocity of shortening in skeletal muscle contraction P A process in which cross bridges are broken and reformed during filament sliding as part of the regulation of the velocity of shortening in skeletal muscle contraction.
14869 detection of muscle inactivity P The series of events in which a muscle inactivity stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
14870 response to muscle inactivity P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muscle inactivity stimulus.
14871 cross bridge formation involved in regulation of the velocity of shortening in skeletal muscle contraction P The process in which actin and myosin interact, split ATP and generate force during skeletal muscle contraction. This process is one of the components of the regulation of the force of skeletal muscle contraction.
14872 myoblast division P The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a myoblast into daughter cells. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
14873 response to muscle activity involved in regulation of muscle adaptation P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muscle activity stimulus. This process occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.
14874 response to stimulus involved in regulation of muscle adaptation P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. This occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.
14875 detection of muscle activity involved in regulation of muscle adaptation P The series of events by which a muscle activity stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. This occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.
14876 response to injury involved in regulation of muscle adaptation P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a injury. This process occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.
14877 response to muscle inactivity involved in regulation of muscle adaptation P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muscle inactivity stimulus. This process occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.
14878 response to electrical stimulus involved in regulation of muscle adaptation P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electrical stimulus. This process occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.
14879 detection of electrical stimulus involved in regulation of muscle adaptation P The series of events by which an electrical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. This occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.
14880 regulation of muscle filament sliding involved in regulation of the velocity of shortening in skeletal muscle contraction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle filament sliding, and consequently contributes to the regulation of the velocity of shortening of skeletal muscle contraction.
14881 regulation of myofibril size P Any process that modulates the size of myofibrils. A myofibril is the contractile element of skeletal and cardiac muscle. It is a long, highly organized bundle of actin, myosin, and other proteins that contracts by a sliding filament mechanism.
14882 regulation of myofibril number P Any process that modulates the number of myofibrils. A myofibril is the contractile element of skeletal and cardiac muscle. It is a long, highly organized bundle of actin, myosin, and other proteins that contracts by a sliding filament mechanism.
14883 transition between fast and slow fiber P The process of conversion of fast-contracting muscle fibers to a slower character. This may involve slowing of contractile rate, slow myosin gene induction, increase in oxidative metabolic properties, altered electrophysiology and altered innervation. This process also regulates skeletal muscle adapatation.
14884 detection of muscle inactivity involved in regulation of muscle adaptation P The series of events in which a muscle inactivity stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. This occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.
14885 detection of injury involved in regulation of muscle adaptation P The series of events by which an injury stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. This occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.
14886 transition between slow and fast fiber P The process of conversion of slow-contracting muscle fibers to a faster character. This may involve increasing of contractile rate, fast myosin gene induction, increase in glycolytic metabolic properties, altered electrophysiology and altered innervation. This process also regulates skeletal muscle adapatation.
14887 cardiac muscle adaptation P The process in which cardiac muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors.
14888 striated muscle adaptation P Any process in which striated muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors. These adaptive events occur in both muscle fibers and associated structures (motoneurons and capillaries), and they involve alterations in regulatory mechanisms, contractile properties and metabolic capacities.
14889 muscle atrophy P A process, occurring in the muscle, that is characterized by a decrease in protein content, fiber diameter, force production and fatigue resistance in response to different conditions such as starvation, aging and disuse.
14890 smooth muscle atrophy P A process, occurring in smooth muscle, that is characterized by a decrease in protein content, fiber diameter, force production and fatigue resistance in response to different conditions such as starvation, aging and disuse.
14891 striated muscle atrophy P A process, occurring in striated muscle, that is characterized by a decrease in protein content, fiber diameter, force production and fatigue resistance in response to different conditions such as starvation, aging and disuse.
14893 response to rest involved in regulation of muscle adaptation P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a rest stimulus. This process occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.
14894 response to denervation involved in regulation of muscle adaptation P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a denervation stimulus. This process occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.
14895 smooth muscle hypertrophy P The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of an organ due to an increase in size of its smooth muscle cells without cell division. Physiological hypertrophy is a normal process during development, and can also occur in mature structures on demand. In the uterus, smooth muscle cells undergo hypertrophy during pregnancy.
14896 muscle hypertrophy P The muscle system process that results in enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of a muscle organ due to an increase in the size of its muscle cells. Physiological hypertrophy is a normal process during development (it stops in cardiac muscle after adolescence) and can also be brought on in response to demand. In athletes cardiac and skeletal muscles undergo hypertrophy stimulated by increasing muscle activity on exercise. Smooth muscle cells in the uterus undergo hypertrophy during pregnancy.
14897 striated muscle hypertrophy P The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of an organ due to an increase in size of muscle cells without cell division. In the case of striated muscle, this happens due to the additional synthesis of sarcomeric proteins and assembly of myofibrils.
14898 cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress P The physiological enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart muscle due to an increase in size (not length) of individual cardiac muscle fibers, without cell division, as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis.
14899 cardiac muscle atrophy P A process, occurring in the heart, in which a decrease in cell mass and then in heart size occurs due to shrinking of the individual cells. The shrinkage is caused by protein degradation.
14900 muscle hyperplasia P A muscle system process that results in an increase in cell number by cell division, often leading to an increase in the size of an organ.
14901 satellite cell activation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration P The process that initiates skeletal muscle satellite cell division by causing it to move from quiescence to the G1 stage of the cell cycle. The cell swells and there are a number of other small changes. The cells then start to divide. Following cell division the cells will differentiate. In adult muscle, satellite cells become activated to divide and differentiate in response to muscle damage.
14902 myotube differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotube differentiation starts with myoblast fusion and the appearance of specific cell markers (this is the cell development step). Then individual myotubes can fuse to form bigger myotubes and start to contract. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.
14904 myotube cell development P The process aimed at the progression of a myotube cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.
14905 myoblast fusion involved in skeletal muscle regeneration P A process in which non-proliferating myoblasts, after migrating to the site of injury, fuse into existing damaged fibers or fuse to myotubes to form new fibers, as part of the process of skeletal muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
14906 myotube cell development involved in skeletal muscle regeneration P The process aimed at the progression of a myotube cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. This occurs as part of the process of skeletal muscle regeneration. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.
14908 myotube differentiation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotube differentiation starts with myoblast fusion and the appearance of specific cell markers (this is the cell development step). Then individual myotubes can fuse to form bigger myotubes and start to contract. This process occurs as part of the process of skeletal muscle regeneration. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.
14909 smooth muscle cell migration P The orderly movement of a smooth muscle cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism.
14910 regulation of smooth muscle cell migration P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell migration.
14911 positive regulation of smooth muscle cell migration P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell migration.
14912 negative regulation of smooth muscle cell migration P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell migration.
14914 myoblast maturation involved in muscle regeneration P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a myoblast cell to attain its fully functional state involved in muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
14915 regulation of muscle filament sliding speed involved in regulation of the velocity of shortening in skeletal muscle contraction P Any process that modulates the velocity of muscle filament sliding, and consequently contributes to the regulation of the velocity of shortening of skeletal muscle contraction.
14916 regulation of lung blood pressure P The process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the lungs. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure.
15002 heme-copper terminal oxidase activity F Catalysis of the four-electron reduction of dioxygen (O2) to water, coupled to generation of a proton electrochemical gradient across a membrane.
15009 corrin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving corrin, C19H22N4, the fundamental heterocyclic skeleton of the corrinoids. It consists of four reduced pyrrole rings joined into a macrocyclic ring. Corrin is the core of the vitamin B12 molecule.
15010 tetrahydrocorphin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrahydrocorphins, tetrapyrroles that combine the structural elements of both porphyrins and corrins.
15011 nickel-tetrapyrrole coenzyme metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving an enzyme cofactor consisting of a tetrapyrrole structure containing nickel, such as the F-430 cofactor found in methyl-coenzyme M reductase.
15012 heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat unit consisting of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked hexuronic acid and glucosamine residues; the former are a mixture of sulfated and nonsulfated D-glucuronic acid and L-iduronic acid; the L-iduronic acid is either sulfated or acetylated on its amino group as well as being sulfated on one of its hydroxyl groups; heparan sulfate chains are covalently linked to peptidyl-serine by a glycosidic attachment through the trisaccharide galactosyl-galactosyl-xylosyl to serine residues.
15013 heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process, linkage to polypeptide P The polymerization of one or more heparan sulfate chains via a xylose link onto serine residues in the core protein of a proteoglycan.
15014 heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process, polysaccharide chain biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharide chain component of heparan sulfate proteoglycan.
15015 heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process, enzymatic modification P The modification, often by sulfation, of sugars incorporated into heparan sulfate after polymerization.
15016 [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine N-sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + [heparan sulfate]-N-sulfoglucosamine.
15018 galactosylgalactosylxylosylprotein 3-beta-glucuronosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucuronate + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-4-beta-D-galactosyl-O-beta-D-xylosylprotein = UDP + 3-beta-D-glucuronosyl-3-beta-D-galactosyl-4-beta-D-galactosyl-O-beta-D-xylosylprotein.
15019 heparan-alpha-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + heparan alpha-D-glucosaminide = CoA + heparan N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminide.
15020 glucuronosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucuronate + acceptor = UDP + acceptor beta-D-glucuronoside.
15021 heparin-sulfate lyase activity F Catalysis of the elimination of sulfate; appears to act on linkages between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and uronate. Product is an unsaturated sugar.
15024 glucuronate-2-sulfatase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 2-sulfate groups of the 2-O-sulfo-D-glucuronate residues of chondroitin sulfate, heparin and heparitin sulfate.
15026 coreceptor activity F Combining with an extracellular or intracellular messenger, and in cooperation with a nearby primary receptor, initiating a change in cell activity.
15030 Cajal body C A class of nuclear body, first seen after silver staining by Ramon y Cajal in 1903, enriched in small nuclear ribonucleoproteins, and certain general RNA polymerase II transcription factors; ultrastructurally, they appear as a tangle of coiled, electron-dense threads roughly 0.5 micrometers in diameter; involved in aspects of snRNP biogenesis; the protein coilin serves as a marker for Cajal bodies. Some argue that Cajal bodies are the sites for preassembly of transcriptosomes, unitary particles involved in transcription and processing of RNA.
15031 protein transport P The directed movement of proteins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15032 storage protein import into fat body P The incorporation of hemolymph proteins by cells of the fat body of holometabolous insects, during the final larval stage. Uptake of these proteins prepares the insect for pupation and metamorphosis, since insect pupae do not feed and therefore depend on material that has been accumulated during larval life.
15035 protein disulfide oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a protein with reduced sulfide groups = a protein with oxidized disulfide bonds.
15036 disulfide oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: substrate with reduced sulfide groups = substrate with oxidized disulfide bonds.
15037 peptide disulfide oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a peptide with reduced sulfide groups = a peptide with oxidized disulfide bonds.
15038 glutathione disulfide oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 glutathione + electron acceptor = glutathione disulfide + electron donor.
15039 NADPH-adrenodoxin reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: oxidized adrenodoxin + NADPH + H+ = reduced adrenodoxin + NADP+.
15042 trypanothione-disulfide reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + trypanothione = NADPH + H+ + trypanothione disulfide.
15043 leghemoglobin reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + 2 ferrileghemoglobin = NADP+ + 2 ferroleghemoglobin.
15044 rubredoxin-NAD+ reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: reduced rubredoxin + NAD+ = oxidized rubredoxin + NADH + H+.
15045 rubredoxin-NAD(P)+ reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: reduced rubredoxin + NAD(P)+ = oxidized rubredoxin + NAD(P)H + H+.
15046 rubredoxin-NADP reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: reduced rubredoxin + NADP+ = oxidized rubredoxin + NADPH + H+.
15047 NADPH-cytochrome-c2 reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + 2 ferricytochrome c2 = NADP+ + 2 ferrocytochrome c2.
15048 phthalate dioxygenase reductase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of electrons between pyridine nucleotides (obligatory two-electron carriers) and hemes or (2Fe-2S) centers (obligatory one-electron carriers) in respiration, photosynthesis, and many oxygenase systems.
15049 methane monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: methane + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = methanol + NAD(P)+ + H2O.
15050 methane monooxygenase complex C A protein complex that possesses methane monooxygenase activity; dimeric and trimeric complexes have been characterized.
15052 beta3-adrenergic receptor activity F Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine to initiate a change in cell activity via activation of a G protein, with pharmacological characteristics of beta3-adrenergic receptors.
15054 gastrin receptor activity F Combining with gastrin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein to initiate a change in cell activity.
15055 secretin receptor activity F Combining with secretin to initiate a change in cell activity.
15056 corticotrophin-releasing factor receptor activity F Combining with the corticotrophin-releasing factor family of ligands, including the urocortins, to initiate a change in cell activity.
15057 thrombin-activated receptor activity F A G-protein-coupled receptor activity that is activated by cleavage by thrombin, which exposes a tethered ligand corresponding to the new N-terminus, which binds to the receptor and activates it.
15065 uridine nucleotide receptor activity F Combining with UTP or UDP to initiate a change in cell activity.
15066 alpha-amylase inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of alpha-amylase.
15067 amidinotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reversible transfer of an amidino group to an acceptor.
15068 glycine amidinotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine + glycine = L-ornithine + guanidinoacetate.
15069 scyllo-inosamine-4-phosphate amidinotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-amino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol 4-phosphate + L-arginine = 1-guanidino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol 4-phosphate + L-ornithine.
15074 DNA integration P The process in which a segment of DNA is incorporated into another, usually larger, DNA molecule such as a chromosome.
15075 ion transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of an ion from one side of a membrane to the other.
15077 monovalent inorganic cation transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of a inorganic cations with a valency of one from one side of a membrane to the other. Inorganic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge that do not contain carbon in covalent linkage.
15078 hydrogen ion transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of hydrogen ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
15079 potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of potassium ions (K+) from one side of a membrane to the other.
15080 silver ion transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of silver (Ag) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
15081 sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of sodium ions (Na+) from one side of a membrane to the other.
15083 aluminum ion transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of aluminum (Al) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
15085 calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of calcium (Ca) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
15086 cadmium ion transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of cadmium (Cd) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
15087 cobalt ion transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of cobalt (Co) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
15088 copper uptake transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Cu+(out) = Cu+(in).
15089 high-affinity copper ion transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Cu2+(out) = Cu2+(in). In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
15090 low-affinity iron ion transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Fe2+(out) = Fe2+(in). In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.
15091 ferric iron transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of ferric iron (Fe(III) or Fe3+) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
15092 high-affinity ferric uptake transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of Fe(III) from the outside of a cell to the inside of a cell across a membrane. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
15093 ferrous iron transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of ferrous iron (Fe(II) or Fe2+) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
15094 lead ion transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of lead (Pb) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
15095 magnesium ion transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of magnesium (Mg) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
15097 mercury ion transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of mercury (Hg) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
15098 molybdate ion transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of molybdate (MoO4 2-) ions from one side of a membrane to the other. Molybdate is the bivalent anion derived from molybdic acid.
15099 nickel cation transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of nickel (Ni) cations from one side of a membrane to the other.
15100 vanadium ion transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of vanadium (V) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
15101 organic cation transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of organic cations from one side of a membrane to the other. Organic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge that contain carbon in covalent linkage.
15103 inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of inorganic anions from one side of a membrane to the other. Inorganic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which do not contain carbon in covalent linkage.
15104 antimonite transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of antimonite from one side of a membrane to the other.
15105 arsenite transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of arsenite from one side of a membrane to the other.
15106 bicarbonate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of bicarbonate from one side of a membrane to the other. Bicarbonate is the hydrogencarbonate ion, HCO3-.
15107 chlorate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of chlorate, ClO3-, from one side of a membrane to the other.
15108 chloride transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of chloride ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
15109 chromate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of chromate from one side of a membrane to the other. Chromate is the anion of chromic acid, H2CrO4 (aq) or CrO3.
15110 cyanate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of cyanate, NCO-, the anion of cyanic acid, from one side of a membrane to the other.
15111 iodide transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of iodide ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
15112 nitrate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of nitrate ions (NO3-) from one side of a membrane to the other.
15113 nitrite transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of nitrite (NO2-) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
15114 phosphate ion transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of phosphate (PO4 3-) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
15115 silicate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of silicates from one side of a membrane to the other. Silicates are the salts of silicic acids, and are usually composed of silicon and oxygen (Si[x]O[y]), one or more metals, and possibly hydrogen. Types of silicate include unisilicates, metasilicates and hydrous silicates.
15116 sulfate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of sulfate ions, SO4(2-), from one side of a membrane to the other.
15117 thiosulfate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of thiosulfate ions, S2O3(2-), from one side of a membrane to the other.
15118 tellurite transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of tellurite from one side of a membrane to the other. Tellurite is a salt of tellurous acid or an oxide of tellurium which occurs sparingly in tufts of white or yellowish crystals.
15119 hexose phosphate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of hexose phosphate from one side of the membrane to the other. Hexose phosphates is any of a group of monophosphorylated aldoses with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.
15120 phosphoglycerate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of phosphoglycerates from one side of the membrane to the other. Phosphoglycerates are important intermediates in glycolysis and 3-phosphoglycerate is a precursor in serine biosynthesis.
15121 phosphoenolpyruvate:phosphate antiporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: phosphoenolpyruvate(out) + phosphate(in) = phosphoenolpyruvate(in) + phosphate(out).
15123 acetate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of acetate from one side of the membrane to the other. Acetate is the 2-carbon carboxylic acid ethanoic acid.
15124 allantoate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of allantoate from one side of the membrane to the other. Allantoate is the end product of purine metabolism in mammals and some fish, formed form allantoin. It is widely distributed in plants as an important source of stored nitrogen.
15125 bile acid transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of bile acid from one side of the membrane to the other. Bile acids are any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine.
15126 canalicular bile acid transmembrane transporter activity F The directed movement of bile acid and bile salts out of a hepatocyte and into the bile canaliculus by means of an agent such as a transporter or pore. Bile canaliculi are the thin tubes formed by hepatocyte membranes. Bile acids are any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine.
15127 bilirubin transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of bilirubin from one side of the membrane to the other. Bilirubin is a linear tetrapyrrole produced in the reticuloendothelial system from biliverdin and transported to the liver as a complex with serum albumin. In the liver, bilirubin is converted to bilirubin bisglucuronide, which is excreted in the bile.
15128 gluconate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of gluconate from one side of the membrane to the other. Gluconate is the aldonic acid derived from glucose.
15129 lactate transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of lactate from one side of the membrane to the other. Lactate is 2-hydroxypropanoate, CH3-CHOH-COOH; L(+)-lactate is formed by anaerobic glycolysis in animal tissues, and DL-lactate is found in sour milk, molasses and certain fruit juices.
15130 mevalonate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of mevalonate from one side of the membrane to the other. Mevalonate is the anion of mevalonic acid; its (R)-enantiomer is a strategic intermediate derived from hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA in the biosynthesis of polyprenyl compounds.
15131 oxaloacetate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of oxaloacetate, the anion of oxobutanedioic acid, from one side of the membrane to the other.
15132 prostaglandin transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of prostaglandins from one side of the membrane to the other. A prostaglandin is any of a group of biologically active metabolites which contain a cyclopentane ring due to the formation of a bond between two carbons of a fatty acid. They have a wide range of biological activities.
15133 uronic acid transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of uronic acid from one side of the membrane to the other. Uronic acids are any monocarboxylic acid formally derived by oxidizing to a carboxyl group the terminal hydroxymethylene group of either an aldose with four or more carbon atoms in the molecule, or of any glycoside derived from such an aldose.
15134 hexuronate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of hexuronates from one side of the membrane to the other. A hexuronate is any monocarboxylic acid derived from a hexose by oxidation of C-6.
15135 glucuronate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of glucuronate from one side of the membrane to the other. Glucuronate is the uronic acid formally derived from glucose by oxidation of the hydroxymethylene group at C-6 to a carboxyl group.
15136 sialic acid transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of sialic acid from one side of the membrane to the other.
15137 citrate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of citrate, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboyxlate, from one side of the membrane to the other.
15138 fumarate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of fumarate from one side of the membrane to the other. Fumarate is a key intermediate in metabolism and is formed in the TCA cycle from succinate and converted into malate.
15139 alpha-ketoglutarate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of alpha-ketoglutarate from one side of the membrane to the other. Alpha-ketoglutarate (or oxoglutarate) is a compound with important roles in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, especially in transamination reactions and as a component of the TCA cycle.
15140 malate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of malate from one side of the membrane to the other. Malate is a chiral hydroxydicarboxylic acid, hydroxybutanedioic acid. The (+) enantiomer is an important intermediate in metabolism as a component of both the TCA cycle and the glyoxylate cycle.
15141 succinate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of succinate, the dianion of ethane dicarboxylic acid, from one side of the membrane to the other.
15142 tricarboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of tricarboxylic acids from one side of the membrane to the other. Tricarboxylic acid are organic acids with three COOH groups.
15143 urate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of urate from one side of the membrane to the other. Urate is the anion of uric acid, 2,6,8-trioxypurine, the end product of purine metabolism in certain mammals and the main excretory product in uricotelic animals.
15144 carbohydrate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of carbohydrate from one side of the membrane to the other.
15145 monosaccharide transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of a monosaccharide from one side of a membrane to the other.
15146 pentose transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of a pentose sugar, a monosaccharide with 5 carbon atoms, from one side of the membrane to the other.
15147 L-arabinose transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of L-arabinose from one side of the membrane to the other. Arabinose occurs free, for example in the heartwood of many conifers and in the combined states, in both furanose and pyranose forms, as a constituent of various plant hemicelluloses, bacterial polysaccharides, etc.
15148 D-xylose transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of D-xylose from one side of the membrane to the other. D-xylose (the naturally occurring enantiomer is always D-) is a constituent of plant polysaccharides.
15149 hexose transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of a hexose sugar, a monosaccharide with 6 carbon atoms, from one side of a membrane to the other.
15150 fucose transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of fucose from one side of the membrane to the other. Fucose is 6-deoxygalactose and has two enantiomers, D-fucose and L-fucose.
15151 alpha-glucoside transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of alpha-glucosides from one side of the membrane to the other. Alpha-glucosides are glycosides in which the sugar group is a glucose residue, and the anomeric carbon of the bond is in an alpha configuration.
15152 glucose-6-phosphate transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of glucose-6-phosphate from one side of the membrane to the other. Glucose-6-phosphate is a monophosphorylated derivative of glucose with the phosphate group attached to C-6.
15153 rhamnose transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of rhamnose from one side of the membrane to the other. Rhamnose occurs commonly as a compound of plant glycosides, in polysaccharides of gums and mucilages, and in bacterial polysaccharides. It is also a component of some plant cell wall polysaccharides and frequently acts as the sugar components of flavonoids.
15154 disaccharide transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of disaccharide from one side of the membrane to the other.
15155 lactose transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of lactose from one side of the membrane to the other. Lactose is a disaccharide 4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose, and constitutes roughly 5% of the milk in almost all mammals.
15156 melibiose transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of melibiose from one side of the membrane to the other. Melibiose is the disaccharide 6-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose and occurs as a constituent of the trisaccharide raffinose or in the exudates and nectaries of a number of plants.
15157 oligosaccharide transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of oligosaccharide from one side of the membrane to the other.
15158 raffinose transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of raffinose from one side of the membrane to the other. Raffinose occurs in plants almost as commonly as sucrose and is present in cereal grains, cotton seeds, and many legumes. It is synthesized from sucrose by transfer of a galactopyranoside from myo-inositol.
15159 polysaccharide transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of polysaccharides from one side of the membrane to the other. A polysaccharide is a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically.
15160 beta-glucan transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of beta-glucans from one side of the membrane to the other. Beta-glucans are compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-glucosidic bonds.
15161 capsular polysaccharide transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of capsular-polysaccharides from one side of the membrane to the other. Capsular polysaccharides make up the capsule, a protective structure surrounding some species of bacteria and fungi.
15162 teichoic acid transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of teichoic acid from one side of the membrane to the other. Teichoic acid is any polymer occurring in the cell wall, membrane or capsule of Gram-positive bacteria and containing chains of glycerol phosphate or ribitol phosphate residues.
15164 glucuronoside transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of a glucuronosides from one side of the membrane to the other. Glucuronosides are any compound formed by combination of glycosidic linkage of a hydroxy compound (e.g. an alcohol or a saccharide) with the anomeric carbon atom of glucuronate.
15165 pyrimidine nucleotide-sugar transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of a pyrimidine nucleotide-sugar from one side of the membrane to the other. Pyrimidine nucleotide-sugars are pyrimidine nucleotides in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.
15166 polyol transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of a polyol from one side of the membrane to the other. A polyol is any polyhydric alcohol.
15167 arabitol transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of an arabitol from one side of the membrane to the other. Arabitol is the pentitol derived from arabinose or lyxose by reduction of the aldehyde group. The D enantiomer is present in lichens and mushrooms.
15168 glycerol transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of glycerol from one side of the membrane to the other. Glycerol is 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids.
15169 glycerol-3-phosphate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of glycerol-3-phosphate from one side of the membrane to the other. Glycerol-3-phosphate is a phosphoric monoester of glycerol.
15170 propanediol transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of propanediol from one side of the membrane to the other. Propanediol is a sweet colorless, viscous, hygroscopic liquid used as an antifreeze and in brake fluid; it is also as a humectant in cosmetics and personal care items, although it can be absorbed through the skin with harmful effects.
15171 amino acid transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Amino acids are organic molecules that contain an amino group and a carboxyl group.
15172 acidic amino acid transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of acidic amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Acidic amino acids have a pH below 7.
15173 aromatic amino acid transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of aromatic amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Aromatic amino acids have an aromatic ring.
15174 basic amino acid transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of basic amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Basic amino acids have a pH above 7.
15175 neutral amino acid transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of neutral amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Neutral amino acids have a pH of 7.
15179 L-amino acid transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of an L-amino acid from one side of a membrane to the other. L-amino acids are the L-enantiomers of amino acids.
15180 L-alanine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of L-alanine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-alanine is the L-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid.
15181 arginine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the stereospecific transfer of arginine, 2-amino-5-guanidinopentanoic acid, across a biological membrane.
15182 L-asparagine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of L-asparagine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-asparagine is the L-enantiomer of alpha-aminosuccinamic acid.
15183 L-aspartate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of L-aspartate from one side of a membrane to the other. L-aspartate is the anion derived from aspartic acid.
15184 L-cystine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of L-cystine from one side of a membrane to the other.
15185 gamma-aminobutyric acid transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of gamma-aminobutyric acid from one side of a membrane to the other. Gamma-aminobutyric acid is 4-aminobutyrate (GABA).
15186 L-glutamine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of L-glutamine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-glutamine is 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid.
15187 glycine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of glycine from one side of a membrane to the other. Glycine is aminoethanoic acid.
15188 L-isoleucine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of L-isoleucine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-isoleucine is (2R*,3R*)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid.
15189 L-lysine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of L-lysine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-lysine is 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.
15190 L-leucine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of L-leucine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-leucine is 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid.
15191 L-methionine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of L-methionine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-methionine is 2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid.
15192 L-phenylalanine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of L-phenylalanine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-phenylalanine is 2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid.
15193 L-proline transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of L-proline from one side of a membrane to the other. L-proline is pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid.
15194 L-serine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of L-serine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-serine is the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.
15195 L-threonine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of L-threonine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-threonine is (2R*,3S*)-2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid.
15196 L-tryptophan transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of L-tryptophan from one side of a membrane to the other. Tryptophan is 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid.
15197 peptide transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
15198 oligopeptide transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of oligopeptides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Oligopeptides are molecules that contain a small number (2 to 20) of amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages.
15199 amino-acid betaine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of betaine, the N-trimethyl derivative of an amino acid, from one side of the membrane to the other.
15200 methylammonium transmembrane transporter activity F Enables directed movement of methylammonium, CH3NH2, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
15203 polyamine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of polyamines, organic compounds containing two or more amino groups, from one side of the membrane to the other.
15204 urea transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of urea cross a membrane into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Urea is the water soluble compound H2N-CO-NH2.
15205 nucleobase transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of a nucleobase, any nitrogenous base that is a constituent of a nucleoside, nucleotide, or nucleic acidfrom one side of a membrane to the other.
15207 adenine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of adenine, 6-aminopurine, from one side of a membrane to the other.
15208 guanine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of guanine, 2-amino-6-hydroxypurine, from one side of a membrane to the other.
15209 cytosine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of cytosine, 4-amino-2-hydroxypyrimidine from one side of a membrane to the other.
15210 uracil transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of uracil, 2,4-dioxopyrimidine, from one side of a membrane to the other.
15211 purine nucleoside transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of a purine nucleoside, a purine base covalently bonded to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar, from one side of a membrane to the other.
15212 cytidine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of cytidine, cytosine riboside, from one side of a membrane to the other.
15213 uridine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of uridine, uracil riboside, from one side of a membrane to the other.
15214 pyrimidine nucleoside transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of a pyrimidine nucleoside, a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar from one side of a membrane to the other.
15215 nucleotide transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.
15216 purine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of a purine nucleotide, any compound consisting of a purine nucleoside esterified with (ortho)phosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.
15217 ADP transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of ADP, adenosine diphosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.
15218 pyrimidine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of a pyrimidine nucleotide, any compound consisting of a pyrimidine nucleoside esterified with (ortho)phosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.
15219 protein-DNA complex transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of protein-DNA complexes from one side of a membrane to the other.
15220 choline transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of choline from one side of the membrane to the other. Choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium) is an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
15221 lipopolysaccharide transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of lipopolysaccharides from one side of the membrane to the other. A lipopolysaccharide is any of a group of related, structurally complex components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Lipopolysaccharides consist three covalently linked regions, lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and an O side chain. Lipid A is responsible for the toxicity of the lipopolysaccharide.
15222 serotonin transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of serotonin from one side of the membrane to the other. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems.
15224 biopterin transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of biopterin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Biopterin is a growth factor for certain protozoans and some insects; it is widely distributed in tissues and functions in a reduced form, tetrahydrobiopterin, as a hydroxylation coenzyme.
15225 biotin transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of biotin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Biotin is cis-tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid; the (+) enantiomer is very widely distributed in cells and serves as a carrier in a number of enzymatic beta-carboxylation reactions.
15226 carnitine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of carnitine across a membrane. Carnitine is a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
15227 acyl carnitine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of acyl carnitine across a membrane. Acyl carnitine is the condensation product of a carboxylic acid and carnitine and is the transport form for a fatty acid crossing the mitochondrial membrane.
15228 coenzyme A transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of coenzyme A across a membrane into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, is an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester.
15229 L-ascorbic acid transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of L-ascorbate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. L-ascorbate, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate, is vitamin C and has co-factor and anti-oxidant activities in many species.
15230 FAD transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD) across a membrane into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. FAD forms the coenzyme of the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes, in which it functions as an electron acceptor by being reversibly converted to its reduced form.
15231 5-formyltetrahydrofolate transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of 5-formyltetrahydrofolate, the formylated derivative of tetrahydrofolate, into, out of, within, or between cells.
15232 heme transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
15233 pantothenate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of pantothenate across a membrane. Pantothenate is the anion of pantothenic acid, the amide of beta-alanine and pantoic acid; it is a B complex vitamin that is a constituent of coenzyme A and is distributed ubiquitously in foods.
15234 thiamine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of thiamine from one side of the membrane to the other. Thiamine is vitamin B1, a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver.
15235 cobalamin transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom, into, out of or within a cell.
15238 drug transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of a drug from one side of a membrane to the other. A drug is any naturally occurring or synthetic substance, other than a nutrient, that, when administered or applied to an organism, affects the structure or functioning of the organism; in particular, any such substance used in the diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of disease.
15240 amiloride transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of amiloride into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Amiloride is a potent and specific inhibitor of sodium ion entry into cells. It is used as a potassium-sparing diuretic.
15241 aminotriazole transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of aminotriazole into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Aminotriazole is an effective weed killer that also possesses some antithyroid activity.
15242 benomyl transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of benomyl into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Benomyl, methyl 1-(butylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazolecarbamate, is a systemic agricultural fungicide used for control of certain fungal diseases of stone fruit.
15243 cycloheximide transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of cycloheximide into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Cycloheximide is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces which interferes with protein synthesis in eukaryotes.
15244 fluconazole transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of fluconazole into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Fluconazole is an antifungal drug used for oral candidiasis and cryptococcal meningitis; it is still under study for treatment of vaginal candidiasis and other fungal infections.
15245 fatty acid transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of fatty acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Fatty acids are aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis.
15246 fatty-acyl group transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of a fatty acyl group into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. A fatty acyl group is any acyl group derived from a fatty acid.
15247 aminophospholipid transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of aminophospholipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Aminophospholipids contain phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester and an amino (NH2) group.
15248 sterol transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of sterols into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Sterol are steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.
15250 water channel activity F Transport systems of this type enable facilitated diffusion of water (by an energy-independent process) by passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.
15251 ammonium channel activity F Enables the facilitated diffusion of ammonium (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.
15252 hydrogen ion channel activity F Enables the facilitated diffusion of a hydrogen ion (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.
15254 glycerol channel activity F Enables the facilitated diffusion of glycerol (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.
15255 propanediol channel activity F Enables the facilitated diffusion of propanediol (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.
15264 methylammonium channel activity F Enables the facilitated diffusion of methylammonium (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism. Methylammonium is CH3NH2.
15265 urea channel activity F Enables the facilitated diffusion of urea (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.
15266 protein channel activity F Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion, mediated by passage of proteins through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.
15267 channel activity F Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion, mediated by passage of a solute through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel. Stereospecificity is not exhibited but this transport may be specific for a particular molecular species or class of molecules.
15269 calcium-activated potassium channel activity F Enables the calcium concentration-regulatable energy-independent passage of potassium ions across a lipid bilayer down a concentration gradient.
15271 outward rectifier potassium channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by an outwardly-rectifying voltage-gated channel. An outwardly rectifying current-voltage relation is one where at any given driving force the outward flow of K+ ions exceeds the inward flow for the opposite driving force.
15272 ATP-activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by an inwardly-rectifying voltage-gated channel, where the inward rectification is due to a voltage-dependent block of the channel pore by ATP. An inwardly rectifying current-voltage relation is one where at any given driving force the inward flow of K+ ions exceeds the outward flow for the opposite driving force.
15274 organellar voltage-gated chloride channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a voltage-gated channel. The membrane is an organellar membrane.
15275 stretch-activated, cation-selective, calcium channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens in response to a mechanical stress in the form of stretching.
15276 ligand-gated ion channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
15277 kainate selective glutamate receptor activity F An ionotropic glutamate receptor activity that exhibits fast gating by glutamate, acts by opening a cation channel permeable to sodium and potassium, and for which kainate is an agonist.
15278 calcium-release channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion from intracellular stores by a channel that opens when a specific intracellular ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
15279 store-operated calcium channel activity F A ligand-gated ion channel activity which transports calcium in response to emptying of intracellular calcium stores.
15280 ligand-gated sodium channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a sodium ion by a channel that opens when a specific ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
15284 fructose uniporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: fructose(out) = fructose(in).
15288 porin activity F Catalysis of the transfer of substances, sized less than 1000 Da, from one side of the membrane to the other. The transmembrane portions of porins consist exclusively of beta-strands which form a beta-barrel. They are found in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, plastids and possibly acid-fast Gram-positive bacteria.
15291 secondary active transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy, not direct ATP coupling. Chemiosmotic sources of energy include uniport, symport or antiport.
15292 uniporter activity F Catalysis of the transport of a single molecular species across a membrane; transport is independent of the movement of any other molecular species.
15293 symporter activity F Enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported together in the same direction in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy.
15294 solute:cation symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: solute(out) + cation(out) = solute(in) + cation(in).
15295 solute:proton symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: solute(out) + H+(out) = solute(in) + H+(in).
15296 anion:cation symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: anion(out) + cation(out) = anion(in) + cation(in).
15297 antiporter activity F Enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported in opposite directions in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy. The reaction is: solute A(out) + solute B(in) = solute A(in) + solute B(out).
15298 solute:cation antiporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: solute(out) + cation(in) = solute(in) + cation(out).
15299 solute:proton antiporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: solute(out) + H+(in) = solute(in) + H+(out).
15301 anion:anion antiporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: anion A(out) + anion B(in) = anion A(in) + anion B(out).
15304 glucose uniporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose(out) = glucose(in).
15306 sialate:cation symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sialate(out) + cation(out) = sialate(in) + cation(in).
15307 drug:proton antiporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + drug(in) = H+(in) + drug(out).
15308 amiloride:proton antiporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + amiloride(in) = H+(in) + amiloride(out).
15309 cycloheximide:proton antiporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + cycloheximide(in) = H+(in) + cycloheximide(out).
15310 benomyl:proton antiporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + benomyl(in) = H+(in) + benomyl(out).
15311 monoamine:proton antiporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + monoamine(in) = H+(in) + monoamine(out).
15312 polyamine:proton antiporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + polyamine(in) = H+(in) + polyamine(out).
15313 fluconazole:proton antiporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + fluconazole(in) = H+(in) + fluconazole(out).
15314 aminotriazole:proton antiporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + aminotriazole(in) = H+(in) + aminotriazole(out).
15315 organophosphate:inorganic phosphate antiporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: organophosphate(out) + inorganic phosphate(in) = organophosphate(in) + inorganic phosphate(out).
15317 phosphate:proton symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: phosphate(out) + H+(out) = phosphate(in) + H+(in).
15318 inorganic solute uptake transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of an inorganic solute from the outside of a cell to the inside of the cell across a membrane.
15319 sodium:inorganic phosphate symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + inorganic phosphate(out) = Na+(in) + inorganic phosphate(in).
15320 phosphate ion carrier activity F Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: phosphate (cyt) + H+ (cyt) = phosphate (mitochondrion) + H+ (mitochondrion).
15321 sodium-dependent phosphate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of phosphate (PO4 3-) ions from one side of a membrane to the other, requiring sodium ions.
15322 secondary active oligopeptide transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of an oligopeptide or oligopeptides from one side of the membrane to the other, up the solute's concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction.
15324 peptide-acetyl-CoA secondary active transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of peptide-acetyl-CoA from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Chemiosmotic sources of energy include uniport, symport or antiport.
15325 acetyl-CoA:CoA antiporter activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA(out) + CoA(in) = acetyl-CoA(in) + CoA(out).
15327 cystine:glutamate antiporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: cystine(out) + glutamate(in) = cystine(in) + glutamate(out).
15328 cystine secondary active transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of cystine from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Chemiosmotic sources of energy include uniport, symport or antiport.
15330 high-affinity glutamine transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the high affinity transfer of glutamine from one side of the membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
15333 peptide:proton symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: peptide(out) + H+(out) = peptide(in) + H+(in). Catalysis of the transfer of a peptide from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by hydrogen ion movement.
15334 high-affinity oligopeptide transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of oligopeptide from one side of the membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations. Oligopeptides are molecules that contain a small number (2 to 20) of amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages.
15341 zinc efflux active transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a zinc ion or zinc ions from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane: Zn2+(out) = Zn2+(in). The activity is driven by proton motive force.
15343 siderophore transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: siderophore-iron(out) + H+(out) = siderophore-iron(in) + H+(in).
15344 siderophore uptake transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: siderophore-iron(ferrioxamine)(out) + H+(out) = siderophore-iron(ferrioxamine)(in) + H+(in).
15345 ferric enterobactin:proton symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ferric enterobactin(out) + H+(out) = ferric enterobactin(in) + H+(in).
15346 ferric triacetylfusarinine C:proton symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ferric triacetylfusarinine C(out) + H+(out) = ferric triacetylfusarinine C(in) + H+(in).
15347 sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of organic anions from one side of a membrane to the other, in a sodium independent manner.
15349 thyroid hormone transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of thyroid hormones from one side of the membrane to the other. Thyroid hormone are any of the compounds secreted by the thyroid gland, largely thyroxine and triiodothyronine.
15350 methotrexate transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of methotrexate, 4-amino-10-methylformic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Methotrexate is a folic acid analogue and a potent competitive inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase.
15351 bilirubin secondary active transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of bilirubin from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Chemiosmotic sources of energy include uniport, symport or antiport.
15352 secondary active sterol transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of sterol from one side of the membrane to the other, up the solute's concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction.
15355 secondary active monocarboxylate transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the movement of a monocarboxylate, any compound containing a single carboxyl group (COOH or COO-), by uniport, symport or antiport across a membrane by a carrier-mediated mechanism.
15360 acetate:proton symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: acetate(out) + H+(out) = acetate(in) + H+(in).
15361 low-affinity sodium:dicarboxylate symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: dicarboxylate(out) + Na+(out) = dicarboxylate(in) + Na+(in). In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.
15362 high-affinity sodium:dicarboxylate symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: dicarboxylate(out) + Na+(out) = dicarboxylate(in) + Na+(in). In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
15364 dicarboxylate:inorganic phosphate antiporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: dicarboxylate(out) + inorganic phosphate(in) = dicarboxylate(in) + inorganic phosphate(out).
15366 malate:proton symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: malate(out) + H+(out) = malate(in) + H+(in).
15367 oxoglutarate:malate antiporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: oxoglutarate(out) + malate(in) = oxoglutarate(in) + malate(out).
15368 calcium:cation antiporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Ca2+(in) + cation(out) = Ca2+(out) + cation(in).
15369 calcium:proton antiporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Ca2+(in) + H+(out) = Ca2+(out) + H+(in).
15370 solute:sodium symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: solute(out) + Na+(out) = solute(in) + Na+(in).
15371 galactose:sodium symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: galactose(out) + Na+(out) = glucose(in) + Na+(in).
15373 monovalent anion:sodium symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: monovalent anion(out) + Na+(out) = monovalent anion(in) + Na+(in).
15374 neutral, basic amino acid:sodium:chloride symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: neutral/basic amino acid(out) + Na+(out) + Cl-(out) = neutral/basic amino acid(in) + Na+(in) + Cl-(in).
15375 glycine:sodium symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glycine(out) + Na+(out) = glycine(in) + Na+(in).
15377 cation:chloride symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: cation(out) + Cl-(out) = cation(in) + Cl-(in).
15378 sodium:chloride symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + Cl-(out) = Na+(in) + Cl-(in).
15379 potassium:chloride symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: K+(out) + Cl-(out) = K+(in) + Cl-(in).
15381 high-affinity sulfate transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the secondary active high affinity transfer of sulfate from one side of the membrane to the other. Secondary active transport is catalysis of the transfer of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Chemiosmotic sources of energy include uniport, symport or antiport. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind thesolute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
15382 sodium:sulfate symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sulfate(out) + Na+(out) = sulfate(in) + Na+(in).
15383 sulfate:bicarbonate antiporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sulfate(out) + bicarbonate(in) = sulfate(in) + bicarbonate(out).
15385 sodium:proton antiporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + H+(in) = Na+(in) + H+(out).
15386 potassium:proton antiporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: K+(in) + H+(out) = K+(out) + H+(in).
15387 potassium:proton symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: K+(out) + H+(out) = K+(in) + H+(in).
15388 potassium uptake transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of potassium from the outside of a cell to the inside of the cell across a membrane: K+(out) + energy = K+(in).
15389 pyrimidine- and adenine-specific:sodium symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: (pyrimidine nucleoside or adenine)(out) + Na+(out) = (pyrimidine nucleoside or adenine)(in) + Na+(in).
15390 purine-specific nucleoside:sodium symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: purine(out) + Na+(out) = nucleoside(in) + Na+(in).
15391 nucleobase:cation symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: nucleobase(out) + cation(out) = nucleobase(in) + cation(in).
15394 uridine:hydrogen ion symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: uridine(out) + H+(out) = uridine(in) + H+(in).
15395 nucleoside transmembrane transporter activity, down a concentration gradient F Catalysis of the transfer of a nucleoside, from one side of a membrane to the other, down the concentration gradient.
15398 high-affinity secondary active ammonium transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of ammonium from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Chemiosmotic sources of energy include uniport, symport or antiport. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
15399 primary active transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute from one side of the membrane to the other, up the solute's concentration gradient, by binding the solute and undergoing a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is powered by a primary energy source, directly using ATP. Primary energy sources known to be coupled to transport are chemical, electrical and solar sources.
15400 low-affinity secondary active ammonium transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of ammonium from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Chemiosmotic sources of energy include uniport, symport or antiport. In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.
15401 urea:sodium symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: urea(out) + Na+(out) = urea(in) + Na+(in).
15403 thiamine uptake transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of thiamine from the outside of a cell to the inside across a membrane.
15405 P-P-bond-hydrolysis-driven transmembrane transporter activity F Primary active transport of a solute across a membrane, driven by the hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond of inorganic pyrophosphate, ATP, or another nucleoside triphosphate. The transport protein may or may not be transiently phosphorylated, but the substrate is not phosphorylated. Primary active transport is catalysis of the transport of a solute across a membrane, up the solute's concentration gradient, by binding the solute and undergoing a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a primary energy source.
15407 monosaccharide-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + monosaccharide(out) = ADP + phosphate + monosaccharide(in). Ribose, xylose, arabinose, galactose and methylgalactoside are imported.
15408 ferric-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Fe3+(out) = ADP + phosphate + Fe3+(in).
15410 manganese-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Mn2+(out) = ADP + phosphate + Mn2+(in).
15411 taurine-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + taurine(out) = ADP + phosphate + taurine(in).
15412 ATPase-coupled molybdate transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + molybdate(out) = ADP + phosphate + molybdate(in).
15413 nickel-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Ni2+(out) = ADP + phosphate + Ni2+(in).
15414 ATPase-coupled nitrate transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + nitrate(out) = ADP + phosphate + nitrate(in).
15415 ATPase-coupled phosphate ion transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + phosphate(out) = ADP + phosphate + phosphate(in).
15416 ATPase-coupled organic phosphonate transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + phosphonate(out) = ADP + phosphate + phosphonate(in). A phosphonate is any salt, anion, or ester of phosphonic acid (HPO(OH)2).
15417 polyamine-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + polyamine(out) = ADP + phosphate + polyamine(in).
15418 quaternary-ammonium-compound-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + quaternary amine(out) = ADP + phosphate + quaternary amine(in).
15419 ATPase-coupled sulfate transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + sulfate(out) = ADP + phosphate + sulfate(in).
15420 cobalamin-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + cob(III)alamin(out) = ADP + phosphate + cob(III)alamin(in). Cobalamin is also known as vitamin B12.
15421 oligopeptide-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + oligopeptide(out) = ADP + phosphate + oligopeptide(in).
15422 oligosaccharide-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + oligosaccharide(out) = ADP + phosphate + oligosaccharide(in).
15423 maltose-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + maltose(out) = ADP + phosphate + maltose(in).
15424 amino acid-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + amino acid(out/in) = ADP + phosphate + amino acid(in/out).
15425 nonpolar-amino acid-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + nonpolar amino acid(out) = ADP + phosphate + nonpolar amino acid(in).
15426 polar-amino acid-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + polar amino acid(out) = ADP + phosphate + polar amino acid(in).
15430 glycerol-3-phosphate-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + glycerol-3-phosphate(out) = ADP + phosphate + glycerol-3-phosphate(in).
15431 glutathione S-conjugate-exporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + glutathione S-conjugate(in) -> ADP + phosphate + glutathione S-conjugate(out).
15432 bile acid-exporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: bile acid(in) + ATP + H2O -> bile acid(out) + ADP + phosphate.
15433 peptide antigen-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: peptide antigen(in) + ATP = peptide antigen(out) + ADP + phosphate.
15434 cadmium-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Cd (cytosol) = ADP + phosphate + Cd (vacuole).
15436 capsular-polysaccharide-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + capsular polysaccharide(in) = ADP + phosphate + capsular polysaccharide(out).
15437 lipopolysaccharide-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + lipopolysaccharide(in) = ADP + phosphate + lipopolysaccharide(out).
15438 teichoic-acid-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + teichoic acid(in) = ADP + phosphate + teichoic acid(out).
15439 heme-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + heme(in) = ADP + phosphate + heme(out).
15440 peptide-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + peptide(in) = ADP + phosphate + peptide(out). Peptides exported include alpha-hemolysin, cyclolysin, colicin V and siderophores from Gram-negative bacteria, and bacteriocin, subtilin, competence factor and pediocin from Gram-positive bacteria.
15441 beta-glucan-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + beta-glucan(in) = ADP + phosphate + beta-glucan(out).
15444 magnesium-importing ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Mg2+(out) -> ADP + phosphate + Mg2+(in).
15445 silver-exporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Ag+(in) -> ADP + phosphate + Ag+(out).
15446 ATPase-coupled arsenite transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + arsenite(in) = ADP + phosphate + arsenite(out).
15450 P-P-bond-hydrolysis-driven protein transmembrane transporter activity F Primary active carrier-mediated transport of a protein across a membrane, driven by the hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond of inorganic pyrophosphate, ATP, or another nucleoside triphosphate. The transport protein may or may not be transiently phosphorylated, but the substrate is not phosphorylated.
15451 decarboxylation-driven active transmembrane transporter activity F Primary active transport of a solute across a membrane driven by decarboxylation of a cytoplasmic substrate. Primary active transport is catalysis of the transport of a solute across a membrane, up the solute's concentration gradient, by binding the solute and undergoing a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a primary energy source.
15452 methyl transfer-driven active transmembrane transporter activity F Primary active transport of a solute across a membrane driven by a methyl transfer reaction. Primary active transport is catalysis of the transport of a solute across a membrane, up the solute's concentration gradient, by binding the solute and undergoing a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a primary energy source.
15453 oxidoreduction-driven active transmembrane transporter activity F Primary active transport of a solute across a membrane, driven by exothermic flow of electrons from a reduced substrate to an oxidized substrate. Primary active transport is catalysis of the transport of a solute across a membrane, up the solute's concentration gradient, by binding the solute and undergoing a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a primary energy source.
15454 light-driven active transmembrane transporter activity F Primary active transport of a solute across a membrane, driven by light. Primary active transport is catalysis of the transport of a solute across a membrane, up the solute's concentration gradient, by binding the solute and undergoing a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a primary energy source.
15459 potassium channel regulator activity F Modulates potassium channel activity via direct interaction interaction with a potassium channel (binding or modification).
15462 ATPase-coupled protein transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + protein(out) = ADP + phosphate + protein(in).
15464 acetylcholine receptor activity F Combining with acetylcholine and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
15467 G-protein activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by an inwardly-rectifying voltage-gated channel, where the inward rectification is due to a voltage-dependent block of the channel pore by a G protein. An inwardly rectifying current-voltage relation is one where at any given driving force the inward flow of K+ ions exceeds the outward flow for the opposite driving force.
15471 nucleoside-specific channel forming porin activity F Enables the energy independent passage of nucleoside, sized less than 1000 Da, across a membrane. The transmembrane portions of porins consist exclusively of beta-strands which form a beta-barrel. They are found in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, plastids and possibly acid-fast Gram-positive bacteria.
15473 fimbrial usher porin activity F A porin that acts in the assembly of fimbria together with fimbrial chaperone.
15474 autotransporter activity F Transports a passenger protein from the periplasm to the external milieu; the passenger protein and the porin are the N- and C-terminal regions of the same protein, respectively.
15475 adhesin autotransporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of adhesin from the periplasm to the external milieu; the adhesin and the porin are the N- and C-terminal regions of the same protein, respectively.
15476 hemaglutinin autotransporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of hemaglutinin from the periplasm to the external milieu; the hemaglutinin and the porin are the N- and C-terminal regions of the same protein, respectively.
15478 oligosaccharide transporting porin activity F Catalysis of the transfer of oligosaccharide, sized less than 1000 Da, from one side of the membrane to the other. The transmembrane portions of porins consist exclusively of beta-strands which form a beta-barrel. They are found in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, plastids and possibly acid-fast Gram-positive bacteria.
15481 maltose transporting porin activity F Catalysis of the transfer of maltose from one side of the membrane to the other. Maltose is the disaccharide 4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose, an intermediate in the enzymatic breakdown of glycogen and starch. This transporter is a porin so enables the energy independent passage of substances, sized less than 1000 Da, across a membrane. The transmembrane portions of porins consist exclusively of beta-strands which form a beta-barrel. They are found in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, plastids and possibly acid-fast Gram-positive bacteria.
15483 long-chain fatty acid transporting porin activity F Enables the transfer of long-chain fatty acids from one side of the membrane to the other. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22. This transporter is a porin and so enables the energy independent passage of substances, sized less than 1000 Da, across a membrane. The transmembrane portions of porins consist exclusively of beta-strands which form a beta-barrel. They are found in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, plastids and possibly acid-fast Gram-positive bacteria.
15485 cholesterol binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cholesterol (cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol); the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.
15486 glycoside-pentoside-hexuronide:cation symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: (glycoside, pentoside or hexuronide)(out) + monovalent cation(out) = (glycoside, pentoside or hexuronide)(in) + monovalent cation(in). The cation is Na+, Li+ or H+.
15487 melibiose:monovalent cation symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: melibiose(out) + monovalent cation(out) = melibiose(in) + monovalent cation(in).
15488 glucuronide:monovalent cation symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucuronide(out) + monovalent cation(out) = glucuronide(in) + monovalent cation(in).
15489 putrescine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of putrescine from one side of the membrane to the other. Putrescine is 1,4-diaminobutane, the polyamine formed by decarboxylation of ornithine and the metabolic precursor of spermidine and spermine.
15490 cadaverine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of cadaverine, 1,5-pentanediamine, from one side of the membrane to the other.
15491 cation:cation antiporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: cation A(out) + cation B(in) = cation A(in) + cation B(out).
15492 phenylalanine:proton symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: phenylalanine(out) + H+(out) = phenylalanine(in) + H+(in).
15493 lysine:proton symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: lysine(out) + H+(out) = lysine(in) + H+(in).
15494 aromatic amino acid:proton symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: aromatic amino acid(out) + H+(out) = aromatic amino acid(in) + H+(in).
15495 gamma-aminobutyric acid:proton symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: gamma-aminobutyric acid(out) + H+(out) = gamma-aminobutyric acid(in) + H+(in).
15496 putrescine:ornithine antiporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: putrescine(out) + ornithine(in) = putrescine(in) + ornithine(out).
15498 pantothenate:sodium symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: pantothenate(out) + Na+(out) = pantothenate(in) + Na+(in).
15499 formate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of formate from one side of the membrane to the other. Formate is also known as methanoate, the anion HCOO- derived from methanoic (formic) acid.
15501 glutamate:sodium symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glutamate(out) + Na+(out) = glutamate(in) + Na+(in).
15503 glutathione-regulated potassium exporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: K+(in) + H+(out) = K+(out) + H+(in), where glutathione maintains the closed state.
15504 cytosine:hydrogen ion symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: cytosine(out) + H+(out) = cytosine(in) + H+(in).
15505 uracil:cation symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: uracil(out) + cation(out) = uracil(in) + cation(in).
15506 nucleoside:proton symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: nucleoside(out) + H+(out) = nucleoside(in) + H+(in).
15513 nitrite uptake transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of nitrite from the outside of a cell to the inside of the cell across a membrane.
15514 nitrite efflux transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of nitrite from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.
15515 citrate:succinate antiporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: citrate(out) + succinate(in) = citrate(in) + succinate(out).
15516 tartrate:succinate antiporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: tartrate(out) + succinate(in) = tartrate(in) + succinate(out).
15517 galactose:proton symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: galactose(out) + H+(out) = galactose(in) + H+(in).
15518 arabinose:proton symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: arabinose(out) + H+(out) = arabinose(in) + H+(in).
15519 D-xylose:proton symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: D-xylose(out) + H+(out) = D-xylose(in) + H+(in).
15520 tetracycline:proton antiporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + tetracycline(in) = H+(in) + tetracycline(out).
15522 hydrophobic uncoupler:proton antiporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: hydrophobic uncoupler(in) + H+(out) = hydrophobic uncoupler(out) + H+(in). Hydrophobic uncouplers include CCCP, benzalkonium and SDS.
15523 arabinose efflux transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of arabinose from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane: H+(out) + arabinose(in) = H+(in) + arabinose(out).
15526 hexose-phosphate:inorganic phosphate antiporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: hexose phosphate(out) + inorganic phosphate(in) = hexose phosphate(in) + inorganic phosphate(out).
15527 glycerol-phosphate:inorganic phosphate antiporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glycerol phosphate(out) + inorganic phosphate(in) = glycerol phosphate(in) + inorganic phosphate(out).
15528 lactose:proton symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: lactose(out) + H+(out) = lactose(in) + H+(in).
15529 raffinose:proton symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: raffinose(out) + H+(out) = raffinose(in) + H+(in).
15530 shikimate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of shikimate from one side of the membrane to the other. Shikimate is an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids.
15531 citrate:proton symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: citrate(out) + H+(out) = citrate(in) + H+(in).
15532 alpha-ketoglutarate:proton symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: alpha-ketoglutarate(out) + H+(out) = alpha-ketoglutarate(in) + H+(in).
15533 shikimate:proton symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: shikimate(out) + H+(out) = shikimate(in) + H+(in).
15535 fucose:proton symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: fucose(out) + H+(out) = fucose(in) + H+(in).
15537 xanthosine:hydrogen ion symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: xanthosine(out) + H+(out) = xanthosine(in) + H+(in).
15538 sialic acid:proton symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sialate(out) + H+(out) = sialate(in) + H+(in).
15539 hexuronate:cation symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: hexuronate(out) + cation(out) = hexuronate(in) + cation(in). The hexuronate may be glucuronate or galacturonate.
15540 3-hydroxyphenyl propionate:hydrogen ion symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: 3-hydroxyphenyl propionate(out) + H+(out) = 3-hydroxyphenyl propionate(in) + H+(in).
15541 secondary active cyanate uptake transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: cyanate(out) = cyanate(in).
15542 sugar efflux transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sugar(in) = sugar(out).
15544 phenyl propionate uptake uniporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: phenyl propionate(out) = phenyl propionate(in).
15545 bicyclomycin transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of bicyclomycin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Bicyclomycin (or bicozamycin) is an antibacterial drug often used as a livestock feed additive.
15546 sulfathiazole transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of sulfathiazole across a membrane. Sulfathiazole is an antibacterial agent of the sulfonamide group.
15547 nalidixic acid transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of nalidixic acid into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Nalidixic acid is a synthetic antibiotic that interferes with DNA gyrase and inhibits prokaryotic replication.
15548 organomercurial transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of organomercurial compounds into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Organomercurial substances are any organic compound containing a mercury atom.
15549 carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone is a proton ionophore, commonly used as an uncoupling agent and inhibitor of photosynthesis because of its effects on mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes.
15550 galacturonate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of galacturonate from one side of the membrane to the other. Galacturonate is the uronic acid formally derived from galactose by oxidation of the hydroxymethylene group at C-6 to a carboxyl group.
15551 3-hydroxyphenyl propanoate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of 3-hydroxyphenyl propanoate from one side of the membrane to the other.
15552 propionate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of propionate from one side of the membrane to the other. Propionate (or propanoate) is the organic acid CH3-CH2-COOH.
15553 xanthosine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of xanthosine, xanthine riboside, from one side of a membrane to the other.
15554 tartrate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of tartrate from one side of the membrane to the other. Tartrate is the anion of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, one of the aldaric acids. The L(+) enantiomer occurs widely in plants, especially in grape juice, and in fungi and bacteria.
15556 C4-dicarboxylate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of C4-dicarboxylate from one side of the membrane to the other.
15557 arginine targeting transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of fully folded proteins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by targeting the proteins to the transporter via a specialized N-terminal twin arginine signal peptide.
15558 p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate uptake transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate from the outside of a cell to the inside of the cell across a membrane.
15561 rhamnose:proton symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: rhamnose(out) + H+(out) = rhamnose(in) + H+(in).
15562 efflux transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of a specific substance or related group of substances from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.
15563 uptake transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of a specific substance or related group of substances from the outside of a cell to the inside across a membrane.
15565 threonine efflux transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of threonine from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.
15566 acriflavine transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of acriflavin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Acriflavin is a fluorescent dye used as a local antiseptic and also as a biological stain. It intercalates into nucleic acids thereby inhibiting bacterial and viral replication.
15567 alkane transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of alkanes into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Alkanes are saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds.
15568 L-idonate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of L-idonate from one side of the membrane to the other. L-idonate is an aldonic acid derived from L-idose, an aldohexose which is epimeric with D-glucose.
15569 p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate from one side of a membrane to the other. p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate is the anion of p-aminobenzoyl-glutamic acid.
15571 N-acetylgalactosamine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of N-acetylgalactosamine from one side of the membrane to the other. N-acetylgalactosamine, 2-acetamido-2-deoxygalactopyranose, is the n-acetyl derivative of galactosamine.
15572 N-acetylglucosamine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine from one side of the membrane to the other. The D isomer of N-acetylglucosamine is a common structural unit of glycoproteins in plants, bacteria and animals; it is often the terminal sugar of an oligosaccharide group of a glycoprotein.
15573 beta-glucoside transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of beta-glucosides from one side of the membrane to the other. Beta-glucosides are glycosides in which the sugar group is a glucose residue, and the anomeric carbon of the bond is in a beta configuration.
15574 trehalose transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of trehalose from one side of the membrane to the other. Trehalose is the disaccharide alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside that acts of a reserve carbohydrate in certain fungi, algae and lichens.
15575 mannitol transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of mannitol from one side of the membrane to the other. Mannitol is the alditol derived from D-mannose by reduction of the aldehyde group.
15576 sorbitol transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of sorbitol from one side of the membrane to the other. Sorbitol, also known as glucitol, is the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of glucose.
15577 galactitol transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of a galactitol from one side of the membrane to the other. Galactitol is the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of either D- or L-galactose.
15578 mannose transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of mannose from one side of the membrane to the other. Mannose is the aldohexose manno-hexose, the C-2 epimer of glucose. The D-(+)-form is widely distributed in mannans and hemicelluloses and is of major importance in the core oligosaccharide of N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins.
15591 D-ribose transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of D-ribose from one side of the membrane to the other. As beta-D-ribofuranose, D-ribose forms the glycose group of all ribonucleosides, ribonucleotides and ribonucleic acids, and also of ribose phosphates, various glycosides, some coenzymes and some forms of vitamin B12.
15592 methylgalactoside transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of methylgalactoside from one side of the membrane to the other. Methylgalactoside is a compound in which the H of the OH group on carbon-1 of galactose is replaced by a methyl group.
15593 allose transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of allose from one side of the membrane to the other. Allose is an aldohexose similar to glucose, differing only in the configuration of the hydroxyl group of C-3.
15594 putrescine-importing ATPase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + putrescine(out) -> ADP + phosphate + putrescine(in).
15595 spermidine-importing ATPase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + spermidine(out) -> ADP + phosphate + spermidine(in).
15598 arginine-importing ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + arginine(out) -> ADP + phosphate + arginine(in).
15599 glutamine-importing ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + glutamine(out) -> ADP + phosphate + glutamine(in).
15603 iron chelate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of an iron chelate from one side of a membrane to the other. An iron chelate is a heterocyclic compound having a metal ion attached by coordinate bonds to at least two nonmetal ions.
15604 organic phosphonate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of phosphonate from one side of a membrane to the other. A phosphonate is any salt, anion, or ester of phosphonic acid (HPO(OH)2).
15605 organophosphate ester transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of organophosphate esters from one side of a membrane to the other. Organophosphate esters are small organic molecules containing phosphate ester bonds.
15606 spermidine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane, from one side of the membrane to the other.
15607 fatty-acyl-CoA transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of a fatty acyl CoA group into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. A fatty acyl CoA group is any acyl group derived from a fatty acid with a coenzyme A group attached to it.
15608 carbohydrate-importing ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + carbohydrate(out) -> ADP + phosphate + carbohydrate(in).
15609 maltooligosaccharide-importing ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + maltooligosaccharide(out) -> ADP + phosphate + maltooligosaccharide(in).
15610 glycerol phosphate-importing ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + glycerol-phosphate(out) -> ADP + phosphate + glycerol-phosphate(in).
15611 D-ribose-importing ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + D-ribose(out) -> ADP + phosphate + D-ribose(in).
15612 L-arabinose-importing ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + L-arabinose(out) -> ADP + phosphate + L-arabinose(in).
15614 D-xylose-importing ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + D-xylose(out) -> ADP + phosphate + D-xylose(in).
15615 D-allose-importing ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + D-allose(out) -> ADP + phosphate + D-allose(in).
15616 DNA translocase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to drive movement along a single- or double-stranded DNA molecule.
15619 thiamine pyrophosphate-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + thiamine pyrophosphate(out) = ADP + phosphate + thiamine pyrophosphate(in).
15620 ferric-enterobactin transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of ferric-enterobactin from one side of a membrane to the other.
15621 ferric triacetylfusarinine C transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of ferric triacetylfusarinine C from one side of a membrane to the other.
15622 ferric-hydroxamate transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of ferric-hydroxamate from one side of a membrane to the other.
15623 iron-chelate-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + iron chelate(out) = ADP + phosphate + iron chelate(in). Fe-enterobactin, Fe-dicitrate, Fe-hydroxamate and other siderophores are imported.
15624 ferric-enterobactin-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + ferric-enterobactin(out) = ADP + phosphate + ferric-enterobactin(in).
15625 ferric-hydroxamate-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + ferric-hydroxamate(out) = ADP + phosphate + ferric-hydroxamate(in).
15626 L-diaminopimelate transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of L-diaminopimelate from one side of a membrane to the other. L-diaminopimelate is the L-enantiomer anion of 2,6-diaminoheptanedioic acid.
15627 type II protein secretion system complex C A large protein complex, containing 12-15 subunits, that spans the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria and mediates the movement of proteins into the extracellular environment. The complex includes a component in the cytoplasm, an inner membrane subcomplex that reaches into the periplasmic compartment and a secretion pore in the outer membrane. Proteins using the Type II pathway are transported across the cytoplasmic membrane by the Sec or Tat complex.
15628 protein secretion by the type II secretion system P The process in which proteins are secreted across the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria by the type II secretion system. Proteins using this pathway are first translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane via the Sec or Tat pathways.
15629 actin cytoskeleton C The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of actin and associated proteins. Includes actin cytoskeleton-associated complexes.
15630 microtubule cytoskeleton C The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of microtubules and associated proteins.
15631 tubulin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with monomeric or multimeric forms of tubulin, including microtubules.
15633 zinc-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Zn2+(out) = ADP + phosphate + Zn2+(in).
15634 lipopolysaccharide exporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of lipopolysaccharide from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane. A lipopolysaccharide is any of a group of related, structurally complex components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Lipopolysaccharides consist three covalently linked regions, lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and an O side chain. Lipid A is responsible for the toxicity of the lipopolysaccharide.
15635 short-chain fatty acid transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of short-chain fatty acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Short-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with a chain length of less than C6.
15636 short-chain fatty acid uptake transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of short-chain fatty acids into a cell or organelle. Short-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with a chain length of less than C6.
15638 microcin uptake transporter activity F Enables the transfer of a microcin from the outside of a cell to the inside of the cell across a membrane.
15639 ferrous iron uptake transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Fe2+(out) + energy = Fe2+(in).
15640 peptidoglycan peptide transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of peptidoglycan peptides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Peptidoglycan peptides are the oligopeptides found in peptidoglycan networks which cross-link the polysaccharide chains.
15643 toxic substance binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a toxic substance, a poisonous substance that causes damage to biological systems.
15645 fatty acid ligase activity F Catalysis of the ligation of a fatty acid to an acceptor, coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP.
15647 peptidoglycan transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of peptidoglycans, a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
15648 lipid-linked peptidoglycan transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of lipid-linked peptidoglycans into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
15649 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate:proton symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate(out) + H+(out) = 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate(in) + H+(in).
15650 lactate:proton symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: lactate (out) + H+ (out) = lactate (in) + H+ (in).
15651 quaternary ammonium group transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of quaternary ammonium groups from one side of a membrane to the other. Quaternary ammonium groups are any compound that can be regarded as derived from ammonium hydroxide or an ammonium salt by replacement of all four hydrogen atoms of the NH4+ ion by organic groups.
15652 quaternary ammonium group:proton symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: quaternary ammonium group(out) + H+(out) = quaternary ammonium group(in) + H+(in).
15653 glycine betaine:proton symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glycine betaine(out) + H+(out) = glycine betaine(in) + H+(in).
15654 tellurite uptake transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of tellurite from the outside of a cell to the inside across a membrane: tellurite(out) + H+(out) = tellurite(in) + H+(in).
15655 alanine:sodium symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: alanine(out) + Na+(out) = alanine(in) + Na+(in).
15657 branched-chain amino acid:sodium symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: branched-chain amino acid(out) + cation(out) = branched-chain amino acid(in) + cation(in).
15658 branched-chain amino acid transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of branched-chain amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Branched-chain amino acids are amino acids with a branched carbon skeleton without rings.
15659 formate uptake transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of formate from the outside of a cell to the inside of the cell across a membrane.
15660 formate efflux transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of formate from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.
15661 L-lysine efflux transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of L-lysine from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.
15662 ATPase activity, coupled to transmembrane movement of ions, phosphorylative mechanism F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to directly drive the transport of ions across a membrane. The reaction is characterized by the transient formation of a high-energy aspartyl-phosphoryl-enzyme intermediate.
15663 nicotinamide mononucleotide transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of nicotinamide mononucleotide into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Nicotinamide mononucleotide is a ribonucleotide in which the nitrogenous base, nicotinamide, is in beta-n-glycosidic linkage with the c-1 position of d-ribose. It is a constituent of NAD and NADP.
15665 alcohol transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of an alcohol from one side of the membrane to the other. An alcohol is any carbon compound that contains a hydroxyl group.
15666 restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity F Catalysis of endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA in a site-specific manner, resulting in double-strand breaks.
15667 site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (cytosine-N4-specific) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + DNA cytosine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + DNA N4-methylcytosine.
15668 Type III site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity F Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA to give double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates. ATP hydrolysis is required. Cleavage is dependent on the presence of two copies of a specific recognition sequence in an inverse orientation in the DNA. Cleavage occurs at a specific distance from one of the recognition sites.
15669 gas transport P The directed movement of substances that are gaseous in normal living conditions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15670 carbon dioxide transport P The directed movement of carbon dioxide (CO2) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15671 oxygen transport P The directed movement of oxygen (O2) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15672 monovalent inorganic cation transport P The directed movement of inorganic cations with a valency of one into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Inorganic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge which do not contain carbon in covalent linkage.
15673 silver ion transport P The directed movement of silver (Ag) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15675 nickel cation transport P The directed movement of nickel (Ni) cations into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15676 vanadium ion transport P The directed movement of vanadium (V) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15677 copper ion import P The directed movement of copper ions into a cell or organelle.
15678 high-affinity copper ion transport P The directed, high-affinity movement of copper (Cu) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
15679 plasma membrane copper ion transport P The directed movement of copper ions across the plasma membrane.
15680 intracellular copper ion transport P The directed movement of copper (Cu) ions within a cell.
15682 ferric iron transport P The directed movement of ferric iron (Fe(III) or Fe3+) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15683 high-affinity ferric iron transport P The directed, high-affinity movement of ferric (Fe(III) or Fe3+) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
15684 ferrous iron transport P The directed movement of ferrous iron (Fe(II) or Fe2+) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15685 ferric-enterobactin transport P The directed movement of ferric-enterobactin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15686 ferric triacetylfusarinine C transport P The directed movement of ferric triacetylfusarinine C into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15687 ferric-hydroxamate transport P The directed movement of ferric-hydroxamate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15688 iron chelate transport P The directed movement of iron chelates into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. An iron chelate is a heterocyclic compound having a metal ion attached by coordinate bonds to at least two nonmetal ions.
15689 molybdate ion transport P The directed movement of molybdate (MoO4 2-) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Molybdate is the bivalent anion derived from molybdic acid.
15690 aluminum cation transport P The directed movement of aluminum (Al) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15691 cadmium ion transport P The directed movement of cadmium (Cd) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15692 lead ion transport P The directed movement of lead (Pb) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15693 magnesium ion transport P The directed movement of magnesium (Mg) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15694 mercury ion transport P The directed movement of mercury (Hg) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15695 organic cation transport P The directed movement of organic cations into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Organic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage.
15696 ammonium transport P The directed movement of ammonium into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Ammonium is the cation NH4+ which is formed from N2 by root-nodule bacteria in leguminous plants and is an excretory product in ammonotelic animals.
15697 quaternary ammonium group transport P The directed movement into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore of quaternary ammonium compounds, any compound that can be regarded as derived from ammonium hydroxide or an ammonium salt by replacement of all four hydrogen atoms of the NH4+ ion by organic groups.
15698 inorganic anion transport P The directed movement of inorganic anions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Inorganic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which do not contain carbon in covalent linkage.
15699 antimonite transport P The directed movement of antimonite into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15700 arsenite transport P The directed movement of arsenite into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15701 bicarbonate transport P The directed movement of bicarbonate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15702 chlorate transport P The directed movement of chlorate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15703 chromate transport P The directed movement of chromate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15704 cyanate transport P The directed movement of cyanate, NCO-, the anion of cyanic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15705 iodide transport P The directed movement of iodide into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15706 nitrate transport P The directed movement of nitrate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15707 nitrite transport P The directed movement of nitrite into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15708 silicate transport P The directed movement of silicates into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Silicates are the salts of silicic acids, and are usually composed of silicon and oxygen (Si[x]O[y]), one or more metals, and possibly hydrogen. Types of silicate include unisilicates, metasilicates and hydrous silicates.
15709 thiosulfate transport P The directed movement of thiosulfate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15710 tellurite transport P The directed movement of tellurite into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15711 organic anion transport P The directed movement of organic anions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Organic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage.
15712 hexose phosphate transport P The directed movement of hexose phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15713 phosphoglycerate transport P The directed movement of phosphoglycerate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15714 phosphoenolpyruvate transport P The directed movement of phosphoenolpyruvate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15715 nucleotide-sulfate transport P The directed movement of nucleotide sulfate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15716 organic phosphonate transport P The directed movement of phosphonates into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A phosphonate is any salt, anion, or ester of phosphonic acid (HPO(OH)2).
15717 triose phosphate transport P The directed movement of triose phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15718 monocarboxylic acid transport P The directed movement of monocarboxylic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15719 allantoate transport P The directed movement of allantoate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15720 allantoin transport P The directed movement of allantoin, (2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)urea, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15721 bile acid and bile salt transport P The directed movement of bile acid and bile salts into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15722 canalicular bile acid transport P Catalysis of the transfer of bile acid from one side of a hepatocyte plasma membrane into a bile canaliculus. Bile canaliculi are the thin tubes formed by hepatocyte membranes. Bile acids are any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine.
15723 bilirubin transport P The directed movement of bilirubin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15724 formate transport P The directed movement of formate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15725 gluconate transport P The directed movement of gluconate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Gluconate is the aldonic acid derived from glucose.
15726 L-idonate transport P The directed movement of L-idonate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. L-idonate is an aldonic acid derived from L-idose, an aldohexose which is epimeric with D-glucose.
15727 lactate transport P The directed movement of lactate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Lactate is 2-hydroxypropanoate, CH3-CHOH-COOH; L(+)-lactate is formed by anaerobic glycolysis in animal tissues, and DL-lactate is found in sour milk, molasses and certain fruit juices.
15728 mevalonate transport P The directed movement of mevalonate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15729 oxaloacetate transport P The directed movement of oxaloacetate, the anion of oxobutanedioic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15730 propanoate transport P The directed movement of propionate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15731 3-hydroxyphenyl propanoate transport P The directed movement of 3-hydroxyphenyl propanoate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15732 prostaglandin transport P The directed movement of prostaglandins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15733 shikimate transport P The directed movement of shikimate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15734 taurine transport P The directed movement of taurine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15735 uronic acid transport P The directed movement of uronic acid into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15736 hexuronate transport P The directed movement of hexuronate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A hexuronate is any monocarboxylic acid derived from a hexose by oxidation of C-6.
15737 galacturonate transport P The directed movement of galacturonate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15738 glucuronate transport P The directed movement of glucuronate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15739 sialic acid transport P The directed movement of sialic acid into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15740 C4-dicarboxylate transport P The directed movement of a C4-dicarboxylate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A C4-dicarboxylate is the anion of a dicarboxylic acid that contains four carbon atoms.
15741 fumarate transport P The directed movement of fumarate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15742 alpha-ketoglutarate transport P The directed movement of alpha-ketoglutarate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15743 malate transport P The directed movement of malate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15744 succinate transport P The directed movement of succinate, the dianion of ethane dicarboxylic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15745 tartrate transport P The directed movement of tartrate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15746 citrate transport P The directed movement of citrate, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboyxlate, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15747 urate transport P The directed movement of urate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15748 organophosphate ester transport P The directed movement of organophosphate esters into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Organophosphate esters are small organic molecules containing phosphate ester bonds.
15749 monosaccharide transport P The directed movement of monosaccharides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates; they are polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms. They form the constitutional repeating units of oligo- and polysaccharides.
15750 pentose transport P The directed movement of pentoses into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A pentose is any aldose with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.
15751 arabinose transport P The directed movement of arabinose, a pentose monosaccharide that occurs in both D and L configurations, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15752 D-ribose transport P The directed movement of D-ribose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. As beta-D-ribofuranose, D-ribose forms the glycose group of all ribonucleosides, ribonucleotides and ribonucleic acids, and also of ribose phosphates, various glycosides, some coenzymes and some forms of vitamin B12.
15753 D-xylose transport P The directed movement of D-xylose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. D-xylose (the naturally occurring enantiomer is always D-) is a constituent of plant polysaccharides.
15754 allose transport P The directed movement of allose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Allose is an aldohexose similar to glucose, differing only in the configuration of the hydroxyl group of C-3.
15755 fructose transport P The directed movement of fructose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Fructose exists in a open chain form or as a ring compound. D-fructose is the sweetest of the sugars and is found free in a large number of fruits and honey.
15756 fucose transport P The directed movement of fucose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Fucose is 6-deoxygalactose and has two enantiomers, D-fucose and L-fucose.
15757 galactose transport P The directed movement of galactose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. D-galactose is widely distributed in combined form in plants, animals and microorganisms as a constituent of oligo- and polysaccharides; it also occurs in galactolipids and as its glucoside in lactose and melibiose.
15758 glucose transport P The directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15759 beta-glucoside transport P The directed movement of beta-glucosides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Beta-glucosides are glycosides in which the sugar group is a glucose residue, and the anomeric carbon of the bond is in a beta configuration.
15760 glucose-6-phosphate transport P The directed movement of glucose-6-phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Glucose-6-phosphate is a monophosphorylated derivative of glucose with the phosphate group attached to C-6.
15761 mannose transport P The directed movement of mannose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Mannose is the aldohexose manno-hexose, the C-2 epimer of glucose. The D-(+)-form is widely distributed in mannans and hemicelluloses and is of major importance in the core oligosaccharide of N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins.
15762 rhamnose transport P The directed movement of rhamnose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Rhamnose occurs commonly as a compound of plant glycosides, in polysaccharides of gums and mucilages, and in bacterial polysaccharides. It is also a component of some plant cell wall polysaccharides and frequently acts as the sugar components of flavonoids.
15763 N-acetylgalactosamine transport P The directed movement of N-acetylgalactosamine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. N-acetylgalactosamine, 2-acetamido-2-deoxygalactopyranose, is the n-acetyl derivative of galactosamine.
15764 N-acetylglucosamine transport P The directed movement of N-acetylglucosamine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15765 methylgalactoside transport P The directed movement of methylgalactoside into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Methylgalactoside is a compound in which the H of the OH group on carbon-1 of galactose is replaced by a methyl group.
15766 disaccharide transport P The directed movement of disaccharides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Disaccharides are sugars composed of two monosaccharide units.
15767 lactose transport P The directed movement of lactose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Lactose is a disaccharide 4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose, and constitutes roughly 5% of the milk in almost all mammals.
15768 maltose transport P The directed movement of maltose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Maltose is the disaccharide 4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose, an intermediate in the catabolism of glycogen and starch.
15769 melibiose transport P The directed movement of melibiose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Melibiose is the disaccharide 6-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose.
15770 sucrose transport P The directed movement of sucrose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Sucrose is the disaccharide fructofuranosyl-glucopyranoside.
15771 trehalose transport P The directed movement of trehalose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Trehalose is a disaccharide isomeric with sucrose and obtained from certain lichens and fungi.
15772 oligosaccharide transport P The directed movement of oligosaccharides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Oligosaccharides are molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages.
15773 raffinose transport P The directed movement of raffinose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Raffinose occurs in plants almost as commonly as sucrose and is present in cereal grains, cotton seeds, and many legumes. It is synthesized from sucrose by transfer of a galactopyranoside from myo-inositol.
15774 polysaccharide transport P The directed movement of polysaccharides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A polysaccharide is a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically.
15775 beta-glucan transport P The directed movement of beta-glucans into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Beta-glucans are compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-glucosidic bonds.
15776 capsular polysaccharide transport P The directed movement of capsular polysaccharides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Capsular polysaccharides make up the capsule, a protective structure surrounding some species of bacteria and fungi.
15777 teichoic acid transport P The directed movement of teichoic acid into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Teichoic acid is any polymer occurring in the cell wall, membrane or capsule of Gram-positive bacteria and containing chains of glycerol phosphate or ribitol phosphate residues.
15778 hexuronide transport P The directed movement of hexuronide into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Hexuronides are any compound formed by combination of glycosidic linkage of a hydroxy compound (e.g. an alcohol or a saccharide) with the anomeric carbon atom of a hexuronate.
15779 glucuronoside transport P The directed movement of glucuronosides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Glucuronosides are any compound formed by combination of glycosidic linkage of a hydroxy compound (e.g. an alcohol or a saccharide) with the anomeric carbon atom of glucuronate.
15780 nucleotide-sugar transport P The directed movement of nucleotide-sugars into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Nucleotide-sugars are any nucleotide in which the distal phosphoric residue of a nucleoside 5'-diphosphate is in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.
15781 pyrimidine nucleotide-sugar transport P The directed movement of pyrimidine nucleotide-sugars into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Pyrimidine nucleotide-sugars are pyrimidine nucleotides in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.
15782 CMP-N-acetylneuraminate transport P The directed movement of CMP-N-acetylneuraminate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15783 GDP-fucose transport P The directed movement of GDP-fucose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GDP-fucose is a substance composed of fucose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.
15784 GDP-mannose transport P The directed movement of GDP-mannose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GDP-mannose is a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.
15785 UDP-galactose transport P The directed movement of UDP-galactose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. UDP-galactose is a substance composed of galactose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
15786 UDP-glucose transport P The directed movement of UDP-glucose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. UDP-glucose is a substance composed of glucose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
15787 UDP-glucuronic acid transport P The directed movement of UDP-glucuronic acid into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. UDP-glucuronic acid is a substance composed of glucuronic acid in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
15788 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transport P The directed movement of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. N-acetylglucosamine is a substance composed of N-acetylglucosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
15789 UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine transport P The directed movement of UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine is a substance composed of N-acetylgalactosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
15790 UDP-xylose transport P The directed movement of UDP-xylose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. UDP-xylose is a substance composed of xylose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
15791 polyol transport P The directed movement of polyols, any polyhydric alcohol, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15792 arabinitol transport P The directed movement of arabitol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Arabitol is the pentitol derived from arabinose or lyxose by reduction of the aldehyde group. The D enantiomer is present in lichens and mushrooms.
15793 glycerol transport P The directed movement of glycerol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Glycerol is 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids.
15794 glycerol-3-phosphate transport P The directed movement of glycerol-3-phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Glycerol-3-phosphate is a phosphoric monoester of glycerol.
15795 sorbitol transport P The directed movement of sorbitol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Sorbitol, also known as glucitol, is the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of glucose.
15796 galactitol transport P The directed movement of galactitol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Galactitol is the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of either D- or L-galactose.
15797 mannitol transport P The directed movement of mannitol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Mannitol is the alditol derived from D-mannose by reduction of the aldehyde group.
15798 myo-inositol transport P The directed movement of myo-inositol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Myo-inositol is 1,2,3,4,5/4,6-cyclohexanehexol, a growth factor for animals and microorganisms.
15799 propanediol transport P The directed movement of propanediol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Propanediol is a sweet colorless, viscous, hygroscopic liquid used as an antifreeze and in brake fluid; it is also as a humectant in cosmetics and personal care items, although it can be absorbed through the skin with harmful effects.
15800 acidic amino acid transport P The directed movement of acidic amino acids, amino acids with a pH below 7, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15801 aromatic amino acid transport P The directed movement of aromatic amino acids, amino acids with aromatic ring, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15802 basic amino acid transport P The directed movement of basic amino acids, amino acids with a pH above 7, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15803 branched-chain amino acid transport P The directed movement of branched-chain amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Branched-chain amino acids are amino acids with a branched carbon skeleton without rings.
15804 neutral amino acid transport P The directed movement of neutral amino acids, amino acids with no net charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15805 S-adenosyl-L-methionine transport P The directed movement of S-adenosylmethionine, S-(5'-adenosyl)-L-methionine, an important intermediate in one-carbon metabolism, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15806 S-methylmethionine transport P The directed movement of S-methylmethionine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15807 L-amino acid transport P The directed movement of L-enantiomer amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15808 L-alanine transport P The directed movement of L-alanine, the L-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15809 arginine transport P The directed movement of arginine, 2-amino-5-guanidinopentanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15810 aspartate transport P The directed movement of aspartate, the anion of aspartic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15811 L-cystine transport P The directed movement of L-cystine (also known as dicysteine) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15812 gamma-aminobutyric acid transport P The directed movement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15813 L-glutamate transport P The directed movement of L-glutamate, the L enantiomer anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15814 p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate transport P The directed movement of p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate, the anion of p-aminobenzoyl-glutamic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15816 glycine transport P The directed movement of glycine, aminoethanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15817 histidine transport P The directed movement of histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15818 isoleucine transport P The directed movement of isoleucine, (2R*,3R*)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15819 lysine transport P The directed movement of lysine, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15820 leucine transport P The directed movement of leucine, 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15821 methionine transport P The directed movement of methionine, 2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15822 ornithine transport P The directed movement of ornithine, 2,5-diaminopentanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15823 phenylalanine transport P The directed movement of phenylalanine, 2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15824 proline transport P The directed movement of proline, pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15825 L-serine transport P The directed movement of L-serine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15826 threonine transport P The directed movement of threonine, (2R*,3S*)-2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15827 tryptophan transport P The directed movement of tryptophan, 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15828 tyrosine transport P The directed movement of tyrosine, 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15829 valine transport P The directed movement of valine, 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15830 diaminopimelate transport P The directed movement of diaminopimelate, the anion of 2,6-diaminoheptanedioic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15833 peptide transport P The directed movement of peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15834 peptidoglycan-associated peptide transport P The directed movement of peptidoglycan peptides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Peptidoglycan peptides are the oligopeptides found in peptidoglycan networks which cross-link the polysaccharide chains.
15835 peptidoglycan transport P The directed movement of peptidoglycans, a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15836 lipid-linked peptidoglycan transport P The directed movement of lipid-linked peptidoglycans into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15837 amine transport P The directed movement of amines, including polyamines, organic compounds containing one or more amino groups, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15838 amino-acid betaine transport P The directed movement of betaine, the N-trimethyl derivative of an amino acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15839 cadaverine transport P The directed movement of cadaverine, 1,5-pentanediamine, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15840 urea transport P The directed movement of urea into, out of or within the cell. Urea is the water-soluble compound H2N-CO-NH2.
15841 chromaffin granule amine transport P The directed movement of amines into, out of or within chromaffin granules.
15842 aminergic neurotransmitter loading into synaptic vesicle P The active transport of aminergic neurotransmitters into a synaptic vesicle. This import is fuelled by an electrochemical gradient across the vesicle membrane, established by the action proton pumps.
15843 methylammonium transport P The directed movement of methylammonium into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15844 monoamine transport P The directed movement of monoamines, organic compounds that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by an ethylene group (-CH2-CH2-), into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15846 polyamine transport P The directed movement of polyamines, organic compounds containing two or more amino groups, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15847 putrescine transport P The directed movement of putrescine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Putrescine is 1,4-diaminobutane, the polyamine formed by decarboxylation of ornithine and the metabolic precursor of spermidine and spermine.
15848 spermidine transport P The directed movement of spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane, a polyamine formed by the transfer of a propylamine group from decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine to putrescine, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15849 organic acid transport P The directed movement of organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15850 organic hydroxy compound transport P The directed movement of an organic hydroxy compound (organic alcohol) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. An organic hydroxy compound is an organic compound having at least one hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom.
15851 nucleobase transport P The directed movement of a nucleobase, any nitrogenous base that is a constituent of a nucleoside, nucleotide, or nucleic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15853 adenine transport P The directed movement of adenine, 6-aminopurine, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15854 guanine transport P The directed movement of guanine, 2-amino-6-hydroxypurine, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15855 pyrimidine nucleobase transport P The directed movement of pyrimidine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15856 cytosine transport P The directed movement of cytosine, 4-amino-2-hydroxypyrimidine, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15857 uracil transport P The directed movement of uracil, 2,4-dioxopyrimidine, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15858 nucleoside transport P The directed movement of a nucleoside, a nucleobase linked to either beta-D-ribofuranose (ribonucleoside) or 2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose, (a deoxyribonucleotide), into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15859 intracellular nucleoside transport P The directed movement of a nucleoside, a nucleobase linked to either beta-D-ribofuranose (ribonucleoside) or 2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose, (a deoxyribonucleotide), within a cell.
15860 purine nucleoside transmembrane transport P The directed movement of a purine nucleoside across a membrane. A purine nucleoside is a purine base covalently bonded to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar.
15861 cytidine transport P The directed movement of cytidine, cytosine riboside, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15862 uridine transport P The directed movement of uridine, uracil riboside, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15863 xanthosine transport P The directed movement of xanthosine, xanthine riboside, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15864 pyrimidine nucleoside transport P The directed movement of a pyrimidine nucleoside, a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15865 purine nucleotide transport P The directed movement of a purine nucleotide, any compound consisting of a purine nucleoside esterified with (ortho)phosphate, into, out of or within a cell.
15866 ADP transport P The directed movement of ADP, adenosine diphosphate, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15867 ATP transport P The directed movement of ATP, adenosine triphosphate, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15868 purine ribonucleotide transport P The directed movement of a purine ribonucleotide, any compound consisting of a purine ribonucleoside (a purine organic base attached to a ribose sugar) esterified with (ortho)phosphate, into, out of or within a cell.
15869 protein-DNA complex transport P The directed movement of protein-DNA complexes into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15870 acetylcholine transport P The directed movement of acetylcholine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Acetylcholine is an acetic acid ester of the organic base choline and functions as a neurotransmitter, released at the synapses of parasympathetic nerves and at neuromuscular junctions.
15871 choline transport P The directed movement of choline into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium) is an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
15872 dopamine transport P The directed movement of dopamine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline.
15874 norepinephrine transport P The directed movement of norepinephrine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Norepinephrine (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-2-aminoethanol) is a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts of the CNS. It is also the biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine.
15876 acetyl-CoA transport P The directed movement of acetyl-CoA into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Acetyl-CoA is a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated; it is a metabolite derived from several pathways (e.g. glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, amino-acid catabolism) and is further metabolized by the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It is a key intermediate in lipid and terpenoid biosynthesis.
15877 biopterin transport P The directed movement of biopterin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Biopterin is a growth factor for certain protozoans and some insects; it is widely distributed in tissues and functions in a reduced form, tetrahydrobiopterin, as a hydroxylation coenzyme.
15878 biotin transport P The directed movement of biotin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Biotin is cis-tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid; the (+) enantiomer is very widely distributed in cells and serves as a carrier in a number of enzymatic beta-carboxylation reactions.
15879 carnitine transport P The directed movement of carnitine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Carnitine is a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
15880 coenzyme A transport P The directed movement of coenzyme A into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, is an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester.
15881 creatine transport P The directed movement of creatine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Creatine is a compound synthesized from the amino acids arginine, glycine, and methionine that occurs in muscle.
15882 L-ascorbic acid transport P The directed movement of L-ascorbic acid into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. L-ascorbate, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate, is vitamin C and has co-factor and anti-oxidant activities in many species.
15883 FAD transport P The directed movement of flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. FAD forms the coenzyme of the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes, in which it functions as an electron acceptor by being reversibly converted to its reduced form.
15884 folic acid transport P The directed movement of folic acid (pteroylglutamic acid) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Folic acid is widely distributed as a member of the vitamin B complex and is essential for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidines.
15885 5-formyltetrahydrofolate transport P The directed movement of 5-formyltetrahydrofolate, the formylated derivative of tetrahydrofolate, into, out of, within, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15886 heme transport P The directed movement of heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15887 pantothenate transmembrane transport P The directed movement of pantothenate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Pantothenate is the anion of pantothenic acid, the amide of beta-alanine and pantoic acid; it is a B complex vitamin that is a constituent of coenzyme A and is distributed ubiquitously in foods.
15888 thiamine transport P The directed movement of thiamine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Thiamine is vitamin B1, a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver.
15889 cobalamin transport P The directed movement of cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15890 nicotinamide mononucleotide transport P The directed movement of nicotinamide mononucleotide into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Nicotinamide mononucleotide is a ribonucleotide in which the nitrogenous base, nicotinamide, is in beta-n-glycosidic linkage with the c-1 position of D-ribose. It is a constituent of NAD and NADP.
15891 siderophore transport P The directed movement of siderophores, low molecular weight Fe(III)-chelating substances, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15893 drug transport P The directed movement of a drug, a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15894 acriflavine transport P The directed movement of acriflavine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Acriflavine is a fluorescent dye used as a local antiseptic and also as a biological stain. It intercalates into nucleic acids thereby inhibiting bacterial and viral replication.
15895 alkane transport P The directed movement of alkanes into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Alkanes are saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds.
15896 nalidixic acid transport P The directed movement of nalidixic acid into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Nalidixic acid is a synthetic antibiotic that interferes with DNA gyrase and inhibits prokaryotic replication.
15897 organomercurial transport P The directed movement of organomercurial compounds into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Organomercurial substances are any organic compound containing a mercury atom.
15898 amiloride transport P The directed movement amiloride into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Amiloride is a potent and specific inhibitor of sodium ion entry into cells. It is used as a potassium-sparing diuretic.
15899 aminotriazole transport P The directed movement of aminotriazole into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Aminotriazole is an effective weed killer that also possesses some antithyroid activity.
15900 benomyl transport P The directed movement of benomyl into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Benomyl, methyl 1-(butylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazolecarbamate, is a systemic agricultural fungicide used for control of certain fungal diseases of stone fruit.
15901 cycloheximide transport P The directed movement of cycloheximide into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Cycloheximide is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces which interferes with protein synthesis in eukaryotes.
15902 carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone transport P The directed movement of carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone is a proton ionophore, commonly used as an uncoupling agent and inhibitor of photosynthesis because of its effects on mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes.
15903 fluconazole transport P The directed movement of fluconazole into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Fluconazole is an antifungal drug used for oral candidiasis and cryptococcal meningitis; it is still under study for treatment of vaginal candidiasis and other fungal infections.
15904 tetracycline transport P The directed movement of tetracycline into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Tetracycline is a broad spectrum antibiotic that blocks binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the ribosomes of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms (and those of organelles).
15905 bicyclomycin transport P The directed movement of bicyclomycin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Bicyclomycin (or bicozamycin) is an antibacterial drug often used as a livestock feed additive.
15906 sulfathiazole transport P The directed movement of sulfathiazole into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Sulfathiazole is an antibacterial agent of the sulfonamide group.
15908 fatty acid transport P The directed movement of fatty acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Fatty acids are aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis.
15909 long-chain fatty acid transport P The directed movement of long-chain fatty acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.
15910 peroxisomal long-chain fatty acid import P The directed movement of long-chain fatty acids into a peroxisome. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.
15911 plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport P The directed movement of long-chain fatty acids across the plasma membrane. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.
15912 short-chain fatty acid transport P The directed movement of short-chain fatty acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Short-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with a chain length of less than C6.
15913 short-chain fatty acid import P The directed movement of short-chain fatty acids into a cell or organelle. Short-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with a chain length of less than C6.
15914 phospholipid transport P The directed movement of phospholipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Phospholipids are any lipids containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.
15915 fatty-acyl group transport P The directed movement of fatty acyl groups into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A fatty acyl group is any acyl group derived from a fatty acid.
15916 fatty-acyl-CoA transport P The directed movement of fatty acyl coenzyme A into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Fatty acyl coenzyme A is an acyl group linked to 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine (coenzyme A).
15917 aminophospholipid transport P The directed movement of aminophospholipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Aminophospholipids contain phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester and an amino (NH2) group.
15918 sterol transport P The directed movement of sterols into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Sterols are steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.
15919 peroxisomal membrane transport P The directed movement of substances to, from or across the peroxisomal membrane.
15920 lipopolysaccharide transport P The directed movement of lipopolysaccharides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A lipopolysaccharide is any of a group of related, structurally complex components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Lipopolysaccharides consist three covalently linked regions, lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and an O side chain. Lipid A is responsible for the toxicity of the lipopolysaccharide.
15921 lipopolysaccharide export P The directed movement of lipopolysaccharides out of a cell or organelle.
15922 aspartate oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: aspartate + O2 = iminosuccinate + hydrogen peroxide.
15923 mannosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of mannosyl compounds, substances containing a group derived from a cyclic form of mannose or a mannose derivative.
15924 mannosyl-oligosaccharide mannosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the terminal alpha-D-mannose residues in oligo-mannose oligosaccharides.
15925 galactosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of galactosyl compounds, substances containing a group derived from a cyclic form of galactose or a galactose derivative.
15926 glucosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of glucosyl compounds, substances containing a group derived from a cyclic form of glucose or a glucose derivative.
15927 trehalase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of trehalose or a trehalose derivative.
15928 fucosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of fucosyl compounds, substances containing a group derived from a cyclic form of fucose or a fucose derivative.
15929 hexosaminidase activity F Catalysis of the cleavage of hexosamine or N-acetylhexosamine residues (e.g. N-acetylglucosamine) residues from gangliosides or other glycoside oligosaccharides.
15930 glutamate synthase activity F Catalysis of the formation of L-glutamine and 2-oxoglutarate from L-glutamate, using NADH, NADPH or ferredoxin as hydrogen acceptors.
15931 nucleobase-containing compound transport P The directed movement of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15932 nucleobase-containing compound transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids from one side of a membrane to the other.
15934 large ribosomal subunit C The larger of the two subunits of a ribosome. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation, namely the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site).
15935 small ribosomal subunit C The smaller of the two subunits of a ribosome.
15936 coenzyme A metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester.
15937 coenzyme A biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester.
15938 coenzyme A catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester.
15939 pantothenate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving pantothenate, the anion of pantothenic acid, the amide of beta-alanine and pantoic acid. It is a B complex vitamin that is a constituent of coenzyme A and is distributed ubiquitously in foods.
15940 pantothenate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pantothenate, the anion of pantothenic acid. It is a B complex vitamin that is a constituent of coenzyme A and is distributed ubiquitously in foods.
15941 pantothenate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pantothenate, the anion of pantothenic acid. It is a B complex vitamin that is a constituent of coenzyme A and is distributed ubiquitously in foods.
15942 formate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving formate, also known as methanoate, the anion HCOO- derived from methanoic (formic) acid.
15943 formate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of formate, also known as methanoate, the anion HCOO- derived from methanoic (formic) acid.
15944 formate oxidation P The chemical reactions and pathways by which formate is converted to CO2.
15945 methanol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving methanol, CH3-OH, a colorless, flammable, mobile, poisonous liquid, widely used as a solvent.
15946 methanol oxidation P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of methanol to methyl-Coenzyme M.
15947 methane metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving methane, a colorless, odorless, flammable gas with the formula CH4. It is the simplest of the alkanes.
15948 methanogenesis P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methane, a colorless, odorless, flammable gas with the formula CH4. It is the simplest of the alkanes.
15949 nucleobase-containing small molecule interconversion P The chemical reactions and pathways by which a nucleobase, nucleoside or nucleotide small molecule is synthesized from another nucleobase, nucleoside or nucleotide small molecule.
15950 purine nucleotide interconversion P The chemical reactions and pathways by which a purine nucleotide is synthesized from another purine nucleotide.
15951 purine ribonucleotide interconversion P The chemical reactions and pathways by which a purine ribonucleotide is synthesized from another purine ribonucleotide.
15952 purine deoxyribonucleotide interconversion P The chemical reactions and pathways by which a purine deoxyribonucleotide is synthesized from another purine deoxyribonucleotide.
15953 pyrimidine nucleotide interconversion P The chemical reactions and pathways by which a pyrimidine nucleotide is synthesized from another pyrimidine nucleotide.
15954 pyrimidine ribonucleotide interconversion P The chemical reactions and pathways by which a pyrimidine ribonucleotide is synthesized from another pyrimidine ribonucleotide.
15955 pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide interconversion P The chemical reactions and pathways by which a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide is synthesized from another pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide.
15956 bis(5'-nucleosidyl) oligophosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a bis(5'-nucleosidyl) oligophosphate, a compound formed of two nucleosides joined together through their 5' carbons by a chain of phosphate molecules.
15957 bis(5'-nucleosidyl) oligophosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a bis(5'-nucleosidyl) oligophosphate, a compound formed of two nucleosides joined together through their 5' carbons by a chain of phosphate molecules.
15958 bis(5'-nucleosidyl) oligophosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a bis(5'-nucleosidyl) oligophosphate, a compound formed of two nucleosides joined together through their 5' carbons by a chain of phosphate molecules.
15959 diadenosine polyphosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving diadenosine polyphosphate, a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine with phosphate groups attached.
15960 diadenosine polyphosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diadenosine polyphosphate, a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine with phosphate groups attached.
15961 diadenosine polyphosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of diadenosine polyphosphate, a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine with phosphate groups attached.
15962 diadenosine triphosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving diadenosine triphosphate, a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine with three phosphate groups attached.
15963 diadenosine triphosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diadenosine triphosphate, a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine with three phosphate groups attached.
15964 diadenosine triphosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of diadenosine triphosphate, a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine with three phosphate groups attached.
15965 diadenosine tetraphosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving diadenosine tetraphosphate, a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine with four phosphate groups attached.
15966 diadenosine tetraphosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diadenosine tetraphosphate, a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine with four phosphate groups attached.
15967 diadenosine tetraphosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of diadenosine tetraphosphate, a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine with four phosphate groups attached.
15968 stringent response P A specific global change in the metabolism of a bacterial cell (the downregulation of nucleic acid and protein synthesis, and the simultaneous upregulation of protein degradation and amino acid synthesis) as a result of starvation.
15969 guanosine tetraphosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving guanine tetraphosphate (5'-ppGpp-3'), a derivative of guanine riboside with four phosphates.
15970 guanosine tetraphosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of guanine tetraphosphate (5'-ppGpp-3'), a derivative of guanine riboside with four phosphates.
15971 guanosine tetraphosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guanine tetraphosphate (5'-ppGpp-3'), a derivative of guanine riboside with four phosphates.
15972 guanosine pentaphosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving guanine pentaphosphate (5'-pppGpp-3'), a derivative of guanine riboside with five phosphates.
15973 guanosine pentaphosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of guanine pentaphosphate (5'-pppGpp-3'), a derivative of guanine riboside with five phosphates.
15974 guanosine pentaphosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guanine pentaphosphate (5'-pppGpp-3'), a derivative of guanine riboside with five phosphates.
15975 energy derivation by oxidation of reduced inorganic compounds P The chemical reactions and pathways by which a cell derives energy from inorganic compounds; results in the oxidation of the compounds from which energy is released.
15976 carbon utilization P A series of processes that forms an integrated mechanism by which a cell or an organism detects the depletion of primary carbon sources and then activates genes to scavenge the last traces of the primary carbon source and to transport and metabolize alternative carbon sources such as carbon dioxide or carbonic acid. The utilization process begins when the cell or organism detects carbon levels, includes the activation of genes whose products detect, transport or metabolize carbon-containing substances, and ends when carbon is incorporated into the cell or organism's metabolism.
15977 carbon fixation P A metabolic process in which carbon (usually derived from carbon dioxide) is incorporated into organic compounds (usually carbohydrates).
15979 photosynthesis P The synthesis by organisms of organic chemical compounds, especially carbohydrates, from carbon dioxide (CO2) using energy obtained from light rather than from the oxidation of chemical compounds.
15980 energy derivation by oxidation of organic compounds P The chemical reactions and pathways by which a cell derives energy from organic compounds; results in the oxidation of the compounds from which energy is released.
15985 energy coupled proton transport, down electrochemical gradient P The transport of protons across a membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that provides energy for the synthesis of ATP or GTP.
15986 ATP synthesis coupled proton transport P The transport of protons across a membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that powers ATP synthesis.
15987 GTP synthesis coupled proton transport P The transport of protons across a membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that powers GTP synthesis.
15988 energy coupled proton transmembrane transport, against electrochemical gradient P The transport of protons across a membrane and against an electrochemical gradient, using energy from a source such as ATP hydrolysis, light, or electron transport.
15989 light-driven proton transport P The transport of protons against an electrochemical gradient, using energy from light.
15990 electron transport coupled proton transport P The transport of protons against an electrochemical gradient, using energy from electron transport.
15991 ATP hydrolysis coupled proton transport P The transport of protons against an electrochemical gradient, using energy from ATP hydrolysis.
15992 proton transport P The directed movement of protons (hydrogen ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15993 molecular hydrogen transport P The directed movement of molecular hydrogen (H2) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
15994 chlorophyll metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving chlorophyll, any compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment.
15995 chlorophyll biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chlorophyll, any compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment, from less complex precursors.
15996 chlorophyll catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chlorophyll, any compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment, into less complex products.
16002 sulfite reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: hydrogen sulfide + acceptor + 3 H2O = sulfite + reduced acceptor.
16004 phospholipase activator activity F Increases the activity of a phospholipase, an enzyme that catalyzes of the hydrolysis of a glycerophospholipid.
16005 phospholipase A2 activator activity F Increases the activity of the enzyme phospholipase A2.
16006 Nebenkern C A product of the fusion of the mitochondria during spermatogenesis. After the completion of meiosis the mitochondria of the spermatid collect along side the nucleus and fuse into two masses; these wrap around each other to produce the spherical Nebenkern. During flagellum elongation the Nebenkern unfolds and the two derivatives (major and minor mitochondrial derivatives) elongate down the axoneme.
16007 mitochondrial derivative C The major and minor mitochondrial derivatives are the mitochondria of the sperm tail and derive by the unfolding of the Nebenkern during flagellum elongation.
16008 major mitochondrial derivative C The larger of the two mitochondrial derivatives that arise by the unfolding of the Nebenkern during flagellum elongation; the major mitochondrial derivative is ovoid and darker than the minor derivative.
16009 minor mitochondrial derivative C The smaller of the two mitochondrial derivatives that arise by the unfolding of the Nebenkern during flagellum elongation.
16010 dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex C A multiprotein complex that forms a strong mechanical link between the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix; typical of, but not confined to, muscle cells. The complex is composed of transmembrane, cytoplasmic, and extracellular proteins, including dystrophin, sarcoglycans, dystroglycan, dystrobrevins, syntrophins, sarcospan, caveolin-3, and NO synthase.
16011 dystroglycan complex C A protein complex that includes alpha- and beta-dystroglycan, which are alternative products of the same gene; the laminin-binding component of the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex, providing a link between the subsarcolemmal cytoskeleton (in muscle cells) and the extracellular matrix. Alpha-dystroglycan is an extracellular protein binding to alpha-laminin and to beta-dystroglycan; beta-dystroglycan is a transmembrane protein which binds alpha-dystroglycan and dystrophin.
16012 sarcoglycan complex C A protein complex formed of four sarcoglycans plus sarcospan; there are six known sarcoglycans: alpha-, beta-, gamma-, delta-, epsilon- and zeta-sarcoglycan; all are N-glycosylated single-pass transmembrane proteins. The sarcoglycan-sarcospan complex is a subcomplex of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex, and is fixed to the dystrophin axis by a lateral association with the dystroglycan complex.
16013 syntrophin complex C A protein complex that includes alpha-, beta1-, beta2-syntrophins and syntrophin-like proteins; the syntrophin complex binds to the second half of the carboxy-terminal domain of dystrophin; also associates with neuronal nitric oxide synthase.
16014 dystrobrevin complex C A protein complex comprising alpha- and beta-dystrobrevin; forms part of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex.
16015 morphogen activity F Acts as a trigger for a pattern specification process when present at a specific concentration within a gradient.
16018 cyclosporin A binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cyclosporin A, a cyclic undecapeptide that contains several N-methylated and unusual amino acids.
16019 peptidoglycan receptor activity F Combining with a peptidoglycan and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.
16020 membrane C A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.
16021 integral component of membrane C The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
16024 CDP-diacylglycerol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CDP-diacylglycerol, CDP-1,2-diacylglycerol, a substance composed of diacylglycerol in glycosidic linkage with cytidine diphosphate.
16027 inaD signaling complex C A complex of proteins that are involved in phototransduction and attached to the transient receptor potential (TRP) channel. The protein connections are mediated through inaD.
16028 rhabdomere C The specialized microvilli-containing organelle on the apical surfaces of a photoreceptor cell containing the visual pigment rhodopsin and most of the proteins involved in phototransduction.
16029 subrhabdomeral cisterna C A membrane-bounded compartment that is found at the base of the rhabdomere and contains stored calcium, InsP3 receptors and smooth endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase.
16031 tRNA import into mitochondrion P The directed movement of tRNA, transfer ribonucleic acid, from the cytoplasm into a mitochondrion.
16032 viral process P A multi-organism process in which a virus is a participant. The other participant is the host. Includes infection of a host cell, replication of the viral genome, and assembly of progeny virus particles. In some cases the viral genetic material may integrate into the host genome and only subsequently, under particular circumstances, 'complete' its life cycle.
16034 maleylacetoacetate isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-maleylacetoacetate = 4-fumarylacetoacetate.
16035 zeta DNA polymerase complex C A heterodimeric DNA polymerase complex that catalyzes error-prone DNA synthesis in contexts such as translesion synthesis and double-stranded break repair. First characterized in Saccharomyces, in which the subunits are Rev3p and Rev7p; a third protein, Rev1p, is often associated with the polymerase dimer.
16036 cellular response to phosphate starvation P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of phosphate.
16037 light absorption P The reception of a photon by a cell.
16038 absorption of visible light P The reception of a (visible light) photon by a cell, visible light being defined as having a wavelength within the range 380-780 nm.
16039 absorption of UV light P The reception of a (UV light) photon by a cell, UV light being defined as having a wavelength within the range 13.6-400 nm.
16040 glutamate synthase (NADH) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-glutamate + NAD(+) = 2-oxoglutarate + L-glutamine + H(+) + NADH.
16041 glutamate synthase (ferredoxin) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-glutamate + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = L-glutamine + 2-oxoglutarate + 2 reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+. This is a two-step reaction: (a) L-glutamate + NH3 = L-glutamine + H2O, (b) L-glutamate + 2 oxidized ferredoxin + H2O = NH3 + 2-oxoglutarate + 2 reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+.
16042 lipid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent.
16043 cellular component organization P A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component.
16045 detection of bacterium P The series of events in which a stimulus from a bacterium is received and converted into a molecular signal.
16046 detection of fungus P The series of events in which a stimulus from a fungus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
16047 detection of parasitic fungus P The series of events in which a stimulus from a parasitic fungus (a fungus which spends all or part of its life in or on another organism from which it obtains nourishment and/or protection) is received and converted into a molecular signal.
16048 detection of temperature stimulus P The series of events in which a temperature stimulus (hot or cold) is received and converted into a molecular signal.
16049 cell growth P The process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present.
16050 vesicle organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vesicle.
16051 carbohydrate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y.
16052 carbohydrate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y.
16053 organic acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage.
16054 organic acid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage.
16055 Wnt signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell and ending with a change in cell state.
16056 rhodopsin mediated signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of excitation of rhodopsin by a photon and the events that convert the absorbed photons into a cellular response.
16057 regulation of membrane potential in photoreceptor cell P Hyperpolarization (vertebrates) or depolarization (invertebrates) of the photoreceptor cell membrane via closing/opening of cation specific channels as a result of signals generated by rhodopsin activation by a photon.
16058 maintenance of membrane potential in photoreceptor cell by rhodopsin mediated signaling P Maintenance of the excited state of a photoreceptor cell to produce a steady-state current as a result of signals generated by rhodopsin activation by a photon.
16059 deactivation of rhodopsin mediated signaling P The process of restoring the photoreceptor cell to its unexcited state after termination of the stimulus (photon).
16060 metarhodopsin inactivation P The process in which metarhodopsin is prevented from generating molecular signals. Activated rhodopsin (R*) is inactivated by a two-step process: first, R* is phosphorylated by rhodopsin kinase which lowers the activity of R*. Second, the protein arrestin binds to phosphorylated R* to de-activate it.
16061 regulation of light-activated channel activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of light-activated channel activity.
16062 adaptation of rhodopsin mediated signaling P The process in which a rhodopsin-mediated signaling pathway is adjusted to modulate the sensitivity and response of a visual system to light stimuli (that might vary over more than 6 magnitudes in intensity) without response saturation.
16063 rhodopsin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of rhodopsin, a brilliant purplish-red, light-sensitive visual pigment found in the rod cells of the retinas.
16064 immunoglobulin mediated immune response P An immune response mediated by immunoglobulins, whether cell-bound or in solution.
16068 type I hypersensitivity P An inflammatory response driven by antigen recognition by antibodies bound to Fc receptors on mast cells or basophils, occurring within minutes after exposure of a sensitized individual to the antigen, and leading to the release of a variety of inflammatory mediators such as histamines.
16070 RNA metabolic process P The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage.
16071 mRNA metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving mRNA, messenger RNA, which is responsible for carrying the coded genetic 'message', transcribed from DNA, to sites of protein assembly at the ribosomes.
16072 rRNA metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving rRNA, ribosomal RNA, a structural constituent of ribosomes.
16073 snRNA metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving snRNA, small nuclear RNA, any of various low-molecular-mass RNA molecules found in the eukaryotic nucleus as components of the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein.
16074 snoRNA metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving snoRNA, small nucleolar RNA, any of a class of small RNAs that are associated with the eukaryotic nucleus as components of small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins. They participate in the processing or modifications of many RNAs, mostly ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) though snoRNAs are also known to target other classes of RNA, including spliceosomal RNAs, tRNAs, and mRNAs via a stretch of sequence that is complementary to a sequence in the targeted RNA.
16075 rRNA catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of rRNA, ribosomal RNA, a structural constituent of ribosomes.
16076 snRNA catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of snRNA, small nuclear RNA, low-molecular-mass RNA molecules found in the eukaryotic nucleus as components of the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein.
16077 snoRNA catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of snoRNA, small nucleolar RNA, any of a class of small RNAs that are associated with the eukaryotic nucleus as components of small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins.
16078 tRNA catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tRNA, transfer RNA, a class of relatively small RNA molecules responsible for mediating the insertion of amino acids into the sequence of nascent polypeptide chains during protein synthesis.
16079 synaptic vesicle exocytosis P Fusion of intracellular membrane-bounded vesicles with the pre-synaptic membrane of the neuronal cell resulting in release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft.
16080 synaptic vesicle targeting P The process in which synaptic vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes, mediated by molecules at the vesicle membrane and target membrane surfaces.
16081 synaptic vesicle docking P The initial (indirect) attachment of a synaptic vesicle membrane to the presynaptic active zone membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane and proteins of the presynaptic active zone cytoplasmic component. Synaptic vesicle tethering is the first step in this process.
16082 synaptic vesicle priming P The formation of SNARE-containing complexes, bringing synaptic vesicle membrane and plasma membranes into close proximity and thereby facilitating membrane fusion.
16084 myostimulatory hormone activity F The action characteristic of myostimulatory hormone, a peptide hormone that stimulates muscle contraction.
16085 myoinhibitory hormone activity F The action characteristic of myostimulatory hormone, a peptide hormone that inhibits muscle contraction.
16087 ecdysiostatic hormone activity F The action characteristic of ecdysiostatic hormone, a peptide hormone that inhibits ecdysone secretion.
16090 prenol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving prenols, isoprenoids of general formula (H-CH2-C(CH3)=CH-CH2-)n-OH, any primary monohydroxy alcohol whose carbon skeleton consists of two or more isoprenoid residues linked head to tail.
16091 prenol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prenols, isoprenoids of general formula (H-CH2-C(CH3)=CH-CH2-)n-OH, any primary monohydroxy alcohol whose carbon skeleton consists of two or more isoprenoid residues linked head to tail.
16092 prenol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of prenols, isoprenoids of general formula (H-CH2-C(CH3)=CH-CH2-)n-OH, any primary monohydroxy alcohol whose carbon skeleton consists of two or more isoprenoid residues linked head to tail.
16093 polyprenol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving polyprenols, prenols with more than 4 isoprenoid residues, which may be all-trans, or a mixture of cis and trans.
16094 polyprenol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polyprenols, prenols with more than 4 isoprenoid residues, which may be all-trans, or a mixture of cis and trans.
16095 polyprenol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polyprenols, prenols with more than 4 isoprenoid residues, which may be all-trans, or a mixture of cis and trans.
16098 monoterpenoid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving monoterpenoid compounds, terpenoids having a C10 skeleton.
16099 monoterpenoid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monoterpenoid compounds, terpenoids having a C10 skeleton.
16100 monoterpenoid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monoterpenoid compounds, terpenoids having a C10 skeleton.
16101 diterpenoid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving diterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with four isoprene units.
16102 diterpenoid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with four isoprene units.
16103 diterpenoid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of diterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with four isoprene units.
16104 triterpenoid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units.
16105 triterpenoid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units.
16106 sesquiterpenoid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sesquiterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with three isoprene units.
16107 sesquiterpenoid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sesquiterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with three isoprene units.
16108 tetraterpenoid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetraterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with eight isoprene units.
16109 tetraterpenoid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetraterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with eight isoprene units.
16110 tetraterpenoid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tetraterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with eight isoprene units.
16111 polyterpenoid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving polyterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with more than eight isoprene units.
16112 polyterpenoid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polyterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with more than eight isoprene units.
16113 polyterpenoid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polyterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with more than eight isoprene units.
16114 terpenoid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of terpenoids, any member of a class of compounds characterized by an isoprenoid chemical structure.
16115 terpenoid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of terpenoids, any member of a class of compounds characterized by an isoprenoid chemical structure.
16116 carotenoid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving carotenoids, tetraterpenoid compounds in which two units of 4 isoprenoid residues joined head-to-tail are themselves joined tail-to-tail.
16117 carotenoid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carotenoids, tetraterpenoid compounds in which two units of 4 isoprenoid residues joined head-to-tail are themselves joined tail-to-tail.
16118 carotenoid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carotenoids, tetraterpenoid compounds in which two units of 4 isoprenoid residues joined head-to-tail are themselves joined tail-to-tail.
16119 carotene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving carotenes, hydrocarbon carotenoids.
16120 carotene biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carotenes, hydrocarbon carotenoids.
16121 carotene catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carotenes, hydrocarbon carotenoids.
16122 xanthophyll metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving xanthophylls, oxygen-containing carotenoids.
16123 xanthophyll biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xanthophylls, oxygen-containing carotenoids.
16124 xanthophyll catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xanthophylls, oxygen-containing carotenoids.
16125 sterol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving sterols, steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.
16126 sterol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sterols, steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.
16127 sterol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sterols, steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.
16128 phytosteroid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytosteroids, steroids of higher plants that differ from animal steroids in having substitutions at C24 and/or a double bond at C22. Phytosteroids are so named because they occur in higher plants; some, notably ergosterol, are also found in fungi.
16129 phytosteroid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytosteroids, steroids that differ from animal steroids in having substitutions at C24 and/or a double bond at C22. Phytosteroids are so named because they occur in higher plants; some, notably ergosterol, are also found in fungi.
16130 phytosteroid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phytosteroids, steroids that differ from animal steroids in having substitutions at C24 and/or a double bond at C22. Phytosteroids are so named because they occur in higher plants; some, notably ergosterol, are also found in fungi.
16131 brassinosteroid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving brassinosteroids, any of a group of steroid derivatives that occur at very low concentrations in plant tissues and may have hormone-like effects.
16132 brassinosteroid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of brassinosteroids, any of a group of steroid derivatives that occur at very low concentrations in plant tissues and may have hormone-like effects.
16133 brassinosteroid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of brassinosteroids, any of a group of steroid derivatives that occur at very low concentrations in plant tissues and may have hormone-like effects.
16134 saponin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving saponins, glycosides of plants in which the aglycan (sapogenin) group is a terpene or steroid and the sugar group is a glucose, a galactose, a pentose, a methylpentose or an oligosaccharide. Saponins are powerful surfactant agents and membrane active; they are, hence, toxic to animals on injection.
16135 saponin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of saponins, glycosides of plants in which the aglycan (sapogenin) group is a terpene or steroid and the sugar group is a glucose, a galactose, a pentose, a methylpentose or an oligosaccharide. Saponins are powerful surfactant agents and membrane active; they are, hence, toxic to animals on injection.
16136 saponin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of saponins, glycosides of plants in which the aglycan (sapogenin) group is a terpene or steroid and the sugar group is a glucose, a galactose, a pentose, a methylpentose or an oligosaccharide. Saponins are powerful surfactant agents and membrane active; they are, hence, toxic to animals on injection.
16137 glycoside metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosides, compounds in which a glycosyl group is substituted into a hydroxyl, thiol or selenol group in another compound.
16138 glycoside biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosides, compounds in which a glycosyl group is substituted into a hydroxyl, thiol or selenol group in another compound.
16139 glycoside catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycosides, compounds in which a glycosyl group is substituted into a hydroxyl, thiol or selenol group in another compound.
16143 S-glycoside metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving S-glycosides, any compound in which a glycosyl group has been substituted into a thiol group.
16144 S-glycoside biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of S-glycosides, any compound in which a glycosyl group has been substituted into a thiol group.
16145 S-glycoside catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of S-glycosides, any compound in which a glycosyl group has been substituted into a thiol group.
16149 translation release factor activity, codon specific F A translation release factor that is specific for one or more particular termination codons; acts at the ribosomal A-site and require polypeptidyl-tRNA at the P-site.
16150 translation release factor activity, codon nonspecific F A translation release factor that is not specific to particular codons; binds to guanine nucleotides.
16151 nickel cation binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with nickel (Ni) cations.
16152 mercury (II) reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(+) + Hg + NADP(+) = Hg(2+) + NADPH.
16153 urocanate hydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-imidazolone-5-propanoate + H(+) = trans-urocanate + H(2)O.
16154 pyrimidine-nucleoside phosphorylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: pyrimidine nucleoside + phosphate = pyrimidine + alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate.
16155 formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate + H(2)O + NADP(+) = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + CO(2) + H(+) + NADPH.
16156 fumarate reductase (NADH) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(+) + succinate = fumarate + H(+) + NADH.
16157 sucrose synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + D-fructose = UDP + sucrose.
16158 3-phytase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol hexakisphosphate + H2O = D-myo-inositol 1,2,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + phosphate.
16159 muconolactone delta-isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-acetate = 3,4-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-acetate.
16160 amylase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of amylose or an amylose derivative.
16161 beta-amylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)(n+1) + H2O = (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)(n-1) + alpha-maltose. This reaction is the hydrolysis of 1,4-alpha-glucosidic linkages in polysaccharides so as to remove successive maltose units from the non-reducing ends of the chains.
16162 cellulose 1,4-beta-cellobiosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in cellulose and cellotetraose, releasing cellobiose from the non-reducing ends of the chains.
16163 nitrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 8 reduced ferredoxin + 8 H+ + nitrogen + 16 ATP = 8 oxidized ferredoxin + 2 NH3 + 16 ADP + 16 phosphate.
16165 linoleate 13S-lipoxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: linoleate + O2 = (9Z,11E)-(13S)-13-hydroperoxyoctadeca-9,11-dienoate.
16166 phytoene dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the dehydrogenation of phytoene to produce a carotenoid intermediate such as phytofluene.
16167 glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor activity F Combining with glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
16168 chlorophyll binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with chlorophyll; any compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment.
16169 bacteriochlorophyll c binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with bacteriochlorophyll c, a chlorophyll of photosynthetic bacteria, for example green sulfur bacteria.
16170 interleukin-15 receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-15 receptor.
16174 NAD(P)H oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = NAD(P)+ + hydrogen peroxide.
16175 superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)H + O2 = NAD(P)H + O2-.
16176 superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase activator activity F Increases the activity of the enzyme superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase.
16180 snRNA processing P Any process involved in the conversion of a primary small nuclear RNA (snRNA) transcript into a mature snRNA molecule.
16182 synaptic vesicle budding from endosome P Budding of synaptic vesicles during the formation of constitutive recycling vesicles from early endosomes.
16183 synaptic vesicle coating P The formation of clathrin coated pits in the presynaptic membrane endocytic zone, triggered by the presence of high concentrations of synaptic vesicle components. This process leads to, but does not include budding of the membrane to form new vesicles.
16185 synaptic vesicle budding from presynaptic endocytic zone membrane P Evagination of the presynaptic membrane, resulting in the formation of a new synaptic vesicle.
16188 synaptic vesicle maturation P Steps required to form an initiated synaptic vesicle into a fully formed and transmissible synaptic vesicle.
16189 synaptic vesicle to endosome fusion P Fusion of a synaptic vesicle with an endosome.
16191 synaptic vesicle uncoating P The removal of the protein coat on a synaptic vesicle following the pinching step at the end of budding from the presynaptic membrane.
16192 vesicle-mediated transport P A cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bounded vesicles; transported substances are enclosed in the vesicle lumen or located in the vesicle membrane. The process begins with a step that directs a substance to the forming vesicle, and includes vesicle budding and coating. Vesicles are then targeted to, and fuse with, an acceptor membrane.
16197 endosomal transport P The directed movement of substances into, out of, or mediated by an endosome, a membrane-bounded organelle that carries materials newly ingested by endocytosis. It passes many of the materials to lysosomes for degradation.
16198 axon choice point recognition P The recognition of molecules at a choice point by an axon growth cone; at a choice point the growth cone determines the direction of its future growth.
16199 axon midline choice point recognition P The recognition of molecules at the central nervous system midline choice point by an axon growth cone; this choice point determines whether the growth cone will cross the midline.
16200 synaptic target attraction P The process in which a neuronal cell in a multicellular organism recognizes chemoattractant signals from, and grows towards, potential targets.
16201 synaptic target inhibition P The process in which a neuronal cell in a multicellular organism recognizes chemorepellent signals that inhibit its growth toward the source.
16202 regulation of striated muscle tissue development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle development.
16203 muscle attachment P The developmental process in which a skeletal muscle attaches to its target (such as bone or body wall).
16204 determination of muscle attachment site P The process that mediates the transfer of information from the cells of a muscle to those of its intended target, thereby identifying the target site.
16205 selenocysteine methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: selenocysteine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = Se-methylselenocysteine + S-adenosyl-homocysteine.
16206 catechol O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a catechol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a guaiacol.
16207 4-coumarate-CoA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA.
16208 AMP binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with AMP, adenosine monophosphate.
16209 antioxidant activity F Inhibition of the reactions brought about by dioxygen (O2) or peroxides. Usually the antioxidant is effective because it can itself be more easily oxidized than the substance protected. The term is often applied to components that can trap free radicals, thereby breaking the chain reaction that normally leads to extensive biological damage.
16210 naringenin-chalcone synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3 malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA = 4 CoA + naringenin chalcone + 3 CO2.
16211 ammonia ligase activity F Catalysis of the ligation of ammonia (NH3) to another substance via a carbon-nitrogen bond with concomitant breakage of a diphosphate linkage, usually in a nucleoside triphosphate.
16212 kynurenine-oxoglutarate transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-kynurenine + 2-oxoglutarate = 4-(2-aminophenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoate + L-glutamate.
16213 linoleoyl-CoA desaturase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: linoleoyl-CoA + reduced acceptor + O2 = gamma-linolenoyl-CoA + acceptor + 2 H2O.
16215 acyl-CoA desaturase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + reduced acceptor + O2 = desaturated-acyl-CoA + acceptor + 2 H2O.
16216 isopenicillin-N synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-[(5S)-5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl]-L-cysteinyl-D-valine + O(2) = 2 H(2)O + isopenicillin N.
16217 N-ethylammeline chlorohydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: deethylsimazine + H2O = N-ethylammeline + chloride + H+.
16222 procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase complex C A protein complex that catalyzes the formation of procollagen trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline and succinate from procollagen L-proline and 2-oxoglutarate, requiring Fe2+ and ascorbate. Contains two alpha subunits that contribute to most parts of the catalytic sites, and two beta subunits that are identical to protein-disulfide isomerase.
16223 beta-alanine-pyruvate transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanine + 2-oxopropanoate = pyruvate + beta-alanine.
16226 iron-sulfur cluster assembly P The incorporation of iron and exogenous sulfur into a metallo-sulfur cluster.
16229 steroid dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which one substrate is a sterol derivative.
16230 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase activator activity F Increases the activity of the enzyme sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase.
16231 beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminides.
16232 HNK-1 sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the synthesis of the HKK-1 carbohydrate epitope; adds a sulfate group to a precursor, GlcA-beta-(1->3)-Gal-beta-(1->4)-GlcNAc-beta-(1->R), forming sulfo-3GlcA-beta-(1->3)-Gal-beta-(1->4)-GlcNAc-beta-(1->R).
16233 telomere capping P A process in which telomeres are protected from degradation and fusion, thereby ensuring chromosome stability by protecting the ends from both degradation and from being recognized as damaged DNA. May be mediated by specific single- or double-stranded telomeric DNA binding proteins.
16234 inclusion body C A discrete intracellular part formed of aggregated molecules such as proteins or other biopolymers.
16235 aggresome C An inclusion body formed by dynein-dependent retrograde transport of an aggregated protein on microtubules.
16236 macroautophagy P The major inducible pathway for the general turnover of cytoplasmic constituents in eukaryotic cells, it is also responsible for the degradation of active cytoplasmic enzymes and organelles during nutrient starvation. Macroautophagy involves the formation of double-membrane-bounded autophagosomes which enclose the cytoplasmic constituent targeted for degradation in a membrane-bounded structure. Autophagosomes then fuse with a lysosome (or vacuole) releasing single-membrane-bounded autophagic bodies that are then degraded within the lysosome (or vacuole). Though once thought to be a purely non-selective process, it appears that some types of macroautophagy, e.g. macropexophagy, macromitophagy, may involve selective targeting of the targets to be degraded.
16237 lysosomal microautophagy P The transfer of cytosolic components into the lysosomal compartment by direct invagination of the lysosomal membrane without prior sequestration into an autophagosome. The engulfing membranes fuse, resulting in the lysosomal delivery of the cargo wrapped in a single membrane derived from the invaginated lysosomal membrane. In S. cerevisiae, the vacuole is the lysosomal compartment.
16239 positive regulation of macroautophagy P Any process, such as recognition of nutrient depletion, that activates or increases the rate of macroautophagy to bring cytosolic macromolecules to the vacuole/lysosome for degradation.
16240 autophagosome docking P The initial attachment of an autophagosome membrane to the target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane of the vesicle and the target membrane. Docking requires only that the two membranes come close enough for these proteins to interact and adhere.
16241 regulation of macroautophagy P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macroautophagy.
16242 negative regulation of macroautophagy P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macroautophagy.
16243 regulation of autophagosome size P Any process that modulates the size of the autophagosome.
16246 RNA interference P The process in which double-stranded RNAs silence cognate genes. Involves posttranscriptional gene inactivation ('silencing') both of transgenes or dsRNA introduced into a germline, and of the host gene(s) homologous to the transgenes or dsRNA. This silencing is triggered by the introduction of transgenes or double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), and can occur through a specific decrease in the level of mRNA, or by negative regulation of translation, of both host genes and transgenes.
16247 channel regulator activity F Modulates the activity of a channel. A channel catalyzes energy-independent facilitated diffusion, mediated by passage of a solute through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.
16248 channel inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of a channel via direct interaction with the channel. A channel catalyzes energy-independent facilitated diffusion, mediated by passage of a solute through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.
16250 N-sulfoglucosamine sulfohydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-sulfo-D-glucosamine + H2O = D-glucosamine + sulfate.
16254 preassembly of GPI anchor in ER membrane P The stepwise addition of the components of the GPI anchor on to phosphatidylinositol lipids in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.
16255 attachment of GPI anchor to protein P A transamidation reaction that results in the cleavage of the polypeptide chain and the concomitant transfer of the GPI anchor to the newly formed carboxy-terminal amino acid of the anchored protein. The cleaved C-terminal contains the C-terminal GPI signal sequence of the newly synthesized polypeptide chain.
16256 N-glycan processing to lysosome P The modification of high-mannose N-glycans by UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-lysosomal-enzyme N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase and the subsequent removal of the N-acetylglucosamine residues yielding mannose-6-P that occurs in the ER-Golgi apparatus to N-glycans destined for the lysosome.
16257 N-glycan processing to secreted and cell-surface N-glycans P The modification of high-mannose (Man9-Asn) N-glycans by mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase. This may result in Man8GlcNAc2-Asn N-glycans (which in yeast may be subsequently modified by the addition of further mannose residues) or Man5GlcNAc2-Asn N-glycans that are substrates for further diversification in the Golgi apparatus.
16258 N-glycan diversification P The generation, in the Golgi apparatus, of side chain diversity from high mannose Man5GlcNAc2-Asn N-glycans by specific glycosyltransferases and glycosidases.
16259 selenocysteine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving selenocysteine, an essential component of glutathione peroxidase and some other proteins.
16260 selenocysteine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of selenocysteine, an essential component of glutathione peroxidase and some other proteins.
16261 selenocysteine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of selenocysteine, an essential component of glutathione peroxidase and some other proteins.
16262 protein N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + protein = UDP + 4-N-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-protein.
16263 glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the addition of a galactosyl residue to a non-reducing O-linked N-acetylgalactosamine residue in an O-glycan.
16264 gap junction assembly P Assembly of gap junctions, which are found in most animal tissues, and serve as direct connections between the cytoplasms of adjacent cells. They provide open channels through the plasma membrane, allowing ions and small molecules (less than approximately a thousand daltons) to diffuse freely between neighboring cells, but preventing the passage of proteins and nucleic acids.
16266 O-glycan processing P The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form a core O-glycan structure.
16267 O-glycan processing, core 1 P The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form the core 1 O-glycan structure, Gal-beta-(1->3)-GalNAc.
16268 O-glycan processing, core 2 P The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form the core 2 O-glycan structure, GlcNAc-beta-(1->6)[Gal-beta-(1->3)]-GalNAc.
16269 O-glycan processing, core 3 P The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form the core 3 O-glycan structure, GlcNAc-beta-(1->3)-GalNAc.
16270 O-glycan processing, core 4 P The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form the core 4 O-glycan structure, GlcNAc-beta-(1->6)[GalNAc-beta-(1->3)]-GalNAc.
16272 prefoldin complex C A multisubunit chaperone that is capable of delivering unfolded proteins to cytosolic chaperonin, which it acts as a cofactor for. In humans, the complex is a heterohexamer of two PFD-alpha and four PFD-beta type subunits. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, it also acts in the nucleus to regulate the rate of elongation by RNA polymerase II via a direct effect on histone dynamics.
16273 arginine N-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to an amino group of an arginine residue.
16274 protein-arginine N-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (protein)-arginine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (protein)-N-methyl-arginine.
16275 [cytochrome c]-arginine N-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (cytochrome c)-arginine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (cytochrome c)-N(omega)-methyl-arginine.
16277 [myelin basic protein]-arginine N-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (myelin basic protein)-arginine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (myelin basic protein)-N(omega)-methyl-arginine.
16278 lysine N-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue.
16279 protein-lysine N-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue in a protein substrate.
16281 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex C The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex is composed of eIF4E, eIF4A and eIF4G; it is involved in the recognition of the mRNA cap, ATP-dependent unwinding of the 5'-terminal secondary structure and recruitment of the mRNA to the ribosome.
16282 eukaryotic 43S preinitiation complex C A protein complex composed of the 40S ribosomal subunit plus eIF1A, eIF3, and eIF2-GTP-bound methionyl-initiator methionine tRNA.
16286 small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of potassium by a channel with a unit conductance of 2 to 20 picoSiemens that opens in response to stimulus by internal calcium ions. Small conductance calcium-activated potassium channels are more sensitive to calcium than are large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels. Transport by a channel involves catalysis of facilitated diffusion of a solute (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel, without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.
16287 glycerone-phosphate O-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + glycerone phosphate = 1-acylglycerone 3-phosphate + CoA.
16289 CoA hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: X-CoA + H2O = X + CoA; X may be any group.
16290 palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + H2O = CoA + palmitate.
16295 myristoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: myristoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + H2O = [acyl-carrier protein] + myristate.
16296 palmitoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + H2O = [acyl-carrier protein] + palmitate.
16297 acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + H2O = [acyl-carrier protein] + a fatty acid.
16298 lipase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a lipid or phospholipid.
16300 tRNA (uracil) methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from a donor to a uracil residue in a tRNA molecule.
16301 kinase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.
16303 1-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + ATP = a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).
16307 phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a phosphatidylinositol phosphate = ADP + a phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate.
16308 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate + ATP = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).
16309 1-phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 5-phosphate = ADP + 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate.
16310 phosphorylation P The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide.
16311 dephosphorylation P The process of removing one or more phosphoric (ester or anhydride) residues from a molecule.
16312 inositol bisphosphate phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol bisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol phosphate + phosphate.
16314 phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate + H2O = phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate + phosphate.
16316 phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate + H2O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate + phosphate.
16318 ommatidial rotation P The process in which photoreceptors are arranged in ommatidia in the dorsal and ventral fields to be mirror images. The polarity is established in the imaginal discs concurrently with cell fate specification.
16319 mushroom body development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mushroom body over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mushroom body is composed of the prominent neuropil structures of the insect central brain, thought to be crucial for olfactory associated learning. These consist mainly of a bulbous calyx and tightly packaged arrays of thin parallel fibers of the Kenyon cells.
16320 endoplasmic reticulum membrane fusion P The joining of 2 or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround the endoplasmic reticulum.
16321 female meiosis chromosome segregation P The cell cycle process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during the meiotic cell cycle in a female.
16322 neuron remodeling P The developmentally regulated remodeling of neuronal projections such as pruning to eliminate the extra dendrites and axons projections set up in early stages of nervous system development.
16323 basolateral plasma membrane C The region of the plasma membrane that includes the basal end and sides of the cell. Often used in reference to animal polarized epithelial membranes, where the basal membrane is the part attached to the extracellular matrix, or in plant cells, where the basal membrane is defined with respect to the zygotic axis.
16324 apical plasma membrane C The region of the plasma membrane located at the apical end of the cell.
16325 oocyte microtubule cytoskeleton organization P Formation and maintenance of a polarized microtubule array originating from a microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) in the oocyte. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
16327 apicolateral plasma membrane C The apical end of the lateral plasma membrane of epithelial cells.
16328 lateral plasma membrane C The portion of the plasma membrane at the lateral side of the cell. In epithelial cells, lateral plasma membranes are on the sides of cells which lie at the interface of adjacent cells.
16330 second mitotic wave involved in compound eye morphogenesis P A discrete cell cycle in the third instar eye imaginal disc after progression of the morphogenetic furrow that contributes to compound eye morphogenesis. It is essential for generation of a sufficient pool of uncommitted cells to develop complete ommatidia.
16331 morphogenesis of embryonic epithelium P The process in which the anatomical structures of embryonic epithelia are generated and organized.
16332 establishment or maintenance of polarity of embryonic epithelium P Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization of epithelial cells in an embryo.
16333 morphogenesis of follicular epithelium P The process in which the anatomical structures of a follicular epithelium are generated and organized.
16334 establishment or maintenance of polarity of follicular epithelium P Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of a polarized follicular epithelial sheet.
16335 morphogenesis of larval imaginal disc epithelium P The process in which the anatomical structures of a larval imaginal disc epithelium are generated and organized.
16336 establishment or maintenance of polarity of larval imaginal disc epithelium P Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of a polarized larval imaginal disc epithelium.
16337 single organismal cell-cell adhesion P The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules, where both cells are part of the same organism.
16338 calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion via plasma membrane cell-adhesion molecules P The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules that do not require the presence of calcium for the interaction.
16339 calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion via plasma membrane cell adhesion molecules P The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules that require the presence of calcium for the interaction.
16340 calcium-dependent cell-matrix adhesion P The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules that require the presence of calcium for the interaction.
16342 catenin complex C Complex of peripheral cytoplasmic proteins (alpha-, beta- and gamma-catenin) that interact with the cytoplasmic region of uvomorulin/E-cadherin to connect it to the actin cytoskeleton.
16344 meiotic chromosome movement towards spindle pole P The cell cycle process in which the directed movement of chromosomes from the center of the spindle towards the spindle poles takes place, mediated by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes. This occurs during meiosis.
16345 female meiotic chromosome movement towards spindle pole P The directed movement of chromosomes in the center of the spindle towards the spindle poles, mediated by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes, during female meiosis.
16346 male meiotic chromosome movement towards spindle pole P The directed movement of chromosomes in the center of the spindle towards the spindle poles, mediated by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes, during male meiosis.
16348 imaginal disc-derived leg joint morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of an imaginal disc-derived leg joint are generated and organized. The leg joint is a flexible region that separates the rigid sections of a leg to allow movement in a controlled manner. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
16358 dendrite development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendrite over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A dendrite is a freely branching protoplasmic process of a nerve cell.
16360 sensory organ precursor cell fate determination P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a sensory organ precursor cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
16361 activin receptor activity, type I F Combining with activin-bound type II activin receptor to initiate a change in cell activity; upon binding, acts as a downstream transducer of activin signals.
16362 activin receptor activity, type II F Combining with activin to initiate a change in cell activity; upon ligand binding, binds to and catalyses the phosphorylation of a type I activin receptor.
16363 nuclear matrix C The dense fibrillar network lying on the inner side of the nuclear membrane.
16401 palmitoyl-CoA oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + O2 = trans-2,3-dehydropalmitoyl-CoA + hydrogen peroxide.
16402 pristanoyl-CoA oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: pristanoyl-CoA + O2 = trans-2,3-dehydropristanoyl-CoA + hydrogen peroxide.
16403 dimethylargininase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N(G),N(G)-dimethyl-L-arginine + H2O = dimethylamine + L-citrulline.
16404 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (5Z,13E)-(15S)-11-alpha,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprost-13-enoate + NAD+ = (5Z,13E)-11-alpha-hydroxy-9,15-dioxoprost-13-enoate + NADH + H+.
16405 CoA-ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: substrate + ATP + CoASH = AMP + diphosphate + substrate-CoA.
16406 carnitine O-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to an oxygen atom on the carnitine molecule.
16407 acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of an acetyl group to an acceptor molecule.
16408 C-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to a carbon atom on the acceptor molecule.
16409 palmitoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a palmitoyl (CH3-[CH2]14-CO-) group to an acceptor molecule.
16410 N-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to a nitrogen atom on the acceptor molecule.
16411 acylglycerol O-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to an oxygen atom on the acylglycerol molecule.
16412 serine O-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to an oxygen atom on the serine molecule.
16413 O-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of an acetyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.
16414 O-octanoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of an octanoyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.
16415 octanoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of an octanoyl (CH3-[CH2]6-CO-) group to an acceptor molecule.
16416 O-palmitoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a palmitoyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.
16417 S-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to a sulfur atom on the acceptor molecule.
16418 S-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of an acetyl group to a sulfur atom on the acceptor molecule.
16419 S-malonyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a malonyl group to a sulfur atom on the acceptor molecule.
16420 malonyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a malonyl (HOOC-CH2-CO-) group to an acceptor molecule.
16421 CoA carboxylase activity F Catalysis of the joining of a carboxyl group to a molecule that is attached to CoA, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.
16422 mRNA (2'-O-methyladenosine-N6-)-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + m(7)G(5')pppAm = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + m(7)G(5')pppm(6)Am.
16423 tRNA (guanine) methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing methylguanine.
16426 tRNA (adenine) methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing methyladenine.
16427 tRNA (cytosine) methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing methylcytosine.
16428 tRNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing 5-methylcytosine.
16429 tRNA (adenine-N1-)-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing N1-methyladenine.
16430 tRNA (adenine-N6-)-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing N6-methyladenine.
16432 tRNA-uridine aminocarboxypropyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA uridine = 5'-methylthioadenosine + tRNA 3-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-uridine.
16433 rRNA (adenine) methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing methyladenine.
16434 rRNA (cytosine) methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing methylcytosine.
16435 rRNA (guanine) methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing methylguanine.
16436 rRNA (uridine) methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing methyluridine.
16437 tRNA cytidylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + tRNA(n) = diphosphate + tRNA(n+1).
16438 tRNA-queuosine beta-mannosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-mannose + tRNA(Asp)-queuosine = GDP + tRNA(Asp)-O-5''-beta-D-mannosylqueuosine.
16441 posttranscriptional gene silencing P The inactivation of gene expression by a posttranscriptional mechanism.
16442 RISC complex C A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains members of the Argonaute family of proteins, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or microRNAs (miRNAs), and miRNA or siRNA-complementary mRNAs, in addition to a number of accessory factors. The RISC complex is involved in posttranscriptional repression of gene expression through downregulation of translation or induction of mRNA degradation.
16443 bidentate ribonuclease III activity F Catalysis of the digestion of double-stranded RNAs into 20 to 30-nucleotide products. These products typically associate to the RNA-induced silencing complex and serve as guide RNAs for posttranslational RNA interference.
16444 somatic cell DNA recombination P Recombination occurring within or between DNA molecules in somatic cells.
16445 somatic diversification of immunoglobulins P The somatic process that results in the generation of sequence diversity of immunoglobulins.
16446 somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes P Mutations occurring somatically that result in amino acid changes in the rearranged V regions of immunoglobulins.
16447 somatic recombination of immunoglobulin gene segments P The process in which immunoglobulin genes are formed through recombination of the germline genetic elements, as known as immunoglobulin gene segments, within a single locus.
16453 C-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of an acetyl group to a carbon atom on the acceptor molecule.
16454 C-palmitoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a palmitoyl group to a carbon atom on the acceptor molecule.
16456 X chromosome located dosage compensation complex, transcription activating C An RNA-protein complex localized to the X chromosome of males where it is required for the hyper-transcriptional activation of the X chromosome. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
16457 dosage compensation complex assembly involved in dosage compensation by hyperactivation of X chromosome P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on DNA to form the complex that mediates dosage compensation on the X chromosome of the heterogametic sex, ultimately resulting in a two-fold increase in transcription from this chromosome. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
16458 gene silencing P Any process carried out at the cellular level that results in either long-term transcriptional repression via action on chromatin structure or RNA mediated, post-transcriptional repression of gene expression.
16459 myosin complex C A protein complex, formed of one or more myosin heavy chains plus associated light chains and other proteins, that functions as a molecular motor; uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to move actin filaments or to move vesicles or other cargo on fixed actin filaments; has magnesium-ATPase activity and binds actin. Myosin classes are distinguished based on sequence features of the motor, or head, domain, but also have distinct tail regions that are believed to bind specific cargoes.
16460 myosin II complex C A myosin complex containing two class II myosin heavy chains, two myosin essential light chains and two myosin regulatory light chains. Also known as classical myosin or conventional myosin, the myosin II class includes the major muscle myosin of vertebrate and invertebrate muscle, and is characterized by alpha-helical coiled coil tails that self assemble to form a variety of filament structures.
16461 unconventional myosin complex C A portmanteau term for myosins other than myosin II.
16462 pyrophosphatase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a pyrophosphate bond between two phosphate groups, leaving one phosphate on each of the two fragments.
16463 zinc-exporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Zn2+(in) -> ADP + phosphate + Zn2+(out).
16464 chloroplast protein-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; drives the transport of proteins into the chloroplast stroma.
16465 chaperonin ATPase complex C Multisubunit protein complex with 2x7 (Type I, in most cells) or 2x8 (Type II, in Archaea) ATP-binding sites involved in maintaining an unfolded polypeptide structure before folding or to entry into mitochondria and chloroplasts.
16469 proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex C A large protein complex that catalyzes the synthesis or hydrolysis of ATP by a rotational mechanism, coupled to the transport of protons across a membrane. The complex comprises a membrane sector (F0, V0, or A0) that carries out proton transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (F1, V1, or A1) that catalyzes ATP synthesis or hydrolysis. Two major types have been characterized: V-type ATPases couple ATP hydrolysis to the transport of protons across a concentration gradient, whereas F-type ATPases, also known as ATP synthases, normally run in the reverse direction to utilize energy from a proton concentration or electrochemical gradient to synthesize ATP. A third type, A-type ATPases have been found in archaea, and are closely related to eukaryotic V-type ATPases but are reversible.
16471 vacuolar proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex C A proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex found in the vacuolar membrane, where it acts as a proton pump to mediate acidification of the vacuolar lumen.
16472 sodium ion-transporting two-sector ATPase complex C A large protein complex that catalyzes the synthesis or hydrolysis of ATP by a rotational mechanism, coupled to the transport of sodium ions across a membrane. The complex comprises a membrane sector (F0 or V0) that carries out ion transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (F1 or V1) that catalyzes ATP synthesis or hydrolysis.
16473 sodium ion-transporting F-type ATPase complex C A sodium ion-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. The complex comprises a membrane sector (F0) that carries out proton transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (F1) that catalyzes ATP synthesis by a rotational mechanism.
16474 sodium ion-transporting V-type ATPase complex C A sodium ion-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that couples ATP hydrolysis to the transport of sodium ions across a concentration gradient. The complex comprises a membrane sector (V0) that carries out proton transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (V1) that catalyzes ATP hydrolysis.
16475 detection of nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio P The process in which the size of the nucleus with respect to its cytoplasm is sensed by a cell.
16476 regulation of embryonic cell shape P Any process that modulates the surface configuration of an embryonic cell.
16477 cell migration P The controlled self-propelled movement of a cell from one site to a destination guided by molecular cues. Cell migration is a central process in the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms.
16479 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase I promoter.
16480 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase III promoter.
16482 cytosolic transport P The directed movement of substances or organelles within the cytosol.
16483 tryptophan hydroxylase activator activity F Increases the activity of the enzyme tryptophase hydroxylase.
16485 protein processing P Any protein maturation process achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. Protein maturation is the process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein.
16486 peptide hormone processing P The generation of a mature peptide hormone by posttranslational processing of a prohormone.
16487 farnesol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving the sesquiterpenoid alcohol farnesol, 3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10,dodecatrien-1-ol.
16488 farnesol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the sesquiterpenoid alcohol farnesol, 3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10,dodecatrien-1-ol.
16490 structural constituent of peritrophic membrane F The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the peritrophic membrane, a tubular sheath of cuticle that shields the epithelial cells of the midgut from the gut contents. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
16491 oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced.
16492 G-protein coupled neurotensin receptor activity F Combining with the tridecapeptide neurotensin to initiate a G-protein mediated change in cell activity. A G-protein is a signal transduction molecule that alternates between an inactive GDP-bound and an active GTP-bound state.
16493 C-C chemokine receptor activity F Combining with a C-C chemokine and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. C-C chemokines do not have an amino acid between the first two cysteines of the characteristic four-cysteine motif.
16494 C-X-C chemokine receptor activity F Combining with a C-X-C chemokine and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. A C-X-C chemokine has a single amino acid between the first two cysteines of the characteristic four cysteine motif.
16495 C-X3-C chemokine receptor activity F Combining with a C-X3-C chemokine and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. A C-X3-C chemokine has three amino acids between the first two cysteines of the characteristic four-cysteine motif.
16496 substance P receptor activity F Combining with substance P, the peptide Arg-Pro-Lys-Pro-Gln-Gln-Phe-Phe-Gly-Leu-Met, to initiate a change in cell activity.
16497 substance K receptor activity F Combining with substance K, the peptide His-Lys-Thr-Asp-Ser-Phe-Val-Gly-Leu-Met, to initiate a change in cell activity.
16498 neuromedin K receptor activity F Combining with neuromedin K, the peptide Asp-Met-His-Asp-Phe-Phe-Val-Gly-Leu-Met to initiate a change in cell activity.
16499 orexin receptor activity F Combining with orexin to initiate a change in cell activity.
16500 protein-hormone receptor activity F Combining with a protein hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.
16501 prostacyclin receptor activity F Combining with prostacyclin (PGI(2)) to initiate a change in cell activity.
16502 nucleotide receptor activity F Combining with a nucleotide and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. A nucleotide is a compound that consists of a nucleoside esterified with a phosphate molecule.
16503 pheromone receptor activity F Combining with a pheromone to initiate a change in cell activity. A pheromone is a substance used in olfactory communication between organisms of the same species eliciting a change in sexual or social behavior.
16504 peptidase activator activity F Binds to and increases the activity of a peptidase, any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis peptide bonds.
16505 peptidase activator activity involved in apoptotic process F Increases the activity of a peptidase that is involved in the apoptotic process.
16507 mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation multienzyme complex C A complex that includes the long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase and long-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase activities in two subunits (alpha and beta), catalyzing two steps of the fatty acid beta-oxidation cycle within the mitochondrial matrix.
16508 long-chain-enoyl-CoA hydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a long-chain (3S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA = a long-chain trans-2-enoyl-CoA + H2O. A long-chain acyl-CoA is an acyl-CoA thioester where the acyl chain contains 13 to 22 carbon atoms.
16509 long-chain-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA + NAD(P)+ = 3-oxoacyl-CoA + NAD(P)H + H+, where the acyl group is a long-chain fatty acid residue. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.
16513 core-binding factor complex C A heterodimeric transcription factor complex that contains an alpha subunit (Runx1, Runx2 or Runx3 in human) that binds DNA and a non-DNA-binding beta subunit (CBFbeta), and binds to a consensus sequence 5'-YGYGGTY-3' found in several enhancers and promoters; the beta subunit enhances the DNA binding of the alpha subunit.
16514 SWI/SNF complex C A SWI/SNF-type complex that contains nine or more proteins, including both conserved (core) and nonconserved components; the Swi2/Snf2 ATPase is one of the core components.
16515 interleukin-13 receptor activity F Combining with interleukin-13 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
16516 interleukin-4 receptor complex C A protein complex that binds interleukin-4 (IL-4) and consists of an alpha chain that binds IL-4 with high affinity and a gamma common chain that also forms part of the interleukin-2 receptor.
16517 interleukin-12 receptor activity F Combining with interleukin-12 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
16518 interleukin-14 receptor activity F Combining with interleukin-14 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
16519 gastric inhibitory peptide receptor activity F Combining with gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) and transmitting the signal across the membrane to activate an associated G-protein.
16520 growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor activity F Combining with growth hormone-releasing hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.
16521 pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide activity F The action characteristic of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide, a peptide produced in the hypothalamus that binds to receptors to exert pleiotropic effects including control of neurotransmitter release, vasodilation, bronchodilation, activation of intestinal motility, increase in insulin and histamine secretion, immune modulation, and stimulation of cell proliferation and differentiation.
16524 latrotoxin receptor activity F Combining with alpha-latrotoxin, a potent presynaptic neurotoxin, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
16525 negative regulation of angiogenesis P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of angiogenesis.
16528 sarcoplasm C The cytoplasm of a muscle cell; includes the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
16529 sarcoplasmic reticulum C A fine reticular network of membrane-limited elements that pervades the sarcoplasm of a muscle cell; continuous over large portions of the cell and with the nuclear envelope; that part of the endoplasmic reticulum specialized for calcium release, uptake and storage.
16530 metallochaperone activity F Assists in the delivery of metal ions to target proteins or compartments.
16531 copper chaperone activity F Assists in the delivery of copper ions to target proteins or compartments.
16532 superoxide dismutase copper chaperone activity F A copper chaperone activity that specifically delivers copper to the Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase, to activate superoxide dismutase activity.
16533 cyclin-dependent protein kinase 5 holoenzyme complex C A protein complex that activates cyclin-dependent kinase 5; composed of regulatory and catalytic subunits.
16534 cyclin-dependent protein kinase 5 activator activity F Binds to and increases the activity of cyclin-dependent protein kinase 5.
16538 cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase regulator activity F Modulates the activity of a cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase, enzymes of the protein kinase family that are regulated through association with cyclins and other proteins.
16539 intein-mediated protein splicing P The removal of an internal amino acid sequence (an intein) from a protein during protein maturation; the excision of inteins is precise and the N- and C-terminal exteins are joined by a normal peptide bond. Protein splicing involves 4 nucleophilic displacements by the 3 conserved splice junction residues.
16540 protein autoprocessing P Processing which a protein carries out itself. This involves actions such as the autolytic removal of residues to generate the mature form of the protein.
16543 male courtship behavior, orientation prior to leg tapping and wing vibration P The process during courtship, where the male orients towards a potential partner. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
16544 male courtship behavior, tapping to detect pheromone P The process during courtship where the male insect taps the female with his frontal leg. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
16545 male courtship behavior, veined wing vibration P The process during courtship where the male insect vibrates his wings. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
16546 male courtship behavior, proboscis-mediated licking P The process during courtship where the male fly licks the genitalia of a stationary female fly with his proboscis. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
16553 base conversion or substitution editing P Any base modification or substitution events that result in alterations in the coding potential or structural properties of RNAs as a result of changes in the base-pairing properties of the modified ribonucleoside(s).
16554 cytidine to uridine editing P The conversion of a cytosine residue to uridine in an RNA molecule by deamination.
16555 uridine to cytidine editing P The conversion of a uridine residue to cytosine in an RNA molecule by amination.
16556 mRNA modification P The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within an mRNA molecule to produce an mRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.
16557 peroxisome membrane biogenesis P The process in which a peroxisome membrane is synthesized, aggregates, and bonds together.
16558 protein import into peroxisome matrix P The import of proteins into the peroxisomal matrix. A peroxisome targeting signal (PTS) binds to a soluble receptor protein in the cytosol, and the resulting complex then binds to a receptor protein in the peroxisome membrane and is imported. The cargo protein is then released into the peroxisome matrix.
16559 peroxisome fission P The division of a mature peroxisome within a cell to form two or more separate peroxisome compartments.
16560 protein import into peroxisome matrix, docking P The process in which a complex formed of a peroxisome targeting sequence (PTS) receptor bound to a PTS-bearing protein docks with translocation machinery in the peroxisomal membrane.
16561 protein import into peroxisome matrix, translocation P The process in which proteins are moved across the peroxisomal membrane into the matrix. It is likely that the peroxisome targeting sequence receptor remains associated with cargo proteins during translocation.
16562 protein import into peroxisome matrix, receptor recycling P The process in which peroxisome targeting sequence receptors dissociates from cargo proteins and are returned to the cytosol.
16567 protein ubiquitination P The process in which one or more ubiquitin groups are added to a protein.
16569 covalent chromatin modification P The alteration of DNA or protein in chromatin by the covalent addition or removal of chemical groups.
16570 histone modification P The covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a histone protein.
16571 histone methylation P The modification of histones by addition of methyl groups.
16572 histone phosphorylation P The modification of histones by addition of phosphate groups.
16573 histone acetylation P The modification of a histone by the addition of an acetyl group.
16574 histone ubiquitination P The modification of histones by addition of ubiquitin groups.
16575 histone deacetylation P The modification of histones by removal of acetyl groups.
16576 histone dephosphorylation P The modification of histones by removal of phosphate groups.
16577 histone demethylation P The modification of histones by removal of methyl groups.
16578 histone deubiquitination P The modification of histones by removal of ubiquitin groups.
16579 protein deubiquitination P The removal of one or more ubiquitin groups from a protein.
16580 Sin3 complex C A multiprotein complex that functions broadly in eukaryotic organisms as a transcriptional repressor of protein-coding genes, through the gene-specific deacetylation of histones. Amongst its subunits, the Sin3 complex contains Sin3-like proteins, and a number of core proteins that are shared with the NuRD complex (including histone deacetylases and histone binding proteins). The Sin3 complex does not directly bind DNA itself, but is targeted to specific genes through protein-protein interactions with DNA-binding proteins.
16581 NuRD complex C An approximately 2 MDa multi-subunit complex that exhibits ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling activity in addition to histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, and has been shown to establish transcriptional repression of a number of target genes in vertebrates, invertebrates and fungi. Amongst its subunits, the NuRD complex contains histone deacetylases, histone binding proteins and Mi-2-like proteins.
16584 nucleosome positioning P Ordering of successions of nucleosomes into regular arrays so that nucleosomes are positioned at defined distances from one another.
16586 RSC complex C A protein complex similar to, but more abundant than, the Swi/Snf complex. The RSC complex is generally recruited to RNA polymerase III promoters and is specifically recruited to RNA polymerase II promoters by transcriptional activators and repressors; it is also involved in non-homologous end joining.
16587 Isw1 complex C A protein complex that contains an Isw1 subunit from the ISWI-family of ATPases and acts to modify chromatin structure.
16589 NURF complex C An ISWI complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the ISWI family (SNF2L in mammals), a NURF301 homolog (BPTF in humans), and additional subunits, though the composition of these additional subunits varies slightly with species. NURF is involved in regulation of transcription from TRNA polymerase II promoters.
16590 ACF complex C An ISWI complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the ISWI family (SNF2H in mammals, Isw2 in S. cerevisiae), an ACF1 homolog, and generally no other subunits, though Xenopus is an exception with a third non-conserved subunit. ACF plays roles in regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription and in DNA replication and repair.
16591 DNA-directed RNA polymerase II, holoenzyme C A nuclear DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex containing an RNA polymerase II core enzyme as well as additional proteins and transcription factor complexes, that are capable of promoter recognition and transcription initiation from an RNA polymerase II promoter in vivo. These additional components may include general transcription factor complexes TFIIA, TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIF, or TFIIH, as well as Mediator, SWI/SNF, GCN5, or SRBs and confer the ability to recognize promoters.
16592 mediator complex C A protein complex that interacts with the carboxy-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and plays an active role in transducing the signal from a transcription factor to the transcriptional machinery. The mediator complex is required for activation of transcription of most protein-coding genes, but can also act as a transcriptional corepressor. The Saccharomyces complex contains several identifiable subcomplexes: a head domain comprising Srb2, -4, and -5, Med6, -8, and -11, and Rox3 proteins; a middle domain comprising Med1, -4, and -7, Nut1 and -2, Cse2, Rgr1, Soh1, and Srb7 proteins; a tail consisting of Gal11p, Med2p, Pgd1p, and Sin4p; and a regulatory subcomplex comprising Ssn2, -3, and -8, and Srb8 proteins. Metazoan mediator complexes have similar modular structures and include homologs of yeast Srb and Med proteins.
16593 Cdc73/Paf1 complex C A multiprotein complex that associates with RNA polymerase II and general RNA polymerase II transcription factor complexes and may be involved in both transcriptional initiation and elongation. In Saccharomyces the complex contains Paf1p, Cdc73p, Ctr9p, Rtf1p, and Leo1p.
16594 glycine binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with glycine, aminoethanoic acid.
16595 glutamate binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid.
16596 thienylcyclohexylpiperidine binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with thienylcyclohexylpiperidine.
16597 amino acid binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an amino acid, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents.
16598 protein arginylation P The conjugation of arginine to the N-terminal aspartate or glutamate of a protein; required for the degradation of the protein via the ubiquitin pathway.
16600 flotillin complex C A protein complex that contains flotillin-1 and flotillin-2, and may contain associated proteins. Flotillins associate into membrane microdomains resembling caveolae.
16601 Rac protein signal transduction P A series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Rac family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state.
16602 CCAAT-binding factor complex C A heteromeric transcription factor complex that binds to the CCAAT-box upstream of promoters; functions as both an activator and a repressor, depending on its interacting cofactors. Typically trimeric consisting of NFYA, NFYB and NFYC subunits. In Saccharomyces, it activates the transcription of genes in response to growth in a nonfermentable carbon source and consists of four known subunits: HAP2, HAP3, HAP4 and HAP5.
16603 glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutaminyl-peptide = 5-oxoprolyl-peptide + NH3.
16604 nuclear body C Extra-nucleolar nuclear domains usually visualized by confocal microscopy and fluorescent antibodies to specific proteins.
16605 PML body C A class of nuclear body; they react against SP100 auto-antibodies (PML, promyelocytic leukemia); cells typically contain 10-30 PML bodies per nucleus; alterations in the localization of PML bodies occurs after viral infection.
16606 LYSP100-associated nuclear domain C A nuclear body that is enriched in the lymphoid cell-specific protein LYSp100B; LANDs are globular, electron-dense structures and are morphologically distinct from the annular structures characteristic of PML bodies.
16607 nuclear speck C A discrete extra-nucleolar subnuclear domain, 20-50 in number, in which splicing factors are seen to be localized by immunofluorescence microscopy.
16608 growth hormone-releasing hormone activity F The action characteristic of growth hormone-releasing hormone, any of a family of peptide hormones that act on the anterior pituitary to stimulate the secretion of growth hormone and exert a trophic effect on the gland.
16610 nitrogenase complex C An enzyme complex composed of two proteins, dinitrogenase and nitrogenase reductase; dinitrogenase is tetrameric with an alpha2-beta2 structure and nitrogenase reductase is a homodimer, and both are associated with metal ions, which differ between species. Both proteins are required for the enzyme activity of the complex, the formation of oxidized ferredoxin and ammonia from reduced ferredoxin and nitrogen.
16611 iron-iron nitrogenase complex C An enzyme complex containing an iron-iron cluster found in species such as the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus. It is composed of two main subunits, dinitrogenase and nitrogenase reductase. Dinitrogenase, the iron-iron containing subunit, has an alpha1-beta2 or alpha2-beta2 structure, and the nitrogenase reductase subunit is a homodimer. Functions in the catalysis of the formation of oxidized ferredoxin and ammonia from reduced ferredoxin and nitrogen.
16612 molybdenum-iron nitrogenase complex C An enzyme complex containing a molybdenum-iron cluster found in many species. It is composed of two proteins, dinitrogenase and nitrogenase reductase; dinitrogenase, the molybdenum-iron protein, is tetrameric with an alpha2-beta2 structure, and nitrogenase reductase is a homodimer.
16613 vanadium-iron nitrogenase complex C An enzyme complex containing a vanadium-iron cluster found in some species, such as Azotobacter vinelandii. It is composed of two proteins, dinitrogenase and nitrogenase reductase; dinitrogenase, the vanadium-iron protein, is tetrameric with an alpha2-beta2 structure, and nitrogenase reductase is a homodimer.
16614 oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH-OH group of donors F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group act as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.
16615 malate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reversible conversion of pyruvate or oxaloacetate to malate.
16616 oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD+ or NADP.
16617 4-oxoproline reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-L-proline + NAD+ = 4-oxoproline + NADH + H+.
16618 hydroxypyruvate reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-glycerate + NADP+ = hydroxypyruvate + NADPH + H+.
16620 oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an aldehyde or ketone (oxo) group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP.
16621 cinnamoyl-CoA reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cinnamaldehyde + CoA + NADP+ = cinnamoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+.
16622 oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, cytochrome as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an aldehyde or ketone (oxo) group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a cytochrome.
16623 oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, oxygen as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an aldehyde or ketone (oxo) group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces oxygen.
16624 oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, disulfide as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an aldehyde or ketone (oxo) group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a disulfide.
16625 oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, iron-sulfur protein as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an aldehyde or ketone (oxo) group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an iron-sulfur protein.
16627 oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-CH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.
16628 oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-CH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP.
16629 12-oxophytodienoate reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 8-[(1R,2R)-3-oxo-2-{(Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl}cyclopentyl]octanoate + NADP(+) = (15Z)-12-oxophyto-10,15-dienoate + H(+) + NADPH.
16630 protochlorophyllide reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: chlorophyllide a + NADP+ = protochlorophyllide + NADPH + H+.
16631 enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NAD(P)+ = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NAD(P)H + H+.
16632 oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors, cytochrome as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-CH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a cytochrome.
16633 galactonolactone dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-galactono-1,4-lactone + 2 ferricytochrome c = L-ascorbate + 2 ferrocytochrome c.
16634 oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors, oxygen as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-CH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces oxygen.
16635 oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors, quinone or related compound as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-CH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a quinone or related compound.
16636 oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors, iron-sulfur protein as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-CH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an iron-sulfur protein.
16638 oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.
16639 oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD+ or NADP.
16640 oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors, cytochrome as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a cytochrome molecule.
16641 oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors, oxygen as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an oxygen molecule.
16642 oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors, disulfide as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a disulfide group.
16643 oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors, iron-sulfur protein as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an iron-sulfur protein.
16645 oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.
16646 oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP.
16647 oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors, oxygen as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces oxygen.
16648 oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors, disulfide as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces disulfide.
16649 oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors, quinone or similar compound as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces quinone or similar compound.
16651 oxidoreductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which NADH or NADPH acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.
16652 oxidoreductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H, NAD(P) as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which NADH or NADPH acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD+ or NADP.
16653 oxidoreductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H, heme protein as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which NADH or NADPH acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a heme protein.
16655 oxidoreductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H, quinone or similar compound as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which NADH or NADPH acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a quinone or a similar acceptor molecule.
16656 monodehydroascorbate reductase (NADH) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + H+ + 2 monodehydroascorbate = NAD+ + 2 ascorbate.
16657 oxidoreductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H, nitrogenous group as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which NADH or NADPH acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a nitrogenous group.
16661 oxidoreductase activity, acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a nitrogenous group, excluding NH and NH2 groups, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.
16662 oxidoreductase activity, acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors, cytochrome as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a nitrogenous group, excluding NH and NH2 groups, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a cytochrome.
16663 oxidoreductase activity, acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors, oxygen as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a nitrogenous group, excluding NH and NH2 groups, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces oxygen.
16664 oxidoreductase activity, acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors, iron-sulfur protein as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a nitrogenous group, excluding NH and NH2 groups, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an iron-sulfur protein.
16667 oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a sulfur-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.
16668 oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors, NAD(P) as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a sulfur-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP.
16669 oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors, cytochrome as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a sulfur-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a cytochrome.
16670 oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors, oxygen as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a sulfur-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces oxygen.
16671 oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors, disulfide as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a sulfur-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces disulfide.
16672 oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors, quinone or similar compound as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a sulfur-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces quinone or a related compound.
16673 oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors, iron-sulfur protein as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a sulfur-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an iron-sulfur protein.
16675 oxidoreductase activity, acting on a heme group of donors F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a heme group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.
16676 oxidoreductase activity, acting on a heme group of donors, oxygen as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a heme group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces oxygen.
16677 oxidoreductase activity, acting on a heme group of donors, nitrogenous group as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a heme group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a nitrogenous group.
16679 oxidoreductase activity, acting on diphenols and related substances as donors F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a diphenol or related substance acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.
16680 oxidoreductase activity, acting on diphenols and related substances as donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a diphenol, or related compound, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP.
16681 oxidoreductase activity, acting on diphenols and related substances as donors, cytochrome as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a diphenol, or related compound, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a cytochrome.
16682 oxidoreductase activity, acting on diphenols and related substances as donors, oxygen as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a diphenol, or related compound, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces oxygen.
16684 oxidoreductase activity, acting on peroxide as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which the peroxide group acts as a hydrogen or electron acceptor.
16688 L-ascorbate peroxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-ascorbate + hydrogen peroxide = dehydroascorbate + 2 H2O.
16689 manganese peroxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 Mn2+ + 2 H+ + hydrogen peroxide = 2 Mn3+ + 2 H2O.
16690 diarylpropane peroxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methanol + H2O2 = 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde + 2 H2O.
16691 chloride peroxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 R-H + 2 chloride + hydrogen peroxide = 2 R-Cl + 2 H2O.
16692 NADH peroxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O(2) + H(+) + NADH = 2 H(2)O + NAD(+).
16695 oxidoreductase activity, acting on hydrogen as donor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen acts as an electron donor.
16696 oxidoreductase activity, acting on hydrogen as donor, NAD or NADP as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen acts as an electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP.
16697 oxidoreductase activity, acting on hydrogen as donor, cytochrome as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen acts as an electron donor and reduces a cytochrome.
16699 oxidoreductase activity, acting on hydrogen as donor, iron-sulfur protein as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen acts as an electron donor and reduces an iron-sulfur protein.
16701 oxidoreductase activity, acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from one donor, and molecular oxygen is incorporated into a donor.
16702 oxidoreductase activity, acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen, incorporation of two atoms of oxygen F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from one donor, and two oxygen atoms is incorporated into a donor.
16703 oxidoreductase activity, acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen, incorporation of one atom of oxygen (internal monooxygenases or internal mixed function oxidases) F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from one donor, and one oxygen atom is incorporated into a donor.
16705 oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from each of two donors, and molecular oxygen is reduced or incorporated into a donor.
16706 oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, and incorporation of one atom each of oxygen into both donors F Catalysis of the reaction: A + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = B + succinate + CO2. This is an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from 2-oxoglutarate and one other donor, and one atom of oxygen is incorporated into each donor.
16707 gibberellin 3-beta-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a gibberellin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = a 3-beta-hydroxy-gibberellin + succinate + CO2.
16708 oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, NAD(P)H as one donor, and incorporation of two atoms of oxygen into one donor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from NADH or NADPH and one other donor, and two atoms of oxygen are incorporated into one donor.
16709 oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, NAD(P)H as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from NADH or NADPH and one other donor, and one atom of oxygen is incorporated into one donor.
16710 trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: trans-cinnamate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 4-hydroxycinnamate + NADP+ + H2O.
16711 flavonoid 3'-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a flavonoid + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 3'-hydroxyflavonoid + NADP+ + H2O.
16712 oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from reduced flavin or flavoprotein and one other donor, and one atom of oxygen is incorporated into one donor.
16713 oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced iron-sulfur protein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from reduced iron-sulfur protein and one other donor, and one atom of oxygen is incorporated into one donor.
16714 oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced pteridine as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from reduced pteridine and one other donor, and one atom of oxygen is incorporated into one donor.
16715 oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced ascorbate as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from reduced ascorbate and one other donor, and one atom of oxygen is incorporated into one donor.
16716 oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, another compound as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from each of two donors, and one atom of oxygen is incorporated into one donor.
16717 oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with oxidation of a pair of donors resulting in the reduction of molecular oxygen to two molecules of water F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from each of two donors, and molecular oxygen is reduced to two molecules of water.
16719 carotene 7,8-desaturase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: neurosporene + donor-H2 + O2 = lycopene + acceptor + 2 H2O.
16720 delta12-fatty acid dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + linoleate + O(2) = A + crepenynate + 2 H(2)O.
16721 oxidoreductase activity, acting on superoxide radicals as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a superoxide radical (O2- or O2.-) acts as a hydrogen or electron acceptor.
16722 oxidoreductase activity, oxidizing metal ions F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction in which the oxidation state of metal ion is altered.
16723 oxidoreductase activity, oxidizing metal ions, NAD or NADP as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction in which the oxidation state of metal ion is altered and NAD+ or NADP+ acts as an electron acceptor.
16724 oxidoreductase activity, oxidizing metal ions, oxygen as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction in which the oxidation state of metal ion is altered and oxygen acts as an electron acceptor.
16725 oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH or CH2 groups F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.
16726 oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH or CH2 groups, NAD or NADP as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD+ or NADP.
16727 oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH or CH2 groups, oxygen as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an oxygen molecule.
16728 oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH or CH2 groups, disulfide as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a disulfide group.
16730 oxidoreductase activity, acting on iron-sulfur proteins as donors F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an iron-sulfur protein acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.
16731 oxidoreductase activity, acting on iron-sulfur proteins as donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an iron-sulfur protein acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP.
16732 oxidoreductase activity, acting on iron-sulfur proteins as donors, dinitrogen as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an iron-sulfur protein acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces dinitrogen.
16737 oxidoreductase activity, acting on reduced flavodoxin as donor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which reduced flavodoxin acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.
16738 oxidoreductase activity, acting on reduced flavodoxin as donor, dinitrogen as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which reduced flavodoxin acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces dinitrogen.
16740 transferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2.
16741 transferase activity, transferring one-carbon groups F Catalysis of the transfer of a one-carbon group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
16742 hydroxymethyl-, formyl- and related transferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a hydroxymethyl- or formyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
16743 carboxyl- or carbamoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a carboxyl- or carbamoyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
16744 transferase activity, transferring aldehyde or ketonic groups F Catalysis of the transfer of an aldehyde or ketonic group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
16746 transferase activity, transferring acyl groups F Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
16747 transferase activity, transferring acyl groups other than amino-acyl groups F Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group, other than amino-acyl, from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
16748 succinyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a succinyl (3-carboxypropanoyl) group to an acceptor molecule.
16749 N-succinyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a succinyl group to a nitrogen atom on the acceptor molecule.
16750 O-succinyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a succinyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.
16751 S-succinyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a succinyl group to a sulfur atom on the acceptor molecule.
16752 sinapoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a sinapoyl group to an acceptor molecule.
16753 O-sinapoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a sinapoyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.
16754 sinapoylglucose-malate O-sinapoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-malate + 1-O-sinapoyl-beta-D-glucose = D-glucose + sinapoyl (S)-malate.
16755 transferase activity, transferring amino-acyl groups F Catalysis of the transfer of an amino-acyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
16756 glutathione gamma-glutamylcysteinyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glutathione + Glu(-Cys)(n)-Gly = Gly + Glu(-Cys)(n+1)-Gly.
16757 transferase activity, transferring glycosyl groups F Catalysis of the transfer of a glycosyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
16758 transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups F Catalysis of the transfer of a hexosyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
16759 cellulose synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside-disphosphate-glucose + ((1,4)-beta-D-glucosyl)(n) = nucleoside-disphosphate + ((1,4)-beta-D-glucosyl)(n+1).
16760 cellulose synthase (UDP-forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + ((1,4)-beta-D-glucosyl)(n) = UDP + ((1,4)-beta-D-glucosyl)(n+1).
16761 cellulose synthase (GDP-forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-glucose + ((1,4)-beta-D-glucosyl)(n) = GDP + ((1,4)-beta-D-glucosyl)(n+1).
16762 xyloglucan:xyloglucosyl transferase activity F Catalysis of the cleavage of a beta-(1->4) bond in the backbone of a xyloglucan and transfers the xyloglucanyl segment on to O-4 of the non-reducing terminal glucose residue of an acceptor, which can be a xyloglucan or an oligosaccharide of xyloglucan.
16763 transferase activity, transferring pentosyl groups F Catalysis of the transfer of a pentosyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
16765 transferase activity, transferring alkyl or aryl (other than methyl) groups F Catalysis of the transfer of an alkyl or aryl (but not methyl) group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
16767 geranylgeranyl-diphosphate geranylgeranyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 geranylgeranyl diphosphate = diphosphate + prephytoene diphosphate.
16768 spermine synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosylmethioninamine + spermidine = 5'-methylthioadenosine + spermine.
16769 transferase activity, transferring nitrogenous groups F Catalysis of the transfer of a nitrogenous group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
16770 oximinotransaminase activity F Catalysis of the reversible transfer of an oxime group to an acceptor.
16772 transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups F Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
16773 phosphotransferase activity, alcohol group as acceptor F Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to an alcohol group (acceptor).
16774 phosphotransferase activity, carboxyl group as acceptor F Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to a carboxyl group (acceptor).
16775 phosphotransferase activity, nitrogenous group as acceptor F Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to a nitrogenous group (acceptor).
16776 phosphotransferase activity, phosphate group as acceptor F Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to a phosphate group (acceptor).
16778 diphosphotransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a diphosphate group from one compound (donor) to a another (acceptor).
16779 nucleotidyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a nucleotidyl group to a reactant.
16780 phosphotransferase activity, for other substituted phosphate groups F Catalysis of the transfer of a substituted phosphate group, other than diphosphate or nucleotidyl residues, from one compound (donor) to a another (acceptor).
16781 phosphotransferase activity, paired acceptors F Catalysis of the transfer of two phosphate groups from a donor, such as ATP, to two different acceptors.
16782 transferase activity, transferring sulfur-containing groups F Catalysis of the transfer of a sulfur-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
16783 sulfurtransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of sulfur atoms from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
16784 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-mercaptopyruvate + cyanide = pyruvate + thiocyanate.
16785 transferase activity, transferring selenium-containing groups F Catalysis of the transfer of a selenium-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
16787 hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc. Hydrolase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 3.
16788 hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any ester bond.
16790 thiolester hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: RCO-SR' + H2O = RCOOH + HSR'. This reaction is the hydrolysis of a thiolester bond, an ester formed from a carboxylic acid and a thiol (i.e., RCO-SR'), such as that found in acetyl-coenzyme A.
16791 phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphoric monoesters, releasing inorganic phosphate.
16793 triphosphoric monoester hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a triphosphoester to give a triphosphate group and a free hydroxyl group.
16794 diphosphoric monoester hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a diphosphoester to give a diphosphate group and a free hydroxyl group.
16795 phosphoric triester hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a phosphoric triester.
16796 exonuclease activity, active with either ribo- or deoxyribonucleic acids and producing 5'-phosphomonoesters F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' or 5' end to yield 5' phosphomonoesters.
16797 exonuclease activity, active with either ribo- or deoxyribonucleic acids and producing 3'-phosphomonoesters F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' or 5' end to yield 3' phosphomonoesters.
16798 hydrolase activity, acting on glycosyl bonds F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any glycosyl bond.
16799 hydrolase activity, hydrolyzing N-glycosyl compounds F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any N-glycosyl bond.
16801 hydrolase activity, acting on ether bonds F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any ether or thioether bond, -O- or -S- respectively.
16802 trialkylsulfonium hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a thioether bond, -S-.
16803 ether hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of an ether bond, -O-.
16805 dipeptidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a dipeptide.
16807 cysteine-type carboxypeptidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of C-terminal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile.
16810 hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any carbon-nitrogen bond, C-N, with the exception of peptide bonds.
16811 hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in linear amides F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any non-peptide carbon-nitrogen bond in a linear amide.
16812 hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in cyclic amides F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any non-peptide carbon-nitrogen bond in a cyclic amide.
16813 hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in linear amidines F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any non-peptide carbon-nitrogen bond in a linear amidine, a compound of the form R-C(=NH)-NH2.
16814 hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in cyclic amidines F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any non-peptide carbon-nitrogen bond in a cyclic amidine, a compound of the form R-C(=NH)-NH2.
16815 hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in nitriles F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any non-peptide carbon-nitrogen bond in a nitrile, a compound containing the cyano radical, -CN.
16817 hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any acid anhydride.
16818 hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, in phosphorus-containing anhydrides F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any acid anhydride which contains phosphorus.
16819 hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, in sulfonyl-containing anhydrides F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any acid anhydride which contains a sulfonyl group, -SO2-.
16820 hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, catalyzing transmembrane movement of substances F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of an acid anhydride to directly drive the transport of a substance across a membrane.
16822 hydrolase activity, acting on acid carbon-carbon bonds F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any acid carbon-carbon bond.
16823 hydrolase activity, acting on acid carbon-carbon bonds, in ketonic substances F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any acid carbon-carbon bond in a ketonic substance, a substance containing a keto (C=O) group.
16824 hydrolase activity, acting on acid halide bonds F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any acid halide bond.
16825 hydrolase activity, acting on acid phosphorus-nitrogen bonds F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any acid phosphorus-nitrogen bond.
16826 hydrolase activity, acting on acid sulfur-nitrogen bonds F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any acid sulfur-nitrogen bond.
16827 hydrolase activity, acting on acid carbon-phosphorus bonds F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any acid carbon-phosphorus bond.
16828 hydrolase activity, acting on acid sulfur-sulfur bonds F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any acid sulfur-sulfur bond.
16829 lyase activity F Catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond. They differ from other enzymes in that two substrates are involved in one reaction direction, but only one in the other direction. When acting on the single substrate, a molecule is eliminated and this generates either a new double bond or a new ring.
16830 carbon-carbon lyase activity F Catalysis of the cleavage of C-C bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond.
16831 carboxy-lyase activity F Catalysis of the nonhydrolytic addition or removal of a carboxyl group to or from a compound.
16832 aldehyde-lyase activity F Catalysis of the cleavage of a C-C bond in a molecule containing a hydroxyl group and a carbonyl group to form two smaller molecules, each being an aldehyde or a ketone.
16833 oxo-acid-lyase activity F Catalysis of the cleavage of a C-C bond by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, of a 3-hydroxy acid.
16835 carbon-oxygen lyase activity F Catalysis of the breakage of a carbon-oxygen bond.
16836 hydro-lyase activity F Catalysis of the cleavage of a carbon-oxygen bond by elimination of water.
16837 carbon-oxygen lyase activity, acting on polysaccharides F Catalysis of the cleavage of a carbon-oxygen bond by the elimination of an alcohol from a polysaccharide.
16838 carbon-oxygen lyase activity, acting on phosphates F Catalysis of the cleavage of a carbon-oxygen bond by elimination of a phosphate.
16840 carbon-nitrogen lyase activity F Catalysis of the release of ammonia or one of its derivatives, with the formation of a double bond or ring. Enzymes with this activity may catalyze the actual elimination of the ammonia, amine or amide, e.g. CH-CH(-NH-R) = C=CH- + NH2-R. Others, however, catalyze elimination of another component, e.g. water, which is followed by spontaneous reactions that lead to breakage of the C-N bond, e.g. L-serine ammonia-lyase (EC:4.3.1.17), so that the overall reaction is C(-OH)-CH(-NH2) = CH2-CO- + NH3, i.e. an elimination with rearrangement. The sub-subclasses of EC:4.3 are the ammonia-lyases (EC:4.3.1), lyases acting on amides, amidines, etc. (EC:4.3.2), the amine-lyases (EC:4.3.3), and other carbon-nitrogen lyases (EC:4.3.99).
16841 ammonia-lyase activity F Catalysis of the release of ammonia by the cleavage of a carbon-nitrogen bond or the reverse reaction with ammonia as a substrate.
16842 amidine-lyase activity F Catalysis of the release of amides or amidines by the cleavage of a carbon-nitrogen bond or the reverse reaction with an amide or amidine as a substrate.
16843 amine-lyase activity F Catalysis of the release of amides by the cleavage of a carbon-nitrogen bond or the reverse reaction with an amine as a substrate.
16844 strictosidine synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3alpha(S)-strictosidine + H(2)O = secologanin + tryptamine.
16846 carbon-sulfur lyase activity F Catalysis of the elimination of hydrogen sulfide or substituted H2S.
16847 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate + S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + H(+).
16848 carbon-halide lyase activity F Catalysis of the breakage of a bond between carbon and any halogen atom.
16849 phosphorus-oxygen lyase activity F Catalysis of the cleavage of a phosphorus-oxygen bond by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond.
16851 magnesium chelatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H(2)O + Mg(2+) + protoporphyrin IX = ADP + 2 H(+) + magnesium protoporphyrin IX + phosphate.
16852 sirohydrochlorin cobaltochelatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: sirohydrochlorin + Co2+ = cobalt-sirohydrochlorin + 2 H+.
16853 isomerase activity F Catalysis of the geometric or structural changes within one molecule. Isomerase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 5.
16854 racemase and epimerase activity F Catalysis of a reaction that alters the configuration of one or more chiral centers in a molecule.
16855 racemase and epimerase activity, acting on amino acids and derivatives F Catalysis of a reaction that alters the configuration of one or more chiral centers in an amino acid.
16856 racemase and epimerase activity, acting on hydroxy acids and derivatives F Catalysis of a reaction that alters the configuration of one or more chiral centers in a hydroxy acid molecule.
16857 racemase and epimerase activity, acting on carbohydrates and derivatives F Catalysis of a reaction that alters the configuration of one or more chiral centers in a carbohydrate molecule.
16859 cis-trans isomerase activity F Catalysis of a reaction that interconverts cis and trans isomers. Atoms or groups are termed cis or trans to one another when they lie respectively on the same or on opposite sides of a reference plane identifiable as common among stereoisomers.
16860 intramolecular oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which the hydrogen donor and acceptor are the same molecule, and no oxidized product appears.
16861 intramolecular oxidoreductase activity, interconverting aldoses and ketoses F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which the hydrogen donor and acceptor, which is an aldose or a ketose, are the same molecule, and no oxidized product appears.
16862 intramolecular oxidoreductase activity, interconverting keto- and enol-groups F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which the hydrogen donor and acceptor, which is a keto- or an enol-group, are the same molecule, and no oxidized product appears.
16863 intramolecular oxidoreductase activity, transposing C=C bonds F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which the hydrogen donor and acceptor are the same molecule, one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in the molecule are rearranged, and no oxidized product appears.
16864 intramolecular oxidoreductase activity, transposing S-S bonds F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which the hydrogen donor and acceptor are the same molecule, one or more sulfur-sulfur bonds in the molecule are rearranged, and no oxidized product appears.
16866 intramolecular transferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a functional group from one position to another within a single molecule.
16867 intramolecular transferase activity, transferring acyl groups F Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group from one position to another within a single molecule.
16868 intramolecular transferase activity, phosphotransferases F Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group from one position to another within a single molecule.
16869 intramolecular transferase activity, transferring amino groups F Catalysis of the transfer of an amino group from one position to another within a single molecule.
16871 cycloartenol synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene = cycloartenol.
16872 intramolecular lyase activity F The catalysis of certain rearrangements of a molecule to break or form a ring.
16874 ligase activity F Catalysis of the joining of two substances, or two groups within a single molecule, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.
16875 ligase activity, forming carbon-oxygen bonds F Catalysis of the joining of two molecules via a carbon-oxygen bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.
16876 ligase activity, forming aminoacyl-tRNA and related compounds F Catalysis of the joining of an amino acid and a nucleic acid (usually tRNA) or poly(ribitol phosphate), with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate. The reaction forms an aminoacyl-tRNA or a related compound.
16877 ligase activity, forming carbon-sulfur bonds F Catalysis of the joining of two molecules via a carbon-sulfur bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.
16878 acid-thiol ligase activity F Catalysis of the joining of an acid and a thiol via a carbon-sulfur bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.
16879 ligase activity, forming carbon-nitrogen bonds F Catalysis of the joining of two molecules, or two groups within a single molecule, via a carbon-nitrogen bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.
16880 acid-ammonia (or amide) ligase activity F Catalysis of the ligation of an acid to ammonia (NH3) or an amide via a carbon-nitrogen bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.
16881 acid-amino acid ligase activity F Catalysis of the ligation of an acid to an amino acid via a carbon-nitrogen bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.
16882 cyclo-ligase activity F Catalysis of the joining of two groups within a single molecule via a carbon-nitrogen bond, forming heterocyclic ring, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.
16884 carbon-nitrogen ligase activity, with glutamine as amido-N-donor F Catalysis of the transfer of the amide nitrogen of glutamine to a variety of substrates. GATases catalyze two separate reactions at two active sites, which are located either on a single polypeptide chain or on different subunits. In the glutaminase reaction, glutamine is hydrolyzed to glutamate and ammonia, which is added to an acceptor substrate in the synthase reaction.
16885 ligase activity, forming carbon-carbon bonds F Catalysis of the joining of two molecules via a carbon-carbon bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.
16886 ligase activity, forming phosphoric ester bonds F Catalysis of the joining of two molecules, or two groups within a single molecule, via a phosphoric ester bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.
16887 ATPase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate + 2 H+. May or may not be coupled to another reaction.
16888 endodeoxyribonuclease activity, producing 5'-phosphomonoesters F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acids by creating internal breaks to yield 5'-phosphomonoesters.
16889 endodeoxyribonuclease activity, producing 3'-phosphomonoesters F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acids by creating internal breaks to yield 3'-phosphomonoesters.
16890 site-specific endodeoxyribonuclease activity, specific for altered base F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages at specific sites within a deoxyribonucleic acid molecule by creating internal breaks.
16891 endoribonuclease activity, producing 5'-phosphomonoesters F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within ribonucleic acids by creating internal breaks to yield 5'-phosphomonoesters.
16892 endoribonuclease activity, producing 3'-phosphomonoesters F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within ribonucleic acids by creating internal breaks to yield 3'-phosphomonoesters.
16893 endonuclease activity, active with either ribo- or deoxyribonucleic acids and producing 5'-phosphomonoesters F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by creating internal breaks to yield 5'-phosphomonoesters.
16894 endonuclease activity, active with either ribo- or deoxyribonucleic acids and producing 3'-phosphomonoesters F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by creating internal breaks to yield 3'-phosphomonoesters.
16895 exodeoxyribonuclease activity, producing 5'-phosphomonoesters F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' or 5' end to yield 5' phosphomonoesters.
16896 exoribonuclease activity, producing 5'-phosphomonoesters F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within ribonucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' or 5' end to yield 5' phosphomonoesters.
16897 exoribonuclease activity, producing 3'-phosphomonoesters F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within ribonucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' or 5' end to yield 3' phosphomonoesters.
16898 oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, cytochrome as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a cytochrome molecule.
16899 oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, oxygen as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an oxygen molecule.
16900 oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, disulfide as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a disulfide molecule.
16901 oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, quinone or similar compound as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a quinone or a similar acceptor molecule.
16903 oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an aldehyde or ketone (oxo) group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.
16905 myosin heavy chain kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + myosin-heavy-chain = ADP + myosin-heavy-chain phosphate.
16906 sterol 3-beta-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + a sterol = UDP + an O-glucosylsterol.
16907 G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor activity F Combining with acetylcholine and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
16909 SAP kinase activity F Catalysis of the phosphorylation of proteins. A family of protein kinases that perform a crucial step in relaying signals from the plasma membrane to the nucleus. Strongly activated by stress signals such as heat or osmotic shock, DNA-damaging agents, inhibitors of protein synthesis and pro-inflammatory cytokines.
16913 follicle-stimulating hormone activity F The action characteristic of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), a gonadotrophic glycoprotein hormone secreted, in mammals, by the anterior pituitary gland. Upon receptor binding, FSH stimulates growth of Graafian follicles in the ovaries in females, and stimulates the epithelium of the seminiferous tubules to increase spermatogenesis.
16914 follicle-stimulating hormone complex C A gonadotrophic glycoprotein hormone secreted, in mammals, by the anterior pituitary gland; consists of alpha and beta subunits, the latter of which confers hormonal specificity.
16917 GABA receptor activity F Combining with gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) is an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms.
16918 retinal binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with retinal, one of the forms of vitamin A. Retinal plays an important role in the visual process in most vertebrates, combining with opsins to form visual pigments in the retina.
16920 pyroglutamyl-peptidase activity F Catalysis of the release of the N-terminal pyroglutamyl group from a peptide or protein.
16922 ligand-dependent nuclear receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently, in a ligand dependent manner, with a nuclear receptor protein.
16925 protein sumoylation P The process in which a SUMO protein (small ubiquitin-related modifier) is conjugated to a target protein via an isopeptide bond between the carboxyl terminus of SUMO with an epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue of the target protein.
16926 protein desumoylation P The process in which a SUMO protein (small ubiquitin-related modifier) is cleaved from its target protein.
16929 SUMO-specific protease activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of SUMO, a small ubiquitin-related modifier, from previously sumoylated substrates.
16933 extracellular-glycine-gated ion channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when extracellular glycine has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
16934 extracellular-glycine-gated chloride channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a channel that opens when extracellular glycine has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
16935 glycine-gated chloride channel complex C A protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which chloride ions may pass in response to glycine binding to the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
16936 galactoside binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any glycoside in which the sugar group is galactose.
16937 short-branched-chain-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + acceptor = 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + reduced acceptor, where the acyl group is a short branched chain fatty acid residue.
16938 kinesin I complex C A complex of two kinesin heavy chains and two kinesin light chains.
16939 kinesin II complex C A complex consisting of two distinct motor subunits that form a heterodimer complexed with a third non-motor accessory subunit, the kinesin associated protein or KAP; the KIF3 heterodimer interacts via its C-terminal portion with KAP, which is thought to regulate the binding of the motor to cargo membranes.
16941 natriuretic peptide receptor activity F Combining with a natriuretic peptide and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.
16942 insulin-like growth factor binding protein complex C A complex of proteins which includes the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and a number of IGF-binding proteins. The complex plays a role in growth and development.
16964 alpha-2 macroglobulin receptor activity F Combining with alpha-2 macroglobulin and delivering alpha-2 macroglobulin into the cell via receptor-mediated endocytosis.
16966 nitric oxide reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + 2 ferricytochrome c + nitrous oxide = 2 H(+) + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 nitric oxide.
16971 flavin-linked sulfhydryl oxidase activity F Catalysis of the formation of disulfide bridges.
16972 thiol oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4 R'C(R)SH + O2 = 2 R'C(R)S-S(R)CR' + 2 H2O.
16973 poly(A)+ mRNA export from nucleus P The directed movement of poly(A)+ mRNA out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
16977 chitosanase activity F Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of beta-1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and D-glucosamine residues in a partly acetylated chitosan.
16979 lipoate-protein ligase activity F Catalysis of the formation of carbon-nitrogen bonds between lipoate (5-(1,2-dithiolan-3-yl)pentanoate) and a protein.
16980 creatinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: creatine + H(2)O = sarcosine + urea.
16984 ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate + CO2 + H2O = 2 3-phospho-D-glycerate.
16985 mannan endo-1,4-beta-mannosidase activity F Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-mannosidic linkages in mannans, galactomannans, glucomannans, and galactoglucomannans.
16987 sigma factor activity F A sigma factor is the promoter specificity subunit of eubacterial-type multisubunit RNA polymerases, those whose core subunit composition is often described as alpha(2)-beta-beta-prime. (This type of multisubunit RNA polymerase complex is known to be found in eubacteria and plant plastids). Although sigma does not bind DNA on its own, when combined with the core to form the holoenzyme, this binds specifically to promoter sequences, with the sigma factor making sequence specific contacts with the promoter elements. The sigma subunit is released from the elongating form of the polymerase and is thus free to act catalytically for multiple RNA polymerase core enzymes.
16989 sigma factor antagonist activity F The function of binding to a sigma factor and stopping, preventing or reducing the rate of its transcriptional activity.
16990 arginine deiminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine + H2O = L-citrulline + NH3.
16992 lipoate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: protein N6-(octanoyl)lysine + 2 sulfur + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = protein N6-(lipoyl)lysine + 2 L-methionine + 2 5'-deoxyadenosyl.
16993 precorrin-8X methylmutase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: precorrin-8X = hydrogenobyrinate.
16994 precorrin-6A reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: precorrin-6B + NADP+ = precorrin-6A + NADPH + H+.
16995 cholesterol oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cholesterol + O2 = cholest-5-en-3-one + H2O2.
16996 endo-alpha-(2,8)-sialidase activity F Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (2->8)-alpha-sialosyl linkages in oligo- or poly(sialic) acids.
16997 alpha-sialidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-glycosidic linkages in oligo- or poly(sialic) acids.
16998 cell wall macromolecule catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of macromolecules that form part of a cell wall.
16999 antibiotic metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving an antibiotic, a substance produced by or derived from certain fungi, bacteria, and other organisms, that can destroy or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms.
17000 antibiotic biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antibiotic, a substance produced by or derived from certain fungi, bacteria, and other organisms, that can destroy or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms.
17001 antibiotic catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of antibiotic, a substance produced by or derived from certain fungi, bacteria, and other organisms, that can destroy or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms.
17002 activin-activated receptor activity F Combining with activin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. Activin is one of two gonadal glycoproteins related to transforming growth factor beta.
17003 protein-heme linkage P The covalent linkage of heme and a protein.
17004 cytochrome complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a cytochrome complex. A cytochrome complex is a protein complex in which at least one of the proteins is a cytochrome, i.e. a heme-containing protein involved in catalysis of redox reactions.
17005 3'-tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of 3'-phosphotyrosyl groups formed as covalent intermediates (in DNA backbone breakage) between DNA topoisomerase I and DNA.
17006 protein-tetrapyrrole linkage P The covalent linking of a tetrapyrrole to a protein.
17007 protein-bilin linkage P The covalent linkage of bilin and a protein.
17008 protein-phycobiliviolin linkage P The linkage of the chromophore phycobiliviolin to phycoerythrocyanin.
17009 protein-phycocyanobilin linkage P The linkage of the chromophore phycocyanobilin to phycocyanin or allophycocyanin.
17010 protein-phycourobilin linkage P The linkage of the chromophore phycourobilin to phycoerythrins.
17011 protein-phycoerythrobilin linkage P The linkage of the chromophore phycoerythrobilin to phycoerythrins.
17012 protein-phytochromobilin linkage P The linkage of the chromophore phytochromobilin to phycocyanin or allophycocyanin.
17013 protein flavinylation P The addition of a flavin group to a protein amino acid.
17014 protein nitrosylation P The covalent addition of a nitric oxide group to an amino acid within a protein.
17015 regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of activity of any TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway.
17016 Ras GTPase binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any member of the Ras superfamily of monomeric GTPases.
17017 MAP kinase tyrosine/serine/threonine phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: MAP kinase serine/threonine/tyrosine phosphate + H2O = MAP kinase serine/threonine/tyrosine + phosphate.
17018 myosin phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phosphomyosin + H2O = myosin + phosphate.
17020 myosin phosphatase regulator activity F Modulation of the activity of the enzyme myosin phosphatase.
17022 myosin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any part of a myosin complex; myosins are any of a superfamily of molecular motor proteins that bind to actin and use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to generate force and movement along actin filaments.
17023 myosin phosphatase complex C An enzyme complex that catalyzes the removal of the phosphate group from phosphomyosin.
17024 myosin I binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a class I myosin; myosin I heavy chains are single-headed, possess tails of various lengths, and do not self-associate into bipolar filaments.
17025 TBP-class protein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a member of the class of TATA-binding proteins (TBP), including any of the TBP-related factors (TRFs).
17032 potassium:amino acid symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: amino acid(out) + K+(out) = amino acid(in) + K+(in).
17034 Rap guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity F Stimulates the exchange of guanyl nucleotides associated with a GTPase of the Rap family. Under normal cellular physiological conditions, the concentration of GTP is higher than that of GDP, favoring the replacement of GDP by GTP in association with the GTPase.
17038 protein import P The targeting and directed movement of proteins into a cell or organelle. Not all import involves an initial targeting event.
17040 ceramidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-acylsphingosine + H2O = a fatty acid + sphingosine.
17041 galactosylgalactosylglucosylceramidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactosyl-D-galactosyl-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine + H2O = lactosyl-N-acylsphingosine + D-galactose.
17042 glycosylceramidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glycosyl-N-acylsphingosine + H2O = a sugar + N-acylsphingosine.
17044 melanocyte-stimulating hormone activity F The action characteristic of melanocyte-stimulating hormone, any of three peptide hormones that are produced by the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland and, upon receptor binding, cause dispersal of melanosomes in melanophores of poikilothermic vertebrates.
17045 corticotropin-releasing hormone activity F The action characteristic of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), any of a number of peptides released by the mammalian hypothalamus into the hypophyseal-portal circulation in response to neural and/or chemical stimuli. Upon receptor binding, CRH increases the rate of corticotropin secretion by the anterior pituitary.
17046 peptide hormone binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any peptide with hormonal activity in animals.
17048 Rho GTPase binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with Rho protein, any member of the Rho subfamily of the Ras superfamily of monomeric GTPases. Proteins in the Rho subfamily are involved in relaying signals from cell-surface receptors to the actin cytoskeleton.
17049 GTP-Rho binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the GTP-bound form of the Rho protein.
17050 D-erythro-sphingosine kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: sphingosine + ATP = sphingosine 1-phosphate + ADP.
17051 retinol dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + retinol = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + anhydroretinol.
17053 transcriptional repressor complex C A protein complex that possesses activity that prevents or downregulates transcription.
17054 negative cofactor 2 complex C A heterodimeric protein complex that can stably associate with TATA-binding protein on promoters, thereby preventing the assembly of transcription factors TFIIA and TFIIB and leading to repression of RNA polymerase II transcription. The two subunits, NC2alpha (Drap1) and NC2beta (Dr1), dimerize through histone fold domains of the H2A/H2B type present in the amino termini.
17055 negative regulation of RNA polymerase II transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase II transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly.
17056 structural constituent of nuclear pore F The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the nuclear pore complex.
17057 6-phosphogluconolactonase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 6-O-phosphono-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H(2)O = 6-phospho-D-gluconate + H(+).
17058 FH1 domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a FH1 domain of a protein, a proline-rich domain, usually located in front of a FH2 domain.
17059 serine C-palmitoyltransferase complex C An enzyme complex that catalyzes the transfer of a palmitoyl on to serine, forming 3-dehydro-D-sphinganine.
17060 3-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 4-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-L-fucose + beta-D-galactosyl-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R = GDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1,3)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1,4)]-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R.
17061 S-methyl-5-thioadenosine phosphorylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5'-methylthioadenosine + phosphate = adenine + 5-methylthio-D-ribose 1-phosphate.
17062 respiratory chain complex III assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the cytochrome bc(1) complex, a transmembrane lipoprotein complex that it catalyzes the reduction of cytochrome c by accepting reducing equivalents from Coenzyme Q, by the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of its constituents.
17064 fatty acid amide hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a fatty acid amide to yield a fatty acid.
17065 single-strand selective uracil DNA N-glycosylase activity F Catalysis of the cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar, releasing a free base and leaving an apyrimidinic (AP) site. Enzymes with this activity recognize and remove uracil bases present in single-stranded DNA.
17067 tyrosine-ester sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + L-tyrosine methyl ester = L-tyrosine methyl ester 4-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H(+).
17069 snRNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a small nuclear RNA (snRNA).
17070 U6 snRNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the U6 small nuclear RNA (U6 snRNA).
17071 intracellular cyclic nucleotide activated cation channel complex C A protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which cations ions may pass in response to an intracellular cyclic nucleotide binding to the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
17075 syntaxin-1 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the SNAP receptor syntaxin-1.
17076 purine nucleotide binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with purine nucleotides, any compound consisting of a purine nucleoside esterified with (ortho)phosphate.
17077 oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler activity F Catalysis of the transfer of protons from mitochondrial intermembrane space into mitochondrial matrix, dissipating the proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane established by the electron transport chain during the oxidative phosphorylation (proton leak). Proton leak uncouples the processes of electron transport/proton generation and ATP synthesis.
17080 sodium channel regulator activity F Modulates the activity of a sodium channel.
17081 chloride channel regulator activity F Modulates the activity of a chloride channel.
17082 mineralocorticoid receptor activity F Combining with a mineralocorticoid and transmitting the signal to the transcriptional machinery by interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase II.
17083 4-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 3-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-beta-L-fucose + beta-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R = GDP + 1,4-beta-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1,4)]-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R.
17084 delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + ATP + NADPH = ADP + L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde + NADP+ + phosphate.
17085 response to insecticide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insecticide stimulus. Insecticides are chemicals used to kill insects.
17086 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) complex C A protein complex that catalyzes the reaction 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + lipoamide = S-(2-methylpropanoyl)-dihydrolipoamide + carbon dioxide (CO2). This requires thiamine diphosphate; the enzyme also acts on (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate and 4-methyl-2-oxo-pentanoate.
17087 mitochondrial processing peptidase complex C A protein complex that consists of a catalytic alpha subunit (alpha-MPP) and a regulatory beta subunit (beta-MPP), and catalyzes the release of N-terminal targeting peptides from precursor proteins imported into the mitochondrion.
17089 glycolipid transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of glycolipids, compounds containing (usually) 1-4 linked monosaccharide residues joined by a glycosyl linkage to a lipid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
17090 meprin A complex C A protein complex that is located in the cell membrane, and is involved in the metabolism of peptides, including neuropeptides. The complex has metalloendopeptidase activity that catalyzes the hydrolysis of protein and peptide substrates, preferentially on carboxyl side of hydrophobic residues.
17091 AU-rich element binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a region of RNA containing frequent adenine and uridine bases.
17095 heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + heparan sulfate = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfate; results in 6-O-sulfation of glucosamine residues in heparan sulfate.
17096 acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N-acetylserotonin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + melatonin. Melatonin is also known as N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine.
17098 sulfonylurea receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the sulfonylurea receptor, a regulatory subunit of the ATP-sensitive potassium ion channel.
17099 very-long-chain-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + acceptor = 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + reduced acceptor, where the acyl group is a very long chain fatty acid residue. A very long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid which has a chain length greater than C22.
17101 aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase multienzyme complex C A multienzyme complex found in all multicellular eukaryotes composed of eight proteins with aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activities (abbreviated as: ArgRS, AspRS, GluProRS, GlnRS, IleRS, LeuRS, LysRS, MetRS where RS is the enzyme, preceded by the amino acid it uses as a substrate) as well as three non-synthetase proteins (p43, p38, and p18) with diverse functions. Several of these subunits are known dimers, so the total polypeptide count in the multisynthetase complex is at least fifteen. All of the enzymes in this assembly catalyze the same reaction, the covalent attachment of an amino acid to either the 2'- or 3'-hydroxyl of the 3'-terminal adenosine of tRNA, but using different substrates.
17102 methionyl glutamyl tRNA synthetase complex C A complex consisting of methionyl- and glutamyl-tRNA synthetases. The tRNA synthetases present in the complex bind to their cognate tRNAs more efficiently than they do as monomers.
17103 UTP:galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate + UTP = diphosphate + UDP-D-galactose.
17105 acyl-CoA delta11-desaturase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + reduced acceptor + O2 = delta11-acyl-CoA + acceptor + 2 H2O.
17107 anion exchanger adaptor activity F The binding activity of a molecule that brings together an anion exchanger and one or more other molecules, permitting them to function in a coordinated way.
17108 5'-flap endonuclease activity F Catalysis of the cleavage of a 5' flap structure in DNA, but not other DNA structures; processes the 5' ends of Okazaki fragments in lagging strand DNA synthesis.
17109 glutamate-cysteine ligase complex C An enzyme complex that catalyzes the ligation of glutamate to cysteine, forming glutamylcysteine.
17110 nucleoside-diphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a nucleoside diphosphate + H2O = a nucleotide + phosphate.
17111 nucleoside-triphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a nucleoside triphosphate + H2O = nucleoside diphosphate + phosphate.
17112 Rab guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity F Stimulates the exchange of guanyl nucleotides associated with a GTPase of the Rab family. Under normal cellular physiological conditions, the concentration of GTP is higher than that of GDP, favoring the replacement of GDP by GTP in association with the GTPase.
17113 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5,6-dihydrouracil + NADP+ = uracil + NADPH + H+.
17116 single-stranded DNA-dependent ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, in the presence of single-stranded DNA; drives the unwinding of a DNA helix.
17117 single-stranded DNA-dependent ATP-dependent DNA helicase complex C A protein complex that possesses single-stranded DNA-dependent DNA helicase activity.
17118 lipoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of the lipoyl group from lipoyl-AMP to the lysine residue of lipoate-dependent enzyme.
17119 Golgi transport complex C A multisubunit tethering complex of the CATCHR family (complexes associated with tethering containing helical rods) that has a role in tethering vesicles to the Golgi prior to fusion. In yeast, this complex is called the Sec34/35 complex and is composed of eight subunits (Sec34p, Sec35p, Dor1p, Cod1p, Cod2p, Cod3p, Cod4p, and Cod5p). In mammals the subunits are named COG1-8.
17121 phospholipid scrambling P The movement of a population of phospholipid molecules from one leaflet of the plasma membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet, resulting in loss of lipid asymmetry and surface exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE).
17122 protein N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase complex C Heterotrimeric enzyme complex, which in humans is composed of two large subunits of the same size, and one smaller subunit. Functions in the addition of nucleotide-activated sugars onto the polypeptide.
17124 SH3 domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a SH3 domain (Src homology 3) of a protein, small protein modules containing approximately 50 amino acid residues found in a great variety of intracellular or membrane-associated proteins.
17125 deoxycytidyl transferase activity F Catalysis of the insertion of a dCMP residue opposite a template abasic site in DNA.
17126 nucleologenesis P A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a nucleolus, a small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
17127 cholesterol transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of cholesterol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Cholesterol is the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.
17128 phospholipid scramblase activity F Catalysis of the movement of phospholipids from one membrane bilayer leaflet to the other, by an ATP-independent mechanism.
17129 triglyceride binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any triester of glycerol.
17130 poly(C) RNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of cytosine residues in an RNA molecule.
17131 uridine-rich cytoplasmic polyadenylylation element binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with U-rich sequence in the 3'-end of nuclear-transcribed mRNAs; required for cytoplasmic polyadenylylation.
17132 cyclic nucleotide-dependent guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity F Stimulates the exchange of guanyl nucleotides associated with a GTPase; dependent on the presence of a cyclic nucleotide.
17133 mitochondrial electron transfer flavoprotein complex C A protein complex located in the mitochondrion. It contains flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) that, together with an acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, forms a system that oxidizes an acyl-CoA molecule and reduces ubiquinone and other acceptors in the mitochondrial electron transport system.
17134 fibroblast growth factor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a fibroblast growth factor.
17136 NAD-dependent histone deacetylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: histone N6-acetyl-L-lysine + H2O = histone L-lysine + acetate. This reaction requires the presence of NAD, and represents the removal of an acetyl group from a histone.
17137 Rab GTPase binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with Rab protein, any member of the Rab subfamily of the Ras superfamily of monomeric GTPases.
17143 insecticide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving insecticides, chemicals used to kill insects.
17144 drug metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a drug, a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease; as used here antibiotic substances (see antibiotic metabolism) are considered to be drugs, even if not used in medical or veterinary practice.
17145 stem cell division P The self-renewing division of a stem cell. A stem cell is an undifferentiated cell, in the embryo or adult, that can undergo unlimited division and give rise to one or several different cell types.
17146 NMDA selective glutamate receptor complex C An assembly of four or five subunits which form a structure with an extracellular N-terminus and a large loop that together form the ligand binding domain. The C-terminus is intracellular. The ionotropic glutamate receptor complex itself acts as a ligand gated ion channel; on binding glutamate, charged ions pass through a channel in the center of the receptor complex. NMDA receptors are composed of assemblies of NR1 subunits (Figure 3) and NR2 subunits, which can be one of four separate gene products (NR2A-D). Expression of both subunits are required to form functional channels. The glutamate binding domain is formed at the junction of NR1 and NR2 subunits. NMDA receptors are permeable to calcium ions as well as being permeable to other ions. Thus NMDA receptor activation leads to a calcium influx into the post-synaptic cells, a signal thought to be crucial for the induction of NMDA-receptor dependent LTP and LTD.
17147 Wnt-protein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with Wnt-protein, a secreted growth factor involved in signaling.
17148 negative regulation of translation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA.
17150 tRNA dihydrouridine synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA-uracil + acceptor = tRNA-dihydrouridine + reduced acceptor.
17151 DEAD/H-box RNA helicase binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the enzyme DEAD/H-box RNA helicase.
17153 sodium:dicarboxylate symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: dicarboxylate(out) + Na+(out) = dicarboxylate(in) + Na+(in).
17154 semaphorin receptor activity F Combining with a semaphorin, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
17156 calcium ion regulated exocytosis P The release of intracellular molecules (e.g. hormones, matrix proteins) contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle by fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane of a cell, induced by a rise in cytosolic calcium-ion levels.
17157 regulation of exocytosis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exocytosis.
17158 regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis.
17159 pantetheine hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-pantetheine + H(2)O = (R)-pantothenate + cysteamine.
17160 Ral GTPase binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with Ral protein, any member of the Ral subfamily of the Ras superfamily of monomeric GTPases.
17161 inositol-1,3,4-trisphosphate 4-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol 1,3-bisphosphate + phosphate.
17162 aryl hydrocarbon receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an aryl hydrocarbon receptor.
17166 vinculin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with vinculin, a protein found in muscle, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells that binds actin and appears to mediate attachment of actin filaments to integral proteins of the plasma membrane.
17168 5-oxoprolinase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-oxo-L-proline + ATP + 2 H(2)O = L-glutamate + ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphate.
17169 CDP-alcohol phosphatidyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: CDP + alcohol = CMP + phosphatidyl alcohol.
17171 serine hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a substrate by a catalytic mechanism that involves a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile that is activated by a proton relay involving an acidic residue (e.g. aspartate or glutamate) and a basic residue (usually histidine).
17172 cysteine dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + O(2) = 3-sulfino-L-alanine + H(+).
17174 glycine N-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + glycine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + sarcosine.
17176 phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + phosphatidylinositol = UDP + N-acetyl-D-glucosaminylphosphatidylinositol.
17177 glucosidase II complex C A heterodimeric complex that catalyzes the trimming of glucose residues from N-linked core glycans on newly synthesized glycoproteins.
17178 diphthine-ammonia ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + diphthine + NH(4)(+) = ADP + diphthamide + H(+) + phosphate.
17179 peptidyl-diphthine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving peptidyl-diphthine, a modified histidine residue.
17180 peptidyl-diphthine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-histidine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptidyl-diphthine from other compounds, including peptidyl-histidine.
17181 peptidyl-diphthine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of peptidyl-diphthine, a modified histidine residue.
17182 peptidyl-diphthamide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving peptidyl-diphthamide, a modified histidine residue.
17183 peptidyl-diphthamide biosynthetic process from peptidyl-histidine P The modification of peptidyl-histidine to 2'-(3-carboxamido-3-(trimethylammonio)propyl)-L-histidine, known as diphthamide, found in translation elongation factor EF-2. The process occurs in eukaryotes and archaea but not eubacteria.
17184 peptidyl-diphthamide catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of peptidyl-diphthamide, a modified histidine residue.
17185 peptidyl-lysine hydroxylation P The hydroxylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-hydroxylysine.
17186 peptidyl-pyroglutamic acid biosynthetic process, using glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptidyl-pyroglutamic acid, catalyzed by glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase.
17187 peptidyl-glutamic acid carboxylation P The gamma-carboxylation of peptidyl-glutamic acid; catalyzed by the vitamin K dependent gamma-glutamyl carboxylase.
17188 aspartate N-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-L-aspartate + CoA + H(+).
17189 N-terminal peptidyl-alanine acetylation P The acetylation of the N-terminal alanine of proteins; catalyzed by peptide alpha-N-acetyltransferase or other enzymes of this class, such as ribosomal-protein-alanine N-acetyltransferase.
17190 N-terminal peptidyl-aspartic acid acetylation P The acetylation of the N-terminal aspartic acid of proteins; catalyzed by aspartate N-acetyltransferase.
17192 N-terminal peptidyl-glutamine acetylation P The acetylation of a glutamine residue in protein to form the N5-methyl-L-glutamine derivative. The occurrence of this modification has not been confirmed. Its annotation in sequence databases is either due to the misidentification of 2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid, or to inappropriate homolog comparisons when proteolytic modification is more probable.
17193 N-terminal peptidyl-glycine acetylation P The acetylation of the N-terminal glycine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetylglycine.
17194 N-terminal peptidyl-isoleucine acetylation P The acetylation of the N-terminal isoleucine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-isoleucine. The occurrence of this modification has not been confirmed.
17195 N-terminal peptidyl-lysine N2-acetylation P The acetylation of the N-terminal lysine of proteins to form the derivative N2-acetyl-L-lysine. The occurrence of this modification has not been confirmed.
17196 N-terminal peptidyl-methionine acetylation P The acetylation of the N-terminal methionine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-methionine.
17197 N-terminal peptidyl-proline acetylation P The acetylation of the N-terminal proline of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-proline.
17198 N-terminal peptidyl-serine acetylation P The acetylation of the N-terminal serine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-serine.
17199 N-terminal peptidyl-threonine acetylation P The acetylation of the N-terminal threonine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-threonine; catalyzed by peptide alpha-N-acetyltransferase.
18000 N-terminal peptidyl-tyrosine acetylation P The acetylation of the N-terminal tyrosine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-tyrosine.
18001 N-terminal peptidyl-valine acetylation P The acetylation of the N-terminal tyrosine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-valine.
18002 N-terminal peptidyl-glutamic acid acetylation P The acetylation of the N-terminal glutamic acid of proteins to form the derivate acetyl-glutamic acid.
18003 peptidyl-lysine N6-acetylation P The acetylation of the peptidyl-lysine of proteins to form the derivative peptidyl-N6-acetyl-L-lysine.
18004 N-terminal protein formylation P The formylation of the N-terminal amino acid of proteins.
18005 N-terminal peptidyl-glycine N-formylation P The formylation of the N-terminal glycine of proteins to form the derivative N-formylglycine.
18006 N-terminal protein amino acid glucuronylation P The glucuronylation of the N-terminal amino acid of proteins.
18007 N-terminal peptidyl-glycine N-glucuronylation P The glucuronylation of the N-terminal glycine of proteins to form the derivative D-glucuronyl-N-glycine.
18008 N-terminal peptidyl-glycine N-myristoylation P The myristoylation of the N-terminal glycine of proteins to form the derivative N-myristoyl-glycine.
18009 N-terminal peptidyl-L-cysteine N-palmitoylation P The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to a nitrogen (N) atom in an N-terminal cysteine residue to form N-palmitoyl-L-cysteine.
18010 glycoprotein N-palmitoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + glycoprotein = CoA + N-palmitoylglycoprotein.
18011 N-terminal peptidyl-alanine methylation P The methylation of the N-terminal alanine of proteins.
18012 N-terminal peptidyl-alanine trimethylation P The trimethylation of the N-terminal alanine of proteins to form the derivative peptidyl-N,N,N-trimethyl-L-alanine.
18013 N-terminal peptidyl-glycine methylation P The methylation of the N-terminal glycine of proteins to form the derivative N-methylglycine.
18014 N-terminal peptidyl-methionine methylation P The methylation of the N-terminal methionine of proteins to form the derivative N-methyl-L-methionine.
18015 N-terminal peptidyl-phenylalanine methylation P The methylation of the N-terminal phenylalanine of proteins to form the derivative N-methyl-L-phenylalanine.
18016 N-terminal peptidyl-proline dimethylation P The methylation of the N-terminal proline of proteins to form the derivative N,N-dimethyl-L-proline.
18019 N-terminal peptidyl-glutamine methylation P The methylation of a glutamine residue in proteins to form the peptidyl-N5-methyl-L-glutamine derivative.
18020 peptidyl-glutamic acid methylation P The addition of a methyl group to a glutamic acid residue in a protein.
18021 peptidyl-histidine methylation P The methylation of peptidyl-L-histidine to form peptidyl-L-1'-methyl-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-methylhistidine, tele-methylhistidine) or peptidyl-L-3'-methyl-L-histidine (otherwise known as pi-methylhistidine, pros-methylhistidine).
18022 peptidyl-lysine methylation P The methylation of peptidyl-lysine to form either the mono-, di- or trimethylated derivative.
18023 peptidyl-lysine trimethylation P The methylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine.
18024 histone-lysine N-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone L-lysine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone N6-methyl-L-lysine. The methylation of peptidyl-lysine in histones forms N6-methyl-L-lysine, N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysine and N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine derivatives.
18025 calmodulin-lysine N-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + calmodulin L-lysine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + calmodulin N6-methyl-L-lysine.
18026 peptidyl-lysine monomethylation P The methylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-methyl-L-lysine.
18027 peptidyl-lysine dimethylation P The methylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysine.
18028 peptidyl-lysine myristoylation P The myristoylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-myristoyl-L-lysine.
18029 peptidyl-lysine palmitoylation P The palmitoylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-palmitoyl-L-lysine.
18030 peptidyl-lysine N6-myristoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a myristoyl group to the N6 nitrogen atom on a lysine residue of a peptide or protein molecule.
18031 peptidyl-lysine N6-palmitoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a palmitoyl group to the N6 nitrogen atom on a lysine residue of a peptide or protein molecule.
18032 protein amidation P Addition of an amide group from a glycine to a protein amino acid.
18033 protein C-terminal amidation P The formation of a C-terminal amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior peptide in a secreted protein.
18034 C-terminal peptidyl-alanine amidation P The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-alanine amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Ala-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
18035 C-terminal peptidyl-arginine amidation P The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-arginine amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Arg-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
18036 C-terminal peptidyl-asparagine amidation P The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-asparagine amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Asn-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
18037 C-terminal peptidyl-aspartic acid amidation P The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-aspartic acid 1-amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Asp-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
18038 C-terminal peptidyl-cysteine amidation P The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-cysteine amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Cys-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
18039 C-terminal peptidyl-glutamine amidation P The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-glutamine amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Gln-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
18040 C-terminal peptidyl-glutamic acid amidation P The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-glutamic acid amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Glu-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
18041 C-terminal peptidyl-glycine amidation P The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-glycine acid amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Gly-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
18042 C-terminal peptidyl-histidine amidation P The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-histidine amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior His-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
18043 C-terminal peptidyl-isoleucine amidation P The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-isoleucine amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Ile-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
18044 C-terminal peptidyl-leucine amidation P The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-leucine amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Leu-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
18045 C-terminal peptidyl-lysine amidation P The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-lysine amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Lys-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
18046 C-terminal peptidyl-methionine amidation P The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-methionine amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Met-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
18047 C-terminal peptidyl-phenylalanine amidation P The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-phenylalanine amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Phe-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
18048 C-terminal peptidyl-proline amidation P The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-proline amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Pro-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
18049 C-terminal peptidyl-serine amidation P The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-serine amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Ser-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
18050 C-terminal peptidyl-threonine amidation P The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-threonine amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Thr-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
18051 C-terminal peptidyl-tryptophan amidation P The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-tryptophan amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Trp-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
18052 C-terminal peptidyl-tyrosine amidation P The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-tyrosine amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Tyr-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
18053 C-terminal peptidyl-valine amidation P The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-valine amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Val-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
18054 peptidyl-lysine biotinylation P The covalent modification of peptidyl-lysine by biotin to form peptidyl-N6-biotinyl-L-lysine.
18055 peptidyl-lysine lipoylation P The lipoylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-lipoyl-L-lysine.
18057 peptidyl-lysine oxidation P The oxidation of the terminal amino-methylene groups of peptidyl-L-lysine or peptidyl-5-hydroxy-L-lysine to aldehyde groups to form allysine or hydroxyallysine residues, respectively; these are intermediates in the formation of covalent cross-links between adjacent polypeptide chains in proteins such as collagens.
18058 N-terminal protein amino acid deamination, from amino carbon P The oxidative deamination of the alpha carbon of an encoded N-terminal amino acid, to form pyruvic acid retaining an amide bond between its 1-carboxyl group and the adjacent residue. The pyruvate 2-oxo group may become an enzyme active site, or it may be reduced to an alcohol.
18059 N-terminal peptidyl-serine deamination P The oxidative deamination of N-terminal peptidyl-serine to form pyruvic acid with an amide bond between its 1-carboxyl group and the N-terminal residue.
18060 N-terminal peptidyl-cysteine deamination P The oxidative deamination of N-terminal peptidyl-cysteine to form pyruvic acid with an amide bond between its 1-carboxyl group and the N-terminal residue.
18061 peptidyl-L-3-phenyllactic acid biosynthetic process from peptidyl-phenylalanine P The modification of a N-terminal peptidyl-phenylalanine residue by either oxidative deamination or by transamination and subsequent reduction to form peptidyl-L-3-phenyllactic acid.
18062 peptidyl-tryptophan succinylation P The modification of an N-terminal peptidyl-tryptophan residue to form peptidyl-N2-succinyl-L-tryptophan.
18063 cytochrome c-heme linkage P The linkage of cytochromes and other heme proteins to heme.
18064 protein-histidine N-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + protein L-histidine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + protein N-methyl-L-histidine.
18065 protein-cofactor linkage P The covalent attachment of a cofactor to a protein.
18067 peptidyl-L-3',4'-dihydroxyphenylalanine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-tyrosine P The modification of protein tyrosine to peptidyl-L-3',4'-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA).
18068 peptidyl-L-2',4',5'-topaquinone biosynthetic process from peptidyl-tyrosine P The modification of protein tyrosine to L-2',4',5'-topaquinone, characteristic of the active site of copper amine oxidases.
18069 peptide cross-linking via 4'-(L-tryptophan)-L-tryptophyl quinone P The cross-linking of a tryptophan residue to tryptophyl quinone to form 4'-(L-tryptophan)-L-tryptophyl quinone, a cofactor found at the active site of methylamine dehydrogenase.
18070 peptidyl-serine phosphopantetheinylation P The phosphopantetheinylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-phosphopantetheine-L-serine.
18071 NAD(P)-cysteine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + L-cysteine = nicotinamide + N2-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-cysteine.
18072 peptidyl-L-glutamyl 5-glycerylphosphorylethanolamine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-glutamic acid P The modification of peptidyl-glutamic acid residues by the covalent attachment of ethanolamine, itself further modified by the addition of a phosphoglycerol unit.
18073 protein bromination P The addition of one or more bromine atoms to an amino acid residue in a protein.
18074 peptidyl-histidine bromination P The bromination of peptidyl-histidine to form peptidyl-L-bromohistidine; the position of the bromine substitution is unknown.
18075 peptidyl-phenylalanine bromination P The bromination of phenylalanine.
18076 N-terminal peptidyl-lysine acetylation P The acetylation of the N-terminal lysine of proteins.
18077 protein iodination P The addition of one or more iodine atoms to an amino acid residue in a protein.
18078 peptidyl-thyronine iodination P The iodination of peptidyl-thyronine, formed from tyrosine.
18079 protein halogenation P The addition of a halogen to a protein amino acid.
18080 peptidyl-tryptophan bromination P The bromination of peptidyl-tryptophan, to form peptidyl-L-6'-bromotryptophan.
18081 peptide cross-linking via lanthionine or 3-methyl-lanthionine P The synthesis of (2R,6R)-lanthionine, sn-(2S,6R)-lanthionine or (2S,3S,6R)-3-methyl-lanthionine, forming an intra-polypeptide cross-link between peptidyl-cysteine, and peptidyl-serine or peptidyl-threonine; dehydration of the serine or threonine residue to the alpha,beta-unsaturated amino acid is the first step; a bond then forms between the ethylene (ethene) group thus formed and the sulfur atom of a cysteine, with the inversion of the configuration of the alpha carbon of the serine or threonine occurring during the process.
18082 peptidyl-(Z)-dehydrobutyrine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-threonine P The formation of (Z)-dehydrobutyrine by the dehydration of peptidyl-threonine.
18083 peptidyl-L-3-oxoalanine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine or peptidyl-serine P The modification of peptidyl-cysteine or peptidyl-serine to peptidyl-L-3-oxoalanine; characteristic of the active sites of arylsulfatases.
18084 peptidyl-lactic acid biosynthetic process from peptidyl-serine P The modification of N-terminal peptidyl-serine to lactic acid.
18085 peptidyl-L-amino acid racemization P The process of conversion of a L-amino acid into its enantiomer, the corresponding D-amino acid.
18091 peptidyl-asparagine racemization P The racemization of peptidyl-asparagine.
18094 protein polyglycylation P The addition of glycyl units covalently bound to the gamma carboxyl group peptidyl-glutamic acid.
18095 protein polyglutamylation P The addition of one or more alpha-linked glutamyl units to the gamma carboxyl group of peptidyl-glutamic acid.
18096 peptide cross-linking via S-(2-aminovinyl)-D-cysteine P The synthesis of (S,Z)-S-(2-aminovinyl)cysteine forming an intra-polypeptide cross-link between serine and cysteine.
18097 protein-chromophore linkage via peptidyl-S-4-hydroxycinnamyl-L-cysteine P The synthesis of the chromophore S-4-hydroxycinnamyl-L-cysteine.
18101 protein citrullination P The hydrolysis of peptidyl-arginine to form peptidyl-citrulline.
18102 peptidyl-arginine hydroxylation to peptidyl-4-hydroxy-L-arginine P The hydroxylation of peptidyl-arginine to form peptidyl-4-hydroxy-L-arginine.
18103 protein C-linked glycosylation P A protein glycosylation process in which a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit is added to a protein via a C atom.
18104 peptidoglycan-protein cross-linking P The process of covalently linking peptidoglycan (murein) to proteins.
18105 peptidyl-serine phosphorylation P The phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-serine.
18106 peptidyl-histidine phosphorylation P The phosphorylation of peptidyl-histidine to form peptidyl-1'-phospho-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-phosphohistidine, tele-phosphohistidine) or peptidyl-3'-phospho-L-histidine (otherwise known as pi-phosphohistidine, pros-phosphohistidine).
18107 peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation P The phosphorylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine.
18108 peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation P The phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-O4'-phospho-L-tyrosine.
18109 peptidyl-arginine phosphorylation P The phosphorylation of peptidyl-arginine to form omega-N-phospho-L-arginine.
18110 histone arginine kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: histone L-arginine + ATP = histone N(omega)-phospho-L-arginine + ADP + 2 H(+).
18111 methionine racemase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-methionine = D-methionine.
18112 proline racemase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-proline = D-proline.
18113 lysine racemase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine = D-lysine.
18114 threonine racemase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-threonine = D-threonine.
18115 peptidyl-S-diphytanylglycerol diether-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine P The modification of cysteine to form peptidyl-S-diphytanylglycerol diether-L-cysteine.
18116 peptidyl-lysine adenylylation P The adenylylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-lysine.
18117 protein adenylylation P The addition of an adenylyl group (adenosine 5'-monophosphate; AMP) to a protein amino acid.
18118 peptidyl-L-cysteine glutathione disulfide biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine P The modification of peptidyl-cysteine by covalent addition of glutathione to form peptidyl-L-cysteine glutathione disulfide.
18119 peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation P The covalent addition of a nitric oxide (NO) group to the sulphur (S) atom of a cysteine residue in a protein, to form peptidyl-S-nitrosyl-L-cysteine.
18120 peptidyl-arginine ADP-ribosylation P The transfer, from NAD, of ADP-ribose to peptidyl-arginine to form omega-N-(ADP-ribosyl)-L-arginine.
18121 NAD(P)-asparagine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + L-asparagine = nicotinamide + N2-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-asparagine.
18122 peptidyl-asparagine ADP-ribosylation P The transfer, from NAD, of ADP-ribose to peptidyl-asparagine to form peptidyl-N4-(ADP-ribosyl)-L-asparagine.
18123 peptidyl-cysteine ADP-ribosylation P The transfer, from NAD, of ADP-ribose to peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-(ADP-ribosyl)-L-cysteine.
18124 peptide cross-linking via 5'-(N6-L-lysine)-L-topaquinone P The cross-linking of the epsilon-amino group of a peptidyl-lysine with peptidyl-topaquinone, a modified tyrosine residue.
18125 peptidyl-cysteine methylation P The methylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-methyl-L-cysteine.
18126 protein hydroxylation P The addition of a hydroxy group to a protein amino acid.
18127 NAD(P)-serine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + L-serine = nicotinamide + N2-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-serine.
18129 peptidyl-oxazoline dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reduction of a peptide-linked oxazoline to oxazole.
18130 heterocycle biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings).
18131 oxazole or thiazole biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of oxazole or thiazole, five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen and a sulfur, respectively, in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position.
18132 peptide cross-linking via L-cysteine oxazolecarboxylic acid P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a peptidyl serine-peptidyl cysteine cross-link by the condensation of a serine hydroxyl with the carbonyl of the preceding residue and alpha-beta dehydrogenation.
18133 peptide cross-linking via L-cysteine oxazolinecarboxylic acid P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a peptidyl serine-peptidyl cysteine cross-link by the condensation of a serine hydroxyl with the carbonyl of the preceding residue.
18134 peptide cross-linking via glycine oxazolecarboxylic acid P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a peptidyl serine-peptidyl glycine cross-link by the condensation of a serine hydroxyl with the carbonyl of the preceding residue and alpha-beta dehydrogenation.
18136 peptidyl-thiazoline dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reduction of a peptide-linked thiazoline to thiazole.
18137 peptide cross-linking via glycine thiazolecarboxylic acid P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a peptidyl cysteine-peptidyl glycine cross-link by the condensation of a cysteine thiol with the carbonyl of the preceding residue and alpha-beta dehydrogenation.
18138 peptide cross-linking via L-serine thiazolecarboxylic acid P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a peptidyl cysteine-peptidyl serine cross-link by the condensation of a cysteine thiol with the carbonyl of the preceding residue and alpha-beta dehydrogenation.
18139 peptide cross-linking via L-phenylalanine thiazolecarboxylic acid P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a peptidyl cysteine-peptidyl phenylalanine cross-link by the condensation of a cysteine thiol with the carbonyl of the preceding residue and alpha-beta dehydrogenation.
18140 peptide cross-linking via L-cysteine thiazolecarboxylic acid P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a peptidyl cysteine-peptidyl cysteine cross-link by the condensation of a cysteine thiol with the carbonyl of the preceding residue and alpha-beta dehydrogenation.
18141 peptide cross-linking via L-lysine thiazolecarboxylic acid P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a peptidyl cysteine-peptidyl lysine cross-link by the condensation of a cysteine thiol with the carbonyl of the preceding residue and alpha-beta dehydrogenation.
18142 protein-DNA covalent cross-linking P The formation of a covalent cross-link between DNA and a protein.
18143 nucleic acid-protein covalent cross-linking P The formation of a covalent cross-link between a nucleic acid and a protein.
18144 RNA-protein covalent cross-linking P The formation of a covalent cross-link between RNA and a protein.
18145 protein-DNA covalent cross-linking via peptidyl-serine P The formation of a covalent cross-link between DNA and a peptidyl-serine residue by the formation of O-(phospho-5'-DNA)-L-serine.
18146 keratan sulfate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of keratan sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat units consisting of beta-1,4-linked D-galactopyranosyl-beta-(1,4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-sulfate and with variable amounts of fucose, sialic acid and mannose units; keratan sulfate chains are covalently linked by a glycosidic attachment through the trisaccharide galactosyl-galactosyl-xylose to peptidyl-threonine or serine residues.
18147 molybdenum incorporation via L-selenocysteinyl molybdenum bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide) P The incorporation of molybdenum into a protein via L-selenocysteinyl molybdenum bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide).
18148 RNA-protein covalent cross-linking via peptidyl-tyrosine P The formation of a covalent cross-link between RNA and a peptidyl-tyrosine residue by the formation of O4'-(phospho-5'-RNA)-L-tyrosine.
18149 peptide cross-linking P The formation of a covalent cross-link between or within protein chains.
18150 peptide cross-linking via 3-(3'-L-histidyl)-L-tyrosine P The modification of peptidyl-histidine and peptidyl-tyrosine to form a 3-(3'-L-histidyl)-L-tyrosine protein cross-link.
18151 peptide cross-linking via L-histidyl-L-tyrosine P The modification of peptidyl-histidine and peptidyl-tyrosine to form a protein cross-link.
18152 peptide cross-linking via 3'-(1'-L-histidyl)-L-tyrosine P The modification of peptidyl-histidine and peptidyl-tyrosine to form a 3'-(1'-L-histidyl)-L-tyrosine protein cross-link.
18153 isopeptide cross-linking via N6-(L-isoglutamyl)-L-lysine P The formation of an isopeptide cross-link between peptidyl-lysine and peptidyl-glutamine to produce N6-(L-isoglutamyl)-L-lysine.
18154 peptide cross-linking via (2R,6R)-lanthionine P The formation of a protein-protein cross-link between peptidyl-serine and peptidyl-cysteine by the synthesis of (2R,6R)-lanthionine (L-lanthionine).
18155 peptide cross-linking via sn-(2S,6R)-lanthionine P The formation of a protein-protein cross-link between peptidyl-serine and peptidyl-cysteine by the synthesis of sn-(2S,6R)-lanthionine (meso-lanthione).
18156 peptide cross-linking via (2S,3S,6R)-3-methyl-lanthionine P The formation of a protein-protein cross-link between peptidyl-threonine and peptidyl-cysteine by the synthesis of (2S,3S,6R)-3-methyl-lanthionine (3-methyl-L-lanthionine).
18157 peptide cross-linking via an oxazole or thiazole P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a peptidyl serine-peptidyl glycine, or peptidyl cysteine-peptidyl glycine cross-link by the condensation of the serine hydroxyl or cysteine thiol with the carbonyl of the preceding residue and alpha-beta dehydrogenation.
18158 protein oxidation P The modification of a protein amino acid by oxidation.
18159 peptidyl-methionine oxidation P The oxidation of peptidyl-L-methionine to peptidyl-L-methionine sulfone.
18160 peptidyl-pyrromethane cofactor linkage P The covalent binding of a pyrromethane (dipyrrin) cofactor to protein via the sulfur atom of cysteine forming dipyrrolylmethanemethyl-L-cysteine.
18161 dipyrrin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dipyrrins (pyrromethanes), compounds containing two pyrrole rings linked through a methine, -CH=, group.
18162 peptide cross-linking via S-(2-aminovinyl)-3-methyl-D-cysteine P The formation of a cross-link between peptidyl-cysteine and peptidyl-threonine via the formation of S-(2-aminovinyl)-3-methyl-D-cysteine.
18163 protein-DNA covalent cross-linking via the 5'-end to peptidyl-tyrosine P The formation of a covalent cross-link between DNA and a peptidyl-tyrosine residue by the formation of O4'-(phospho-5'-DNA)-L-tyrosine.
18164 protein-DNA covalent cross-linking via peptidyl-threonine P The formation of a covalent cross-link between DNA and a peptidyl-threonine residue by the formation of O-(phospho-5'-DNA)-L-threonine.
18165 peptidyl-tyrosine uridylylation P The uridylylation of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-O4'-(phospho-5'-uridine)-L-tyrosine, found in glutamine synthetase.
18166 C-terminal protein-tyrosinylation P The ATP-dependent addition of a tyrosine residue to the C-terminus of a protein; typically the addition of tyrosine to the C-terminus of detyrosinated alpha-tubulin by the enzyme tubulin-tyrosine ligase.
18167 protein-phycoerythrobilin linkage via phycoerythrobilin-bis-L-cysteine P The linkage of the chromophore phycoerythrobilin to phycoerythrin via phycoerythrobilin-bis-L-cysteine.
18168 protein-phycoerythrobilin linkage via S-phycoerythrobilin-L-cysteine P The linkage of the chromophore phycoerythrobilin to phycoerythrocyanin via S-phycoerythrobilin-L-cysteine.
18169 ribosomal S6-glutamic acid ligase activity F Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of one or more glutamic acid residues to the C-terminus of ribosomal protein S6.
18170 C-terminal peptidyl-polyglutamic acid amidation P The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-polyglutamic acid to form a peptidyl-N-L-glutamyl-poly-L-glutamic acid C-terminus.
18171 peptidyl-cysteine oxidation P The oxidation of peptidyl-cysteine to peptidyl-L-cysteine sulfinic acid or peptidyl-L-cysteine sulfenic acid.
18172 peptidyl-L-3',4',5'-trihydroxyphenylalanine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-tyrosine P The modification of protein tyrosine to peptidyl-L-3',4',5'-dihydroxyphenylalanine.
18173 peptidyl-1-thioglycine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-glycine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptidyl-1-thioglycine from other compounds, including peptidyl-glycine.
18174 protein-heme P460 linkage P The linkage of protein to heme P460.
18175 protein nucleotidylation P The addition of a nucleotide to a protein amino acid.
18177 protein uridylylation P The addition of phospho-uridine to a protein amino acid.
18178 peptidyl-threonine adenylylation P The adenylylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-threonine.
18180 protein desulfurization P The removal of a sulfur group from a protein amino acid.
18181 peptidyl-arginine C5-methylation P The methylation of peptidyl-arginine on the carbon 5 (C5) residue to form peptidyl-5-methyl-L-arginine.
18182 protein-heme linkage via 3'-L-histidine P The covalent linkage of heme and a protein via 3'-L-histidine (otherwise known as pi-heme-histidine, pros-heme-histidine).
18184 protein polyamination P The modification of a protein amino acid by polyamination.
18185 poly-N-methyl-propylamination P The modification of peptidyl-lysine by the addition of an N6-propylamino and of propylmethylamino units, forming N6-(propylamino-poly(propylmethylamino)-propyldimethylamine)-L-lysine, typical of the silicate binding protein silaffin.
18186 peroxidase-heme linkage P The covalent linkage of heme to peroxidase.
18187 molybdenum incorporation via L-cysteinyl molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide P The incorporation of molybdenum into a protein by L-cysteinyl molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide.
18188 peptidyl-proline di-hydroxylation P The modification of peptidyl-proline to form trans-2,3-cis-3,4-dihydroxy-L-proline.
18189 pyrroloquinoline quinone biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cofactor pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ); it is synthesized from a small peptide containing tyrosine and glutamic acid; these amino acids in the peptide are multiply cross-linked and the rest of the peptide is removed.
18190 protein octanoylation P The modification of a protein amino acid by formation of an ester or amide with octanoic acid.
18191 peptidyl-serine octanoylation P The octanoylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O3-octanoyl-L-serine, typical of the protein ghrelin.
18192 enzyme active site formation via cysteine modification to L-cysteine persulfide P The formation of an enzyme active site via modification of peptidyl-cysteine to peptidyl-L-cysteine persulfide.
18193 peptidyl-amino acid modification P The alteration of an amino acid residue in a peptide.
18194 peptidyl-alanine modification P The modification of peptidyl-alanine.
18195 peptidyl-arginine modification P The modification of peptidyl-arginine.
18196 peptidyl-asparagine modification P The modification of peptidyl-asparagine.
18197 peptidyl-aspartic acid modification P The modification of peptidyl-aspartic acid.
18198 peptidyl-cysteine modification P The modification of peptidyl-cysteine.
18199 peptidyl-glutamine modification P The modification of peptidyl-glutamine.
18200 peptidyl-glutamic acid modification P The modification of peptidyl-glutamic acid.
18201 peptidyl-glycine modification P The modification of peptidyl-glycine.
18202 peptidyl-histidine modification P The modification of peptidyl-histidine.
18203 peptidyl-isoleucine modification P The modification of peptidyl-isoleucine.
18204 peptidyl-leucine modification P The modification of peptidyl-leucine.
18205 peptidyl-lysine modification P The modification of peptidyl-lysine.
18206 peptidyl-methionine modification P The modification of peptidyl-methionine.
18207 peptidyl-phenylalanine modification P The modification of peptidyl-phenylalanine.
18208 peptidyl-proline modification P The modification of peptidyl-proline.
18209 peptidyl-serine modification P The modification of peptidyl-serine.
18210 peptidyl-threonine modification P The modification of peptidyl-threonine.
18211 peptidyl-tryptophan modification P The chemical alteration of a tryptophan residue in a peptide.
18212 peptidyl-tyrosine modification P The modification of peptidyl-tyrosine.
18213 peptidyl-valine modification P The modification of peptidyl-valine.
18214 protein carboxylation P The addition of a carboxy group to a protein amino acid.
18215 protein phosphopantetheinylation P The modification of a protein amino acid by phosphopantetheinylation.
18216 peptidyl-arginine methylation P The addition of a methyl group to an arginine residue in a protein.
18217 peptidyl-aspartic acid phosphorylation P The phosphorylation of peptidyl-aspartic acid.
18218 peptidyl-cysteine phosphorylation P The phosphorylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-phospho-L-cysteine.
18219 peptidyl-cysteine S-acetylation P The acetylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-acetyl-L-cysteine.
18220 peptidyl-threonine palmitoylation P The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to an oxygen (O) atom in a threonine residue to form peptidyl-O-palmitoyl-L-threonine.
18221 peptidyl-serine palmitoylation P The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to an oxygen (O) atom in a serine residue to form peptidyl-O-palmitoyl-L-serine.
18222 peptidyl-L-cysteine methyl disulfide biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine P The modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-L-cysteine methyl disulfide.
18226 peptidyl-S-farnesyl-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine P The modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-farnesyl-L-cysteine; formation of S-farnesycysteine may be coupled with subsequent cleavage of a carboxy-terminal tripeptide for the CXXX motif and methyl esterification of the farnesylated cysteine; the residue may be found at the first position in the sequence motif C-X-X-(SAQCMT)* where the second and third positions are usually aliphatic.
18227 peptidyl-S-12-hydroxyfarnesyl-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine P The modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form S-12-hydroxyfarnesyl-L-cysteine; formation of S-farnesycysteine may be coupled with subsequent cleavage of a carboxy-terminal tripeptide for the CXXX motif and methyl esterification of the farnesylated cysteine.
18228 peptidyl-S-geranylgeranyl-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine P The modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-geranylgeranylcysteine; formation of S-geranylgeranyl-L-cysteine may be coupled with subsequent cleavage of a carboxy-terminal tripeptide for the CAAX motif and methyl esterification of the geranylgeranylated cysteine; methyl esterification but not cleavage occurs for the CXC motif. For the type II geranylgeranyltransferase the residue may be found at the first and final positions in the sequence motif C-X-C* or at the final position in the sequence motif C-C*. These motifs are necessary but not sufficient for modification.
18229 peptidyl-L-cysteine methyl ester biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine P The modification of a C-terminal peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-L-cysteine methyl ester.
18230 peptidyl-L-cysteine S-palmitoylation P The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to a sulfur (S) atom within a cysteine residue to form peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine.
18231 peptidyl-S-diacylglycerol-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine P The modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-diacylglycerol-L-cysteine; the oleate and palmitate actually represent mixtures of saturated (generally at 3') and unsaturated (generally at 2') fatty acids.
18232 peptide cross-linking via S-(L-isoglutamyl)-L-cysteine P The modification of peptidyl-glutamine and peptidyl-cysteine to form a S-(L-isoglutamyl)-L-cysteine protein cross-link.
18233 peptide cross-linking via 2'-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-histidine P The modification of peptidyl-histidine and peptidyl-cysteine to form a 2'-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-histidine protein cross-link.
18234 peptide cross-linking via 3'-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-tyrosine P The thioether cross-linking of a cysteine residue to a tyrosine residue to form 3'-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-tyrosine, found in galactose oxidase.
18235 peptidyl-lysine carboxylation P The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-carboxy-L-lysine.
18237 urease activator activity F Increases the activity of urease by promoting the incorporation of nickel into the active site.
18238 peptidyl-lysine carboxyethylation P The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-1-carboxyethyl-L-lysine.
18240 protein S-linked glycosylation via cysteine P The glycosylation of protein via the sulfur atom of peptidyl-cysteine, forming S-glycosyl-L-cysteine.
18241 protein O-linked glycosylation via hydroxylysine P The glycosylation of protein via the O5 atom of peptidyl-hydroxylysine, forming O5-glycosyl-L-hydroxylysine; the most common form is galactosyl hydroxylysine.
18242 protein O-linked glycosylation via serine P The glycosylation of protein via the O3 atom of peptidyl-serine, forming O3-glycosyl-L-serine; the most common forms are N-acetylgalactosaminyl, mannosyl, galactosyl, and xylosyl serine.
18243 protein O-linked glycosylation via threonine P The glycosylation of protein via the O3 atom of peptidyl-threonine, forming O3-glycosyl-L-threonine; the most common forms are N-acetylgalactosaminyl, mannosyl, and galactosyl threonine.
18244 protein N-linked glycosylation via tryptophan P The glycosylation of protein via peptidyl-tryptophan, 1'-glycosyl-L-tryptophan; results in the formation of an (S)-2-amino-3-(1-D-mannopyranosyloxy-1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid residue.
18245 protein O-linked glycosylation via tyrosine P The glycosylation of protein via the O4' atom of peptidyl-tyrosine, O4'-glycosyl-L-tyrosine; the carbohydrate is glucose, the origin for glycogen.
18246 protein-coenzyme A linkage P The formation of a linkage between a protein amino acid and coenzyme A.
18247 protein-phosphoribosyl dephospho-coenzyme A linkage P The linkage of phosphoribosyl dephospho-coenzyme A to protein via peptidyl-serine, to form O-(phosphoribosyl dephospho-coenzyme A)-L-serine; it is uncertain whether the phosphoribosyl glycosidic attachment to the dephospho-coenzyme A is alpha or beta, and through the 2' or the 3' position.
18248 enzyme active site formation via peptidyl cysteine sulfation P The formation of an enzyme active site via transient sulfation of peptidyl-cysteine to form S-sulfo-L-cysteine.
18249 protein dehydration P The removal of a water group from a protein amino acid.
18250 peptidyl-dehydroalanine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-tyrosine or peptidyl-serine P The formation of peptidyl-dehydroalanine from either peptidyl-tyrosine by phenyl transfer, or from peptidyl-serine, which is coupled with the formation of 5-imidazolinone by the two neighboring residues, produces an 4-methylidene-imidazole-5-one active site of some amino acid ammonia-lyases; the 4-methylidene-imidazole-5-one, is formed autocatalytically by cyclization and dehydration of the sequence ASG.
18251 peptidyl-tyrosine dehydrogenation P The oxidation of the C alpha-C beta bond of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-dehydrotyrosine coupled with cyclization of neighboring residues.
18252 peptide cross-linking via L-seryl-5-imidazolinone glycine P The formation of the green fluorescent protein chromophore cross-link from the alpha-carboxyl carbon of residue n, a serine, to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+2, a glycine, and a dehydration to form a double bond to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+1. This cross-linking is coupled with a dehydrogenation of residue n+1 to form a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons.
18253 peptide cross-linking via 5-imidazolinone glycine P The formation of a protein active site cross-link from the alpha-carboxyl carbon of residue n, an alanine, serine or cysteine, to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+2, a glycine, and a dehydration to form a double bond to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+1. This cross-linking is coupled with an oxidation of residue n+1 to form an active aldehyde.
18254 peptidyl-tyrosine adenylylation P The adenylylation of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-O4'-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-tyrosine.
18255 peptide cross-linking via S-glycyl-L-cysteine P The formation of S-(peptidyl-glycyl)-peptidyl-cysteine cross-links by the formation of a thiolester between cysteine and the carboxy-terminal glycine of ubiquitin and other proteins.
18256 protein formylation P The addition of a formyl group to a protein amino acid.
18257 peptidyl-lysine formylation P The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-formyl-L-lysine.
18258 protein O-linked glycosylation via hydroxyproline P The glycosylation of proteins via 04 atom of hydroxyproline to form O4-glycosyl-L-hydroxyproline; the most common form is arabinofuranosyl-4-proline.
18259 RNA-protein covalent cross-linking via peptidyl-serine P The formation of a covalent cross-link between RNA and a peptidyl-serine residue by the formation of O-(phospho-5'-5NA)-L-serine.
18260 protein guanylylation P The addition of phospho-guanosine to a protein amino acid.
18261 peptidyl-lysine guanylylation P The guanylylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-(phospho-5'-guanosine)-L-lysine.
18262 isopeptide cross-linking P The formation of a covalent cross-link between or within peptide chains, where either the amino group or the carboxyl group, or both, are not attached to the alpha carbon.
18263 isopeptide cross-linking via N-(L-isoaspartyl)-L-cysteine P The formation of an isopeptide cross-link between peptidyl-asparagine and peptidyl-cysteine to produce N-(L-isoaspartyl)-L-cysteine.
18264 isopeptide cross-linking via N-(L-isoaspartyl)-glycine P The formation of an isopeptide cross-link between peptidyl-asparagine and peptidyl-glycine to produce N-(L-isoaspartyl)-glycine.
18265 GPI anchor biosynthetic process via N-asparaginyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-asparagine ethanolamide-linked glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor following hydrolysis of a asparaginyl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.
18266 GPI anchor biosynthetic process via N-aspartyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-aspartic acid ethanolamide-linked glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor following hydrolysis of a aspartyl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.
18267 GPI anchor biosynthetic process via N-cysteinyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-cysteine ethanolamide-linked glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor following hydrolysis of a cysteinyl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.
18268 GPI anchor biosynthetic process via N-glycyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-glycine ethanolamide-linked glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor following hydrolysis of a glycyl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.
18269 GPI anchor biosynthetic process via N-seryl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-serine ethanolamide-linked glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor following hydrolysis of a seryl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.
18270 GPI anchor biosynthetic process via N-alanyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-alanine ethanolamide-linked glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor following hydrolysis of an alanyl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.
18271 biotin-protein ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + protein = AMP + diphosphate + biotin-protein.
18272 protein-pyridoxal-5-phosphate linkage via peptidyl-N6-pyridoxal phosphate-L-lysine P The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form N6-pyridoxal phosphate-L-lysine.
18273 protein-chromophore linkage via peptidyl-N6-retinal-L-lysine P The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form N6-retinal-L-lysine.
18274 peptide cross-linking via L-lysinoalanine P The modification of peptidyl-lysine and peptidyl-serine to form a (2Xi,9S)-L-lysinoalanine cross-link.
18275 N-terminal peptidyl-cysteine acetylation P The acetylation of the N-terminal cysteine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-cysteine.
18276 isopeptide cross-linking via N6-glycyl-L-lysine P The formation of an isopeptide cross-link between peptidyl-lysine and peptidyl-glycine to produce N6-glycyl-L-lysine. This is distinct from the formation of the thiolester intermediate, which occurs during ubiquitination.
18277 protein deamination P The removal of an amino group from a protein amino acid.
18278 N-terminal peptidyl-threonine deamination P The deamination of N-terminal peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-2-oxobutanoic acid.
18279 protein N-linked glycosylation via asparagine P The glycosylation of protein via the N4 atom of peptidyl-asparagine forming N4-glycosyl-L-asparagine; the most common form is N-acetylglucosaminyl asparagine; N-acetylgalactosaminyl asparagine and N4 glucosyl asparagine also occur. This modification typically occurs in extracellular peptides with an N-X-(ST) motif. Partial modification has been observed to occur with cysteine, rather than serine or threonine, in the third position; secondary structure features are important, and proline in the second or fourth positions inhibits modification.
18280 protein S-linked glycosylation P A protein glycosylation process in which a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit is added to a protein via a sulfur atom of a peptidyl-amino-acid such as cysteine or methionine.
18281 GSI anchor biosynthetic process via N-seryl-glycosylsphingolipidinositolethanolamine P The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-serine ethanolamide-linked glycosylsphingolipidinositol (GSI) anchor following hydrolysis of a seryl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.
18282 metal incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster P The formation of a cluster of several metal atoms, including iron, nickel, molybdenum, vanadium, or copper, with one or more bridging (mu-bond) sulfur atoms; amino acids residues in proteins that may ligate the metal sulfur cluster are cysteine, histidine, aspartate, glutamate, serine and cysteine persulfide.
18283 iron incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster P The incorporation of iron into a metallo-sulfur cluster.
18284 iron incorporation into protein via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl iron P The incorporation of iron into a protein via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl iron (there is no exogenous sulfur, so this modification by itself does not produce an iron-sulfur protein).
18285 iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl diiron disulfide P The incorporation of iron into a 2Fe-2S iron-sulfur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl diiron disulfide.
18287 iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl triiron tetrasulfide P The incorporation of iron into a 3Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl triiron tetrasulfide.
18288 iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl tetrairon tetrasulfide P The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl tetrairon tetrasulfide.
18289 molybdenum incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster P The incorporation of molybdenum into a metallo-sulfur cluster.
18290 iron and molybdenum incorporation into iron-molybdenum-sulfur cluster via L-cysteinyl homocitryl molybdenum-heptairon-nonasulfide P The incorporation of iron and molybdenum into a Mo-7Fe-8S iron-molybdenum-sulfur cluster via L-cysteinyl homocitryl molybdenum-heptairon-nonasulfide, found in nitrogenase.
18291 molybdenum incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster P The incorporation of molybdenum into an iron-sulfur cluster.
18292 molybdenum incorporation via L-cysteinyl molybdopterin P The incorporation of molybdenum into a protein via L-cysteinyl molybdopterin.
18293 protein-FAD linkage P The formation of a linkage between a protein amino acid and flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD).
18294 protein-FAD linkage via S-(8alpha-FAD)-L-cysteine P The formation of a protein-FAD linkage via S-(8-alpha-FAD)-L-cysteine.
18295 protein-FAD linkage via 3'-(8alpha-FAD)-L-histidine P The formation of a protein-FAD linkage via 3'-(8-alpha-FAD)-L-histidine.
18296 protein-FAD linkage via O4'-(8alpha-FAD)-L-tyrosine P The formation of a protein-FAD linkage via O4'-(8-alpha-FAD)-L-tyrosine.
18297 protein-FAD linkage via 1'-(8alpha-FAD)-L-histidine P The formation of a protein-FAD linkage via 1'-(8-alpha-FAD)-L-histidine.
18298 protein-chromophore linkage P The covalent or noncovalent attachment of a chromophore to a protein.
18299 iron incorporation into the Rieske iron-sulfur cluster via bis-L-cysteinyl bis-L-histidino diiron disulfide P The incorporation of iron into a Rieske 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via bis-L-cysteinyl bis-L-histidino diiron disulfide.
18301 iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-cysteine persulfido-bis-L-glutamato-L-histidino tetrairon P The incorporation of iron into an iron-sulfur cluster by tris-L-cysteinyl-L-cysteine persulfido-bis-L-glutamato-L-histidino tetrairon.
18302 iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-N1'-histidino tetrairon tetrasulfide P The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-N1'-histidino tetrairon tetrasulfide.
18303 iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-N3'-histidino tetrairon tetrasulfide P The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-N3'-histidino tetrairon tetrasulfide.
18304 iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-aspartato tetrairon tetrasulfide P The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-aspartato tetrairon tetrasulfide.
18305 iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-serinyl tetrairon tetrasulfide P The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-serinyl tetrairon tetrasulfide.
18306 iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via bis-L-cysteinyl-L-N3'-histidino-L-serinyl tetrairon tetrasulfide P The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via bis-L-cysteinyl-L-N3'-histidino-L-serinyl tetrairon tetrasulfide.
18307 enzyme active site formation P The modification of part of an enzyme to form the active site.
18309 protein-FMN linkage P The formation of a linkage between a protein amino acid and flavin mononucleotide (FMN).
18310 protein-FMN linkage via S-(6-FMN)-L-cysteine P The formation of a protein-FMN linkage via S-(6-FMN)-L-cysteine.
18311 peptidyl-N4-hydroxymethyl-L-asparagine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-asparagine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of N4-hydroxymethyl-L-asparagine from other compounds, including peptidyl-asparagine.
18312 peptidyl-serine ADP-ribosylation P The transfer, from NAD, of ADP-ribose to peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-(ADP-ribosyl)-L-serine.
18313 peptide cross-linking via L-alanyl-5-imidazolinone glycine P The formation of a protein active site cross-link from the alpha-carboxyl carbon of residue N, an alanine, to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue N+2, a glycine, coupled with the formation of a double bond to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue N+1 which loses one hydrogen, and the loss of a molecule of water.
18315 molybdenum incorporation into molybdenum-molybdopterin complex P The incorporation of molybdenum into a molybdenum-molybdopterin complex.
18316 peptide cross-linking via L-cystine P The oxidation of two peptidyl-cysteine residues to form a peptidyl-L-cystine (dicysteine) in which segments of peptide chain are linked by a disulfide bond; the cross-link may be between different or the same peptide chain.
18317 protein C-linked glycosylation via tryptophan P The glycosylation of a carbon atom of a peptidyl-tryptophan residue.
18320 enzyme active site formation via S-methyl-L-cysteine P The transient methylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form S-methyl-L-cysteine.
18321 protein glucuronylation P The modification of a protein by amino acid glucuronylation, the addition of a glucuronate group, the uronic acid derived from glucose.
18322 protein tyrosinylation P The addition of a tyrosine molecule to a protein amino acid.
18323 enzyme active site formation via L-cysteine sulfinic acid P The oxidation of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-L-cysteine sulfinic acid.
18324 enzyme active site formation via L-cysteine sulfenic acid P The oxidation of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-L-cysteine sulfenic acid, found in the active site of NADH peroxidase, nitrile hydratase, and peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase.
18325 enzyme active site formation via S-phospho-L-cysteine P The transient phosphorylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form S-phospho-L-cysteine.
18326 enzyme active site formation via S-acetyl-L-cysteine P The transient acetylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form S-acetyl-L-cysteine.
18327 enzyme active site formation via 1'-phospho-L-histidine P The transient phosphorylation of peptidyl-histidine to form 1'-phospho-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-phosphohistidine, tele-phosphohistidine).
18328 enzyme active site formation via 3'-phospho-L-histidine P The transient phosphorylation of peptidyl-histidine to form 3'-phospho-L-histidine (otherwise known as pi-phosphohistidine, pros-phosphohistidine).
18329 enzyme active site formation via N6-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-lysine P The transient adenylylation of lysine to form N6-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-lysine, found in the active site of DNA ligase and RNA ligase.
18330 enzyme active site formation via N6-(phospho-5'-guanosine)-L-lysine P The transient guanylylation of lysine to form N6-(phospho-5'-guanosine)-L-lysine, found in the guanylyltransferase active site of mRNA capping enzyme.
18331 enzyme active site formation via O-phospho-L-serine P The transient phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine to form O-phospho-L-serine.
18332 enzyme active site formation via O-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-threonine P The transient adenylylation of threonine to form N6-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-threonine, found in the active site of bovine phosphodiesterase I.
18333 enzyme active site formation via O-phospho-L-threonine P The transient phosphorylation of peptidyl-threonine to form O-phospho-L-threonine.
18334 enzyme active site formation via O4'-phospho-L-tyrosine P The transient phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine to form O-phospho-L-tyrosine.
18335 protein succinylation P The modification of a protein by the addition of a succinyl group (CO-CH2-CH2-CO) to an amino acid residue.
18336 peptidyl-tyrosine hydroxylation P The hydroxylation of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-dihydroxyphenylalanine.
18339 peptidyl-L-beta-methylthioaspartic acid biosynthetic process from peptidyl-aspartic acid P The modification of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-L-beta-methylthioaspartic acid, typical of bacterial ribosomal protein S12.
18340 peptidyl-O-(sn-1-glycerophosphoryl)-L-serine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-serine P The modification of peptidyl-serine to peptidyl-O-(sn-1-glycerophosphoryl)-L-serine.
18341 peptidyl-lysine modification to peptidyl-N6-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-lysine P The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-lysine.
18342 protein prenylation P The covalent attachment of a prenyl group to a protein; geranyl, farnesyl, or geranylgeranyl groups may be added.
18343 protein farnesylation P The covalent attachment of a farnesyl group to a protein.
18344 protein geranylgeranylation P The covalent attachment of a geranylgeranyl group to a protein.
18345 protein palmitoylation P The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to a protein.
18350 protein esterification P The addition of an ester group to a protein amino acid.
18351 peptidyl-cysteine esterification P The addition of an ester group to a cysteine residue in a protein.
18352 protein-pyridoxal-5-phosphate linkage P The formation of a linkage between a protein amino acid and pyridoxal-5-phosphate.
18353 protein-phycocyanobilin linkage via S-phycocyanobilin-L-cysteine P The linkage of the chromophore phycocyanobilin to phycocyanin or allophycocyanin via S-phycocyanobilin-L-cysteine.
18355 protein-phosphoribosyl dephospho-coenzyme A linkage via O-(phosphoribosyl dephospho-coenzyme A)-L-serine P The formation of a protein-phosphoribosyl dephospho-coenzyme A linkage via O-(phosphoribosyl dephospho-coenzyme A)-L-serine.
18356 protein-phycobiliviolin linkage via S-phycobiliviolin-L-cysteine P The linkage of the chromophore phycobiliviolin to phycoerythrocyanin via S-phycobiliviolin-L-cysteine.
18357 protein-phycourobilin linkage via phycourobilin-bis-L-cysteine P The linkage of the chromophore phycourobilin to phycoerythrins via phycourobilin-bis-L-cysteine.
18358 protein-phytochromobilin linkage via S-phytochromobilin-L-cysteine P The linkage of the chromophore phytochromobilin to phycocyanin or allophycocyanin via S-phytochromobilin-L-cysteine.
18359 protein-heme P460 linkage via heme P460-bis-L-cysteine-L-tyrosine P The linkage of protein to heme P460 via heme P460-bis-L-cysteine-L-tyrosine.
18360 protein-heme P460 linkage via heme P460-bis-L-cysteine-L-lysine P The linkage of protein to heme P460 via heme P460-bis-L-cysteine-L-lysine.
18361 peptidyl-glutamine 2-methylation P The methylation of glutamine to form 2-methyl-L-glutamine.
18362 peroxidase-heme linkage via dihydroxyheme-L-aspartyl ester-L-glutamyl ester P The covalent linkage of heme to peroxidase via dihydroxyheme-L-aspartyl ester-L-glutamyl ester.
18363 peroxidase-heme linkage via dihydroxyheme-L-aspartyl ester-L-glutamyl ester-L-methionine sulfonium P The covalent linkage of heme to peroxidase via dihydroxyheme-L-aspartyl ester-L-glutamyl ester-L-methionine sulfonium.
18364 peptidyl-glutamine methylation P The addition of a methyl group to a glutamine residue in a protein.
18365 protein-serine epimerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (protein)-L-serine = (protein)-D-serine.
18366 chiral amino acid racemization P The formation of a mixture of the two possible enantiomers from the D- or L-enantiomer of a chiral amino acid.
18376 peptidyl-asparagine hydroxylation to form L-erythro-beta-hydroxyasparagine P The hydroxylation of peptidyl-asparagine to form peptidyl-L-erythro-beta-hydroxyasparagine; catalyzed by peptide-aspartate beta-dioxygenase (EC:1.14.11.16).
18377 protein myristoylation P The covalent attachment of a myristoyl group to a protein.
18378 cytochrome c-heme linkage via heme-L-cysteine P The linkage of cytochromes and other heme proteins to heme via heme-L-cysteine.
18379 cytochrome c-heme linkage via heme-bis-L-cysteine P The linkage of cytochromes and other heme proteins to heme via heme-bis-L-cysteine.
18386 N-terminal peptidyl-cysteine condensation with pyruvate to form N-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-cysteine P The condensation of pyruvate through the 2-oxo group with the N-terminal cysteine of proteins to form the derivative N-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-cysteine.
18387 N-terminal peptidyl-amino acid deamination to pyruvic acid P The oxidative deamination of N-terminal peptidyl-cysteine, or peptidyl-serine, to form pyruvic acid with an amide bond between its 1-carboxyl group and the N-terminal residue.
18388 N-terminal peptidyl-valine condensation with pyruvate to form N-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-valine P The condensation of pyruvate through the 2-oxo group with the N-terminal valine of proteins to form the derivative N-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-valine.
18389 N-terminal peptidyl-valine deamination P The deamination of the N-terminal valine residue of a protein to form isobutyrate.
18390 peptidyl-L-glutamic acid 5-methyl ester biosynthetic process from peptidyl-glutamic acid or peptidyl-glutamine P The methyl esterification of peptidyl-glutamic acid or peptidyl-glutamine to form the derivative glutamic acid 5-methyl ester.
18391 C-terminal peptidyl-glutamic acid tyrosinylation P The ATP-dependent addition of a tyrosine residue to a glutamic acid residue at the C-terminus of a protein.
18392 glycoprotein 3-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N(4)-{N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)]-beta-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl}-L-asparagine + GDP-L-fucose = N(4)-{N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)]-beta-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->3)]-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl}-L-asparagine + GDP + H(+).
18393 internal peptidyl-lysine acetylation P The addition of an acetyl group to a non-terminal lysine residue in a protein.
18394 peptidyl-lysine acetylation P The acetylation of peptidyl-lysine.
18395 peptidyl-lysine hydroxylation to 5-hydroxy-L-lysine P The hydroxylation of peptidyl-lysine to peptidyl-5-hydroxy-L-lysine.
18396 peptidyl-lysine hydroxylation to 4-hydroxy-L-lysine P The hydroxylation of peptidyl-lysine to peptidyl-4-hydroxy-L-lysine.
18397 peptidyl-phenylalanine bromination to L-2'-bromophenylalanine P The bromination of peptidyl-phenylalanine to form L-2'-bromophenylalanine.
18398 peptidyl-phenylalanine bromination to L-3'-bromophenylalanine P The bromination of peptidyl-phenylalanine to form L-3'-bromophenylalanine.
18399 peptidyl-phenylalanine bromination to L-4'-bromophenylalanine P The bromination of peptidyl-phenylalanine to form L-4'-bromophenylalanine.
18400 peptidyl-proline hydroxylation to 3-hydroxy-L-proline P The modification of peptidyl-proline to form 3-hydroxy-L-proline; catalyzed by procollagen-proline 3-dioxygenase.
18401 peptidyl-proline hydroxylation to 4-hydroxy-L-proline P The modification of peptidyl-proline to form 4-hydroxy-L-proline; catalyzed by procollagen-proline,2-oxoglutarate-4-dioxygenase.
18402 protein-chondroitin sulfate linkage via chondroitin sulfate D-glucuronyl-D-galactosyl-D-galactosyl-D-xylosyl-L-serine P Chondroitin sulfate components are covalently linked to a core glycoprotein via O-glycosidic linkages between xylose and serine residues.
18403 protein-dermatan sulfate linkage via dermatan 4-sulfate D-glucuronyl-D-galactosyl-D-galactosyl-D-xylosyl-L-serine P Dermatan sulfate components are covalently linked to a core glycoprotein via O-glycosidic linkages between xylose and serine residues.
18404 protein-heparan sulfate linkage via heparan sulfate D-glucuronyl-D-galactosyl-D-galactosyl-D-xylosyl-L-serine P Heparan sulfate components are covalently linked to a core glycoprotein via O-glycosidic linkages between xylose and serine residues.
18405 protein-keratan sulfate linkage via keratan sulfate D-glucuronyl-D-galactosyl-D-galactosyl-D-xylosyl-L-threonine P Keratan sulfate components are covalently linked to a core glycoprotein via O-glycosidic linkages between xylose and threonine residues.
18406 protein C-linked glycosylation via 2'-alpha-mannosyl-L-tryptophan P The glycosylation of a peptidyl-tryptophan residue by the transfer of alpha-mannopyranose from dolichyl-activated mannose to the indole ring.
18407 peptidyl-thyronine iodination to form 3',3'',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine P The iodination of peptidyl-thyronine to form peptidyl-3',3'',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine (triiodothyronine).
18408 peptidyl-thyronine iodination to form 3',3'',5',5''-tetraiodo-L-thyronine P The iodination of peptidyl-thyronine to form peptidyl-3',3'',5',5''-tetraiodo-L-thyronine (L-thyroxine).
18410 C-terminal protein amino acid modification P The alteration of the C-terminal amino acid residue in a protein.
18411 protein glucuronidation P The modification of a protein by amino acid glucuronidation.
18412 protein O-glucuronidation P The modification of a protein by glucuronidation on an amino acid oxygen atom.
18413 peptidyl-serine O-glucuronidation P The O-glucuronidation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O3-D-glucuronyl-L-serine.
18414 nickel incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster P The incorporation of nickel into a metallo-sulfur cluster.
18415 iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido bis-L-glutamato L-histidino nickel triiron disulfide trioxide P The incorporation of iron into a 3Fe-2S cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido bis-L-glutamato L-histidino nickel triiron disulfide trioxide.
18416 nickel incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido bis-L-glutamato L-histidino nickel triiron disulfide trioxide P The incorporation of nickel into a 3Fe-2S complex by tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido bis-L-glutamato L-histidino nickel triiron disulfide trioxide.
18417 iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido L-glutamato L-histidino L-serinyl nickel triiron disulfide trioxide P The incorporation of iron into a 3Fe-2S cluster by tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido L-glutamato L-histidino L-serinyl nickel triiron disulfide trioxide.
18418 nickel incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido L-glutamato L-histidino L-serinyl nickel triiron disulfide trioxide P The incorporation of nickel into a 3Fe-2S complex by tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido L-glutamato L-histidino L-serinyl nickel triiron disulfide trioxide.
18419 protein catenane formation P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a protein structure comprising two or more rings that are interlocked but not covalently joined; resembling the links of a chain.
18420 peptide cross-linking via N6-(L-isoaspartyl)-L-lysine P The formation of isopeptide bonds by ligation of peptidyl-lysine and peptidyl-asparagine residues.
18421 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:serine-protein N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate to a serine residue in a protein.
18422 GDP-mannose:serine-protein mannose-1-phosphotransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of mannose-1-phosphate to a serine residue in a protein.
18423 protein C-terminal leucine carboxyl O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + protein L-leucine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + protein L-leucine methyl ester. This modification occurs only at the oxygen atoms of the free alpha carboxyl group of a leucine residue at the C-terminus of the protein.
18424 peptidyl-glutamic acid poly-ADP-ribosylation P This modification produces peptidyl-glutamic acid poly-ADP-ribose found in a number of nuclear proteins under certain conditions including the repair of single strand DNA breaks. The activated form of the generating enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase is itself modified in this way.
18425 O3-(N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphoryl)-L-serine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of O3-(N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphoryl)-L-serine. The recovery of O-phosphorylserine from acid hydrolysates suggests N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate residues are esterified to peptidyl serines through phosphoester bonds.
18426 O3-(phosphoglycosyl-D-mannose-1-phosphoryl)-L-serine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of O3-(phosphoglycosyl-D-mannose-1-phosphoryl)-L-serine. The polypeptide backbones of glycoproteins and mucin-like proteoglycans are extensively modified with a complex array of phosphoglycan chains that are linked to Ser/Thr-rich domains via a common Man-alpha1-PO4-Ser linkage.
18427 copper incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster P The incorporation of copper into a metallo-sulfur cluster.
18428 copper incorporation into copper-sulfur cluster P The incorporation of copper into a copper-sulfur cluster.
18429 copper incorporation into copper-sulfur cluster via heptakis-L-histidino tetracopper mu4-sulfide hydroxide P The incorporation of copper into a 4Cu-S copper-sulfur cluster via heptakis-L-histidino tetracopper mu4-sulfide hydroxide.
18439 peptidyl-L-leucine methyl ester biosynthetic process from peptidyl-leucine P The modification of a C-terminal peptidyl-leucine to form peptidyl-L-leucine methyl ester.
18441 iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via hexakis-L-cysteinyl L-serinyl octairon heptasulfide P The incorporation of iron into a 8Fe-7S iron-sulfur cluster via hexakis-L-cysteinyl L-serinyl octairon heptasulfide, found in nitrogenase.
18442 peptidyl-glutamic acid esterification P The addition of an ester group to a glutamic acid residue in a protein.
18443 enzyme active site formation via L-aspartic 4-phosphoric anhydride P The transient phosphorylation of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form L-aspartic 4-phosphoric anhydride.
18444 translation release factor complex C A heterodimeric complex involved in the release of a nascent polypeptide chain from a ribosome.
18445 prothoracicotrophic hormone activity F The action characteristic of prothoracicotrophic hormone, a peptide hormone that is secreted by the brain and, upon receptor binding, acts on the prothoracic gland to stimulate the release of ecdysone in insects.
18446 pinocarveol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: pinocarveol = pinocarvone + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
18447 chloral hydrate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reactions: chloral hydrate = 3 H+ + 2 e- + trichloroacetate, and chloral hydrate + H2 = H2O + trichloroethanol.
18448 hydroxymethylmethylsilanediol oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: hydroxymethylmethylsilanediol + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = formylmethylsilanediol + 2 H2O.
18449 1-phenylethanol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-1-phenylethanol = acetophenone + H2.
18450 myrtenol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: myrtenol + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 2 H2O + myrtenal.
18451 epoxide dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ethene oxide + NAD+ + CoA-SH = NADH + H+ + acetyl-CoA.
18452 5-exo-hydroxycamphor dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-exo-hydroxycamphor + NAD+ = NADH + H+ + 2,5-diketocamphane.
18453 2-hydroxytetrahydrofuran dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxytetrahydrofuran = 2 H+ + 2 e- + butyrolactone.
18454 acetoacetyl-CoA reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA + NADP+ = 3-oxoacyl-CoA + NADPH + H+.
18455 alcohol dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an alcohol + NAD(P)+ = an aldehyde + NAD(P)H + H+.
18456 aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an aromatic alcohol + NAD+ = an aromatic aldehyde + NADH + H+.
18457 perillyl-alcohol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(+) + perillyl alcohol = H(+) + NADH + perillyl aldehyde.
18458 isopiperitenol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (1S,6R)-isopiperitenol + NAD(+) = (6R)-isoperitenone + H(+) + NADH.
18459 carveol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (1S,5R)-carveol + NADP(+) = (R)-carvone + H(+) + NADPH.
18460 cyclohexanol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cyclohexanol + NAD+ = cyclohexanone + NADH + H+.
18461 fluoren-9-ol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: fluoren-9-ol + 2 NADP+ = fluoren-9-one + 2 NADPH + 2 H+.
18462 4-(hydroxymethyl)benzenesulfonate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(hydroxymethyl)benzenesulfonate + NAD(+) = 4-formylbenzenesulfonate + H(+) + NADH.
18463 6-hydroxyhexanoate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxyhexanoate + NAD(+) = 6-oxohexanoate + H(+) + NADH.
18464 3-hydroxypimeloyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypimelyl-CoA + NAD(+) = 3-oxopimelyl-CoA + H(+) + NADH.
18465 vanillyl-alcohol oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: O(2) + vanillyl alcohol = H(2)O(2) + vanillin.
18466 limonene-1,2-diol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (1S,2S,4R)-limonene-1,2-diol + DCPIP+ = DCPIPH + H+ + (1S,4R)-1-hydroxy-2-oxolimonene.
18467 formaldehyde dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: formaldehyde + H(2)O + NAD(+) = formate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
18468 alcohol dehydrogenase (acceptor) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a primary alcohol + acceptor = an aldehyde + reduced acceptor.
18469 myrtenal dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: myrtenal + H2O = 2 H+ + 2 e- + myrtenic acid.
18470 4-hydroxybutaraldehyde dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde + H2O = 2 H+ + 2 e- + 4-hydroxybutanoate.
18471 4-chlorobenzaldehyde oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-chlorobenzaldehyde + 2 H2O = 4-chlorobenzoate + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
18472 1-hydroxy-2-naphthaldehyde dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydroxy-2-naphthaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = NADH + H+ + 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate.
18473 cis-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienal dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cis-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienal + NAD+ + H2O = NADH + H+ + cis-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoic acid.
18474 2-carboxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-carboxybenzaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = NADH + 2 H+ + phthalate.
18475 trans-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienal dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: trans-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienal + NAD+ + H2O = NADH + H+ + trans-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoic acid.
18477 benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: benzaldehyde + NADP+ + H2O = benzoate + NADPH + H+.
18478 malonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (acetylating) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxopropanoate + CoA + NADP+ = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NADPH + H+.
18479 benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: benzaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = benzoate + NADH + H+.
18480 5-carboxymethyl-2-hydroxymuconic-semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-carboxymethyl-2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde + H2O + NAD+ = 5-carboxymethyl-2-hydroxymuconate + NADH + H+.
18481 4-hydroxymuconic-semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cis,trans-4-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde + H(2)O + NAD(+) = 2 H(+) + maleylacetate + NADH.
18482 4-formylbenzenesulfonate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-formylbenzenesulfonate + H(2)O + NAD(+) = 4-sulfobenzoate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
18483 6-oxohexanoate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 6-oxohexanoate + NADP+ + H2O = adipate + NADPH + H+.
18484 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = 4-hydroxybenzoate + NADH + H+.
18485 salicylaldehyde dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: salicylaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = salicylate + NADH + H+.
18486 2-butanone oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: methyl ethyl ketone + O2 = H2O + ethyl acetate.
18487 vanillate O-demethylase (anaerobic) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: vanillate + Co+ = Co3+-CH3 + 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate.
18488 aryl-aldehyde oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an aromatic aldehyde + O2 + H2O = an aromatic acid + hydrogen peroxide.
18489 vanillate monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(+) + NADH + O(2) + vanillate = 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + formaldehyde + H(2)O + NAD(+).
18490 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 (4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + O(2) = 2 (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate + 2 CO(2).
18491 2-oxobutyrate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxobutanoate + CoA + oxidized ferredoxin = propanoyl-CoA + CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.
18492 carbon-monoxide dehydrogenase (acceptor) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: CO + H2O + acceptor = CO2 + reduced acceptor.
18493 formylmethanofuran dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-formylmethanofuran + A + H(2)O + H(+) = AH(2) + CO(2) + methanofuran.
18494 carvone reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: carvone + 2 H+ + 2 e- = dihydrocarvone.
18495 2-hydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA = 2 H+ + 2 e- + 2-ketocyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA.
18496 2,6-dihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,6-dihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA = 2 H+ + 2 e- + 6-oxo-2-hydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA.
18497 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane. 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene is also known as DDMU; 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane is also known as DDMS.
18498 2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydro-phenylpropionate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cis-3-(3-carboxyethyl)-3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol + NAD+ = NADH + H+ + 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propionate.
18499 cis-2,3-dihydrodiol DDT dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cis-2,3-dihydrodiol DDT + NADP+ = NADPH + 2,3-dihydroxy DDT.
18500 trans-9R,10R-dihydrodiolphenanthrene dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: trans-9R,10R-dihydrodiolphenanthrene + NAD+ = NADH + H+ + 9,10-dihydroxyphenanthrene.
18501 cis-chlorobenzene dihydrodiol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the conversion of a di- or tetrachlorinated dienol to the corresponding catechol.
18502 2,5-dichloro-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-diol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-dichloro-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-diol + NAD+ = NADH + H+ + 2,5-dichlorohydroquinone.
18503 trans-1,2-dihydrodiolphenanthrene dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: trans-1,2-dihydrodiolphenanthrene + NAD+ = H+ + NADH + 1,2-dihydroxyphenanthrene.
18504 cis-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cis-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol + NAD+ = catechol + NADH + H+.
18505 cis-1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cis-1,2-dihydronaphthalene-1,2-diol + NAD+ = naphthalene-1,2-diol + NADH + H+.
18506 maleylacetate reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxoadipate + NAD(P)+ = 2-maleylacetate + NAD(P)H + H+.
18507 cis-3,4-dihydrophenanthrene-3,4-diol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (3S,4R)-3,4-dihydrophenanthrene-3,4-diol + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + phenanthrene-3,4-diol.
18508 cis-1,2-dihydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene-1-carboxylate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cis-1,2-dihydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene-1-carboxylate + NAD+ = catechol + CO2 + NADH + H+.
18509 cis-2,3-dihydrobiphenyl-2,3-diol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cis-3-phenylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol + NAD+ = biphenyl-2,3-diol + NADH + H+.
18510 phloroglucinol reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dihydrophloroglucinol + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + phloroglucinol.
18511 2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydro-p-cumate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cis-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydro-p-cumate + NAD(+) = 2,3-dihydroxy-p-cumate + H(+) + NADH.
18513 dibenzothiophene dihydrodiol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydrodibenzothiophene + NAD(+) = 1,2-dihydroxydibenzothiophene + H(+) + NADH.
18515 pimeloyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(+) + pimelyl-CoA = 2,3-didehydropimeloyl-CoA + H(+) + NADH.
18516 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl-CoA reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA + chloride + NADP(+) = 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl-CoA + NADPH.
18517 phthalate 4,5-cis-dihydrodiol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cis-4,5-dihydroxycyclohexa-2,6-diene-1,2-dicarboxylate + NAD(+) = 4,5-dihydroxyphthalate + H(+) + NADH.
18518 5,6-dihydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydroquinoline dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5,6-dihydroxy-3-methyl-5,6-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one + NAD(+) = 5,6-dihydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline + H(+) + NADH.
18519 cis-dihydroethylcatechol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cis-1,2-dihydro-3-ethylcatechol + NAD(+) = 3-ethylcatechol + H(+) + NADH.
18520 cis-1,2-dihydroxy-4-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1-carboxylate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cis-1,2-dihydroxy-4-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1-carboxylate + NADP+ = 4-methylcatechol + NADPH + H+ + CO2.
18521 1,2-dihydroxy-6-methylcyclohexa-3,5-dienecarboxylate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,6-dihydroxy-2-methylcyclohexa-2,4-dienecarboxylate + NAD(+) = 3-methylcatechol + CO(2) + NADH.
18522 benzoyl-CoA reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 ADP + cyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA + oxidized ferredoxin + 2 phosphate = 2 ATP + 2 H(2)O + benzoyl-CoA + reduced ferredoxin.
18523 quinoline 2-oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: quinoline + acceptor + H2O = isoquinolin-1(2H)-one + reduced acceptor.
18524 acetophenone carboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetophenone + CO2 = H+ + benzoyl acetate.
18525 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: benzoyl-CoA + oxidized ferredoxin + H2O = 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA + reduced ferredoxin.
18526 2-aminobenzoyl-CoA reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-aminobenzoyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e- = NH3 + benzoyl-CoA.
18527 cyclohexylamine oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cyclohexylamine + O2 + H2O = cyclohexanone + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide.
18528 iminodiacetate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: iminodiacetate + OH- = H+ + 2 e- + glyoxylate + glycine.
18529 nitrilotriacetate monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: nitrilotriacetate + NADH + H+ + O2 = NAD+ + H2O + glyoxylate + iminodiacetate.
18530 (R)-6-hydroxynicotine oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-6-hydroxynicotine + H(2)O + O(2) = 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine + H(2)O(2).
18531 (S)-6-hydroxynicotine oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-6-hydroxynicotine + H(2)O + O(2) = 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine + H(2)O(2).
18532 5,10-methenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N5,N10-methenyltetrahydromethanopterin + H2 = N5,N10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin.
18533 peptidyl-cysteine acetylation P The acetylation of peptidyl-cysteine.
18534 nitrilotriacetate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: nitrilotriacetate + OH- = H+ + 2 e- + glyoxylate + iminodiacetate.
18535 nicotine dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: nicotine + acceptor + H2O = (S)-6-hydroxynicotine + reduced acceptor.
18537 coenzyme F420-dependent N5,N10-methenyltetrahydromethanopterin reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methyltetrahydromethanopterin + coenzyme F420 + H(+) = 5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin + reduced coenzyme F420.
18538 epoxide carboxylase activity F Catalysis of the generic reaction: epoxide + CO2 + NAD+ + electron donor = beta-keto acid + NADH + reduced electron donor; the electron donor may be NADPH or a dithiol. This reaction is the ring opening and carboxylation of an epoxide; for example: epoxypropane + CO2 + NAD+ + NADPH = acetoacetate + NADH + NADP+.
18541 p-benzoquinone reductase (NADPH) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,4-benzoquinone + H(+) + NADPH = hydroquinone + NADP(+).
18542 2,3-dihydroxy DDT 1,2-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxy DDT + O2 = 6-oxo-2-hydroxy-7-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,8,8,8-tetrachloroocta-2E,4E-dienoate.
18543 4-amino-2-nitroso-6-nitrotoluene reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-amino-2-hydroxylamino-6-nitrotoluene + NADP+ = NADPH + H+ + 4-amino-2-nitroso-6-nitrotoluene.
18544 4-carboxy-4'-sulfoazobenzene reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-carboxy-4'-sulfoazobenzene + 4 H+ + 4 e- = 4-aminobenzoate + 4-aminobenzenesulfonate.
18545 NAD(P)H nitroreductase activity F Catalysis of the conversion of a nitrate group to an amino or hydroxylamino group on toluene or a toluene derivative.
18546 nitrobenzene nitroreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: nitrobenzene + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ = hydroxyaminobenzene + 2 NADP+ + H2O.
18547 nitroglycerin reductase activity F Catalysis of the removal of one or more nitrite (NO2-) groups from nitroglycerin or a derivative.
18548 pentaerythritol trinitrate reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: pentaerythritol trinitrate + NADPH = NADP+ + nitrate + pentaerythritol dinitrate.
18549 methanethiol oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: methanethiol + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + hydrogen sulfide + hydrogen peroxide.
18550 tetrachloro-p-hydroquinone reductive dehalogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorohydroquinone + 2 glutathione = 2,3,6-trichlorohydroquinone + glutathione disulfide + HCl.
18551 hydrogensulfite reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: trithionate + acceptor + 2 H2O + OH- = 3 HSO3- + reduced acceptor.
18553 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propionate 1,2-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propionate + O2 = 2-hydroxy-6-keto-nona-2,4-dienedioate.
18554 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene + O2 = 2-hydroxychromene-2-carboxylate. C6 of the substrate molecular may have an NH2 group attached.
18555 phenanthrene dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrene + NADH + H+ + O2 = NAD+ + cis-3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydrophenanthrene.
18556 2,2',3-trihydroxybiphenyl dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxybenzenoid + O2 = H+ + distal extradiol ring cleavage. Substrates are 2,2',3-trihydroxybiphenyl (forms 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-hexa-2,4-dienoate) and 2,2',3-trihydroxydiphenylether (forms 2,3-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-hexa-2,4-dienoate).
18557 1,2-dihydroxyfluorene 1,1-alpha-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxyfluorene + O2 = 2-hydroxy-4-(2-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-inden-1-ylidene) but-2-enoic acid.
18558 5,6-dihydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5,6-dihydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline + O2 = 3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-(3-carboxy-3-oxopropenyl)-1H-2-pyridon.
18559 1,1-dichloro-2-(dihydroxy-4-chlorophenyl)-(4-chlorophenyl)ethene 1,2-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,1-dichloro-2-(dihydroxy-4'-chorophenyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethene + O2 = 6-oxo-2-hydroxy-7-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,8,8-trichloroocta-2E,4E,7-trienoate.
18560 protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase type II activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-sulfocatechol + O2 = 3-sulfomuconate.
18561 2'-aminobiphenyl-2,3-diol 1,2-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-aminobiphenyl-2,3-diol + O2 = H+ + 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-(2'-aminophenyl)-hexa-2,4-dienoate.
18562 3,4-dihydroxyfluorene 4,4-alpha-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxyfluorene + O2 = 2-hydroxy-4-(1-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-inden-2-ylidene) but-2-enoic acid.
18563 2,3-dihydroxy-ethylbenzene 1,2-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxyethylbenzene + O2 = H+ + 2-hydroxy-6-oxoocta-2,4-dienoate.
18564 carbazole 1,9a-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: carbazole + NADH + O2 + H+ = NAD+ + 2'-aminobiphenyl-2,3-diol.
18565 dihydroxydibenzothiophene dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxydibenzothiophene + O2 = cis-4-(2-(3-hydroxy)-thionaphthenyl)-2-oxo-3-butenoate.
18566 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene-6-sulfonate 1,8a-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene-6-sulfonate + O2 = H+ + (Z)-4-(2-hydroxy-5-sulfonatophenyl)-2-oxo-3-butenoate.
18567 styrene dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: styrene + O2 + NADH + H+ = NAD+ + styrene cis-glycol.
18568 3,4-dihydroxyphenanthrene dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxyphenanthrene + O2 = H+ + 2-hydroxy-2 H-benzo[h]chromene-2-carboxylate.
18569 hydroquinone 1,2-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: hydroquinone + O2 = cis,trans-4-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde.
18570 p-cumate 2,3-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: p-cumate + NADH + H+ + O2 = NAD+ + cis-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydro-p-cumate.
18571 2,3-dihydroxy-p-cumate dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxy-p-cumate + O2 = 2-hydroxy-3-carboxy-6-oxo-7-methylocta-2,4-dienoate.
18572 3,5-dichlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3,5-dichlorocatechol + O2 = 2 H+ + 2,4-dichloro-cis,cis-muconate.
18573 2-aminophenol 1,6-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-aminophenol + O2 = 2-aminomuconic semialdehyde.
18574 2,6-dichloro-p-hydroquinone 1,2-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,6-dichlorohydroquinone + O2 + H2O = HCl + 2 H+ + 2-chloromaleylacetate.
18575 chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3,6-dichlorocatechol + O2 = 2 H+ + 2,5-dichloro-cis,cis-muconate.
18576 catechol 1,2-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: catechol + O2 = cis,cis-muconate.
18577 catechol 2,3-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: catechol + O2 = 2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde.
18578 protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + O2 = 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate.
18579 protocatechuate 4,5-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: protocatechuate + O2 = 4-carboxy-2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde.
18580 nitronate monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ethylnitronate + O(2) = acetaldehyde + nitrite.
18581 hydroxyquinol 1,2-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: benzene-1,2,4-triol + O2 = 3-hydroxy-cis,cis-muconate.
18582 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate 1,2-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate + O2 = (3E)-4-(2-carboxyphenyl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate.
18583 biphenyl-2,3-diol 1,2-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: biphenyl-2,3-diol + O2 = 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoate + H2O.
18584 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid oxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid + 1/2 O2 = glyoxylate + 2,4,5-trichlorophenol.
18585 fluorene oxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: fluorene + 2 H+ + 2 e- + O2 = H2O + 9-fluorenol.
18586 mono-butyltin dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: butyltin + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = H2O + beta-hydroxybutyltin.
18588 tri-n-butyltin dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: tri-n-butyltin + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = H2O + beta-hydroxybutyldibutyltin.
18589 di-n-butyltin dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dibutyltin + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = H2O + beta-hydroxybutylbutyltin.
18590 methylsilanetriol hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: methylsilanetriol + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = H2O + hydroxymethylsilanetriol.
18591 methyl tertiary butyl ether 3-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: methyl tert-butyl ether + 1/2 O2 = tert-butyl alcohol + formaldehyde.
18592 4-nitrocatechol 4-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-nitrocatechol + O2 + 4 e- + 3 H+ = H2O + nitrite + 1,2,4-benzenetriol.
18593 4-chlorophenoxyacetate monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-chlorophenoxyacetate + 1/2 O2 = glyoxylate + 4-chlorophenol.
18594 tert-butanol 2-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: tert-butanol + 1/2 O2 = 2-methyl-2-hydroxy-1-propanol.
18595 alpha-pinene monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-pinene + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = H2O + pinocarveol.
18596 dimethylsilanediol hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylsilanediol + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = H2O + hydroxymethylmethylsilanediol.
18597 ammonia monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the oxidation of alkanes (up to C8) to alcohols and alkenes (up to C5) to epoxides and alcohols in the presence of ammonium ions.
18598 hydroxymethylsilanetriol oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: hydroxymethylsilanetriol + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 2 H2O + formylsilanetriol.
18599 2-hydroxyisobutyrate 3-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxyisobutyrate + 1/2 O2 = 2,3-dihydroxy-2-methyl propionate.
18600 alpha-pinene dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-pinene + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = H2O + myrtenol.
18601 4-nitrophenol 2-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-nitrophenol + H(+) + NADH + O(2) = 4-nitrocatechol + H(2)O + NAD(+).
18602 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate + 2-oxoglutarate + oxygen = 2,4-dichlorophenol + glyoxylate + succinate + CO2.
18603 nitrobenzene 1,2-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: nitrobenzene + NADH + O2 = NAD+ + nitrite + catechol.
18604 4-aminobenzoate 3,4-dioxygenase (deaminating) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobenzoate + 2 H+ + O2 + 2 e- = NH3 + 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate.
18606 benzenesulfonate dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: toluene-4-sulfonate + NADH + O2 + H+ = NAD+ + HSO3(-) + 4-methylcatechol.
18607 1-indanone monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-indanone + NADPH + 1/2 O2 = NADP+ + 3,4-dihydrocoumarin.
18608 1-indanone dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-indanone + NADPH + 1/2 O2 = NADP+ + 3-hydroxy-1-indanone.
18609 chlorobenzene dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-unsubstituted benzenoid + O2 + NAD(P)H + H+ = 2,3-cis-dihydroxydihydrobenzenoid + NAD(P)+. Substrates include 1,4-dichlorobenzene (forms 3,6-dichloro-cis-1,2-dihydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene), 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene (forms cis-chlorobenzene dihydrodiol) and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (forms 3,4,6-trichloro-cis-1,2-dihydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene).
18610 dibenzofuran 4,4a-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dibenzofuran + NADH + H+ + O2 = 2,2',3-trihydroxybiphenyl + NAD+.
18611 toluate dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: methylbenzoate + NADH + O2 + H+ = NAD+ + 1,2-dihydroxymethylcyclohexa-3,5-dienecarboxylate.
18612 dibenzothiophene dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dibenzothiophene + NADH + O2 + H+ = NAD+ + cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydrodibenzothiophene.
18613 9-fluorenone dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 9-fluorenone + 2 NADPH + O2 = 2 NADP+ + 3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-9-fluorenone.
18614 ethylbenzene dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ethylbenzene + O2 + NADH + H+ = NAD+ + cis-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydroethylbenzene.
18615 2-indanone monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-indanone + NADPH + 1/2 O2 = NADP+ + 3-isochromanone.
18616 trihydroxytoluene dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3,5-trihydroxytoluene + O2 = 2,4,6-trioxoheptanoate.
18617 4-aminobenzenesulfonate 3,4-dioxygenase (deaminating) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobenzenesulfonate + 2 H+ + O2 + 2 e- = NH3 + 4-sulfocatechol.
18618 anthranilate 1,2-dioxygenase (deaminating, decarboxylating) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: anthranilate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = catechol + CO2 + NADP+ + NH3.
18619 benzene 1,2-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: benzene + H(+) + NADH + O(2) = cis-cyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol + NAD(+).
18620 phthalate 4,5-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(+) + NADH + O(2) + phthalate = cis-4,5-dihydroxycyclohexa-2,6-diene-1,2-dicarboxylate + NAD(+).
18621 4-sulfobenzoate 3,4-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-sulfobenzoate + H(+) + NADH + O(2) = 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + NAD(+) + sulfite.
18622 4-chlorophenylacetate 3,4-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-chlorophenylacetate + NADH + O(2) = 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate + chloride + NAD(+).
18623 benzoate 1,2-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: benzoate + NADH + H+ + O2 = catechol + CO2 + NAD+.
18624 toluene dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(+) + NADH + O(2) + toluene = (1S,2R)-3-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol + NAD(+).
18625 naphthalene 1,2-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: naphthalene + NADH + H+ + O2 = (1R,2S)-1,2-dihydronaphthalene-1,2-diol + NAD+.
18626 2-chlorobenzoate 1,2-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-chlorobenzoate + NADH + H+ + O2 = catechol + chloride + NAD+ + CO2.
18627 2-aminobenzenesulfonate 2,3-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-aminobenzenesulfonate + 2 H(+) + NADH + O(2) = 2,3-dihydroxybenzenesulfonate + NAD(+) + NH(4)(+). 2,3-dihydroxybenzenesulfonate is also known as 3-sulfocatechol.
18628 terephthalate 1,2-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(+) + NADH + O(2) + terephthalate = (3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,5-diene-1,4-dicarboxylate + NAD(+).
18629 2-hydroxyquinoline 5,6-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: quinolin-2-ol + NADH + H+ + O2 = 2,5,6-trihydroxy-5,6-dihydroquinoline + NAD+.
18630 3,5-xylenol methylhydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxytoluene + NADH + O2 = NAD+ + OH- + 3-hydroxybenzyl alcohol.
18631 phenylacetate hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phenylacetate + NADH + O2 = NAD+ + OH- + 2-hydroxyphenylacetate.
18632 4-nitrophenol 4-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: p-nitrophenol + O2 + NADPH = H2O + NADP+ + nitrite + p-benzoquinone.
18633 dimethyl sulfide monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dimethyl sulfide + NADH + O2 = NAD+ + OH- + methanethiol + formaldehyde.
18634 alpha-pinene monooxygenase [NADH] activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-pinene + NADH + H+ + O2 = NAD+ + H2O + alpha-pinene oxide.
18635 (R)-limonene 1,2-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (4R)-limonene + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = NAD(P)+ + H2O + (4R)-limonene-1,2-epoxide.
18636 phenanthrene 9,10-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrene + O2 + NADH + H+ = H2O + NAD+ + phenanthrene-9,10-oxide.
18637 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate + O2 + NADPH + 2 H+ = NADP+ + H2O + CO2 + 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene.
18638 toluene 4-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: toluene + 1/2 O2 = 4-hydroxytoluene.
18639 xylene monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reactions: toluene + 1/2 O2 = benzyl alcohol, and xylene + 1/2 O2 = methylbenzyl alcohol.
18640 dibenzothiophene monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dibenzothiophene + NADH + H+ + O2 = dibenzothiophene-5-oxide + NAD+ + H2O.
18641 6-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline 6-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = H2O + 5,6-dihydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline.
18642 chlorophenol 4-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the addition or substitution of an OH group on C4 of a halogenated phenol.
18643 carbon disulfide oxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: carbon disulfide + NADH + H+ + O2 = [S] + H2O + NAD+ + carbonyl sulfide.
18644 toluene 2-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: toluene + 1/2 O2 = 2-hydroxytoluene.
18645 alkene monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: propene + NADH + H+ + O2 = 1,2-epoxypropane + NAD+ + H2O.
18646 1-hydroxy-2-oxolimonene 1,2-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (1S,4R)-1-hydroxy-2-oxolimonene + NADPH + O2 = NADP+ + OH- + (3R)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoate.
18647 phenanthrene 1,2-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrene + O2 + NADH + H+ = H2O + NAD+ + phenanthrene-1,2-oxide.
18648 methanesulfonate monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: methanesulfonate + NADH + H+ + O2 = formaldehyde + NAD+ + sulfite + H2O.
18649 tetrahydrofuran hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: tetrahydrofuran + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = H2O + 2-hydroxytetrahydrofuran.
18650 styrene monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: styrene + NADPH + FADH + O2 = NADP+ + FAD+ + H2O + styrene oxide.
18651 toluene-4-sulfonate monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: toluene-4-sulfonate + 1/2 O2 + H+ = HSO3(-) + 4-hydroxytoluene.
18652 toluene-sulfonate methyl-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: toluene-4-sulfonate + NADH + O2 = NAD+ + OH- + 4-sulfobenzyl alcohol.
18653 3-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline 6-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = H2O + 6-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline.
18654 2-hydroxy-phenylacetate hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxyphenylacetate + NADH + O2 = NAD+ + OH- + homogentisate.
18655 2-oxo-delta3-4,5,5-trimethylcyclopentenylacetyl-CoA 1,2-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxo-delta3-4,5,5-trimethylcyclopentenylacetyl-CoA + NADH + H+ + O2 = NAD+ + H2O + delta2,5-3,4,4-trimethylpimelyl-CoA.
18656 phenanthrene 3,4-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrene + O2 + NADH + H+ = H2O + NAD+ + phenanthrene-3,4-oxide.
18657 toluene 3-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: toluene + 1/2 O2 = 3-hydroxytoluene.
18658 salicylate 1-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: salicylate + NADH + H+ + O2 = catechol + NAD+ + H2O + CO2.
18659 4-hydroxybenzoate 3-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybenzoate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = protocatechuate + NADP+ + H2O.
18660 4-hydroxyphenylacetate,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxyphenylacetate + NADH + H+ + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate + NAD+ + H2O.
18661 orcinol 2-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(+) + NADH + O(2) + orcinol = 2,3,5-trihydroxytoluene + H(2)O + NAD(+).
18662 phenol 2-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phenol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = catechol + NADP+ + H2O.
18663 2,6-dihydroxypyridine 3-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,6-dihydroxypyridine + H(+) + NADH + O(2) = 2,3,6-trihydroxypyridine + H(2)O + NAD(+).
18664 benzoate 4-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: benzoate + H(+) + NADPH + O(2) = 4-hydroxybenzoate + H(2)O + NADP(+).
18665 4-hydroxyphenylacetate 1-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxyphenylacetate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = homogentisate + NADP+ + H2O.
18666 2,4-dichlorophenol 6-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dichlorophenol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 3,5-dichlorocatechol + NADP+ + H2O.
18667 cyclohexanone monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cyclohexanone + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 6-hexanolide + NADP+ + H2O.
18668 3-hydroxybenzoate 4-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxybenzoate + H(+) + NADPH + O(2) = 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + H(2)O + NADP(+).
18669 3-hydroxybenzoate 6-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxybenzoate + H(+) + NADH + O(2) = 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate + H(2)O + NAD(+).
18670 4-aminobenzoate 1-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobenzoate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 4-hydroxyaniline + NADP+ + H2O + CO2.
18671 4-hydroxybenzoate 3-monooxygenase [NAD(P)H] activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybenzoate + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + NAD(P)+ + H2O.
18672 anthranilate 3-monooxygenase (deaminating) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: anthranilate + 2 H(+) + NADPH + O(2) = 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + NADP(+) + NH(4)(+).
18673 anthraniloyl-CoA monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-aminobenzoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ + O2 = 2-amino-5-oxocyclohex-1-enecarboxyl-CoA + H2O + 2 NADP+.
18674 (S)-limonene 3-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (4S)-limonene + H(+) + NADPH + O(2) = (1S,6R)-isopiperitenol + H(2)O + NADP(+).
18675 (S)-limonene 6-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-limonene + NADPH + H+ + O2 = (-)-trans-carveol + NADP+ + H2O.
18676 (S)-limonene 7-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (4S)-limonene + H(+) + NADPH + O(2) = (4S)-perillyl alcohol + H(2)O + NADP(+).
18677 pentachlorophenol monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: pentachlorophenol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = tetrachlorohydroquinone + NADP+ + chloride.
18678 4-hydroxybenzoate 1-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybenzoate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = hydroquinone + NADP+ + H2O + CO2.
18679 dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide + O2 + 2 NADH + H+ = 2 NAD+ + H2O + 2'-hydroxybiphenyl-2-sulfinate.
18680 deethylatrazine monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 deethylatrazine + O2 = 2 CH3COCH3 + 2 deisopropyldeethylatrazine.
18681 deisopropylatrazine monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 deisopropylatrazine + O2 = 2 acetaldehyde + 2 deisopropyldeethylatrazine.
18682 atrazine N-dealkylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: atrazine + O2 + 2 H+ = deethylatrazine + acetaldehyde + H2O.
18683 camphor 5-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-camphor + putidaredoxin + O2 = (+)-exo-5-hydroxycamphor + oxidized putidaredoxin + H2O.
18684 camphor 1,2-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (1R)-bornane-2,5-dione + reduced rubredoxin + O2 = 5-oxo-1,2-campholide + oxidized rubredoxin + H2O.
18685 alkane 1-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: octane + reduced rubredoxin + O2 = 1-octanol + oxidized rubredoxin + H2O.
18686 6-hydroxy pseudo-oxynicotine monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine + O2 = 2 2,6-dihydroxypseudooxynicotine.
18687 biphenyl 2,3-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: biphenyl + NADH + H+ + O2 = (2R,3S)-3-phenylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol + NAD+. This reaction requires Fe2+.
18688 DDT 2,3-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = cis-2,3-dihydrodiol DDT. 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane is also known as DDT.
18689 naphthalene disulfonate 1,2-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (1/2)-unsubstituted naphthalenoid-(2/1)-sulfonate + 2 H+ + 2 e- + O2 = 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene derivative + HSO3(-). Substrates include naphthalene-1,6-disulfonate (forms 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene-6-sulfonate), naphthalene-1-sulfonate (forms 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene), naphthalene-2,6-disulfonate (forms 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene-6-sulfonate) and naphthalene-2-sulfonate (forms 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene).
18690 4-methoxybenzoate monooxygenase (O-demethylating) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methoxybenzoate + AH(2) + O(2) = 4-hydroxybenzoate + A + formaldehyde + H(2)O.
18693 ethylbenzene hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: A + ethylbenzene + H(2)O = (S)-1-phenylethanol + AH(2).
18694 p-cymene methyl hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: p-cymene + NADH + O2 = NAD+ + OH- + p-cumic alcohol.
18695 4-cresol dehydrogenase (hydroxylating) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-cresol + acceptor + H2O = 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + reduced acceptor.
18697 carbonyl sulfide nitrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: carbonyl sulfide + 2 H+ + 2 e- = hydrogen sulfide + carbon monoxide.
18698 vinyl chloride reductive dehalogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: vinyl chloride + 2 H+ + 2 e- = HCl + ethene.
18699 1,1,1-trichloroethane reductive dehalogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,1,1-trichloroethane + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 1,1-dichloroethane + HCl.
18700 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide reductive dehalogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide + H+ + 2 e- = Cl- + N-isopropylacetanilide.
18701 2,5-dichlorohydroquinone reductive dehalogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: organohalide + 2 H+ + 2 e- = R-H + HCl. Reactants include chlorohydroquinone (forms hydroquinone) and 2,5-dichlorohydroquinone (forms chlorohydroquinone).
18702 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene dehalogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene + H+ + 2 e- = Cl- + 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene. 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene is also known as DDE; 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene is also known as DDMU.
18703 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate dehalogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid + H+ + 2 e- = Cl- + 4-chlorophenoxyacetate.
18705 1,2-dichloroethene reductive dehalogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dichloroethene + 2 H+ + 2 e- = HCl + vinyl chloride.
18706 pyrogallol hydroxytransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2,3,5-tetrahydroxybenzene + 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene = 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene + 1,2,3,5-tetrahydroxybenzene.
18707 1-phenanthrol methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phenanthrol + X-CH3 = X + 1-methoxyphenanthrene.
18708 thiol S-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a thiol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a thioether.
18710 acetone carboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetone + ATP + CO(2) + 2 H(2)O = acetoacetate + AMP + 4 H(+) + 2 phosphate.
18711 benzoyl acetate-CoA thiolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: benzoyl acetyl-CoA + CoA = acetyl-CoA + benzoyl-CoA.
18712 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA thiolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-5-oxohexanoyl-CoA + CoASH = 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA + acetyl-CoA.
18713 3-ketopimelyl-CoA thiolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-ketopimeloyl-CoA + CoA = glutaryl-CoA + acetyl-CoA.
18715 9-phenanthrol UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 9-phenanthrol + UDP-glucuronate = 9-phenanthryl-beta-D-glucuronide + UDP.
18716 1-phenanthrol glycosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phenanthrol + glucose = 1-phenanthryl-beta-D-glucopyranoside + H2O.
18717 9-phenanthrol glycosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 9-phenanthrol + glucose = 9-phenanthryl-beta-D-glucopyranoside + H2O.
18718 1,2-dihydroxy-phenanthrene glycosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxyphenanthrene + UDP-glucose = 2-hydroxy-1-phenanthryl-beta-D-glucopyranoside + UDP.
18719 6-aminohexanoate transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 6-aminohexanoate + alpha-ketoglutarate = glutamate + 6-oxohexanoate.
18720 phenol kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phenol + X-HPO3- = XH + phenylphosphate.
18721 trans-9R,10R-dihydrodiolphenanthrene sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: trans-9R,10R-dihydrodiolphenanthrene + 2 X-SO3(-) = 2 HX + phenanthrene-9,10-dihydrodiolsulfate conjugate.
18722 1-phenanthrol sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phenanthrol + X-SO3(-) = HX + 1-phenanthrylsulfate.
18723 3-phenanthrol sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phenanthrol + X-SO3(-) = HX + 3-phenanthrylsulfate.
18724 4-phenanthrol sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-phenanthrol + X-SO3(-) = HX + 4-phenanthrylsulfate.
18725 trans-3,4-dihydrodiolphenanthrene sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: trans-3,4-dihydrodiolphenanthrene + 2 X-SO3(-) = 2 HX + phenanthrene-3,4-dihydrodiolsulfate conjugate.
18726 9-phenanthrol sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 9-phenanthrol + X-SO3(-) = HX + 9-phenanthrylsulfate.
18727 2-phenanthrol sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phenanthrol + X-SO3(-) = HX + 2-phenanthrylsulfate.
18729 propionate CoA-transferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + propanoate = acetate + propanoyl-CoA.
18730 glutaconate CoA-transferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + (E)-glutaconate = acetate + glutaconyl-1-CoA.
18731 1-oxa-2-oxocycloheptane lactonase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-oxa-2-oxocycloheptane + H2O = 6-hydroxyhexanoate.
18732 sulfolactone hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-sulfolactone + OH- = HSO3(-) + maleylacetate.
18733 3,4-dihydrocoumarin hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydrocoumarin + H2O = 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl) propionate.
18734 butyrolactone hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: butyrolactone + H2O = 4-hydroxybutanoate.
18736 6-oxo-2-hydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 6-oxo-2-hydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA + H2O = 3-hydroxypimeloyl-CoA.
18737 2-ketocyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-ketocyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA + H2O = pimeloyl-CoA.
18738 S-formylglutathione hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-formylglutathione + H(2)O = formate + glutathione + H(+).
18739 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA thioesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA + H(2)O = 4-hydroxybenzoate + CoA + H(+).
18740 2'-hydroxybiphenyl-2-sulfinate desulfinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-hydroxybiphenyl-2-sulfinate + H(2)O = biphenyl-2-ol + sulfite.
18741 alkyl sulfatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dodecyl sulfate + H2O = sulfate + H+ + 1-dodecanol.
18742 epoxide hydrolase B activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the ether in chloro- or hydroxyepoxypropane to produce chloropropane diol or glycerol. Acts on R enantiomers.
18743 phenanthrene-9,10-epoxide hydrolase (9R,10R-forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrene-9,10-oxide + H2O = trans-9R,10R-dihydrodiolphenanthrene.
18744 limonene-1,2-epoxide hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: limonene-1,2-epoxide + H2O = limonene-1,2-diol. Other substrates include alicyclic and 1-methyl-substituted epoxides, such as 1-methylcyclohexene oxide, indene oxide and cyclohexene oxide.
18745 epoxide hydrolase A activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the ether in chloro-, bromo- or hydroxyepoxypropane to produce a chloro- or bromopropane diol or glycerol.
18746 phenanthrene-3,4-epoxide hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrene-3,4-oxide + H2O = trans-3,4-dihydrodiolphenanthrene.
18747 phenanthrene-1,2-epoxide hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrene-1,2-oxide + H2O = trans-1,2-dihydrodiolphenanthrene.
18748 iprodione amidohydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: iprodione + OH- = 3,5-dichlorophenylcarboximide + N-isopropylcarbamate.
18749 (3,5-dichlorophenylurea)acetate amidohydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (3,5-dichlorophenylurea)acetate + OH- = 3,5-dichloroaniline + N-carboxyglycine.
18750 biuret amidohydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: biuret + H2O = urea + CO2 + NH3.
18751 3,5-dichlorophenylcarboximide hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3,5-dichlorophenylcarboximide + OH- = (3,5-dichlorophenylurea)acetate.
18752 epsilon-caprolactam lactamase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: epsilon-caprolactam + H2O = H+ + 6-aminohexanoate.
18753 cyanuric acid amidohydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cyanuric acid + H2O = biuret + CO2.
18754 ammelide aminohydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ammelide + H2O = cyanuric acid + NH3.
18755 2-chloro-4-hydroxy-6-amino-1,3,5-triazine aminohydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-chloro-4-hydroxy-6-amino-1,3,5-triazine + OH- = 2,4-dihydroxy-6-amino-1,3,5-triazine + Cl-.
18756 ammeline aminohydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ammeline + H2O = ammelide + NH3.
18757 deisopropylhydroxyatrazine aminohydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: deisopropylhydroxyatrazine + H2O = NH3 + 2,4-dihydroxy-6-(N'-ethyl)amino-1,3,5-triazine.
18758 2,4-dihydroxy-6-(N'-ethyl)amino-1,3,5-triazine aminohydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dihydroxy-6-(N'-ethyl)amino-1,3,5-triazine + H2O = CH3CH2NH2 + cyanuric acid.
18759 methenyltetrahydromethanopterin cyclohydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + H(2)O = N(5)-formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + H(+).
18760 thiocyanate hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + 2 H(+) + thiocyanate = carbonyl sulfide + NH(4)(+).
18761 bromoxynil nitrilase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile + 2 H(2)O = 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoate + NH(4)(+). Involved in the bacterial degradation of the herbicide bromoxynil.
18762 aliphatic nitrilase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: R-CN + H2O = R-COOH + NH3.
18763 hydroxydechloroatrazine ethylaminohydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(ethylamino)-2-hydroxy-6-(isopropylamino)-1,3,5-triazine + H2O = N-isopropylammelide + ethylamine.
18764 N-isopropylammelide isopropylaminohydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-isopropylammelide + H2O = cyanuric acid + isopropylamine.
18765 2-hydroxy-6-oxohepta-2,4-dienoate hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cis,cis-2-hydroxy-6-oxohept-2,4-dienoate + OH- = cis-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate + acetate.
18766 dihydrophloroglucinol hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dihydrophloroglucinol + OH- = 3-hydroxy-5-oxohexanoate.
18767 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-7-methylocta-2,4-dienoate hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-7-methylocta-2,4-dienoate + H2O = cis-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate + isobutyrate.
18768 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-(2'-aminophenyl)hexa-2,4-dienoate hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-(2'-aminophenyl)-hexa-2,4-dienoate + H2O = 2-aminobenzoate + cis-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate.
18769 2-hydroxy-6-oxoocta-2,4-dienoate hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-6-oxoocta-2,4-dienoate + H2O = H+ + propanoate + cis-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate.
18770 6-oxo-2-hydroxy-7-(4'-chlorophenyl)-3,8,8-trichloroocta-2E,4E,7-trienoate hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 6-oxo-2-hydroxy-7-(4'-chlorophenyl)-3,8,8-trichloroocta-2Z,4Z,7-trienoate + H2O = 2-(4'-chlorophenyl)-3,3-dichloropropenoate + cis-2-Hydroxy-3-chloropenta-2,4-dienone + H+.
18771 2-hydroxy-6-oxonona-2,4-dienedioate hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (2E,4Z)-2-hydroxy-6-oxonona-2,4-dienedioate + H2O = (2E)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate + H+ + succinate.
18772 trioxoheptanoate hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,6-trioxoheptanoate + H2O = acetylpyruvate + acetate.
18773 acetylpyruvate hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetylpyruvate + H(2)O = acetate + H(+) + pyruvate.
18774 2,6-dioxo-6-phenylhexa-3-enoate hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,6-dioxo-6-phenylhexa-3-enoate + H2O = benzoate + 2-oxopent-4-enoate.
18775 2-hydroxymuconate-semialdehyde hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde + H2O = formate + 2-oxopent-4-enoate.
18776 trans-chloroacrylic acid dehalogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: trans-3-chloroacrylic acid + H2O = H+ + malonate semialdehyde.
18777 1,3,4,6-tetrachloro-1,4-cyclohexadiene halidohydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alkyl halide + H2O = alcohol + HCl. Substrates are 1,3(R),4,6(R)-tetrachloro-1,4-cyclohexadiene (forms 2,4,5-trichloro-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-ol) and 2,4,5-trichloro-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-ol (forms 2,5-dichloro-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-diol).
18778 DL-2 haloacid dehalogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: trichloroacetate + 2 H2O = 3 H+ + 3 Cl- + oxalate.
18780 dichloroacetate halidohydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dichloroacetate + H2O = 2 HCl + glyoxylate.
18781 S-triazine hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-halo or 1-pseudohalo-S-triazine = 1-hydroxy-S-triazine.
18782 cis-chloroacrylic acid dehalogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cis-3-chloroacrylic acid + H2O = H+ + HCl + malonate semialdehyde.
18783 deisopropyldeethylatrazine hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: deisopropyldeethylatrazine + H2O = 2-chloro-4-hydroxy-6-amino-1,3,5-triazine + NH3.
18784 (S)-2-haloacid dehalogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-haloacid + H2O = (R)-2-hydroxyacid + halide.
18785 haloacetate dehalogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: haloacetate + H2O = glycolate + halide.
18786 haloalkane dehalogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-haloalkane + H2O = a primary alcohol + halide.
18787 4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA dehalogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA + H2O = 4-hydroxybenzoyl CoA + chloride.
18788 atrazine chlorohydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: atrazine + H(2)O = 4-(ethylamino)-2-hydroxy-6-(isopropylamino)-1,3,5-triazine + chloride + H(+).
18789 cyclamate sulfohydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cyclohexylsulfamate + H(2)O = cyclohexylamine + sulfate.
18791 2-hydroxy-3-carboxy-6-oxo-7-methylocta-2,4-dienoate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-3-carboxy-6-oxo-7-methylocta-2,4-dienoate = CO2 + 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-7-methylocta-2,4-dienoate.
18792 bis(4-chlorophenyl)acetate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: bis(4-chlorophenyl)acetate + H+ = CO2 + bis(4-chlorophenyl)methane. Bis(4-chlorophenyl)acetate is also known as DDA; bis(4-chlorophenyl)methane is also known as DDM.
18793 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoate + H+ = CO2 + 2,6-dibromophenol.
18794 2-hydroxyisobutyrate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxyisobutyrate + H+ = CO2 + 2-propanol.
18795 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,3-dicarbonate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,3-dicarbonate + H+ = CO2 + L-lactate.
18796 4,5-dihydroxyphthalate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4,5-dihydroxyphthalate = 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + CO2.
18798 gallate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: gallate + H(+) = CO(2) + pyrogallol.
18799 4-hydroxybenzoate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybenzoate + H(+) = CO(2) + phenol.
18800 5-oxopent-3-ene-1,2,5-tricarboxylate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-oxopent-3-ene-1,2,5-tricarboxylate = 2-oxohept-3-enedioate + CO2.
18801 glutaconyl-CoA decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: trans-glutaconyl-CoA + H(+) = but-2-enoyl-CoA + CO(2).
18802 2,4-dihydroxyhept-2-ene-1,7-dioate aldolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dihydroxy-hept-trans-2-ene-1,7-dioate = pyruvate + succinic semialdehyde.
18803 4-(2-carboxyphenyl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate aldolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (3E)-4-(2-carboxyphenyl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate = 2-carboxybenzaldehyde + pyruvate.
18805 benzylsuccinate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: fumarate + toluene = 2-benzylsuccinate.
18807 6-hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxyl-CoA hydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxyl-CoA + H2O = 2,6-dihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA.
18808 trans-4-(1'-hydroxynaphth-2'-yl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate hydratase-aldolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: trans-4-(1'-hydroxynaphth-2'-yl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate + H2O = pyruvate + 1-hydroxy-2-naphthaldehyde.
18809 E-phenylitaconyl-CoA hydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: E-phenylitaconyl-CoA + H2O = (hydroxymethylphenyl)succinyl-CoA.
18810 trans-4-[2-(3-hydroxy)-thionaphthenyl]-2-oxo-3-butenoate hydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: trans-4-(2-(3-hydroxy)-thionaphthenyl)-2-oxo-3-butenoate + H2O = pyruvate + 3-hydroxy-2-formylbenzothiophene.
18811 cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxyl-CoA hydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxyl-CoA + H2O = 2-hydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA.
18812 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alkene-CoA + H2O = alcohol-CoA. Substrates are crotonoyl-CoA (producing 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA) and 2,3-didehydro-pimeloyl-CoA (producing 3-hydroxypimeloyl-CoA).
18813 trans-o-hydroxybenzylidenepyruvate hydratase-aldolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxo-3-enoate-4-benzenoid + H2O = pyruvate + benzaldehyde derivative. Substrates are (3E)-4-(5-amino-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-oxo-but-3-ene-1-oic-acid (forms 5-aminosalicylaldehyde) and trans-o-hydroxybenzylidenepyruvate (forms salicylaldehyde).
18814 phenylacetaldoxime dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (trans)-phenylacetaldoxime = H(2)O + phenylacetonitrile.
18815 3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-(3-carboxy-3-oxopropenyl)-1H-2-pyridon hydratase-aldolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-(3-carboxy-3-oxopropenyl)-1H-2-pyridon + H2O = 2-oxobut-3-enanoate + 2,5,6-trihydroxy-3-methylpyridine.
18816 2-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxyisobutyrate = H2O + methacrylate.
18817 2-oxo-hept-3-ene-1,7-dioate hydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cis-2-oxohept-3-ene-1,7-dioate + H2O = 2,4-dihydroxy-hept-trans-2-ene-1,7-dioate.
18818 acetylene hydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetaldehyde = acetylene + H(2)O.
18819 lactoyl-CoA dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: lactoyl-CoA = acryloyl-CoA + H2O.
18820 cyanamide hydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: urea = cyanamide + H(2)O.
18822 nitrile hydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an aliphatic amide = a nitrile + H2O.
18823 cyclohexa-1,5-dienecarbonyl-CoA hydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA + H(2)O = 6-hydroxycyclohex-1-enecarbonyl-CoA.
18824 (hydroxyamino)benzene mutase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (hydroxyamino)benzene = 2-aminophenol.
18825 triethanolamine lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: triethanolamine = diethanolamine + acetaldehyde.
18826 methionine gamma-lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-methionine = methanethiol + NH3 + 2-oxobutanoate.
18827 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane dehydrochlorinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane = HCl + unsym-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene. 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane is also known as DDMS; unsym-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene is also known as DDNU.
18828 halohydrin hydrogen-halide-lyase A activity F Catalysis of the elimination of HCl from a chloro- or bromopropanol, yielding an epoxypropane.
18829 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane dehydrochlorinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane = HCl + 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene. 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane is also known as DDD; 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene is also known as DDMU.
18830 gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane dehydrochlorinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane + HCl = 1,3(R),4(S),5(S),6(R)-pentachlorocyclohexene.
18831 5-chloro-1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene dechlorinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-chloro-1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene = Cl- + H+ + 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone.
18832 halohydrin hydrogen-halide-lyase B activity F Catalysis of the elimination of HCl from a chloropropanol, yielding an epoxypropane.
18833 DDT-dehydrochlorinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane = 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene + chloride + H(+).
18834 dichloromethane dehalogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dichloromethane + H(2)O = 2 chloride + formaldehyde + 2 H(+).
18835 carbon phosphorus lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alkylphosphonic acid = R-CH3 + phosphate. Substrates include aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) (forms methylamine), dimethylphosphinic acid (forms methylphosphonic acid), glyphosate (forms sarcosine) and methylphosphonic acid (forms phosphate).
18836 alkylmercury lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: R-Hg+ + H+ = R-H + Hg2+.
18837 2-hydroxy-2H-benzo[h]chromene-2-carboxylate isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-2 H-benzo[h]chromene-2-carboxylate = cis -4-(1'-hydroxynaphth-2'-yl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate.
18838 mandelate racemase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-mandelate = (R)-mandelate.
18839 cis-4-[2-(3-hydroxy)-thionaphthenyl]-2-oxo-3-butenoate isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cis-4-(2-(3-hydroxy)-thionaphthenyl)-2-oxo-3-butenoate = trans-4-(2-(3-hydroxy)-thionaphthenyl)-2-oxo-3-butenoate.
18842 3-carboxymuconate cycloisomerase type II activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-sulfomuconate = 4-sulfolactone.
18844 2-hydroxytetrahydrofuran isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxytetrahydrofuran = 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde.
18845 2-hydroxychromene-2-carboxylate isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxychromene-2-carboxylate = (3E)-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate. (3E)-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate is also known as trans-o-hydroxybenzylidenepyruvate.
18846 styrene-oxide isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: styrene oxide = phenylacetaldehyde.
18847 alpha-pinene lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-pinene = limonene.
18848 pinocarveol isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: pinocarveol = carveol.
18849 muconate cycloisomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-acetate = cis,cis-hexadienedioate.
18850 chloromuconate cycloisomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-chloro-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-acetate = 3-chloro-cis,cis-muconate.
18851 alpha-pinene-oxide decyclase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-pinene oxide = (Z)-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienal.
18852 dichloromuconate cycloisomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dichloro-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-acetate = 2,4-dichloro-cis,cis-muconate.
18854 3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoyl-CoA synthetase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoate + CoA-SH + ATP = H2O + ADP/AMP + mono/diphosphate + (3R)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoyl-CoA.
18855 2-oxo-delta3-4,5,5-trimethylcyclopentenylacetyl-CoA synthetase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxo-delta3-4,5,5-trimethylcyclopentenylacetate + ATP + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + 2-oxo-delta3-4,5,5-trimethylcyclopentenylacetyl-CoA.
18856 benzoyl acetate-CoA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxo-3-phenylpropionate + CoA + ATP = AMP + diphosphate + benzoyl acetyl-CoA.
18857 2,4-dichlorobenzoate-CoA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dichlorobenzoate + ATP + CoASH = AMP + diphosphate + 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl-CoA.
18858 benzoate-CoA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + benzoate + CoA = AMP + benzoyl-CoA + diphosphate + H(+).
18859 4-hydroxybenzoate-CoA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 4-hydroxybenzoate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA.
18860 anthranilate-CoA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + anthranilate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + anthranilyl-CoA.
18861 4-chlorobenzoate-CoA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-chlorobenzoate + CoA + ATP = 4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate. This reaction requires magnesium and is part of the bacterial 2,4-dichlorobenzoate degradation pathway.
18862 phenylphosphate carboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phenylphosphate + CO2 + H2O = H+ + phosphate + 4-hydroxybenzoate.
18863 phenanthrene-9,10-epoxide hydrolase (9S,10S-forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrene-9,10-oxide + H2O = trans-9(S),10(S)-dihydrodiolphenanthrene.
18864 acetylene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylene, formula CH2CH2, the simplest of the alkynes.
18865 acrylonitrile metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving acrylonitrile, a colorless, volatile liquid with a pungent odor. Acrylonitrile is used in the production of acrylic fibers, plastics, and synthetic rubbers.
18866 adamantanone metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving adamantanone, tricyclo(3.3.1.13,7)decanone, a white crystalline solid used as an intermediate for microelectronics in the production of photoresists.
18867 alpha-pinene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-pinene, a monoterpene that may be a significant factor affecting bacterial activities in nature. It is a major component in tea-tree oils, and gives off a piney smelling odor.
18868 2-aminobenzenesulfonate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-aminobenzenesulfonate, aniline-o-sulfonic acid, an aromatic sulfonate used in organic synthesis and in the manufacture of various dyes and medicines.
18870 anaerobic 2-aminobenzoate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-aminobenzoate, a derivative of benzoic acid with an NH2 group attached to C2, that occurs in the absence of oxygen.
18871 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate, the anion of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, a natural product found in plant tissues. It is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of ethylene (ethene), a fruit-ripening hormone in plants.
18872 arsonoacetate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving arsonoacetate, a synthetic, organic compound containing a single arsenic atom. Arsonoacetate and other arsenic containing compounds are used in agricultural applications as animal feed additives, cotton defoliants and post-emergence grass herbicides.
18873 atrazine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving atrazine, a triazine ring-containing compound, widely used as a herbicide.
18874 benzoate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid), a fungistatic compound widely used as a food preservative; it is conjugated to glycine in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.
18875 anaerobic benzoate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid) that occur in the absence of oxygen.
18876 benzonitrile metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzonitrile. Benzonitrile is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate in the pharmaceutical, dyestuffs and rubber industries. It is highly toxic and harmful in contact with skin.
18877 beta-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane, a halogenated organic insecticide that has been used worldwide for agriculture and public health.
18878 aerobic beta-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane that occur in presence of oxygen.
18879 biphenyl metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving biphenyl, a toxic aromatic hydrocarbon used as a heat transfer agent, as a fungistat in packaging citrus fruits and in plant disease control. Biphenyl can be chlorinated with 1-10 chlorine molecules to form polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
18880 4-chlorobiphenyl metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-chlorobiphenyl, a member of the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) group of compounds, a very stable group of synthetic organic compounds composed of a biphenyl nucleus with 1-10 chlorine substituents. 4-chlorobiphenyl has been used as a model substrate to investigate PCB degradation.
18881 bromoxynil metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving bromoxynil, C7H3Br2NO, a dibrominated phenol derivative with a cyano (-CN) group attached. Bromoxynil is used as a herbicide for post-emergent control of annual broadleaf weeds and works by inhibiting photosynthesis in the target plants.
18882 (+)-camphor metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving (+)-camphor, a bicyclic monoterpene ketone which is one of the major components in the leaves of common sage. Camphor exists in two enantiomers, but the (+)-isomer is more widely distributed.
18883 caprolactam metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving caprolactam, hexahydro-2h-azepin-2-one, a cyclic amide of caproic acid used in manufacture of synthetic fibers of the polyamide type. It can cause local irritation.
18884 carbazole metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbazole, a heterocyclic aromatic compound containing a dibenzopyrrole system that is produced during coal gasification and is present in cigarette smoke. Coal tar produced at high temperature contains an average of 1.5% carbazole. It is used widely in synthesis of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and plastics and is a suspected carcinogen.
18885 carbon tetrachloride metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbon tetrachloride, a toxic, carcinogenic compound which is used as a general solvent in industrial degreasing operations. It is also used as grain fumigant and a chemical intermediate in the production of refrigerants.
18886 anaerobic carbon tetrachloride metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbon tetrachloride, a toxic, carcinogenic compound which is used as a general solvent in industrial degreasing operations, that occur in the absence of oxygen.
18887 4-carboxy-4'-sulfoazobenzene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-carboxy-4'-sulfoazobenzene, a sulfonated azo compound synthesized by nitro-amine condensation from sulfanilic acid and 4-nitrobenzoic acid.
18888 3-chloroacrylic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-chloroacrylic acid, ClHC=CHCOOH, a chlorinated derivative of acrylic acid.
18889 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide, an acylanide herbicide widely used to protect corn, onion, cabbage, rose bushes, and ornamental plants.
18890 cyanamide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanamide, NCNH2, a cyanide compound which has been used as a fertilizer, defoliant and in many manufacturing processes. It often occurs as the calcium salt, sometimes also referred to as cyanamide. The citrated calcium salt is used in the treatment of alcoholism.
18891 cyclohexanol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyclohexanol, the monohydroxy derivative of cyclohexane. It is used as a solvent and blending agent.
18892 cyclohexylsulfamate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyclohexylsulfamate, also known as cyclamic acid. Sodium cyclohexylsulfamate (CHS-Na) was a widely used sweetening agent but was banned because of the suspicion of carcinogenicity and metabolic conversion to cyclohexylamine (CHA), a toxic substance. It is now used as a fungicide.
18893 dibenzofuran metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving dibenzofuran, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by one ether bond and one carbon-carbon bond. Dibenzofuran is a white crystalline solid created from the production of coal tar and used as an insecticide and an intermediate in the production of other chemicals.
18894 dibenzo-p-dioxin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving dibenzo-p-dioxin, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by two ether bonds. Dibenzo-p-dioxins are generated as by-products in the manufacturing of herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, paper pulp bleaching, and in incineration, and can accumulate in milk and throughout the food chain, creating significant health concern.
18895 dibenzothiophene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving dibenzothiophene, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by one sulfide bond and one carbon-carbon bond. Dibenzothiophene derivatives can be detected in diesel oil following hydrodesulfurization treatment to remove sulfur compounds that would otherwise generate sulfur oxides during combustion.
18896 dibenzothiophene catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dibenzothiophene, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by one sulfide bond and one carbon-carbon bond.
18897 dibenzothiophene desulfurization P The removal of the sulfur atom from dibenzothiophene, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by one sulfide bond and one carbon-carbon bond.
18898 2,4-dichlorobenzoate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2,4-dichlorobenzoate, a chlorinated aromatic compound which is a key intermediate in the aerobic degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
18899 1,2-dichloroethane metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,2-dichloroethane, a major commodity chemical used, for example, in the manufacture of vinyl chloride.
18900 dichloromethane metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving dichloromethane, a dichlorinated derivative of methane. It is a colorless organic liquid with a sweet, chloroform-like odor, often used as a paint remover.
18901 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, a chlorinated phenoxy compound which functions as a systemic herbicide and is used to control many types of broadleaf weeds.
18902 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (DCP), a halohydrin suspected of being carcinogenic, mutagenic and genotoxic. DCP is used as a general solvent, as an intermediate in organic synthesis and in paints, varnishes, lacquers, water colors, binders and photographic lacquers.
18903 1,3-dichloropropene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving members of the 1,3-dichloropropene family, which includes cis- and trans-1,3-dichloropropene. The 1,3-dichloropropenes are chlorinated hydrocarbons and the major active ingredients of commercial products for control of plant-parasitic nematodes.
18904 ether metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic ethers, any anhydride of the general formula R1-O-R2, formed between two identical or nonidentical organic hydroxy compounds.
18905 dimethyl ether metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving dimethyl ether, CH3-O-CH3, the simplest ether. Dimethyl ether, also known wood ether and methyl ether, is a colorless gas that has been used in refrigeration applications.
18906 methyl tert-butyl ether metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving methyl tert-butyl ether, 2-methoxy-2-methylpropane. Methyl tert-butyl ether is a synthetic chemical which is mixed with gasoline for use in reformulated gasoline. It was first introduced as an additive for unleaded gasoline in the 1980s. It is also used as a laboratory reagent and a pharmaceutical agent.
18907 dimethyl sulfoxide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO (C2H6OS), an alkyl sulfoxide that is practically odorless in its purified form. As a highly polar organic liquid, it is a powerful solvent. Its biological activities include the ability to penetrate plant and animal tissues and to preserve living cells during freezing.
18908 organosulfide cycle P A cyclic series of interconversions involving dimethyl sulfide, methanethiol and hydrogen sulfide. Dimethylsulfoxide can also be converted to dimethyl sulfide, which enters the cycle.
18909 dodecyl sulfate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving dodecyl sulfate, commonly found as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), a component of a variety of synthetic surfactants.
18910 benzene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzene, C6H6, a volatile, very inflammable liquid, contained in the naphtha produced by the destructive distillation of coal, from which it is separated by fractional distillation.
18911 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, a derivative of benzene with chlorine atoms attached to positions 1, 2 and 4 of the ring. It is a colorless liquid used as a solvent in chemical manufacturing, in dyes and intermediates, dielectric fluid, synthetic transformer oils, lubricants, heat-transfer medium and insecticides.
18912 1,4-dichlorobenzene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,4-dichlorobenzene (p-dichlorobenzene or paramoth), a derivative of benzene with two chlorine atoms attached at opposite positions on the ring. It forms white crystals at room temperature and is used as an insecticidal fumigant, particularly in mothballs.
18913 anaerobic ethylbenzene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethylbenzene (phenylethane), a benzene derivative with an ethyl group attached to the ring, that occur in the absence of oxygen.
18914 chlorobenzene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving chlorobenzene, a derivative of benzene with a chlorine atoms attached to the ring. It is a colorless liquid that is manufactured for use as a solvent. It quickly evaporates in the air and is degraded by hydroxyl radicals that are produced photochemically. The gas acts as a source of ClOx, which helps in the breakdown of stratospheric ozone.
18915 ethylbenzene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethylbenzene (phenylethane), a benzene derivative with an ethyl group attached to the ring. It is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor used as a solvent and as a component of automotive and aviation fuels.
18916 nitrobenzene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrobenzene (nitrobenzol), a derivative of benzene with an NO2 group attached to the ring. It is a yellow aromatic liquid used in perfumery and manufactured in large quantities in the preparation of aniline.
18917 fluorene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving fluorene, a tricyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon containing a five-membered ring. It is a major component of fossil fuels and their derivatives and is also a by-product of coal-conversion and energy-related industries. It is commonly found in vehicle exhaust emissions, crude oils, motor oils, coal and oil combustion products, waste incineration, and industrial effluents.
18918 gallate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving gallate, the anion of gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid). The esters and polyesters are widely distributed in angiosperms.
18919 gamma-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving gamma-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane (also known as Lindane), the most common form of hexachlorohexane, a halogenated organic insecticide that has been used worldwide for agriculture and public health.
18920 glyphosate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving glyphosate, a broad-spectrum herbicide also known by the trade name Roundup. It is a member of a broad class of compounds known as phosphonic acids, which contain a direct carbon-to-phosphorus (C-P) bond.
18921 3-hydroxybenzyl alcohol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, an aromatic compound which is an intermediate in several metabolic pathways, including the biosynthesis of patulin, a toxin and antiviral agent produced by some moulds such as Penicillium patulinum.
18922 iprodione metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving prodione, a colorless, odorless crystal. It is used as a dicarboximide contact fungicide to control a wide variety of crop diseases by inhibiting the germination of spores and the growth of the fungal mat (mycelium).
18923 limonene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving limonene (4-isopropenyl-1-methyl-cyclohexene), a monocyclic monoterpene.
18924 mandelate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving mandelate, the anion of mandelic acid. Mandelic acid (alpha-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid) is an 8-carbon alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) that is used in organic chemistry and as a urinary antiseptic.
18925 m-cresol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving m-cresol (3-hydroxytoluene), the meta-isoform of cresol. Used to produce agricultural chemicals, and in specialty resins, pharmaceuticals and pressure-sensitive dyes.
18926 methanesulfonic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving methanesulfonic acid, a strong acid produced by the oxidation of dimethyl sulfide.
18928 methyl ethyl ketone metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving methyl ethyl ketone, a clear, colorless liquid with a fragrant, mint-like odor. It is used as a solvent and in making plastics, textiles and paints.
18929 methyl fluoride metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving methyl fluoride, fluorine-substituted methane, a gaseous halogenated hydrocarbon that has been investigated as an inhibitor of methanotrophy and nitrification in soils.
18930 3-methylquinoline metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-methylquinoline, C10H9N, an aromatic compound composed of a benzene ring and a heterocyclic N-containing ring.
18931 naphthalene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving naphthalene, a fused ring bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbon commonly found in crude oil and oil products. Naphthalene is familiar as the compound that gives mothballs their odor; it is used in the manufacture of plastics, dyes, solvents, and other chemicals, as well as being used as an antiseptic and insecticide.
18933 nicotine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotine, (S)(-)-3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)pyridine.
18934 nitrilotriacetate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrilotriacetate, an aminotricarboxylic acid that binds bivalent metal ions in a ratio of 1:1. As an important industrial chelating agent, NTA has been widely used for various radionuclide processing and decontamination procedures, such as textile, paper and pulp processing and water treatment.
18935 aerobic nitrilotriacetate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrilotriacetate, the aminotricarboxylic acid N(CH2COO-)3, that occur in the presence of oxygen.
18936 anaerobic nitrilotriacetate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrilotriacetate, the aminotricarboxylic acid N(CH2COO-)3, that occur in the absence of oxygen.
18937 nitroglycerin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitroglycerin, a well-known nitrate ester and an important component of dynamite and other propellants. Toxic to algae, invertebrate, and vertebrates.
18938 2-nitropropane metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-nitropropane, a clear, colorless liquid with a mild, fruity odor. 2-nitropropane is used principally as a solvent and chemical intermediate. As a solvent, it is used in inks, paints, adhesives, varnishes, polymers, and synthetic materials. It is a feedstock for the manufacture of 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol.
18939 n-octane metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving n-octane, the 8 carbon straight chain alkane used in organic syntheses, calibrations, and azeotropic distillations. It is a common component of gasoline and other petroleum products and the engine fuel antiknocking properties of an isomer of n-octane are used as a comparative standard in the Octane Rating System.
18940 orcinol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving orcinol (5-methyl-1,3-benzenediol), an aromatic compound derived from the fermentation of lichen, and synthesized, probably as a fungicide, by some higher plants.
18941 organomercury metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving organomercury compound, any organic compound containing a mercury atom.
18942 organometal metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving organometals, any metal-containing organic compound, especially one in which the metal atom is linked directly to one of more carbon atoms.
18943 organotin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving organotin, an organic compound containing a tin atom.
18944 tri-n-butyltin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving tri-n-butyltin, an organometallic compound composed of three butyl chains attached to a tin atom. Tri-n-butyltin is used as an antifouling agent in ship bottom paints and can be toxic to many marine organisms.
18945 organosilicon metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving any organosilicon, organic compounds that contain silicon, a nonmetal element analogous to carbon.
18946 aerobic organosilicon metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving organosilicons, organic compounds that contain silicon, in the presence of oxygen.
18947 anaerobic organosilicon metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving organosilicons, organic compounds that contain silicon, in the absence of oxygen.
18948 xylene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylene, a mixture of three colorless, aromatic hydrocarbon liquids, ortho-, meta- and para-xylene.
18949 m-xylene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving m-xylene, (1,3-dimethylbenzene) a colorless, liquid aromatic hydrocarbon.
18950 o-xylene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving o-xylene, (1,2-dimethylbenzene) a colorless, liquid aromatic hydrocarbon.
18951 p-xylene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving p-xylene, (1,4-dimethylbenzene) a colorless, liquid aromatic hydrocarbon.
18952 parathion metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving parathion, a highly toxic organophosphate compound formerly used as a broad spectrum insecticide, acaricide, fumigant and nematocide. Degradation of parathion by sunlight or liver enzymes can result in the formation of the active compound paraoxon which interferes with the nervous system through cholinesterase inhibition.
18953 p-cymene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving p-cymene, 1-methyl-4-isopropylbenzene, one of the alkyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbons found in volatile oils from over 100 plants.
18954 pentaerythritol tetranitrate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentaerythritol tetranitrate, C(CH2-O-NO2)4, a substance produced for use as an explosive and a vasodilator.
18955 phenanthrene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving phenanthrene, a tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon used in explosives and in the synthesis of dyes and drugs. Although phenanthrene is not mutagenic or carcinogenic, it has been shown to be toxic to marine diatoms, gastropods, mussels, crustaceans, and fish.
18956 phenanthrene catabolic process via trans-9(R),10(R)-dihydrodiolphenanthrene P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenanthrene, a tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, where trans-9(R),10(R)-dihydrodiolphenanthrene is the principal intermediate metabolite.
18957 phenanthrene catabolic process via trans-9(S),10(S)-dihydrodiolphenanthrene P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenanthrene, a tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, where trans-9(S),10(S)-dihydrodiolphenanthrene is the principal intermediate metabolite.
18958 phenol-containing compound metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring.
18959 aerobic phenol-containing compound metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring, in the presence of oxygen.
18960 4-nitrophenol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-nitrophenol, a nitroaromatic compound which is used in the production of dyes, leather treatment agents, fungicides and as an intermediate in the production of the insecticide parathion.
18961 pentachlorophenol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentachlorophenol, a chlorinated insecticide and fungicide used primarily to protect timber from fungal rot and wood boring insects. Pentachlorophenol is significantly toxic to mammals, plants, and many microorganisms.
18962 3-phenylpropionate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-phenylpropionate, the anion of phenylpropanoic acid. It is produced from putrefaction of proteins in soil or breakdown of several constituents of plants, such as lignin, various oils and resins.
18963 phthalate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving phthalate, the anion of phthalic acid. Phthalic acid diesters are used industrially in the production of a variety of household and consumer goods including plastic polymers, lubricating oils, and carriers for perfumes in cosmetics, while phthalic acid itself is used industrially as a plasticizer. Terephthalate is used in the synthesis of polyethylene terephthalate (polyethene terephthlate, abbreviated PET or PETE), a plastic polymer with many commercial uses.
18964 propylene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving propylene, an alkene produced by catalytic or thermal cracking of hydrocarbons or as a by-product of petroleum refining. It is used mainly in the preparation of alkylates for gasoline and in the production of polypropylene, acrylonitrile, propylene oxide and a number of other industrial chemicals.
18965 s-triazine compound metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving any s-triazine compound. These compounds include many pesticides of widespread use in agriculture, and are characterized by a symmetrical hexameric ring consisting of alternating carbon and nitrogen atoms.
18966 styrene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving styrene, an aromatic hydrocarbon liquid soluble in ether and alcohol. When heated, exposed to light or added to a peroxide catalyst, it undergoes polymerization to form polystyrene, a versatile material used in the manufacture of plastics, synthetic rubber, thermal insulation, and packaging. Styrene is a classified mutagen and a suspected carcinogen.
18967 tetrachloroethylene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrachloroethylene (tetrachloroethene), a derivative of ethene with the hydrogen atoms replaced by chlorines. Tetrachloroethene has been used primarily as a solvent in dry-cleaning industries and to a lesser extent as a degreasing solvent.
18968 tetrahydrofuran metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrahydrofuran, a cyclic 4 carbon ether. It is one of the most polar ethers and is a widely used solvent for polar reagents. Since THF is very soluble in water and has a relatively low boiling point, significant amounts are often released into the environment, causing contamination problems.
18969 thiocyanate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving thiocyanate, the anion of thiocyanic acid, a toxic cyanide derivative commonly formed as a by-product in the production of gas for fuel, coke, and substances for chemical industries.
18970 toluene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving toluene, a volatile monoaromatic hydrocarbon found in crude petroleum and petroleum products such as gasoline and commonly used as a paint thinning agent and in other solvent applications.
18971 anaerobic toluene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving toluene, a volatile monoaromatic hydrocarbon found in crude petroleum and petroleum products, that occur in the absence of oxygen.
18972 toluene-4-sulfonate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving toluene-4-sulfonate, the anion of 4-toluene sulfonic acid, a white crystalline solid which is highly hygroscopic and soluble in water.
18973 trinitrotoluene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving trinitrotoluene, a methylated benzene molecule with three NO2 groups attached to it. This includes the explosive TNT, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene.
18974 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, a highly explosive pale yellow crystalline solid. It is prepared from toluene treated with concentrated sulfuric and nitric acids and is used in shells, bombs, and blasting explosives.
18975 anaerobic 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, a highly explosive pale yellow crystalline solid, that occur in the absence of oxygen.
18976 1,2,3-tribromopropane metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,2,3-tribromopropane, a toxic and volatile organic compound commonly used as a nematocide in agriculture.
18977 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT), a chlorinated broad spectrum contact insecticide.
18978 anaerobic 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT), a chlorinated, broad spectrum, contact insecticide, in the absence of oxygen.
18979 trichloroethylene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving trichloroethylene, a toxic, colorless, photoreactive, chlorinated hydrocarbon liquid, commonly used as a metal degreaser and solvent.
18980 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, a chlorinated aromatic compound which is widely used as a herbicide, often as a weed killer for home lawns.
18981 triethanolamine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving triethanolamine, a combustible, hygroscopic, colorless liquid commonly used in dry-cleaning solutions, cosmetics, detergents, textile processing, wool scouring, and as a corrosion inhibitor and pharmaceutical alkalizing agent.
18982 vanillin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving vanillin, an aromatic hydrocarbon which occurs naturally in black vanilla bean pods and can be obtained as a by-product of the pulp and paper industry by the oxidative breakdown of lignin.
18983 Z-phenylacetaldoxime metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving Z-phenylacetaldoxime, a member of the glucosinolate group of compounds, a class of natural products that are gaining increasing interest as cancer-preventing agents and crop protectants.
18984 naphthalenesulfonate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving naphthalenesulfonate, sulfonated derivatives of naphthalene.
18985 pronuclear envelope synthesis P Synthesis and ordering of the envelope of pronuclei.
18989 apolysis P The first process of molting, characterized by the detachment of the old cuticle from the underlying epidermal cells.
18990 ecdysis, chitin-based cuticle P The shedding of the old chitin-based cuticlar fragments during the molting cycle. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
18991 oviposition P The deposition of eggs (either fertilized or not) upon a surface or into a medium such as water.
18992 germ-line sex determination P The determination of sex and sexual phenotype in an organism's germ line.
18993 somatic sex determination P The determination of sex and sexual phenotypes in an organism's soma.
18995 host C Any organism in which another organism, especially a parasite or symbiont, spends part or all of its life cycle and from which it obtains nourishment and/or protection.
18996 molting cycle, collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle P The periodic shedding of part or all of a collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle, which is then replaced by a new collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle. An example of this is found in the Nematode worm, Caenorhabditis elegans.
19001 guanyl nucleotide binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with guanyl nucleotides, any compound consisting of guanosine esterified with (ortho)phosphate.
19002 GMP binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with GMP, guanosine monophosphate.
19003 GDP binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with GDP, guanosine 5'-diphosphate.
19005 SCF ubiquitin ligase complex C A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul1 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 adaptor and an F-box protein. SCF complexes are involved in targeting proteins for degradation by the proteasome. The best characterized complexes are those from yeast and mammals (with core subunits named Cdc53/Cul1, Rbx1/Hrt1/Roc1).
19008 molybdopterin synthase complex C A protein complex that possesses molybdopterin synthase activity. In E. coli, the complex is a heterotetramer consisting of two MoaD and two MoaE subunits.
19010 farnesoic acid O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: farnesoic acid + S-adenosyl-methionine = methyl farnesoate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
19012 virion C The complete fully infectious extracellular virus particle.
19013 viral nucleocapsid C The complete protein-nucleic acid complex that is the packaged form of the genome in a virus particle.
19015 viral genome C The whole of the genetic information of a virus, contained as either DNA or RNA.
19016 non-segmented viral genome C A viral genome that consists of one continuous nucleic acid molecule.
19017 segmented viral genome C A viral genome that is divided into two or more physically separate molecules of nucleic acid and packaged into a single virion.
19018 bipartite viral genome C A segmented viral genome consisting of two sub-genomic nucleic acids but each nucleic acid is packaged into a different virion.
19019 tripartite viral genome C A segmented viral genome consisting of three sub-genomic nucleic acids but each nucleic acid is packaged into a different virion.
19020 multipartite viral genome C A segmented viral genome consisting of more than three sub-genomic nucleic acids but each nucleic acid is packaged into a different virion.
19021 DNA viral genome C A viral genome composed of deoxyribonucleic acid.
19022 RNA viral genome C A viral genome composed of ribonucleic acid. This results in genome replication and expression of genetic information being inextricably linked.
19023 dsRNA viral genome C A viral genome composed of double stranded RNA.
19024 ssRNA viral genome C A viral genome composed of single stranded RNA of either positive or negative sense.
19025 positive sense viral genome C A single stranded RNA genome with the same nucleotide polarity as mRNA.
19026 negative sense viral genome C A single stranded RNA genome with the opposite nucleotide polarity as mRNA.
19027 ambisense viral genome C A RNA genome that contains coding regions that are either positive sense or negative sense on the same RNA molecule.
19028 viral capsid C The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles. It comprises numerous regularly arranged subunits, or capsomeres.
19029 helical viral capsid C The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles; the subunits are arranged to form a protein helix with the genetic material contained within. Tobacco mosaic virus has such a capsid structure.
19030 icosahedral viral capsid C The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles; the subunits are arranged to form an icosahedron, a solid with 20 faces and 12 vertices. Icosahedral capsids have 12 pentamers plus 10(T-1) hexamers, where T is the triangulation number. Tobacco satellite necrosis virus has such a capsid structure.
19031 viral envelope C The lipid bilayer of a virion that surrounds the protein capsid. May also contain glycoproteins.
19033 viral tegument C A structure lying between the capsid and envelope of a virus, varying in thickness and often distributed asymmetrically.
19034 viral replication complex C Specific locations and structures in the virus infected cell involved in replicating the viral genome.
19035 viral integration complex C A nucleoprotein complex containing viral genetic material and associated viral and host proteins, which is capable of inserting a viral genome into a host genome.
19036 viral transcriptional complex C Specific locations and structures in the virus infected cell involved in transcribing the viral genome.
19037 viral assembly intermediate C Specific locations and structures in the virus infected cell involved in assembling new virions.
19038 provirus C The name given to a viral genome after it has been integrated into the host genome; particularly applies to retroviruses and is a required part of the retroviral replication cycle.
19042 viral latency P The process by which, after initial infection, a virus lies dormant within a cell and viral production ceases. The process ends when the virus switches from latency and starts to replicate.
19043 establishment of viral latency P A process by which a virus establishes a latent state within its host, either as an integrated provirus within the host genome or as an episome, where viral genome remains in the cytoplasm or nucleus as distinct objects.
19044 maintenance of viral latency P The perpetuation of a latent state, generally by repressing the viruses own lytic genes expression and ensuring expression of viral genes which function to keep the viral genome from being detected by the host defense mechanisms.
19045 latent virus replication P Any process required for latent viral replication in a cell.
19046 release from viral latency P The process by which a virus switches from latency and begins to replicate. It may be effected by various endogenous and exogenous stimuli, including B-cell lipopolysaccharides, glucocorticoid hormones, halogenated pyrimidines, ionizing radiation, ultraviolet light, various chemicals and super-infecting viruses.
19048 modulation by virus of host morphology or physiology P The process in which a virus effects a change in the structure or processes of its host organism.
19049 evasion or tolerance of host defenses by virus P Any process, either active or passive, by which a virus avoids or tolerates the effects of its host organism's defense(s). Host defenses may be induced by the presence of the virus or may be preformed (e.g. physical barriers). The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
19050 suppression by virus of host apoptotic process P Any viral process that inhibits apoptosis of infected host cells, facilitating prolonged cell survival during viral replication.
19051 induction by virus of host apoptotic process P The set of viral processes that induce an apoptotic process in infected host cells, facilitating release and spread of progeny virions.
19054 modulation by virus of host process P The process in which a virus effects a change in the processes and activities of its host organism.
19055 modification by virus of host cell cycle regulation P Interactions, directly with the host cell macromolecular machinery, to allow a virus to modulate the rate of the host cell cycle to facilitate virus replication.
19056 modulation by virus of host transcription P Any process in which a virus modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its host's transcription.
19057 modulation by virus of host translation P Any process in which a virus modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translation of host mRNA.
19058 viral life cycle P A set of processes which all viruses follow to ensure survival; includes attachment and entry of the virus particle, decoding of genome information, translation of viral mRNA by host ribosomes, genome replication, and assembly and release of viral particles containing the genome.
19060 intracellular transport of viral protein in host cell P The directed movement of a viral protein within the host cell.
19061 uncoating of virus P The process by which an incoming virus is disassembled in the host cell to release a replication-competent viral genome.
19062 virion attachment to host cell P The process by which a virion protein binds to molecules on the host cellular surface or host cell surface projection.
19064 fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane P Fusion of a viral membrane with the host cell membrane during viral entry. Results in release of the virion contents into the cytoplasm.
19065 receptor-mediated endocytosis of virus by host cell P Any receptor-mediated endocytosis that is involved in the uptake of a virus into a host cell; successive instances of virus endocytosis result in the accumulation of virus particles within the cell.
19068 virion assembly P A late phase of the viral life cycle during which all the components necessary for the formation of a mature virion collect at a particular site in the cell and the basic structure of the virus particle is formed.
19069 viral capsid assembly P The assembly of a virus capsid from its protein subunits.
19070 viral genome maturation P The processes involved in creating a mature, stable viral genome. Begins after genome replication with a newly synthesized nucleic acid and ends when the genome is ready to be packaged. Includes the addition of proteins to the newly synthesized genome, and DNA repair processes.
19071 viral DNA cleavage involved in viral genome maturation P The cleavage of viral DNA into singular functional units.
19072 viral genome packaging P The encapsulation of the viral genome within the capsid.
19073 viral DNA genome packaging P The packing of viral DNA into a capsid.
19074 viral RNA genome packaging P The packaging of viral RNA (single-stranded or double-stranded) into a nucleocapsid.
19075 virus maturation P The refolding and structural rearrangements of virion parts to transition from the intermediate virion to the more mature virion. Maturation usually involves proteolysis events and changes in the folding of the virion proteins. Can occur inside the host cell or after release.
19076 viral release from host cell P The dissemination of mature viral particles from the host cell, e.g. by cell lysis or the budding of virus particles from the cell membrane.
19079 viral genome replication P Any process involved directly in viral genome replication, including viral nucleotide metabolism.
19080 viral gene expression P A process by which a viral gene is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes viral transcription, processing to produce a mature RNA product, and viral translation.
19081 viral translation P A process by which viral mRNA is translated into viral protein, using the host cellular machinery.
19082 viral protein processing P Any protein maturation process achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond or bonds within a viral protein.
19083 viral transcription P The process by which a viral genome, or part of a viral genome, is transcribed within the host cell.
19084 middle viral transcription P The viral transcription that takes place after early transcription in the viral life cycle, and which involves the transcription of genes required for replication.
19085 early viral transcription P The first phase of viral transcription that occurs after entry of the virus into the host cell, but prior to viral genome replication. It involves the transcription of genes for non-structural proteins, and for lytic viruses, the early gene products are involved in establishing control over the host cell.
19086 late viral transcription P The transcription of the final group of viral genes of the viral life cycle, following middle transcription, or where middle transcription doesn't occur, following early transcription. Involves the transcription of genes encoding structural proteins.
19087 transformation of host cell by virus P Any virus-induced change in the morphological, biochemical, or growth parameters of a cell.
19088 immortalization of host cell by virus P A virus-induced cellular transformation arising in immortalized cells, or cells capable of indefinite replication, due to their ability to produce their own telomerase.
19089 transmission of virus P The transfer of virions in order to create new infection.
19090 mitochondrial rRNA export from mitochondrion P The directed movement of mitochondrial rRNA out of a mitochondrion.
19091 mitochondrial lrRNA export from mitochondrion P The directed movement of mitochondrial lrRNA out of a mitochondrion.
19092 mitochondrial srRNA export from mitochondrion P The directed movement of mitochondrial srRNA out of a mitochondrion.
19093 mitochondrial RNA localization P Any process in which mitochondrial RNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
19094 pole plasm mRNA localization P Any process in which mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
19095 pole plasm mitochondrial rRNA localization P Any process in which mitochondrial ribosomal RNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
19096 pole plasm mitochondrial lrRNA localization P Any process in which mitochondrial large ribosomal RNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
19097 pole plasm mitochondrial srRNA localization P Any process in which mitochondrial small ribosomal RNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
19098 reproductive behavior P The specific behavior of an organism that is associated with reproduction.
19099 female germ-line sex determination P The determination of sex and sexual phenotype in a female organism's germ line.
19100 male germ-line sex determination P The determination of sex and sexual phenotype in a male organism's germ line.
19101 female somatic sex determination P The determination of sex and sexual phenotypes in a female organism's soma.
19102 male somatic sex determination P The determination of sex and sexual phenotypes in a male organism's soma.
19103 pyrimidine nucleotide binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with pyrimidine nucleotide, any compound consisting of a pyrimidine nucleoside esterified with (ortho)phosphate.
19104 DNA N-glycosylase activity F Catalysis of the removal of damaged bases by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction releases a free base and leaves an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site.
19105 N-palmitoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a palmitoyl group to a nitrogen atom on the acceptor molecule.
19107 myristoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a myristoyl (CH3-[CH2]12-CO-) group to an acceptor molecule.
19108 aryl-aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an aromatic aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = an aromatic acid + NADH + H+.
19111 phenanthrol sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrol + X-SO3(-) = HX + phenanthrylsulfate.
19112 phenanthrol glycosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrol + glucose = phenanthryl-beta-D-glucopyranoside + H2O.
19113 limonene monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of a monooxygenase reaction in which oxygen is incorporated into limonene.
19114 catechol dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: catechol + O2 = a muconate.
19115 benzaldehyde dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: benzaldehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O = benzoate + NAD(P)H + H+.
19116 hydroxy-nicotine oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2 = 1-(6-hydroxypyrid-3-yl)-4-(methylamino)butan-1-one + hydrogen peroxide.
19117 dihydroxyfluorene dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a dihydroxyfluorene + O2 = the corresponding 2-hydroxy-4-(oxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-inden-ylidene) but-2-enoic acid.
19118 phenanthrene-epoxide hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a phenanthrene dioxide + H2O = a dihydrodiolphenanthrene.
19119 phenanthrene-9,10-epoxide hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrene-9,10-oxide + H2O = trans-9,10-dihydrodiolphenanthrene.
19120 hydrolase activity, acting on acid halide bonds, in C-halide compounds F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any acid halide bond in substances containing halogen atoms in organic linkage.
19121 peptidoglycan-protein cross-linking via N6-mureinyl-L-lysine P The process of linking a protein to peptidoglycan via the epsilon amino group of lysine to the diaminopimelic acid of the peptidoglycan.
19122 peptidyl-D-alanine racemization P The formation of peptidyl-D-alanine, by either racemization or from peptidyl-L-serine.
19123 peptidyl-methionine racemization P The racemization of peptidyl-methionine.
19124 peptidyl-isoleucine racemization P The racemization of peptidyl-isoleucine.
19125 peptidyl-phenylalanine racemization P The racemization of peptidyl-phenylalanine.
19126 peptidyl-serine racemization P The racemization of peptidyl-serine.
19128 peptidyl-tryptophan racemization P The racemization of peptidyl-tryptophan.
19129 peptidyl-leucine racemization P The racemization of peptidyl-leucine.
19133 choline monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: choline + 2 reduced ferredoxin + O2 + 2 H+ = betaine aldehyde hydrate + 2 oxidized ferredoxin + H2O.
19134 glucosamine-1-phosphate N-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate + CoA + H(+).
19135 deoxyhypusine monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: protein N6-(4-aminobutyl)-L-lysine + donor-H2 + O2 = protein N6-((R)-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)-L-lysine + acceptor + H2O.
19136 deoxynucleoside kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 2'-deoxynucleoside = ADP + 2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-phosphate.
19137 thioglucosidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a thioglucoside + H2O = a thiol + a sugar.
19139 cytokinin dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N6-dimethylallyladenine + acceptor + H2O = adenine + 3-methylbut-2-enal + reduced electron acceptor.
19140 inositol 3-kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + myo-inositol = ADP + 1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate.
19141 2-dehydropantolactone reductase (B-specific) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-pantolactone + NADP+ = 2-dehydropantolactone + NADPH + H+. The reaction is B-specific (i.e. the pro-S hydrogen is transferred from the 4-position of reduced nicotinamide cofactor) with respect to NADP+.
19142 2-hydroxyglutarate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glyoxylate + H(2)O + propanoyl-CoA = 2-hydroxyglutarate + CoA + H(+).
19143 3-deoxy-manno-octulosonate-8-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 8-phospho-3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonate + H(2)O = 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate + phosphate.
19144 ADP-sugar diphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ADP-sugar + H2O = AMP + sugar 1-phosphate.
19145 aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobutanal + NAD+ + H2O = 4-aminobutanoate + NADH + 2 H+.
19146 arabinose-5-phosphate isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinose 5-phosphate = D-ribulose 5-phosphate + 2 H(+).
19147 (R)-aminopropanol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-1-aminopropan-2-ol + NAD(+) = aminoacetone + H(+) + NADH.
19148 D-cysteine desulfhydrase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-cysteine + H2O = sulfide + NH3 + pyruvate.
19149 3-chloro-D-alanine dehydrochlorinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-chloro-D-alanine + H2O = pyruvate + chloride + NH3.
19150 D-ribulokinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-ribulose = ADP + D-ribulose 5-phosphate.
19151 galactose 1-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactose + NAD+ = D-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+.
19152 acetoin dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetoin + NAD+ = diacetyl + NADH + H+.
19153 protein-disulfide reductase (glutathione) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 glutathione + protein-disulfide = oxidized glutathione + protein-dithiol.
19154 glycolate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: A + glycolate = AH(2) + glyoxylate.
19155 3-(imidazol-5-yl)lactate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-(imidazol-5-yl)lactate + NADP+ = 3-(imidazol-5-yl)pyruvate + NADPH + H+.
19156 isoamylase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-(1,6)-D-glucosidic branch linkages in glycogen, amylopectin and their beta-limits dextrins.
19157 malate oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-malate + O(2) = H(2)O(2) + oxaloacetate.
19158 mannokinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-mannose = ADP + D-mannose 6-phosphate.
19159 nicotinamide-nucleotide amidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: beta-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide + H2O = beta-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide + NH3.
19160 NMN nucleosidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + nicotinamide mononucleotide = D-ribose 5-phosphate + H(+) + nicotinamide.
19161 diamine transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an alpha,omega-diamine + 2-oxoglutarate = an omega-aminoaldehyde + L-glutamate.
19162 pyridoxamine-oxaloacetate transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: oxaloacetate + pyridoxamine = L-aspartate + pyridoxal.
19163 pyridoxamine-phosphate transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate + 2-oxoglutarate = pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + D-glutamate.
19164 pyruvate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + CoA + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + 2 reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+.
19165 thiamine kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + thiamine = ADP + 2 H(+) + thiamine phosphate.
19166 trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (NADPH) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + NADP+ = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + NADPH + H+.
19168 2-octaprenylphenol hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-octaprenylphenol + NADPH + O2 + H+ = 2-octaprenyl-6-hydroxyphenol + NADP+ + H2O.
19170 methylglyoxal reductase (NADH-dependent) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-lactaldehyde + NAD+ = methylglyoxal + NADH + H+.
19171 3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = H2O + a trans-delta2-enoyl-acyl-[acyl-carrier protein].
19172 glyoxalase III activity F Catalysis of the reaction: methylglyoxal + H2O = D-lactate.
19174 tetrahydrothiophene 1-oxide reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: tetrahydrothiophene 1-oxide + reduced acceptor = tetrahydrothiophene + acceptor.
19176 dihydroneopterin monophosphate phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dihydroneopterin monophosphate = dihydroneopterin + phosphate.
19177 dihydroneopterin triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dihydroneopterin triphosphate = dihydroneopterin phosphate + diphosphate.
19178 NADP phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + NADP+ = NAD+ + phosphate.
19179 dTDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-D-glucose transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-D-glucose + 2-oxoglutarate = dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose + L-glutamate.
19180 dTDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxygalactose transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + dTDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-D-galactose = L-glutamate + dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-galactose.
19181 halohydrin hydrogen-halide-lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a halohydrin = an epoxide + a hydrogen halide.
19182 histamine-gated chloride channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a channel that opens when histamine has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
19183 histamine-gated chloride channel complex C A protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which chloride ions may pass in response to histamine binding to the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
19184 nonribosomal peptide biosynthetic process P The biosynthetic process in which peptide bond formation occurs in the absence of the translational machinery. Examples include the synthesis of antibiotic peptides, and glutathione.
19185 snRNA-activating protein complex C A protein complex that recognizes the proximal sequence element of RNA polymerase II and III snRNA promoters.
19186 acyl-CoA N-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group from acyl-CoA to a nitrogen atom on an acceptor molecule.
19187 beta-1,4-mannosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a mannose residue to an oligosaccharide, forming a beta-(1->4) linkage.
19191 cellobiose transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of cellobiose from one side of the membrane to the other. Cellobiose, or 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose, is a disaccharide that represents the basic repeating unit of cellulose.
19194 sorbose transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of sorbose from one side of the membrane to the other. Sorbose is the ketohexose xylo-2-hexulose; L-sorbose is formed by bacterial oxidation of sorbitol. Sorbose is produced commercially by fermentation and is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of ascorbic acid.
19196 galactosamine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of galactosamine from one side of the membrane to the other. Galactosamine is an aminodeoxysugar; D-galactosamine is a constituent of some glycolipids and glycosaminoglycans, commonly as its N-acetyl derivative.
19197 phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase complex C Includes phosphoenolpyruvate-protein phosphatase (enzyme I of the phosphotransferase system) and protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-sugar phosphotransferase (enzyme II of the phosphotransferase system).
19198 transmembrane receptor protein phosphatase activity F Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: a phosphoprotein + H2O = a protein + phosphate.
19199 transmembrane receptor protein kinase activity F Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP.
19200 carbohydrate kinase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a carbohydrate substrate molecule.
19201 nucleotide kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + nucleoside monophosphate = ADP + nucleoside diphosphate.
19202 amino acid kinase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to an amino acid substrate.
19203 carbohydrate phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: carbohydrate phosphate + H2O = carbohydrate + phosphate.
19205 nucleobase-containing compound kinase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP or GTP, to a nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide or polynucleotide substrate.
19206 nucleoside kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + nucleoside = ADP + nucleoside monophosphate.
19207 kinase regulator activity F Modulates the activity of a kinase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.
19208 phosphatase regulator activity F Modulates the activity of a phosphatase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the removal of a phosphate group from a substrate molecule.
19209 kinase activator activity F Binds to and increases the activity of a kinase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.
19210 kinase inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a kinase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.
19211 phosphatase activator activity F Increases the activity of a phosphatase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the removal of a phosphate group from a substrate molecule.
19212 phosphatase inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a phosphatase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the removal of a phosphate group from a substrate molecule.
19213 deacetylase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of an acetyl group or groups from a substrate molecule.
19215 intermediate filament binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an intermediate filament, a distinct elongated structure, characteristically 10 nm in diameter, that occurs in the cytoplasm of higher eukaryotic cells. Intermediate filaments form a fibrous system, composed of chemically heterogeneous subunits and involved in mechanically integrating the various components of the cytoplasmic space.
19216 regulation of lipid metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids.
19217 regulation of fatty acid metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids.
19218 regulation of steroid metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids.
19219 regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process P Any cellular process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.
19220 regulation of phosphate metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphates.
19221 cytokine-mediated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a cytokine to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
19222 regulation of metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism.
19226 transmission of nerve impulse P The neurological system process in which a signal is transmitted through the nervous system by a combination of action potential propagation and synaptic transmission.
19227 neuronal action potential propagation P The propagation of an action potential along an axon, away from the soma.
19228 neuronal action potential P An action potential that occurs in a neuron.
19229 regulation of vasoconstriction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels.
19230 proprioception P The series of events by which an organism senses the position, location, orientation, and movement of the body and its parts. Proprioception is mediated by proprioceptors, sensory nerve terminals found in muscles, tendons, and joint capsules, which give information concerning movements and position of the body. The receptors in the labyrinth are sometimes also considered proprioceptors.
19231 perception of static position P The perception of the orientation of different parts of the body with respect to one another.
19232 perception of rate of movement P The series of events by which an organism senses the speed and direction of movement of the body and its parts.
19233 sensory perception of pain P The series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Pain is medically defined as the physical sensation of discomfort or distress caused by injury or illness, so can hence be described as a harmful stimulus which signals current (or impending) tissue damage. Pain may come from extremes of temperature, mechanical damage, electricity or from noxious chemical substances. This is a neurological process.
19234 sensory perception of fast pain P The series of events required for an organism to receive a fast pain stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. Fast pain is often subjectively described as a sharp or stabbing pain; in humans, the signals from a fast pain stimulus are perceived and relayed along myelinated A-delta fibers to the central nervous system, reaching their target in about 0.1 seconds.
19235 sensory perception of slow pain P The series of events required for an organism to receive a slow pain stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. Slow pain is often subjectively described as an aching or throbbing pain; in humans, the signals from a slow pain stimulus are perceived and relayed along unmyelinated C fibers to the central nervous system, reaching their target in about 1 second. Slow pain is often associated with tissue destruction.
19236 response to pheromone P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pheromone stimulus.
19237 centromeric DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a centromere, a region of chromosome where the spindle fibers attach during mitosis and meiosis.
19238 cyclohydrolase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any non-peptide carbon-nitrogen bond in a cyclic amidine, a compound of the form R-C(=NH)-NH2, in a reaction that involves the opening of a ring.
19239 deaminase activity F Catalysis of the removal of an amino group from a substrate, producing ammonia (NH3).
19240 citrulline biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of citrulline, N5-carbamoyl-L-ornithine, an alpha amino acid not found in proteins.
19241 citrulline catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of citrulline, N5-carbamoyl-L-ornithine, an alpha amino acid not found in proteins.
19242 methylglyoxal biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methylglyoxal, CH3-CO-CHO, the aldehyde of pyruvic acid.
19243 methylglyoxal catabolic process to D-lactate via S-lactoyl-glutathione P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylglyoxal, CH3-CO-CHO, into D-lactate via the intermediate S-lactoyl-glutathione. Glutathione is used in the first step of the pathway and then regenerated in the second step.
19244 lactate biosynthetic process from pyruvate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactate from other compounds, including pyruvate.
19245 D(-)-lactate biosynthetic process from pyruvate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D(-)-lactate from other compounds, including pyruvate.
19246 L(+)-lactate biosynthetic process from pyruvate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L(+)-lactate from other compounds, including pyruvate.
19247 lactate racemization P Partial conversion of one lactate enantiomer into another so that the specific optical rotation is decreased, or even reduced to zero, in the resulting mixture.
19248 D-lactate biosynthetic process from methylglyoxal via (R)-lactaldehyde P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-lactate from methylglyoxal, via the intermediate (R)-lactaldehyde.
19249 lactate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactate, the anion of lactic acid.
19250 aerobic cobalamin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cobalamin (vitamin B12) in the presence of oxygen.
19251 anaerobic cobalamin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cobalamin (vitamin B12) in the absence of oxygen.
19252 starch biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of starch, the most important reserve polysaccharide in plants.
19253 reductive pentose-phosphate cycle P The fixation of carbon dioxide (CO2) as glucose in the chloroplasts of C3 plants; uses ATP and NADPH formed in the light reactions of photosynthesis; carbon dioxide reacts with ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (catalyzed by the function of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase) to yield two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate; these are then phosphorylated by ATP to 1,3-bisphosphateglyceraldehyde which, in turn, is then reduced by NADPH to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. The glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is converted to fructose 5-phosphate and ribulose 5-phosphate by aldolase and other enzymes; the ribulose 5-phosphate is phosphorylated by ATP to ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate.
19254 carnitine metabolic process, CoA-linked P The chemical reactions and pathways involving carnitine, where metabolism is linked to CoA.
19255 glucose 1-phosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose 1-phosphate, a monophosphorylated derivative of glucose with the phosphate group attached to C-1.
19256 acrylonitrile catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acrylonitrile, a colorless, volatile liquid with a pungent odor. Acrylonitrile is used in the production of acrylic fibers, plastics, and synthetic rubbers.
19257 4-nitrotoluene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-nitrotoluene, 1-methyl-4-nitrobenzene. It is a light yellow liquid with a weak aromatic odor.
19258 4-nitrotoluene catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 4-nitrotoluene, 1-methyl-4-nitrobenzene.
19260 1,2-dichloroethane catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1,2-dichloroethane, a major commodity chemical used, for example, in the manufacture of vinyl chloride.
19261 1,4-dichlorobenzene catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1,4-dichlorobenzene (p-dichlorobenzene or paramoth), a derivative of benzene with two chlorine atoms attached at opposite positions on the ring.
19262 N-acetylneuraminate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N-acetylneuraminate, the anion of 5-(acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-3-ulosonic acid.
19263 adamantanone catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of adamantanone, tricyclo(3.3.1.13,7)decanone, a white crystalline solid used as an intermediate for microelectronics in the production of photoresists.
19264 glycine biosynthetic process from serine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycine from other compounds, including serine.
19265 glycine biosynthetic process, by transamination of glyoxylate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycine by the transamination of glyoxylate.
19266 asparagine biosynthetic process from oxaloacetate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of asparagine from other compounds, including oxaloacetate.
19267 asparagine biosynthetic process from cysteine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of asparagine from other compounds, including cysteine.
19270 aerobactin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aerobactin (C22H36N4O13), a hydroxamate iron transport compound. It is a conjugate of 6-(N-acetyl-N-hydroxylamine)-2-aminohexanoic acid and citric acid.
19271 aerobactin transport P The directed movement of the hydroxamate iron transport compound aerobactin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Aerobactin (C22H36N4O13) is a conjugate of 6-(N-acetyl-N-hydroxylamine)-2-aminohexanoic acid and citric acid.
19272 L-alanine biosynthetic process from pyruvate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alanine from other compounds, including pyruvate.
19273 L-alanine biosynthetic process via ornithine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-alanine, via the intermediate ornithine.
19276 UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylgalactosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
19277 UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylgalactosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
19278 UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylgalactosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
19279 L-methionine biosynthetic process from L-homoserine via cystathionine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine from other compounds, including L-homoserine, via the intermediate cystathionine.
19280 L-methionine biosynthetic process from homoserine via O-acetyl-L-homoserine and cystathionine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methionine from other compounds, including homoserine, via the intermediates O-acetyl-L-homoserine and cystathionine.
19281 L-methionine biosynthetic process from homoserine via O-succinyl-L-homoserine and cystathionine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine from other compounds, including homoserine, via the intermediates O-succinyl-L-homoserine and cystathionine.
19283 L-methionine biosynthetic process from O-phospho-L-homoserine and cystathionine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine from other compounds, including O-phospho-L-homoserine and cystathionine.
19284 L-methionine salvage from S-adenosylmethionine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine from S-adenosylmethionine.
19285 glycine betaine biosynthetic process from choline P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of betaine (N-trimethylglycine) from the oxidation of choline.
19286 glycine betaine biosynthetic process from glycine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycine betaine from other compounds, including glycine.
19287 isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate, via the intermediate mevalonate. This pathway converts acetate, in the form of acetyl-CoA, to isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP), the fundamental unit in isoprenoid biosynthesis, through a series of mevalonate intermediates.
19288 isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate by the mevalonate-independent pathway. Isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) is the fundamental unit in isoprenoid biosynthesis and is biosynthesized from pyruvate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate via intermediates, including 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate.
19289 rhizobactin 1021 biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of rhizobactin 1021, (E)-4-((3-(acetylhydroxyamino)propyl)-amino)-2-hydroxy-(2-(2-(3-(hydroxy(1-oxo-2-decenyl)amino)propyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid, a siderophore produced by Sinorhizobium meliloti.
19290 siderophore biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of siderophores, low molecular weight Fe(III)-chelating substances made by aerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacteria, especially when growing under iron deficient conditions. The complexes of Fe(3+)-siderophores have very high stability constants and are taken up by specific transport systems by microorganisms; the subsequent release of iron requires enzymatic action.
19292 tyrosine biosynthetic process from chorismate via 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tyrosine from other compounds, including chorismate, via the intermediate 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate.
19293 tyrosine biosynthetic process, by oxidation of phenylalanine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tyrosine by the oxidation of phenylalanine.
19294 keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid, an acidic sugar present in lipopolysaccharides of the outer membranes of some Gram-negative bacteria.
19295 coenzyme M biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of coenzyme M (2-thioethansulfonate), a coenzyme involved in the utilization of methane by methanogenic prokaryotes.
19296 coenzyme M metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzyme M (2-thioethansulfonate), a coenzyme involved in the utilization of methane by methanogenic prokaryotes.
19297 coenzyme B metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzyme B (7-mercaptoheptanoylthreonine phosphate), a coenzyme involved in the utilization of methane by methanogenic prokaryotes.
19298 coenzyme B biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of coenzyme B (7-mercaptoheptanoylthreonine phosphate), a coenzyme involved in the utilization of methane by methanogenic prokaryotes.
19299 rhamnose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving rhamnose, the hexose 6-deoxy-L-mannose. Rhamnose occurs commonly as a compound of plant glycosides, in polysaccharides of gums and mucilages, and in bacterial polysaccharides. It is also a component of some plant cell wall polysaccharides and frequently acts as the sugar components of flavonoids.
19300 rhamnose biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of rhamnose, the hexose 6-deoxy-L-mannose.
19301 rhamnose catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of rhamnose, the hexose 6-deoxy-L-mannose.
19302 D-ribose biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-ribose, (ribo-pentose).
19303 D-ribose catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-ribose (ribo-pentose).
19304 anaerobic rhamnose catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of rhamnose, the hexose 6-deoxy-L-mannose, that occurs in the absence of oxygen.
19305 dTDP-rhamnose biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dTDP-rhamnose, a substance composed of rhamnose in glycosidic linkage with deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate.
19306 GDP-D-rhamnose biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-D-rhamnose, a substance composed of rhamnose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.
19307 mannose biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mannose, the aldohexose manno-hexose, the C-2 epimer of glucose.
19308 dTDP-mannose biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dTDP-mannose, a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate.
19309 mannose catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mannose, the aldohexose manno-hexose, the C-2 epimer of glucose.
19310 inositol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of inositol, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, a growth factor for animals and microorganisms.
19311 sorbose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving sorbose, the ketohexose xylo-2-hexulose. Sorbose is produced commercially by fermentation and is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of ascorbic acid.
19312 L-sorbose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving sorbose, the L-enantiomer of the ketohexose xylo-2-hexulose. L-sorbose is formed by bacterial oxidation of sorbitol.
19313 allose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving allose, allo-hexose, an aldohexose similar to glucose, differing only in the configuration of the hydroxyl group of C-3.
19314 D-allose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-allose, the D-enantiomer of allo-hexose, an aldohexose similar to glucose.
19315 D-allose biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-allose, the D-enantiomer of allo-hexose, an aldohexose similar to glucose.
19316 D-allose catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-allose, the D-enantiomer of allo-hexose, an aldohexose similar to glucose.
19317 fucose catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fucose (6-deoxygalactose).
19318 hexose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a hexose, any monosaccharide with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.
19319 hexose biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hexose, any monosaccharide with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.
19320 hexose catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hexose, any monosaccharide with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.
19321 pentose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pentose, any monosaccharide with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.
19322 pentose biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pentose, any monosaccharide with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.
19323 pentose catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pentose, any monosaccharide with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.
19324 L-lyxose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-lyxose, the L-enantiomer of aldopentose lyxo-pentose, the C-2 epimer of xylose.
19325 anaerobic fructose catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructose that occurs in the absence of oxygen.
19326 nitrotoluene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrotoluene, any methylbenzene molecule with NO2 group(s) attached.
19327 lead sulfide oxidation P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of lead sulfide to lead sulfate.
19328 anaerobic gallate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gallate, the anion of gallic acid, in the absence of oxygen.
19329 ammonia oxidation P The chemical reactions and pathways by which ammonia or ammonium is converted to molecular nitrogen or another nitrogen compound, with accompanying loss of electrons.
19330 aldoxime metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving aldoximes, compounds derived by the reaction of an aldose with hydroxylamine, thus containing the aldoxime group -HC=NOH.
19331 anaerobic respiration, using ammonium as electron donor P The oxidation of ammonium (NH4) to nitrogen (N2) in the absence of oxygen, using nitrite (NO2) as the electron acceptor. It is suggested that hydroxylamine and ammonium are combined to yield hydrazine, which is subsequently oxidized to N2.
19332 aerobic respiration, using nitrite as electron donor P The oxidation of nitrite (NO2) to nitrate (NO3), using oxygen (O2) as the electron acceptor. Nitrite oxidation is the final step in nitrification, the oxidation of ammonia to nitrate, and nitrite oxidoreductase (NOR) is the key enzyme complex that catalyzes the conversion of nitrite to nitrate in nitrite oxidizing species.
19333 denitrification pathway P The reduction of nitrate to dinitrogen by four reactions; each intermediate is transformed to the next lower oxidation state; also part of cellular bioenergetics; the nitrogen compounds can serve as terminal acceptors for electron transport phosphorylation in place of oxygen.
19334 p-cymene catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of p-cymene, 1-methyl-4-isopropylbenzene, one of the alkyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbons found in volatile oils from over 100 plants.
19335 3-methylquinoline catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-methylquinoline, C10H9N, an aromatic compound composed of a benzene ring and a heterocyclic N-containing ring.
19336 phenol-containing compound catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring.
19337 tetrachloroethylene catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tetrachloroethylene, a derivative of ethene with the hydrogen atoms replaced by chlorines.
19338 pentachlorophenol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pentachlorophenol, a chlorinated insecticide and fungicide used primarily to protect timber from fungal rot and wood boring insects. Pentachlorophenol is significantly toxic to mammals, plants, and many microorganisms.
19339 parathion catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of parathion, a highly toxic organophosphate compound. Degradation of parathion by sunlight or liver enzymes can result in the formation of the active compound paraoxon which interferes with the nervous system through cholinesterase inhibition.
19340 dibenzofuran catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dibenzofuran, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by one ether bond and one carbon-carbon bond.
19341 dibenzo-p-dioxin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dibenzo-p-dioxin, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by two ether bonds.
19342 trypanothione biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of trypanothione (N1,N6,-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine) in two steps from glutathione and spermidine via an N1- or N8-glutathionylspermidine intermediate. Trypanothione appears to be an essential redox intermediate in intracellular thiol redox regulation. It also plays a role in protecting against oxidative stress.
19343 cysteine biosynthetic process via cystathionine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cysteine, via the intermediate cystathionine.
19344 cysteine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cysteine, 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid.
19345 cysteine biosynthetic process via S-sulfo-L-cysteine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cysteine, via the intermediate S-sulfo-L-cysteine.
19346 transsulfuration P The interconversion of homocysteine and cysteine via cystathionine. In contrast with enteric bacteria and mammals, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has two transsulfuration pathways employing two separate sets of enzymes.
19347 GDP-alpha-D-mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-alpha-D-mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol, a substance composed of mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.
19348 dolichol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving dolichols, any 2,3-dihydropolyprenol derived from four or more linked isoprene units.
19349 ribitol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving ribitol, a pentitol derived formally by reduction of the -CHO group of either D- or L-ribose. It occurs free in some plants and is a component of riboflavin.
19350 teichoic acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of teichoic acid, any polymer occurring in the cell wall, membrane or capsule of Gram-positive bacteria and containing chains of glycerol phosphate or ribitol phosphate residues.
19351 dethiobiotin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dethiobiotin, a derivative of biotin in which the sulfur atom has been replaced by two hydrogen atoms.
19352 protoporphyrinogen IX biosynthetic process from glycine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of protoporphyrinogen IX from other compounds, including glycine.
19353 protoporphyrinogen IX biosynthetic process from glutamate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of protoporphyrinogen IX from other compounds, including glutamate.
19354 siroheme biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of siroheme, a tetrahydroporphyrin with adjacent, reduced pyrrole rings.
19355 nicotinamide nucleotide biosynthetic process from aspartate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide nucleotide from other compounds, including aspartate.
19356 nicotinate nucleotide biosynthetic process from tryptophan P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinate nucleotide from other compounds, including tryptophan.
19357 nicotinate nucleotide biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide nucleotides, any nucleotide that contains combined nicotinate (pyridine 3-carboxylic acid).
19358 nicotinate nucleotide salvage P The generation of nicotinate nucleotide without de novo synthesis.
19359 nicotinamide nucleotide biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide nucleotides, any nucleotide that contains combined nicotinamide.
19360 nicotinamide nucleotide biosynthetic process from niacinamide P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide nucleotide from other compounds, including niacinamide.
19361 2'-(5''-triphosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 2'-(5''-triphosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A.
19362 pyridine nucleotide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyridine nucleotide, a nucleotide characterized by a pyridine derivative as a nitrogen base.
19363 pyridine nucleotide biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyridine nucleotide, a nucleotide characterized by a pyridine derivative as a nitrogen base.
19364 pyridine nucleotide catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pyridine nucleotide, a nucleotide characterized by a pyridine derivative as a nitrogen base.
19365 pyridine nucleotide salvage P Any process that generates a pyridine nucleotide, a nucleotide characterized by a pyridine derivative as a nitrogen base, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis.
19367 fatty acid elongation, saturated fatty acid P Elongation of a saturated fatty acid chain.
19368 fatty acid elongation, unsaturated fatty acid P Elongation of a fatty acid chain into which one or more C-C double bonds have been introduced.
19369 arachidonic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving arachidonic acid, a straight chain fatty acid with 20 carbon atoms and four double bonds per molecule. Arachidonic acid is the all-Z-(5,8,11,14)-isomer.
19370 leukotriene biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of leukotriene, a pharmacologically active substance derived from a polyunsaturated fatty acid, such as arachidonic acid.
19371 cyclooxygenase pathway P The chemical reactions and pathways by which prostaglandins are formed from arachidonic acid, and in which prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (cyclooxygenase) catalyzes the committed step in the conversion of arachidonic acid to the prostaglandin-endoperoxides PGG2 and PGH2.
19372 lipoxygenase pathway P The chemical reactions and pathways by which an unsaturated fatty acid (such as arachidonic acid or linolenic acid) is converted to other compounds, and in which the first step is hydroperoxide formation catalyzed by lipoxygenase.
19373 epoxygenase P450 pathway P The chemical reactions and pathways by which arachidonic acid is converted to other compounds including epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids.
19374 galactolipid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactolipids, any glycolipid containing one of more residues of galactose and/or N-acetylgalactosamine.
19375 galactolipid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactolipids, any glycolipid containing one of more residues of galactose and/or N-acetylgalactosamine.
19376 galactolipid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactolipids, any glycolipid containing one of more residues of galactose and/or N-acetylgalactosamine.
19377 glycolipid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycolipid, a class of 1,2-di-O-acylglycerols joined at oxygen 3 by a glycosidic linkage to a carbohydrate part (usually a mono-, di- or tri-saccharide).
19379 sulfate assimilation, phosphoadenylyl sulfate reduction by phosphoadenylyl-sulfate reductase (thioredoxin) P The pathway by which inorganic sulfate is processed and incorporated into sulfated compounds, where the phosphoadenylyl sulfate reduction step is catalyzed by the enzyme phosphoadenylyl-sulfate reductase (thioredoxin) (EC:1.8.4.8).
19380 3-phenylpropionate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-phenylpropionate, the anion of phenylpropanoic acid.
19381 atrazine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of atrazine, a triazine ring-containing herbicide.
19382 carbon tetrachloride catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbon tetrachloride, a toxic, carcinogenic compound which is used as a general solvent in industrial degreasing operations. It is also used as grain fumigant and a chemical intermediate in the production of refrigerants.
19383 (+)-camphor catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (+)-camphor, a bicyclic monoterpene ketone.
19384 caprolactam catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of caprolactam, hexahydro-2h-azepin-2-one, a cyclic amide of caproic acid.
19385 methanogenesis, from acetate P The formation of methane, a colorless, odorless, flammable gas with the formula CH4, from other components, including acetate.
19386 methanogenesis, from carbon dioxide P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methane, a colorless, odorless, flammable gas with the formula CH4, from other compounds, including carbon dioxide (CO2).
19387 methanogenesis, from methanol P The formation of methane, a colorless, odorless, flammable gas with the formula CH4, from other components, including methanol.
19388 galactose catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactose, the aldohexose galacto-hexose.
19389 glucuronoside metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucuronosides, any compound formed by combination in glycosidic linkage of a hydroxy compound with the anomeric carbon atom of a glucuronate.
19390 glucuronoside biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucuronosides, compound composed of a hydroxy compound linked to a glucuronate residue.
19391 glucuronoside catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucuronosides, compound composed of a hydroxy compound linked to a glucuronate residue.
19392 glucarate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucarate, the dianion of glucaric acid, an aldaric acid derived from either glucose or gulose. There are two enantiomers L- and D-glucarate.
19393 glucarate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucarate, the anion of glucaric acid.
19394 glucarate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucarate, the anion of glucaric acid.
19395 fatty acid oxidation P The removal of one or more electrons from a fatty acid, with or without the concomitant removal of a proton or protons, by reaction with an electron-accepting substance, by addition of oxygen or by removal of hydrogen.
19396 gallate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gallate, the anion of gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid).
19397 gallate catabolic process via 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gallate, the anion of gallic acid, via the intermediate 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate.
19398 gallate catabolic process via gallate dioxygenase activity P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gallate, the anion of gallic acid, where the first step is the conversion of gallate to (1E)-4-oxobut-1-ene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate catalyzed by gallate dioxygenase.
19399 cyclohexanol oxidation P The cyclohexanol metabolic process in which cyclohexanol is converted to adipate.
19400 alditol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving alditols, any polyhydric alcohol derived from the acyclic form of a monosaccharide by reduction of its aldehyde or keto group to an alcoholic group.
19401 alditol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alditols, any polyhydric alcohol derived from the acyclic form of a monosaccharide by reduction of its aldehyde or keto group to an alcoholic group.
19402 galactitol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactitol, the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of either D- or L-galactose.
19403 galactitol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactitol, the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of either D- or L-galactose.
19404 galactitol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactitol, the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of either D- or L-galactose.
19405 alditol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alditols, any polyhydric alcohol derived from the acyclic form of a monosaccharide by reduction of its aldehyde or keto group to an alcoholic group.
19406 hexitol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hexitols, any alditol with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.
19407 hexitol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hexitols, any alditol with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.
19408 dolichol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dolichols, any 2,3-dihydropolyprenol derived from four or more linked isoprene units.
19409 aerobic respiration, using ammonia as electron donor P The metabolic process in which ammonia (NH3) is oxidized to nitrite (NO2) in the presence of oxygen; enzymatic reactions convert ammonia to hydrazine, and hydrazine to nitrite.
19410 aerobic respiration, using carbon monoxide as electron donor P The metabolic process in which carbon monoxide (CO) is oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO2) to generate energy. Conservation of energy in this process likely uses sodium ion gradients for ATP synthesis and is coupled to quantitative sulfide methylation.
19411 aerobic respiration, using ferrous ions as electron donor P The metabolic process in which ferrous ions (Fe2+) are oxidized to ferric ions (Fe3+) to generate energy, coupled to the reduction of carbon dioxide.
19412 aerobic respiration, using hydrogen as electron donor P The oxidation of hydrogen (H2) to water (H2O), using oxygen (O2) as the electron acceptor. A hydrogenase enzyme binds H2 and the hydrogen atoms are passed through an electron transfer chain to O2 to form water.
19413 acetate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetate, the anion of acetic acid.
19414 aerobic respiration, using sulfur or sulfate as electron donor P An aerobic respiration process in which a sulfur-containing molecule (hydrogen sulfide, sulfur, sulfite, thiosulfate, and various polythionates) is oxidized.
19415 acetate biosynthetic process from carbon monoxide P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetate from other compounds, including carbon monoxide.
19416 polythionate oxidation P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of thiosulfate to tetrathionate, using cytochrome c as an electron acceptor.
19417 sulfur oxidation P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting the addition of oxygen to elemental sulfur.
19418 sulfide oxidation P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of sulfide to elemental sulfur in a higher oxidation state, or to sulfite or sulfate.
19419 sulfate reduction P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the reduction of sulfate to another sulfur-containing ion or compound such as hydrogen sulfide, adenosine-phosphosulfate (APS) or thiosulfate.
19420 dissimilatory sulfate reduction P The reduction of sulfate to hydrogen sulfide, which acts as a terminal electron acceptor. Sulfate is activated to adenosine-phosphosulfate (APS) which is then reduced to sulfite, which is in turn reduced to hydrogen sulfide.
19422 disproportionation of elemental sulfur P The process in which sulfur compounds with an intermediate oxidation state serve as both electron donors and electron acceptors in an energy-generating redox process. The reaction takes place anaerobically, in light and in the absence of CO2.
19423 sulfur oxidation, ferric ion-dependent P A sulfur oxidation process that proceeds via the reaction catalyzed by sulfur:ferric ion oxidoreductase, and requires the presence of ferric ion (Fe3+).
19424 sulfide oxidation, using siroheme sulfite reductase P A sulfide oxidation process that proceeds via the reaction catalyzed by siroheme sulfite reductase.
19426 bisulfite reduction P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the reduction of sulfate to thiosulfate via bisulfite.
19427 acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from acetate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA from acetate, either directly or via acetylphosphate.
19428 allantoin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of allantoin, (2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)urea.
19429 fluorene catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fluorene, a tricyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon containing a five-membered ring. It is a major component of fossil fuels and their derivatives and is also a by-product of coal-conversion and energy-related industries. It is commonly found in vehicle exhaust emissions, crude oils, motor oils, coal and oil combustion products, waste incineration, and industrial effluents.
19430 removal of superoxide radicals P Any process, acting at the cellular level, involved in removing superoxide radicals (O2-) from a cell or organism, e.g. by conversion to dioxygen (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
19431 acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from ethanol P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA from ethanol via acetaldehyde.
19432 triglyceride biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a triglyceride, any triester of glycerol.
19433 triglyceride catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a triglyceride, any triester of glycerol.
19434 sophorosyloxydocosanoate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving sophorosyloxydocosanoate, 13-sophorosyloxydocosanoate 6',6''-diacetate, an aromatic hydrocarbon.
19435 sophorosyloxydocosanoate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sophorosyloxydocosanoate, 13-sophorosyloxydocosanoate 6',6''-diacetate.
19436 sophorosyloxydocosanoate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sophorosyloxydocosanoate, 13-sophorosyloxydocosanoate 6',6''-diacetate.
19438 aromatic compound biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aromatic compounds, any substance containing an aromatic carbon ring.
19439 aromatic compound catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aromatic compounds, any substance containing an aromatic carbon ring.
19440 tryptophan catabolic process to indole-3-acetate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tryptophan into other compounds, including indole-3-acetate.
19441 tryptophan catabolic process to kynurenine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tryptophan into other compounds, including kynurenine.
19442 tryptophan catabolic process to acetyl-CoA P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tryptophan into other compounds, including acetyl-CoA.
19444 tryptophan catabolic process to catechol P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tryptophan into other compounds, including catechol.
19445 tyrosine catabolic process to fumarate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tyrosine into other compounds, including fumarate.
19446 tyrosine catabolic process to phosphoenolpyruvate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tyrosine into other compounds, including phosphoenolpyruvate.
19447 D-cysteine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-cysteine, (S)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid, which occurs naturally in firefly luciferin.
19448 L-cysteine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-cysteine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid, i.e. (2R)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid.
19449 L-cysteine catabolic process to hypotaurine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-cysteine into other compounds, including hypotaurine.
19450 L-cysteine catabolic process to pyruvate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-cysteine into other compounds, including pyruvate.
19451 L-cysteine catabolic process to pyruvate, using cysteine dioxygenase P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown into pyruvate of L-cystine, catalyzed by the enzyme cysteine dioxygenase (EC:1.13.11.20).
19452 L-cysteine catabolic process to taurine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-cysteine into other compounds, including taurine.
19453 L-cysteine catabolic process via cystine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-cysteine, via the intermediate cystine.
19454 L-cysteine catabolic process via cystine, using glutathione-cystine transhydrogenase P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown, via the compound cystine, of L-cysteine, catalyzed by the enzyme glutathione-cystine transhydrogenase (EC:1.8.4.4).
19455 L-cysteine catabolic process via cystine, using cystine reductase P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown, via the compound cystine, of L-cysteine, catalyzed by the enzyme cystine reductase (EC:1.8.1.6).
19456 L-cysteine catabolic process via cystine, using cysteine transaminase P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown, via the compound cystine, of L-cysteine, catalyzed by the enzyme cysteine transaminase (EC:2.6.1.3).
19457 methionine catabolic process to succinyl-CoA P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methionine into other compounds, including succinyl-CoA.
19458 methionine catabolic process via 2-oxobutanoate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methionine, via the intermediate 2-oxobutanoate.
19460 glutamine catabolic process to fumarate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamine into other compounds, including fumarate.
19461 glutamine catabolic process to fumarate, using glutamate synthase (NADPH) P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamine into fumarate, beginning with the conversion of glutamine to glutamate catalyzed by the enzyme glutamate synthase (NADPH) (EC:1.4.1.13).
19462 glutamine catabolic process to fumarate, using glutaminase P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamine into fumarate, beginning with conversion of glutamine into glutamate catalyzed by the enzyme glutaminase (EC:3.5.1.2).
19463 glycine catabolic process to creatine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycine into other compounds, including creatine.
19464 glycine decarboxylation via glycine cleavage system P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycine by oxidative cleavage to carbon dioxide, ammonia, and a methylene group, mediated by enzymes of the glycine cleavage complex.
19465 aspartate transamidation P The exchange of the amino group of aspartate, the anion derived from aspartic acid, for another amino group.
19466 ornithine catabolic process via proline P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ornithine, via the intermediate proline.
19467 ornithine catabolic process, by decarboxylation P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ornithine by decarboxylation.
19468 nopaline catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nopaline (N-(I-carboxy-4-guanidinobutyl)glutamic acid), a rare amino-acid derivative.
19469 octopine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of octopine (N-(1-carboxy-4-guanidinobutyl)-L-alanine), an amino acid derived opine.
19470 4-hydroxyproline catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 4-hydroxyproline, C5H9NO3, a derivative of the amino acid proline.
19471 4-hydroxyproline metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-hydroxyproline, C5H9NO3, a derivative of the amino acid proline. The presence of hydroxyproline is essential to produce stable triple helical tropocollagen, hence the problems caused by ascorbate deficiency in scurvy. This unusual amino acid is also present in considerable amounts in the major glycoprotein of primary plant cell walls.
19472 4-hydroxyproline biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 4-hydroxyproline, C5H9NO3, a derivative of the amino acid proline.
19473 L-lysine catabolic process to glutarate, by acetylation P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including glutarate, by acetylation.
19474 L-lysine catabolic process to acetyl-CoA P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including acetyl-CoA.
19475 L-lysine catabolic process to acetate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including acetate.
19476 D-lysine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-lysine, the D-enantiomer of lysine; i.e. (2R)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.
19477 L-lysine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine, the L-enantiomer of (S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.
19478 D-amino acid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-amino acids, the D-enantiomers of amino acids.
19479 L-alanine oxidation to D-lactate and ammonia P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-alanine to D-lactate and ammonia.
19480 L-alanine oxidation to pyruvate via D-alanine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-alanine to pyruvate, with D-alanine as an intermediate.
19481 L-alanine catabolic process, by transamination P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-alanine by transamination.
19482 beta-alanine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-alanine (3-aminopropanoic acid), an achiral amino acid and an isomer of alanine. It occurs free (e.g. in brain) and in combination (e.g. in pantothenate) but it is not a constituent of proteins.
19483 beta-alanine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-alanine (3-aminopropanoic acid), an achiral amino acid and an isomer of alanine. It occurs free (e.g. in brain) and in combination (e.g. in pantothenate) but it is not a constituent of proteins.
19484 beta-alanine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-alanine (3-aminopropanoic acid), an achiral amino acid and an isomer of alanine. It occurs free (e.g. in brain) and in combination (e.g. in pantothenate) but it is not a constituent of proteins.
19485 beta-alanine catabolic process to L-alanine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-alanine into other compounds, including L-alanine.
19486 beta-alanine catabolic process to mevalonate semialdehyde, by transamination P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-alanine into other compounds, including mevalonate semialdehyde, by transamination.
19487 anaerobic acetylene catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylene, a colorless, volatile, explosive gas, that occur in the absence of oxygen.
19488 ribitol catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ribitol to form xylulose 5-phosphate. Ribitol is initially converted to D-ribulose, which is phosphorylated to form ribulose 5-phosphate, which is then converted into xylulose 5-phosphate.
19489 methylgallate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving methylgallate, trihydroxymethylbenzoate, the anion of methylgallic acid.
19490 2-aminobenzenesulfonate desulfonation P The removal of the sulfonate group from 2-aminobenzenesulfonate, an aromatic sulfonate used in organic synthesis and in the manufacture of various dyes and medicines.
19491 ectoine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ectoine (1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid), a tetrahydropyrimidine commonly synthesized by halophilic bacteria.
19492 proline salvage P Any process which produces the amino acid proline from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
19493 arginine catabolic process to proline P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including proline.
19495 proline catabolic process to 2-oxoglutarate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proline into other compounds, including 2-oxoglutarate.
19496 serine-isocitrate lyase pathway P A one-carbon metabolic process in which acetyl-CoA is produced from formaldehyde and carbon dioxide.
19497 hexachlorocyclohexane metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving hexachlorocyclohexane, a cyclohexane derivative with 6 chlorine atoms attached to the hexane ring. Hexachlorocyclohexane consists of a mixture of 8 different isomers and was used a commercial insecticide. It is persistent in the environment, causing serious soil pollution.
19498 n-octane oxidation P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of n-octane to octanoyl-CoA.
19499 cyanide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanide, NC-, the anion of hydrocyanic acid. Cyanide is a potent inhibitor of respiration, reacting with the ferric form of cytochrome aa3 and thus blocking the electron transport chain.
19500 cyanide catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyanide, NC-, the anion of hydrocyanic acid. Cyanide is a potent inhibitor of respiration.
19501 arsonoacetate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arsonoacetate, a synthetic, organic compound containing a single arsenic atom.
19502 stachydrine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving stachydrine, N-methylproline methylbetaine, the betaine derivative of L-proline found in alfalfa, chrysanthemum, and citrus plants.
19503 stachydrine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of stachydrine, N-methylproline methylbetaine, the betaine derivative of L-proline.
19504 stachydrine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of stachydrine, N-methylproline methylbetaine, the betaine derivative of L-proline.
19505 resorcinol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving resorcinol (C6H4(OH)2), a benzene derivative with many applications, including dyes, explosives, resins and as an antiseptic.
19506 phenylmercury acetate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenylmercury acetate, an organomercurial compound composed of a mercury atom attached to a benzene ring and an acetate group.
19507 pyridine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyridine, a nitrogenous base (C5H5N) obtained from the distillation of bone oil or coal tar, and by the decomposition of certain alkaloids, as a colorless liquid with a peculiar pungent odor.
19508 2,5-dihydroxypyridine catabolic process to fumarate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,5-dihydroxypyridine to form fumarate. 2,5-dihydroxypyridine is dioxygenated to give maleamate and formate; the maleamate from this reaction is then converted to maleate, which is then isomerized to fumurate.
19509 L-methionine salvage from methylthioadenosine P The generation of L-methionine (2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid) from methylthioadenosine.
19510 S-adenosylhomocysteine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of S-adenosylhomocysteine, forming homocysteine and then methionine.
19511 peptidyl-proline hydroxylation P The hydroxylation of peptidyl-proline to form peptidyl-hydroxyproline.
19512 lactose catabolic process via tagatose-6-phosphate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lactose, via the intermediate tagatose-6-phosphate.
19513 lactose catabolic process, using glucoside 3-dehydrogenase P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lactose, catalyzed by the enzyme glucoside 3-dehydrogenase (EC:1.1.99.13).
19515 lactose catabolic process via UDP-galactose P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lactose, via the intermediate UDP-galactose.
19516 lactate oxidation P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of lactate to other compounds, such as pyruvate, with concomitant loss of electrons.
19517 L-threonine catabolic process to D-lactate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L- threonine (the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid) to form the compound methylglyoxal, which is subsequently converted to D-lactate.
19518 L-threonine catabolic process to glycine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-threonine (the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid) to form to form 2-amino-3-oxobutanoate, which is subsequently converted to glycine.
19519 pentitol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentitols, any alditol with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.
19520 aldonic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving aldonic acid, a monocarboxylic acid with a chain of three or more carbon atoms, derived from an aldose by oxidation of the aldehydic group.
19521 D-gluconate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-gluconate, the anion of D-gluconic acid, the aldonic acid derived from glucose.
19522 ketogluconate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving ketogluconate, the anion of ketogluconic acid, an aldonic acid derived from glucose containing a ketonic carbonyl group.
19523 L-idonate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-idonate, the anion of idonic acid, an aldonic acid derived from L-idose, an aldohexose which is epimeric with D-glucose.
19524 keto-D-gluconate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of keto-D-gluconate, the anion of keto-D-gluconic acid, an aldonic acid derived from glucose.
19525 keto-D-gluconate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving keto-D-gluconate, the anion of keto-D-gluconic acid, an aldonic acid derived from glucose.
19526 pentitol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pentitols, any alditol with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.
19527 pentitol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pentitols, any alditol with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.
19528 D-arabitol catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-arabitol to form xylulose 5-phosphate. D-arabitol is converted into D-xylulose, which is then phosphorylated to form D-xylulose-5-phosphate.
19529 taurine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), a sulphur-containing amino acid derivative important in the metabolism of fats.
19530 taurine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), a sulphur-containing amino acid derivative important in the metabolism of fats.
19531 oxalate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of oxalate from one side of the membrane to the other. Oxalate, or ethanedioic acid, occurs in many plants and is highly toxic to animals.
19532 oxalate transport P The directed movement of oxalate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Oxalate, or ethanedioic acid, occurs in many plants and is highly toxic to animals.
19533 cellobiose transport P The directed movement of cellobiose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Cellobiose, or 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose, is a disaccharide that represents the basic repeating unit of cellulose.
19534 toxin transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of a toxin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. A toxin is a poisonous compound (typically a protein) that is produced by cells or organisms and that can cause disease when introduced into the body or tissues of an organism.
19535 ferric-vibriobactin transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of ferric-vibriobactin ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
19536 vibriobactin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving vibriobactin, the major siderophore produced by Vibrio cholerae.
19537 vibriobactin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vibriobactin, the major siderophore produced by Vibrio cholerae.
19538 protein metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a specific protein, rather than of proteins in general. Includes protein modification.
19539 siderophore biosynthetic process from hydroxamic acid P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a siderophore from other compounds, including hydroxamic acid.
19540 siderophore biosynthetic process from catechol P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a siderophore from other compounds, including catechol.
19541 propionate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving propionate, the anion derived from propionic (propanoic) acid, a carboxylic acid important in the energy metabolism of ruminants.
19542 propionate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of propionate, the anion derived from propionic acid.
19543 propionate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of propionate, the anion derived from propionic acid.
19544 arginine catabolic process to glutamate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including glutamate.
19545 arginine catabolic process to succinate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including succinate.
19546 arginine deiminase pathway P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including ornithine and CO2, using the enzyme arginine deiminase.
19547 arginine catabolic process to ornithine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including ornithine.
19548 arginine catabolic process to spermine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including spermine.
19549 glutamate catabolic process to succinate via succinate semialdehyde P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into succinate, that includes the conversion of 4-aminobutyrate to succinate semialdehyde by the pyruvate-dependent gamma aminobutyrate (GABA) transaminase.
19550 glutamate catabolic process to aspartate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including aspartate.
19551 glutamate catabolic process to 2-oxoglutarate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including 2-oxoglutarate.
19552 glutamate catabolic process via 2-hydroxyglutarate P The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, via the intermediate 2-hydroxyglutarate, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
19553 glutamate catabolic process via L-citramalate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, via the intermediate L-citramalate.
19554 glutamate catabolic process to oxaloacetate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including oxaloacetate.
19555 glutamate catabolic process to ornithine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including ornithine.
19556 histidine catabolic process to glutamate and formamide P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histidine into other compounds, including glutamate and formamide.
19557 histidine catabolic process to glutamate and formate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histidine into other compounds, including glutamate and formate.
19558 histidine catabolic process to 2-oxoglutarate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histidine into other compounds, including 2-oxoglutarate.
19559 histidine catabolic process to imidazol-5-yl-lactate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histidine into other compounds, including imidazol-5-yl-lactate.
19560 histidine catabolic process to hydantoin-5-propionate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histidine into other compounds, including hydantoin-5-propionate.
19561 anaerobic phenylalanine oxidation P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenylalanine under anaerobic conditions; occurs via the intermediates phenylpyruvate and phenylacetaldehyde.
19562 phenylalanine catabolic process to phosphoenolpyruvate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenylalanine into other compounds, including phosphoenolpyruvate.
19563 glycerol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids.
19564 aerobic glycerol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, in the presence of oxygen.
19566 arabinose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving arabinose, arabino-pentose. L-Arabinose occurs both free, for example in the heartwood of many conifers, and in the combined state, as a constituent of plant hemicelluloses, bacterial polysaccharides etc. D-arabinose is a constituent of arabinonucleosides.
19567 arabinose biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of arabinose, arabino-pentose.
19568 arabinose catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arabinose, arabino-pentose.
19569 L-arabinose catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-arabinose into other compounds, including xylulose 5-phosphate.
19570 L-arabinose catabolic process to 2-oxoglutarate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-arabinose into other compounds, including 2-oxoglutarate.
19571 D-arabinose catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-arabinose, the D-enantiomer of arabino-pentose.
19572 L-arabinose catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-arabinose, the L-enantiomer of arabino-pentose.
19573 D-arabinose catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-arabinose to form xylulose 5-phosphate. D-arabinose is converted into D-ribulose, which is phosphorylated to ribulose-5-phosphate, which is isomerized to give D-xylulose-5-phosphate.
19574 sucrose catabolic process via 3'-ketosucrose P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sucrose, which proceeds via the conversion of sucrose to 3'-ketosucrose. 3'-ketosucrose is hydrolyzed to 3-ketoglucose and fructose, and the 3-ketoglucose is then be converted to glucose.
19576 aerobic fructose catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructose that occurs in the presence of oxygen.
19577 aldaric acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving aldaric acid, any dicarboxylic acid formed by oxidation of by the terminal groups of an aldose to carboxyl group.
19578 aldaric acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aldaric acid, any dicarboxylic acid formed by oxidation of by the terminal groups of an aldose to carboxyl group.
19579 aldaric acid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aldaric acid, any dicarboxylic acid formed by oxidation of by the terminal groups of an aldose to carboxyl group.
19580 galactarate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactarate, an anion of galactaric acid, the meso-aldaric acid derived from both D- and L-galactose.
19583 galactonate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactonate, the anion of galactonic acid, an organic acid derived from the sugar galactose.
19584 galactonate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactonate, the anion of galactonic acid.
19585 glucuronate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucuronate, any salt or ester of glucuronic acid, the uronic acid formally derived from glucose by oxidation of the hydroxymethylene group at C-6 to a carboxyl group.
19586 galacturonate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving galacturonate, the anion of galacturonic acid, the uronic acid formally derived from galactose by oxidation of the hydroxymethylene group at C-6 to a carboxyl group.
19588 anaerobic glycerol catabolic process P The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
19589 anaerobic glycerol catabolic process to propane-1,3-diol P The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol into propane-1,3-diol and water.
19590 L-arabitol catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-arabitol to form xylulose 5-phosphate. L-arabitol is converted into L-xylulose, which is then phosphorylated to L-xylulose-5-phosphate. This is converted to D-xylulose-5-phosphate via the intermediate L-ribulose-5-phosphate.
19592 mannitol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mannitol, the alditol derived from D-mannose by reduction of the aldehyde group.
19593 mannitol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mannitol, the alditol derived from D-mannose by reduction of the aldehyde group.
19594 mannitol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannitol, the alditol derived from D-mannose by reduction of the aldehyde group.
19595 non-phosphorylated glucose catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of non-phosphorylated forms of glucose.
19596 mandelate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mandelate, the anion of mandelic acid. Mandelic acid (alpha-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid) is an 8-carbon alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) that is used in organic chemistry and as a urinary antiseptic.
19597 (R)-mandelate catabolic process to benzoate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (R)-mandelate into other compounds, including benzoate.
19598 (R)-mandelate catabolic process to catechol P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (R)-mandelate into other compounds, including catechol.
19599 (R)-4-hydroxymandelate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (R)-4-hydroxymandelate, the anion of (R)-4-hydroxymandelic acid.
19600 toluene oxidation P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the loss of electrons from one or more atoms in toluene.
19601 toluene oxidation via 2-hydroxytoluene P The degradation of toluene to form pyruvate and acetaldehyde; the first step in the pathway is the oxidation of toluene to form 2-hydroxytoluene (o-cresol).
19602 toluene oxidation via 3-hydroxytoluene P The degradation of toluene to form pyruvate and acetaldehyde; the first step in the pathway is the oxidation of toluene to form 3-hydroxytoluene (m-cresol).
19603 toluene oxidation via 4-hydroxytoluene P The degradation of toluene to form p-hydroxybenzoate; the first step in the pathway is the oxidation of toluene to form 4-hydroxytoluene (4-cresol).
19604 toluene oxidation to catechol P The formation from toluene of catechol, dihydroxybenzene, by successive oxidations followed by loss of carbon dioxide (CO2).
19605 butyrate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving any butyrate, the anions of butyric acid (butanoic acid), a saturated, unbranched aliphatic acid.
19606 2-oxobutyrate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-oxobutyrate, the anion of the organic acid 2-oxobutyric acid, which contains a ketone group on carbon 2.
19607 phenylethylamine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenylethylamine, an amine with pharmacological properties similar to those of amphetamine, occurs naturally as a neurotransmitter in the brain, and is present in chocolate and oil of bitter almonds.
19608 nicotine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nicotine, (S)(-)-3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)pyridine.
19609 3-hydroxyphenylacetate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-hydroxyphenylacetate, 1,3-benzenediol monoacetate, also known as resorcinol monoacetate.
19610 3-hydroxyphenylacetate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-hydroxyphenylacetate, 1,3-benzenediol monoacetate, also known as resorcinol monoacetate.
19611 4-toluenecarboxylate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-toluenecarboxylate, 4-methylbenzenecarboxylate, the anion of carboxylic acid attached to a methylbenzene molecule.
19612 4-toluenecarboxylate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 4-toluenecarboxylate, 4-methylbenzenecarboxylate, the anion of carboxylic acid attached to a methylbenzene molecule.
19614 catechol-containing compound catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of catechol-containing compounds. Catechol is a compound containing a pyrocatechol nucleus or substituent.
19615 catechol catabolic process, ortho-cleavage P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of catechol via the ortho-cleavage pathway, in which the catechol aromatic ring is broken between the two carbon atoms bearing hydroxyl groups.
19616 catechol catabolic process, meta-cleavage P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of catechol via the meta-cleavage pathway, in which the catechol aromatic ring is broken between a hydroxylated carbon atom and an adjacent unsubstituted carbon atom.
19617 protocatechuate catabolic process, meta-cleavage P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of protocatechuate, the anion of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, to yield oxaloacetate and pyruvate.
19618 protocatechuate catabolic process, ortho-cleavage P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of protocatechuate, the anion of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, to yield beta-ketoadipate.
19619 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate.
19620 aerobic benzoate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid) that occur in the presence of oxygen.
19621 creatinine catabolic process to formate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of creatinine into other compounds, including formate.
19622 3-(3-hydroxy)phenylpropionate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-(3-hydroxy)phenylpropionate, a hydroxylated derivative of phenylpropionate.
19623 atrazine catabolic process to urea P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of atrazine, a triazine ring-containing herbicide, into urea.
19624 atrazine catabolic process to isopropylamine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of atrazine, a triazine ring-containing herbicide, into isopropylamine.
19625 atrazine catabolic process to cyanuric acid P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of atrazine, a triazine ring-containing herbicide, into cyanuric acid.
19626 short-chain fatty acid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fatty acids with a chain length of less than C6.
19627 urea metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving urea, the water soluble compound O=C-(NH2)2.
19628 urate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of urate, the anion of uric acid, 2,6,8-trioxypurine.
19629 propionate catabolic process, 2-methylcitrate cycle P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of propionate that occurs in the 2-methylcitrate cycle.
19630 quinate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving quinate, the anion of quinic acid. The acid occurs commonly in plants, either free or as esters, and is used as a medicine.
19631 quinate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of quinate, the anion of quinic acid.
19632 shikimate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving shikimate, (3R,4S,5R)--3,4,5-trihydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylate, the anion of shikimic acid. It is an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids.
19633 shikimate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of shikimate, (3R,4S,5R)--3,4,5-trihydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylate, the anion of shikimic acid.
19634 organic phosphonate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphonates, any organic compounds containing one or more C-PO(OH)2 or C-PO(OR)2 (with R=alkyl, aryl) groups. Metabolism of phosphonic acid itself, an inorganic compound without the biochemically relevant C-P bond, is not included.
19635 2-aminoethylphosphonate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-aminoethylphosphonate, also known as ciliatine.
19636 phosphonoacetate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphonoacetate, C2H4PO5, a substance composed of an acetate and a phosphonic acid residue.
19637 organophosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving organophosphates, any phosphate-containing organic compound.
19638 6-hydroxycineole metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 6-hydroxycineole (6-hydroxy-1,8-epoxy-p-menthane), a hydrocarbon with the formula C10H18O2.
19639 6-hydroxycineole catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 6-hydroxycineole (6-hydroxy-1,8-epoxy-p-menthane), a hydrocarbon with the formula C10H18O2.
19640 glucuronate catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucuronate into other compounds, including xylulose 5-phosphate.
19643 reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle P A pathway leading to the fixation of two molecules of CO2 and the production of one molecule of acetyl-CoA; essentially the oxidative TCA cycle running in reverse. Acetyl-CoA is reductively carboxylated to pyruvate, from which all other central metabolites can be formed. Most of the enzymes of reductive and oxidative TCA cycle are shared, with the exception of three key enzymes that allow the cycle to run in reverse: ATP citrate lyase, 2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, and fumarate reductase. 2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase catalyzes the carboxylation of succinyl-CoA to 2-oxoglutarate, ATP citrate lyase the ATP-dependent cleavage of citrate to acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate, and fumarate reductase the reduction of fumarate forming succinate.
19645 anaerobic electron transport chain P A process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors such as NADH and FADH2 to any of several different terminal electron acceptors other than oxygen to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.
19646 aerobic electron transport chain P A process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors such as NADH and FADH2 to oxygen to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.
19647 formaldehyde assimilation via ribulose monophosphate cycle P The pathway in which formaldehyde is used as a carbon source in the ribulose monophosphate cycle. Methanotrophic bacteria produce formaldehyde from the oxidation of methane and methanol, and then assimilate it via the ribulose monophosphate cycle to form intermediates of the central metabolic routes that are subsequently used for biosynthesis of cell material. Three molecules of formaldehyde are assimilated, forming a three-carbon intermediate of central metabolism; in this pathway, all cellular carbon is assimilated at the oxidation level of formaldehyde.
19648 formaldehyde assimilation via xylulose monophosphate cycle P The pathway in which formaldehyde is used as a carbon source in the xylulose monophosphate cycle. Methylotrophic yeasts, but not bacteria, utilize the xylulose monophosphate cycle to fix formaldehyde and convert it into metabolically useful organic compounds.
19649 formaldehyde assimilation P The pathways in which formaldehyde is processed and used as a carbon source for the cell.
19650 glycolytic fermentation to butanediol P The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose into butanediol; effected by some members of the Enterobacteriaceae, e.g. Enterobacter, Erwinia, Klebsiella, and Serratia.
19651 citrate catabolic process to diacetyl P The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of citrate to diacetyl, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
19652 lactate fermentation to propionate and acetate P The anaerobic enzymatic conversion of lactate to propionate, concomitant with the oxidation of lactate to acetate and CO2 and yielding energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
19653 anaerobic purine nucleobase catabolic process P The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleobases, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
19654 acetate fermentation P The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
19655 glycolytic fermentation to ethanol P The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose; it is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide (CO2), producing two molecules of ATP for each molecule of glucose.
19656 glucose catabolic process to D-lactate and ethanol P The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the enzymatic breakdown of D-glucose to D-lactate and ethanol, yielding energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) at the rate of one ATP per glucose molecule.
19657 glycolytic fermentation to propionate P Glycolytic fermentation resulting in the catabolism of glucose to propionate, yielding energy in the form of ATP; an alternative to the acrylate pathway to produce propionate.
19658 glucose fermentation to lactate and acetate P The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose to lactate and acetate, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
19659 glucose catabolic process to lactate P The anaerobic enzymatic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose to lactate, and possibly ethanol, yielding energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
19660 glycolytic fermentation P Fermentation that includes the anaerobic conversion of glucose to pyruvate via the glycolytic pathway.
19661 glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate P The anaerobic enzymatic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose to lactate, via canonical glycolysis, yielding energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
19662 non-glycolytic fermentation P Fermentation that does not include the anaerobic conversion of glucose to pyruvate via the glycolytic pathway.
19664 mixed acid fermentation P The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose into ethanol, lactate, formate, succinate, and acetate, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
19665 anaerobic amino acid catabolic process P The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
19666 nitrogenous compound fermentation P The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nitrogen-containing compound, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
19667 anaerobic L-alanine catabolic process P The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-alanine, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
19668 anaerobic catabolism of pairs of amino acids P The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids; in these reactions, one amino acid is oxidised (acts as an electron donor) and a different amino acid is reduced (acts as an electron acceptor); oxidation of the electron-donating amino acid yields energy in the form of ATP.
19669 anaerobic glycine catabolic process P The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycine, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
19670 anaerobic glutamate catabolic process P The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
19671 glutamate catabolic process via mesaconate and citramalate P The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate via the intermediates mesaconate and S-citramalate, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
19672 ethanol-acetate fermentation to butyrate and caproate P The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ethanol and acetate to butyrate and caproate, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
19673 GDP-mannose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving GDP-mannose, a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.
19674 NAD metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid.
19676 ammonia assimilation cycle P The pathway by which ammonia is processed and incorporated into a cell. In an energy-rich (glucose-containing), nitrogen-poor environment, glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase form an ammonia assimilatory cycle, in which ammonia is incorporated into L-glutamate to form L-glutamine, which then combines with alpha-ketoglutarate to regenerate L-glutamate. This ATP-dependent cycle is essential for nitrogen-limited growth and for steady-state growth with some sources of nitrogen.
19677 NAD catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid; catabolism may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.
19678 propionate metabolic process, methylmalonyl pathway P The chemical reactions and pathways involving propionate that occur in the methylmalonyl pathway.
19679 propionate metabolic process, methylcitrate cycle P The chemical reactions and pathways involving propionate that occur in the methylcitrate cycle.
19680 L-methylmalonyl-CoA biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methylmalonyl-CoA, the L-enantiomer of 2-carboxypropanoyl-CoA.
19681 acetyl-CoA assimilation pathway P The pathways by which acetyl-CoA is processed and converted into alpha-ketoglutarate (2-oxoglutarate); methanogenic archaea use these pathways to assimilate acetyl-CoA into the cell.
19682 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, an important intermediate in glycolysis.
19683 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, an important intermediate in glycolysis.
19684 photosynthesis, light reaction P The light reactions of photosynthesis, which take place in photosystems II and I. Light energy is harvested and used to power the transfer of electrons among a series of electron donors and acceptors. The final electron acceptor is NADP+, which is reduced to NADPH. NADPH generated from light reactions is used in sugar synthesis in dark reactions. Light reactions also generate a proton motive force across the thylakoid membrane, and the proton gradient is used to synthesize ATP. There are two chemical reactions involved in the light reactions: water oxidation in photosystem II, and NADP reduction in photosystem I.
19685 photosynthesis, dark reaction P A complex cycle of enzyme-mediated reactions which catalyzes the reduction of carbon dioxide to sugar. As well as carbon dioxide the cycle requires reducing power in the form of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The reduced NADP (NADPH) and ATP are produced by the 'light' reactions.
19686 purine nucleoside interconversion P The chemical reactions and pathways by which a purine nucleoside is synthesized from another purine nucleoside.
19687 pyruvate biosynthetic process from acetate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyruvate from other compounds, including acetate.
19688 purine deoxyribonucleoside interconversion P The chemical reactions and pathways by which a purine deoxyribonucleoside is synthesized from another purine deoxyribonucleoside.
19689 pyrimidine nucleoside interconversion P The chemical reactions and pathways by which a pyrimidine nucleoside is synthesized from another pyrimidine nucleoside.
19690 pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside interconversion P The chemical reactions and pathways by which a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside is synthesized from another deoxyribopyrimidine nucleoside.
19692 deoxyribose phosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxyribose phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 2-deoxy-erythro-pentose.
19693 ribose phosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving ribose phosphate, any phosphorylated ribose sugar.
19694 alkanesulfonate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving alkanesulfonates, the anion of alkanesulfonic acids, sulfonic acid derivatives containing an aliphatic hydrocarbon group.
19695 choline metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
19696 toluene oxidation via toluene-cis-1,2-dihydrodiol P The degradation of toluene to form pyruvate and acetaldehyde; the first step in the pathway is the oxidation of toluene to form toluene-cis-1,2-dihydrodiol.
19697 L-xylitol catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-xylitol to form xylulose 5-phosphate. L-xylitol is converted into L-xylulose, which is then phosphorylated to L-xylulose-5-phosphate. This is converted to D-xylulose-5-phosphate via the intermediate L-ribulose-5-phosphate.
19698 D-galacturonate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-galacturonate, the D-enantiomer of galacturonate, the anion of galacturonic acid.
19700 organic phosphonate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphonates, any organic compound containing one or more C-PO(OH)2 or C-PO(OR)2 (with R=alkyl, aryl) groups. Catabolism of phosphonic acid itself, an inorganic compound without the biochemically relevant C-P bond, is not included.
19701 peptidyl-arginine N5-methylation P The methylation of peptidyl-arginine on the internal nitrogen-5 (N5) atom (also called delta-nitrogen) to form peptidyl-N5-methyl-L-arginine.
19702 protein-arginine N5-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the delta-nitrogen atom of peptidyl-arginine residues. The reaction is S-adenosyl-L-methionine + [protein]-L-arginine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + [protein]-N5-methyl-L-arginine.
19703 coenzyme A-peptidyl-cysteine covalent linking P The covalent linkage of coenzyme A and peptidyl-cysteine to form L-cysteine coenzyme A disulfide.
19704 peptidyl-S-myristoyl-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine P The modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-myristoyl-L-cysteine.
19705 protein-cysteine S-myristoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a myristoyl group to a sulfur atom on a cysteine residue of a protein molecule.
19706 protein-cysteine S-palmitoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a palmitoyl group to a sulfur atom on the cysteine of a protein molecule.
19707 protein-cysteine S-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to a sulfur atom on the cysteine of a protein molecule.
19708 peptidyl-glycine cholesteryl ester biosynthesis from peptidyl-glycine P The synthesis of peptidyl-glycine cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol ester at the carboxy-terminus of autolytically cleaved proteins.
19709 iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via pentakis-L-cysteinyl L-histidino nickel tetrairon pentasulfide P The incorporation of iron into a nickel-iron-sulfur cluster via pentakis-L-cysteinyl L-histidino nickel tetrairon pentasulfide, found in carbon monoxide dehydrogenase.
19710 peptidyl-asparagine methylation P The methylation of peptidyl-asparagine to form peptidyl-N4-methyl-L-asparagine or peptidyl-N4,N4-dimethyl-L-asparagine.
19711 peptidyl-beta-carboxyaspartic acid biosynthetic process from peptidyl-aspartic acid P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptidyl-beta-carboxyaspartic acid from other compounds, including peptidyl-aspartic acid.
19712 peptidyl-L-glutamic acid 5-methyl ester biosynthetic process from glutamic acid P The methyl esterification of peptidyl-glutamic acid.
19713 peptidyl-L-glutamic acid 5-methyl ester biosynthetic process from glutamine P The coupled methyl esterification and deamidation of peptidyl-glutamine.
19714 peptidyl-glutamine esterification P The addition of an ester group to a glutamine residue in a protein.
19715 peptidyl-aspartic acid hydroxylation to form L-erythro-beta-hydroxyaspartic acid P The hydroxylation of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-L-erythro-beta-hydroxyaspartic acid; catalyzed by peptide-aspartate beta-dioxygenase (EC:1.14.11.16).
19716 N-terminal peptidyl-alanine monomethylation P The monomethylation of the N-terminal alanine of proteins to form the derivative peptidyl-N-methyl-L-alanine.
19720 Mo-molybdopterin cofactor metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving the Mo-molybdopterin cofactor, essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo) ion coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.
19722 calcium-mediated signaling P Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via calcium ions.
19724 B cell mediated immunity P Any process involved with the carrying out of an immune response by a B cell, through, for instance, the production of antibodies or cytokines, or antigen presentation to T cells.
19725 cellular homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state at the level of the cell.
19726 mevaldate reductase (NADPH) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-mevalonate + NADP(+) = H(+) + mevaldate + NADPH.
19727 mevaldate reductase (NAD+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-mevalonate + NAD(+) = H(+) + mevaldate + NADH.
19728 peptidyl-allysine oxidation to 2-aminoadipic acid P The oxidation of allysine to 2-aminoadipic acid.
19729 peptide cross-linking via 2-imino-glutaminyl-5-imidazolinone glycine P The formation of the fluorescent protein FP583 chromophore cross-link from the alpha-carboxyl carbon of residue n, a glutamine, to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+2, a glycine, and a dehydration to form a double bond to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+1. This cross-linking is coupled with a dehydrogenation of residue n+1 to form a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons.
19730 antimicrobial humoral response P An immune response against microbes mediated through a body fluid. Examples of this process are seen in the antimicrobial humoral response of Drosophila melanogaster and Mus musculus.
19731 antibacterial humoral response P An immune response against bacteria mediated through a body fluid. Examples of this process are the antibacterial humoral responses in Mus musculus and Drosophila melanogaster.
19732 antifungal humoral response P An immune response against a fungus mediated through a body fluid. An example of this process is the antifungal humoral response in Drosophila melanogaster.
19736 peptidyl-sarcosine incorporation P The incorporation of sarcosine (N-methylglycine) into non-coded peptides.
19740 nitrogen utilization P A series of processes that forms an integrated mechanism by which a cell or an organism detects the depletion of primary nitrogen source, usually ammonia, and then activates genes to scavenge the last traces of the primary nitrogen source and to transport and metabolize alternative nitrogen sources. The utilization process begins when the cell or organism detects nitrogen levels, includes the activation of genes whose products detect, transport or metabolize nitrogen-containing substances, and ends when nitrogen is incorporated into the cell or organism's metabolism.
19741 pentacyclic triterpenoid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units and 5 carbon rings.
19742 pentacyclic triterpenoid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units and 5 carbon rings.
19743 hopanoid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hopanoids, pentacyclic sterol-like compounds based on the hopane nucleus.
19744 hopanoid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving hopanoids, pentacyclic sterol-like compounds based on the hopane nucleus.
19745 pentacyclic triterpenoid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units and 5 carbon rings.
19746 hopanoid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hopanoids, pentacyclic sterol-like compounds based on the hopane nucleus.
19747 regulation of isoprenoid metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoids.
19748 secondary metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in many of the chemical changes of compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon. In multicellular organisms secondary metabolism is generally carried out in specific cell types, and may be useful for the organism as a whole. In unicellular organisms, secondary metabolism is often used for the production of antibiotics or for the utilization and acquisition of unusual nutrients.
19749 cytoskeleton-dependent cytoplasmic transport, nurse cell to oocyte P The directed movement of substances along cytoskeletal elements, such as microfilaments or microtubules, from a nurse cell to an oocyte.
19750 chloroplast localization P Any process in which a chloroplast is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell. A chloroplast is a chlorophyll-containing plastid found in cells of algae and higher plants.
19751 polyol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a polyol, any alcohol containing three or more hydroxyl groups attached to saturated carbon atoms.
19752 carboxylic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-).
19755 one-carbon compound transport P The directed movement of one-carbon compounds into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
19756 cyanogenic glycoside biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyanogenic glycosides, any glycoside containing a cyano group that is released as hydrocyanic acid on acid hydrolysis; such compounds occur in the kernels of various fruits.
19757 glycosinolate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosinolates, substituted thioglycosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae.
19758 glycosinolate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosinolates, substituted thioglycosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae.
19759 glycosinolate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycosinolates, substituted thioglycosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae.
19760 glucosinolate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucosinolates, substituted thioglucosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae. They are metabolized to a variety of toxic products which are most likely the cause of hepatocytic necrosis in animals and humans.
19761 glucosinolate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosinolates, substituted thioglucosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae.
19762 glucosinolate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucosinolates, substituted thioglucosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae.
19763 immunoglobulin receptor activity F Combining with the Fc region of an immunoglobulin protein and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
19766 IgA receptor activity F Combining with an immunoglobulin of an IgA isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
19767 IgE receptor activity F Combining with an immunoglobulin of the IgE isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
19768 high-affinity IgE receptor activity F Combining with high affinity with an immunoglobulin of the IgE isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
19769 low-affinity IgE receptor activity F Combining with low affinity with an immunoglobulin of the IgE isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
19770 IgG receptor activity F Combining with an immunoglobulin of an IgG isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
19771 high-affinity IgG receptor activity F Combining with high affinity with an immunoglobulin of an IgG isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
19772 low-affinity IgG receptor activity F Combining with low affinity with an immunoglobulin of an IgG isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
19773 proteasome core complex, alpha-subunit complex C The proteasome core subcomplex that constitutes the two outer rings of the proteasome core complex. An example of this component is found in Mus musculus.
19774 proteasome core complex, beta-subunit complex C The proteasome core subcomplex that constitutes the two inner rings of the proteasome core complex. An example of this component is found in Mus musculus.
19775 FAT10 transferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of FAT10 from one protein to another via the reaction X-FAT10 + Y --> Y-FAT10 + X, where both X-FAT10 and Y-FAT10 are covalent linkages.
19776 Atg8 ligase activity F Catalysis of the covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein Atg8 to substrate molecules; phosphatidylethanolamine is a known substrate.
19777 Atg12 transferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of ATG12 from one protein to another via the reaction X-ATG12 + Y --> Y-ATG12 + X, where both X-ATG12 and Y-ATG12 are covalent linkages.
19778 Atg12 activating enzyme activity F Catalysis of the activation of the small ubiquitin-related modifier APG12, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond.
19779 Atg8 activating enzyme activity F Catalysis of the activation of the small ubiquitin-related modifier APG8, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond.
19780 FAT10 activating enzyme activity F Catalysis of the activation of the small ubiquitin-related modifier FAT10, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond.
19781 NEDD8 activating enzyme activity F Catalysis of the initiation of the NEDD8 (RUB1) conjugation cascade.
19782 ISG15 activating enzyme activity F Catalysis of the activation of the small ubiquitin-related modifier ISG15, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond.
19783 ubiquitin-like protein-specific protease activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide or isopeptide bonds within small proteins such as ubiquitin or ubiquitin-like proteins (e.g. APG8, ISG15, NEDD8, SUMO), or between the small protein and a larger protein to which it has been conjugated.
19784 NEDD8-specific protease activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of NEDD8, a small ubiquitin-related modifier, from previously neddylated substrates.
19785 ISG15-specific protease activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ISG15, a small ubiquitin-related modifier, from previously modified substrates.
19786 Atg8-specific protease activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of APG8, a small ubiquitin-related modifier.
19787 ubiquitin-like protein transferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a ubiquitin-like from one protein to another via the reaction X-ULP + Y --> Y-ULP + X, where both X-ULP and Y-ULP are covalent linkages. ULP represents a ubiquitin-like protein.
19788 NEDD8 transferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of NEDD8 from one protein to another via the reaction X-NEDD8 + Y --> Y-NEDD8 + X, where both X-NEDD8 and Y-NEDD8 are covalent linkages.
19789 SUMO transferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of SUMO from one protein to another via the reaction X-SUMO + Y --> Y-SUMO + X, where both X-SUMO and Y-SUMO are covalent linkages.
19797 procollagen-proline 3-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: procollagen L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = procollagen trans-3-hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2.
19798 procollagen-proline dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: procollagen L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = procollagen trans-hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2.
19799 tubulin N-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + (alpha-tubulin) L-lysine = CoA + (alpha-tubulin) N6-acetyl-L-lysine.
19800 peptide cross-linking via chondroitin 4-sulfate glycosaminoglycan P The formation of a cross-link between peptide chains mediated by a chondroitin 4-sulfate glycosaminoglycan that originates from a typical O-glycosidic link to serine of one chain; the other chain is esterified, via the alpha-carbon of its C-terminal Asp, to C-6 of an internal N-acetylgalactosamine of the glycosaminoglycan chain.
19801 cyclization of asparagine involved in intein-mediated protein splicing P The cyclization of asparagine to yield an L-aspartimide (otherwise known as alpha-aminosuccinimide) residue at the C-terminus of an excised intein during protein splicing.
19802 cyclization of glutamine involved in intein-mediated protein splicing P The cyclization of glutamine to yield an L-glutamimide residue at the C-terminus of an excised intein during protein splicing.
19803 peptidyl-aspartic acid carboxylation P The carboxylation of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-L-beta-carboxyaspartic acid.
19805 quinolinate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of quinolinate, the anion of quinolinic acid, also known as 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid.
19806 bromide peroxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 R-H + 2 bromide + hydrogen peroxide = 2 R-Br + 2 H2O. Enzymes with this activity often accept other halide ions as substrates, including chloride and iodide.
19807 aspartoacylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-acyl-L-aspartate + H2O = a fatty acid anion + L-aspartate.
19808 polyamine binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with polyamines, organic compounds containing two or more amino groups.
19809 spermidine binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.
19810 putrescine binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane, the polyamine formed by decarboxylation of ornithine and the metabolic precursor of spermidine and spermine.
19811 cocaine binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cocaine (2-beta-carbomethoxy-3-beta-benzoxytropane), an alkaloid obtained from dried leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca or by chemical synthesis.
19812 Type I site-specific deoxyribonuclease complex C A multisubunit complex composed of two copies of a restriction (R) subunit, two copies of a methylation (M) subunit, and one copy of a specificity (S) subunit. This complex recognizes specific short DNA sequences (through the S subunit), and binds to them. If the recognition site is hemimethylated, the complex acts as a methyltransferase which modifies the recognition site, using S-adenosylmethionine as the methyl donor. Only the M and S subunits are required for this reaction. If the complex binds to an unmethylated recognition site, then the complex translocates the DNA bidirectionally in an ATP-dependent manner. When the translocation is stalled by impact with another complex or unusual DNA structure, the enzyme functions as an endonuclease and cleavage of the DNA will occur, hundreds or thousands of base pairs away from the recognition site. These DNA restriction systems are used by bacteria to defend against phage and other foreign DNA that may enter a cell.
19813 Type III site-specific deoxyribonuclease complex C A heterodimeric enzyme complex composed of two subunits, Res and Mod, that functions as an endonuclease and cleaves DNA. Cleavage will only occur when there are two un-methylated copies of a specific recognition site in an inverse orientation on the DNA. Cleavage occurs at a specific distance away from one of the recognition sites. The Mod subunit can act alone as a methyltansferase. DNA restriction systems such as this are used by bacteria to defend against phage and other foreign DNA that may enter a cell.
19814 immunoglobulin complex C A protein complex that in its canonical form is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds and sometimes complexed with additional proteins. An immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
19815 B cell receptor complex C An immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and that in its canonical form is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.
19817 vesicle fusion with peroxisome P The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle with the lipid bilayer membrane around the peroxisome.
19819 P1 peroxisome C A subform of peroxisome that corresponds to an intermediate in a peroxisome assembly pathway, which operates by conversion of peroxisomal subforms in the direction P1, P2 -> P3 -> P4 -> P5 -> P6. P1 peroxisomes are distinguished from the other subforms on the bases of buoyant density and protein content; they contain fewer peroxisomal proteins than the other subforms.
19820 P2 peroxisome C A subform of peroxisome that corresponds to an intermediate in a peroxisome assembly pathway, which operates by conversion of peroxisomal subforms in the direction P1, P2 -> P3 -> P4 -> P5 -> P6. P2 peroxisomes are distinguished from the other subforms on the bases of buoyant density and protein content; they are the least dense of the subforms observed.
19821 P3 peroxisome C A subform of peroxisome that corresponds to an intermediate in a peroxisome assembly pathway, which operates by conversion of peroxisomal subforms in the direction P1, P2 -> P3 -> P4 -> P5 -> P6. P3 peroxisomes are formed by fusion of P1 and P2 peroxisomes, and are distinguished from the other subforms on the bases of buoyant density and protein content.
19822 P4 peroxisome C A subform of peroxisome that corresponds to an intermediate in a peroxisome assembly pathway, which operates by conversion of peroxisomal subforms in the direction P1, P2 -> P3 -> P4 -> P5 -> P6. P4 peroxisomes are distinguished from the other subforms on the bases of buoyant density and protein content.
19823 P5 peroxisome C A subform of peroxisome that corresponds to an intermediate in a peroxisome assembly pathway, which operates by conversion of peroxisomal subforms in the direction P1, P2 -> P3 -> P4 -> P5 -> P6. P5 peroxisomes are distinguished from the other subforms on the bases of buoyant density and protein content.
19824 P6 peroxisome C A subform of peroxisome that corresponds to an intermediate in a peroxisome assembly pathway, which operates by conversion of peroxisomal subforms in the direction P1, P2 -> P3 -> P4 -> P5 -> P6. P6 peroxisomes are distinguished from the other subforms on the bases of buoyant density and protein content, and are equivalent to mature peroxisomes.
19825 oxygen binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with oxygen (O2).
19826 oxygen sensor activity F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of oxygen (O2).
19827 stem cell population maintenance P The process by which an organism or tissue maintains a population of stem cells of a single type. This can be achieved by a number of mechanisms: stem cell asymmetric division maintains stem cell numbers; stem cell symmetric division increases them; maintenance of a stem cell niche maintains the conditions for commitment to the stem cell fate for some types of stem cell; stem cells may arise de novo from other cell types.
19828 aspartic-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of aspartic-type endopeptidases, enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of nonterminal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain; the optimum reaction pH is below 5 due to an aspartic residue involved in the catalytic process.
19829 cation-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + cation(out) = ADP + phosphate + cation(in).
19834 phospholipase A2 inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of the enzyme phospholipase A2.
19835 cytolysis P The rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm.
19836 hemolysis by symbiont of host erythrocytes P The cytolytic destruction of red blood cells, with the release of intracellular hemoglobin, in the host organism by a symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
19838 growth factor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any growth factor, proteins or polypeptides that stimulate a cell or organism to grow or proliferate.
19840 isoprenoid binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any isoprenoid compound, isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) or compounds containing or derived from linked isoprene (3-methyl-2-butenylene) residues.
19841 retinol binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with retinol, vitamin A1, 2,6,6-trimethyl-1-(9'-hydroxy-3',7'-dimethylnona-1',3',5',7'-tetraenyl)cyclohex-1-ene, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A. Retinol is an intermediate in the vision cycle and it also plays a role in growth and differentiation.
19842 vitamin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body.
19843 rRNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ribosomal RNA.
19852 L-ascorbic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-ascorbic acid, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate; L-ascorbic acid is vitamin C and has co-factor and anti-oxidant activities in many species.
19853 L-ascorbic acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-ascorbic acid; L-ascorbic acid ionizes to give L-ascorbate, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate, which is required as a cofactor in the oxidation of prolyl residues to hydroxyprolyl, and other reactions.
19854 L-ascorbic acid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-ascorbic acid; L-ascorbic acid ionizes to give L-ascorbate, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate, which is required as a cofactor in the oxidation of prolyl residues to hydroxyprolyl, and other reactions.
19855 calcium channel inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of a calcium channel.
19856 pyrimidine nucleobase biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine nucleobases, 1,3-diazine, organic nitrogenous bases.
19857 5-methylcytosine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 5-methylcytosine, a methylated base of DNA.
19858 cytosine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving cytosine, 4-amino-2-hydroxypyrimidine, a pyrimidine derivative that is one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids; it occurs widely in cytidine derivatives.
19859 thymine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving thymine, 5-methyluracil, one of the two major pyrimidine bases present (as thymidine) in DNA but not found in RNA other than (as ribothymidine) in transfer RNA, where it is a minor base.
19860 uracil metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving uracil, 2,4-dioxopyrimidine, one of the pyrimidine bases occurring in RNA, but not in DNA.
19862 IgA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an immunoglobulin of an IgA isotype.
19863 IgE binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an immunoglobulin of the IgE isotype.
19864 IgG binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an immunoglobulin of an IgG isotype.
19865 immunoglobulin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an immunoglobulin.
19866 organelle inner membrane C The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of an organelle envelope; usually highly selective to most ions and metabolites.
19867 outer membrane C The external membrane of Gram-negative bacteria or certain organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts; freely permeable to most ions and metabolites.
19869 chloride channel inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of a chloride channel.
19870 potassium channel inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of a potassium channel.
19871 sodium channel inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of a sodium channel.
19872 streptomycin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of streptomycin, a commonly used antibiotic in cell culture media; it acts only on prokaryotes and blocks transition from initiation complex to chain elongating ribosome.
19874 6-aminohexanoate-cyclic-dimer hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,8-diazacyclotetradecane-2,9-dione + H(2)O = N-(6-aminohexanoyl)-6-aminohexanoate.
19875 6-aminohexanoate-dimer hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-(6-aminohexanoyl)-6-aminohexanoate + H2O = 2 6-aminohexanoate.
19876 nylon catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nylon, a polymer where the main polymer chain comprises recurring amide groups; these compounds are generally formed from combinations of diamines, diacids and amino acids.
19877 diaminopimelate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diaminopimelate, both as an intermediate in lysine biosynthesis and as a component (as meso-diaminopimelate) of the peptidoglycan of Gram-negative bacterial cell walls.
19878 lysine biosynthetic process via aminoadipic acid P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine by the aminoadipic pathway.
19879 peptidyl-thyronine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-tyrosine P The formation of peptidyl-thyronine from peptidyl-tyrosine in thyroglobulin by phenyl transfer coupled with the formation of peptidyl-dehydroalanine.
19882 antigen processing and presentation P The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.
19883 antigen processing and presentation of endogenous antigen P The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.
19884 antigen processing and presentation of exogenous antigen P The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.
19885 antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I P The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.
19886 antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II P The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein.
19887 protein kinase regulator activity F Modulates the activity of a protein kinase, an enzyme which phosphorylates a protein.
19888 protein phosphatase regulator activity F Modulates the activity of a protein phosphatase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the removal of a phosphate group from a protein substrate molecule.
19889 pteridine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving pteridine, pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine), the parent structure of pterins and the pteroyl group.
19894 kinesin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently and stoichiometrically with kinesin, a member of a superfamily of microtubule-based motor proteins that perform force-generating tasks such as organelle transport and chromosome segregation.
19895 kinesin-associated mitochondrial adaptor activity F The activity of linking kinesins, cytoplasmic proteins responsible for moving vesicles and organelles towards the distal end of microtubules, to mitochondria.
19896 axonal transport of mitochondrion P The directed movement of mitochondria along microtubules in nerve cell axons.
19897 extrinsic component of plasma membrane C The component of a plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
19898 extrinsic component of membrane C The component of a membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
19899 enzyme binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any enzyme.
19900 kinase binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group.
19901 protein kinase binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a protein substrate.
19902 phosphatase binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any phosphatase.
19903 protein phosphatase binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein phosphatase.
19904 protein domain specific binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific domain of a protein.
19905 syntaxin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a syntaxin, a SNAP receptor involved in the docking of synaptic vesicles at the presynaptic zone of a synapse.
19907 cyclin-dependent protein kinase activating kinase holoenzyme complex C A cyclin-dependent kinase activating kinase complex capable of activating cyclin-dependent kinases by threonine phosphorylation, thus regulating cell cycle progression. consists of a kinase, cyclin and optional assembly factors, in human CDK7, CCNH and MNAT1. CAK activity is itself regulated throughout the cell cycle by T-loop phosphorylation of its kinase component (CDK7 in human). Phosphorylation of serine residues during mitosis inactivates the enzyme. Also capable of CAK phosphorylating the carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II and other transcription activating proteins, as part of the general transcription factor TFIIH.
19908 nuclear cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex C Cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) complex found in the nucleus.
19909 [pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)] phosphatase regulator activity F Modification of the activity of the enzyme [pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)] phosphatase.
19910 mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) phosphatase complex C A mitochondrial complex of a regulatory and catalytic subunit that catalyzes the dephosphorylation and concomitant reactivation of the alpha subunit of the E1 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. An example of this component is found in Mus musculus.
19911 structural constituent of myelin sheath F The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the myelin sheath of a nerve.
19912 cyclin-dependent protein kinase activating kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein; increases the activity of a cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK).
19914 cyclin-dependent protein kinase activating kinase regulator activity F Modulation of the activity of the enzyme cyclin-dependent protein kinase activating kinase.
19915 lipid storage P The accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of lipids, compounds soluble in organic solvents but insoluble or sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents. Lipid reserves can be accumulated during early developmental stages for mobilization and utilization at later stages of development.
19916 peptidyl-D-alanine racemization, direct P The racemization of peptidyl-alanine.
19917 peptidyl-D-alanine racemization via peptidyl-L-serine P The dehydration of peptidyl-serine, followed by hydrogenation to produce peptidyl-D-alanine.
19918 peptidyl-arginine methylation, to symmetrical-dimethyl arginine P The process of methylation of peptidyl-arginine to form peptidyl-N(omega),N'(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine.
19919 peptidyl-arginine methylation, to asymmetrical-dimethyl arginine P The process of methylation of peptidyl-arginine to form peptidyl-N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine.
19920 peptidyl-1-thioglycine biosynthetic process, internal P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of internal peptidyl-1-thioglycine, which has an internal C=S bond, instead of an internal C=O bond, in the peptide.
19921 peptidyl-1-thioglycine biosynthetic process, carboxy-terminal P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carboxy-terminal peptidyl-1-thioglycine, which has a carboxy-terminal thiocarboxy-C(=O)-SH bond.
19922 protein-chromophore linkage via peptidyl-cysteine P The covalent linking of a chromophore to a protein via peptidyl-cysteines.
19923 alpha-1-microglobulin-chromophore linkage P The covalent linking of the alpha-1-microglobulin chromophore to the protein; the structure of the chromophore is not known. It is probably heterogeneous and involving two cysteines in thioether bonds.
19926 peptidyl-tryptophan oxidation to tryptophyl quinone P The oxidation of peptidyl-tryptophan to form tryptophan-6,7-dione, otherwise known as tryptophyl quinone, which is further modified by cross-linking to either tryptophan or cysteine.
19927 peptide cross-linking via 4'-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-tryptophyl quinone P The cross-linking of a cysteine residue to tryptophyl quinone to form 4'-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-tryptophyl quinone, a cofactor found at the active site of amine dehydrogenase.
19928 peptide cross-linking via 3-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-aspartic acid P The cross-linking of a cysteine residue to an aspartic acid residue to form 3-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-aspartic acid.
19929 peptide cross-linking via 4-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-glutamic acid P The cross-linking of a cysteine residue to a glutamic acid residue to form 4-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-glutamic acid.
19930 cis-14-hydroxy-10,13-dioxo-7-heptadecenoic acid peptidyl-aspartate ester biosynthetic process from peptidyl-aspartic acid P The modification of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-cis-14-hydroxy-10,13-dioxo-7-heptadecenoic acid aspartate ester, typical of the barley lipid transfer protein 1.
19931 protein-chromophore linkage via peptidyl-N6-3-dehydroretinal-L-lysine P The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form N6-3,4-didehydroretinylidene-L-lysine.
19932 second-messenger-mediated signaling P Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via a second messenger; a small molecule or ion that can be quickly generated or released from intracellular stores, and can diffuse within the cell. Second-messenger signaling includes production or release of the second messenger, and effectors downstream of the second messenger that further transmit the signal within the cell.
19933 cAMP-mediated signaling P Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via cyclic AMP (cAMP). Includes production of cAMP, and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell.
19934 cGMP-mediated signaling P Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via cyclic GMP (cGMP). Includes production of cGMP, and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell.
19935 cyclic-nucleotide-mediated signaling P Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via a cyclic nucleotide. Includes production or release of the cyclic nucleotide, and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell.
19937 protein catenane formation via N6-(L-isoaspartyl)-L-lysine, autocatalytic P The autocatalytic formation of isopeptide bonds by ligation of peptidyl-lysine and peptidyl-asparagine residues; known to occur in the capsid of some bacteriophage, such as HK97, where it is thought to provide a mechanism for stabilizing the capsid.
19938 peptide cross-linking via N6-(L-isoaspartyl)-L-lysine, presumed catalytic P The formation of isopeptide bonds by ligation of peptidyl-lysine and peptidyl-asparagine residues; occurs in mammals in proteins as yet unidentified by a mechanism probably analogous to that of transglutaminase reactions.
19939 peptidyl-S-palmitoleyl-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine P The modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-palmitoleyl-L-cysteine specifically.
19941 modification-dependent protein catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent modification of the target protein.
19948 SUMO activating enzyme activity F Catalysis of the activation of the proteolytically processed small ubiquitin-related modifier SUMO, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond.
19950 SMT3-dependent protein catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein SMT3 to the target protein.
19951 Smt3-protein conjugation P The covalent addition to a protein of Smt3, a ubiquitin-like protein.
19953 sexual reproduction P A reproduction process that creates a new organism by combining the genetic material of two organisms. It occurs both in eukaryotes and prokaryotes: in multicellular eukaryotic organisms, an individual is created anew; in prokaryotes, the initial cell has additional or transformed genetic material. In a process called genetic recombination, genetic material (DNA) originating from two different individuals (parents) join up so that homologous sequences are aligned with each other, and this is followed by exchange of genetic information. After the new recombinant chromosome is formed, it is passed on to progeny.
19954 asexual reproduction P The biological process in which new individuals are produced by either a single cell or a group of cells, in the absence of any sexual process.
19955 cytokine binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a cytokine, any of a group of proteins that function to control the survival, growth and differentiation of tissues and cells, and which have autocrine and paracrine activity.
19956 chemokine binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a chemokine. Chemokines are a family of small chemotactic cytokines; their name is derived from their ability to induce directed chemotaxis in nearby responsive cells. All chemokines possess a number of conserved cysteine residues involved in intramolecular disulfide bond formation. Some chemokines are considered pro-inflammatory and can be induced during an immune response to recruit cells of the immune system to a site of infection, while others are considered homeostatic and are involved in controlling the migration of cells during normal processes of tissue maintenance or development. Chemokines are found in all vertebrates, some viruses and some bacteria.
19957 C-C chemokine binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a C-C chemokine; C-C chemokines do not have an amino acid between the first two cysteines of the characteristic four-cysteine motif.
19958 C-X-C chemokine binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a C-X-C chemokine; C-X-C chemokines have a single amino acid between the first two cysteines of the characteristic four cysteine motif.
19959 interleukin-8 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with interleukin-8.
19960 C-X3-C chemokine binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a C-X3-C chemokine; C-X3-C chemokines have three amino acids between the first two cysteines of the characteristic four-cysteine motif.
19961 interferon binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an interferon, a protein produced by the immune systems of many animals in response to a challenge by a foreign agent.
19962 type I interferon binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type I interferon. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, epsilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.
19964 interferon-gamma binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with interferon-gamma. Interferon gamma is the only member of the type II interferon found so far.
19966 interleukin-1 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with interleukin-1.
19969 interleukin-10 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with interleukin-10.
19970 interleukin-11 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with interleukin-11.
19972 interleukin-12 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with interleukin-12.
19973 interleukin-13 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with interleukin-13.
19974 interleukin-14 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with interleukin-14.
19975 interleukin-17 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines.
19976 interleukin-2 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with interleukin-2.
19977 interleukin-21 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with interleukin-21.
19978 interleukin-3 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with interleukin-3.
19979 interleukin-4 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with interleukin-4.
19980 interleukin-5 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with interleukin-5.
19981 interleukin-6 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with interleukin-6.
19982 interleukin-7 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with interleukin-7.
19983 interleukin-9 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with interleukin-9.
19985 translesion synthesis P The replication of damaged DNA by synthesis across a lesion in the template strand; a specialized DNA polymerase or replication complex inserts a defined nucleotide across from the lesion which allows DNA synthesis to continue beyond the lesion. This process can be mutagenic depending on the damaged nucleotide and the inserted nucleotide.
19988 charged-tRNA amino acid modification P The covalent alteration of an amino acid charged on a tRNA before it is incorporated into a protein, as in N-formylmethionine, selenocysteine or pyrrolysine.
19990 pteridine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pteridine, pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine), the parent structure of pterins and the pteroyl group.
19991 septate junction assembly P The assembly of a septate junction, an intercellular junction found in invertebrate epithelia that is characterized by a ladder like appearance in electron micrographs and thought to provide structural strength and to provide a barrier to diffusion of solutes through the intercellular space.
19992 diacylglycerol binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with diacylglycerol, a diester of glycerol and two fatty acids.
20002 host cell plasma membrane C The plasma membrane surrounding a host cell.
20003 symbiont-containing vacuole C Membrane-bounded vacuole within a host cell in which a symbiont organism resides. The vacuole membrane is derived from both the host and symbiont.
20004 symbiont-containing vacuolar space C The space between a symbiont plasma membrane and the symbiont-containing vacuole membrane.
20005 symbiont-containing vacuole membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a symbiont-containing vacuole, derived from both the host and symbiont.
20006 symbiont-containing vacuolar membrane network C Tubular network of extensions from the symbiont-containing vacuole membrane that protrude into the host cytoplasm.
20007 apical complex C A group of cytoskeletal structures and associated membrane-bounded organelles found at the anterior end of adult obligate intracellular protozoan parasites in the phylum Apicomplexa. The apical complex is involved in attachment to and penetration of the host cell, and in parasite proliferation.
20008 rhoptry C A large, club-shaped secretory organelle that forms part of the apical complex of an apicomplexan parasite, and consists of a bulbous body and a narrow electron-dense neck that extends through the conoid at the apical tip of the parasite. The rhoptry necks serve as ducts through which the contents of the rhoptries are secreted after attachment to the host has been completed and at the commencement of invasion. Rhoptry proteins function in the biogenesis and host organellar association of the parasitophorous vacuole.
20009 microneme C A small, elongated secretory organelle that forms part of the apical complex, located along the main axis of an apicomplexan parasite cell within the extreme apical region and at the periphery under the inner membrane complex. Of the specialized secretory compartments identified in apicomplexans, micronemes discharge their contents first, during initial contact of the parasite's apical pole with the host cell surface. Micronemal proteins function during parasite attachment and penetration into the target cell.
20010 conoid C A spiral cytoskeletal structure located at the apical end of the apical complex in some apicomplexan parasites. Fibers form a left-handed spiral, and are comprised of tubulin protofilaments organized in a ribbon-like structure that differs from the conventional tubular structure characteristic of microtubules.
20011 apicoplast C The plastid organelle found in apicomplexans.
20012 evasion or tolerance of host immune response P Any process, either active or passive, by which an organism avoids the effects of the host organism's immune response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
20013 modulation by symbiont of host erythrocyte aggregation P Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte aggregation in its host organism, e.g. the binding of parasite-infected erythrocytes to uninfected erythrocytes.
20014 schizogony P Cell division by multiple fission in which nuclei and other organelles in the parent cell divide repeatedly and move to the cell periphery before internal membranes develop around them, producing a large number of daughter cells simultaneously.
20015 glycosome C A membrane-bounded organelle found in organisms from the order Kinetoplastida that houses the enzymes of glycolysis.
20016 ciliary pocket C Invagination of the plasma membrane from which a cilium (also called flagellum) protrudes.
20018 ciliary pocket membrane C That part of the plasma membrane found in the ciliary pocket (also called flagellar pocket).
20020 food vacuole C Vacuole within a parasite used for digestion of the host cell cytoplasm. An example of this component is found in the Apicomplexa.
20021 immortalization of host cell P The modification of a host cell into an immortal cell line as a consequence of infection. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
20022 acidocalcisome C An electron-dense acidic membrane-bounded organelle which contains a matrix of pyrophosphate and polyphosphates with bound calcium and other cations.
20023 kinetoplast C A sub-structure within the large single mitochondrion of kinetoplastid parasites and which is closely associated with the flagellar pocket and basal body of the flagellum.
20025 subpellicular microtubule C Singlet microtubules that lie underneath the inner membrane complex and emanate from the basal ring of the conoid.
20026 merozoite dense granule C Electron-dense organelle with a granular internal matrix found throughout the merozoite life cycle stage of apicomplexan parasites; contains proteins destined to be secreted into the parasitophorous vacuole following parasite invasion of a host cell.
20027 hemoglobin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving hemoglobin, including its uptake and utilization.
20028 hemoglobin import P The directed movement into a tissue, cell or organelle of externally available hemoglobin.
20030 infected host cell surface knob C Protrusion that develops in the plasma membrane of a parasitized erythrocyte. An example of this component is found in Plasmodium species.
20031 polar ring of apical complex C An electron dense ring at the most anterior position of the apical complex, from which the conoid fibers originate; formed during an invasive life cycle stage of an apicomplexan parasite.
20032 basal ring of apical complex C An electron dense ring at the most posterior position of the apical complex, from which the subpellicular microtubules originate; formed during an invasive life cycle stage of an apicomplexan parasite.
20033 antigenic variation P Any process involved in the biological strategy of changing antigenic determinants on the surface that are exposed to another organism's immune system.
20035 cytoadherence to microvasculature, mediated by symbiont protein P The adherence of symbiont-infected erythrocytes to microvascular endothelium via symbiont proteins embedded in the membrane of the erythrocyte.
20036 Maurer's cleft C A disk-like structure that appears at the periphery of a red blood cell infected by an apicomplexan parasite, characterized by a translucent lumen and an electron-dense coat of variable thickness; often appears to be tethered to the host cell membrane by fibrous connections with the erythrocyte cytoskeleton.
20037 heme binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring.
20038 subpellicular network C A mechanically stable cytoskeletal structure associated with the cytoplasmic face of the pellicle and surrounding the microtubule-based cytoskeleton.
20039 pellicle C The structure enclosing an apicomplexan parasite cell; consists of the cell membrane with its associated infrastructure of microtubules, microfilaments and other organelles.
21501 prechordal plate formation P The formation of the prechordal plate. The prechordal plate is a thickening of the endoderm at the cranial end of the primitive streak formed by the involution of Spemann's organizer cells. The prechordal plate and the notochord induce the formation of the neural plate from the overlying ectodermal cells.
21502 neural fold elevation formation P The process in which the lateral borders of the neural plate begin to migrate upwards to form the neural folds, caused by the proliferation of the underlying mesoderm.
21503 neural fold bending P The morphogenesis of the neural fold elevations that results in the movement of the tips of the elevations towards each other in order to fuse.
21504 neural fold hinge point formation P The formation of the median and lateral hinge points in the neural folds. These are created by apical constriction and basal expansion of the underlying neural cells. The median hinge point extends for the entire length of the neural tube, and the lateral hinge points do not form in the spinal cord region of the neural tube.
21505 neural fold folding P The process of folding the neuroepithelium around the medial hinge point to create the neural elevations, and around the lateral hinge points to produce convergence of the folds.
21506 anterior neuropore closure P The joining together of the neural folds of the rostral opening of the neural tube. The anterior neuropore appears before the process of neural tube closure is complete.
21507 posterior neuropore closure P The joining together of the neural folds of the caudal opening of the neural tube. The posterior neuropore appears before the process of neural tube closure is complete.
21508 floor plate formation P The formation of a ventral region of glial cells in the neural tube that provides inductive signals for the specification of neuronal cell types. The floor plate is evident at the ventral midline by the neural fold stage.
21509 roof plate formation P The formation of a single row of glia at the dorsal midline of the developing neural tube. This region provides inductive signals for the specification of neuronal cell types and of the specification of neural crest cells. The cells comprising the roof plate are the precursors to radial glial cells.
21510 spinal cord development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the spinal cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The spinal cord primarily conducts sensory and motor nerve impulses between the brain and the peripheral nervous tissues.
21511 spinal cord patterning P The regionalization process that regulates the coordinated growth and establishes the non-random spatial arrangement of the spinal cord.
21512 spinal cord anterior/posterior patterning P The process that regulates the coordinated growth and differentiation that establishes the non-random anterior-posterior spatial arrangement of the spinal cord.
21513 spinal cord dorsal/ventral patterning P The process that regulates the coordinated growth and differentiation that establishes the non-random dorsal-ventral spatial arrangement of the spinal cord.
21514 ventral spinal cord interneuron differentiation P The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of ventral spinal cord interneurons. Ventral spinal cord interneurons are cells located in the ventral portion of the spinal cord that transmit signals between sensory and motor neurons and are required for reflexive responses. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
21515 cell differentiation in spinal cord P The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the spinal cord. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
21516 dorsal spinal cord development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dorsal region of the spinal cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The dorsal region of the mature spinal cord contains neurons that process and relay sensory input.
21517 ventral spinal cord development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventral region of the spinal cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neurons of the ventral region of the mature spinal cord participate in motor output.
21518 spinal cord commissural neuron specification P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a commissural neuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway.
21519 spinal cord association neuron specification P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an association neuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway.
21520 spinal cord motor neuron cell fate specification P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a motor neuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway.
21521 ventral spinal cord interneuron specification P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a ventral spinal cord interneuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway.
21522 spinal cord motor neuron differentiation P The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the ventral neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of motor neurons. Motor neurons innervate an effector (muscle or glandular) tissue and are responsible for transmission of motor impulses from the brain to the periphery. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
21523 somatic motor neuron differentiation P The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of somatic motor neurons. Somatic motor neurons innervate skeletal muscle targets and are responsible for transmission of motor impulses from the brain to the periphery. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
21524 visceral motor neuron differentiation P The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of visceral motor neurons. Visceral motor neurons innervate glandular targets and are responsible for transmission of motor impulses from the brain to the periphery. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
21525 lateral motor column neuron differentiation P The process in which differentiating motor neurons in the neural tube acquire the specialized structural and/or functional features of lateral motor column neurons. Lateral motor column neurons are generated only on limb levels and send axons into the limb mesenchyme. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
21526 medial motor column neuron differentiation P The process in which differentiating motor neurons in the neural tube acquire the specialized structural and/or functional features of medial motor column neurons. Medial motor column neurons are generated at all rostrocaudal levels and send axons to the axial muscles (medial group) and to the body wall muscles (lateral group). Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
21527 spinal cord association neuron differentiation P The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of association neurons. Association neurons are cells located in the dorsal portion of the spinal cord that integrate sensory input. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
21528 commissural neuron differentiation in spinal cord P The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the ventral neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of commissural neurons. Commissural neurons in both vertebrates and invertebrates transfer information from one side of their bodies to the other through the midline. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
21529 spinal cord oligodendrocyte cell differentiation P The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of oligodendrocytes. Oligodendrocytes are non-neuronal cells. The primary function of oligodendrocytes is the myelination of nerve axons in the central nervous system. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
21530 spinal cord oligodendrocyte cell fate specification P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an oligodendrocyte in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway.
21531 spinal cord radial glial cell differentiation P The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the ventral neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of radial glial cells. Radial cell precursors differentiate into both neuronal cell types and mature radial glial cells. Mature radial glial cells regulate the axon growth and pathfinding processes that occur during white matter patterning of the developing spinal cord. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
21532 neural tube patterning P The regionalization process that regulates the coordinated growth that establishes the non-random spatial arrangement of the neural tube.
21533 cell differentiation in hindbrain P The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature cells of the hindbrain. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
21534 cell proliferation in hindbrain P The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population in the hindbrain.
21535 cell migration in hindbrain P The orderly movement of a cell that will reside in the hindbrain.
21536 diencephalon development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the diencephalon over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The diencephalon is the paired caudal parts of the prosencephalon from which the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus and subthalamus are derived; these regions regulate autonomic, visceral and endocrine function, and process information directed to the cerebral cortex.
21537 telencephalon development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the telencephalon over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The telencephalon is the paired anteriolateral division of the prosencephalon plus the lamina terminalis from which the olfactory lobes, cerebral cortex, and subcortical nuclei are derived.
21538 epithalamus development P The progression of the epithalamus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The epithalamus is the small dorsomedial area of the thalamus including the habenular nuclei and associated fiber bundles, the pineal body, and the epithelial roof of the third ventricle.
21539 subthalamus development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the subthalamus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The subthalamus is the anterior part of the diencephalon that lies between the thalamus, hypothalamus, and tegmentum of the mesencephalon, including subthalamic nucleus, zona incerta, the fields of Forel, and the nucleus of ansa lenticularis.
21540 corpus callosum morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the corpus callosum are generated and organized. The corpus callosum is a thick bundle of nerve fibers comprising a commissural plate connecting the two cerebral hemispheres. It consists of contralateral axon projections that provides communications between the right and left cerebral hemispheres.
21541 ammon gyrus development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ammon gyrus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ammon gyrus, often subdivided into the CA1 and CA3 regions, is one of the two interlocking gyri of the hippocampus that is rich in large pyramidal neurons.
21542 dentate gyrus development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dentate gyrus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The dentate gyrus is one of two interlocking gyri of the hippocampus. It contains granule cells, which project to the pyramidal cells and interneurons of the CA3 region of the ammon gyrus.
21543 pallium development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pallium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pallium is the roof region of the telencephalon.
21544 subpallium development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the subpallium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The subpallium is the base region of the telencephalon.
21545 cranial nerve development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cranial nerves over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions.
21546 rhombomere development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the rhombomere over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates.
21547 midbrain-hindbrain boundary initiation P The regionalization process that gives rise to the midbrain-hindbrain boundary. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages. An organizing center at the boundary patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate.
21548 pons development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pons over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pons lies above the medulla and next to the cerebellum. The pons conveys information about movement from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum.
21549 cerebellum development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. In mice, the cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills.
21550 medulla oblongata development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the medulla oblongata over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate.
21551 central nervous system morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structure of the central nervous system is generated and organized. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain and spinal cord. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord.
21552 midbrain-hindbrain boundary structural organization P The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the midbrain-hindbrain boundary structure. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages. An organizing center at the boundary patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate.
21553 olfactory nerve development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the olfactory nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The olfactory nerve is a collection of sensory nerve rootlets that extend down from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity. This nerve conducts odor information to the brainstem.
21554 optic nerve development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the optic nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sensory optic nerve originates from the bipolar cells of the retina and conducts visual information to the brainstem. The optic nerve exits the back of the eye in the orbit, enters the optic canal, and enters the central nervous system at the optic chiasm (crossing) where the nerve fibers become the optic tract just prior to entering the hindbrain.
21555 midbrain-hindbrain boundary morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structure of the midbrain-hindbrain boundary is generated and organized. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages. An organizing center at the boundary patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate.
21556 central nervous system formation P The process that gives rise to the central nervous system. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain, spinal cord and spinal nerves. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord.
21557 oculomotor nerve development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the oculomotor nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This motor nerve innervates all extraocular muscles except the superior oblique and the lateral rectus muscles. The superior division supplies the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscles. The inferior division supplies the medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles. This nerve also innervates the striated muscles of the eyelid. Pupillary constriction and lens movement are mediated by this nerve for near vision. In the orbit the inferior division sends branches that enter the ciliary ganglion where they form functional contacts (synapses) with the ganglion cells. The ganglion cells send nerve fibers into the back of the eye where they travel to ultimately innervate the ciliary muscle and the constrictor pupillae muscle.
21558 trochlear nerve development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the trochlear nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The trochlear nerve is a motor nerve and is the only cranial nerve to exit the brain dorsally. The trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle.
21559 trigeminal nerve development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the trigeminal nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae.
21560 abducens nerve development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the abducens nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The motor function of the abducens nerve is to contract the lateral rectus which results in abduction of the eye.
21561 facial nerve development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the facial nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This sensory and motor nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression and the expression and taste at the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The principal branches are the superficial opthalmic, buccal, palatine and hyomandibular. The main trunk synapses within pterygopalatine ganglion in the parotid gland and this ganglion then gives off nerve branches which supply the lacrimal gland and the mucous secreting glands of the nasal and oral cavities.
21562 vestibulocochlear nerve development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vestibulocochlear nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This sensory nerve innervates the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. The vestibular branch innervates the vestibular apparatus that senses head position changes relative to gravity. The auditory branch innervates the cochlear duct, which is connected to the three bony ossicles which transduce sound waves into fluid movement in the cochlea.
21563 glossopharyngeal nerve development P Various sensory and motor branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve supply nerve connections to the pharynx and back of the tongue. The branchial motor component contains motor fibers that innervate muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx, and the tympanic branch supplies parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion.
21564 vagus nerve development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vagus nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This nerve is primarily sensory but also has visceromotor components. It originates in the brain stem and controls many autonomic functions of the heart, lungs, stomach, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus and other gastrointestinal tract components. It controls some motor functions such as speech. The sensory branches mediate sensation from the pharynx, larynx, thorax and abdomen; it also innervates taste buds in the epiglottis.
21565 accessory nerve development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the accessory nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mice, the spinal branch of this motor nerve innervates the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid muscles. The cranial branch joins the vagus nerve and innervates the same targets as the vagus nerve.
21566 hypoglossal nerve development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hypoglossal nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This motor nerve innervates all the intrinsic and all but one of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue.
21567 rhombomere 1 development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 1 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.
21568 rhombomere 2 development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 2 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.
21569 rhombomere 3 development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 3 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.
21570 rhombomere 4 development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 4 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.
21571 rhombomere 5 development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 5 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.
21572 rhombomere 6 development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 6 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.
21573 rhombomere 7 development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 7 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.
21574 rhombomere 8 development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 8 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.
21575 hindbrain morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structure of the hindbrain is generated and organized. The hindbrain is the region consisting of the medulla, pons and cerebellum. Areas of the hindbrain control motor and autonomic functions.
21576 hindbrain formation P The process that gives rise to the hindbrain. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The hindbrain is the region consisting of the medulla, pons and cerebellum. Areas of the hindbrain control motor and autonomic functions.
21577 hindbrain structural organization P The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the hindbrain. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The hindbrain is the region consisting of the medulla, pons and cerebellum. Areas of the hindbrain control motor and autonomic functions.
21578 hindbrain maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the hindbrain to attain its fully functional state. The hindbrain is the region consisting of the medulla, pons and cerebellum. Areas of the hindbrain control motor and autonomic functions.
21579 medulla oblongata morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structure of the medulla oblongata is generated and organized. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate.
21580 medulla oblongata formation P The process that gives rise to the medulla oblongata. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate.
21581 medulla oblongata structural organization P The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the medulla oblongata. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate.
21582 medulla oblongata maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the medulla oblongata to attain its fully functional state. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate.
21583 pons morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structure of the pons is generated and organized. The pons lies above the medulla and next to the cerebellum. The pons conveys information about movement from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum.
21584 pons formation P The process that gives rise to the pons. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The pons lies above the medulla and next to the cerebellum. The pons conveys information about movement from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum.
21585 pons structural organization P The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the pons. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The pons lies above the medulla and next to the cerebellum. The pons conveys information about movement from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum.
21586 pons maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the pons to attain its fully functional state. The pons lies above the medulla and next to the cerebellum. The pons conveys information about movement from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum.
21587 cerebellum morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structure of the cerebellum is generated and organized. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. The cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills.
21588 cerebellum formation P The process that gives rise to the cerebellum. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. The cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills.
21589 cerebellum structural organization P The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the cerebellum. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. The cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills.
21590 cerebellum maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the cerebellum to attain its fully functional state. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. The cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills.
21591 ventricular system development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain ventricular system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The brain ventricular system consists of four communicating cavities within the brain that are continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord. These cavities include two lateral ventricles, the third ventricle and the fourth ventricle. Cerebrospinal fluid fills the ventricles and is produced by the choroid plexus.
21592 fourth ventricle development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fourth ventricle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fourth ventricle is an irregularly shaped cavity in the rhombencephalon, between the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the isthmus in front, and the cerebellum behind. It is continuous with the central canal of the cord below and with the cerebral aqueduct above, and through its lateral and median apertures it communicates with the subarachnoid space.
21593 rhombomere morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structure of the rhombomere is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates.
21594 rhombomere formation P The process that gives rise to the rhombomere. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates.
21595 rhombomere structural organization P The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the rhombomere structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates.
21597 central nervous system structural organization P The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the central nervous system structure. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain, spinal cord and spinal nerves. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord.
21598 abducens nerve morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structure of the abducens nerve is generated and organized. The motor function of the abducens nerve is to contract the lateral rectus which results in abduction of the eye.
21599 abducens nerve formation P The process that gives rise to the abducens nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The motor function of the abducens nerve is to contract the lateral rectus which results in abduction of the eye.
21600 abducens nerve structural organization P The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the abducens nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The motor function of the abducens nerve is to contract the lateral rectus which results in abduction of the eye.
21601 abducens nerve maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the abducens nerve to attain its fully functional state. The motor function of the abducens nerve is to contract the lateral rectus which results in abduction of the eye.
21602 cranial nerve morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structure of the cranial nerves are generated and organized. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions.
21603 cranial nerve formation P The process that gives rise to the cranial nerves. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions.
21604 cranial nerve structural organization P The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the cranial nerves. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions.
21605 cranial nerve maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a cranial nerve to attain its fully functional state. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions.
21606 accessory nerve maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the accessory nerve to attain its fully functional state. The spinal branch of this motor nerve innervates the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid muscles. The cranial branch joins the vagus nerve and innervates the same targets as the vagus nerve.
21607 accessory nerve morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structure of the accessory nerve is generated and organized. The spinal branch of this motor nerve innervates the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid muscles. The cranial branch joins the vagus nerve and innervates the same targets as the vagus nerve.
21608 accessory nerve formation P The process that gives rise to the accessory nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The spinal branch of this motor nerve innervates the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid muscles. The cranial branch joins the vagus nerve and innervates the same targets as the vagus nerve.
21609 accessory nerve structural organization P The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the accessory nerve This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The spinal branch of this motor nerve innervates the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid muscles. The cranial branch joins the vagus nerve and innervates the same targets as the vagus nerve.
21610 facial nerve morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structure of the facial nerve is generated and organized. This sensory and motor nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression and the expression and taste at the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The principal branches are the superficial opthalmic, buccal, palatine and hyomandibular. The main trunk synapses within pterygopalatine ganglion in the parotid gland and this ganglion then gives of nerve branches which supply the lacrimal gland and the mucous secreting glands of the nasal and oral cavities.
21611 facial nerve formation P The process that gives rise to the facial nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. This sensory and motor nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression and the expression and taste at the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The principal branches are the superficial opthalmic, buccal, palatine and hyomandibular. The main trunk synapses within pterygopalatine ganglion in the parotid gland and this ganglion then gives of nerve branches which supply the lacrimal gland and the mucous secreting glands of the nasal and oral cavities.
21612 facial nerve structural organization P The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the facial nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. This sensory and motor nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression and the expression and taste at the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The principal branches are the superficial opthalmic, buccal, palatine and hyomandibular. The main trunk synapses within pterygopalatine ganglion in the parotid gland and this ganglion then gives of nerve branches which supply the lacrimal gland and the mucous secreting glands of the nasal and oral cavities.
21613 facial nerve maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the facial nerve to attain its fully functional state. This sensory and motor nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression and the expression and taste at the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The principal branches are the superficial opthalmic, buccal, palatine and hyomandibular. The main trunk synapses within pterygopalatine ganglion in the parotid gland and this ganglion then gives of nerve branches which supply the lacrimal gland and the mucous secreting glands of the nasal and oral cavities.
21614 glossopharyngeal nerve maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the glossopharyngeal nerve to attain its fully functional state. Various sensory and motor branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve supply nerve connections to the pharynx and back of the tongue. The branchial motor component contains motor fibers that innervate muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx, and the tympanic branch supplies parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion.
21615 glossopharyngeal nerve morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structure of the glossopharyngeal nerve is generated and organized. Various sensory and motor branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve supply nerve connections to the pharynx and back of the tongue. The branchial motor component contains motor fibers that innervate muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx, and the tympanic branch supplies parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion.
21616 glossopharyngeal nerve formation P The process that gives rise to the glossopharyngeal nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Various sensory and motor branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve supply nerve connections to the pharynx and back of the tongue. The branchial motor component contains motor fibers that innervate muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx, and the tympanic branch supplies parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion.
21617 glossopharyngeal nerve structural organization P The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the glossopharyngeal nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Various sensory and motor branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve supply nerve connections to the pharynx and back of the tongue. The branchial motor component contains motor fibers that innervate muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx, and the tympanic branch supplies parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion.
21618 hypoglossal nerve morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structure of the hypoglossal nerve is generated and organized. This motor nerve innervates all the intrinsic and all but one of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue.
21619 hypoglossal nerve maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the hypoglossal nerve to attain its fully functional state. This motor nerve innervates all the intrinsic and all but one of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue.
21620 hypoglossal nerve formation P The process that gives rise to the hypoglossal nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. This motor nerve innervates all the intrinsic and all but one of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue.
21621 hypoglossal nerve structural organization P The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the hypoglossal nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. This motor nerve innervates all the intrinsic and all but one of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue.
21622 oculomotor nerve morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structure of the oculomotor nerve is generated and organized. This motor nerve innervates all extraocular muscles except the superior oblique and the lateral rectus muscles. The superior division supplies the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscles. The inferior division supplies the medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles. This nerve also innervates the striated muscles of the eyelid. Pupillary constriction and lens movement are mediated by this nerve for near vision. In the orbit the inferior division sends branches that enter the ciliary ganglion where they form functional contacts (synapses) with the ganglion cells. The ganglion cells send nerve fibers into the back of the eye where they travel to ultimately innervate the ciliary muscle and the constrictor pupillae muscle.
21623 oculomotor nerve formation P The process that gives rise to the oculomotor nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. This motor nerve innervates all extraocular muscles except the superior oblique and the lateral rectus muscles. The superior division supplies the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscles. The inferior division supplies the medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles. This nerve also innervates the striated muscles of the eyelid. Pupillary constriction and lens movement are mediated by this nerve for near vision. In the orbit the inferior division sends branches that enter the ciliary ganglion where they form functional contacts (synapses) with the ganglion cells. The ganglion cells send nerve fibers into the back of the eye where they travel to ultimately innervate the ciliary muscle and the constrictor pupillae muscle.
21624 oculomotor nerve structural organization P The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the oculomotor nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. This motor nerve innervates all extraocular muscles except the superior oblique and the lateral rectus muscles. The superior division supplies the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscles. The inferior division supplies the medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles. This nerve also innervates the striated muscles of the eyelid. Pupillary constriction and lens movement are mediated by this nerve for near vision. In the orbit the inferior division sends branches that enter the ciliary ganglion where they form functional contacts (synapses) with the ganglion cells. The ganglion cells send nerve fibers into the back of the eye where they travel to ultimately innervate the ciliary muscle and the constrictor pupillae muscle.
21625 oculomotor nerve maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the oculomotor nerve to attain its fully functional state. This motor nerve innervates all extraocular muscles except the superior oblique and the lateral rectus muscles. The superior division supplies the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscles. The inferior division supplies the medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles. This nerve also innervates the striated muscles of the eyelid. Pupillary constriction and lens movement are mediated by this nerve for near vision. In the orbit the inferior division sends branches that enter the ciliary ganglion where they form functional contacts (synapses) with the ganglion cells. The ganglion cells send nerve fibers into the back of the eye where they travel to ultimately innervate the ciliary muscle and the constrictor pupillae muscle.
21626 central nervous system maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the central nervous system to attain its fully functional state. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain and spinal cord. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord.
21627 olfactory nerve morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structure of the olfactory nerve is generated and organized. The olfactory nerve is a collection of sensory nerve rootlets that extend down from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity. This nerve conducts odor information to the brainstem.
21628 olfactory nerve formation P The process that gives rise to the olfactory nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The olfactory nerve is a collection of sensory nerve rootlets that extend down from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity. This nerve conducts odor information to the brainstem.
21629 olfactory nerve structural organization P The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the oculomotor nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The olfactory nerve is a collection of sensory nerve rootlets that extend down from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity. This nerve conducts odor information to the brainstem.
21630 olfactory nerve maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the olfactory nerve to attain its fully functional state. The olfactory nerve is a collection of sensory nerve rootlets that extend down from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity. This nerve conducts odor information to the brainstem.
21631 optic nerve morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structure of the optic nerve is generated and organized. The sensory optic nerve originates from the bipolar cells of the retina and conducts visual information to the brainstem. The optic nerve exits the back of the eye in the orbit, enters the optic canal, and enters the central nervous system at the optic chiasm (crossing) where the nerve fibers become the optic tract just prior to entering the hindbrain.
21632 optic nerve maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the optic nerve to attain its fully functional state. The sensory optic nerve originates from the bipolar cells of the retina and conducts visual information to the brainstem. The optic nerve exits the back of the eye in the orbit, enters the optic canal, and enters the central nervous system at the optic chiasm (crossing) where the nerve fibers become the optic tract just prior to entering the hindbrain.
21633 optic nerve structural organization P The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the optic nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The sensory optic nerve originates from the bipolar cells of the retina and conducts visual information to the brainstem. The optic nerve exits the back of the eye in the orbit, enters the optic canal, and enters the central nervous system at the optic chiasm (crossing) where the nerve fibers become the optic tract just prior to entering the hindbrain.
21634 optic nerve formation P The process that gives rise to the optic nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The sensory optic nerve originates from the bipolar cells of the retina and conducts visual information to the brainstem. The optic nerve exits the back of the eye in the orbit, enters the optic canal, and enters the central nervous system at the optic chiasm (crossing) where the nerve fibers become the optic tract just prior to entering the hindbrain.
21635 trigeminal nerve maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the trigeminal nerve to attain its fully functional state. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae.
21636 trigeminal nerve morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structure of the trigeminal nerve is generated and organized. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae.
21637 trigeminal nerve structural organization P The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the oculomotor nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae.
21638 trigeminal nerve formation P The process that gives rise to the trigeminal nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae.
21639 trochlear nerve morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structure of the trochlear nerve is generated and organized. The trochlear nerve is a motor nerve and is the only cranial nerve to exit the brain dorsally. The trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle.
21640 trochlear nerve maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the trochlear nerve to attain its fully functional state. The trochlear nerve is a motor nerve and is the only cranial nerve to exit the brain dorsally. The trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle.
21641 trochlear nerve structural organization P The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the trochlear nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The trochlear nerve is a motor nerve and is the only cranial nerve to exit the brain dorsally. The trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle.
21642 trochlear nerve formation P The process that gives rise to the trochlear nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The trochlear nerve is a motor nerve and is the only cranial nerve to exit the brain dorsally. The trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle.
21643 vagus nerve maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the vagus nerve to attain its fully functional state. This nerve is primarily sensory but also has visceromotor components. It originates in the brain stem and controls many autonomic functions of the heart, lungs, stomach, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus and other gastrointestinal tract components. It controls some motor functions such as speech. The sensory branches mediate sensation from the pharynx, larynx, thorax and abdomen; it also innervates taste buds in the epiglottis.
21644 vagus nerve morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structure of the vagus nerve is generated and organized. This nerve is primarily sensory but also has visceromotor components. It originates in the brain stem and controls many autonomic functions of the heart, lungs, stomach, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus and other gastrointestinal tract components. It controls some motor functions such as speech. The sensory branches mediate sensation from the pharynx, larynx, thorax and abdomen; it also innervates taste buds in the epiglottis.
21645 vagus nerve structural organization P The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the vagus nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. This nerve is primarily sensory but also has visceromotor components. It originates in the brain stem and controls many autonomic functions of the heart, lungs, stomach, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus and other gastrointestinal tract components. It controls some motor functions such as speech. The sensory branches mediate sensation from the pharynx, larynx, thorax and abdomen; it also innervates taste buds in the epiglottis.
21646 vagus nerve formation P The process that gives rise to the vagus nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. This nerve is primarily sensory but also has visceromotor components. It originates in the brain stem and controls many autonomic functions of the heart, lungs, stomach, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus and other gastrointestinal tract components. It controls some motor functions such as speech. The sensory branches mediate sensation from the pharynx, larynx, thorax and abdomen; it also innervates taste buds in the epiglottis.
21647 vestibulocochlear nerve maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the vestibulocochlear nerve to attain its fully functional state. This sensory nerve innervates the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. The vestibular branch innervates the vestibular apparatus that senses head position changes relative to gravity. The auditory branch innervates the cochlear duct, which is connected to the three bony ossicles which transduce sound waves into fluid movement in the cochlea.
21648 vestibulocochlear nerve morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structure of the vestibulocochlear nerve is generated and organized. This sensory nerve innervates the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. The vestibular branch innervates the vestibular apparatus that senses head position changes relative to gravity. The auditory branch innervates the cochlear duct, which is connected to the three bony ossicles which transduce sound waves into fluid movement in the cochlea.
21649 vestibulocochlear nerve structural organization P The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the vestibulocochlear nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. This sensory nerve innervates the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. The vestibular branch innervates the vestibular apparatus that senses head position changes relative to gravity. The auditory branch innervates the cochlear duct, which is connected to the three bony ossicles which transduce sound waves into fluid movement in the cochlea.
21650 vestibulocochlear nerve formation P The process that gives rise to the vestibulocochlear nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. This sensory nerve innervates the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. The vestibular branch innervates the vestibular apparatus that senses head position changes relative to gravity. The auditory branch innervates the cochlear duct, which is connected to the three bony ossicles which transduce sound waves into fluid movement in the cochlea.
21651 rhombomere 1 morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 1 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.
21652 rhombomere 1 formation P The process that gives rise to rhombomere 1. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.
21653 rhombomere 1 structural organization P The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 1. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.
21654 rhombomere boundary formation P The process that gives rise to a rhombomere boundary. This process pertains to the initial formation of a boundary delimiting a rhombomere. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon that are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.
21655 rhombomere 2 morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 2 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.
21656 rhombomere 2 structural organization P The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 2. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.
21657 rhombomere 2 formation P The process that gives rise to rhombomere 2. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.
21658 rhombomere 3 morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 3 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.
21659 rhombomere 3 structural organization P The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 3. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.
21660 rhombomere 3 formation P The process that gives rise to rhombomere 3. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.
21661 rhombomere 4 morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 4 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.
21662 rhombomere 4 structural organization P The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 4. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.
21663 rhombomere 4 formation P The process that gives rise to rhombomere 4. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.
21664 rhombomere 5 morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of rhombomere 5 are generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.
21665 rhombomere 5 structural organization P The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 5. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.
21666 rhombomere 5 formation P The process that gives rise to rhombomere 5. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.
21667 rhombomere 6 morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 6 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.
21668 rhombomere 6 structural organization P The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 6. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.
21669 rhombomere 6 formation P The process that gives rise to rhombomere 6. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.
21670 lateral ventricle development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral ventricles over time, from the formation to the mature structure. The two lateral ventricles are a cavity in each of the cerebral hemispheres derived from the cavity of the embryonic neural tube. They are separated from each other by the septum pellucidum, and each communicates with the third ventricle by the foramen of Monro, through which also the choroid plexuses of the lateral ventricles become continuous with that of the third ventricle.
21671 rhombomere 7 morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 7 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.
21672 rhombomere 7 structural organization P The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 7. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.
21673 rhombomere 7 formation P The process that gives rise to rhombomere 7. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.
21674 rhombomere 8 morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 8 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.
21675 nerve development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
21676 rhombomere 8 structural organization P The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 8. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.
21677 rhombomere 8 formation P The process that gives rise to rhombomere 8. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.
21678 third ventricle development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the third ventricle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The third ventricle is the narrow cleft inferior to the corpus callosum, within the diencephalon, between the paired thalami. Its floor is formed by the hypothalamus, its anterior wall by the lamina terminalis, and its roof by ependyma, and it communicates with the fourth ventricle by the cerebral aqueduct, and with the lateral ventricles by the interventricular foramina.
21679 cerebellar molecular layer development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellar molecular layer nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The molecular layer is the outermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the parallel fibers of the granule cells, interneurons such as stellate and basket cells, and the dendrites of the underlying Purkinje cells.
21680 cerebellar Purkinje cell layer development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellar Purkinje cell layer over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The Purkinje cell layer lies just underneath the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the neuronal cell bodies of the Purkinje cells that are arranged side by side in a single layer. Candelabrum interneurons are vertically oriented between the Purkinje cells. Purkinje neurons are inhibitory and provide the output of the cerebellar cortex through axons that project into the white matter. Extensive dendritic trees from the Purkinje cells extend upward in a single plane into the molecular layer where they synapse with parallel fibers of granule cells.
21681 cerebellar granular layer development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellar granule layer over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The granular layer is the innermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. This layer contains densely packed small neurons, mostly granule cells. Some Golgi cells are found at the outer border. Granule neurons send parallel fibers to the upper molecular layer, where they synapse with Purkinje cell dendrites. Mossy fibers from the pontine nuclei in the white matter synapse with granule cell axons, Golgi cell axons and unipolar brush interneuron axons at cerebellar glomeruli in the granule cell layer.
21682 nerve maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a nerve to attain its fully functional state.
21683 cerebellar granular layer morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structure of the cerebellar granular layer is generated and organized. The granular layer is the innermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. This layer contains densely packed small neurons, mostly granule cells. Some Golgi cells are found at the outer border. Granule neurons send parallel fibers to the upper molecular layer, where they synapse with Purkinje cell dendrites. Mossy fibers from the pontine nuclei in the white matter synapse with granule cell axons, Golgi cell axons and unipolar brush interneuron axons at cerebellar glomeruli in the granule cell layer.
21684 cerebellar granular layer formation P The process that gives rise to the cerebellar granule layer. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The granular layer is the innermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. This layer contains densely packed small neurons, mostly granule cells. Some Golgi cells are found at the outer border. Granule neurons send parallel fibers to the upper molecular layer, where they synapse with Purkinje cell dendrites. Mossy fibers from the pontine nuclei in the white matter synapse with granule cell axons, Golgi cell axons and unipolar brush interneuron axons at cerebellar glomeruli in the granule cell layer.
21685 cerebellar granular layer structural organization P The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the cerebellar granule layer. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The granular layer is the innermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. This layer contains densely packed small neurons, mostly granule cells. Some Golgi cells are found at the outer border. Granule neurons send parallel fibers to the upper molecular layer, where they synapse with Purkinje cell dendrites. Mossy fibers from the pontine nuclei in the white matter synapse with granule cell axons, Golgi cell axons and unipolar brush interneuron axons at cerebellar glomeruli in the granule cell layer.
21686 cerebellar granular layer maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the cerebellar granular layer to attain its fully functional state. The granular layer is the innermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. This layer contains densely packed small neurons, mostly granule cells. Some Golgi cells are found at the outer border. Granule neurons send parallel fibers to the upper molecular layer, where they synapse with Purkinje cell dendrites. Mossy fibers from the pontine nuclei in the white matter synapse with granule cell axons, Golgi cell axons and unipolar brush interneuron axons at cerebellar glomeruli in the granule cell layer.
21687 cerebellar molecular layer morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structure of the cerebellar molecular layer is generated and organized. The molecular layer is the outermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the parallel fibers of the granule cells, interneurons such as stellate and basket cells, and the dendrites of the underlying Purkinje cells.
21688 cerebellar molecular layer formation P The process that gives rise to the cerebellar molecular layer. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The molecular layer is the outermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the parallel fibers of the granule cells, interneurons such as stellate and basket cells, and the dendrites of the underlying Purkinje cells.
21689 cerebellar molecular layer structural organization P The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the cerebellar molecular layer. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The molecular layer is the outermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the parallel fibers of the granule cells, interneurons such as stellate and basket cells, and the dendrites of the underlying Purkinje cells.
21690 cerebellar molecular layer maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the cerebellar molecular layer to attain its fully functional state. The molecular layer is the outermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the parallel fibers of the granule cells, interneurons such as stellate and basket cells, and the dendrites of the underlying Purkinje cells.
21691 cerebellar Purkinje cell layer maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the cerebellar Purkinje cell layer to attain its fully functional state. The Purkinje cell layer lies just underneath the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the neuronal cell bodies of the Purkinje cells that are arranged side by side in a single layer. Candelabrum interneurons are vertically oriented between the Purkinje cells. Purkinje neurons are inhibitory and provide the output of the cerebellar cortex through axons that project into the white matter. Extensive dendritic trees from the Purkinje cells extend upward in a single plane into the molecular layer where they synapse with parallel fibers of granule cells.
21692 cerebellar Purkinje cell layer morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structure of the cerebellar Purkinje cell layer is generated and organized. The Purkinje cell layer lies just underneath the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the neuronal cell bodies of the Purkinje cells that are arranged side by side in a single layer. Candelabrum interneurons are vertically oriented between the Purkinje cells. Purkinje neurons are inhibitory and provide the output of the cerebellar cortex through axons that project into the white matter. Extensive dendritic trees from the Purkinje cells extend upward in a single plane into the molecular layer where they synapse with parallel fibers of granule cells.
21693 cerebellar Purkinje cell layer structural organization P The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the cerebellar Purkinje cell layer. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The Purkinje cell layer lies just underneath the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the neuronal cell bodies of the Purkinje cells that are arranged side by side in a single layer. Candelabrum interneurons are vertically oriented between the Purkinje cells. Purkinje neurons are inhibitory and provide the output of the cerebellar cortex through axons that project into the white matter. Extensive dendritic trees from the Purkinje cells extend upward in a single plane into the molecular layer where they synapse with parallel fibers of granule cells.
21694 cerebellar Purkinje cell layer formation P The process that gives rise to the cerebellar Purkinje cell layer. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The Purkinje cell layer lies just underneath the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the neuronal cell bodies of the Purkinje cells that are arranged side by side in a single layer. Candelabrum interneurons are vertically oriented between the Purkinje cells. Purkinje neurons are inhibitory and provide the output of the cerebellar cortex through axons that project into the white matter. Extensive dendritic trees from the Purkinje cells extend upward in a single plane into the molecular layer where they synapse with parallel fibers of granule cells.
21695 cerebellar cortex development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellar cortex over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function.
21696 cerebellar cortex morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structure of the cranial nerves are generated and organized. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function.
21697 cerebellar cortex formation P The process that gives rise to the cerebellar cortex. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function.
21698 cerebellar cortex structural organization P The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the cerebellar cortex. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function.
21699 cerebellar cortex maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the cerebellar cortex to attain its fully functional state. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function.
21700 developmental maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an anatomical structure, cell or cellular component to attain its fully functional state.
21701 cerebellar Golgi cell differentiation P The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature cerebellar Golgi cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a Golgi cell fate. A cerebellar Golgi cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.
21702 cerebellar Purkinje cell differentiation P The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature cerebellar Purkinje cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a Purkinje cell fate. A Purkinje cell is an inhibitory GABAergic neuron found in the cerebellar cortex that projects to the deep cerebellar nuclei and brain stem.
21703 locus ceruleus development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the locus ceruleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The locus ceruleus is a dense cluster of neurons within the dorsorostral pons. This nucleus is the major location of neurons that release norepinephrine throughout the brain, and is responsible for physiological responses to stress and panic.
21704 locus ceruleus morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structure of the locus ceruleus is generated and organized. In mice, the locus ceruleus is a dense cluster of neurons within the dorsorostral pons. This nucleus is the major location of neurons that release norepinephrine throughout the brain, and is responsible for physiological responses to stress and panic.
21705 locus ceruleus formation P The process that gives rise to the locus ceruleus. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. In mice, the locus ceruleus is a dense cluster of neurons within the dorsorostral pons. This nucleus is the major location of neurons that release norepinephrine throughout the brain, and is responsible for physiological responses to stress and panic.
21706 locus ceruleus maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the locus ceruleus to attain its fully functional state. The locus ceruleus is a dense cluster of neurons within the dorsorostral pons. This nucleus is the major location of neurons that release norepinephrine throughout the brain, and is responsible for physiological responses to stress and panic.
21707 cerebellar granule cell differentiation P The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature cerebellar granule cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a granule cell fate. A granule cell is a glutamatergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.
21708 Lugaro cell differentiation P The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature Lugaro cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a Lugaro cell fate. A Lugaro cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.
21709 cerebellar basket cell differentiation P The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature cerebellar basket cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a cerebellar basket cell fate. A cerebellar basket cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.
21710 cerebellar stellate cell differentiation P The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature cerebellar stellate cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a cerebellar stellate cell fate. A cerebellar stellate cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.
21711 cerebellar unipolar brush cell differentiation P The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature unipolar brush cell in the cerebellum. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a unipolar brush cell fate. A unipolar brush cell is a glutamatergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.
21712 candelabrum cell differentiation P The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature candelabrum cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a candelabrum cell fate. A candelabrum cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.
21713 inferior olivary nucleus development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inferior olivary nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The inferior olivary nucleus is a capsule-shaped structure in the ventral medulla located just lateral and dorsal to the medullary pyramids. Neurons in the inferior olivary nucleus are the source of climbing fiber input to the cerebellar cortex; these neurons have been implicated in various functions, such as learning and timing of movements.
21714 inferior olivary nucleus morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structure of the inferior olivary nucleus is generated and organized. The inferior olivary nucleus is a capsule-shaped structure in the ventral medulla located just lateral and dorsal to the medullary pyramids. Neurons in the inferior olivary nucleus are the source of climbing fiber input to the cerebellar cortex; these neurons have been implicated in various functions, such as learning and timing of movements.
21715 inferior olivary nucleus formation P The process that gives rise to the inferior olivary nucleus. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The inferior olivary nucleus is a capsule-shaped structure in the ventral medulla located just lateral and dorsal to the medullary pyramids. Neurons in the inferior olivary nucleus are the source of climbing fiber input to the cerebellar cortex; these neurons have been implicated in various functions, such as learning and timing of movements.
21716 inferior olivary nucleus structural organization P The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the inferior olivary nucleus structure. The inferior olivary nucleus is a capsule-shaped structure in the ventral medulla located just lateral and dorsal to the medullary pyramids. Neurons in the inferior olivary nucleus are the source of climbing fiber input to the cerebellar cortex; these neurons have been implicated in various functions, such as learning and timing of movements.
21717 inferior olivary nucleus maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the inferior olivary nucleus to attain its fully functional state. The inferior olivary nucleus is a capsule-shaped structure in the ventral medulla located just lateral and dorsal to the medullary pyramids. Neurons in the inferior olivary nucleus are the source of climbing fiber input to the cerebellar cortex; these neurons have been implicated in various functions, such as learning and timing of movements.
21718 superior olivary nucleus development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the superior olivary nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mice, the superior olivary nucleus is a small cylindrical mass on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body of the pons, and it is situated immediately above the inferior olivary nucleus. It receives projections from the cochlear nucleus and thus is involved in the perception of sound.
21719 superior olivary nucleus morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structure of the superior olivary nucleus is generated and organized. In mice, the superior olivary nucleus is a small cylindrical mass on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body of the pons, and it is situated immediately above the inferior olivary nucleus. It receives projections from the cochlear nucleus and thus is involved in the perception of sound.
21720 superior olivary nucleus formation P The process that gives rise to the superior olivary nucleus. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. In mice, the superior olivary nucleus is a small cylindrical mass on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body of the pons, and it is situated immediately above the inferior olivary nucleus. It receives projections from the cochlear nucleus and thus is involved in the perception of sound.
21721 superior olivary nucleus structural organization P The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the superior olivary nucleus structure. In mice, the superior olivary nucleus is a small cylindrical mass on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body of the pons, and it is situated immediately above the inferior olivary nucleus. It receives projections from the cochlear nucleus and thus is involved in the perception of sound.
21722 superior olivary nucleus maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the superior olivary nucleus to attain its fully functional state. The superior olivary nucleus is a small cylindrical mass on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body of the pons, and it is situated immediately above the inferior olivary nucleus. It receives projections from the cochlear nucleus and thus is involved in the perception of sound.
21723 medullary reticular formation development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the medullary reticular formation over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The medullary reticular formation is a series of brain nuclei located in the medulla oblongata.
21724 inferior raphe nucleus development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inferior raphe nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
21725 superior raphe nucleus development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the superior raphe nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
21726 lateral reticular nucleus development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral reticular nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
21727 intermediate reticular formation development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the intermediate reticular formation over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
21728 inferior reticular formation development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inferior reticular formation over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
21729 superior reticular formation development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the superior reticular formation over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
21730 trigeminal sensory nucleus development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the trigeminal sensory nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
21731 trigeminal motor nucleus development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the trigeminal motor nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
21732 midbrain-hindbrain boundary maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the midbrain-hindbrain boundary to attain its fully functional state. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages. An organizing center at the boundary patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate.
21735 dentate nucleus development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dentate nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
21736 globose nucleus development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the globose nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
21737 emboliform nucleus development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the emboliform nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
21738 fastigial nucleus development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fastigial nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
21739 mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
21740 principal sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pontine nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
21741 spinal trigeminal nucleus development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the spinal trigeminal nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
21742 abducens nucleus development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the abducens nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
21743 hypoglossal nucleus development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hypoglossal nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
21744 dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
21745 nucleus ambiguus development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nucleus ambiguus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
21746 solitary nucleus development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the solitary nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
21747 cochlear nucleus development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cochlear nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
21748 dorsal cochlear nucleus development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dorsal cochlear nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
21749 ventral cochlear nucleus development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventral cochlear nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
21750 vestibular nucleus development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vestibular nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
21751 salivary nucleus development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a salivary nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
21752 inferior salivary nucleus development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inferior salivary nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
21753 superior salivary nucleus development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the superior salivary nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
21754 facial nucleus development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the facial nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
21755 eurydendroid cell differentiation P The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature eurydendroid cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a eurydendroid cell fate. A eurydendroid cell is an efferent neuron found in the cerebellar cortex of teleosts.
21756 striatum development P The progression of the striatum over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The striatum is a region of the forebrain consisting of the caudate nucleus, putamen and fundus striati.
21757 caudate nucleus development P The progression of the caudate nucleus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The caudate nucleus is the C-shaped structures of the striatum containing input neurons involved with control of voluntary movement in the brain.
21758 putamen development P The progression of the putamen over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The putamen is the lens-shaped basal ganglion involved with control of voluntary movement in the brain.
21759 globus pallidus development P The progression of the globus pallidus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The globus pallidus is one of the basal ganglia involved with control of voluntary movement in the brain.
21761 limbic system development P The progression of the limbic system over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The limbic system is a collection of structures in the brain involved in emotion, motivation and emotional aspects of memory.
21762 substantia nigra development P The progression of the substantia nigra over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The substantia nigra is the layer of gray substance that separates the posterior parts of the cerebral peduncles (tegmentum mesencephali) from the anterior parts; it normally includes a posterior compact part with many pigmented cells (pars compacta) and an anterior reticular part whose cells contain little pigment (pars reticularis).
21763 subthalamic nucleus development P The progression of the subthalamic nucleus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The subthalamic nucleus is the lens-shaped nucleus located in the ventral part of the subthalamus on the inner aspect of the internal capsule that is concerned with the integration of somatic motor function.
21764 amygdala development P The progression of the amygdala over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The amygdala is an almond-shaped set of neurons in the medial temporal lobe of the brain that play a key role in processing emotions such as fear and pleasure.
21765 cingulate gyrus development P The progression of the cingulate gyrus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The cingulate gyrus is a ridge in the cerebral cortex located dorsal to the corpus callosum.
21766 hippocampus development P The progression of the hippocampus over time from its initial formation until its mature state.
21767 mammillary body development P The progression of the mammillary body over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The mammillary body is a protrusion at the posterior end of the hypothalamus that contains hypothalamic nuclei.
21768 nucleus accumbens development P The progression of the nucleus accumbens over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The nucleus accumbens is a collection of pleomorphic cells in the caudal part of the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle, in the region of the olfactory tubercle, lying between the head of the caudate nucleus and the anterior perforated substance. It is part of the ventral striatum, a composite structure considered part of the basal ganglia.
21769 orbitofrontal cortex development P The progression of the orbitofrontal cortex over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The orbitofrontal cortex is a cerebral cortex region located in the frontal lobe.
21770 parahippocampal gyrus development P The progression of the parahippocampal gyrus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The parahippocampal gyrus is a ridge in the cerebral cortex.
21771 lateral geniculate nucleus development P The progression of the lateral geniculate nucleus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The lateral geniculate nucleus is the primary processor of visual information received from the retina.
21772 olfactory bulb development P The progression of the olfactory bulb over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The olfactory bulb coordinates neuronal signaling involved in the perception of smell. It receives input from the sensory neurons and outputs to the olfactory cortex.
21773 striatal medium spiny neuron differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a medium spiny neuron residing in the striatum.
21774 retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway involved in ventral spinal cord interneuron specification P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to a retinoic acid receptor in a precursor cell in the ventral spinal cord that contributes to the commitment of the precursor cell to an interneuron fate.
21775 smoothened signaling pathway involved in ventral spinal cord interneuron specification P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the transmembrane receptor smoothened in a precursor cell in the ventral spinal cord that contributes to the commitment of the precursor cell to an interneuron fate.
21776 smoothened signaling pathway involved in spinal cord motor neuron cell fate specification P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the transmembrane receptor smoothened in a precursor cell in the spinal cord that contributes to the process of a precursor cell becoming capable of differentiating autonomously into a motor neuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway.
21777 BMP signaling pathway involved in spinal cord association neuron specification P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to its commitment to an association neuron fate.
21778 oligodendrocyte cell fate specification P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an oligodendrocyte in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
21779 oligodendrocyte cell fate commitment P The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an oligodendrocyte.
21780 glial cell fate specification P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a glial cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
21781 glial cell fate commitment P The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a glial cell.
21782 glial cell development P The process aimed at the progression of a glial cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
21783 preganglionic parasympathetic fiber development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a preganglionic parasympathetic fiber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A preganglionic parasympathetic fiber is a cholinergic axonal fiber projecting from the CNS to a parasympathetic ganglion.
21784 postganglionic parasympathetic fiber development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the postganglionic portion of the parasympathetic fiber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The parasympathetic fiber is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system. Parasympathetic nerves emerge cranially as pre ganglionic fibers from oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus and from the sacral region of the spinal cord. Most neurons are cholinergic and responses are mediated by muscarinic receptors. The parasympathetic system innervates, for example: salivary glands, thoracic and abdominal viscera, bladder and genitalia.
21785 branchiomotor neuron axon guidance P The process in which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.
21786 branchiomotor neuron axon guidance in neural tube P The process in which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone in the neural tube is directed to a specific target site in the neural tube. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.
21787 chemorepulsion of branchiomotor neuron axon in neural tube P The process in which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone in the neural tube is directed to a specific target site in the neural tube in response to a repulsive chemical cue. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.
21788 chemoattraction of branchiomotor neuron axon in neural tube P The process in which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone in the neural tube is directed to a specific target site in the neural tube in response to an attractive chemical cue. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.
21789 branchiomotor neuron axon guidance in branchial arch mesenchyme P The process in which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone in the branchial arch mesenchyme is directed to a specific target site in the branchial arch mesenchyme. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.
21790 chemorepulsion of branchiomotor neuron axon in branchial arch mesenchyme P The process in which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone in the branchial arch mesenchyme is directed to a specific target site in the branchial arch mesenchyme in response to a repulsive chemical cue. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.
21791 chemoattraction of branchiomotor neuron axon in branchial arch mesenchyme P The process in which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone in the branchial arch mesenchyme is directed to a specific target site in the branchial arch mesenchyme in response to an attractive chemical cue. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.
21792 chemoattraction of branchiomotor axon P The process in which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to an attractive chemical signal. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.
21793 chemorepulsion of branchiomotor axon P The process in which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to a repulsive chemical cue. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.
21794 thalamus development P The process in which the thalamus changes over time, from its initial formation to its mature state.
21795 cerebral cortex cell migration P The orderly movement of cells from one site to another in the cerebral cortex.
21796 cerebral cortex regionalization P The regionalization process that results in the creation of areas within the cerebral cortex that will direct the behavior of cell migration and differentiation as the cortex develops.
21797 forebrain anterior/posterior pattern specification P The creation of specific areas of progenitor domains along the anterior-posterior axis of the developing forebrain.
21798 forebrain dorsal/ventral pattern formation P The formation of specific regional progenitor domains along the dorsal-ventral axis in the developing forebrain.
21799 cerebral cortex radially oriented cell migration P The migration of cells in the developing cerebral cortex in which cells move from the ventricular and/or subventricular zone toward the surface of the brain.
21800 cerebral cortex tangential migration P The migration of cells in the cerebral cortex in which cells move orthogonally to the direction of radial migration and do not use radial glial cell processes as substrates for migration.
21801 cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration P The radial migration of neuronal or glial precursor cells along radial glial cells during the development of the cerebral cortex.
21802 somal translocation P The radial migration of cells from the ventricular zone that is independent of radial glial cells. Cells extend processes that terminate at the pial surface and follow the processes as they migrate.
21803 pial surface process extension P The extension of a long process to the pial surface as a cell leaves the ventricular zone.
21804 negative regulation of cell adhesion in ventricular zone P The process that results in the loss of attachments of a cell in the ventricular zone.
21805 cell movement involved in somal translocation P The movement of a cell body from the ventricular zone to the pial surface with a concomitant shortening of the process that extends to the pial surface.
21806 initiation of movement involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration P The initial stages of cell motility involved in the glial-mediated movement of cells in the developing cerebral cortex.
21807 motogenic signaling initiating cell movement in cerebral cortex P The interaction of soluble factors and receptors that result in the movement of cells in the primitive cerebral cortex.
21808 cytosolic calcium signaling involved in initiation of cell movement in glial-mediated radial cell migration P The process that results in the fluctuations in intracellular calcium that are responsible for the initiation of movement as a component of the process of cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial migration.
21809 neurotrophic factor signaling initiating cell movement, involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration P Signaling between members of the neurotrophin family and their receptors that result in the start of cell motility as a component of the process of cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial migration.
21810 neurotransmitter signaling initiating cell movement, involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration P Signaling by neurotransmitters and their receptors that results in the initiation of movement of cells as a component of the process of glial-mediated radial migration.
21811 growth factor signaling initiating cell movement involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration P Signaling between growth factors and their receptors that results in the start of cell movement, where this process is involved in glial-mediated radial migration in the cerebral cortex.
21812 neuronal-glial interaction involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration P The changes in adhesion between neuronal cells and glial cells as a component of the process of cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial cell migration.
21813 cell-cell adhesion involved in neuronal-glial interactions involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration P The interaction between two cells that modulates the association of a neuronal cell and a glial cell involved in glial-mediated radial cell migration in the cerebral cortex.
21814 cell motility involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration P The movement of a cell along the process of a radial glial cell involved in cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial migration.
21815 modulation of microtubule cytoskeleton involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration P Rearrangements of the microtubule cytoskeleton that contribute to the movement of cells along radial glial cells as a component of the process of cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial migration.
21816 extension of a leading process involved in cell motility in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration P The rearrangements of the microtubule cytoskeleton that result in the extension of a leading process, where this process is involved in the movement of cells along radial glial cells.
21817 nucleokinesis involved in cell motility in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration P The microtubule-mediated movement of the nucleus that is required for the movement of cells along radial glial fibers as a component of the process of cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial cell migration.
21818 modulation of the microfilament cytoskeleton involved in cell locomotion in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration P The changes in the actin cytoskeleton that are necessary for the movement of cells along radial glial cells as a component of the process of cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial cell migration.
21819 layer formation in cerebral cortex P The detachment of cells from radial glial fibers at the appropriate time when they cease to migrate and form distinct layer in the cerebral cortex.
21820 extracellular matrix organization in marginal zone involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration P The process that leads to the deposition of extracellular matrix signals in the marginal zone of the developing cerebral cortex. This extracellular matrix controls the movement of migrating cells. In mammals, the matrix is modified by Cajal-Retzius cells.
21821 negative regulation of cell-glial cell adhesion involved in cerebral cortex lamination P The process that results in the release of migrating cells from their interaction with radial glial cells as a component of the process of cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial cell migration.
21822 negative regulation of cell motility involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration P The intracellular signaling pathway that results in the cessation of cell movement involved in lamination of the cerebral cortex.
21823 cerebral cortex tangential migration using cell-cell interactions P The process in which neurons interact with each other to promote migration along a tangential plane.
21824 cerebral cortex tangential migration using cell-axon interactions P The movement of cerebral cortex neuronal precursors tangentially through the cortex using interaction of the migrating cells with axons of other neurons.
21825 substrate-dependent cerebral cortex tangential migration P The process where neuronal precursors migrate tangentially in the cerebral cortex, primarily guided through physical cell-cell interactions.
21826 substrate-independent telencephalic tangential migration P The process where neuronal precursors migrate tangentially in the telencephalon, primarily guided by interactions that do not require cell-cell contact.
21827 postnatal olfactory bulb interneuron migration P The migration of olfactory bulb interneuron precursors in the cerebral cortex that occurs after birth.
21828 gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neuronal migration to the hypothalamus P The directional movement of a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone producing neuron from the nasal placode to the hypothalamus.
21829 oligodendrocyte cell migration from the subpallium to the cortex P The directed movement of oligodendrocytes from the subpallium to the cerebral cortex during forebrain development.
21830 interneuron migration from the subpallium to the cortex P The directed movement of interneurons from the subpallium to the cortex during forebrain development.
21831 embryonic olfactory bulb interneuron precursor migration P The directed movement of individual interneuron precursors during the embryonic development of the olfactory bulb.
21832 cell-cell adhesion involved in cerebral cortex tangential migration using cell-cell interactions P The attachment of cells to one another to form groups of cells involved in cerebral cortex tangential migration.
21833 cell-matrix adhesion involved in tangential migration using cell-cell interactions P The interaction of a cell and the extracellular matrix involved in the directed tangential movement of cells mediated by cell-cell interactions in the developing cerebral cortex.
21834 chemorepulsion involved in embryonic olfactory bulb interneuron precursor migration P The creation and reception of signals that guide olfactory bulb interneuron precursors down concentration gradients towards the olfactory bulb.
21835 chemoattraction involved in embryonic olfactory bulb interneuron precursor migration P The creation and reception of signals that result in the migration of interneuron precursors up a concentration gradient towards the olfactory bulb.
21836 chemorepulsion involved in postnatal olfactory bulb interneuron migration P The creation and reception of signals that repel olfactory bulb interneurons from the subventricular zone as a component process in tangential migration.
21837 motogenic signaling involved in postnatal olfactory bulb interneuron migration P The signaling that results in the stimulation of cell movement in the rostral migratory stream.
21838 motogenic signaling involved in interneuron migration from the subpallium to the cortex P The creation and reception of signals that result in the directional movement of interneuron precursors from the subpallium to the cortex.
21839 interneuron-substratum interaction involved in interneuron migration from the subpallium to the cortex P The process in which migrating interneurons interact with an external substratum as a component of migration from the subpallium to the cortex.
21840 directional guidance of interneurons involved in migration from the subpallium to the cortex P The creation and reception of signals that control the direction of migration of interneurons as a component of the process of migration from the subpallium to the cortex.
21841 chemoattraction involved in interneuron migration from the subpallium to the cortex P The creation and reception of signals that result in the movement of interneurons toward the signal, where this process is involved in migration from the subpallium to the cortex.
21842 chemorepulsion involved in interneuron migration from the subpallium to the cortex P The creation and reception of signals that result in the movement of interneurons away from the signal during migration from the subpallium to the cortex.
21843 substrate-independent telencephalic tangential interneuron migration P The directional movement of tangentially migrating interneurons that are not guided by attaching to extracellular substrates.
21844 interneuron sorting involved in substrate-independent cerebral cortex tangential migration P The establishment and response to guidance cues that distribute interneurons to different cerebral cortex structures.
21845 neurotransmitter-mediated guidance of interneurons involved in substrate-independent cerebral cortex tangential migration P The response of migrating interneurons to neurotransmitters that alter electrical activity in cells in calcium dependent manner.
21846 cell proliferation in forebrain P The creation of greater cell numbers in the forebrain due to cell division of progenitor cells.
21847 ventricular zone neuroblast division P The proliferation of neuroblasts in the ventricular zone of the cerebral cortex. The neuronal progenitors of these cells will migrate radially.
21848 neuroblast division in subpallium P The division of neuroblasts in the subpallium area of the forebrain. The interneuron precursors that these cells give rise to include GABAergic interneurons and will migrate tangentially.
21849 neuroblast division in subventricular zone P The division of neuroblasts in the subventricular zone of the forebrain. The interneuron precursors that these cells give rise to include adult olfactory bulb interneurons and migrate tangentially.
21850 subpallium glioblast cell division P The division of glioblasts in the subpallium. These cells will give rise to oligodendrocytes.
21851 neuroblast division in dorsal lateral ganglionic eminence P The division of neuroblasts in the dorsal region of the lateral ganglionic eminence. These cells give rise to embryonic interneuron precursors that will migrate tangentially to the olfactory bulb.
21852 pyramidal neuron migration P The migration of pyramidal a neuron precursor from the ventricular zone to the correct layer of the cerebral cortex.
21853 cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron migration P The migration of GABAergic interneuron precursors from the subpallium to the cerebral cortex.
21854 hypothalamus development P The progression of the hypothalamus region of the forebrain, from its initial formation to its mature state.
21855 hypothalamus cell migration P The directed movement of a cell into the hypothalamus region of the forebrain.
21856 hypothalamic tangential migration using cell-axon interactions P The movement of a hypothalamic neuronal precursor tangentially through the forebrain using an interaction of the migrating cells with axons of other neurons.
21858 GABAergic neuron differentiation in basal ganglia P The process in which a neuroblast acquires the specialized structural and functional features of a GABAergic inhibitory neuron in the basal ganglia. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a GABAergic neuron.
21859 pyramidal neuron differentiation P The process in which a neuroblast or one of its progeny commits to a pyramidal neuron fate, migrates from the ventricular zone to the appropriate layer in the cortex and develops into a mature neuron.
21860 pyramidal neuron development P The progression of a pyramidal neuron from its initial formation to its mature state.
21861 forebrain radial glial cell differentiation P The process in which neuroepithelial cells of the neural tube give rise to radial glial cells, specialized bipotential progenitors cells of the forebrain. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
21862 early neuron differentiation in forebrain P The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of neurons. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
21863 forebrain neuroblast differentiation P The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of basal progenitor cells, neuroblasts that lose their contacts with the ventricular surface. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
21864 radial glial cell division in forebrain P The mitotic division of radial glial cells in the developing forebrain.
21865 symmetric radial glial cell division in forebrain P The mitotic division of a radial glial cell giving rise to two new radial glial cells in the forebrain.
21866 asymmetric radial glial cell division in forebrain P The mitotic cell division of a radial glial cell giving rise to a radial glial cell and another cell type.
21867 neuron-producing asymmetric radial glial cell division in forebrain P The unequal mitotic division of a radial glial cell in the forebrain that gives rise to a radial glial cell and a post-mitotic neuronal progenitor.
21868 ventricular zone cell-producing asymmetric radial glial cell division in forebrain P The unequal mitotic division of a forebrain radial glial cell that gives rise to a radial glial cell and a ventricular zone cell.
21869 forebrain ventricular zone progenitor cell division P The mitotic division of a basal progenitor giving rise to two neurons.
21870 Cajal-Retzius cell differentiation P The process in which a neuroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a Cajal-Retzius cell, one of a transient population of pioneering neurons in the cerebral cortex. These cells are slender bipolar cells of the developing marginal zone. One feature of these cells in mammals is that they express the Reelin gene.
21871 forebrain regionalization P The regionalization process resulting in the creation of areas within the forebrain that will direct the behavior of cell migration in differentiation as the forebrain develops.
21872 forebrain generation of neurons P The process in which nerve cells are generated in the forebrain. This includes the production of neuroblasts from and their differentiation into neurons.
21873 forebrain neuroblast division P The division of a neuroblast located in the forebrain. Neuroblast division gives rise to at least another neuroblast.
21874 Wnt signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuroblast division P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell that contributes to the self renewal of neuroblasts in the forebrain.
21875 fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuroblast division P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to the self renewal of neuroblasts in the forebrain.
21876 Notch signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuroblast division P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell that contributes to the self renewal of neuroblasts in the forebrain.
21877 forebrain neuron fate commitment P The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a neuron that resides in the forebrain.
21878 forebrain astrocyte fate commitment P The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an astrocyte that resides in the forebrain.
21879 forebrain neuron differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron that will reside in the forebrain.
21880 Notch signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell that contributes to the commitment of a neuroblast to a neuronal fate. The neuron will reside in the forebrain.
21881 Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell that contributes to the commitment of a neuroblast to aneuronal fate. The neuron will reside in the forebrain.
21882 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the commitment of a neuroblast to a neuronal fate. The neuron will reside in the forebrain.
21883 cell cycle arrest of committed forebrain neuronal progenitor cell P The process in which the cell cycle is halted during one of the normal phases (G1, S, G2, M) in a cell that has been committed to become a neuron that will reside in the forebrain.
21884 forebrain neuron development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron that resides in the forebrain, from its initial commitment to its fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
21885 forebrain cell migration P The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another at least one of which is located in the forebrain.
21886 hypothalamus gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neuron differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron located in the hypothalamus. These neurons release gonadotrophin-releasing hormone as a neural transmitter.
21887 hypothalamus gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neuron fate commitment P The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a hypothalamus neuron that releases gonadotrophin-releasing hormone.
21888 hypothalamus gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neuron development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a hypothalamus gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neuron over time, from initial commitment of its fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
21889 olfactory bulb interneuron differentiation P The process in which a neuroblast acquires specialized features of an interneuron residing in the olfactory bulb.
21890 olfactory bulb interneuron fate commitment P The process in which the developmental fate of a neuroblast becomes restricted such that it will develop into an interneuron residing in the olfactory bulb.
21891 olfactory bulb interneuron development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an interneuron residing in the olfactory bulb, from its initial commitment, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
21892 cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a GABAergic interneuron residing in the cerebral cortex.
21893 cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron fate commitment P The process in which the developmental fate of a neuroblast becomes restricted such that it will develop into a GABAergic interneuron residing in the cerebral cortex.
21894 cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron over time, from initial commitment to its fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
21895 cerebral cortex neuron differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron residing in the cerebral cortex.
21896 forebrain astrocyte differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an astrocyte residing in the forebrain. An astrocyte is the most abundant type of glial cell. Astrocytes provide support for neurons and regulate the environment in which they function.
21897 forebrain astrocyte development P The process aimed at the progression of an astrocyte that resides in the forebrain, from initial commitment of the cell to its fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. An astrocyte is the most abundant type of glial cell. Astrocytes provide support for neurons and regulate the environment in which they function.
21898 commitment of multipotent stem cells to neuronal lineage in forebrain P The initial commitment of cells whereby the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into some type of neuron in the forebrain.
21899 fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to the commitment of a neuroblast to a neuronal fate. The neuron will reside in the forebrain.
21900 ventricular zone cell fate commitment P The commitment of neuroblast to become a basal progenitor cell. Basal progenitor cells are neuronal precursor cells that are committed to becoming neurons.
21901 early neuron fate commitment in forebrain P The commitment of neuroepithelial cell to become a neuron that will reside in the forebrain.
21902 commitment of neuronal cell to specific neuron type in forebrain P The commitment of neuronal precursor cells to become specialized types of neurons in the forebrain.
21903 rostrocaudal neural tube patterning P The process in which the neural tube is divided into specific regions along the rostrocaudal axis.
21904 dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning P The process in which the neural tube is regionalized in the dorsoventral axis.
21905 forebrain-midbrain boundary formation P The process whose specific outcome is the creation of the forebrain-midbrain boundary.
21906 hindbrain-spinal cord boundary formation P The process whose specific outcome is the formation of the hindbrain-spinal cord boundary.
21907 fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in spinal cord anterior/posterior pattern formation P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that results in the spatial identity of regions along the anterior-posterior axis of the spinal cord.
21908 retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway involved in spinal cord anterior/posterior pattern formation P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a retinoic acid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that results in the spatial identity of regions along the anterior-posterior axis of the spinal cord.
21909 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in spinal cord anterior-posterior patterning P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that results in the spatial identity of regions along the anterior-posterior axis of the spinal cord.
21910 smoothened signaling pathway involved in ventral spinal cord patterning P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened that results in the spatial identity of regions along the dorsal-ventral axis of the spinal cord.
21911 retinoic acid metabolic process in spinal cord anterior-posterior patterning P The chemical reactions and pathways involving the synthesis and degradation of retionic acid that results in the spatial identity of regions along the anterior-posterior axis of the spinal cord.
21912 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in spinal cord motor neuron fate specification P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that results the commitment of a cell to become a motor neuron in the ventral spinal cord.
21913 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in ventral spinal cord interneuron specification P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that results in the commitment of a cell to become an interneuron in the ventral spinal cord.
21914 negative regulation of smoothened signaling pathway involved in ventral spinal cord patterning P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling that is involved in the patterns of cell differentiation in the ventral spinal cord.
21915 neural tube development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neural tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mature structure of the neural tube exists when the tube has been segmented into the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord regions. In addition neural crest has budded away from the epithelium.
21916 inductive cell-cell signaling between paraxial mesoderm and motor neuron precursors P Short range signaling between cells of the paraxial mesoderm and motor neuron precursors in the spinal cord that specifies the fate of the motor column neuron precursors along the anterior-posterior axis.
21917 somatic motor neuron fate commitment P The commitment of unspecified motor neurons to specific motor neuron cell along the anterior-posterior axis of the spinal cord and their capacity to differentiate into specific motor neurons.
21918 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in somatic motor neuron fate commitment P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the commitment of spinal cord motor neurons to specific motor neuron types along the anterior-posterior axis.
21919 BMP signaling pathway involved in spinal cord dorsal/ventral patterning P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the spatial identity of regions along the dorsal-ventral axis of the spinal cord.
21920 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in spinal cord association neuron specification P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the commitment of neuronal precursors to association neurons in the dorsal spinal cord.
21921 regulation of cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord P The process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in the dorsal spinal cord.
21922 Wnt signaling pathway involved in regulation of cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of a cell in the dorsal spinal cord that affects the rate of its division.
21923 cell proliferation in hindbrain ventricular zone P The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population in the hindbrain region that is adjacent to the ventricular cavity.
21924 cell proliferation in external granule layer P The multiplication or reproduction of neuroblasts resulting in the expansion of a cell population in the external granule layer of the hindbrain. The external granule layer is the layer that originates from the rostral half of the rhombic lip in the first rhombomere.
21925 cerebellar Purkinje cell precursor proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of neuroblasts that will give rise to Purkinje cells. A Purkinje cell is an inhibitory GABAergic neuron found in the cerebellar cortex that projects to the deep cerebellar nuclei and brain stem.
21926 Golgi cell precursor proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of neuroblasts that will give rise to Golgi cells. A Golgi cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.
21927 deep nuclear neuron precursor proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of neuroblasts that will give rise to deep nuclear neurons.
21928 basket cell precursor proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of neuroblasts that will give rise to basket cells. A cerebellar basket cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.
21929 stellate cell precursor proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of neuroblasts that will give rise to stellate cells. A cerebellar stellate cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.
21930 cerebellar granule cell precursor proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of neuroblasts that will give rise to granule cells. A granule cell is a glutamatergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.
21931 rostral hindbrain neuronal precursor cell proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of neuroblasts that will give rise to neurons of the lateral pontine nucleus and the locus ceruleus.
21932 hindbrain radial glia guided cell migration P The radially directed movement of a cell along radial glial cells in the hindbrain. Radial migration refers to a directed movement from the internal ventricular area to the outer surface of the hindbrain.
21933 radial glia guided migration of cerebellar granule cell P The inward migration of postmitotic granule cells along a radial glial cell from the external granule layer to the internal granule cell layer.
21934 hindbrain tangential cell migration P The migration of a cell in the hindbrain in which cells move orthogonal to the direction of radial migration.
21935 cerebellar granule cell precursor tangential migration P The early migration of granule cell precursors in which cells move orthogonal to the direction of radial migration and ultimately cover the superficial zone of the cerebellar primordium.
21936 regulation of cerebellar granule cell precursor proliferation P The process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of granule cell precursor proliferation.
21937 cerebellar Purkinje cell-granule cell precursor cell signaling involved in regulation of granule cell precursor cell proliferation P The process that mediates the transfer of information from Purkinje cells to granule cell precursors resulting in an increase in rate of granule cell precursor cell proliferation.
21938 smoothened signaling pathway involved in regulation of cerebellar granule cell precursor cell proliferation P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened in cerebellar granule cells that contributes to the regulation of proliferation of the cells.
21939 extracellular matrix-granule cell signaling involved in regulation of granule cell precursor proliferation P The process that mediates the transfer of information from the extracellular matrix to granule cell precursors resulting in a decrease in rate of granule cell precursor cell proliferation.
21940 positive regulation of cerebellar granule cell precursor proliferation P The process that activates or increases the rate or extent of granule cell precursor proliferation.
21941 negative regulation of cerebellar granule cell precursor proliferation P The process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of granule cell precursor proliferation.
21942 radial glia guided migration of Purkinje cell P The migration of postmitotic a Purkinje cell along radial glial cells from the ventricular zone to the Purkinje cell layer.
21943 formation of radial glial scaffolds P The formation of scaffolds from a radial glial cell. The scaffolds are used as a substrate for the radial migration of cells.
21944 neuronal-glial interaction involved in hindbrain glial-mediated radial cell migration P The changes in adhesion between a neuronal cell and a glial cell as a component of the process of hindbrain glial-mediated radial cell migration.
21945 positive regulation of cerebellar granule cell migration by calcium P The process that increases the extent of granule cell motility using intracellular calcium signaling mechanisms during radial migration.
21946 deep nuclear neuron cell migration P The directed movement of a deep nuclear neuron from the ventricular zone to the deep hindbrain nuclei.
21947 outward migration of deep nuclear neurons P The directed movement of a deep nuclear neuron from their ventrolateral origin to a rostrodorsal region of the cerebellar plate.
21948 inward migration of deep nuclear neurons P The directed movement of a deep nuclear neuron from the rostrodorsal region of the cerebellar plate to their final more ventral position.
21949 brainstem precerebellar neuron precursor migration P The early migration of a precerebellar neuronal precursor in which a cell move from the rhombic lip, orthogonal to the direction of radial migration and ultimately reside in the brainstem.
21950 chemorepulsion involved in precerebellar neuron migration P The creation and reception of signals that repel a precerebellar neuron as a component of the process of tangential migration.
21951 chemoattraction involved in precerebellar neuron migration P The creation and reception of signals that guide a precerebellar neuron towards their signals, where this process is involved in tangential migration.
21952 central nervous system projection neuron axonogenesis P Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells in a different central nervous system region.
21953 central nervous system neuron differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron whose cell body resides in the central nervous system.
21954 central nervous system neuron development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron whose cell body is located in the central nervous system, from initial commitment of the cell to a neuronal fate, to the fully functional differentiated neuron.
21955 central nervous system neuron axonogenesis P Generation of a long process from a neuron whose cell body resides in the central nervous system. The process carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells.
21956 central nervous system interneuron axonogenesis P Generation of a long process that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells from a neuron located in the central nervous system whose axons remain within a single brain region.
21957 corticospinal tract morphogenesis P Generation of a long process of a pyramidal cell, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in cerebral cortex layer V towards target cells in the gray matter of the spinal cord. This axonal process is a member of those that make up the corticospinal tract.
21958 gracilis tract morphogenesis P Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the dorsal root ganglion towards target cells in the medulla. This axonal process is a member of those that make up the gracilis tract, a group of axons that are from neurons involved in proprioception from the lower trunk and lower limb.
21959 cuneatus tract morphogenesis P Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the dorsal root ganglion towards target cells in the medulla. This axonal process is a member of those that make up the cuneatus tract, a group of axons that are from neurons involved in proprioception from the upper trunk and upper limb.
21960 anterior commissure morphogenesis P Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in one half of the cerebral cortex towards target cells in the contralateral half. This axonal process is a member of those that make up the anterior commissure, a small midline fiber tract that lies at the anterior end of the corpus callosum.
21961 posterior commissure morphogenesis P Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the midbrain towards target cells in the diencephalon.
21962 vestibulospinal tract morphogenesis P Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the vestibular nucleus of the pons towards target cells in the spinal cord.
21963 spinothalamic tract morphogenesis P Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the spinal cord towards target cells in the thalamus. This axonal process is a member of those that make up the spinothalamic tract, one of the major routes of nociceptive signaling.
21964 rubrospinal tract morphogenesis P Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the red nucleus of the midbrain towards target cells in the spinal cord.
21965 spinal cord ventral commissure morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the spinal cord ventral commissure are generated and organized.
21966 corticospinal neuron axon guidance P The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a neuron that is part of the corticospinal tract is directed from the cerebral cortex layer V to the spinal cord dorsal funiculus in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
21967 corticospinal neuron axon guidance through the cerebral cortex P The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a pyramidal cell that is part of the corticospinal tract is directed from its cell body in layer V through the cerebral cortex in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
21968 corticospinal neuron axon guidance through the internal capsule P The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a pyramidal cell that is part of the corticospinal tract is directed after exiting the cerebral cortex through the internal capsule in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
21969 corticospinal neuron axon guidance through the cerebral peduncle P The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a pyramidal cell that is part of the corticospinal tract is directed after exiting the internal capsule through the cerebral peduncle in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
21970 corticospinal neuron axon guidance through the basilar pons P The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a pyramidal cell that is part of the corticospinal tract is directed after exiting the cerebral peduncle through the basilar pons in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
21971 corticospinal neuron axon guidance through the medullary pyramid P The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a pyramidal cell that is part of the corticospinal tract is directed after exiting the basilar pons through the medullary pyramid in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
21972 corticospinal neuron axon guidance through spinal cord P The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a pyramidal cell that is part of the corticospinal tract is directed after decussation through the spinal cord in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
21973 corticospinal neuron axon decussation P The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a pyramidal cell that is part of the corticospinal tract is directed to cross the midline to the contralateral side.
21974 trigeminothalamic tract morphogenesis P Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in spinal cord towards target cells in the thalamus. This axonal process is a member of those that make up the trigeminothalamic tract, one of the major routes of nociceptive and temperature signaling from the face.
21975 pons reticulospinal tract morphogenesis P Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the pons towards target cells in the spinal cord.
21976 medulla reticulospinal tract morphogenesis P Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the medulla towards target cells in the spinal cord.
21977 tectospinal tract morphogenesis P Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the superior colliculus of the midbrain towards target cells in the ventral spinal cord.
21978 telencephalon regionalization P The regionalization process that creates areas within the forebrain that will direct the behavior of cell migration in differentiation as the telencephalon develops.
21979 hypothalamus cell differentiation P The differentiation of cells that will contribute to the structure and function of the hypothalamus.
21980 subpallium cell migration P The orderly movement of cells from one site to another in the subpallium.
21981 subpallium radially oriented migration P The migration of cells in the developing subpallium in which cells move from the ventricular and/or subventricular zone toward the surface of the brain.
21982 pineal gland development P The progression of the pineal gland over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The pineal gland is an endocrine gland that secretes melatonin and is involved in circadian rhythms.
21983 pituitary gland development P The progression of the pituitary gland over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The pituitary gland is an endocrine gland that secretes hormones that regulate many other glands.
21984 adenohypophysis development P The progression of the adenohypophysis over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The adenohypophysis is the anterior part of the pituitary. It secretes a variety of hormones and its function is regulated by the hypothalamus.
21985 neurohypophysis development P The progression of the neurohypophysis over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The neurohypophysis is the part of the pituitary gland that secretes hormones involved in blood pressure regulation.
21986 habenula development P The progression of the habenula over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The habenula is the group of nuclei that makes up the stalk of the pineal gland.
21987 cerebral cortex development P The progression of the cerebral cortex over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The cerebral cortex is the outer layered region of the telencephalon.
21988 olfactory lobe development P The progression of the olfactory lobe over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The olfactory lobe is the area of the brain that process the neural inputs for the sense of smell.
21989 olfactory cortex development P The progression of the olfactory cortex over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The olfactory cortex is involved in the perception of smell. It receives input from the olfactory bulb and is responsible for the identification of odors.
21990 neural plate formation P The formation of the flat, thickened layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. The underlying dorsal mesoderm signals the ectodermal cells above it to elongate into columnar neural plate cells. The neural plate subsequently develops into the neural tube, which gives rise to the central nervous system.
21991 neural plate thickening P The process of apical-basal elongation of individual ectodermal cells during the formation of the neural placode.
21992 cell proliferation involved in neural plate elongation P The process of expansion of cell numbers in the neural plate due to cell division of progenitor cells preferentially in the rostrocaudal direction, resulting in the elongation of the tissue.
21993 initiation of neural tube closure P The process in which closure points are established at multiple points and along the neural rostrocaudal axis.
21994 progression of neural tube closure P The process in which the neural folds are fused extending from the initial closure points.
21995 neuropore closure P The process of joining together the neural folds at either end of the neural tube.
21996 lamina terminalis formation P The process in which the anterior-most portion of the neural axis is formed by closure of the anterior neuropore.
21997 neural plate axis specification P The pattern specification process in which the axes of the nervous system are established.
21998 neural plate mediolateral regionalization P The process that regulates the coordinated growth and differentiation that establishes the non-random mediolateral spatial arrangement of the neural plate.
21999 neural plate anterior/posterior regionalization P The process that regulates the coordinated growth and differentiation that establishes the non-random anterior-posterior spatial arrangement of the neural plate.
22000 forebrain induction by the anterior neural ridge P The close range interaction of the anterior neural ridge to the caudal region of the neural plate that specifies the forebrain fate.
22001 negative regulation of anterior neural cell fate commitment of the neural plate P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency or rate at which a cell adopts an anterior neural cell fate.
22002 negative regulation of anterior neural cell fate commitment of the neural plate by Wnt signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency or rate at which a cell adopts an anterior neural cell fate, initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell.
22003 negative regulation of anterior neural cell fate commitment of the neural plate by fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency or rate at which cell adopts an anterior neural cell fate, generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
22004 midbrain-hindbrain boundary maturation during brain development P A developmental process occurring after the brain has been specified along the neural axis that is required for the midbrain-hindbrain boundary to attain its fully functional state. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages. An organizing center at the boundary patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate.
22005 midbrain-hindbrain boundary maturation during neural plate development P A developmental process occurring before the brain has been specified along the neural axis that is required for the midbrain-hindbrain boundary to attain its fully functional state. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages. An organizing center at the boundary patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate.
22006 zona limitans intrathalamica formation P The formation of the narrow stripe of cells that lies between the prospective dorsal and ventral thalami. This boundary contains signals that pattern the prethalamic and thalamic territories of the future mid-diencephalon.
22007 convergent extension involved in neural plate elongation P The process of directed cell movement in the neural plate resulting in tissue elongation via intercalation of adjacent cells in an epithelial sheet at the midline, leading to narrowing and lengthening of the neural plate.
22008 neurogenesis P Generation of cells within the nervous system.
22009 central nervous system vasculogenesis P The differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells during blood vessel development, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes in the central nervous system. The capillary endothelial cells in the brain are specialized to form the blood-brain barrier.
22010 central nervous system myelination P The process in which neuronal axons and dendrites become coated with a segmented lipid-rich sheath (myelin) to enable faster and more energetically efficient conduction of electrical impulses. The sheath is formed by the cell membranes of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier.
22011 myelination in peripheral nervous system P The process in which neuronal axons and dendrites become coated with a segmented lipid-rich sheath (myelin) to enable faster and more energetically efficient conduction of electrical impulses. The sheath is formed by the cell membranes of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier.
22012 subpallium cell proliferation in forebrain P The multiplication or reproduction of subpallium cells in the forebrain, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
22013 pallium cell proliferation in forebrain P The multiplication or reproduction of pallium cells in the forebrain, resulting in the expansion of the cell population.
22014 radial glial cell division in subpallium P The division of a radial glial cell in the subpallium. A radial glial cell is a precursor cell that gives rise to neurons and astrocytes.
22015 radial glial cell division in pallium P The division of a radial glial cell in the pallium. A radial glial cell is a precursor cell that gives rise to neurons and astrocytes.
22016 pallium glioblast division P The division of a glioblast in the pallium. A glioblast is a dividing precursor cell that gives rise to glial cells.
22017 neuroblast division in pallium P The division of neuroblasts in the pallium. Neuroblasts are precursor cells that give rise to neurons.
22018 lateral ganglionic eminence cell proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of lateral ganglionic eminence cells, resulting in the expansion of the cell population.
22019 dorsal lateral ganglionic eminence cell proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of dorsal lateral ganglionic eminence cells, resulting in the expansion of the cell population.
22020 medial ganglionic eminence cell proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of medial ganglionic eminence cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
22021 caudal ganglionic eminence cell proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of caudal ganglionic eminence cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
22022 septal cell proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of septal cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
22023 radial glial cell fate commitment in forebrain P The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a radial glial cell in the forebrain.
22024 BMP signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the commitment of a neuroblast to a neuronal fate. The neuron will reside in the forebrain.
22025 leukemia inhibitory factor signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment P Any series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of leukemia inhibitory factor to a receptor on the surface of the target cell, that contributes to the commitment of a neuroblast to a neuronal fate. The neuron will reside in the forebrain.
22026 epidermal growth factor signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a epidermal growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to the commitment of a neuroblast to a neuronal fate. The neuron will reside in the forebrain.
22027 interkinetic nuclear migration P The movement of the nucleus of the ventricular zone cell between the apical and the basal zone surfaces. Mitosis occurs when the nucleus is near the apical surface, that is, the lumen of the ventricle.
22028 tangential migration from the subventricular zone to the olfactory bulb P The migration of cells in the telencephalon from the subventricular zone to the olfactory bulb in which cells move orthogonally to the direction of radial migration and do not use radial glial cell processes as substrates for migration.
22029 telencephalon cell migration P The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another at least one of which is located in the telencephalon.
22030 telencephalon glial cell migration P The orderly movement of glial cells through the telencephalon.
22031 telencephalon astrocyte cell migration P The orderly movement of an astrocyte cell through the telencephalon.
22032 telencephalon oligodendrocyte cell migration P The multiplication or reproduction of telencephalon oligodendrocyte cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
22033 telencephalon microglial cell migration P The orderly movement of microglial cells through the telencephalon.
22034 rhombomere cell proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of rhombomere cells, resulting in the expansion of the cell population.
22035 rhombomere cell migration P The movement of a cell within a rhombomere. This process is known to occur as an early step in the generation of anatomical structure from a rhombomere.
22036 rhombomere cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a rhombomere cell.
22037 metencephalon development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metencephalon over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
22038 corpus callosum development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the corpus callosum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The corpus callosum is a thick bundle of nerve fibers comprising a commissural plate connecting the two cerebral hemispheres. It consists of contralateral axon projections that provide communication between the right and left cerebral hemispheres.
22400 regulation of rhodopsin mediated signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of rhodopsin-mediated signaling.
22401 negative adaptation of signaling pathway P The negative regulation of a signal transduction pathway in response to a stimulus upon prolonged exposure to that stimulus.
22402 cell cycle process P The cellular process that ensures successive accurate and complete genome replication and chromosome segregation.
22403 cell cycle phase P One of the distinct periods or stages into which the cell cycle is divided. Each phase is characterized by the occurrence of specific biochemical and morphological events.
22404 molting cycle process P A multicellular organismal process involved in the periodic casting off and regeneration of an outer covering of cuticle, feathers, hair, horns, skin.
22405 hair cycle process P A multicellular organismal process involved in the cyclical phases of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair; one of the collection or mass of filaments growing from the skin of an animal, and forming a covering for a part of the head or for any part or the whole of the body.
22406 membrane docking P The initial attachment of a membrane or protein to a target membrane. Docking requires only that the proteins come close enough to interact and adhere.
22407 regulation of cell-cell adhesion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell.
22408 negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell adhesion to another cell.
22409 positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion P Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell adhesion to another cell.
22410 circadian sleep/wake cycle process P A behavioral process involved in the cycle from wakefulness through an orderly succession of sleep states and stages that occurs on an approximately 24 hour rhythm.
22411 cellular component disassembly P A cellular process that results in the breakdown of a cellular component.
22412 cellular process involved in reproduction in multicellular organism P A process, occurring at the cellular level, that is involved in the reproductive function of a multicellular organism.
22413 reproductive process in single-celled organism P A process, occurring at the cellular level, that is involved in the reproductive function of a single-celled organism.
22414 reproductive process P A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals by one or two organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents.
22416 chaeta development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a chaeta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A chaeta is a sensory multicellular cuticular outgrowth of a specifically differentiated cell.
22417 protein maturation by protein folding P The process of assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single chain polypeptides or multisubunit complexes into the correct tertiary structure that results in the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein.
22600 digestive system process P A physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.
22601 menstrual cycle phase P The progression of physiological phases, occurring in the endometrium during the menstrual cycle that recur at regular intervals during the reproductive years. The menstrual cycle is an ovulation cycle where the endometrium is shed if pregnancy does not occur.
22602 ovulation cycle process P A process involved in the sexual cycle seen in females, often with physiologic changes in the endometrium that recur at regular intervals during the reproductive years.
22603 regulation of anatomical structure morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anatomical structure morphogenesis.
22604 regulation of cell morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis. Cell morphogenesis is the developmental process in which the shape of a cell is generated and organized.
22605 oogenesis stage P A reproductive process that is a step in the formation and maturation of an ovum or female gamete from a primordial female germ cell.
22606 establishment of proximal/distal cell polarity P The specification and formation of the polarity of a cell along its proximal/distal axis.
22607 cellular component assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a cellular component.
22608 multicellular organism adhesion P The attachment of a multicellular organism to a substrate or other organism.
22609 multicellular organism adhesion to substrate P The attachment of a multicellular organism to a surface or material.
22610 biological adhesion P The attachment of a cell or organism to a substrate, another cell, or other organism. Biological adhesion includes intracellular attachment between membrane regions.
22611 dormancy process P A developmental process in which dormancy (sometimes called a dormant state) is induced, maintained or broken. Dormancy is a suspension of most physiological activity and growth that can be reactivated.
22612 gland morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of a gland are generated and organized.
22613 ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis P A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a complex containing RNA and proteins. Includes the biosynthesis of the constituent RNA and protein molecules, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the ribonucleoprotein complex.
22614 membrane to membrane docking P The initial attachment of a membrane to a target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the two membranes. Docking requires only that the membranes come close enough for the proteins to interact and adhere.
22615 protein to membrane docking P The initial attachment of a protein to a target membrane, mediated by a proteins protruding from the target membrane. Docking requires only that the proteins come close enough to interact and adhere.
22616 DNA strand elongation P The DNA metabolic process in which a DNA strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 3' end of an existing DNA stand.
22617 extracellular matrix disassembly P A process that results in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix.
22618 ribonucleoprotein complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a ribonucleoprotein complex.
22619 generative cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a generative cell. The generative cell gives rise to the sperm cells in the male gametophyte.
22620 vegetative cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a vegetative cell. The vegetative cell is gives rise to the pollen tube.
22622 root system development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the root system over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
22623 proteasome-activating nucleotidase complex C A homohexameric complex that recognizes and unfolds core proteasome substrate proteins, and translocates them to the core complex in an ATP dependent manner.
22624 proteasome accessory complex C A protein complex, that caps one or both ends of the proteasome core complex and regulates entry into, or exit from, the proteasome core complex.
22625 cytosolic large ribosomal subunit C The large subunit of a ribosome located in the cytosol.
22626 cytosolic ribosome C A ribosome located in the cytosol.
22627 cytosolic small ribosomal subunit C The small subunit of a ribosome located in the cytosol.
22628 chloroplast large ribosomal subunit C The large subunit of a ribosome contained within a chloroplast.
22629 chloroplast small ribosomal subunit C The small subunit of a ribosome contained within a chloroplast.
22803 passive transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of a solute from one side of the membrane to the other, down the solute's concentration gradient.
22804 active transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a specific substance or related group of substances from one side of a membrane to the other, up the solute's concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction.
22809 mobile ion carrier activity F This is a type of carrier produced by bacteria. It enables passive transport by shielding the ion that is being transported from the lipid membrane. It carries an ion across the membrane by enclosing the ion and travelling across the membrane. It does not form a fully open pore across the membrane.
22810 membrane potential driven uniporter activity F Enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism involving conformational change, where energy for active transport is derived from membrane potential if the solute is charged.
22814 facilitated diffusion F Catalysis of the transfer of a single solute from one side of the membrane to the other by a mechanism involving conformational change, either by facilitated diffusion or in a membrane potential dependent process if the solute is charged.
22818 sodium ion uniporter activity F Catalysis of the active transport of a sodium ion across a membrane by a mechanism involving conformational change, where energy for active transport is derived from membrane potential if the solute is charged.
22819 potassium ion uniporter activity F Catalysis of the active transport of a potassium ion across a membrane by a mechanism involving conformational change, where energy for active transport is derived from membrane potential if the solute is charged.
22820 potassium ion symporter activity F Catalysis of the active transport of a potassium ion across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported together in the same direction in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy.
22821 potassium ion antiporter activity F Catalysis of the active transport of a potassium ion across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported in opposite directions in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy.
22824 transmitter-gated ion channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific neurotransmitter has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
22828 phosphorylation-gated channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a solute by a channel that opens in response to phosphorylation of one of its constituent parts.
22829 wide pore channel activity F Enables the transport of a solute across a membrane via a large pore, un-gated channel. Examples include gap junctions, which transport substances from one cell to another; and porins which transport substances in and out of bacteria, mitochondria and chloroplasts.
22831 narrow pore, gated channel activity F Enables the transport of a solute across a membrane via a narrow pore channel that opens in response to a particular stimulus.
22832 voltage-gated channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a solute by a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
22833 mechanically gated channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a solute by a channel that opens in response to a mechanical stress.
22834 ligand-gated channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a solute by a channel that opens when a specific ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
22835 transmitter-gated channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a solute by a channel that opens when a specific neurotransmitter has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
22836 gated channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a solute by a channel that opens in response to a specific stimulus.
22838 substrate-specific channel activity F Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion, mediated by passage of a specific solute through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel. Stereospecificity is not exhibited but this transport may be specific for a particular molecular species or class of molecules.
22839 ion gated channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a solute by a channel that opens in response to a specific ion stimulus.
22840 leak channel activity F Enables the transport of a solute across a membrane via a narrow pore channel that is open even in an unstimulated or 'resting' state.
22841 potassium ion leak channel activity F Enables the transport of a potassium ion across a membrane via a narrow pore channel that is open even in an unstimulated or 'resting' state.
22842 narrow pore channel activity F Enables the transport of a solute across a membrane via a narrow pore channel that may be gated or ungated.
22843 voltage-gated cation channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a voltage-gated channel. A cation is a positively charged ion. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
22848 acetylcholine-gated cation-selective channel activity F Selectively enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a channel that opens upon binding acetylcholine.
22849 glutamate-gated calcium ion channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when glutamate has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
22850 serotonin-gated cation-selective channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a channel that opens when serotonin has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
22851 GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a channel that opens when GABA has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
22852 glycine-gated chloride ion channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a channel that opens when glycine has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
22853 active ion transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of an ion from one side of a membrane to the other up the solute's concentration gradient. This is carried out by binding the solute and undergoing a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction.
22855 protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-glucose phosphotransferase system transporter activity F Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + glucose(out) = protein histidine + glucose phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.
22856 protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-sorbitol phosphotransferase system transporter activity F Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + sorbitol(out) = protein histidine + sorbitol phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.
22857 transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of a substance from one side of a membrane to the other.
22858 alanine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of alanine from one side of a membrane to the other. Alanine is 2-aminopropanoic acid.
22859 dephosphorylation-gated channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a solute by a channel that opens in response to dephosphorylation of one of its constituent parts.
22865 transmembrane electron transfer carrier F Enables electron flow across a biological membrane, from donors localized on one side of the membrane to acceptors localized on the other side. These systems contribute to or subtract from the membrane potential, depending on the direction of electron flow. They are therefore important to cellular energetics.
22866 transmembrane 1-electron transfer carrier F Enables transfer of one electron across a membrane.
22867 transmembrane 2-electron transfer carrier F Enables transfer of two electrons across a membrane.
22869 protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-lactose phosphotransferase system transporter activity F Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + lactose(out) = protein histidine + lactose phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.
22870 protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-mannose phosphotransferase system transporter activity F Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + mannose(out) = protein histidine + mannose phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.
22871 protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-sorbose phosphotransferase system transporter activity F Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + sorbose(out) = protein histidine + sorbose phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.
22872 protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-mannitol phosphotransferase system transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + mannitol(out) = protein histidine + mannitol phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.
22873 protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-maltose phosphotransferase system transporter activity F Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + maltose(out) = protein histidine + maltose phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.
22874 protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-cellobiose phosphotransferase system transporter activity F Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + cellobiose(out) = protein histidine + cellobiose phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.
22875 protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-galactitol phosphotransferase system transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + galactitol(out) = protein histidine + galactitol phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.
22876 protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-galactosamine phosphotransferase system transporter activity F Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + galactosamine(out) = protein histidine + galactosamine phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.
22877 protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-fructose phosphotransferase system transporter activity F Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + fructose(out) = protein histidine + fructose phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.
22878 protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-sucrose phosphotransferase system transporter activity F Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + sucrose(out) = protein histidine + sucrose phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.
22879 protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-trehalose phosphotransferase system transporter activity F Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + trehalose(out) = protein histidine + trehalose phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.
22880 protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-N-acetylglucosamine phosphotransferase system transporter activity F Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + N-acetylglucosamine(out) = protein histidine + N-acetylglucosamine phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.
22881 protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-N-acetylgalactosamine phosphotransferase system transporter activity F Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + N-acetylgalactosamine(out) = protein histidine + N-acetylgalactosamine phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.
22882 protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-beta-glucoside phosphotransferase system transporter activity F Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + beta-glucoside(out) = protein histidine + beta-glucoside phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.
22883 zinc efflux transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a zinc ion or zinc ions from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.
22884 macromolecule transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of a macromolecule from one side of the membrane to the other.
22885 bacteriocin transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of a bacteriocin from one side of the membrane to the other.
22886 channel-forming ionophore activity F Enables transport of a solute across a membrane. This kind of transporter interacts much more weakly with the solute than the carrier does. It is an aqueous pore that extends across the membrane. It may change from closed to open and back. It transports faster than a carrier. It is always passive.
22889 serine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of serine from one side of a membrane to the other. Serine is 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.
22890 inorganic cation transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of inorganic cations from one side of a membrane to the other. Inorganic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge that do not contain carbon in covalent linkage.
22891 substrate-specific transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of a specific substance or group of related substances from one side of a membrane to the other.
22892 substrate-specific transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of a specific substance or group of related substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
22893 low-affinity tryptophan transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the low-affinity transfer of L-tryptophan from one side of a membrane to the other. Tryptophan is 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid. In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.
22894 Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of potassium by a channel with a unit conductance of 20 to 85 picoSiemens that opens in response to stimulus by internal calcium ions. Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channels are more sensitive to calcium than are large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels. Transport by a channel involves catalysis of facilitated diffusion of a solute (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel, without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.
22897 proton-dependent peptide secondary active transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a peptide from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by proton movement.
22898 regulation of transmembrane transporter activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane transporter activity.
22900 electron transport chain P A process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors to any of several different terminal electron acceptors to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.
22904 respiratory electron transport chain P A process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors such as NADH and FADH2 to any of several different terminal electron acceptors to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.
23002 nuclear migration to embryo sac poles P Migration of the nuclei of the two-nucleate embryo sac to opposite poles of the cell.
23003 nuclear migration to the embryo sac center P Migration of one of the four nuclei at each pole of the eight-nucleate embryo sac, to the center of the cell.
23014 signal transduction by protein phosphorylation P A process in which the transfer of one or more phosphate groups to a substrate transmits a signal to the phosphorylated substrate.
23015 signal transduction by cis-phosphorylation P A process in which the transfer of one or more phosphate groups by a kinase to a residue in the same kinase molecule transmits a signal. For example, ligand-binding can induce autophosphorylation of the activated receptor, creating binding sites for intracellular signaling molecules.
23016 signal transduction by trans-phosphorylation P A process in which the transfer of one or more phosphate groups by a kinase to a residue in a different protein molecule transmits a signal.
23019 signal transduction involved in regulation of gene expression P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression as a consequence of a process in which a signal is released and/or conveyed from one location to another.
23021 termination of signal transduction P The signaling process in which signal transduction is brought to an end rather than being reversibly modulated.
23022 termination of T cell signal transduction P The signaling process in which T cell signal transduction is brought to an end rather than being reversibly modulated.
23023 MHC protein complex binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the major histocompatibility complex.
23024 MHC class I protein complex binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the class I major histocompatibility complex.
23025 MHC class Ib protein complex binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the class Ib major histocompatibility complex.
23026 MHC class II protein complex binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the class II major histocompatibility complex.
23027 MHC class I protein binding, via antigen binding groove F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with major histocompatibility complex class I molecules via the antigen binding groove.
23028 MHC class I protein binding, via lateral surface F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with major histocompatibility complex class I molecules via the lateral surface.
23029 MHC class Ib protein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with major histocompatibility complex class Ib molecules.
23030 MHC class Ib protein binding, via antigen binding groove F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with major histocompatibility complex class Ib molecules via the antigen binding groove.
23031 MHC class Ib protein binding, via lateral surface F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with major histocompatibility complex class Ib molecules via the lateral surface.
23035 CD40 signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the cell surface receptor CD40 to one of its physiological ligands, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
23041 neuronal signal transduction P The process in which an activated neuronal cell receptor conveys information down a signaling pathway, resulting in a change in the function or state of a cell. This process may be intracellular or intercellular.
23045 signal transduction by conformational transition P A process where induction of a conformational change in a molecule transmits a signal to that molecule.
23051 regulation of signaling P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process.
23052 signaling P The entirety of a process in which information is transmitted within a biological system. This process begins with an active signal and ends when a cellular response has been triggered.
23056 positive regulation of signaling P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process.
23057 negative regulation of signaling P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process.
23058 adaptation of signaling pathway P The regulation of a signal transduction pathway in response to a stimulus upon prolonged exposure to that stimulus.
23059 positive adaptation of signaling pathway P The positive regulation of a signal transduction pathway in response to a stimulus upon prolonged exposure to that stimulus.
23061 signal release P The process in which a signal is secreted or discharged into the extracellular medium from a cellular source.
30001 metal ion transport P The directed movement of metal ions, any metal ion with an electric charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
30002 cellular anion homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of anions at the level of a cell.
30003 cellular cation homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of cations at the level of a cell.
30004 cellular monovalent inorganic cation homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of monovalent inorganic cations at the level of a cell.
30007 cellular potassium ion homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of potassium ions at the level of a cell.
30008 TRAPP complex C A large complex that acts as a tethering factor involved in transporting vesicles from the ER through the Golgi to the plasma membrane. A TRAPP (transport protein particle) complex has a core set of proteins which are joined by specific subunits depending on the cellular component where a given TRAPP complex is active.
30010 establishment of cell polarity P The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns.
30011 maintenance of cell polarity P The maintenance of established anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns.
30014 CCR4-NOT complex C The evolutionarily conserved CCR4-NOT complex is involved in several aspects of mRNA metabolism, including repression and activation of mRNA initiation, control of mRNA elongation, and the deadenylation and subsequent degradation of mRNA. In Saccharomyces the CCR4-NOT complex comprises a core complex of 9 proteins (Ccr4p, Caf1p, Caf40p, Caf130p, Not1p, Not2p, Not3p, Not4p, and Not5p), Caf4p, Caf16p, and several less well characterized proteins.
30015 CCR4-NOT core complex C The core of the CCR4-NOT complex. In Saccharomyces the CCR4-NOT core complex comprises Ccr4p, Caf1p, Caf40p, Caf130p, Not1p, Not2p, Not3p, Not4p, and Not5p.
30016 myofibril C The contractile element of skeletal and cardiac muscle; a long, highly organized bundle of actin, myosin, and other proteins that contracts by a sliding filament mechanism.
30017 sarcomere C The repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs.
30018 Z disc C Platelike region of a muscle sarcomere to which the plus ends of actin filaments are attached.
30020 extracellular matrix structural constituent conferring tensile strength F A constituent of the extracellular matrix that enables the matrix to resist longitudinal stress.
30021 extracellular matrix structural constituent conferring compression resistance F A constituent of the extracellular matrix that enables the matrix to resist compressive forces; often a proteoglycan.
30023 extracellular matrix constituent conferring elasticity F A component of the extracellular matrix that enables the matrix to recoil after transient stretching.
30026 cellular manganese ion homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of manganese ions at the level of a cell.
30027 lamellipodium C A thin sheetlike process extended by the leading edge of a migrating cell or extending cell process; contains a dense meshwork of actin filaments.
30029 actin filament-based process P Any cellular process that depends upon or alters the actin cytoskeleton, that part of the cytoskeleton comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.
30030 cell projection organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.
30031 cell projection assembly P Formation of a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.
30032 lamellipodium assembly P Formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell.
30033 microvillus assembly P Formation of a microvillus, a thin cylindrical membrane-covered projection on the surface of a cell.
30034 microvillar actin bundle assembly P Assembly of the parallel bundle of actin filaments at the core of a microvillus.
30035 microspike assembly P Formation of a microspike, a dynamic, actin-rich projection extending from the surface of a migrating animal cell.
30036 actin cytoskeleton organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.
30037 actin filament reorganization involved in cell cycle P The cell cycle process in which rearrangement of the spatial distribution of actin filaments and associated proteins occurs.
30038 contractile actin filament bundle assembly P Assembly of actin filament bundles in which the filaments are loosely packed (approximately 30-60 nm apart) and arranged with opposing polarities; the loose packing allows myosin (usually myosin-II) to enter the bundle.
30041 actin filament polymerization P Assembly of actin filaments by the addition of actin monomers to a filament.
30042 actin filament depolymerization P Disassembly of actin filaments by the removal of actin monomers from a filament.
30043 actin filament fragmentation P The severing of actin filaments into numerous short fragments, usually mediated by actin severing proteins.
30046 parallel actin filament bundle assembly P Assembly of actin filament bundles in which the filaments are tightly packed (approximately 10-20 nm apart) and oriented with the same polarity.
30047 actin modification P Covalent modification of an actin molecule.
30048 actin filament-based movement P Movement of organelles or other particles along actin filaments, or sliding of actin filaments past each other, mediated by motor proteins.
30049 muscle filament sliding P The sliding of actin thin filaments and myosin thick filaments past each other in muscle contraction. This involves a process of interaction of myosin located on a thick filament with actin located on a thin filament. During this process ATP is split and forces are generated.
30050 vesicle transport along actin filament P Movement of a vesicle along an actin filament, mediated by motor proteins.
30054 cell junction C A cellular component that forms a specialized region of connection between two or more cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix. At a cell junction, anchoring proteins extend through the plasma membrane to link cytoskeletal proteins in one cell to cytoskeletal proteins in neighboring cells or to proteins in the extracellular matrix.
30055 cell-substrate junction C A cell junction that forms a connection between a cell and the extracellular matrix.
30056 hemidesmosome C A cell-substrate junction (attachment structure) found in epithelial cells that links intermediate filaments to extracellular matrices via transmembrane complexes. In vertebrates, hemidesmosomes mediate contact between the basal side of epithelial cells and the basal lamina. In C. elegans, hemidesmosomes connect epithelial cells to distinct extracellular matrices on both the apical and basal cell surfaces.
30057 desmosome C A cell-cell junction in which: on the cytoplasmic surface of each interacting plasma membrane is a dense plaque composed of a mixture of intracellular anchor proteins; a bundle of keratin intermediate filaments is attached to the surface of each plaque; transmembrane adhesion proteins of the cadherin family bind to the plaques and interact through their extracellular domains to hold the adjacent membranes together by a Ca2+-dependent mechanism.
30058 amine dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: R-CH2-NH2 + H2O + acceptor = R-CHO + NH3 + reduced acceptor.
30059 aralkylamine dehydrogenase (azurin) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + arCH(2)NH(2) + 2 azurin = 2 reduced azurin + ArCHO + NH(3). The symbol arCH(2)NH(2) represents an aralkylamine and ArCHO is an aryl aldehyde.
30060 L-malate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+.
30061 mitochondrial crista C Any of the inward folds of the mitochondrial inner membrane. Their number, extent, and shape differ in mitochondria from different tissues and organisms. They appear to be devices for increasing the surface area of the mitochondrial inner membrane, where the enzymes of electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation are found. Their shape can vary with the respiratory state of the mitochondria.
30062 mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme complex C Any of the heteromeric enzymes, located in the mitochondrion, that act in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle.
30070 insulin processing P The formation of mature insulin by proteolysis of the precursor preproinsulin. The signal sequence is first cleaved from preproinsulin to form proinsulin; proinsulin is then cleaved to release the C peptide, leaving the A and B chains of mature insulin linked by disulfide bridges.
30071 regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis, triggered by the activation of the anaphase promoting complex by Cdc20/Sleepy homolog which results in the degradation of Securin.
30072 peptide hormone secretion P The regulated release of a peptide hormone from a cell.
30073 insulin secretion P The regulated release of proinsulin from secretory granules (B granules) in the B cells of the pancreas; accompanied by cleavage of proinsulin to form mature insulin.
30075 bacterial thylakoid C A thylakoid that is derived from and attached to, but not necessarily continuous with, the plasma membrane, and is not enclosed in a plastid. It bears the photosynthetic pigments in photosynthetic cyanobacteria.
30076 light-harvesting complex C A protein-pigment complex that may be closely or peripherally associated to photosynthetic reaction centers that participate in harvesting and transferring radiant energy to the reaction center.
30077 plasma membrane light-harvesting complex C A plasma membrane protein-pigment complex that may be closely or peripherally associated to photosynthetic reaction centers that participate in harvesting and transferring radiant energy to the reaction center. Examples of this complex are found in bacterial species.
30078 light-harvesting complex, core complex C Light harvesting complex associated with the reaction complex of photosynthetic purple bacteria.
30079 light-harvesting complex, peripheral complex C Bacteriochlorophyll a binding complex that is peripherally associated to the bacterial reaction center.
30080 B875 antenna complex C Protein complex that surrounds and transfers excitation energy directly to the bacterial reaction center; binds bacteriochlorophyll a and has a single absorption band between 870 and 890 nm.
30081 B800-820 antenna complex C Protein-pigment complex that absorbs light at 800 and 820 nm; is peripherally associated to the bacterial reaction center; transfers excitation energy to the B875 antenna complex.
30082 B800-850 antenna complex C Protein-pigment complex that absorbs light at 800 and 850 nm; is peripherally associated to the bacterial reaction center; transfers excitation energy to the B875 antenna complex.
30083 PSI associated light-harvesting complex I, LHCIa subcomplex C A pigment protein complex that forms part of the photosystem I associated light-harvesting complex I; contains two proteins (usually about 24 and 21.5 kDa); has a fluorescence maximum between 680 and 690 nm.
30084 PSI associated light-harvesting complex I, LHCIb subcomplex C A pigment protein complex that forms part of the photosystem I associated light-harvesting complex I; contains two proteins (usually about 20 kDa); has a fluorescence maximum of 730 nm.
30085 PSII associated light-harvesting complex II, peripheral complex, LHCIIb subcomplex C A pigment protein complex that forms part of the photosystem II associated light-harvesting complex II; contains two proteins (usually about 28 and 27 kDa), and may contain a third; peripherally located relative to other LHC polypeptides.
30089 phycobilisome C Any of the granules, approximately 32 nm x 48 nm and consisting of highly aggregated phycobiliproteins, that are attached in arrays to the external face of a thylakoid membrane in algae of the phyla Cyanophyta and Rhodophyta, where they function as light-harvesting devices in photosynthesis. Excitation energy in the phycobilisome flows in the sequence: phycoerythrin, phycocyanin, allophycocyanin before passing to the antenna chlorophyll of photosystem II.
30091 protein repair P The process of restoring a protein to its original state after damage by such things as oxidation or spontaneous decomposition of residues.
30093 chloroplast photosystem I C Photosystem located in the chloroplast that functions as a light-dependent plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, transferring electrons from plastocyanin to ferredoxin. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
30094 plasma membrane-derived photosystem I C A protein complex located in the plasma membrane-derived thylakoid. The photosystem functions as a light-dependent plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, transferring electrons from plastocyanin to ferredoxin. Examples of this complex are found in bacterial species.
30095 chloroplast photosystem II C An integral chloroplast membrane complex containing the P680 reaction center. In the light, PSII functions as a water-plastoquinone oxidoreductase, transferring electrons from water to plastoquinone.
30096 plasma membrane-derived thylakoid photosystem II C A protein complex, located in the membrane-derived thylakoid, containing the P680 reaction center. In the light, PSII functions as a water-plastoquinone oxidoreductase, transferring electrons from water to plastoquinone.
30097 hemopoiesis P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myeloid and lymphoid derived organ/tissue systems of the blood and other parts of the body over time, from formation to the mature structure. The site of hemopoiesis is variable during development, but occurs primarily in bone marrow or kidney in many adult vertebrates.
30098 lymphocyte differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized precursor cell acquires specialized features of a lymphocyte. A lymphocyte is a leukocyte commonly found in the blood and lymph that has the characteristics of a large nucleus, a neutral staining cytoplasm, and prominent heterochromatin.
30099 myeloid cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of any cell of the myeloid leukocyte, megakaryocyte, thrombocyte, or erythrocyte lineages.
30100 regulation of endocytosis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis.
30101 natural killer cell activation P The change in morphology and behavior of a natural killer cell in response to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.
30103 vasopressin secretion P The regulated release of vasopressin from secretory granules into the blood.
30104 water homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of water within an organism or cell.
30107 HLA-A specific inhibitory MHC class I receptor activity F Combining with a MHC class I molecule of the HLA-A subclass to mediate signaling that inhibits activation of a lymphocyte.
30108 HLA-A specific activating MHC class I receptor activity F Combining with a MHC class I molecule of the HLA-A subclass to mediate signaling that activates a lymphocyte.
30109 HLA-B specific inhibitory MHC class I receptor activity F Combining with a MHC class I molecule of the HLA-B subclass to mediate signaling that inhibits activation of a lymphocyte.
30110 HLA-C specific inhibitory MHC class I receptor activity F Combining with a MHC class I molecule of the HLA-C subclass to mediate signaling that inhibits activation of a lymphocyte.
30111 regulation of Wnt signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the Wnt signal transduction pathway.
30112 glycocalyx C A viscous, carbohydrate rich layer at the outermost periphery of a cell.
30114 slime layer C A slime layer is an easily removed, diffuse, unorganized layer of extracellular material that surrounds a cell. Specifically this consists mostly of exopolysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids.
30115 S-layer C A crystalline protein layer surrounding some bacteria.
30116 glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor binding F A growth factor that binds selectively and non-covalently to glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptors.
30117 membrane coat C Any of several different proteinaceous coats that can associate with membranes. Membrane coats include those formed by clathrin plus an adaptor complex, the COPI and COPII complexes, and possibly others. They are found associated with membranes on many vesicles as well as other membrane features such as pits and perhaps tubules.
30118 clathrin coat C A membrane coat found on coated pits and some coated vesicles; consists of polymerized clathrin triskelions, each comprising three clathrin heavy chains and three clathrin light chains, linked to the membrane via one of the AP adaptor complexes.
30119 AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex C Any of several heterotetrameric complexes that link clathrin (or another coat-forming molecule, as hypothesized for AP-3 and AP-4) to a membrane surface; they are found on coated pits and coated vesicles, and mediate sorting of cargo proteins into vesicles. Each AP complex contains two large (a beta and one of either an alpha, gamma, delta, or epsilon) subunits (110-130 kDa), a medium (mu) subunit (approximately 50 kDa), and a small (sigma) subunit (15-20 kDa).
30120 vesicle coat C A membrane coat found on a coated vesicle.
30121 AP-1 adaptor complex C A heterotetrameric AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of beta1, gamma, mu1 and sigma1 subunits and links clathrin to the membrane surface of a vesicle; vesicles with AP-1-containing coats are normally found primarily in the trans-Golgi network. In at least humans, the AP-1 complex can be heterogeneric due to the existence of multiple subunit isoforms encoded by different genes (gamma1 and gamma2, mu1A and mu1B, and sigma1A, sigma1B and sigma1C).
30122 AP-2 adaptor complex C A heterotetrameric AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of alpha, beta2, mu2 and sigma2 subunits, and links clathrin to the membrane surface of a vesicle, and the cargo receptors during receptor/clathrin mediated endocytosis. Vesicles with AP-2-containing coats are normally found primarily near the plasma membrane, on endocytic vesicles. In at least humans, the AP-2 complex can be heterogeneric due to the existence of multiple subunit isoforms encoded by different alpha genes (alphaA and alphaC).
30123 AP-3 adaptor complex C A heterotetrameric AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of beta3, delta, mu3 and sigma3 subunits and is found associated with endosomal membranes. AP-3 does not appear to associate with clathrin in all organisms. In at least humans, the AP-3 complex can be heterogeneric due to the existence of multiple subunit isoforms encoded by different genes (beta3A and beta3B, mu3A and mu3B, and sigma3A and sigma3B).
30124 AP-4 adaptor complex C An AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of beta4, epsilon, mu4 and sigma4 subunits and is found associated with membranes in the trans-Golgi network; it is not clear whether AP-4 forms clathrin coats in vivo.
30125 clathrin vesicle coat C A clathrin coat found on a vesicle.
30126 COPI vesicle coat C One of two multimeric complexes that forms a membrane vesicle coat. The mammalian COPI subunits are called alpha-, beta-, beta'-, gamma-, delta-, epsilon- and zeta-COP. Vesicles with COPI coats are found associated with Golgi membranes at steady state.
30127 COPII vesicle coat C One of two multimeric complexes that forms a membrane vesicle coat. COPII is best characterized in S. cerevisiae, where the subunits are called Sar1p, Sec13p, Sec31p, Sec23p, and Sec24p. Vesicles with COPII coats are found associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes at steady state.
30128 clathrin coat of endocytic vesicle C A clathrin coat found on an endocytic vesicle.
30129 clathrin coat of synaptic vesicle C A clathrin coat found on a synaptic vesicle.
30130 clathrin coat of trans-Golgi network vesicle C A clathrin coat found on a vesicle of the trans-Golgi network.
30131 clathrin adaptor complex C A membrane coat adaptor complex that links clathrin to a membrane.
30132 clathrin coat of coated pit C The coat found on coated pits and the coated vesicles derived from coated pits; comprises clathrin and the AP-2 adaptor complex.
30133 transport vesicle C Any of the vesicles of the constitutive secretory pathway, which carry cargo from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi, between Golgi cisternae, from the Golgi to the ER (retrograde transport) or to destinations within or outside the cell.
30134 ER to Golgi transport vesicle C A vesicle that mediates transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex; bears a coat formed of the COPII coat complex proteins; such vesicles found associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes at steady state, and are involved in ER to Golgi (anterograde) vesicle transport.
30135 coated vesicle C Small membrane-bounded organelle formed by pinching off of a coated region of membrane. Some coats are made of clathrin, whereas others are made from other proteins.
30136 clathrin-coated vesicle C A vesicle with a coat formed of clathrin connected to the membrane via one of the clathrin adaptor complexes.
30137 COPI-coated vesicle C A vesicle with a coat formed of the COPI coat complex proteins. COPI-coated vesicles are found associated with Golgi membranes at steady state, are involved in Golgi to endoplasmic reticulum (retrograde) vesicle transport, and possibly also in intra-Golgi transport.
30139 endocytic vesicle C A membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle formed by invagination of the plasma membrane around an extracellular substance. Endocytic vesicles fuse with early endosomes to deliver the cargo for further sorting.
30140 trans-Golgi network transport vesicle C A vesicle that mediates transport between the trans-Golgi network and other parts of the cell.
30141 secretory granule C A small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion. Secretory granules move towards the periphery of the cell and upon stimulation, their membranes fuse with the cell membrane, and their protein load is exteriorized. Processing of the contained protein may take place in secretory granules.
30142 Golgi to ER transport vesicle C A vesicle that mediates transport from the Golgi to the endoplasmic reticulum.
30143 inter-Golgi transport vesicle C A vesicle that mediates transport of cargo within the Golgi complex (for example, between cisternae of the Golgi stack).
30144 alpha-1,6-mannosylglycoprotein 6-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,3(6)-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl,1,6(3))-beta-D-mannosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-R = UDP + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,6)-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,3(6)-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,6(3))-beta-D-mannosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-R. Only branched mannose glycopeptides with non-reducing N-acetylglucosamine terminal residues act as acceptors.
30145 manganese ion binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with manganese (Mn) ions.
30148 sphingolipid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingolipids, any of a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid).
30149 sphingolipid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sphingolipids, any of a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid).
30150 protein import into mitochondrial matrix P The import of proteins across the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes into the matrix. Unfolded proteins enter the mitochondrial matrix with a chaperone protein; the information required to target the precursor protein from the cytosol to the mitochondrial matrix is contained within its N-terminal matrix-targeting sequence. Translocation of precursors to the matrix occurs at the rare sites where the outer and inner membranes are close together.
30151 molybdenum ion binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with molybdenum (Mo) ions.
30152 bacteriocin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a bacteriocin, any of a heterogeneous group of polypeptide antibiotics that are secreted by certain bacterial strains and are able to kill cells of other susceptible (frequently related) strains after adsorption at specific receptors on the cell surface. They include the colicins, and their mechanisms of action vary.
30153 bacteriocin immunity P A process that mediates resistance to a bacteriocin: any of a heterogeneous group of polypeptide antibiotics that are secreted by certain bacterial strains and are able to kill cells of other susceptible (frequently related) strains after adsorption at specific receptors on the cell surface. They include the colicins, and their mechanisms of action vary.
30154 cell differentiation P The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state.
30155 regulation of cell adhesion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell or to the extracellular matrix.
30156 benzodiazepine receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR).
30157 pancreatic juice secretion P The regulated release of pancreatic juice by the exocrine pancreas into the upper part of the intestine. Pancreatic juice is slightly alkaline and contains numerous enzymes and inactive enzyme precursors including alpha-amylase, chymotrypsinogen, lipase, procarboxypeptidase, proelastase, prophospholipase A2, ribonuclease, and trypsinogen. Its high concentration of bicarbonate ions helps to neutralize the acid from the stomach.
30158 protein xylosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a beta-D-xylosyl residue from UDP-D-xylose to the serine hydroxyl group of an acceptor protein substrate.
30159 receptor signaling complex scaffold activity F Functions to provide a physical support for the assembly of a multiprotein receptor signaling complex.
30160 GKAP/Homer scaffold activity F Functions as a physical support bridging the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-PSD-95-GKAP complex and the mGluR-Homer complex, which are involved in receptor signaling in synapses.
30162 regulation of proteolysis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein.
30163 protein catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds.
30164 protein denaturation P Structural change in proteins which destroys the native, active configuration without rupture of peptide bonds.
30165 PDZ domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a PDZ domain of a protein, a domain found in diverse signaling proteins.
30166 proteoglycan biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteoglycans, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.
30167 proteoglycan catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proteoglycans, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.
30168 platelet activation P A series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue. These events include shape change, adhesiveness, aggregation, and release reactions. When carried through to completion, these events lead to the formation of a stable hemostatic plug.
30169 low-density lipoprotein particle binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a low-density lipoprotein particle, a lipoprotein particle that is rich in cholesterol esters and low in triglycerides, is typically composed of APOB100 and APOE, and has a density of 1.02-1.06 g/ml and a diameter of between 20-25 nm.
30170 pyridoxal phosphate binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with pyridoxal 5' phosphate, 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl4-pyridine carboxaldehyde 5' phosphate, the biologically active form of vitamin B6.
30171 voltage-gated proton channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a proton by a voltage-gated channel. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
30172 troponin C binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with troponin C, the calcium-binding subunit of the troponin complex.
30173 integral component of Golgi membrane C The component of the Golgi membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
30174 regulation of DNA-dependent DNA replication initiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of initiation of DNA-dependent DNA replication; the process in which DNA becomes competent to replicate. In eukaryotes, replication competence is established in early G1 and lost during the ensuing S phase.
30175 filopodium C Thin, stiff, actin-based protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal or dendritic growth cone, or a dendritic shaft.
30176 integral component of endoplasmic reticulum membrane C The component of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
30177 positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signal transduction.
30178 negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway.
30182 neuron differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron.
30183 B cell differentiation P The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a B cell. A B cell is a lymphocyte of B lineage with the phenotype CD19-positive and capable of B cell mediated immunity.
30184 nitric oxide transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide, from one side of a membrane to the other.
30185 nitric oxide transport P The directed movement of nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
30186 melatonin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine).
30187 melatonin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine).
30193 regulation of blood coagulation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation.
30194 positive regulation of blood coagulation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation.
30195 negative regulation of blood coagulation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation.
30196 cyanide hydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: formamide = H(2)O + hydrogen cyanide.
30197 extracellular matrix constituent, lubricant activity F Functions as a lubricant for an extracellular matrix, such as a mucous membrane.
30198 extracellular matrix organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an extracellular matrix.
30199 collagen fibril organization P Any process that determines the size and arrangement of collagen fibrils within an extracellular matrix.
30200 heparan sulfate proteoglycan catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proteoglycan containing heparan sulfate, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans that have repeat units consisting of alternating alpha-(1->4) linked hexuronic acid and glucosamine residues, the former being a mixture of sulfated and nonsulfated D-glucuronic and L-iduronic acids, and the latter being either sulfated or acetylated on its amino group as well as sulfated on one of its hydroxyl groups.
30201 heparan sulfate proteoglycan metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving any proteoglycan containing heparan sulfate, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans that have repeat units consisting of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked hexuronic acid and glucosamine residues, the former being a mixture of sulfated and nonsulfated D-glucuronic and L-iduronic acids, and the latter being either sulfated or acetylated on its amino group as well as sulfated on one of its hydroxyl groups.
30202 heparin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving heparin, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans found mainly as an intracellular component of mast cells. They are similar to heparan sulfates but are of somewhat higher average Mr (6000-20000) and contain fewer N-acetyl groups and more N-sulfate and O-sulfate groups; they may be attached in the same manner to protein, forming proteoglycans. They consist predominantly of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-sulfate residues.
30203 glycosaminoglycan metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosaminoglycans, any one of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars. Formerly known as mucopolysaccharides, they include hyaluronic acid and chondroitin, which provide lubrication in joints and form part of the matrix of cartilage. The three-dimensional structure of these molecules enables them to trap water, which forms a gel and gives glycosaminoglycans their elastic properties.
30204 chondroitin sulfate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving chondroitin sulfate, any member of a group of 10-60 kDa glycosaminoglycans, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues, the repeat units of which consist of beta-(1,4)-linked D-glucuronyl beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfate. They usually occur linked to a protein to form proteoglycans. Two subgroups exist, one in which the sulfate is on the 4-position (chondroitin sulfate A) and the second in which it is in the 6-position (chondroitin sulfate C). They often are polydisperse and often differ in the degree of sulfation from tissue to tissue. The chains of repeating disaccharide are covalently linked to the side chains of serine residues in the polypeptide backbone of a protein by a glycosidic attachment through the trisaccharide unit galactosyl-galactosyl-xylosyl. Chondroitin sulfate B is more usually known as dermatan sulfate.
30205 dermatan sulfate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving dermatan sulfate, any of a group of glycosaminoglycans with repeats consisting of beta-(1,4)-linked L-iduronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate units. They are important components of ground substance or intercellular cement of skin and some connective tissues.
30206 chondroitin sulfate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chondroitin sulfate, any member of a group of 10-60 kDa glycosaminoglycans, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues, the repeat units of which consist of beta-(1,4)-linked D-glucuronyl beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfate.
30207 chondroitin sulfate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chondroitin sulfate, any member of a group of 10-60 kDa glycosaminoglycans, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues, the repeat units of which consist of beta-(1,4)-linked D-glucuronyl beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfate.
30208 dermatan sulfate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dermatan sulfate, any glycosaminoglycan with repeats consisting of beta-(1,4)-linked L-iduronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate units.
30209 dermatan sulfate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dermatan sulfate, any of a group of glycosaminoglycans with repeats consisting of beta-(1,4)-linked L-iduronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate units.
30210 heparin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heparin, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans of average Mr (6000-20000), consisting predominantly of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-sulfate residues.
30211 heparin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heparin, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans of average Mr (6000-20000), consisting predominantly of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-sulfate residues.
30212 hyaluronan metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving hyaluronan, the naturally occurring anionic form of hyaluronic acid, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans, the repeat units of which consist of beta-1,4 linked D-glucuronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.
30213 hyaluronan biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hyaluronan, the naturally occurring anionic form of hyaluronic acid, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans, the repeat units of which consist of beta-1,4 linked D-glucuronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.
30214 hyaluronan catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hyaluronan, the naturally occurring anionic form of hyaluronic acid, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans, the repeat units of which consist of beta-1,4 linked D-glucuronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.
30215 semaphorin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with semaphorin receptors.
30216 keratinocyte differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a keratinocyte.
30217 T cell differentiation P The process in which a precursor cell type acquires characteristics of a more mature T-cell. A T cell is a type of lymphocyte whose definin characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex.
30218 erythrocyte differentiation P The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of an erythrocyte.
30219 megakaryocyte differentiation P The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of a megakaryocyte.
30220 platelet formation P The process in which platelets bud from long processes extended by megakaryocytes.
30221 basophil differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires specialized features of a basophil cell.
30222 eosinophil differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specializes features of an eosinophil.
30223 neutrophil differentiation P The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a neutrophil.
30224 monocyte differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a monocyte.
30225 macrophage differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of a macrophage.
30226 apolipoprotein receptor activity F Combining with an apolipoprotein to initiate a change in cell activity.
30228 lipoprotein particle receptor activity F Combining with a lipoprotein particle and delivering the lipoprotein particle into the cell via endocytosis. A lipoprotein particle, also known as a lipoprotein, is a clathrate complex consisting of a lipid enwrapped in a protein host without covalent binding in such a way that the complex has a hydrophilic outer surface consisting of all the protein and the polar ends of any phospholipids.
30229 very-low-density lipoprotein particle receptor activity F Combining with a very-low-density lipoprotein particle and delivering the very-low-density lipoprotein into the cell via endocytosis.
30232 insulin control element activator complex C Transcription factor complex that binds to the insulin control element (ICE), a DNA sequence element found within the 5'-flanking region of the insulin gene, and activates ICE-mediated transcription.
30233 deoxynucleotide transmembrane transporter activity F Catalyzes transport of all four deoxy (d) NDPs, and, less efficiently, the corresponding dNTPs, in exchange for dNDPs, ADP, or ATP.
30234 enzyme regulator activity F Binds to and modulates the activity of an enzyme.
30235 nitric-oxide synthase regulator activity F Modulates the activity of nitric oxide synthase.
30237 female sex determination P The specification of female sex of an individual organism.
30238 male sex determination P The specification of male sex of an individual organism.
30239 myofibril assembly P Formation of myofibrils, the repeating units of striated muscle.
30240 skeletal muscle thin filament assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the actin-based thin filaments of myofibrils in skeletal muscle.
30241 skeletal muscle myosin thick filament assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the myosin-based thick filaments of myofibrils in skeletal muscle.
30242 pexophagy P The process in which peroxisomes are delivered to the vacuole and degraded in response to changing nutrient conditions.
30243 cellulose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation.
30244 cellulose biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation.
30245 cellulose catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation.
30246 carbohydrate binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any carbohydrate, which includes monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides as well as substances derived from monosaccharides by reduction of the carbonyl group (alditols), by oxidation of one or more hydroxy groups to afford the corresponding aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids, or by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by a hydrogen atom. Cyclitols are generally not regarded as carbohydrates.
30247 polysaccharide binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically.
30248 cellulose binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cellulose.
30249 guanylate cyclase regulator activity F Modulates the activity of guanylate cyclase.
30250 guanylate cyclase activator activity F Binds to and increases the activity of guanylate cyclase.
30251 guanylate cyclase inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of guanylate cyclase.
30252 growth hormone secretion P The regulated release of growth hormone from secretory granules into the blood.
30253 protein secretion by the type I secretion system P The process in which proteins are secreted into the extracellular milieu via the type I secretion system; secretion occurs in a continuous process without the distinct presence of periplasmic intermediates and does not involve proteolytic processing of secreted proteins.
30254 protein secretion by the type III secretion system P The process in which proteins are transferred into the extracellular milieu or directly into host cells by the bacterial type III secretion system; secretion occurs in a continuous process without the distinct presence of periplasmic intermediates and does not involve proteolytic processing of secreted proteins.
30255 protein secretion by the type IV secretion system P The process in which proteins are transferred into the extracellular milieu or directly into host cells, via the type IV protein secretion system.
30256 type I protein secretion system complex C A complex of three secretory proteins that carry out secretion in the type I secretion system: an inner membrane transport ATPase (termed ABC protein for ATP-binding cassette), which provides the energy for protein secretion; an outer membrane protein, which is exported via the sec pathway; and a membrane fusion protein, which is anchored in the inner membrane and spans the periplasmic space.
30257 type III protein secretion system complex C A complex of approximately 20 proteins, most of which are located in the cytoplasmic membrane that carries out protein secretion in the bacterial type III secretion system; type III secretion also requires a cytoplasmic, probably membrane-associated ATPase.
30258 lipid modification P The covalent alteration of one or more fatty acids in a lipid, resulting in a change in the properties of the lipid.
30259 lipid glycosylation P Covalent attachment of a glycosyl residue to a lipid molecule.
30260 entry into host cell P The invasion by an organism of a cell of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
30261 chromosome condensation P The progressive compaction of dispersed interphase chromatin into threadlike chromosomes prior to mitotic or meiotic nuclear division, or during apoptosis, in eukaryotic cells.
30262 apoptotic nuclear changes P Alterations undergone by nuclei at the molecular and morphological level as part of the execution phase of apoptosis.
30263 apoptotic chromosome condensation P The compaction of chromatin during apoptosis.
30264 nuclear fragmentation involved in apoptotic nuclear change P The breakdown of the nucleus into small membrane-bounded compartments, or blebs, each of which contain compacted DNA.
30265 phospholipase C-activating rhodopsin mediated signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a rhodopsin molecule being activated by a photon, where the pathway proceeds with activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and a subsequent release of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG).
30266 quinate 3-dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-quinate + NAD+ = (-)-3-dehydroquinate + NADH + H+.
30267 glyoxylate reductase (NADP) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glycolate + NADP+ = glyoxylate + NADPH + H+.
30268 methylenetetrahydromethanopterin dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin + coenzyme F420 + 2 H(+) = 5,10-methenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + reduced coenzyme F420.
30269 tetrahydromethanopterin S-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methyltetrahydromethanopterin + coenzyme M = 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + methyl-coenzyme M. 2-(methylthio)ethanesulfonate is also known as methyl-CoM.
30270 formylmethanofuran-tetrahydromethanopterin N-formyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + N-formylmethanofuran + H(+) = N(5)-formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + methanofuran.
30272 5-formyltetrahydrofolate cyclo-ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-formyltetrahydrofolate + ATP = 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + ADP + H(+) + phosphate.
30273 melanin-concentrating hormone receptor activity F Combining with the cyclic peptide hormone melanin-concentrating hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.
30274 LIM domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a LIM domain (for Lin-11 Isl-1 Mec-3) of a protein, a domain with seven conserved cysteine residues and a histidine, that binds two zinc ions and acts as an interface for protein-protein interactions.
30275 LRR domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a LRR domain (leucine rich repeats) of a protein.
30276 clathrin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a clathrin heavy or light chain, the main components of the coat of coated vesicles and coated pits, and which also occurs in synaptic vesicles.
30277 maintenance of gastrointestinal epithelium P Protection of epithelial surfaces of the gastrointestinal tract from proteolytic and caustic digestive agents.
30278 regulation of ossification P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone formation.
30279 negative regulation of ossification P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone formation.
30280 structural constituent of epidermis F The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of an epidermal cutaneous structure.
30281 structural constituent of cutaneous appendage F The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of cutaneous epidermal structures such as hairs, scales, or feathers.
30282 bone mineralization P The deposition of hydroxyapatite, a form of calcium phosphate with the formula Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, in bone tissue.
30283 testosterone dehydrogenase [NAD(P)] activity F Catalysis of the reaction: testosterone + NAD(P)+ = androst-4-ene-3,17-dione + NAD(P)H + H+.
30284 estrogen receptor activity F Combining with estrogen and transmitting the signal within the cell to trigger a change in cell activity or function.
30285 integral component of synaptic vesicle membrane C The component of the synaptic vesicle membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
30286 dynein complex C Any of several large complexes that contain two or three dynein heavy chains and several light chains, and have microtubule motor activity.
30287 cell wall-bounded periplasmic space C The region between the plasma membrane and the cell wall in organisms lacking an outer cell membrane such as yeast and Gram positive bacteria. The region is thinner than the equivalent in Gram negative bacteria.
30288 outer membrane-bounded periplasmic space C The region between the inner (cytoplasmic or plasma) membrane and outer membrane of organisms with two membranes such as Gram negative bacteria. These periplasmic spaces are relatively thick and contain a thin peptidoglycan layer (PGL), also referred to as a thin cell wall.
30289 protein phosphatase 4 complex C A protein serine/threonine phosphatase complex formed by the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 4 plus one or more regulatory subunits.
30290 sphingolipid activator protein activity F Any of a group of peptide cofactors of enzymes for the lysosomal degradation of sphingolipids. They stimulate various enzymes, including glucosylceramidase, galactosylceramidase, cerebroside-sulfatase, alpha-galactosidase, beta-galactosidase, and sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase.
30291 protein serine/threonine kinase inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a protein serine/threonine kinase.
30292 protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a protein tyrosine kinase.
30293 transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase.
30294 receptor signaling protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a receptor signaling protein tyrosine kinase.
30295 protein kinase activator activity F Binds to and increases the activity of a protein kinase, an enzyme which phosphorylates a protein.
30296 protein tyrosine kinase activator activity F Increases the activity of a protein tyrosine kinase, an enzyme which phosphorylates a tyrosyl phenolic group on a protein.
30297 transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activator activity F Binds to and increases the activity of a transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase.
30298 receptor signaling protein tyrosine kinase activator activity F Binds to and increases the activity of a receptor signaling protein tyrosine kinase.
30299 intestinal cholesterol absorption P Uptake of cholesterol into the blood by absorption from the small intestine.
30300 regulation of intestinal cholesterol absorption P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of absorption of cholesterol into the blood, and the exclusion of other sterols from absorption.
30301 cholesterol transport P The directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
30302 deoxynucleotide transport P The directed movement of a deoxynucleotide, a deoxyribonucleoside in ester linkage to phosphate, commonly at the 5' position of deoxyribose, into, out of or within a cell.
30305 heparanase activity F Catalysis of the cleavage of heparan sulfate; can degrade both heparan sulfate and heparin glycosaminoglycan chains.
30306 ADP-ribosylation factor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ARF, ADP-ribosylation factor, a small monomeric cytosolic GTPase that, when bound to GTP, binds to the membranes of cells.
30307 positive regulation of cell growth P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth.
30308 negative regulation of cell growth P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth.
30309 poly-N-acetyllactosamine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly-N-acetyllactosamine, a carbohydrate composed of N-acetyllactosamine repeats (Gal-beta-1,4-GlcNAc-beta-1,3)n.
30310 poly-N-acetyllactosamine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of poly-N-acetyllactosamine, a carbohydrate composed of N-acetyllactosamine repeats (Gal-beta-1,4-GlcNAc-beta-1,3)n.
30311 poly-N-acetyllactosamine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly-N-acetyllactosamine, a carbohydrate composed of N-acetyllactosamine repeats (Gal-beta-1,4-GlcNAc-beta-1,3)n.
30312 external encapsulating structure C A structure that lies outside the plasma membrane and surrounds the entire cell. This does not include the periplasmic space.
30313 cell envelope C An envelope that surrounds a bacterial cell and includes the cytoplasmic membrane and everything external, encompassing the periplasmic space, cell wall, and outer membrane if present.
30314 junctional membrane complex C Complex formed in muscle cells between the membrane of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and invaginations of the plasma membrane (T-tubules).
30315 T-tubule C Invagination of the plasma membrane of a muscle cell that extends inward from the cell surface around each myofibril. The ends of T-tubules make contact with the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane.
30316 osteoclast differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of an osteoclast. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue.
30317 flagellated sperm motility P Any process involved in the controlled movement of a flagellated sperm cell.
30318 melanocyte differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a melanocyte.
30320 cellular monovalent inorganic anion homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of monovalent inorganic anions at the level of a cell.
30321 transepithelial chloride transport P The directed movement of chloride ions from one side of an epithelium to the other.
30322 stabilization of membrane potential P The accomplishment of a non-fluctuating membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.
30323 respiratory tube development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the respiratory tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The respiratory tube is assumed to mean any tube in the respiratory tract.
30324 lung development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the oesophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive sac-like character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax.
30325 adrenal gland development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adrenal gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This gland can either be a discrete structure located bilaterally above each kidney, or a cluster of cells in the head kidney that perform the functions of the adrenal gland. In either case, this organ consists of two cells types, aminergic chromaffin cells and steroidogenic cortical cells.
30326 embryonic limb morphogenesis P The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the limb are generated and organized. A limb is an appendage of an animal used for locomotion or grasping.
30327 prenylated protein catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of prenylated proteins.
30328 prenylcysteine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of prenylcysteine, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl-cysteine, a derivative of the amino acid cysteine formed by the covalent addition of a prenyl residue.
30329 prenylcysteine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving prenylcysteine, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl-cysteine, a derivative of the amino acid cysteine formed by the covalent addition of a prenyl residue.
30330 DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator P A cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.
30331 estrogen receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an estrogen receptor.
30332 cyclin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cyclins, proteins whose levels in a cell varies markedly during the cell cycle, rising steadily until mitosis, then falling abruptly to zero. As cyclins reach a threshold level, they are thought to drive cells into G2 phase and thus to mitosis.
30334 regulation of cell migration P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.
30335 positive regulation of cell migration P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.
30336 negative regulation of cell migration P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.
30337 DNA polymerase processivity factor activity F An enzyme regulator activity that increases the processivity of polymerization by DNA polymerase, by allowing the polymerase to move rapidly along DNA while remaining topologically bound to it.
30338 CMP-N-acetylneuraminate monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = CMP-N-glycoloylneuraminate + NADP+ + H2O.
30339 fatty-acyl-ethyl-ester synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a long-chain-acyl ethyl ester + H2O = a long-chain carboxylic acid + ethanol.
30340 hyaluronate lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: hyaluronate = n 3-(4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.
30341 chondroitin AC lyase activity F Catalysis of the eliminative degradation of polysaccharides containing 1,4-beta-D-hexosaminyl and 1,3-beta-D-glucuronosyl linkages to disaccharides containing 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups.
30342 1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 24-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the hydroxylation of C-24 of 1-alpha,25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3; calcitriol).
30343 vitamin D3 25-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: vitamin D3 + NADPH + H+ + O2 = calcidiol + NADP+ + H2O.
30345 structural constituent of tooth enamel F The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of tooth enamel.
30346 protein phosphatase 2B binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the enzyme protein phosphatase 2B.
30348 syntaxin-3 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the SNAP receptor syntaxin-3.
30350 iron-responsive element binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the iron-responsive element, a regulatory sequence found in the 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions of mRNAs encoding many iron-binding proteins.
30351 inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate 3-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + H2O = inositol-1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate + phosphate.
30352 inositol-1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate 6-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: inositol-1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate + phosphate.
30353 fibroblast growth factor receptor antagonist activity F Interacts with the fibroblast growth factor receptor to reduce the action of another ligand, the agonist.
30354 melanin-concentrating hormone activity F The action characteristic of melanin-concentrating hormone, a cyclic peptide hormone that, upon receptor binding, induces melanin aggregation in melanocytes, and is also involved in regulating food intake and energy balance in mammals.
30366 molybdopterin synthase activity F Catalysis of the conversion of precursor Z to molybdopterin, the final step in molybdopterin biosynthesis.
30367 interleukin-17 receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-17 receptor.
30368 interleukin-17 receptor activity F Combining with any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
30369 ICAM-3 receptor activity F Combining with ICAM-3, intercellular adhesion molecule 3, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. ICAM-3, or CD50, are constitutively expressed on monocytes, granulocytes and lymphocytes; on physiological stimulation, they become transiently phosphorylated on serine residues.
30370 intercellular adhesion molecule-3 receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with receptors for intercellular adhesion molecule-3 (ICAM-3), such as DC-SIGN and LFA-1.
30371 translation repressor activity F Antagonizes ribosome-mediated translation of mRNA into a polypeptide.
30372 high molecular weight B cell growth factor receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the high molecular weight B cell growth factor receptor.
30373 high molecular weight B cell growth factor receptor activity F Combining with a high molecular weight B cell growth factor and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.
30374 ligand-dependent nuclear receptor transcription coactivator activity F The function of a transcription cofactor that activates transcription in conjuction with a ligand-dependent nuclear receptor from a RNA polymerase II promoter; does not bind DNA itself.
30375 thyroid hormone receptor coactivator activity F The function of a transcription cofactor that activates transcription in conjunction with a thyroid hormone-dependent nuclear receptor from a RNA polymerase II promoter; does not bind DNA itself.
30377 urokinase plasminogen activator receptor activity F Combining with the urokinase plasminogen activator to initiate a change in cell activity.
30378 serine racemase activity F Catalysis of the synthesis of free D-serine from L-serine.
30379 neurotensin receptor activity, non-G-protein coupled F Combining with neurotensin, a neuropeptide active in the central and peripheral nervous system in mammals, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other by a mechanism independent of coupling to G proteins.
30380 interleukin-17E receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-17E receptor.
30381 chorion-containing eggshell pattern formation P The regionalization process that gives rise to the structural pattern of a chorion-containing eggshell such as those found in insects.
30382 sperm mitochondrion organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of sperm mitochondria; the process in which they take on their characteristic morphology; they are flattened, elongated, and arranged circumferentially into a tight helical coil around the tail-dense fibers of the mature sperm.
30385 ferredoxin:thioredoxin reductase activity F Catalysis of the two-electron reduction of the disulfide of thioredoxins with electrons from ferredoxin involving a 4Fe-4S cluster and an adjacent active-site disulfide.
30386 ferredoxin:thioredoxin reductase complex C A protein complex that possesses ferredoxin:thioredoxin reductase activity.
30387 fructosamine-3-kinase activity F Catalysis of the phosphorylation of fructosamine to form fructosamine-3-kinase.
30388 fructose 1,6-bisphosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, also known as FBP. The D enantiomer is a metabolic intermediate in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.
30389 fructosamine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructosamine, a fructose molecule containing an amino group in place of a hydroxyl group.
30391 fructosamine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fructosamine, a fructose molecule containing an amino group in place of a hydroxyl group.
30392 fructosamine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructosamine, a fructose molecule containing an amino group in place of a hydroxyl group.
30393 fructoselysine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructoselysine, a fructose molecule containing a lysine group in place of a hydroxyl group.
30394 fructoseglycine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructoseglycine, a fructose molecule containing a glycine group in place of a hydroxyl group.
30395 lactose binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with lactose, a disaccharide of glucose and galactose, the carbohydrate of milk.
30397 membrane disassembly P The controlled breakdown of any cell membrane in the context of a normal process such as autophagy.
30398 peroxisomal membrane disassembly P The controlled breakdown of the membranes of cargo-carrying vesicles formed during peroxisome degradation.
30399 autophagosome membrane disassembly P The controlled breakdown of the membranes of autophagosomes.
30407 formimidoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a formimino group from 5-formimidoyltetrahydrofolate to an acceptor molecule such as an amino acid.
30408 glycine formimidoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-formimidoyltetrahydrofolate + glycine = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + N-formimidoylglycine.
30409 glutamate formimidoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-formimidoyltetrahydrofolate + L-glutamate = tetrahydrofolate + N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate.
30410 nicotianamine synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = 3 S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + 3 H(+) + nicotianamine.
30411 scytalone dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: scytalone = 1,3,8-trihydroxynaphthalene + H(2)O.
30412 formimidoyltetrahydrofolate cyclodeaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-formimidoyltetrahydrofolate + 2 H(+) = 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + NH(4)(+).
30413 competence pheromone activity F A small peptide excreted by a naturally transformable bacterium (e.g. Bacillus subtilis) that transmits a signal required for the establishment of competence.
30414 peptidase inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a peptidase, any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis peptide bonds.
30416 methylamine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving methylamine (CH3NH2).
30417 nicotianamine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotianamine, 2(S),3'2(S),3''(S)-N-(N-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid.
30418 nicotianamine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotianamine, 2(S),3'2(S),3''(S)-N-(N-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid.
30419 nicotianamine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nicotianamine, 2(S),3'2(S),3''(S)-N-(N-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid.
30420 establishment of competence for transformation P The process in which a naturally transformable bacterium acquires the ability to take up exogenous DNA. This term should be applied only to naturally transformable bacteria, and should not be used in the context of artificially induced bacterial transformation.
30421 defecation P The expulsion of feces from the rectum.
30422 production of siRNA involved in RNA interference P Cleavage of double-stranded RNA to form small interfering RNA molecules (siRNAs) of 21-23 nucleotides, in the context of RNA interference.
30423 targeting of mRNA for destruction involved in RNA interference P The process in which small interfering RNAs target cognate mRNA molecules for degradation.
30424 axon C The long process of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses, usually away from the cell body to the terminals and varicosities, which are sites of storage and release of neurotransmitter.
30425 dendrite C A neuron projection that has a short, tapering, often branched, morphology, receives and integrates signals from other neurons or from sensory stimuli, and conducts a nerve impulse towards the axon or the cell body. In most neurons, the impulse is conveyed from dendrites to axon via the cell body, but in some types of unipolar neuron, the impulse does not travel via the cell body.
30426 growth cone C The migrating motile tip of a growing nerve cell axon or dendrite.
30427 site of polarized growth C Any part of a cell where non-isotropic growth takes place.
30428 cell septum C A structure composed of peptidoglycan and often chitin in addition to other materials. It usually forms perpendicular to the long axis of a cell or hypha and grows centripetally from the cell wall to the center of the cell and often functions in the compartmentalization of a cell into two daughter cells.
30429 kynureninase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine.
30430 host cell cytoplasm C The cytoplasm of a host cell.
30431 sleep P Any process in which an organism enters and maintains a periodic, readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity. Usually accompanied by physical relaxation, the onset of sleep in humans and other mammals is marked by a change in the electrical activity of the brain.
30432 peristalsis P A wavelike sequence of involuntary muscular contraction and relaxation that passes along a tubelike structure, such as the intestine, impelling the contents onwards.
30433 ER-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proteins transported from the endoplasmic reticulum and targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation. This process acts on misfolded proteins as well as in the regulated degradation of correctly folded proteins.
30435 sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a cellular spore, a cell form that can be used for dissemination, for survival of adverse conditions because of its heat and dessication resistance, and/or for reproduction.
30436 asexual sporulation P The formation of spores derived from the products of mitosis. Examples of this process are found in Bacterial species.
30437 ascospore formation P The process in which cells that are products of meiosis acquire the specialized features of ascospores. Ascospores are generally found in clusters of four or eight spores within a single mother cell, the ascus, and are characteristic of the ascomycete fungi (phylum Ascomycota).
30445 yeast-form cell wall C The wall surrounding a cell of a dimorphic fungus growing in the single-cell budding yeast form, in contrast to the filamentous or hyphal form.
30446 hyphal cell wall C The cell wall surrounding a fungal hypha.
30447 filamentous growth P The process in which a multicellular organism, a unicellular organism or a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape.
30448 hyphal growth P Growth of fungi as threadlike, tubular structures that may contain multiple nuclei and may or may not be divided internally by septa, or cross-walls.
30449 regulation of complement activation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation.
30450 regulation of complement activation, classical pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the classical pathway of complement activation.
30451 regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the alternative pathway of complement activation.
30466 chromatin silencing at silent mating-type cassette P Repression of transcription at silent mating-type loci by alteration of the structure of chromatin.
30472 mitotic spindle organization in nucleus P A process resulting in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the microtubule spindle in the nucleus. The process occurs during a mitotic cell cycle and takes place at the cellular level.
30473 nuclear migration along microtubule P The directed movement of the nucleus along microtubules within the cell, mediated by motor proteins.
30474 spindle pole body duplication P Construction of a new spindle pole body.
30476 ascospore wall assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an ascospore wall. During sporulation in Ascomycota, each ascospore nucleus becomes surrounded by a specialized spore wall, formed by deposition of spore wall components in the lumenal space between the outer and inner leaflets of the prospore membrane. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
30478 actin cap C Polarized accumulation of cytoskeletal proteins (including F-actin) and regulatory proteins in a cell. An example of this is the actin cap found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
30479 actin cortical patch C An endocytic patch that consists of an actin-containing structure found at the plasma membrane in cells; formed of networks of branched actin filaments that lie just beneath the plasma membrane and assemble, move, and disassemble rapidly. An example of this is the actin cortical patch found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
30485 smooth muscle contractile fiber C The contractile fiber of smooth muscle cells.
30486 smooth muscle dense body C Electron-dense region associated with a smooth muscle contractile fiber.
30487 inositol-4,5-bisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate + phosphate.
30488 tRNA methylation P The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to specific residues in a tRNA molecule.
30490 maturation of SSU-rRNA P Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Small SubUnit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature SSU-rRNA molecule.
30491 heteroduplex formation P The formation of a stable duplex DNA that contains one strand from each of the two recombining DNA molecules.
30492 hemoglobin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with hemoglobin, an oxygen carrying, conjugated protein containing four heme groups and globin.
30493 bacteriochlorophyll metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a bacteriochlorophyll, any of the chlorophylls of photosynthetic bacteria. They differ structurally from the chlorophylls of higher plants.
30494 bacteriochlorophyll biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a bacteriochlorophyll, any of the chlorophylls of photosynthetic bacteria. They differ structurally from the chlorophylls of higher plants.
30495 bacteriochlorophyll catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of bacteriochlorophyll, any of the chlorophylls of photosynthetic bacteria. They differ structurally from the chlorophylls of higher plants.
30496 midbody C A thin cytoplasmic bridge formed between daughter cells at the end of cytokinesis. The midbody forms where the contractile ring constricts, and may persist for some time before finally breaking to complete cytokinesis.
30497 fatty acid elongation P The elongation of a fatty acid chain by the sequential addition of two-carbon units.
30500 regulation of bone mineralization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization.
30501 positive regulation of bone mineralization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization.
30502 negative regulation of bone mineralization P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization.
30504 inorganic diphosphate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of inorganic diphosphate across a membrane.
30505 inorganic diphosphate transport P The directed movement of inorganic diphosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
30506 ankyrin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ankyrin, a 200 kDa cytoskeletal protein that attaches other cytoskeletal proteins to integral membrane proteins.
30507 spectrin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with spectrin, a protein that is the major constituent of the erythrocyte cytoskeletal network. It associates with band 4.1 (see band protein) and actin to form the cytoskeletal superstructure of the erythrocyte plasma membrane. It is composed of nonhomologous chains, alpha and beta, which aggregate side-to-side in an antiparallel fashion to form dimers, tetramers, and higher polymers.
30509 BMP signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
30510 regulation of BMP signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any BMP receptor signaling pathway.
30511 positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway activity.
30512 negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of any TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway.
30513 positive regulation of BMP signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of BMP signaling pathway activity.
30514 negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the BMP signaling pathway.
30515 snoRNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with small nucleolar RNA.
30516 regulation of axon extension P Any process that modulates the rate, direction or extent of axon extension.
30517 negative regulation of axon extension P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon outgrowth.
30518 intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a intracellular steroid hormone receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
30519 snoRNP binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any part of a small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein particle.
30520 intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an intracellular estrogen receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand binding, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process (e.g. transcription).
30521 androgen receptor signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an androgen binding to its receptor.
30522 intracellular receptor signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to an receptor located within a cell.
30523 dihydrolipoamide S-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + dihydrolipoamide = CoA + S-acyldihydrolipoamide.
30526 granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor complex C The heterodimeric receptor for granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
30527 structural constituent of chromatin F The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of chromatin.
30529 intracellular ribonucleoprotein complex C An intracellular macromolecular complex containing both protein and RNA molecules.
30532 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex C A complex composed of RNA of the small nuclear RNA (snRNA) class and protein, found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. These are typically named after the snRNA(s) they contain, e.g. U1 snRNP or U4/U6 snRNP. Many, but not all, of these complexes are involved in splicing of nuclear mRNAs.
30533 triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity F The codon binding activity of a tRNA that positions an activated amino acid, mediating its insertion at the correct point in the sequence of a nascent polypeptide chain during protein synthesis.
30534 adult behavior P Behavior in a fully developed and mature organism.
30536 larval feeding behavior P Feeding behavior in a larval (immature) organism.
30537 larval behavior P Behavior in a larval form of an organism, an immature organism that must undergo metamorphosis to assume adult characteristics.
30538 embryonic genitalia morphogenesis P The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the genitalia are generated and organized.
30539 male genitalia development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male genitalia over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
30540 female genitalia development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the female genitalia over time, from formation to the mature structure.
30541 plasmid partitioning P Any process in which plasmids are segregated or distributed into daughter cells upon cell division.
30543 2-micrometer plasmid partitioning P The process in which copies of the 2-micrometer plasmid, found in fungi such as Saccharomyces, are distributed to daughter cells upon cell division.
30544 Hsp70 protein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with Hsp70 proteins, any of a group of heat shock proteins around 70kDa in size.
30545 receptor regulator activity F The function of interacting (directly or indirectly) with receptors such that the proportion of receptors in the active form is changed.
30546 receptor activator activity F The function of interacting (directly or indirectly) with receptors such that the proportion of receptors in the active form is increased.
30547 receptor inhibitor activity F The function of interacting (directly or indirectly) with receptors such that the proportion of receptors in the active form is decreased.
30548 acetylcholine receptor regulator activity F Interacting (directly or indirectly) with acetylcholine receptors such that the proportion of receptors in the active form is changed.
30549 acetylcholine receptor activator activity F Interacting (directly or indirectly) with acetylcholine receptors such that the proportion of receptors in the active form is increased.
30550 acetylcholine receptor inhibitor activity F Interacting (directly or indirectly) with acetylcholine receptors such that the proportion of receptors in the active form is decreased.
30551 cyclic nucleotide binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a cyclic nucleotide, a nucleotide in which the phosphate group is in diester linkage to two positions on the sugar residue.
30552 cAMP binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cAMP, the nucleotide cyclic AMP (adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).
30553 cGMP binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cGMP, the nucleotide cyclic GMP (guanosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).
30554 adenyl nucleotide binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with adenyl nucleotides, any compound consisting of adenosine esterified with (ortho)phosphate.
30555 RNA modification guide activity F Specifies the site of a posttranscriptional modification in an RNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.
30556 rRNA modification guide activity F Specifies the site of a posttranscriptional modification in an rRNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.
30557 tRNA modification guide activity F Specifies the site of a posttranscriptional modification in a tRNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.
30558 RNA pseudouridylation guide activity F Specifies the site of pseudouridylation in an RNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.
30559 rRNA pseudouridylation guide activity F Specifies the site of pseudouridylation in an rRNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.
30560 tRNA pseudouridylation guide activity F Specifies the site of pseudouridylation in a tRNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.
30561 RNA 2'-O-ribose methylation guide activity F Specifies the site of 2'-O-ribose methylation in an RNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.
30562 rRNA 2'-O-ribose methylation guide activity F Specifies the site of 2'-O-ribose methylation in an rRNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.
30563 snRNA 2'-O-ribose methylation guide activity F Activity that provides specificity to a methylase by using base complementarity to guide site-specific 2'-O-ribose methylations to a small nuclear RNA molecule.
30564 tRNA 2'-O-ribose methylation guide activity F Specifies the site of 2'-O-ribose methylation in a tRNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.
30565 snRNA pseudouridylation guide activity F Activity that provides specificity to a pseudouridine synthetase by using base complementarity to guide site-specific pseudouridylations to a small nuclear RNA molecule.
30566 snRNA modification guide activity F Specifies the site of a posttranscriptional modification in an snRNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.
30570 pectate lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a pectate = a pectate + a pectate oligosaccharide with 4-(4-deoxy-alpha-D-galact-4-enuronosyl)-D-galacturonate end. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of pectate to give oligosaccharides with 4-deoxy-alpha-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups at their non-reducing ends.
30572 phosphatidyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction involving the transfer of a phosphatidate (otherwise known as diacylglycerol 3-phosphosphate) group.
30573 bile acid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of bile acids, any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile.
30574 collagen catabolic process P The proteolytic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of collagen in the extracellular matrix, usually carried out by proteases secreted by nearby cells.
30575 nuclear body organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of any of the extra-nucleolar nuclear domains usually visualized by confocal microscopy and fluorescent antibodies to specific proteins.
30576 Cajal body organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of Cajal bodies, nuclear bodies that appear ultrastructurally as a tangle of coiled, electron-dense threads roughly 0.5 micrometers in diameter and are enriched in ribonucleoproteins, and certain general RNA polymerase II transcription factors.
30577 Lands organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of Lands, a class of nuclear body that react against SP140 auto-antibodies.
30578 PML body organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of PML bodies, a class of nuclear body; they react against SP100 auto-antibodies (PML = promyelocytic leukemia).
30579 ubiquitin-dependent SMAD protein catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of SMAD signaling proteins by ubiquitination and targeting to the proteasome.
30580 quinone cofactor methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine during the synthesis of quinone cofactors such as ubiquinone (coenzyme Q), menaquinone (vitamin K2), plastoquinone and phylloquinone (vitamin K1).
30581 symbiont intracellular protein transport in host P The directed movement of a symbiont's proteins within a cell of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
30582 reproductive fruiting body development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a reproductive fruiting body over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A reproductive fruiting body is a multicellular reproductive structure that contains spores.
30583 myxococcal fruiting body development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myxococcal fruiting body over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The process begins when myxococci respond to a lack of nutrients in the environment and ends when the myxococcal fruiting body is a mature structure.
30584 sporocarp development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a sporocarp over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sporocarp is a spore bearing fruiting body organ. An example of this process is found in the Fungal species Coprinopsis cinerea.
30585 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (diphosphate) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: diphosphate + oxaloacetate = CO(2) + phosphate + phosphoenolpyruvate.
30586 [methionine synthase] reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: [methionine synthase]-cob(II)alamin + NADPH + H+ + S-adenosyl methionine = [methionine synthase]-methylcob(I)alamin + S-adenosylhomocysteine + NADP+.
30587 sorocarp development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sorocarp over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The process begins with the aggregation of individual cells and ends with the mature sorocarp. The sorocarp is a structure containing a spore-bearing sorus that sits on top of a stalk. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum.
30588 pseudocleavage P Partial constriction of the cytoplasm of an embryo to form a furrow that resembles a cleavage furrow but does not complete cytokinesis.
30589 pseudocleavage involved in syncytial blastoderm formation P Formation of furrows in the cytoplasm between nuclei during cell cycles in embryos that contribute to the formation of the syncytial blastoderm. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
30590 first cell cycle pseudocleavage P A process that occurs during the first cell cycle in an embryo, in which anterior cortical contractions culminate in a single partial constriction of the embryo called the pseudocleavage furrow. An example of this process is found in nematode worms.
30591 NAD DNA ADP-ribosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of the ADP-ribose group of NAD+ to the amino group at N2 of 2'-deoxyguanosine to yield N2-(alpha-ADP-ribos-1-yl)-2'-deoxyguanosine and its beta form.
30592 DNA ADP-ribosylation P The covalent attachment of an ADP-ribosyl group to the amino group at N2 of a 2'-deoxyguanosine residue in double-stranded DNA.
30593 neutrophil chemotaxis P The directed movement of a neutrophil cell, the most numerous polymorphonuclear leukocyte found in the blood, in response to an external stimulus, usually an infection or wounding.
30594 neurotransmitter receptor activity F Combining with a neurotransmitter and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.
30595 leukocyte chemotaxis P The movement of a leukocyte in response to an external stimulus.
30596 alpha-L-rhamnosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing alpha-L-rhamnose residues in alpha-L-rhamnosides.
30597 RNA glycosylase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of N-glycosidic bonds in an RNA molecule.
30598 rRNA N-glycosylase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the N-glycosylic bond at A-4324 in 28S rRNA from rat ribosomes or corresponding sites in 28S RNA from other species.
30599 pectinesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: pectin + n H2O = n methanol + pectate.
30600 feruloyl esterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: feruloyl-polysaccharide + H2O = ferulate + polysaccharide.
30603 oxaloacetase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + oxaloacetate = acetate + H(+) + oxalate.
30604 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate + NADP(+) = 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate + H(+) + NADPH.
30611 arsenate reductase activity F Catalysis of the interconversion of arsenate and arsenite.
30612 arsenate reductase (thioredoxin) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: arsenate + thioredoxin = arsenite + thioredoxin disulfide. Thioredoxin disulfide is also known as oxidized thioredoxin.
30613 oxidoreductase activity, acting on phosphorus or arsenic in donors F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a phosphorus- or arsenic-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.
30614 oxidoreductase activity, acting on phosphorus or arsenic in donors, disulfide as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a phosphorus- or arsenic-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a disulfide.
30616 transforming growth factor beta receptor, common-partner cytoplasmic mediator activity F A TGF-beta cytoplasmic mediator that forms a complex with a phosphorylated pathway-specific mediator. The heterocomplex translocates to the nucleus to regulate transcription.
30617 transforming growth factor beta receptor, inhibitory cytoplasmic mediator activity F A TGF-beta cytoplasmic mediator that inhibits the signaling function of common-partner and pathway-specific mediators.
30618 transforming growth factor beta receptor, pathway-specific cytoplasmic mediator activity F A TGF-beta cytoplasmic mediator that is phosphorylated by a TGFbeta receptor and complexes with a common-partner mediator. The- heterocomplex translocates to the nucleus to regulate transcription.
30619 U1 snRNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the U1 small nuclear RNA (U1 snRNA).
30620 U2 snRNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the U2 small nuclear RNA (U2 snRNA).
30621 U4 snRNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the U4 small nuclear RNA (U4 snRNA).
30622 U4atac snRNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the U4atac small nuclear RNA (U4atac snRNA).
30623 U5 snRNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the U5 small nuclear RNA (U5 snRNA).
30624 U6atac snRNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the U6atac small nuclear RNA (U6atac snRNA).
30625 U11 snRNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the U11 small nuclear RNA (U11 snRNA).
30626 U12 snRNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the U12 small nuclear RNA (U12 snRNA).
30627 pre-mRNA 5'-splice site binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the pre-mRNA 5' splice site sequence.
30628 pre-mRNA 3'-splice site binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the pre-mRNA 3' splice site sequence.
30629 U6 snRNA 3'-end binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the 3' end of the U6 small nuclear RNA (U6 snRNA).
30631 pyrrolysine incorporation P The incorporation of pyrrolysine, also known as lysine methylamine methyltransferase cofactor adduct, into a peptide; uses a special tRNA that recognizes the UAG codon as a modified lysine, rather than as a termination codon. Pyrrolysine may be synthesized as a free amino acid or synthesized from a lysine charged tRNA before its incorporation; it is not a posttranslational modification of peptidyl-lysine; this modification is found in several Methanosarcina methylamine methyltransferases.
30632 D-alanine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-alanine, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid alanine, i.e (2R)-2-aminopropanoic acid.
30633 D-alanine family amino acid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-alanine and related amino acids.
30634 carbon fixation by acetyl-CoA pathway P A pathway of carbon dioxide fixation in which one molecule of acetyl-CoA is completely synthesized from two molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2).
30638 polyketide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving polyketides, any of a diverse group of natural products synthesized via linear poly-beta-ketones, which are themselves formed by repetitive head-to-tail addition of acetyl (or substituted acetyl) units indirectly derived from acetate (or a substituted acetate) by a mechanism similar to that for fatty acid biosynthesis but without the intermediate reductive steps.
30639 polyketide biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polyketides, any of a diverse group of natural products synthesized via linear poly-beta-ketones, which are themselves formed by repetitive head-to-tail addition of acetyl (or substituted acetyl) units indirectly derived from acetate (or a substituted acetate) by a mechanism similar to that for fatty acid biosynthesis but without the intermediate reductive steps.
30640 polyketide catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polyketides, any of a diverse group of natural products synthesized via linear poly-beta-ketones, which are themselves formed by repetitive head-to-tail addition of acetyl (or substituted acetyl) units indirectly derived from acetate (or a substituted acetate) by a mechanism similar to that for fatty acid biosynthesis but without the intermediate reductive steps.
30641 regulation of cellular pH P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of hydrogen ions (protons) within a cell or between a cell and its external environment.
30642 cellular sulfate ion homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of sulfate ions at the level of a cell.
30643 cellular phosphate ion homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of phosphate ions at the level of a cell.
30644 cellular chloride ion homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of chloride ions at the level of a cell.
30645 glucose catabolic process to butyrate P The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose, with the production of acetic acid, butyric acid, carbon dioxide (CO2), and dihydrogen; effected by some saccharolytic species of Clostridium, e.g. C. butyricum.
30647 aminoglycoside antibiotic metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving an aminoglycoside antibiotic, any member of a group of broad spectrum antibiotics, of similar toxicity and pharmacology, that contain an aminodeoxysugar, an amino- or guanidino-substituted inositol ring, and one or more residues of other sugars. The group includes streptomycin, neomycin, framycetin, kanamycin, paromomycin, and gentamicin.
30648 aminoglycoside antibiotic biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an aminoglycoside antibiotic, any member of a group of broad spectrum antibiotics, of similar toxicity and pharmacology, that contain an aminodeoxysugar, an amino- or guanidino-substituted inositol ring, and one or more residues of other sugars. The group includes streptomycin, neomycin, framycetin, kanamycin, paromomycin, and gentamicin.
30649 aminoglycoside antibiotic catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an aminoglycoside antibiotic, any member of a group of broad spectrum antibiotics, of similar toxicity and pharmacology, that contain an aminodeoxysugar, an amino- or guanidino-substituted inositol ring, and one or more residues of other sugars. The group includes streptomycin, neomycin, framycetin, kanamycin, paromomycin, and gentamicin.
30650 peptide antibiotic metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving peptides with antibiotic activity.
30651 peptide antibiotic biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptides with antibiotic activity.
30652 peptide antibiotic catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of peptides with antibiotic activity.
30653 beta-lactam antibiotic metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a beta-lactam antibiotic, any member of a class of natural or semisynthetic antibiotics whose characteristic feature is a strained, four-membered beta-lactam ring. They include the penicillins and many of the cephalosporins.
30654 beta-lactam antibiotic biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a beta-lactam antibiotic, any member of a class of natural or semisynthetic antibiotics whose characteristic feature is a strained, four-membered beta-lactam ring. They include the penicillins and many of the cephalosporins.
30655 beta-lactam antibiotic catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a beta-lactam antibiotic, any member of a class of natural or semisynthetic antibiotics whose characteristic feature is a strained, four-membered beta-lactam ring. They include the penicillins and many of the cephalosporins.
30656 regulation of vitamin metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body.
30658 transport vesicle membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a transport vesicle.
30659 cytoplasmic vesicle membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a cytoplasmic vesicle.
30660 Golgi-associated vesicle membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle associated with the Golgi apparatus.
30661 chitosome membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a chitosome.
30662 coated vesicle membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a coated vesicle.
30663 COPI-coated vesicle membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a COPI-coated vesicle.
30665 clathrin-coated vesicle membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-coated vesicle.
30666 endocytic vesicle membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding an endocytic vesicle.
30667 secretory granule membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a secretory granule.
30668 merozoite dense granule membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a dense granule of the type found in apicomplexan parasites.
30669 clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle.
30670 phagocytic vesicle membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a phagocytic vesicle.
30671 clathrin-coated phagocytic vesicle membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-coated phagocytic vesicle.
30672 synaptic vesicle membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a synaptic vesicle.
30673 axolemma C The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding an axon; it is a specialized trilaminar random mosaic of protein molecules floating within a fluid matrix of highly mobile phospholipid molecules, 7-8 nm in thickness.
30674 protein binding, bridging F The binding activity of a molecule that brings together two or more protein molecules, or a protein and another macromolecule or complex, through a selective, non-covalent, often stoichiometric interaction, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way.
30676 Rac guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity F Stimulates the exchange of guanyl nucleotides associated with a GTPase of the Rac family. Under normal cellular physiological conditions, the concentration of GTP is higher than that of GDP, favoring the replacement of GDP by GTP in association with the GTPase.
30677 ribonuclease P complex C A ribonucleoprotein complex that catalyzes cleavage of the leader sequence of precursor tRNAs (pre-tRNAs), generating the mature 5' end of tRNAs.
30678 mitochondrial ribonuclease P complex C A ribonuclease P complex located in the mitochondrion of a eukaryotic cell, where it catalyzes the 5' endonucleolytic cleavage of precursor tRNAs to yield mature tRNAs. The subunit composition of mitochondrial ribonuclease P complexes varies between species, but the complex often contains a single RNA molecule and a single protein molecule.
30679 cyanelle ribonuclease P complex C A ribonuclease P complex located in the cyanelle, where it catalyzes the 5' endonucleolytic cleavage of precursor tRNAs to yield mature tRNAs. The best characterized cyanelle ribonuclease P complex, from the alga Cyanophora paradoxa, contains a single RNA molecule that is necessary but not sufficient for catalysis, and several protein molecules.
30680 dimeric ribonuclease P complex C A ribonuclease P complex that contains a single RNA molecule that is necessary and usually sufficient for catalysis, and a single protein molecule. Examples of this complex are found in Bacterial species.
30681 multimeric ribonuclease P complex C A ribonuclease P complex that generally contains a single RNA molecule and several protein molecules. Examples of this complex are found in Archaeal species.
30682 evasion or tolerance of host defense response P Any process, either active or passive, by which an organism avoids or tolerates the effects of its host organism's defense response. The host defense response is mounted by the host in response to the presence of the organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
30683 evasion or tolerance by virus of host immune response P Any process, either active or passive, by which a virus avoids the effects of the host organism's immune response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
30684 preribosome C Any complex of pre-rRNAs, ribosomal proteins, and associated proteins formed during ribosome biogenesis.
30685 nucleolar preribosome C Any complex of pre-rRNAs, ribosomal proteins, and associated proteins formed in the nucleolus during ribosome biogenesis.
30686 90S preribosome C A large ribonucleoprotein complex considered to be the earliest preribosomal complex. In S. cerevisiae, it has a size of 90S and consists of the 35S pre-rRNA, early-associating ribosomal proteins most of which are part of the small ribosomal subunit, the U3 snoRNA and associated proteins.
30687 preribosome, large subunit precursor C A preribosomal complex consisting of 27SA, 27SB, and/or 7S pre-rRNA, 5S rRNA, ribosomal proteins including late-associating large subunit proteins, and associated proteins; a precursor of the eukaryotic cytoplasmic large ribosomal subunit.
30688 preribosome, small subunit precursor C A preribosomal complex consisting of 20S pre-rRNA, ribosomal proteins including late-associating small subunit proteins, and associated proteins; a precursor of the eukaryotic cytoplasmic small ribosomal subunit.
30689 Noc complex C Any of several heterodimers containing one or two Noc proteins, associated with preribosomal complexes; involved in ribosome biogenesis.
30690 Noc1p-Noc2p complex C A heterodimer associated with 90S and 66S preribosomes. Predominantly, but not exclusively, nucleolar; involved in ribosomal large subunit biogenesis.
30691 Noc2p-Noc3p complex C A heterodimer associated with 66S preribosomes; predominantly nucleoplasmic, but also locates to the nucleolus; involved in ribosomal large subunit biogenesis.
30692 Noc4p-Nop14p complex C A heterodimer associated with precursors of the eukaryotic small ribosomal subunit, including the 90S preribosome; involved in small subunit biogenesis.
30694 bacterial-type flagellum basal body, rod C The central portion of the flagellar basal body, which spans the periplasm and threads through the rings. Examples of this component are found in Bacterial species.
30695 GTPase regulator activity F Modulates the rate of GTP hydrolysis by a GTPase.
30696 tRNA (m5U54) methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from a donor to the C5 atom of the uridine residue at position 54 in a tRNA molecule.
30697 S-adenosylmethionine-dependent tRNA (m5U54) methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing thymine at position U54 of a transfer RNA. This occurs in most Gram-negative bacteria, some archae, and eukaryotes.
30698 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate-dependent tRNA (m5U54) methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to the C5 atom of the uridine residue at position 54 in a tRNA molecule. This occurs in most Gram-positive bacteria and some Gram-negative bacteria.
30699 glycine reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl phosphate + H(2)O + NH(4)(+) + thioredoxin disulfide = glycine + H(+) + phosphate + thioredoxin.
30700 glycine reductase complex C Complex that possesses glycine reductase activity; usually comprises three subunits, of which two are selenoproteins; the subunits are typically designated selenoprotein A, selenoprotein B and protein C.
30701 NAD+-dinitrogen-reductase ADP-D-ribosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + [dinitrogen reductase] = nicotinamide + ADP-D-ribosyl-[dinitrogen reductase].
30702 chromatin silencing at centromere P Repression of transcription of centromeric DNA by altering the structure of chromatin.
30703 eggshell formation P Construction of the eggshell, a product of the somatic follicle cell epithelium and a structure that supports the egg in a hostile environment, minimizing water loss whilst allowing gas exchanges essential for embryonic respiration.
30704 vitelline membrane formation P Construction of the vitelline membrane portion of the egg shell, a rigid structure required to maintain the shape of the egg.
30705 cytoskeleton-dependent intracellular transport P The directed movement of substances along cytoskeletal fibers such as microfilaments or microtubules within a cell.
30706 germarium-derived oocyte differentiation P The process in which one relatively unspecialized immature cystocyte of the germ-line cyst in the germarium acquires the specialized features of an oocyte. An example of this process can be found in Drosophila melanogaster.
30707 ovarian follicle cell development P The process that occurs during oogenesis involving the ovarian follicle cells, somatic cells which surround the germ cells of an ovary. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
30708 germarium-derived female germ-line cyst encapsulation P Formation of a single follicular epithelium around the germ-line derived cells of a cyst formed in the germarium. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
30709 border follicle cell delamination P The delamination process that results in the splitting off of border cells from the anterior epithelium, prior to border cell migration.
30710 regulation of border follicle cell delamination P Any process that regulates the frequency, rate or extent of border cell delamination.
30711 positive regulation of border follicle cell delamination P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of border cell delamination.
30712 negative regulation of border follicle cell delamination P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of border cell delamination.
30713 ovarian follicle cell stalk formation P Development of ovarian follicle cells to create the interfollicular stalks that connect the egg chambers of progressive developmental stages. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
30714 anterior/posterior axis specification, follicular epithelium P Polarization of the follicle cells of an insect ovary along the anterior/posterior axis.
30715 oocyte growth in germarium-derived egg chamber P The increase in volume of an oocyte during the growth phase of the egg chamber, once the egg chamber has left the germarium. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
30716 oocyte fate determination P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an oocyte cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
30717 karyosome formation P The chromosome organization process in which meiotic chromosomes in the oocyte nucleus cluster together to form a compact spherical structure called the karyosome.
30718 germ-line stem cell population maintenance P Any process by which an organism or tissue maintains a population of germ-line stem cells.
30719 P granule organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of polar granules, cytoplasmic, non-membranous RNA/protein complex aggregates in the primordial germ cells of many higher eukaryotes.
30720 oocyte localization involved in germarium-derived egg chamber formation P Directed movement of the oocyte, following its specification, from its original central position in the cyst to a posterior position relative to the nurse cells of the egg chamber, and its maintenance in this posterior location. This is the first sign of anterior-posterior asymmetry in the developing egg chamber.
30721 spectrosome organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the spectrosome, a germline specific spherical organelle that is the precursor to the fusome.
30722 establishment of oocyte nucleus localization involved in oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification P The directed movement of the nucleus to a specific location within the cell during the establishment and maintenance of the dorsal/ventral axis of the oocyte. In the insect oocyte, for example, the nucleus is repositioned to a dorso-anterior position.
30723 ovarian fusome organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the fusome of ovarian cells, an organelle derived from the spectrosome. It anchors the mitotic spindle pole to provide orientation during cystoblast cell divisions.
30724 testicular fusome organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the fusome of testicular cells, an organelle derived from the spectrosome.
30725 germline ring canal formation P Assembly of the cytoplasmic bridges between developing spermatogonial or oogonial cysts.
30726 male germline ring canal formation P Formation of the intercellular bridges that connect the germ-line cells of a male cyst.
30727 germarium-derived female germ-line cyst formation P Formation, in a germarium, of a group of interconnected cells derived from a single female gonial founder cell (a cystoblast). The germarium is the most anterior portion of an insect ovariole. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
30728 ovulation P The release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary.
30729 acetoacetate-CoA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetoacetate + ATP + CoA = acetoacetyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate + H(+).
30730 sequestering of triglyceride P The process of binding or confining any triester of glycerol such that it is separated from other components of a biological system.
30731 guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanidinoacetate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + creatine + H(+).
30732 methionine S-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + L-methionine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + S-methyl-L-methionine.
30733 fatty acid O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a fatty acid = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a fatty acid methyl ester.
30734 polysaccharide O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 1,4-N1-D-glucooligosaccharide = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + oligosaccharide containing 6-methyl-D-glucose units.
30735 carnosine N-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + carnosine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + anserine + H(+).
30736 phenol O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phenol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + anisole + H(+).
30737 iodophenol O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-iodophenol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 1-iodo-2-methoxybenzene + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+).
30738 tyramine N-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tyramine = N-methyltyramine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+).
30739 O-demethylpuromycin O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + O-demethylpuromycin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + puromycin.
30740 inositol 3-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + myo-inositol = 1D-3-O-methyl-myo-inositol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+).
30741 inositol 1-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + myo-inositol = 1D-1-O-methyl-myo-inositol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+).
30742 GTP-dependent protein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules) using energy from the hydrolysis of GTP.
30743 rRNA (adenosine-2'-O-)-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing a single residue of 2'-O-methyladenosine.
30744 luteolin O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + luteolin = 4',5,7-trihydroxy-3'-methoxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+).
30745 dimethylhistidine N-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N-alpha,N-alpha-dimethyl-L-histidine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine.
30746 isoflavone 4'-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + isoflavone = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 4'-O-methylisoflavone.
30747 indolepyruvate C-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (indol-3-yl)pyruvate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (S)-3-(indol-3-yl)-2-oxobutanoate.
30748 amine N-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + an amine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a methylated amine.
30749 loganate O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + loganate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + loganin.
30750 putrescine N-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + putrescine = N-methylputrescine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+).
30751 licodione 2'-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + licodione = 2'-O-methyllicodione + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+).
30752 5-hydroxyfuranocoumarin 5-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 5-hydroxyfuranocoumarin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methoxyfuranocoumarin.
30753 8-hydroxyfuranocoumarin 8-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + xanthotoxol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + xanthotoxin. Xanthotoxol is also known as 8-hydroxyfuranocoumarin and xanthotoxin as 8-methoxyfuranocoumarin.
30754 apigenin 4'-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 4'-methoxy-5,7-dihydroxyflavone.
30755 quercetin 3-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3,5,7,3',4'-pentahydroxyflavone = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3-methoxy-5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-flavone.
30756 isoorientin 3'-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + isoorientin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+) + isoscoparin.
30757 3-methylquercitin 7-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxy-3-methoxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = 3',4',5-trihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
30758 3,7-dimethylquercitin 4'-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3',4',5-trihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = 3',5-dihydroxy-3,4',7-trimethoxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+).
30759 methylquercetagetin 6-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3',4',5,6-tetrahydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = 3',4',5-trihydroxy-3,6,7-trimethoxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+).
30760 pyridine N-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + pyridine = N-methylpyridinium + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
30761 8-hydroxyquercitin 8-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3,3',4',5,7,8-hexahydroxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = 3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxy-8-methoxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+).
30762 tetrahydrocolumbamine 2-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-tetrahydrocolumbamine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+) + tetrahydropalmatine.
30763 isobutyraldoxime O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylpropanal oxime + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylpropanal O-methyloxime + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+).
30766 11-O-demethyl-17-O-deacetylvindoline O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 11-O-demethyl-17-O-deacetylvindoline = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 17-O-deacetylvindoline.
30767 3-hydroxyanthranilate 4-C-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxyanthranilate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 3-hydroxy-4-methylanthranilate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+).
30768 16-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxytabersonine N-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxy-16-methoxy-2,3-dihydrotabersonine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + deacetoxyvindoline + H(+).
30769 macrocin O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + macrocin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+) + tylosin.
30770 demethylmacrocin O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + demethylmacrocin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+) + macrocin.
30771 N-benzoyl-4-hydroxyanthranilate 4-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-benzoyl-4-hydroxyanthranilate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = N-benzoyl-4-methoxyanthranilate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+).
30772 tryptophan 2-C-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + L-tryptophan = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + L-2-methyltryptophan + H(+).
30773 6-hydroxymellein O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxymellein + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 6-methoxymellein + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+).
30774 anthranilate N-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + anthranilate = N-methylanthranilate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+).
30775 glucuronoxylan 4-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + glucuronoxylan D-glucuronate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + glucuronoxylan 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronate.
30776 (RS)-1-benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline N-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (RS)-1-benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-methyl-(RS)-1-benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline.
30777 (S)-scoulerine 9-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-scoulerine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = (S)-tetrahydrocolumbamine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+).
30778 columbamine O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + columbamine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+) + palmatine.
30779 10-hydroxydihydrosanguinarine 10-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 10-hydroxydihydrosanguinarine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + dihydrochelirubine + H(+).
30780 12-hydroxydihydrochelirubine 12-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 12-hydroxydihydrochelirubine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + dihydromacarpine + H(+).
30781 6-O-methylnorlaudanosoline 5'-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 6-O-methylnorlaudanosoline = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + nororientaline.
30782 (S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (S)-7,8,13,14-tetrahydroprotoberberine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + cis-N-methyl-(S)-7,8,13,14-tetrahydroprotoberberine.
30783 [cytochrome c]-methionine S-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + [cytochrome c]-methionine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + [cytochrome c]-S-methyl-methionine.
30784 3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (S)-reticuline.
30785 [ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase]-lysine N-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + [ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase]-lysine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + [ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase]-N6-methyl-L-lysine.
30786 (RS)-norcoclaurine 6-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (RS)-norcoclaurine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (RS)-coclaurine.
30787 inositol 4-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + myo-inositol = 1D-4-O-methyl-myo-inositol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+).
30788 precorrin-2 C20-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + precorrin-2 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+) + precorrin-3A.
30789 precorrin-3B C17-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + precorrin-3B = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + precorrin 4.
30790 chlorophenol O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + trichlorophenol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + trichloroanisole.
30791 arsenite methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + arsenite = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methylarsonate.
30792 methylarsonite methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + methylarsonite = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + dimethylarsinate.
30793 3'-demethylstaurosporine O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-demethylstaurosporine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+) + staurosporine.
30794 (S)-coclaurine-N-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (S)-coclaurine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (S)-N-methylcoclaurine.
30795 jasmonate O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + jasmonate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyljasmonate.
30796 cycloartenol 24-C-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cycloartenol = (24R)-24-methylcycloart-25-en-3beta-ol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+).
30797 24-methylenesterol C-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 24-methylidenelophenol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = (Z)-24-ethylidenelophenol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+).
30798 trans-aconitate 2-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + trans-aconitate = (E)-3-(methoxycarbonyl)pent-2-enedioate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
30799 regulation of cyclic nucleotide metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving cyclic nucleotides.
30800 negative regulation of cyclic nucleotide metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving cyclic nucleotides.
30801 positive regulation of cyclic nucleotide metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving cyclic nucleotides.
30802 regulation of cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyclic nucleotides.
30803 negative regulation of cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyclic nucleotides.
30804 positive regulation of cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyclic nucleotides.
30805 regulation of cyclic nucleotide catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyclic nucleotides.
30806 negative regulation of cyclic nucleotide catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyclic nucleotides.
30807 positive regulation of cyclic nucleotide catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyclic nucleotides.
30808 regulation of nucleotide biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotides.
30809 negative regulation of nucleotide biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotides.
30810 positive regulation of nucleotide biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotides.
30811 regulation of nucleotide catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides.
30812 negative regulation of nucleotide catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides.
30813 positive regulation of nucleotide catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides.
30814 regulation of cAMP metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).
30815 negative regulation of cAMP metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).
30816 positive regulation of cAMP metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).
30817 regulation of cAMP biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).
30818 negative regulation of cAMP biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).
30819 positive regulation of cAMP biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).
30820 regulation of cAMP catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).
30821 negative regulation of cAMP catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).
30822 positive regulation of cAMP catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).
30823 regulation of cGMP metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving cGMP.
30824 negative regulation of cGMP metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving cGMP.
30825 positive regulation of cGMP metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving cGMP.
30826 regulation of cGMP biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cGMP.
30827 negative regulation of cGMP biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cGMP.
30828 positive regulation of cGMP biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cGMP.
30829 regulation of cGMP catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cGMP.
30830 negative regulation of cGMP catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cGMP.
30831 positive regulation of cGMP catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cGMP.
30832 regulation of actin filament length P Any process that controls the length of actin filaments in a cell.
30833 regulation of actin filament polymerization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of actin filaments by the addition of actin monomers to a filament.
30834 regulation of actin filament depolymerization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the disassembly of actin filaments by the removal of actin monomers from a filament.
30835 negative regulation of actin filament depolymerization P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin depolymerization.
30836 positive regulation of actin filament depolymerization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin depolymerization.
30837 negative regulation of actin filament polymerization P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin polymerization.
30838 positive regulation of actin filament polymerization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin polymerization.
30839 regulation of intermediate filament polymerization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of intermediate filaments by the addition of monomers to a filament.
30840 negative regulation of intermediate filament polymerization P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate filament polymerization.
30841 positive regulation of intermediate filament polymerization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate filament polymerization.
30842 regulation of intermediate filament depolymerization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the disassembly of intermediate filaments by the removal of monomers from a filament.
30843 negative regulation of intermediate filament depolymerization P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate filament depolymerization.
30844 positive regulation of intermediate filament depolymerization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate filament depolymerization.
30845 phospholipase C-inhibiting G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway P A G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway which proceeds with inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) activity and a subsequent decrease in the levels of cellular inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG).
30846 termination of RNA polymerase II transcription, poly(A)-coupled P The process in which transcription of polyadenylated RNA polymerase II transcripts is terminated; cleavage and polyadenylylation of the mRNA 3' end is coupled to transcription termination.
30847 termination of RNA polymerase II transcription, exosome-dependent P The process in which transcription of nonpolyadenylated RNA polymerase II transcripts is terminated; coupled to the maturation of the RNA 3'-end.
30848 threo-3-hydroxyaspartate ammonia-lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (3S)-3-hydroxy-L-aspartate = NH(4)(+) + oxaloacetate.
30849 autosome C Any chromosome other than a sex chromosome.
30850 prostate gland development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the prostate gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The prostate gland is a partly muscular, partly glandular body that is situated near the base of the mammalian male urethra and secretes an alkaline viscid fluid which is a major constituent of the ejaculatory fluid.
30851 granulocyte differentiation P The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a granulocyte. Granulocytes are a class of leukocytes characterized by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm. These cells are active in allergic immune reactions such as arthritic inflammation and rashes. This class includes basophils, eosinophils and neutrophils.
30852 regulation of granulocyte differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of granulocyte differentiation.
30853 negative regulation of granulocyte differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of granulocyte differentiation.
30854 positive regulation of granulocyte differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of granulocyte differentiation.
30855 epithelial cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell, any of the cells making up an epithelium.
30856 regulation of epithelial cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation.
30857 negative regulation of epithelial cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation.
30858 positive regulation of epithelial cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation.
30859 polarized epithelial cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a polarized epithelial cell. The polarized epithelial cell can be any of the cells within an epithelium where the epithelial sheet is oriented with respect to the planar axis.
30860 regulation of polarized epithelial cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of polarized epithelial cell differentiation.
30861 negative regulation of polarized epithelial cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of polarized epithelial cell differentiation.
30862 positive regulation of polarized epithelial cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of polarized epithelial cell differentiation.
30863 cortical cytoskeleton C The portion of the cytoskeleton that lies just beneath the plasma membrane.
30864 cortical actin cytoskeleton C The portion of the actin cytoskeleton, comprising filamentous actin and associated proteins, that lies just beneath the plasma membrane.
30865 cortical cytoskeleton organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures in the cell cortex, i.e. just beneath the plasma membrane.
30866 cortical actin cytoskeleton organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of actin-based cytoskeletal structures in the cell cortex, i.e. just beneath the plasma membrane.
30867 rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
30868 smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
30869 RENT complex C A protein complex that mediates transcriptional silencing at the rDNA locus (the name derives from regulator of nucleolar silencing and telophase). In Saccharomyces the complex contains Net1p, Sir2p, Cdc14p, and at least one more subunit.
30870 Mre11 complex C Trimeric protein complex that possesses endonuclease activity; involved in meiotic recombination, DNA repair and checkpoint signaling. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the complex comprises Mre11p, Rad50p, and Xrs2p; complexes identified in other species generally contain proteins orthologous to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins.
30874 nucleolar chromatin C The portion of nuclear chromatin associated with the nucleolus; includes the DNA encoding the ribosomal RNA.
30875 rDNA protrusion C Any of the tandem arrays of rDNA localized at the periphery of the nucleus and protruding into the nucleolus, and associated proteins. May be visible as a single or double spot by DAPI staining.
30876 interleukin-20 receptor complex C A protein complex composed of an alpha and a beta receptor subunit and an interleukin ligand. In human, Interleukin-19, -20 and -24 bind IL20RA/IL20RB receptor subunits and Interleukin-20 and -24 bind IL22RA1/IL20RB receptor subunits.
30877 beta-catenin destruction complex C A cytoplasmic protein complex containing glycogen synthase kinase-3-beta (GSK-3-beta), the adenomatous polyposis coli protein (APC), and the scaffolding protein axin, among others; phosphorylates beta-catenin, targets it for degradation by the proteasome.
30878 thyroid gland development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the thyroid gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The thyroid gland is an endoderm-derived gland that produces thyroid hormone.
30879 mammary gland development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mammary gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk. Its development starts with the formation of the mammary line and ends as the mature gland cycles between nursing and weaning stages.
30880 RNA polymerase complex C Any complex that possesses RNA polymerase activity; generally comprises a catalytic subunit and one or more additional subunits.
30881 beta-2-microglobulin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with beta-2-microglobulin.
30882 lipid antigen binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a lipid antigen.
30883 endogenous lipid antigen binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an endogenous cellular lipid antigen.
30884 exogenous lipid antigen binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an exogenous lipid antigen (examples include microbial lipids and glycolipids).
30885 regulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation P Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of myeloid dendritic cell activation.
30886 negative regulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid dendritic cell activation.
30887 positive regulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation P Any process that stimulates, induces or increases the rate of myeloid dendritic cell activation.
30888 regulation of B cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of B cell proliferation.
30889 negative regulation of B cell proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of B cell proliferation.
30890 positive regulation of B cell proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of B cell proliferation.
30891 VCB complex C A protein complex that possesses ubiquitin ligase activity; the complex is usually pentameric; for example, in mammals the subunits are pVHL, elongin B, elongin C, cullin-2 (Cul2), and Rbx1.
30892 mitotic cohesin complex C A cohesin complex that mediates sister chromatid cohesion during mitosis; has a subunit composition distinct from that of the meiotic cohesin complex.
30893 meiotic cohesin complex C A cohesin complex that mediates sister chromatid cohesion during meiosis; has a subunit composition distinct from that of the mitotic cohesin complex.
30894 replisome C A multi-component enzymatic machine at the replication fork which mediates DNA replication. Includes DNA primase, one or more DNA polymerases, DNA helicases, and other proteins.
30895 apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme complex C Protein complex that mediates editing of the mRNA encoding apolipoprotein B; catalyzes the deamination of C to U (residue 6666 in the human mRNA). Contains a catalytic subunit, APOBEC-1, and other proteins (e.g. human ASP; rat ASP and KSRP).
30896 checkpoint clamp complex C Conserved heterotrimeric complex of PCNA-like proteins that is loaded onto DNA at sites of DNA damage.
30897 HOPS complex C A multimeric protein complex that associates with the vacuolar membrane, late endosomal (multivesicular body) and lysosomal membranes. HOPS is a tethering complex involved in vesicle fusion.
30898 actin-dependent ATPase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate. This reaction requires the presence of an actin filament to accelerate release of ADP and phosphate.
30899 calcium-dependent ATPase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate. This reaction requires the presence of calcium ion (Ca2+).
30900 forebrain development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the forebrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The forebrain is the anterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes especially the cerebral hemispheres, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus and especially in higher vertebrates is the main control center for sensory and associative information processing, visceral functions, and voluntary motor functions).
30901 midbrain development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the midbrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The midbrain is the middle division of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes a ventral part containing the cerebral peduncles and a dorsal tectum containing the corpora quadrigemina and that surrounds the aqueduct of Sylvius connecting the third and fourth ventricles).
30902 hindbrain development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hindbrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The hindbrain is the posterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain, or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata and controls the autonomic functions and equilibrium).
30903 notochord development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the notochord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The notochord is a mesoderm-derived structure located ventral of the developing nerve cord. In vertebrates, the notochord serves as a core around which other mesodermal cells form the vertebrae. In the most primitive chordates, which lack vertebrae, the notochord persists as a substitute for a vertebral column.
30904 retromer complex C A conserved hetero-pentameric membrane-associated complex involved in retrograde transport from endosomes to the Golgi apparatus. The budding yeast retromer comprises Vps35p, Vps29p, Vps26p, Vps5p, and Vps17p. The mammalian complex shows slight variation in composition compared to yeast, and comprises SNX1 or SNX2, SNX5 or SNX6, VPS26A or VPS26B, VPS29, and VPS35.
30905 retromer, tubulation complex C The dimeric subcomplex of the retromer, believed to be peripherally associated with the membrane. This dimeric complex is responsible for remodelling endosomal membranes to form a tube-structure to which cargo molecules are selected for recycling. The budding yeast complex comprises Vps5p and Vps17p, and may contain multiple copies of a Vps5p/Vps17p dimer. The mammalian complex contains SNX1 or SNX2 dimerized with SNX5 or SNX6.
30906 retromer, cargo-selective complex C The trimeric subcomplex of the retromer, believed to be closely associated with the membrane. This trimeric complex is responsible for recognizing and binding to cargo molecules. The complex comprises three Vps proteins in both yeast and mammalian cells: Vps35p, Vps29p, and Vps26p in yeast, and VPS35, VPS29 and VPS26A or VPS26B in mammals.
30907 MBF transcription complex C A protein complex that binds to the Mlu1 cell cycle box (MCB) promoter element, consensus sequence ACGCGN, and is involved in regulation of transcription during the G1/S transition of the cell cycle. In Saccharomyces, the complex contains a heterodimer of the DNA binding protein Mbp1p and the activator Swi4p, and is associated with additional proteins known as Nrm1p, Msa1p, and Msa2p; in Schizosaccharomyces the complex contains Res1p, Res2p, and Cdc10p.
30908 protein splicing P The post-translational removal of peptide sequences from within a protein sequence.
30909 non-intein-mediated protein splicing P The post-translational removal of peptide sequences from within a protein sequence, by a process not involving inteins.
30910 olfactory placode formation P The formation of a thickening of the neural ectoderm in the head region of the vertebrate embryo which develops into the olfactory region of the nasal cavity.
30911 TPR domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain of a protein, the consensus sequence of which is defined by a pattern of small and large hydrophobic amino acids and a structure composed of helices.
30912 response to deep water P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a deep water stimulus, being immersed in standing deep water throughout the life cycle.
30913 paranodal junction assembly P Formation of the junction between an axon and the glial cell that forms the myelin sheath. Paranodal junctions form at each paranode, i.e. at the ends of the unmyelinated nodes of Ranvier.
30914 STAGA complex C A large multiprotein complex that possesses histone acetyltransferase and is involved in regulation of transcription. The composition is similar to that of the SAGA complex; for example, the human complex contains the transcription-transformation cofactor TRRAP, hGCN5L acetylase, novel human ADA-like and SPT-like cofactors, and a subset of TAFs.
30915 Smc5-Smc6 complex C A conserved complex that contains a heterodimer of SMC proteins (Smc5p and Smc6p, or homologs thereof) and several other proteins, and is involved in DNA repair and maintaining cell cycle arrest following DNA damage. In S. cerevisiae, this is an octameric complex called Mms21-Smc5-Smc6 complex, with at least five of its subunits conserved in fission yeast and humans.
30916 otic vesicle formation P The process resulting in the transition of the otic placode into the otic vesicle, a transient embryonic structure formed during development of the vertebrate inner ear.
30917 midbrain-hindbrain boundary development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the midbrain-hindbrain boundary over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages.
30919 peptidyl-serine O-acetylation P The acetylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-acetyl-L-serine.
30920 peptidyl-serine acetylation P The acetylation of peptidyl-serine.
30921 peptidyl-tyrosine dehydrogenation to form (Z)-2,3-didehydrotyrosine P The oxidation of the C alpha-C beta bond of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-(Z)-2,3-didehydrotyrosine coupled with cyclization of neighboring residues.
30922 peptidyl-tyrosine dehydrogenation to form (E)-2,3-didehydrotyrosine P The oxidation of the C alpha-C beta bond of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-(E)-2,3-didehydrotyrosine coupled with cyclization of neighboring residues.
30923 metal incorporation into metallo-oxygen cluster P The formation of a cluster of several metal atoms, including manganese or calcium, with one or more bridging (mu-bond) oxygen atoms; amino acids residues in proteins that may ligate the metal oxygen cluster are histidine, aspartate, and glutamate.
30924 manganese incorporation into metallo-oxygen cluster P The incorporation of manganese into a metallo-oxygen cluster.
30925 calcium incorporation into metallo-oxygen cluster P The incorporation of calcium into a metallo-oxygen cluster.
30926 calcium incorporation into metallo-oxygen cluster via bis-L-aspartato tris-L-glutamato L-histidino calcium tetramanganese tetroxide P The incorporation of calcium into a 4Mn-Ca-4O complex by bis-L-aspartato tris-L-glutamato L-histidino calcium tetramanganese tetroxide as in the photosystem II catalytic site.
30927 manganese incorporation into metallo-oxygen cluster via bis-L-aspartato tris-L-glutamato L-histidino calcium tetramanganese tetroxide P The incorporation of manganese into a 4Mn-Ca-4O complex by bis-L-aspartato tris-L-glutamato L-histidino calcium tetramanganese tetroxide as in the photosystem II catalytic site.
30929 ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex C Complex that possesses ADPG pyrophosphorylase activity. In all organisms where it has been found, the complex is a tetramer. In bacteria, it is a homotetramer. In plants, the complex is a heterotetramer composed small and large subunits.
30930 homotetrameric ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex C A protein complex composed of four identical subunits that possesses ADPG pyrophosphorylase activity. Examples of this component are found in Bacterial species.
30931 heterotetrameric ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex C A protein complex composed of four different subunits that possesses ADPG pyrophosphorylase activity. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.
30932 amyloplast ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex C An ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex found in the amyloplast.
30933 chloroplast ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex C An ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex found in the chloroplast.
30934 anchoring collagen complex C Any collagen complex which links one collagen assembly, such as a collagen fibril or sheet, to other structures.
30935 sheet-forming collagen trimer C sheet-forming collagen trimer
30936 transmembrane collagen trimer C Any collagen trimer that passes through a lipid bilayer membrane.
30937 collagen type XVII trimer C A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XVII) chains; type XVII collagen triple helices span the plasma membrane and associate with hemidesmosomes and the basal lamina where they bind laminin.
30938 collagen type XVIII trimer C A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XVIII) chains.
30941 chloroplast targeting sequence binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a chloroplast targeting sequence, a specific peptide sequence that acts as a signal to localize the protein within the chloroplast.
30942 endoplasmic reticulum signal peptide binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an endoplasmic reticulum signal peptide, a specific peptide sequence that acts as a signal to localize the protein within the endoplasmic reticulum.
30943 mitochondrion targeting sequence binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a mitochondrion targeting sequence, a specific peptide sequence that acts as a signal to localize the protein within the mitochondrion.
30944 DDEL sequence binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a KDEL sequence, the C terminus tetrapeptide sequence Asp-Asp-Glu-Leu found in proteins that are to be retained in the endoplasmic reticulum.
30945 protein tyrosine phosphatase activity, via thiol-phosphate intermediate F The catalysis of phosphate removal from a phosphotyrosine using cysteine as a nucleophile and proceed by means of a thiol-phosphate intermediate.
30946 protein tyrosine phosphatase activity, metal-dependent F Catalysis of the reaction: protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = protein tyrosine + phosphate. This reaction requires metal ions.
30947 regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.
30948 negative regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.
30949 positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.
30950 establishment or maintenance of actin cytoskeleton polarity P Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized actin-based cytoskeletal structures.
30951 establishment or maintenance of microtubule cytoskeleton polarity P Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized microtubule-based cytoskeletal structures.
30952 establishment or maintenance of cytoskeleton polarity P Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized cytoskeletal structures.
30953 astral microtubule organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of astral microtubules, any of the spindle microtubules that radiate in all directions from the spindle poles.
30954 astral microtubule nucleation P The 'de novo' formation of an astral microtubule, in which tubulin heterodimers form metastable oligomeric aggregates, some of which go on to support formation of a complete microtubule.
30955 potassium ion binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with potassium (K+) ions.
30956 glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase complex C A protein complex that possesses glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase activity, and therefore creates Gln-tRNA by amidating Glu-tRNA; usually composed of 3 subunits: A, B, and C. Note that the C subunit may not be required in all organisms.
30957 Tat protein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with Tat, a viral transactivating regulatory protein from the human immunodeficiency virus, or the equivalent protein from another virus.
30958 RITS complex C A protein complex required for heterochromatin assembly; contains an Argonaute homolog, a chromodomain protein, and at least one additional protein; named for RNA-induced initiation of transcriptional gene silencing.
30959 peptide cross-linking via 3'-(3'-L-tyrosinyl)-L-tyrosine P The modification of two peptidyl-tyrosines to form a 3'-(3'-L-tyrosinyl)-L-tyrosine protein cross-link.
30960 peptide cross-linking via 3'-(O4'-L-tyrosinyl)-L-tyrosine P The modification of two peptidyl-tyrosines to form a 3'-(O4'-L-tyrosinyl)-L-tyrosine protein cross-link.
30961 peptidyl-arginine hydroxylation P The hydroxylation of peptidyl-arginine to form peptidyl-hydroxyarginine.
30962 peptidyl-arginine dihydroxylation to peptidyl-3,4-dihydroxy-L-arginine P The dihydroxylation of peptidyl-arginine to form peptidyl-3,4-dihydroxy-L-arginine.
30963 peptidyl-lysine dihydroxylation to 4,5-dihydroxy-L-lysine P The dihydroxylation of peptidyl-lysine to peptidyl-4,5-dihydroxy-L-lysine.
30964 NADH dehydrogenase complex C An integral membrane complex that possesses NADH oxidoreductase activity. The complex is one of the components of the electron transport chain. It catalyzes the transfer of a pair of electrons from NADH to a quinone.
30965 plasma membrane electron transport, NADH to quinone P The transfer of electrons from NADH to the quinone pool that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation and results in the generation of a proton gradient, mediated by the enzyme known as NADH-quinone oxidoreductase.
30968 endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the presence of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or other ER-related stress; results in changes in the regulation of transcription and translation.
30969 mRNA splicing via endonucleolytic cleavage and ligation involved in unfolded protein response P The spliceosome-independent cleavage and ligation of the mRNA encoding a UFP-specific transcription factor to remove a single intron, thereby increasing both the translational efficiency of the processed mRNA and the activity of the protein it encodes.
30970 retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol P The directed movement of unfolded or misfolded proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol through the translocon.
30971 receptor tyrosine kinase binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a receptor that possesses protein tyrosine kinase activity.
30973 molybdate ion binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with molybdate (MoO4 2-) ions.
30974 thiamine pyrophosphate transport P The directed movement of thiamine pyrophosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
30975 thiamine binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with thiamine (vitamin B1), a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver.
30976 thiamine pyrophosphate binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with thiamine pyrophosphate, the diphosphoric ester of thiamine. Acts as a coenzyme of several (de)carboxylases, transketolases, and alpha-oxoacid dehydrogenases.
30977 taurine binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with taurine.
30978 alpha-glucan metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
30979 alpha-glucan biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
30980 alpha-glucan catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alpha-glucans.
30981 cortical microtubule cytoskeleton C The portion of the microtubule cytoskeleton that lies just beneath the plasma membrane.
30982 adventurous gliding motility P A process involved in the controlled movement of a bacterial cell powered by the rearward secretion of carbohydrate slime.
30983 mismatched DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded DNA containing one or more mismatches.
30984 kininogen binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a kininogen, any of a group of plasma proteins that are kinin precursors.
30985 high molecular weight kininogen binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a kininogen of high molecular mass.
30986 low molecular weight kininogen binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a kininogen of low molecular mass.
30987 high molecular weight kininogen receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a high molecular weight kininogen receptor.
30988 high molecular weight kininogen receptor complex C A protein complex that acts as a receptor for high molecular weight kininogens. In humans, this receptor includes the CK1 and uPAR proteins.
30989 dynein-driven meiotic oscillatory nuclear movement P Oscillatory movement of the nucleus involved in meiosis I. This oscillatory movement is led by an astral microtubule array emanating from the spindle pole body, and driven by the microtubule motor cytoplasmic dynein.
30990 intraciliary transport particle C A nonmembrane-bound oligomeric protein complex that participates in bidirectional transport of molecules (cargo) along axonemal microtubules.
30991 intraciliary transport particle A C The smaller subcomplex of the intraciliary transport particle; characterized complexes have molecular weights of 710-760 kDa.
30992 intraciliary transport particle B C The larger subcomplex of the intraciliary transport particle; characterized complexes have molecular weights around 550 kDa.
30993 axonemal heterotrimeric kinesin-II complex C A kinesin complex found in eukaryotic axonemes that contains two distinct plus end-directed kinesin motor proteins and at least one accessory subunit, and that functions in the anterograde transport of molecules (cargo) from the basal body to the distal tip of the axoneme.
30994 primary cell septum disassembly P Dissolution of the primary septum during cell separation.
30995 cell septum edging catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the dissolution of the septum edging during cell separation.
30997 regulation of centriole-centriole cohesion P Any process that modulates the extent to which the two centrioles within a centrosome remain tightly paired; may be mediated by the assembly and disassembly of a proteinaceous linker.
30998 linear element C A proteinaceous scaffold associated with S. pombe chromosomes during meiotic prophase. Linear elements have a structure related to but not equivalent to the synaptonemal complex.
30999 linear element assembly P The cell cycle process in which a proteinaceous scaffold, related to the synaptonemal complex, is assembled in association with S. pombe chromosomes during meiotic prophase.
31000 response to caffeine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a caffeine stimulus. Caffeine is an alkaloid found in numerous plant species, where it acts as a natural pesticide that paralyzes and kills certain insects feeding upon them.
31001 response to brefeldin A P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a brefeldin A stimulus.
31002 actin rod C A cellular structure consisting of parallel, hexagonally arranged actin tubules, comprising filamentous actin and associated proteins. Found in the germinating spores of Dictyostelium discoideum.
31003 actin tubule C A cellular structure, approximately 13 nm in diameter, consisting of three actin filaments bundled together.
31004 potassium ion-transporting ATPase complex C Protein complex that carries out the reaction: ATP + H2O + K+(out) = ADP + phosphate + K+(in). It is a high affinity potassium uptake system. The E. coli complex consists of 4 proteins: KdpA is the potassium ion translocase, KdpB is the ATPase, and KdpC and KdpF seem to be involved in assembly and stabilization of the complex.
31005 filamin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a filamin, any member of a family of high molecular mass cytoskeletal proteins that crosslink actin filaments to form networks and stress fibers. Filamins contain an amino-terminal alpha-actinin-like actin binding domain, which is followed by a rod-domain composed of 4 to 24 100-residue repetitive segments including a carboxy-terminal dimerization domain.
31009 plastid ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex C An ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex found in a plastid.
31010 ISWI-type complex C Any nuclear protein complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the imitation switch (ISWI) family. ISWI ATPases are involved in assembling chromatin and in sliding and spacing nucleosomes to regulate transcription of nuclear RNA polymerases I, II, and III and also DNA replication, recombination and repair.
31011 Ino80 complex C A multisubunit protein complex that contains the Ino80p ATPase; exhibits chromatin remodeling activity and 3' to 5' DNA helicase activity.
31012 extracellular matrix C A structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support for cells or tissues.
31013 troponin I binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with troponin I, the inhibitory subunit of the troponin complex.
31014 troponin T binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with troponin T, the tropomyosin-binding subunit of the troponin complex.
31016 pancreas development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pancreas is an endoderm derived structure that produces precursors of digestive enzymes and blood glucose regulating enzymes.
31017 exocrine pancreas development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the exocrine pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The exocrine pancreas produces and store zymogens of digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsinogen and trypsinogen in the acinar cells.
31018 endocrine pancreas development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endocrine pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endocrine pancreas is made up of islet cells that produce insulin, glucagon and somatostatin.
31019 mitochondrial mRNA editing complex C An mRNA editing complex found in the mitochondrion. The best characterized example is that of Trypanosoma brucei, which catalyzes the insertion and deletion of uridylates.
31020 plastid mRNA editing complex C An mRNA editing complex found in a plastid.
31021 interphase microtubule organizing center C A microtubule organizing center found in interphase cells, which organize a longitudinal array of three to five MT bundles from the nuclear envelope during interphase. Each MT bundle is composed of two to seven MTs arranged in an antiparallel configuration, with the dynamic MT plus ends extending toward the cell tips and stable minus ends near the nucleus.
31022 nuclear migration along microfilament P The directed movement of the nucleus along microfilaments within the cell, mediated by motor proteins.
31023 microtubule organizing center organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a microtubule organizing center, a structure from which microtubules grow.
31024 interphase microtubule organizing center assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components, including gamma-tubulin and other proteins, to form an interphase microtubule organizing center.
31025 equatorial microtubule organizing center disassembly P The process in which the equatorial microtubule organizing center is disassembled at the end of mitosis.
31026 glutamate synthase complex C A complex that possesses glutamate synthase activity.
31027 glutamate synthase complex (NADH) C A protein complex that in yeast consists of a large and a small subunit. Possesses glutamate synthase (NADH) activity.
31028 septation initiation signaling P The series of molecular signals, mediated by the small GTPase Ras, that results in the initiation of contraction of the contractile ring, at the beginning of cytokinesis and cell division by septum formation. The pathway coordinates chromosome segregation with mitotic exit and cytokinesis.
31029 regulation of septation initiation signaling P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of septation initiation signaling.
31030 negative regulation of septation initiation signaling P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of septation initiation signaling.
31031 positive regulation of septation initiation signaling P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of septation initiation signaling.
31032 actomyosin structure organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures containing both actin and myosin or paramyosin. The myosin may be organized into filaments.
31033 myosin filament organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a filament composed of myosin molecules.
31034 myosin filament assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a filament composed of myosin molecules.
31035 myosin filament disassembly P The disassembly of a filament composed of myosin molecules.
31036 myosin II filament assembly P The formation of a bipolar filament composed of myosin II molecules.
31037 myosin II filament disassembly P The disassembly of a bipolar filament composed of myosin II molecules.
31038 myosin II filament organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a bipolar filament composed of myosin II molecules.
31039 macronucleus C A membrane-bounded organelle of ciliated protozoan cells that contains polyploid copies of a portion of the cell's complete genome. Transcription of genes occurs in macronuclei. Some ciliate species may contain multiple macronuclei per cell.
31040 micronucleus C A membrane-bounded organelle of ciliated protozoan cells that contains a diploid copy of the cell's complete genome. Sections of contiguous sequence in the macronucleus are often interrupted by internal eliminated sequences (IES), and may be permuted, in micronuclei. Genic transcription is not found in micronuclei. Some ciliate species may contain multiple micronuclei per cell.
31041 O-glycan processing, core 5 P The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form the core 5 O-glycan structure, GalNAc-alpha-(1->3)-GalNAc.
31042 O-glycan processing, core 6 P The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form the core 6 O-glycan structure, GlcNAc-beta-(1->6)-GalNAc.
31043 O-glycan processing, core 7 P The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form the core 7 O-glycan structure, GalNAc-alpha-(1->6)-GalNAc.
31044 O-glycan processing, core 8 P The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form the core 8 O-glycan structure, Gal-alpha-(1->3)-GalNAc.
31045 dense core granule C Electron-dense organelle with a granular internal matrix; contains proteins destined to be secreted.
31047 gene silencing by RNA P Any process in which RNA molecules inactivate expression of target genes.
31048 chromatin silencing by small RNA P Repression of transcription by conversion of large regions of DNA into heterochromatin, directed by small RNAs sharing sequence identity to the repressed region.
31049 programmed DNA elimination P The DNA metabolic process in which micronuclear-limited sequences, internal eliminated sequences (IES) and breakage eliminated sequences (BES) are removed from the developing macronucleus (anlage) of a ciliate.
31050 dsRNA fragmentation P Cleavage of double-stranded RNA molecules by an RNaseIII-family enzyme to produce small RNAs (generally 20-30 nucleotides, depending on species) with biological function.
31051 scnRNA production P Cleavage of noncoding, double-stranded RNAs transcribed from the micronuclear genome to produce scnRNAs, small RNAs (~28 nucleotides) that direct the deletion of micronuclear-limited sequences from the developing macronuclear genome.
31052 chromosome breakage P Regulated cleavage of the developing macronuclear genome at a limited number of chromosome breakage sites (CBS). The macronuclear destined segment (MDS) sequence adjacent to the CBS (or separated from it by a BES) receives a macronuclear telomere following chromosome breakage.
31053 primary miRNA processing P Any process involved in the conversion of a primary microRNA transcript into a pre-microRNA molecule.
31054 pre-miRNA processing P Any process involved in the conversion of a pre-microRNA transcript into a mature microRNA molecule.
31055 chromatin remodeling at centromere P Dynamic structural changes in centromeric DNA.
31056 regulation of histone modification P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent alteration of a histone.
31057 negative regulation of histone modification P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent alteration of a histone.
31058 positive regulation of histone modification P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent alteration of a histone.
31059 histone deacetylation at centromere P The removal of acetyl groups from histones in centromeric DNA.
31060 regulation of histone methylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of methyl groups to histones.
31061 negative regulation of histone methylation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of methyl groups to histones.
31062 positive regulation of histone methylation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of methyl groups to histones.
31063 regulation of histone deacetylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the removal of acetyl groups from histones.
31064 negative regulation of histone deacetylation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the removal of acetyl groups from histones.
31065 positive regulation of histone deacetylation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the removal of acetyl groups from histones.
31066 regulation of histone deacetylation at centromere P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the removal of acetyl groups from histones in centromeric DNA.
31067 negative regulation of histone deacetylation at centromere P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the removal of acetyl groups to histones in centromeric DNA.
31068 positive regulation of histone deacetylation at centromere P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the removal of acetyl groups from histones in centromeric DNA.
31069 hair follicle morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the hair follicle are generated and organized.
31070 intronic snoRNA processing P The biogenesis of a snoRNA molecule which resides within, and is processed from, the intron of a pre-mRNA.
31071 cysteine desulfurase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + [enzyme]-cysteine = L-alanine + [enzyme]-S-sulfanylcysteine.
31072 heat shock protein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a heat shock protein, any protein synthesized or activated in response to heat shock.
31073 cholesterol 26-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the hydroxylation of cholesterol at position 26 of the side chain, to produce 26-hydroxycholesterol.
31074 nucleocytoplasmic shuttling complex C Any complex that acts to move proteins or RNAs into or out of the nucleus through nuclear pores.
31076 embryonic camera-type eye development P The process occurring during the embryonic phase whose specific outcome is the progression of the eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
31077 post-embryonic camera-type eye development P The process occurring during the post-embryonic phase whose specific outcome is the progression of the camera-type eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
31078 histone deacetylase activity (H3-K14 specific) F Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 14) + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine (position 14) + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 14 of the histone H3 protein.
31080 nuclear pore outer ring C A subcomplex of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) that forms the outer rings of the core scaffold, a lattice-like structure that gives the NPC its shape and strength. In S. cerevisiae, the two outer rings each contain multiple copies of the following proteins: Nup133p, Nup120p, Nup145Cp, Nup85p, Nup84p, Seh1p, and Sec13p. In vertebrates, the two outer rings each contain multiple copies of the following proteins: Nup133, Nup160, Nup96, Nup75, Nup107, Seh1, Sec13, Nup43, Nup37, and ALADIN. Components are arranged in 8-fold symmetrical 'spokes' around the central transport channel. A single 'spoke', can be isolated and is sometimes referred to as the Nup84 complex (S. cerevisiae) or the Nup107-160 complex (vertebrates).
31081 nuclear pore distribution P Any process that establishes the spatial arrangement of nuclear pores within the nuclear envelope.
31082 BLOC complex C Any of several protein complexes required for the biogenesis of specialized organelles of the endosomal-lysosomal system, such as melanosomes, platelet dense granules, and other related organelles; acronym for biogenesis of lysosomal-related organelles complex.
31083 BLOC-1 complex C A protein complex required for the biogenesis of specialized organelles of the endosomal-lysosomal system, such as melanosomes and platelet dense granules. Many of the protein subunits are conserved between mouse and human; the mouse complex contains the Pallidin, Muted, Cappuccino, Dysbindin, Snapin, BLOS1, BLOS2, AND BLOS3 proteins.
31084 BLOC-2 complex C A protein complex required for the biogenesis of specialized organelles of the endosomal-lysosomal system, such as melanosomes and platelet dense granules. The human complex contains the Hps3, Hps5, and Hps6 proteins; the mouse complex contains ru2 and ru.
31085 BLOC-3 complex C A protein complex required for the biogenesis of specialized organelles of the endosomal-lysosomal system, such as melanosomes and platelet dense granules. The human complex contains the Hps1 and Hps4 proteins.
31086 nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-independent decay P A pathway of degradation of nuclear-transcribed mRNAs that proceeds through a series of steps that is independent of deadenylation, but requires decapping followed by transcript decay, and that can regulate mRNA stability.
31087 deadenylation-independent decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA P Cleavage of the 5'-cap of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that is independent of poly(A) tail shortening.
31088 platelet dense granule membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding the platelet dense granule.
31089 platelet dense granule lumen C The volume enclosed by the membrane of the platelet dense granule.
31090 organelle membrane C A membrane that is one of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope or the outermost membrane of single membrane bound organelle.
31091 platelet alpha granule C A secretory organelle found in blood platelets, which is unique in that it exhibits further compartmentalization and acquires its protein content via two distinct mechanisms: (1) biosynthesis predominantly at the megakaryocyte (MK) level (with some vestigial platelet synthesis) (e.g. platelet factor 4) and (2) endocytosis and pinocytosis at both the MK and circulating platelet levels (e.g. fibrinogen (Fg) and IgG).
31092 platelet alpha granule membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding the platelet alpha granule.
31093 platelet alpha granule lumen C The volume enclosed by the membrane of the platelet alpha granule.
31094 platelet dense tubular network C A network of membrane-bounded compartments found in blood platelets, where they regulate platelet activation by sequestering or releasing calcium. The dense tubular network exists as thin elongated membranes in resting platelets, and undergoes a major ultrastructural change, to a rounded vesicular form, upon addition of thrombin.
31095 platelet dense tubular network membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding the platelet dense tubular network.
31096 platelet dense tubular network lumen C The volume enclosed by the membranes of the platelet dense tubular network.
31097 medial cortex C A medial cortical band overlaying the nucleus which acts as a landmark for contractile ring positioning and plays a role in cell cycle regulation.
31098 stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade P A series of molecular signals in which a stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) cascade relays one or more of the signals.
31099 regeneration P The regrowth of a lost or destroyed body part, such as an organ or tissue. This process may occur via renewal, repair, and/or growth alone (i.e. increase in size or mass).
31100 animal organ regeneration P The regrowth of a lost or destroyed animal organ.
31101 fin regeneration P The regrowth of fin tissue following its loss or destruction.
31102 neuron projection regeneration P The regrowth of neuronal processes such as axons or dendrites in response to their loss or damage.
31103 axon regeneration P The regrowth of axons following their loss or damage.
31104 dendrite regeneration P The regrowth of dendrites in response to their loss or damage.
31105 septin complex C A protein complex containing septins. Typically, these complexes contain multiple septins and are oligomeric.
31106 septin ring organization P Control of the formation, spatial distribution, and breakdown of the septin ring.
31107 septin ring disassembly P The controlled breakdown of a septin ring.
31108 holo-[acyl-carrier-protein] biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of holo-[acyl-carrier protein].
31109 microtubule polymerization or depolymerization P Assembly or disassembly of microtubules by the addition or removal of tubulin heterodimers from a microtubule.
31110 regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization by the addition or removal of tubulin heterodimers from a microtubule.
31111 negative regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization.
31112 positive regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization.
31113 regulation of microtubule polymerization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization.
31114 regulation of microtubule depolymerization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule depolymerization.
31115 negative regulation of microtubule polymerization P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization.
31116 positive regulation of microtubule polymerization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization.
31117 positive regulation of microtubule depolymerization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule depolymerization.
31118 rRNA pseudouridine synthesis P The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in an rRNA molecule.
31119 tRNA pseudouridine synthesis P The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in a tRNA molecule.
31120 snRNA pseudouridine synthesis P The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in an snRNA molecule.
31121 equatorial microtubule organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins at the midpoint of a cell.
31122 cytoplasmic microtubule organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins in the cytoplasm of a cell.
31123 RNA 3'-end processing P Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an RNA molecule.
31124 mRNA 3'-end processing P Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an mRNA molecule.
31125 rRNA 3'-end processing P Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an rRNA molecule.
31126 snoRNA 3'-end processing P Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a snoRNA molecule.
31127 alpha-(1,2)-fucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of an L-fucosyl group from GDP-beta-L-fucose to an acceptor molecule to form an alpha-(1->2) linkage.
31128 developmental induction P A developmental process involving two tissues in which one tissue (the inducer) produces a signal that directs cell fate commitment of cells in the second tissue (the responder).
31129 inductive cell-cell signaling P Signaling at short range between cells of different ancestry and developmental potential that results in one cell or group of cells effecting a developmental change in the other. This is often done by secretion of proteins by one cell which affects the neighboring cells and causes them to adopt a certain fate.
31130 creation of an inductive signal P The process in which one cell or group of cells sends a signal over a short range to another cell or group of cells of different ancestry and developmental potential, thereby effecting a developmental change in the latter.
31131 reception of an inductive signal P The process in which one cell or group of cells receives, transduces, and responds to a signal generated by another cell or group of cells of different ancestry and developmental potential, such that the recipient cell(s) undergo a developmental change.
31132 serine 3-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + NADP(+) = L-alpha-formylglycine + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
31133 regulation of axon diameter P Any process that modulates the rate, direction or extent of axon growth such that the correct diameter is attained and maintained.
31134 sister chromatid biorientation P The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids establish stable attachments to microtubules emanating from opposite spindle poles.
31135 negative regulation of conjugation P Any process that decreases the rate of conjugation.
31136 positive regulation of conjugation P Any process that increases the rate or frequency of conjugation.
31137 regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion P Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of conjugation with cellular fusion.
31138 negative regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion P Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of conjugation with cellular fusion.
31139 positive regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion P Any process that increases the rate or frequency of conjugation with cellular fusion.
31140 induction of conjugation upon nutrient starvation P The process in which a cell initiates conjugation with cellular fusion upon starvation for one or more nutrients.
31141 induction of conjugation upon carbon starvation P The process in which a cell initiates conjugation with cellular fusion upon carbon starvation.
31142 induction of conjugation upon nitrogen starvation P The process in which a cell initiates conjugation with cellular fusion upon nitrogen starvation.
31143 pseudopodium C A temporary protrusion or retractile process of a cell, associated with flowing movements of the protoplasm, and serving for locomotion and feeding.
31144 proteasome localization P Any process in which the proteasome is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
31145 anaphase-promoting complex-dependent catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, with ubiquitin-protein ligation catalyzed by the anaphase-promoting complex, and mediated by the proteasome.
31146 SCF-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, with ubiquitin-protein ligation catalyzed by an SCF (Skp1/Cul1/F-box protein) complex, and mediated by the proteasome.
31147 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one, also known as DIF-1, differentiation-inducing factor-1. DIF-1 is a secreted chlorinated molecule that controls cell fate during development of Dictyostelium cells.
31148 DIF-1 biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one, also known as DIF-1, differentiation-inducing factor-1. DIF-1 is a secreted chlorinated molecule that controls cell fate during development of Dictyostelium cells.
31149 sorocarp stalk cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a sorocarp stalk cell, any of the cellulose-covered cells that form the stalk of a sorocarp. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum.
31150 sorocarp stalk development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sorocarp stalk over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sorocarp stalk is a tubular structure that consists of cellulose-covered cells stacked on top of each other and surrounded by an acellular stalk tube composed of cellulose and glycoprotein. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum.
31151 histone methyltransferase activity (H3-K79 specific) F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H3 L-lysine (position 79) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H3 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 79). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group onto lysine at position 79 of the histone H3 protein.
31152 aggregation involved in sorocarp development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the aggregate over time, from its formation to the point when a slug is formed. Aggregate development begins in response to starvation and continues by the chemoattractant-mediated movement of cells toward each other. The aggregate is a multicellular structure that gives rise to the slug.
31153 slug development involved in sorocarp development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the slug over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Slug development begins when the aggregate rises upwards to form a finger-shaped structure and ends when culmination begins. Slug development begins after aggregation and ends before culmination in sorocarp development.
31154 culmination involved in sorocarp development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the culminant over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Culmination begins with a morphogenetic change of the finger-like or migratory slug giving rise to an organized structure containing a stalk and a sorus. This process is the final stage of sorocarp development.
31155 regulation of reproductive fruiting body development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive fruiting body development.
31156 regulation of sorocarp development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sorocarp development. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum.
31157 regulation of aggregate size involved in sorocarp development P Any process that modulates the size of the aggregate formed during sorocarp formation.
31158 negative regulation of aggregate size involved in sorocarp development P Any process that decreases the size of the aggregate formed during sorocarp formation.
31159 positive regulation of aggregate size involved in sorocarp development P Any process that increases the size of the aggregate formed during sorocarp formation.
31160 spore wall C The specialized envelope lying outside the cell membrane of a spore.
31161 phosphatidylinositol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylinositol, any glycophospholipid with its sn-glycerol 3-phosphate residue is esterified to the 1-hydroxyl group of 1D-myo-inositol.
31162 sulfur incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster P The incorporation of exogenous sulfur into a metallo-sulfur cluster.
31163 metallo-sulfur cluster assembly P The incorporation of a metal and exogenous sulfur into a metallo-sulfur cluster.
31164 contractile vacuolar membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding the contractile vacuole.
31165 integral component of contractile vacuolar membrane C The component of the contractile vacuolar membrane consisting of gene products that have some part that penetrates at least one leaflet of the membrane bilayer. This component includes gene products that are buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.
31166 integral component of vacuolar membrane C The component of the vacuolar membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that have some part that penetrates at least one leaflet of the membrane bilayer. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.
31167 rRNA methylation P The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to specific residues in an rRNA molecule.
31168 ferrichrome metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ferrichrome. Ferrichromes are any of a group of growth-promoting Fe(III) chelates formed by various genera of microfungi. They are homodetic cyclic hexapeptides made up of a tripeptide of glycine (or other small neutral amino acids) and a tripeptide of an N'acyl-N4-hydroxy-L-ornithine.
31169 ferrichrome biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ferrichrome. Ferrichromes are any of a group of growth-promoting Fe(III) chelates formed by various genera of microfungi. They are homodetic cyclic hexapeptides made up of a tripeptide of glycine (or other small neutral amino acids) and a tripeptide of an N'acyl-N4-hydroxy-L-ornithine.
31170 ferricrocin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving ferricrocin, a cyclic hexapeptide siderophore with the structure Gly-Ser-Gly-(N5-acetyl-N5-hydroxyornithine)3.
31171 ferricrocin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ferricrocin, a cyclic hexapeptide siderophore with the structure Gly-Ser-Gly-(N5-acetyl-N5-hydroxyornithine)3.
31172 ornithine N5-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-ornithine + O2 + H+ = N5-hydroxy-L-ornithine + H2O.
31173 otolith mineralization completed early in development P The formation of otoliths during embryogenesis with completion in early postembryonic development. Formation occurs by precipitation of specific crystal forms of calcium carbonate around an organic core of extracellular matrix proteins. Otoconia (otoliths) are small (~10 micron) dense extracellular particles present in the otolith end organs of the vertebrate inner ear.
31174 lifelong otolith mineralization P The formation and growth of otoliths throughout the life of the organism. Otoliths are the large extracellular ear-stones of the fish inner ear, produced by precipitation of specific crystal forms of calcium carbonate on organic matrices. The otolith enlarges throughout the life of the fish, as layers of calcium carbonate are added.
31175 neuron projection development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites).
31176 endo-1,4-beta-xylanase activity F Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-xylosidic linkages in xylans.
31177 phosphopantetheine binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphopantetheine, the vitamin pantetheine 4'-(dihydrogen phosphate).
31179 peptide modification P The covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a peptide, resulting in a change in the properties of that peptide.
31201 SNARE complex C A protein complex involved in membrane fusion; a stable ternary complex consisting of a four-helix bundle, usually formed from one R-SNARE and three Q-SNAREs with an ionic layer sandwiched between hydrophobic layers. One well-characterized example is the neuronal SNARE complex formed of synaptobrevin 2, syntaxin 1a, and SNAP-25.
31203 posttranslational protein targeting to membrane, docking P The process in which the signal sequence of a translated protein binds to and forms a complex with the Sec complex.
31204 posttranslational protein targeting to membrane, translocation P The process in which a protein translocates through the ER membrane posttranslationally.
31205 endoplasmic reticulum Sec complex C An endoplasmic reticulum membrane-associated complex involved in the translocation of proteins that are targeted to the ER. In yeast, this complex consists of two subcomplexes, namely, the Sec61 complex and the Sec62/Sec63 complex.
31207 Sec62/Sec63 complex C A protein complex involved in the posttranslational targeting of proteins to the ER. In yeast, it is a tetrameric complex consisting of Sec62p, Sec63p, Sec71p and Sec72p.
31208 POZ domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a POZ (poxvirus and zinc finger) domain of a protein, a protein-protein interaction domain found in many transcription factors.
31209 SCAR complex C A pentameric complex that includes orthologues of human PIR121, Nap1, Abi, SCAR, and HSPC300 and regulates actin polymerization and/or depolymerization through small GTPase mediated signal transduction.
31210 phosphatidylcholine binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidylcholine, a class of glycophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline.
31211 endoplasmic reticulum palmitoyltransferase complex C A complex of the endoplasmic reticulum that catalyzes S-palmitoylation, the addition of palmitate (C16:0) or other long-chain fatty acids to proteins at a cysteine residue.
31213 RSF complex C An ISWI complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the ISWI family (SNF2H in mammals) and an RSF1 homolog. It mediates nucleosome deposition and generates regularly spaced nucleosome arrays. In mammals, RSF is involved in regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoters).
31214 biomineral tissue development P Formation of hard tissues that consist mainly of inorganic compounds, and also contain a small amounts of organic matrices that are believed to play important roles in their formation.
31215 shell calcification P The precipitation of calcium carbonate onto the organic matrix of a shell, such as a mollusc shell.
31216 neopullulanase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of pullulan to panose (6-alpha-D-glucosylmaltose).
31217 glucan 1,4-beta-glucosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4) linkages in (1->4)-beta-D-glucans, to remove successive glucose units.
31218 arabinogalactan endo-1,4-beta-galactosidase activity F Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-galactosidic linkages in arabinogalactans.
31219 levanase activity F Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of 2,6-beta-D-fructofuranosidic linkages in 2,6-beta-D-fructans (levans) containing more than 3 fructose units.
31220 maltodextrin phosphorylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: maltodextrin = glucose-1-phosphate.
31221 arabinan metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving arabinan, a polysaccharide composed of arabinose residues.
31222 arabinan catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arabinan, a polysaccharide composed of arabinose residues.
31223 auditory behavior P The behavior of an organism in response to a sound.
31224 intrinsic component of membrane C The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products having some covalently attached portion, for example part of a peptide sequence or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor, which spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane.
31225 anchored component of membrane C The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products that are tethered to the membrane only by a covalently attached anchor, such as a lipid group that is embedded in the membrane. Gene products with peptide sequences that are embedded in the membrane are excluded from this grouping.
31226 intrinsic component of plasma membrane C The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
31227 intrinsic component of endoplasmic reticulum membrane C The component of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
31228 intrinsic component of Golgi membrane C The component of the Golgi membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
31229 intrinsic component of nuclear inner membrane C The component of the nuclear inner membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
31230 intrinsic component of cell outer membrane C The component of the cell outer membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
31231 intrinsic component of peroxisomal membrane C The component of the peroxisomal membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
31232 extrinsic component of external side of plasma membrane C The component of a plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to its external surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
31233 intrinsic component of external side of plasma membrane C The component of a plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that penetrate the external side of the plasma membrane only, either directly or via some covalently attached hydrophobic anchor.
31234 extrinsic component of cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane C The component of a plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to its cytoplasmic surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
31235 intrinsic component of the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane C The component of a plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that have some covalently attached part (e.g. peptide sequence or GPI anchor) which is embedded in the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane only.
31236 extrinsic component of periplasmic side of plasma membrane C The component of a plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to its periplasmic surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
31237 intrinsic component of periplasmic side of plasma membrane C The component of a plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that penetrate the periplasmic side of the plasma membrane only, either directly or via some covalently attached hydrophobic anchor.
31240 external side of cell outer membrane C The side of the outer membrane that is opposite to the side that faces the periplasm of the cell.
31241 periplasmic side of cell outer membrane C The side (leaflet) of the outer membrane that faces the periplasm of the cell.
31242 extrinsic component of external side of cell outer membrane C The component of a cell outer membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to its external surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
31243 intrinsic component of external side of cell outer membrane C The component of the cell outer membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes that penetrate the external side of the cell outer membrane only, either directly or via some covalently attached hydrophobic anchor.
31244 extrinsic component of cell outer membrane C The component of the cell outer membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
31245 extrinsic component of periplasmic side of cell outer membrane C The component of the cell outer membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to periplasmic surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
31246 intrinsic component of periplasmic side of cell outer membrane C The component of the cell outer membrane consisting of the gene products that that penetrate the periplasmic side of the cell outer membrane only, either directly or via some covalently attached hydrophobic anchor.
31247 actin rod assembly P The assembly of actin rods, a cellular structure consisting of parallel, hexagonally arranged actin tubules.
31248 protein acetyltransferase complex C A complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to a protein acceptor molecule.
31249 denatured protein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with denatured proteins.
31250 anaerobic ribonucleoside-triphosphate reductase complex C An enzyme complex composed of 4 subunits, 2 copies of the large protein (nrdD in E. coli) and 2 copies of the small protein (nrdG in E. coli). It catalyzes the generation of 2'deoxyribonucleotides under anaerobic growth conditions. The larger subunit is the catalytic unit that is activated by the smaller iron-binding subunit.
31251 PAN complex C A complex that possesses poly(A)-specific ribonuclease activity; catalyzes the message-specific shortening of mRNA poly(A) tails. Contains at least two subunits, known as Pan2p and Pan3p in Saccharomyces.
31252 cell leading edge C The area of a motile cell closest to the direction of movement.
31253 cell projection membrane C The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a cell surface projection.
31254 cell trailing edge C The area of a motile cell opposite to the direction of movement.
31255 lateral part of motile cell C The area of a motile cell perpendicular to the direction of movement.
31256 leading edge membrane C The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding the leading edge of a motile cell.
31257 cell trailing edge membrane C The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding the trailing edge of a motile cell.
31258 lamellipodium membrane C The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a lamellipodium.
31259 uropod membrane C The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a uropod.
31260 pseudopodium membrane C The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a pseudopodium.
31261 DNA replication preinitiation complex C A protein-DNA complex assembled at eukaryotic DNA replication origins immediately prior to the initiation of DNA replication. The preinitiation complex is formed by the assembly of additional proteins onto an existing prereplicative complex. In budding yeast, the additional proteins include Cdc45p, Sld2p, Sld3p, Dpb11p, DNA polymerases, and others; in fission yeast the GINS complex is present.
31262 Ndc80 complex C A protein complex conserved among eukaryotes that forms part of the kinetochore and plays an essential role in forming stable kinetochore-microtubule attachments. The complex contains proteins known in several species, including budding and fission yeasts, as Ndc80p, Nuf2p, Spc24p, and Spc25p. In vertebrates it is part of the outer plate of the kinetochore.
31263 amine-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + amine(out) = ADP + phosphate + amine(in).
31264 death-inducing signaling complex C A protein complex formed by the association of signaling proteins with a death receptor upon ligand binding. The complex includes procaspases and death domain-containing proteins in addition to the ligand-bound receptor, and may control the activation of caspases 8 and 10.
31265 CD95 death-inducing signaling complex C A protein complex formed upon binding of Fas/CD95/APO-1 to its ligand. The complex includes FADD/Mort1, procaspase-8/10 and c-FLIP in addition to the ligand-bound receptor.
31266 TRAIL death-inducing signaling complex C A protein complex formed upon binding of TRAIL to its ligand. The complex includes FADD/Mort1 and procaspase-8 addition to the ligand-bound receptor.
31267 small GTPase binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a small monomeric GTPase.
31268 pseudopodium organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a pseudopodium, a temporary protrusion or retractile process of a cell, associated with cellular movement.
31269 pseudopodium assembly P The assembly of a pseudopodium by rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton and overlying membrane.
31270 pseudopodium retraction P The myosin-based contraction and retraction of the pseudopodium.
31271 lateral pseudopodium assembly P The extension of a pseudopodium from the lateral area of a cell.
31272 regulation of pseudopodium assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of pseudopodia.
31273 negative regulation of pseudopodium assembly P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of pseudopodia.
31274 positive regulation of pseudopodium assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of pseudopodia.
31275 regulation of lateral pseudopodium assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of pseudopodia from the lateral side of the cell.
31276 negative regulation of lateral pseudopodium assembly P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of pseudopodia from the lateral side of the cell.
31277 positive regulation of lateral pseudopodium assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of pseudopodia from the lateral side of the cell.
31278 alpha-1,2-galactosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a galactose residue from a donor molecule, such as GDP-galactose or UDP-galactose, to an oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-1,2-linkage.
31279 regulation of cyclase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cyclase activity.
31280 negative regulation of cyclase activity P Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a cyclase.
31281 positive regulation of cyclase activity P Any process that activates or increases the activity of a cyclase.
31282 regulation of guanylate cyclase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of guanylate cyclase activity.
31283 negative regulation of guanylate cyclase activity P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of guanylate cyclase activity.
31284 positive regulation of guanylate cyclase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of guanylate cyclase activity.
31285 regulation of sorocarp stalk cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sorocarp stalk cell differentiation. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum.
31286 negative regulation of sorocarp stalk cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sorocarp stalk cell differentiation. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum.
31287 positive regulation of sorocarp stalk cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sorocarp stalk cell differentiation. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum.
31288 sorocarp morphogenesis P The process in which the sorocarp is generated and organized. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum.
31289 actin phosphorylation P The transfer of one or more phosphate groups to an actin molecule.
31290 retinal ganglion cell axon guidance P The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a retinal ganglion cell (RGC) is directed to its target in the brain in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
31291 Ran protein signal transduction P A series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Ran family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state.
31292 gene conversion at mating-type locus, DNA double-strand break processing P The 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break at the mating-type locus to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang.
31293 membrane protein intracellular domain proteolysis P The proteolytic cleavage of a transmembrane protein leading to the release of an intracellular domain.
31294 lymphocyte costimulation P The process of providing, via surface-bound receptor-ligand pairs, a second, antigen-independent, signal in addition to that provided by the B- or T cell receptor to augment B- or T cell activation.
31295 T cell costimulation P The process of providing, via surface-bound receptor-ligand pairs, a second, antigen-independent, signal in addition to that provided by the T cell receptor to augment T cell activation.
31296 B cell costimulation P The process of providing, via surface-bound receptor-ligand pairs, a second, antigen-independent, signal in addition to that provided by the B cell receptor to augment B cell activation.
31297 replication fork processing P The process in which a DNA replication fork that has stalled is restored to a functional state and replication is restarted. The stalling may be due to DNA damage, DNA secondary structure, bound proteins, dNTP shortage, or other causes.
31298 replication fork protection complex C A protein complex conserved in eukaryotes and associated with the replication fork; the complex stabilizes stalled replication forks and is thought to be involved in coordinating leading- and lagging-strand synthesis and in replication checkpoint signaling.
31299 taurine-pyruvate aminotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + taurine = L-alanine + sulfoacetaldehyde.
31300 intrinsic component of organelle membrane C The component of the organelle membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
31301 integral component of organelle membrane C The component of the organelle membrane consisting of the gene products having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
31302 intrinsic component of endosome membrane C The component of the endosome membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
31303 integral component of endosome membrane C The component of the endosome membrane consisting of the gene products having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
31304 intrinsic component of mitochondrial inner membrane C The component of the mitochondrial inner membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
31305 integral component of mitochondrial inner membrane C The component of the mitochondrial inner membrane consisting of the gene products having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
31306 intrinsic component of mitochondrial outer membrane C The component of the mitochondrial outer membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
31307 integral component of mitochondrial outer membrane C The component of the mitochondrial outer membrane consisting of the gene products having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
31308 intrinsic component of nuclear outer membrane C The component of the nuclear outer membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
31309 integral component of nuclear outer membrane C The component of the nuclear outer membrane consisting of the gene products having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
31310 intrinsic component of vacuolar membrane C The component of the vacuolar membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
31311 intrinsic component of contractile vacuolar membrane C The component of the contractile vacuolar membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
31312 extrinsic component of organelle membrane C The component of an organelle membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
31313 extrinsic component of endosome membrane C The component of an endosome membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
31314 extrinsic component of mitochondrial inner membrane C The component of mitochondrial inner membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
31315 extrinsic component of mitochondrial outer membrane C The component of a mitochondrial outer membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
31316 extrinsic component of nuclear outer membrane C The component of a nuclear outer membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
31317 tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic transporter complex C A complex consisting of two membrane proteins and one extracytoplasmic solute receptor. Such transporters transport a variety of substrates without direct ATP power, instead using energy from ion gradients.
31318 detection of folic acid P The series of events in which a folic acid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
31319 detection of cAMP P The series of events in which a cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal; cAMP is the nucleotide cyclic AMP.
31320 hexitol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: hexitol + acceptor = hexose + reduced acceptor.
31321 ascospore-type prospore assembly P During ascospore formation, the process in which each haploid nucleus becomes encapsulated by a double membrane.
31322 ascospore-type prospore-specific spindle pole body remodeling P A spindle pole body (SPB) organization process that takes place during the second meiotic division during ascospore formation and results in the structural reorganization of the SPB; includes the recruitment of sporulation-specific proteins to the outer plaque to form the meiotic outer plaque (MOP).
31323 regulation of cellular metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.
31324 negative regulation of cellular metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.
31325 positive regulation of cellular metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.
31326 regulation of cellular biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells.
31327 negative regulation of cellular biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells.
31328 positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells.
31329 regulation of cellular catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells.
31330 negative regulation of cellular catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells.
31331 positive regulation of cellular catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells.
31332 RNAi effector complex C Any protein complex that mediates the effects of small interfering RNAs on gene expression. Most known examples contain one or more members of the Argonaute family of proteins.
31333 negative regulation of protein complex assembly P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly.
31334 positive regulation of protein complex assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly.
31335 regulation of sulfur amino acid metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfur amino acids.
31336 negative regulation of sulfur amino acid metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfur amino acids.
31337 positive regulation of sulfur amino acid metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfur amino acids.
31338 regulation of vesicle fusion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle fusion.
31339 negative regulation of vesicle fusion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle fusion.
31340 positive regulation of vesicle fusion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle fusion.
31341 regulation of cell killing P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell killing, the process in which a cell brings about the death of another cell, either in the same or a different organism.
31342 negative regulation of cell killing P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell killing.
31343 positive regulation of cell killing P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell killing.
31344 regulation of cell projection organization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections.
31345 negative regulation of cell projection organization P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections.
31346 positive regulation of cell projection organization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections.
31347 regulation of defense response P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a defense response.
31348 negative regulation of defense response P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a defense response.
31349 positive regulation of defense response P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a defense response.
31350 intrinsic component of plastid membrane C The component of the plastid membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
31351 integral component of plastid membrane C The component of the plastid membrane consisting of the gene products having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
31352 intrinsic component of plastid inner membrane C The component of the plastid inner membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
31353 integral component of plastid inner membrane C The component of the plastid inner membrane consisting of the gene products having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
31354 intrinsic component of plastid outer membrane C The component of the plastid outer membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
31355 integral component of plastid outer membrane C The component of the plastid outer membrane consisting of the gene products having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
31356 intrinsic component of chloroplast inner membrane C The component of the chloroplast inner membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
31357 integral component of chloroplast inner membrane C The component of the chloroplast inner membrane consisting of the gene products having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
31358 intrinsic component of chloroplast outer membrane C The component of the chloroplast outer membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
31359 integral component of chloroplast outer membrane C The component of the chloroplast outer membrane consisting of the gene products having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
31360 intrinsic component of thylakoid membrane C The component of the thylakoid membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
31361 integral component of thylakoid membrane C The component of the thylakoid membrane consisting of the gene products having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
31362 anchored component of external side of plasma membrane C The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products that are tethered to the external side of the membrane only by a covalently attached anchor, such as a lipid group embedded in the membrane. Gene products with peptide sequences that are embedded in the membrane are excluded from this grouping.
31363 N-terminal protein amino acid deamination P The removal of an amino group from the N-terminal amino acid residue of a protein.
31364 N-terminal protein amino acid deamination, from side chain P The removal of an amino group from the side chain of an N-terminal asparagine or glutamine residue of a protein.
31365 N-terminal protein amino acid modification P The alteration of the N-terminal amino acid residue in a protein.
31366 N-terminal peptidyl-asparagine deamination P The removal of an amino group from the side chain of an N-terminal asparagine residue of a protein.
31367 N-terminal peptidyl-glutamine deamination P The removal of an amino group from the side chain of an N-terminal glutamine residue of a protein.
31369 translation initiation factor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a translation initiation factor, any polypeptide factor involved in the initiation of ribosome-mediated translation.
31370 eukaryotic initiation factor 4G binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with eukaryotic initiation factor 4G, a polypeptide factor involved in the initiation of ribosome-mediated translation.
31371 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme complex C Any complex that possesses ubiquitin conjugating enzyme activity.
31372 UBC13-MMS2 complex C A heterodimeric ubiquitin conjugating enzyme complex that catalyzes assembly of K63-linked polyubiquitin chains, which act as a signal to promote error-free DNA postreplication repair; in Saccharomyces the complex comprises Ubc13p and Mms2p.
31379 RNA-directed RNA polymerase complex C A protein complex that possesses RNA-directed RNA polymerase activity.
31380 nuclear RNA-directed RNA polymerase complex C A complex required for RNAi mediated heterochromatin assembly. In S. pombe this contains RNA-directed RNA polymerase, a putative helicase and a protein containing a pap25 associated domain.
31381 viral RNA-directed RNA polymerase complex C A virus-specific protein complex that possesses RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity and replicates the genome of an RNA virus.
31382 mating projection assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a cell projection in response to mating pheromone. This process is observed in unicellular fungi.
31383 regulation of mating projection assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mating projection formation by unicellular fungi.
31384 regulation of initiation of mating projection growth P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the start of mating projection formation by unicellular fungi.
31385 regulation of termination of mating projection growth P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the end of mating projection formation by unicellular fungi.
31386 protein tag F A molecular function exhibited by a protein that is covalently attached (AKA tagged or conjugated) to another protein where it acts as a marker, recognized by the cellular apparatus to target the tagged protein for some cellular process such as modification, sequestration, transport or degradation.
31387 MPF complex C A complex consisting of a Cdc2-class (also known as Cdc28) cyclin-dependent kinase and an M-phase cyclin such as S. pombe Cdc13. The MPF complex phosphorylates and activates the anaphase promoting complex (APC).
31388 organic acid phosphorylation P The process of introducing one or more phosphate groups into an organic acid.
31389 Rad17 RFC-like complex C A pentameric protein complex related to replication factor C, which loads a trimeric complex of checkpoint proteins (known as the checkpoint clamp or 9-1-1 complex) onto DNA at damage sites; functions in DNA damage cell cycle checkpoints. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe the subunits are known as Rad17, Rfc2, Rfc3, Rfc4, and Rfc5, while in Saccharomyces cerevisiae the subunits are known as Rad24p, Rfc2p, Rfc3p, Rfc4p, and Rfc5p.
31390 Ctf18 RFC-like complex C A heptameric complex related to replication factor C, which loads the DNA polymerase processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) onto DNA and plays a vital role in chromosome cohesion. In Saccharomyces the subunits are known as Ctf18p, Rfc2p, Rfc3p, Rfc4p, Rfc5p, Dcc1p, and Ctf8p.
31391 Elg1 RFC-like complex C A pentameric replication factor C (RLC) complex, which unloads the DNA polymerase processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) from chromatin and has roles in telomere length regulation and other aspects of genome stability. In Saccharomyces the subunits are known as Elg1p, Rfc2p, Rfc3p, Rfc4p, and Rfc5p.
31392 regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostaglandin.
31393 negative regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostaglandin.
31394 positive regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostaglandin.
31395 bursicon neuropeptide hormone complex C A neuropeptide hormone secreted by the central nervous system of insects that stimulates the tanning and sclerotization of the adult cuticle following eclosion. The active hormone consists of an obligate heterodimer of the alpha and beta subunits.
31396 regulation of protein ubiquitination P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of ubiquitin groups to a protein.
31397 negative regulation of protein ubiquitination P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of ubiquitin groups to a protein.
31398 positive regulation of protein ubiquitination P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of ubiquitin groups to a protein.
31399 regulation of protein modification process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a protein.
31400 negative regulation of protein modification process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a protein.
31401 positive regulation of protein modification process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a protein.
31402 sodium ion binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with sodium ions (Na+).
31403 lithium ion binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with lithium ions (Li+).
31404 chloride ion binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with chloride ions (Cl-).
31405 lipoic acid binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with lipoic acid, 1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoic acid.
31406 carboxylic acid binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a carboxylic acid, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-).
31407 oxylipin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving any oxylipin, any of a group of biologically active compounds formed by oxidative metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
31408 oxylipin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any oxylipin, any of a group of biologically active compounds formed by oxidative metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
31409 pigment binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, e.g. melanin.
31410 cytoplasmic vesicle C A vesicle found in the cytoplasm of a cell.
31411 gas vesicle C An intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle; a hollow structure made of protein, which usually has the form of a cylindrical tube closed by conical end caps. By regulating their relative gas vesicle content, aquatic microbes are able to perform vertical migrations.
31412 gas vesicle organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a gas vesicle. A gas vesicle is a hollow structure made of protein, which usually has the form of a cylindrical tube closed by conical end caps.
31413 regulation of buoyancy P Any process that modulates an organism's tendency or ability to rise or float in a fluid medium such as water or air, often through the use of stored gases.
31414 N-terminal protein acetyltransferase complex C A complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to the N-terminal residue of a protein acceptor molecule.
31415 NatA complex C A conserved complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to an N-terminal Ser, Ala, Gly, or Thr residue of a protein acceptor molecule. In Saccharomyces the complex includes Nat1p and Ard1p, and may contain additional proteins.
31416 NatB complex C A conserved complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to the N-terminal residue of a protein acceptor molecule that has a Met-Glu, Met-Asp, Met-Asn, or Met-Met N-terminus. In Saccharomyces the complex includes Nat3p and Mdm20p.
31417 NatC complex C A conserved complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to the N-terminal residue of a protein acceptor molecule that has a Met-Ile, Met-Leu, Met-Trp, or Met-Phe N-terminus. In Saccharomyces the complex includes Mak3p, Mak10p, and Mak31p.
31418 L-ascorbic acid binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with L-ascorbic acid, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate; L-ascorbic acid is vitamin C and has co-factor and anti-oxidant activities in many species.
31419 cobalamin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom.
31420 alkali metal ion binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any alkali metal ion; alkali metals are those elements in group Ia of the periodic table, with the exception of hydrogen.
31421 invertasome C A complex formed by a recombinase, a regulatory protein, and the DNA sequences bound by each protein; catalyzes a reversible site-specific recombination reaction that results in the alternate expression of one or more genes in various contexts.
31422 RecQ helicase-Topo III complex C A complex containing a RecQ family helicase and a topoisomerase III homologue; may also include one or more additional proteins; conserved from E. coli to human.
31423 hexon binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a hexon, the major protein component of the icosahedral capsid of an adenovirus.
31424 keratinization P The process in which the cytoplasm of the outermost cells of the vertebrate epidermis is replaced by keratin. Keratinization occurs in the stratum corneum, feathers, hair, claws, nails, hooves, and horns.
31425 chloroplast RNA processing P The conversion of a primary RNA molecule transcribed from a chloroplast genome into one or more mature RNA molecules.
31426 polycistronic mRNA processing P The conversion of a primary mRNA transcript containing more than one complete protein-coding region into individual mature mRNA molecules.
31427 response to methotrexate P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methotrexate stimulus. Methotrexate is 4-amino-10-methylformic acid, a folic acid analogue that is a potent competitive inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase.
31428 box C/D snoRNP complex C A ribonucleoprotein complex containing small nucleolar RNA of the box C/D type that can carry out ribose-2'-O-methylation of target RNAs.
31429 box H/ACA snoRNP complex C A box H/ACA RNP complex that is located in the nucleolus.
31430 M band C The midline of aligned thick filaments in a sarcomere; location of specific proteins that link thick filaments. Depending on muscle type the M band consists of different numbers of M lines.
31431 Dbf4-dependent protein kinase complex C A heterodimeric protein complex required for the activation of DNA replication origins; comprises a catalytic subunit and a regulatory subunit (in Saccharomyces, Cdc7p and Dbf4p, respectively); complexes identified in other species generally contain proteins related to the Saccharomyces proteins.
31432 titin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with titin, any of a family of giant proteins found in striated and smooth muscle. In striated muscle, single titin molecules span half the sarcomere, with their N- and C-termini in the Z-disc and M-line, respectively.
31433 telethonin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with telethonin, a protein found in the Z disc of striated muscle and which is a substrate of the titin kinase.
31434 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, any protein that can phosphorylate a MAP kinase.
31435 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase, any protein that can phosphorylate a MAP kinase kinase.
31436 BRCA1-BARD1 complex C A heterodimeric complex comprising BRCA1 and BARD1, which possesses ubiquitin ligase activity and is involved in genome maintenance, possibly by functioning in surveillance for DNA damage.
31437 regulation of mRNA cleavage P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA cleavage, any process in which a pre-mRNA or mRNA molecule is cleaved at specific sites or in a regulated manner.
31438 negative regulation of mRNA cleavage P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA cleavage.
31439 positive regulation of mRNA cleavage P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA cleavage.
31440 regulation of mRNA 3'-end processing P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA 3'-end processing, any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an mRNA molecule.
31441 negative regulation of mRNA 3'-end processing P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA 3'-end processing.
31442 positive regulation of mRNA 3'-end processing P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA 3'-end processing.
31443 fast-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction P A process in which force is generated within fast-twitch skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The fast-twitch skeletal muscle is characterized by fast time parameters, high force development and fatiguability.
31444 slow-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction P A process in which force is generated within slow-twitch skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The slow-twitch skeletal muscle is characterized by slow time parameters, low force development and resistance to fatigue.
31445 regulation of heterochromatin assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent or location of heterochromatin formation.
31446 regulation of fast-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fast-twitch skeletal muscle contraction.
31447 negative regulation of fast-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fast-twitch skeletal muscle contraction.
31448 positive regulation of fast-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fast-twitch skeletal muscle contraction.
31449 regulation of slow-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of slow-twitch skeletal muscle contraction.
31450 negative regulation of slow-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of slow-twitch skeletal muscle contraction.
31451 positive regulation of slow-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of slow-twitch skeletal muscle contraction.
31452 negative regulation of heterochromatin assembly P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heterochromatin formation.
31453 positive regulation of heterochromatin assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heterochromatin formation.
31454 regulation of extent of heterochromatin assembly P Any process that modulates the extent or location of heterochromatin formation.
31455 glycine betaine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycine betaine, N-trimethylglycine.
31456 glycine betaine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycine betaine, N-trimethylglycine.
31457 glycine betaine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycine betaine, N-trimethylglycine.
31458 betaine-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + a betaine(out) = ADP + phosphate + a betaine(in).
31459 glycine betaine-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + glycine betaine(out) = ADP + phosphate + glycine betaine(in).
31460 glycine betaine transport P The directed movement of glycine betaine, N-trimethylglycine, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
31461 cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase complex C Any ubiquitin ligase complex in which the catalytic core consists of a member of the cullin family and a RING domain protein; the core is associated with one or more additional proteins that confer substrate specificity.
31462 Cul2-RING ubiquitin ligase complex C A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul2 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by an elongin-BC adaptor and a SOCS/BC box protein.
31463 Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex C A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul3 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a BTB-domain-containing protein.
31464 Cul4A-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex C A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul4A subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by an adaptor protein.
31465 Cul4B-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex C A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul4B subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by unknown subunits.
31466 Cul5-RING ubiquitin ligase complex C A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul5 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by an elongin-BC adaptor and a SOCS/BC box protein.
31467 Cul7-RING ubiquitin ligase complex C A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul7 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 linker and an F-box protein.
31468 nuclear envelope reassembly P The reformation of the nuclear envelope following its breakdown in the context of a normal process.
31469 polyhedral organelle C An organelle found in bacteria consisting of a proteinaceous coat containing metabolic enzymes whose purpose is the sequestration or concentration of metabolites and which has the appearance of a polygonal granule by electron microscopy.
31470 carboxysome C An organelle consisting of a proteinaceous coat and enzymes for the fixation of carbon dioxide including mechanisms for the concentration of carbonate to increase the efficiency of fixation under low-carbon dioxide conditions.
31471 ethanolamine degradation polyhedral organelle C An organelle found in bacteria consisting of a proteinaceous coat containing enzymes for the degradation of ethanolamine whose purpose is the protection of the rest of the cell from the toxic acetaldehyde product of the enzyme ethanolamine ammonia lyase.
31472 propanediol degradation polyhedral organelle C An organelle found in bacteria consisting of a proteinaceous coat containing enzymes for the degradation of 1,2-propanediol whose purpose is the protection of the rest of the cell from the toxic propionaldehyde product of the enzyme diol dehydratase.
31473 myosin III binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a class III myosin; myosin III is monomeric and has an N terminal kinase domain.
31474 myosin IV complex C A myosin complex containing one or more class IV myosin heavy chains and associated light chains; myosin IV is relatively uncharacterized, but is predicted to have a single motor domain, one IQ motif and a tail with a Myosin Tail Homology (myTH4) domain homologous to that in the tails of myosins VII and XV.
31475 myosin V complex C A myosin complex containing a dimer of class V myosin heavy chains and associated light chains; involved in intracellular transport. Myosin V is a dimeric molecule consisting of conserved motor domains followed by 6 IQ motifs which bind specific light chains and calmodulin. The tail domain is important for cellular localization and cargo binding and can be divided into an alpha-helical coiled coil region and a C-terminal globular region.
31476 myosin VI complex C A myosin complex containing one or more class VI myosin heavy chains and associated light chains. Myosin VI has a single IQ motif in the neck and a tail region with a coiled coil domain followed by a unique globular domain; a unique insertion that enables myosin VI to move towards the pointed or minus end of actin filaments.
31477 myosin VII complex C A myosin complex containing a dimer of class VII myosin heavy chains and associated light chains. Myosin VII (240 kDa) is predicted to be a dimeric molecule with 5 IQ motifs and a tail region with a short stretch of coiled coil followed by two myosin-tail homology (MyTH4) domains, two talin-binding (FERM) domains and an SH3-domain.
31478 myosin VIII complex C A myosin complex containing a dimer of class VIII myosin heavy chains and associated light chains. Myosin VIII is predicted to be dimeric, and contain an unusual 100-190 residue N-terminal extension prior to their motor domains, 3-4 IQ motifs, a short region (~70 residues) of predicted alpha-helical coiled coil and a C-terminal domain.
31479 myosin IX complex C A myosin complex containing a class IX myosin heavy chain and associated light chains. Myosin IX is monomeric with a motor domain containing an N-terminal extension and an insert in the actin binding interface, followed by four to six IQ motifs and a tail region that contains a zinc binding motif and a domain with homology to GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) of the Rho family of G-proteins.
31480 myosin X complex C A myosin complex containing one or more class X myosin heavy chains and associated light chains.
31481 myosin XI complex C A myosin complex containing a dimer of class XI myosin heavy chains and associated light chains. Myosin XI heavy chain sizes are similar in molecular structure to the class V myosins with 5 to 6 IQ motifs and tail regions with predicted coiled coil domains (forming dimeric molecules) and large C-terminal regions.
31482 myosin XII complex C A myosin complex containing one or more class XII myosin heavy chains and associated light chains; myosin XII contains a large tail region with two MyTH4 domains and a short region of coiled coil.
31483 myosin XIII complex C A myosin complex containing one or more class XIII myosin heavy chains and associated light chains.
31484 myosin XIV complex C A myosin complex containing a class XIV myosin heavy chain and associated light chains; myosin XIV heavy chains are the simplest known, containing a motor domain, no classic IQ motif and variable length tails.
31485 myosin XV complex C A myosin complex containing a class XV myosin heavy chain and associated light chains. Myosin XV is single headed, and has a large extension (1200aa) at the N-terminus of the motor domain, two IQ motifs and a tail with a similar domain structure to that of the tail of myosin VII.
31486 myosin XVI complex C A myosin complex containing a class XVI myosin heavy chains and associated light chains; myosin XVI heavy chains contain ankyrin repeat.
31487 myosin XVII complex C A myosin complex containing one or more class XVII myosin heavy chains and associated light chains.
31488 myosin XVIII complex C A myosin complex containing a class XVIII myosin heavy chain and associated light chains; myosin XVIII heavy chains contain an N-terminal PDZ domain.
31489 myosin V binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a class V myosin; myosin V is a dimeric molecule involved in intracellular transport.
31490 chromatin DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA that is assembled into chromatin.
31491 nucleosome binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleosome, a complex comprised of DNA wound around a multisubunit core and associated proteins, which forms the primary packing unit of DNA into higher order structures.
31492 nucleosomal DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the DNA portion of a nucleosome.
31493 nucleosomal histone binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a histone that is assembled into a nucleosome.
31494 regulation of mating type switching P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mating type switching, the conversion of a single-cell organism from one mating type to another by the precise replacement of a DNA sequence at the expressed mating type locus with a copy of a sequence from a donor locus.
31495 negative regulation of mating type switching P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mating type switching.
31496 positive regulation of mating type switching P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mating type switching.
31497 chromatin assembly P The assembly of DNA, histone proteins, other associated proteins, and sometimes RNA, into chromatin structure, beginning with the formation of the basic unit, the nucleosome, followed by organization of the nucleosomes into higher order structures, ultimately giving rise to a complex organization of specific domains within the nucleus.
31498 chromatin disassembly P The controlled breakdown of chromatin from a higher order structure into its simpler subcomponents, DNA, histones, other proteins, and sometimes RNA.
31499 TRAMP complex C A multiprotein complex having distributive polyadenylation activity of a variety of RNA substrates including hypomodified and incorrectly folded tRNAs, pre-snRNAs, pre-snoRNAs, incorrectly spliced or processed pre-mRNAs, cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs), pre-rRNAs and rRNA fragments released as part of rRNA processing. In S. cerevisiae, the complex consists of either Pap2 (also known as Trf4) or Trf5, Air1 or Air2, and Mtr4, and is involved in RNA 3'-end processing and in RNA surveillance and quality control.
31500 Tea1 cell-end complex C A high molecular weight complex characterized in S. pombe containing the cell-end anchoring protein Tea1. This complex is transported to the cell ends by microtubules and is involved in bipolar growth and the maintennce of normal cell polarity.
31501 mannosyltransferase complex C A complex that posseses mannosyltransferase activity.
31502 dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase complex C A complex that possesses dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase activity; usually includes members of the PMT1 and PMT2 protein subfamilies.
31503 protein complex localization P A localization process that acts on a protein complex; the complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
31504 peptidoglycan-based cell wall organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the peptidoglycan-based cell wall.
31505 fungal-type cell wall organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the fungal-type cell wall.
31506 cell wall glycoprotein biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cell wall glycoproteins, any cell wall protein that contains covalently bound sugar residues.
31507 heterochromatin assembly P The assembly of chromatin into heterochromatin, a compact and highly condensed form that is often, but not always, transcriptionally silent.
31508 pericentric heterochromatin assembly P The assembly of chromatin into heterochromatin that is located adjacent to the CENP-A rich centromere 'central core' and characterized by the modified histone H3K9me3.
31509 telomeric heterochromatin assembly P The assembly of chromatin into heterochromatin at the telomere.
31510 SUMO activating enzyme complex C A conserved heterodimeric complex with SUMO activating enzyme activity.
31511 Mis6-Sim4 complex C A protein complex that forms part of the inner centromere, which is involved in the loading of the centromeric histone h3 variant CENP-A onto centromeres and in centromere specific heterochromatin formation. The complex contains about 12 proteins, of which two are known as Mis6 and Sim4 in S. pombe and CENP-I and CENP-H in human.
31514 motile cilium C A cilium which may have a variable arrangement of axonemal microtubules and also contains molecular motors. It may beat with a whip-like pattern that promotes cell motility or transport of fluids and other cells across a cell surface, such as on epithelial cells that line the lumenal ducts of various tissues; or they may display a distinct twirling motion that directs fluid flow asymmetrically across the cellular surface to affect asymmetric body plan organization. Motile cilia can be found in single as well as multiple copies per cell.
31515 tRNA (m1A) methyltransferase complex C A protein complex involved in the catalysis of the formation of the modified nucleotide 1-methyladenosine (m1A) in tRNA. In yeast, it is a heterotetramer of two subunits, Gcd10p and Gcd14p, while in bacteria and archaea it is a homotetramer.
31516 far-red light photoreceptor activity F The function of absorbing and responding to electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of approximately 730nm. The response may involve a change in conformation.
31517 red light photoreceptor activity F The function of absorbing and responding to electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of approximately 660nm. The response may involve a change in conformation.
31518 CBF3 complex C A multisubunit protein complex that binds to centromeric DNA and initiates kinetochore assembly. In yeast, this complex consists of four subunits, namely Ctf13p, Skp1p, Cep3p and Cbf2p.
31519 PcG protein complex C A chromatin-associated multiprotein complex containing Polycomb Group proteins. In Drosophila, Polycomb group proteins are involved in the long-term maintenance of gene repression, and PcG protein complexes associate with Polycomb group response elements (PREs) in target genes to regulate higher-order chromatin structure.
31520 plasma membrane of cell tip C The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding the cell tip.
31521 spitzenkorper C Structure within the hyphal tip of filamentous fungi that acts as an organizing center for hyphal tip growth; may function to supply vesicles to the elongating tip and/or to organize cytoskeletal microfilaments.
31522 cell envelope Sec protein transport complex C A transmembrane protein complex involved in the translocation of proteins across the cytoplasmic membrane. In Gram-negative bacteria, Sec-translocated proteins are subsequently secreted via the type II, IV, or V secretion systems. Sec complex components include SecA, D, E, F, G, Y and YajC.
31523 Myb complex C A multisubunit complex consisting of Myb and other proteins that regulates site specific DNA replication, gene amplification and transcriptional repression.
31524 menthol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving menthol, the monoterpene 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol.
31525 menthol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of menthol, the monoterpene 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol.
31526 brush border membrane C The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding the brush border.
31527 filopodium membrane C The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a filopodium.
31528 microvillus membrane C The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a microvillus.
31529 ruffle organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a ruffle, a projection at the leading edge of a crawling cell.
31530 gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a receptor for gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), a peptide hormone that is synthesized and released by the hypothalamus and is responsible for the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary.
31531 thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a receptor for thyrotropin-releasing hormone, a tripeptide hormone that is produced by the hypothalamus and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin by the anterior pituitary.
31532 actin cytoskeleton reorganization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in dynamic structural changes to the arrangement of constituent parts of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.
31533 mRNA cap methyltransferase complex C A protein complex that consists of an RNA 5' triphosphatase and a guanyl transferase (Cet1p and Ceg1p in S. cerevisiae; Pct1 and Ceg1 in S. pombe) and is involved in mRNA capping.
31534 minus-end directed microtubule sliding P The movement of one microtubule along another microtubule, where the motion is directed towards the minus ends of the microtubules.
31535 plus-end directed microtubule sliding P The movement of one microtubule along another microtubule, where the motion is directed towards the plus ends of the microtubules.
31536 positive regulation of exit from mitosis P Any process that activates or increases the rate of progression from anaphase/telophase (high mitotic CDK activity) to G1 (low mitotic CDK activity).
31537 regulation of anthocyanin metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways involving anthocyanins.
31538 negative regulation of anthocyanin metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways involving anthocyanins.
31539 positive regulation of anthocyanin metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways involving anthocyanins.
31540 regulation of anthocyanin biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of anthocyanins.
31541 negative regulation of anthocyanin biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of anthocyanins.
31542 positive regulation of anthocyanin biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of anthocyanins.
31543 peptidyl-proline dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = peptidyl hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2.
31544 peptidyl-proline 3-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = peptidyl trans-3-hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2.
31545 peptidyl-proline 4-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = peptidyl trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2.
31546 brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor.
31547 brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
31548 regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway.
31549 negative regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway.
31550 positive regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway.
31551 regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor-activated receptor activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of brain-derived neurotrophic factor-activated receptor activity.
31552 negative regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor-activated receptor activity P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of brain-derived neurotrophic factor-activated receptor activity.
31553 positive regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor-activated receptor activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of brain-derived neurotrophic factor-activated receptor activity.
31554 regulation of DNA-templated transcription, termination P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent, or location of DNA-templated transcription termination, the process in which transcription is completed; the formation of phosphodiester bonds ceases, the RNA-DNA hybrid dissociates, and RNA polymerase releases the DNA.
31555 transcriptional attenuation P Regulation of transcription through variation in where transcription termination occurs.
31556 transcriptional attenuation by ribosome P A type of transcriptional regulation at the level of early termination. This process can occur only in prokaryotes, where transcription of an operon into messenger RNA and translation of that mRNA into polypeptides occur simultaneously. The general principle is that alternative mRNA secondary structures occur under different physiological conditions such as available amount of a particular amino acid. One set of conditions favors early termination of transcription. In the classic example of the trp biosynthesis operon, translation of the gene for a short, trp-containing polypeptide called the trp operon leader peptide pauses either at a trp codon (if tryptophan is scarce) or the stop codon (if trp is readily available). In the former situation transcription continues, but in the latter a Rho-independent terminator forms and reduces, or attenuates, expression of the tryptophan biosynthesis genes. Although the polypeptides encoded by leader peptide genes appear not to be stable once their translation is complete, it is suggested by recent studies that their nascent polypeptide chains interact specifically with ribosomes, specific uncharged tRNAs, or other cellular components to inhibit release at the stop codon and improve the function of transcriptional attenuation as a regulatory switch.
31559 oxidosqualene cyclase activity F Catalysis of the cyclization of (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene to form a triterpene.
31560 cellular bud neck polarisome C Protein complex that has a role in determining cell polarity, found at the neck of a fungal bud before and during cytokinesis.
31561 cellular bud tip polarisome C Protein complex that has a role in determining cell polarity, found at the tip of a growing fungal bud.
31562 hyphal tip polarisome C Protein complex that has a role in determining cell polarity, found at the tip of a growing fungal hypha.
31563 mating projection tip polarisome C Protein complex that has a role in determining cell polarity, found at the tip of the mating projection in unicellular fungi exposed to mating pheromone.
31564 transcription antitermination P Regulation of transcription by a mechanism that allows RNA polymerase to continue transcription beyond a termination site.
31566 actomyosin contractile ring maintenance P The cell cycle process in which the contractile ring is maintained in response to the cytokinesis checkpoint; that is when cytokinesis is delayed awaiting completion of nuclear division or the correct formation of cytokinetic structures. This process occurs in the context of cytokinesis that takes place as part of a cell cycle.
31567 mitotic cell size control checkpoint P The mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that delays or arrests cell cycle progression until cells have reached a critical size.
31568 G1 cell size control checkpoint P A mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that monitors cell size, and negatively regulates cell cycle progression between G1 and S phase until a critical size is reached.
31569 G2 cell size control checkpoint P A cell cycle checkpoint that monitors cell size, and negatively regulates cell cycle progression between G2 and M phase until a critical size is reached.
31570 DNA integrity checkpoint P A cell cycle process that controls cell cycle progression in response to changes in DNA structure by monitoring the integrity of the DNA. The DNA integrity checkpoint begins with detection of DNA damage, defects in DNA structure or DNA replication, and progresses through signal transduction and ends with cell cycle effector processes.
31571 mitotic G1 DNA damage checkpoint P A mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that detects and negatively regulates progression through the G1/S transition of the cell cycle in response to DNA damage.
31572 G2 DNA damage checkpoint P A cell cycle checkpoint that detects and negatively regulates progression from G2 to M phase in the cell cycle in response to DNA damage.
31573 intra-S DNA damage checkpoint P A mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that slows DNA synthesis in response to DNA damage by the prevention of new origin firing and the stabilization of slow replication fork progression.
31577 spindle checkpoint P A cell cycle checkpoint that originates from the mitotic or meiotic spindle.
31578 mitotic spindle orientation checkpoint P A cell cycle checkpoint that monitors and signals errors in the placement or orientation of the spindle in the cell. This delays the completion of anaphase until errors are corrected.
31579 membrane raft organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of membrane rafts, small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes.
31580 membrane raft distribution P The process that establishes the spatial arrangement of membrane rafts within a cellular membrane.
31581 hemidesmosome assembly P Assembly of hemidesmosomes, integrin-containing protein complexes that bind to laminin in the basal lamina. Hemidesmosomes form the contact between the basal surface of epithelial cells and the underlying basal lamina.
31582 replication fork arrest at rDNA repeats P A process that impedes the progress of the DNA replication fork at natural replication fork pausing sites within the eukaryotic rDNA repeat spacer.
31583 phospholipase D-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of phospholipase D (PLD) and a subsequent increase in cellular levels of phosphatidic acid (PA).
31584 activation of phospholipase D activity P Any process that initiates the activity of inactive phospholipase D.
31585 regulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive calcium-release channel activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive calcium-release channel.
31586 negative regulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive calcium-release channel activity P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive calcium-release channel.
31587 positive regulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive calcium-release channel activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive calcium-release channel.
31588 nucleotide-activated protein kinase complex C A protein complex that possesses nucleotide-dependent protein kinase activity. The nucleotide can be AMP (in S. pombe and human) or ADP (in S. cerevisiae).
31589 cell-substrate adhesion P The attachment of a cell to the underlying substrate via adhesion molecules.
31590 wybutosine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving wybutosine, 3H-imidazo[1,2-alpha]purine-7-butanoic acid, 4,9-dihydro- alpha-[(methoxycarbonyl)amino]- 4,6-dimethyl-9-oxo- 3-beta-D-ribofuranosyl methyl ester, a modified nucleoside found in some tRNA molecules.
31591 wybutosine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of wybutosine, 3H-imidazo[1,2-alpha]purine-7-butanoic acid, 4,9-dihydro- alpha-[(methoxycarbonyl)amino]- 4,6-dimethyl-9-oxo- 3-beta-D-ribofuranosyl methyl ester, a modified nucleoside found in some tRNA molecules.
31592 centrosomal corona C An amorphous structure surrounding the core of the centrosome, from which microtubules are nucleated; contains gamma-tubulin.
31593 polyubiquitin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a polymer of ubiqutin.
31594 neuromuscular junction C The junction between the axon of a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. In response to the arrival of action potentials, the presynaptic button releases molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane of the muscle fiber, leading to a change in post-synaptic potential.
31595 nuclear proteasome complex C A proteasome found in the nucleus of a cell.
31597 cytosolic proteasome complex C A proteasome complex found in the cytosol of a cell.
31598 nuclear proteasome regulatory particle C The regulatory subcomplex of a proteasome located in the nucleus of a cell.
31600 cytosolic proteasome regulatory particle C A multisubunit complex located in the cytosol of a cell, which caps one or both ends of the proteasome core complex. This complex recognizes, unfolds ubiquitinated proteins and translocates them to the proteasome core complex.
31601 nuclear proteasome core complex C The core complex of a proteasome located in the nucleus of a cell.
31603 cytosolic proteasome core complex C The core complex of a proteasome located in the cytosol of a cell.
31604 nuclear proteasome core complex, alpha-subunit complex C The subunits forming the outer ring of the core complex of a proteasome located in the nucleus of a cell.
31606 cytosolic proteasome core complex, alpha-subunit complex C The proteasome core subcomplex that constitutes the two outer rings of the cytosolic proteasome core complex.
31607 nuclear proteasome core complex, beta-subunit complex C The subunits forming the inner ring of the core complex of a proteasome located in the nucleus of a cell.
31609 cytosolic proteasome core complex, beta-subunit complex C The proteasome core subcomplex that constitutes the two inner rings of the cytosolic proteasome core complex.
31610 nuclear proteasome regulatory particle, base subcomplex C The subunits of the regulatory particle that directly associate with the core complex of a proteasome located in the nucleus of a cell.
31612 cytosolic proteasome regulatory particle, base subcomplex C The subcomplex of the proteasome regulatory particle that directly associates with the proteasome core complex located in the cytosol of the cell.
31613 nuclear proteasome regulatory particle, lid subcomplex C The subunits that form the peripheral lid of the regulatory particle of a proteasome located in the nucleus of a cell.
31615 cytosolic proteasome regulatory particle, lid subcomplex C The subcomplex of the cytosolic proteasome regulatory particle that forms the peripheral lid, which is added on top of the base subcomplex.
31616 spindle pole centrosome C A centrosome from which one pole of a mitotic or meiotic spindle is organized.
31617 NMS complex C A supercomplex formed by the association of two subcomplexes (known as MIND and Ndc80 in Schizosaccharomyces) with additional proteins at the kinetochores of condensed nuclear chromosomes.
31618 nuclear pericentric heterochromatin C Nuclear heterochromatin that is located adjacent to the CENP-A rich centromere 'central core' and characterized by the modified histone H3K9me3.
31619 homologous chromosome orientation involved in meiotic metaphase I plate congression P The cell cycle process in which the sister centromeres of one chromosome attach to microtubules that emanate from the same spindle pole, which ensures that homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes are pulled in opposite directions at anaphase of meiosis I.
31620 regulation of fever generation P Any process that modulates the rate or extent of fever generation.
31621 negative regulation of fever generation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of fever generation.
31622 positive regulation of fever generation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of fever generation.
31623 receptor internalization P A receptor-mediated endocytosis process that results in the movement of receptors from the plasma membrane to the inside of the cell. The process begins when cell surface receptors are monoubiquitinated following ligand-induced activation. Receptors are subsequently taken up into endocytic vesicles from where they are either targeted to the lysosome or vacuole for degradation or recycled back to the plasma membrane.
31624 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, any of the E2 proteins.
31625 ubiquitin protein ligase binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a ubiquitin protein ligase enzyme, any of the E3 proteins.
31626 beta-endorphin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with beta-endorphin, a peptide generated by the cleavage of pro-opiomelanocortin.
31627 telomeric loop formation P The process in which linear telomeric DNA is remodeled into duplex loops, by the invasion of a 3' single-stranded overhang into the duplex region.
31628 opioid receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an opioid receptor.
31629 synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic active zone membrane P Fusion of the membrane of a synaptic vesicle with the presynaptic active zone membrane, thereby releasing its cargo neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft.
31630 regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic membrane P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle fusion to the presynaptic membrane.
31631 negative regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic membrane P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle fusion to the presynaptic membrane.
31632 positive regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic membrane P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle fusion to the presynaptic membrane.
31633 xanthophore C A chromatophore containing yellow pigment.
31634 replication fork barrier binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with replication fork barriers, sites that inhibit the progress of replication forks.
31635 adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an opioid receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent decrease in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP).
31637 regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity in response to neurotrophin P The process in which a neurotrophic factor induces neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers.
31638 zymogen activation P The proteolytic processing of an inactive enzyme to an active form.
31639 plasminogen activation P The process in which inactive plasminogen is processed to active plasmin. This process includes cleavage at an internal Arg-Val site to form an N-terminal A-chain and C-terminal B-chain held together by a disulfide bond, and can include further proteolytic cleavage events to remove the preactivation peptide.
31640 killing of cells of other organism P Any process in an organism that results in the killing of cells of another organism, including in some cases the death of the other organism. Killing here refers to the induction of death in one cell by another cell, not cell-autonomous death due to internal or other environmental conditions.
31641 regulation of myelination P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a myelin sheath around nerve axons.
31642 negative regulation of myelination P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a myelin sheath around nerve axons.
31643 positive regulation of myelination P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a myelin sheath around nerve axons.
31644 regulation of neurological system process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of neurological system.
31645 negative regulation of neurological system process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process.
31646 positive regulation of neurological system process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process.
31647 regulation of protein stability P Any process that affects the structure and integrity of a protein, altering the likelihood of its degradation or aggregation.
31648 protein destabilization P Any process that decreases the stability of a protein, making it more vulnerable to degradative processes or aggregation.
31649 heat generation P Any homeostatic process in which an organism produces heat, thereby raising its internal temperature.
31650 regulation of heat generation P Any process that modulates the rate or extent of heat generation.
31651 negative regulation of heat generation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of heat generation.
31652 positive regulation of heat generation P Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of heat generation.
31653 heat dissipation P Any homeostatic process in which an organism releases excess heat to the environment, thereby lowering its internal temperature.
31654 regulation of heat dissipation P Any process that modulates the rate or extent of heat dissipation.
31655 negative regulation of heat dissipation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of heat dissipation.
31656 positive regulation of heat dissipation P Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of heat dissipation.
31657 regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity involved in G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle P Any process that controls the frequency, rate or extent of G1 cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity contributing to the G1/S transition of the cell cycle.
31658 negative regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity involved in G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity contributing to the G1/S transition of the cell cycle.
31659 positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity involved in G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity contributing to the G1/S transition of the cell cycle.
31660 regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity involved in G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity contributing to the G2/M transition of the cell cycle.
31661 negative regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity involved in G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity contributing to the G2/M transition of the cell cycle.
31662 positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity involved in G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity involved in the G2/M transition of the cell cycle.
31663 lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Lipopolysaccharides are major components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, making them prime targets for recognition by the immune system.
31664 regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling in response to detection of lipopolysaccharide.
31665 negative regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling in response to detection of lipopolysaccharide.
31666 positive regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling in response to detection of lipopolysaccharide.
31667 response to nutrient levels P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of nutrients.
31668 cellular response to extracellular stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an extracellular stimulus.
31669 cellular response to nutrient levels P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of nutrients.
31670 cellular response to nutrient P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nutrient stimulus.
31671 primary cell septum biogenesis P A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a primary cell septum following nuclear division.
31672 A band C The dark-staining region of a sarcomere, in which myosin thick filaments are present; the center is traversed by the paler H zone, which in turn contains the M line.
31673 H zone C A relatively pale zone traversing the center of the A band of a sarcomere, visible in relaxed muscle fibers; consists of the central portion of thick (myosin) filaments that are not overlapped by thin (actin) filaments.
31674 I band C A region of a sarcomere that appears as a light band on each side of the Z disc, comprising a region of the sarcomere where thin (actin) filaments are not overlapped by thick (myosin) filaments; contains actin, troponin, and tropomyosin; each sarcomere includes half of an I band at each end.
31676 plasma membrane-derived thylakoid membrane C The pigmented membrane of a plasma membrane-derived thylakoid.
31679 NADH dehydrogenase (plastoquinone) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + H+ + plastoquinone = NAD+ + plastoquinol.
31680 G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex C The heterodimer formed by the beta and gamma subunits of a heterotrimeric G protein, which dissociates from the alpha subunit upon guanine nuclotide exchange.
31681 G-protein beta-subunit binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a G-protein beta subunit.
31682 G-protein gamma-subunit binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a G-protein gamma subunit.
31683 G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a complex of G-protein beta/gamma subunits.
31684 heterotrimeric G-protein complex cycle P The series of molecular events that generate a signal through the activation of G-protein subunits and recycling of these subunits.
31685 adenosine receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an adenosine receptor.
31686 A1 adenosine receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an A1 adenosine receptor.
31687 A2A adenosine receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an A2A adenosine receptor.
31688 A2B adenosine receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an A2B adenosine receptor.
31689 A3 adenosine receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an A3 adenosine receptor.
31690 adrenergic receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an adrenergic receptor.
31691 alpha-1A adrenergic receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an alpha-1A adrenergic receptor.
31692 alpha-1B adrenergic receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an alpha-1B adrenergic receptor.
31693 alpha-1D adrenergic receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an alpha-1D adrenergic receptor.
31694 alpha-2A adrenergic receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an alpha-2A adrenergic receptor.
31695 alpha-2B adrenergic receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an alpha-2B adrenergic receptor.
31696 alpha-2C adrenergic receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an alpha-2C adrenergic receptor.
31697 beta-1 adrenergic receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a beta-1 adrenergic receptor.
31698 beta-2 adrenergic receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a beta-2 adrenergic receptor.
31699 beta-3 adrenergic receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a beta-3 adrenergic receptor.
31700 adrenomedullin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an adrenomedullin receptor.
31701 angiotensin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an angiotensin receptor.
31702 type 1 angiotensin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 1 angiotensin receptor.
31703 type 2 angiotensin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 2 angiotensin receptor.
31704 apelin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an apelin receptor.
31705 bombesin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a bombesin receptor.
31706 subtype 3 bombesin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a subtype 3 bombesin receptor.
31707 endothelin A receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an endothelin A receptor.
31708 endothelin B receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an endothelin B receptor.
31709 gastrin-releasing peptide receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a gastrin-releasing peptide receptor.
31710 neuromedin B receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a neuromedin B receptor.
31711 bradykinin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a bradykinin receptor.
31712 B1 bradykinin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a B1 bradykinin receptor.
31713 B2 bradykinin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a B2 bradykinin receptor.
31714 C5a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a C5a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor.
31715 C5L2 anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a C5L2 anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor.
31716 calcitonin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a calcitonin receptor.
31717 cannabinoid receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a cannabinoid receptor.
31718 type 1 cannabinoid receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 1 cannabinoid receptor.
31719 type 2 cannabinoid receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 2 cannabinoid receptor.
31720 haptoglobin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a haptoglobin, any alpha2 globulin of blood plasma that can combine with free oxyhemoglobin to form a stable complex.
31721 hemoglobin alpha binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a hemoglobin alpha chain.
31722 hemoglobin beta binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a hemoglobin beta chain.
31723 CXCR4 chemokine receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a CXCR4 chemokine receptor.
31724 CXCR5 chemokine receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a CXCR5 chemokine receptor.
31725 CXCR6 chemokine receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a CXCR6 chemokine receptor.
31726 CCR1 chemokine receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a CCR1 chemokine receptor.
31727 CCR2 chemokine receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a CCR2 chemokine receptor.
31728 CCR3 chemokine receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a CCR3 chemokine receptor.
31729 CCR4 chemokine receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a CCR4 chemokine receptor.
31730 CCR5 chemokine receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a CCR5 chemokine receptor.
31731 CCR6 chemokine receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a CCR6 chemokine receptor.
31732 CCR7 chemokine receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a CCR7 chemokine receptor.
31733 CCR8 chemokine receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a CCR8 chemokine receptor.
31734 CCR9 chemokine receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a CCR9 chemokine receptor.
31735 CCR10 chemokine receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a CCR10 chemokine receptor.
31736 CCR11 chemokine receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a CCR11 chemokine receptor.
31737 CX3C chemokine receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a CX3C chemokine receptor.
31738 XCR1 chemokine receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a XCR1 chemokine receptor.
31739 cholecystokinin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a cholecystokinin receptor.
31740 type A cholecystokinin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type A cholecystokinin receptor.
31741 type B gastrin/cholecystokinin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type B gastrin/cholecystokinin receptor.
31745 cysteinyl leukotriene receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor.
31746 type 1 cysteinyl leukotriene receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 1 cysteinyl leukotriene receptor.
31747 type 2 cysteinyl leukotriene receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 2 cysteinyl leukotriene receptor.
31748 D1 dopamine receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a D1 dopamine receptor.
31749 D2 dopamine receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a D2 dopamine receptor.
31750 D3 dopamine receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a D3 dopamine receptor.
31751 D4 dopamine receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a D4 dopamine receptor.
31752 D5 dopamine receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a D5 dopamine receptor.
31753 endothelial differentiation G-protein coupled receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an endothelial differentiation G-protein coupled receptor.
31754 Edg-1 sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an Edg-1 sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor.
31755 Edg-2 lysophosphatidic acid receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an Edg-2 lysophosphatidic acid receptor.
31756 Edg-3 sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an Edg-3 sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor.
31757 Edg-4 lysophosphatidic acid receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an Edg-4 lysophosphatidic acid receptor.
31758 Edg-5 sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an Edg-5 sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor.
31759 Edg-6 sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an Edg-6 sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor.
31760 Edg-7 lysophosphatidic acid receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an Edg-7 lysophosphatidic acid receptor.
31761 fMet-Leu-Phe receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a fMet-Leu-Phe receptor.
31762 follicle-stimulating hormone receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a follicle-stimulating hormone receptor.
31763 galanin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a galanin receptor.
31764 type 1 galanin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 1 galanin receptor.
31765 type 2 galanin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 2 galanin receptor.
31766 type 3 galanin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 3 galanin receptor.
31767 gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor.
31768 ghrelin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a ghrelin receptor.
31769 glucagon receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a glucagon receptor.
31770 growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor.
31771 type 1 hypocretin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 1 hypocretin receptor.
31772 type 2 hypocretin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 2 hypocretin receptor.
31773 kisspeptin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a kisspeptin receptor.
31774 leukotriene receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a leukotriene receptor.
31775 lutropin-choriogonadotropic hormone receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a lutropin-choriogonadotropic hormone receptor.
31776 melanin-concentrating hormone receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a melanin-concentrating hormone receptor.
31777 type 1 melanin-concentrating hormone receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 1 melanin-concentrating hormone receptor.
31778 type 2 melanin-concentrating hormone receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 2 melanin-concentrating hormone receptor.
31779 melanocortin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a melanocortin receptor.
31780 corticotropin hormone receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a corticotropin hormone receptor.
31781 type 3 melanocortin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 3 melanocortin receptor.
31782 type 4 melanocortin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 4 melanocortin receptor.
31783 type 5 melanocortin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 5 melanocortin receptor.
31784 melatonin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a melatonin receptor.
31785 type 1A melatonin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 1A melatonin receptor.
31786 type 1B melatonin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 1B melatonin receptor.
31787 H9 melatonin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a H9 melatonin receptor.
31788 motilin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a motilin receptor.
31789 G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor.
31795 G-protein coupled GABA receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a G-protein coupled (metabotropic) GABA receptor.
31796 type 1 metabotropic GABA receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 1 metabotropic GABA receptor.
31797 type 2 metabotropic GABA receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 2 metabotropic GABA receptor.
31798 type 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor.
31799 type 2 metabotropic glutamate receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 2 metabotropic glutamate receptor.
31800 type 3 metabotropic glutamate receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 3 metabotropic glutamate receptor.
31801 type 4 metabotropic glutamate receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 4 metabotropic glutamate receptor.
31802 type 5 metabotropic glutamate receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 5 metabotropic glutamate receptor.
31803 type 6 metabotropic glutamate receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 6 metabotropic glutamate receptor.
31804 type 7 metabotropic glutamate receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 7 metabotropic glutamate receptor.
31805 type 8 metabotropic glutamate receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 8 metabotropic glutamate receptor.
31806 G-protein coupled histamine receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a G-protein coupled (metabotropic) histamine receptor.
31807 H1 histamine receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a H1 histamine receptor.
31808 H2 histamine receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a H2 histamine receptor.
31809 H3 histamine receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a H3 histamine receptor.
31810 H4 histamine receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a H4 histamine receptor.
31811 G-protein coupled nucleotide receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a G-protein coupled (metabotropic) nucleotide receptor.
31812 P2Y1 nucleotide receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a P2Y1 nucleotide receptor.
31813 P2Y2 nucleotide receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a P2Y2 nucleotide receptor.
31814 P2Y4 nucleotide receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a P2Y4 nucleotide receptor.
31815 P2Y5 nucleotide receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a P2Y5 nucleotide receptor.
31816 P2Y6 nucleotide receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a P2Y6 nucleotide receptor.
31817 P2Y8 nucleotide receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a P2Y8 nucleotide receptor.
31818 P2Y9 nucleotide receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a P2Y9 nucleotide receptor.
31819 P2Y10 nucleotide receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a P2Y10 nucleotide receptor.
31820 P2Y11 nucleotide receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a P2Y11 nucleotide receptor.
31821 G-protein coupled serotonin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a metabotropic serotonin receptor.
31822 type 1B serotonin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 1B serotonin receptor.
31823 type 1D serotonin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 1D serotonin receptor.
31824 type 1E serotonin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 1E serotonin receptor.
31825 type 1F serotonin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 1F serotonin receptor.
31826 type 2A serotonin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 2A serotonin receptor.
31827 type 2B serotonin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 2B serotonin receptor.
31828 type 2C serotonin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 2C serotonin receptor.
31829 type 4 serotonin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 4 serotonin receptor.
31830 type 5A serotonin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 5A serotonin receptor.
31831 type 5B serotonin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 5B serotonin receptor.
31832 type 6 serotonin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 6 serotonin receptor.
31833 type 7 serotonin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 7 serotonin receptor.
31834 neurokinin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a neurokinin receptor.
31835 substance P receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a substance P receptor.
31836 neuromedin K receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a neuromedin K receptor.
31837 substance K receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a substance K receptor.
31838 haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex C A protein complex formed by the stable binding of a haptoglobin to hemoglobin.
31839 type 1 neuromedin U receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 1 neuromedin U receptor.
31840 type 2 neuromedin U receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 2 neuromedin U receptor.
31841 neuropeptide Y receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a neuropeptide Y receptor.
31842 type 1 neuropeptide Y receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 1 neuropeptide Y receptor.
31843 type 2 neuropeptide Y receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 2 neuropeptide Y receptor.
31844 type 4 neuropeptide Y receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 4 neuropeptide Y receptor.
31845 type 5 neuropeptide Y receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 5 neuropeptide Y receptor.
31846 neurotensin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a neurotensin receptor.
31847 type 1 neurotensin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 1 neurotensin receptor.
31848 protection from non-homologous end joining at telomere P A process that prevents non-homologous end joining at telomere, thereby ensuring that telomeres do not fuse.
31849 olfactory receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an olfactory receptor.
31850 delta-type opioid receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a delta-type opioid receptor.
31851 kappa-type opioid receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a kappa-type opioid receptor.
31852 mu-type opioid receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a mu-type opioid receptor.
31853 nociceptin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nociceptin receptor.
31854 orexigenic neuropeptide QRFP receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an orexigenic neuropeptide QRFP receptor.
31855 oxytocin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an oxytocin receptor.
31856 parathyroid hormone receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a parathyroid hormone receptor.
31857 type 1 parathyroid hormone receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 1 parathyroid hormone receptor.
31858 pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide receptor.
31859 platelet activating factor receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a platelet activating factor receptor.
31860 telomeric 3' overhang formation P The formation of the single stranded telomeric 3' overhang, a conserved feature that ranges in length from 12 nt in budding yeast to approximately 500 nt in humans.
31861 prolactin-releasing peptide receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a prolactin-releasing peptide receptor.
31862 prostanoid receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a prostanoid receptor.
31863 prostaglandin D2 receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a prostaglandin D2 receptor.
31864 EP1 subtype prostaglandin E2 receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an EP1 subtype prostaglandin E2 receptor.
31865 EP2 subtype prostaglandin E2 receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an EP2 subtype prostaglandin E2 receptor.
31866 EP3 subtype prostaglandin E2 receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an EP3 subtype prostaglandin E2 receptor.
31867 EP4 subtype prostaglandin E2 receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an EP4 subtype prostaglandin E2 receptor.
31868 prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor.
31869 prostacyclin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a prostacyclin receptor.
31870 thromboxane A2 receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a thromboxane A2 receptor.
31871 proteinase activated receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a proteinase activated receptor.
31872 type 1 proteinase activated receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 1 proteinase activated receptor.
31873 type 2 proteinase activated receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 2 proteinase activated receptor.
31874 type 3 proteinase activated receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 3 proteinase activated receptor.
31875 type 4 proteinase activated receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 4 proteinase activated receptor.
31876 secretin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a secretin receptor.
31877 somatostatin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a somatostatin receptor.
31878 type 1 somatostatin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 1 somatostatin receptor.
31879 type 2 somatostatin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 2 somatostatin receptor.
31880 type 3 somatostatin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 3 somatostatin receptor.
31881 type 4 somatostatin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 4 somatostatin receptor.
31882 type 5 somatostatin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 5 somatostatin receptor.
31883 taste receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a taste receptor.
31884 type 1 member 1 taste receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 1 member 1 taste receptor.
31885 type 1 member 2 taste receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 1 member 2 taste receptor.
31886 type 1 member 3 taste receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 1 member 3 taste receptor.
31887 lipid particle transport along microtubule P The directed movement of a lipid particle along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins.
31889 urotensin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a urotensin receptor.
31890 vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor.
31891 type 1 vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 1 vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor.
31892 type 2 vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 2 vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor.
31893 vasopressin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a vasopressin receptor.
31894 V1A vasopressin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a V1A vasopressin receptor.
31895 V1B vasopressin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a V1B vasopressin receptor.
31896 V2 vasopressin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a V2 vasopressin receptor.
31897 Tic complex C The translocon of the inner envelope of chloroplasts, which facilitates the import of proteins across the chloroplast inner membrane.
31898 chromoplast envelope C The double lipid bilayer enclosing the chromoplast and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.
31899 chromoplast inner membrane C The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the chromoplast envelope; also faces the chromoplast stroma.
31900 chromoplast outer membrane C The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the chromoplast envelope.
31901 early endosome membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding an early endosome.
31902 late endosome membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a late endosome.
31903 microbody membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a microbody.
31904 endosome lumen C The volume enclosed by the membrane of an endosome.
31905 early endosome lumen C The volume enclosed by the membrane of an early endosome.
31906 late endosome lumen C The volume enclosed by the membrane of a late endosome.
31907 microbody lumen C The volume enclosed by the membranes of a microbody.
31908 glyoxysomal lumen C The volume enclosed by the membranes of a glyoxysome.
31910 cytostome C Stable, specialized structure for the ingestion of food by the cell into phagosomes.
31911 cytoproct C Stable, specialized structure for extrusion of waste by the cell into the surrounding medium.
31912 oral apparatus C Complex basket- or funnel-like structure used by the cell to collect food and channel it to the cytostome; includes specialized sub-structures made up of closely-spaced cilia and underlying basal bodies and fibrillar systems.
31913 contractile vacuole pore C Stable structure that regulates the flow of liquid between the contractile vacuole and the surrounding medium.
31914 negative regulation of synaptic plasticity P A process that decreases synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers.
31915 positive regulation of synaptic plasticity P A process that increases synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers.
31916 regulation of synaptic metaplasticity P A process that modulates synaptic metaplasticity. Metaplasticity is a higher-order form of plasticity and is manifest as a change in the ability to induce subsequent synaptic plasticity that is the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require.
31917 negative regulation of synaptic metaplasticity P A process that decreases synaptic metaplasticity. Metaplasticity is a higher-order form of plasticity and is manifest as a change in the ability to induce subsequent synaptic plasticity that is the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require.
31918 positive regulation of synaptic metaplasticity P A process that increases synaptic metaplasticity. Metaplasticity is a higher-order form of plasticity and is manifest as a change in the ability to induce subsequent synaptic plasticity that is the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require.
31919 vitamin B6 transport P The directed movement of any of the vitamin B6 compounds -- pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine and the active form, pyridoxal phosphate -- into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
31920 pyridoxal transport P The directed movement of pyridoxal into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Pyridoxal, 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, is one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate.
31921 pyridoxal phosphate transport P The directed movement of pyridoxal phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore; pyridoxal phosphate is pyridoxal phosphorylated at the hydroxymethyl group of C-5, and is the active form of vitamin B6.
31922 pyridoxamine transport P The directed movement of pyridoxamine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Pyridoxamine, 4-(aminomethyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol, is one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate.
31923 pyridoxine transport P The directed movement of pyridoxine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Pyridoxine, 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine, is one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate.
31924 vitamin B6 transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of any of the vitamin B6 compounds -- pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine and the active form, pyridoxal phosphate -- into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
31925 pyridoxal transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of pyridoxal across a membrane into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Pyridoxal, 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, is one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate.
31926 pyridoxal phosphate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of pyridoxal phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells; pyridoxal phosphate is pyridoxal phosphorylated at the hydroxymethyl group of C-5, and is the active form of vitamin B6.
31927 pyridoxamine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of pyridoxamine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Pyridoxamine, 4-(aminomethyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol, is one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate.
31928 pyridoxine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of pyridoxine across a membrane into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Pyridoxine, 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine, is one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate.
31929 TOR signaling P A series of molecular signals mediated by TOR (Target of rapamycin) proteins, members of the phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase related kinase (PIKK) family that act as serine/threonine kinases in response to nutrient availability or growth factors.
31930 mitochondria-nucleus signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals that forms a pathway of communication from the mitochondria to the nucleus and initiates cellular changes in response to changes in mitochondrial function.
31931 TORC1 complex C A protein complex that contains at least TOR (target of rapamycin) and Raptor (regulatory-associated protein of TOR), or orthologs of, in complex with other signaling components. Mediates the phosphorylation and activation of S6K. In Saccharomyces, the complex contains Kog1p, Lst8p, Tco89p, and either Tor1p or Tor2p.
31932 TORC2 complex C A protein complex that contains at least TOR (target of rapamycin) and Rictor (rapamycin-insensitive companion of TOR), or orthologs of, in complex with other signaling components. Mediates the phosphorylation and activation of PKB (also called AKT). In Saccharomyces, the complex contains Avo1p, Avo2p, Tsc11p, Lst8p, Bit61p, Slm1p, Slm2p, and Tor2p.
31933 telomeric heterochromatin C Heterochromatic regions of the chromosome found at the telomeres.
31934 mating-type region heterochromatin C Heterochromatic regions of the chromosome found at silenced mating-type loci.
31935 regulation of chromatin silencing P Any process that affects the rate, extent or location of chromatin silencing.
31936 negative regulation of chromatin silencing P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin silencing.
31937 positive regulation of chromatin silencing P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin silencing.
31938 regulation of chromatin silencing at telomere P Any process that affects the rate, extent or location of chromatin silencing at telomeres.
31939 negative regulation of chromatin silencing at telomere P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin silencing at telomeres.
31940 positive regulation of chromatin silencing at telomere P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin silencing at telomeres.
31941 filamentous actin C A two-stranded helical polymer of the protein actin.
31942 i-AAA complex C Protease complex of the mitochondrial inner membrane whose catalytic residues lie on the intermembrane space side of the inner membrane; involved in mitochondrial protein turnover. Contains a subunit belonging to the AAA family of ATP-dependent metalloproteases.
31943 regulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucocorticoids.
31944 negative regulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucocorticoids.
31945 positive regulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucocorticoids.
31946 regulation of glucocorticoid biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucocorticoids.
31947 negative regulation of glucocorticoid biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucocorticoids.
31948 positive regulation of glucocorticoid biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucocorticoids.
31949 regulation of glucocorticoid catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucocorticoids.
31950 negative regulation of glucocorticoid catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucocorticoids.
31951 positive regulation of glucocorticoid catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucocorticoids.
31952 regulation of protein autophosphorylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of the phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own residues.
31953 negative regulation of protein autophosphorylation P Any process that stops, prevents or decreases the rate of the phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own residues.
31954 positive regulation of protein autophosphorylation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own residues.
31955 short-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a short-chain carboxylic acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA; short-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with a chain length of less than C6.
31956 medium-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a medium-chain carboxylic acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA; a medium-chain fatty acid is any fatty acid with a chain length of between C6 and C12.
31957 very long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a very-long-chain carboxylic acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA; a very long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid which has a chain length greater than C22.
31958 corticosteroid receptor signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a corticosteroid binding to its receptor.
31959 mineralocorticoid receptor signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a mineralocorticoid binding to its receptor.
31960 response to corticosteroid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticosteroid hormone stimulus. A corticosteroid is a steroid hormone that is produced in the adrenal cortex. Corticosteroids are involved in a wide range of physiologic systems such as stress response, immune response and regulation of inflammation, carbohydrate metabolism, protein catabolism, blood electrolyte levels, and behavior. They include glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids.
31961 cortisol receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a cortisol receptor.
31962 mineralocorticoid receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a mineralocorticoid receptor.
31963 cortisol receptor activity F Combining with cortisol and transmitting the signal within the cell to trigger a change in cell activity or function.
31964 beta-alanyl-histamine hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-beta-alanyl histamine + H2O = histamine + beta-alanine.
31965 nuclear membrane C Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the nucleus and form the nuclear envelope; excludes the intermembrane space.
31966 mitochondrial membrane C Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the mitochondrion and form the mitochondrial envelope.
31967 organelle envelope C A double membrane structure enclosing an organelle, including two lipid bilayers and the region between them. In some cases, an organelle envelope may have more than two membranes.
31968 organelle outer membrane C The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing in a cellular organelle, lipid bilayer of an organelle envelope.
31969 chloroplast membrane C Either of the lipid bilayers that surround a chloroplast and form the chloroplast envelope.
31970 organelle envelope lumen C The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope.
31972 chloroplast intermembrane space C The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of a chloroplast envelope.
31973 chromoplast intermembrane space C The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of a chromoplast envelope.
31974 membrane-enclosed lumen C The enclosed volume within a sealed membrane or between two sealed membranes. Encompasses the volume enclosed by the membranes of a particular organelle, e.g. endoplasmic reticulum lumen, or the space between the two lipid bilayers of a double membrane surrounding an organelle, e.g. nuclear envelope lumen.
31975 envelope C A multilayered structure surrounding all or part of a cell; encompasses one or more lipid bilayers, and may include a cell wall layer; also includes the space between layers.
31976 plastid thylakoid C Any thylakoid within a plastid.
31977 thylakoid lumen C The volume enclosed by a thylakoid membrane.
31978 plastid thylakoid lumen C The volume enclosed by a plastid thylakoid membrane.
31979 plasma membrane-derived thylakoid lumen C The volume enclosed by a plasma membrane-derived thylakoid.
31981 nuclear lumen C The volume enclosed by the nuclear inner membrane.
31982 vesicle C Any small, fluid-filled, spherical organelle enclosed by membrane.
31983 vesicle lumen C The volume enclosed by the membrane or protein that forms a vesicle.
31984 organelle subcompartment C A compartment that consists of a lumen and an enclosing membrane, and is part of an organelle.
31985 Golgi cisterna C Any of the thin, flattened membrane-bounded compartments that form the central portion of the Golgi complex.
31986 proteinoplast C A leucoplast in which protein is stored.
31987 locomotion involved in locomotory behavior P Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement.
31989 bombesin receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a bombesin receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
31990 mRNA export from nucleus in response to heat stress P The directed movement of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm during a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for the organism; in particular, a process that enables an organism withstand exposure to temperatures that would otherwise lethally impair poly(A)+ mRNA-nucleus export.
31991 regulation of actomyosin contractile ring contraction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of contraction of the actomyosin ring involved in cytokinesis that takes place as part of a cell cycle.
31992 energy transducer activity F The biological transducer activity that accepts energy and converts it to another form, often by transfer to another molecule within the cell.
31993 light transducer activity F Absorbing energy from one or more photons and transferring their energy to another molecule, usually a protein, within the cell.
31994 insulin-like growth factor I binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with insulin-like growth factor I.
31995 insulin-like growth factor II binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with insulin-like growth factor II.
31996 thioesterase binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any thioesterase enzyme.
31997 N-terminal myristoylation domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the N-terminus of a protein that has the potential to be, or has been, modified by N-terminal myristoylation. Binding affinity is typically altered by myristoylation; for example, N-terminal myristoylation of HIV Nef increases its affinity for calmodulin.
31998 regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid bbeta-oxidation.
31999 negative regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid beta-oxidation.
32000 positive regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid beta-oxidation.
32001 1,4-alpha-glucan 6-alpha-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer an alpha-D-glucosyl residue in a (1->4)-alpha-D-glucan to the primary hydroxy group of glucose, free or combined in a (1->4)-alpha-D-glucan.
32002 interleukin-28 receptor complex C A protein complex that binds interleukin-28 and interleukin-29. It is composed of an alpha and a beta receptor subunit (in human IFNLR1/IL28Ralpha & IL10RB) and either Interleukin-28 (IFNL2 or IFNL3) or Interleukin-29 (IFNL1).
32003 interleukin-28 receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-28 receptor.
32005 signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion P The series of molecular signals that bring about the relay, amplification or dampening of a signal generated in response to a cue, such as starvation or pheromone exposure, in organisms that undergo conjugation with cellular fusion.
32006 regulation of TOR signaling P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of TOR signaling.
32007 negative regulation of TOR signaling P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of TOR signaling.
32008 positive regulation of TOR signaling P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of TOR signaling.
32009 early phagosome C A membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle as initially formed upon the ingestion of particulate material by phagocytosis.
32010 phagolysosome C A membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle formed by maturation of an early phagosome following the ingestion of particulate material by phagocytosis; during maturation, phagosomes acquire markers of late endosomes and lysosomes.
32011 ARF protein signal transduction P A series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the ARF family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state.
32012 regulation of ARF protein signal transduction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ARF protein signal transduction.
32013 negative regulation of ARF protein signal transduction P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ARF protein signal transduction.
32014 positive regulation of ARF protein signal transduction P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ARF protein signal transduction.
32015 regulation of Ran protein signal transduction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Ran protein signal transduction.
32016 negative regulation of Ran protein signal transduction P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Ran protein signal transduction.
32017 positive regulation of Ran protein signal transduction P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Ran protein signal transduction.
32018 2-methylbutanol:NADP oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylbutanol + NADP+ = 2-methylbutanal + NADPH + H+.
32019 mitochondrial cloud C A prominent mass in the cytoplasm of previtellogenic oocytes. The cloud contains both mitochondria and electron-dense granulofibrillar material (GFM) and is the source of germinal granule material.
32020 ISG15-protein conjugation P The covalent addition to a protein of ISG15, a ubiquitin-like protein.
32021 NELF complex C A complex of five proteins, designated NELF-A, -B, -C, -D, and -E in human, that can physically associate with RNP polymerase II to induce transcriptional pausing.
32022 multicellular pellicle formation P A process in which microorganisms produce an extracellular matrix and form multicellular aggregates at an air-liquid interface.
32023 trypsinogen activation P The proteolytic processing of trypsinogen to the active form, trypsin.
32024 positive regulation of insulin secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin.
32025 response to cobalt ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cobalt ion stimulus.
32026 response to magnesium ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a magnesium ion stimulus.
32027 myosin light chain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a light chain of a myosin complex.
32028 myosin head/neck binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the head/neck region of a myosin heavy chain.
32029 myosin tail binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the tail region of a myosin heavy chain.
32030 myosin I light chain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a light chain of a myosin I complex.
32031 myosin I head/neck binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the head/neck region of a myosin I heavy chain.
32032 myosin I tail binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the tail region of a myosin I heavy chain.
32033 myosin II light chain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a light chain of a myosin II complex.
32034 myosin II head/neck binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the head/neck region of a myosin II heavy chain.
32035 myosin II tail binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the tail region of a myosin II heavy chain.
32036 myosin heavy chain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a heavy chain of a myosin complex.
32037 myosin I heavy chain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a heavy chain of a myosin I complex.
32038 myosin II heavy chain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a heavy chain of a myosin II complex.
32039 integrator complex C A protein complex that stably associates with the C-terminus of RNA polymerase II and mediates 3'-end processing of small nuclear RNAs generated by RNA polymerase II.
32040 small-subunit processome C A large ribonucleoprotein complex that is an early preribosomal complex. In S. cerevisiae, it has a size of 80S and consists of the 35S pre-rRNA, early-associating ribosomal proteins most of which are part of the small ribosomal subunit, the U3 snoRNA and associated proteins.
32041 NAD-dependent histone deacetylase activity (H3-K14 specific) F Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 14) + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine (position 14) + acetate. This reaction requires the presence of NAD, and represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 14 of the histone H3 protein.
32042 mitochondrial DNA metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving mitochondrial DNA.
32043 mitochondrial DNA catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mitochondrial DNA.
32044 DSIF complex C A heterodimeric protein complex formed of Spt4 and Spt5 proteins which is expressed in eukaryotes from yeast to man. DSIF is an inhibitory elongation factor that promotes RNA polymerase II transcriptional pausing, but can also stimulate transcriptional elongation under certain conditions, and may play a role in RNA processing via its physical association with mRNA capping enzymes.
32045 guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor complex C A protein complex that stimulates the exchange of guanyl nucleotides associated with a GTPase.
32046 micropexophagy-specific membrane apparatus C A membrane-bounded flattened sac that is formed during micropexophagy between the membrane tips of an engulfing vacuole, completing the engulfment and sequestration of peroxisomes from the cytosol, and forming a micropexophagic body within the lumen of the vacuole.
32047 mitosome C A double-membrane-bounded organelle that functions in iron-sulfur protein maturation; evolutionarily derived from mitochondria. The mitosome has been detected only in anaerobic or microaerophilic organisms that do not have mitochondria, such as Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis and several species of Microsporidia. These organisms are not capable of gaining energy from oxidative phosphorylation, which is normally performed by mitochondria.
32048 cardiolipin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving cardiolipin, 1,3-bis(3-phosphatidyl)glycerol.
32049 cardiolipin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cardiolipin, 1,3-bis(3-phosphatidyl)glycerol.
32050 clathrin heavy chain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a clathrin heavy chain.
32051 clathrin light chain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a clathrin light chain.
32052 bile acid binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with bile acids, any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile.
32053 ciliary basal body organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a ciliary basal body, a short cylindrical array of microtubules and associated proteins found at the base of a eukaryotic cilium (also called flagellum).
32055 negative regulation of translation in response to stress P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.
32056 positive regulation of translation in response to stress P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.
32057 negative regulation of translational initiation in response to stress P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of translation initiation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.
32058 positive regulation of translational initiation in response to stress P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.
32059 bleb C A cell extension caused by localized decoupling of the cytoskeleton from the plasma membrane and characterized by rapid formation, rounded shape, and scarcity of organelles within the protrusion. Blebs are formed during apoptosis and other cellular processes, including cell locomotion, cell division, and as a result of physical or chemical stresses.
32060 bleb assembly P The assembly of a bleb, a cell extension caused by localized decoupling of the cytoskeleton from the plasma membrane and characterized by rapid formation, rounded shape, and scarcity of organelles within the protrusion. Plasma membrane blebbing occurs during apoptosis and other cellular processes, including cell locomotion, cell division, and as a result of physical or chemical stresses.
32061 negative regulation of translation in response to osmotic stress P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell.
32062 positive regulation of translation in response to osmotic stress P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell.
32063 negative regulation of translational initiation in response to osmotic stress P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of translation initiation, as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell.
32064 positive regulation of translational initiation in response to osmotic stress P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation, as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell.
32065 cortical protein anchoring P A process in which a protein or protein complex is maintained in a specific location in the cell cortex.
32066 nucleolus to nucleoplasm transport P The directed movement of substances from the nucleolus to the nucleoplasm.
32067 Type IV site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity F Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA in a site specific manner. Cleavage is dependent on the presence of a specific recognition site in the DNA which must be modified (e.g. methylated, hydroxymethylated, glucosyl-hydroxymethylated).
32068 Type IV site-specific deoxyribonuclease complex C A complex consisting of two proteins which acts as an endonuclease in DNA sequences containing a specific modified recognition site. Modifications may include methylation, hydroxymethylation, and glucosyl-hydroxymethylation.
32069 regulation of nuclease activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids.
32070 regulation of deoxyribonuclease activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of deoxyribonuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid.
32071 regulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endodeoxyribonuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks.
32072 regulation of restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity, the catalysis of endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA in a site-specific manner, resulting in double-strand breaks.
32073 negative regulation of restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity P Any process that stops or reduces the rate of a restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity, the catalysis of endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA in a site-specific manner, resulting in double-strand breaks.
32074 negative regulation of nuclease activity P Any process that stops or reduces the rate of nuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids.
32075 positive regulation of nuclease activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids.
32076 negative regulation of deoxyribonuclease activity P Any process that stops or reduces the rate of deoxyribonuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid.
32077 positive regulation of deoxyribonuclease activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of deoxyribonuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid.
32078 negative regulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity P Any process that stops or reduces the rate of endodeoxyribonuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks.
32079 positive regulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endodeoxyribonuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks.
32080 negative regulation of Type I site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity P Any process that stops or reduces the rate of Type I restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity.
32081 negative regulation of Type II site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity P Any process that stops or reduces the rate of Type II restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity.
32082 negative regulation of Type III site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity P Any process that stops or reduces the rate of Type III restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity.
32083 negative regulation of Type IV site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity P Any process that stops or reduces the rate of Type IV restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity.
32084 regulation of Type I site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a Type I restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity.
32085 regulation of Type II site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a Type II restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity.
32086 regulation of Type III site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a Type III restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity.
32087 regulation of Type IV site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a Type IV restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity.
32088 negative regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the transcription factor NF-kappaB.
32089 NACHT domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a NACHT (NAIP, CIITA, HET-E and TP1) domain. The NACHT domain consists of seven distinct conserved motifs, including an ATP/GTPase specific P-loop, a Mg(2+)-binding site and five more specific motifs.
32090 Pyrin domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a Pyrin (PAAD/DAPIN) domain, a protein-protein interaction domain that has the same fold as the Death domain.
32091 negative regulation of protein binding P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding.
32092 positive regulation of protein binding P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding.
32093 SAM domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a SAM (Sterile Alpha Motif) domain, which is a 70-amino acid protein sequence that participates in protein-protein, protein-lipid, and protein-RNA interactions and is conserved from lower to higher eukaryotes.
32094 response to food P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a food stimulus; food is anything which, when taken into the body, serves to nourish or build up the tissues or to supply body heat.
32095 regulation of response to food P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a food stimulus.
32096 negative regulation of response to food P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a food stimulus.
32097 positive regulation of response to food P Any process that activates, maintains, or increases the rate of a response to a food stimulus.
32098 regulation of appetite P Any process which modulates appetite, the desire or physical craving for food.
32099 negative regulation of appetite P Any process that reduces appetite.
32100 positive regulation of appetite P Any process that increases appetite.
32101 regulation of response to external stimulus P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an external stimulus.
32102 negative regulation of response to external stimulus P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an external stimulus.
32103 positive regulation of response to external stimulus P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to an external stimulus.
32104 regulation of response to extracellular stimulus P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an extracellular stimulus.
32105 negative regulation of response to extracellular stimulus P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an extracellular stimulus.
32106 positive regulation of response to extracellular stimulus P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to an extracellular stimulus.
32107 regulation of response to nutrient levels P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to nutrient levels.
32108 negative regulation of response to nutrient levels P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to nutrient levels.
32109 positive regulation of response to nutrient levels P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a response to nutrient levels.
32110 regulation of protein histidine kinase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein histidine kinase activity.
32111 activation of protein histidine kinase activity P Any process that initiates the activity of an inactive protein histidine kinase.
32112 negative regulation of protein histidine kinase activity P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein histidine kinase activity.
32113 regulation of carbohydrate phosphatase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of carbohydrate phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphate from a carbohydrate phosphate.
32114 regulation of glucose-6-phosphatase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucose-6-phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucose + phosphate.
32115 sorbose reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucitol + NADP(+) = L-sorbose + H(+) + NADPH. The reaction may occur, to a minor extent, in the reverse direction.
32116 SMC loading complex C A protein complex required for the loading of a structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) complex, such as cohesin, condensin or SMC5/SMC6, onto DNA. Appears to be eukaryotically conserved.
32117 horsetail-astral microtubule array C An array of astral microtubules that emanates from the spindle pole body during meiosis and facilitates horsetail nuclear movement.
32118 horsetail-astral microtubule organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the horsetail-astral array, a structure of astral microtubules that emanates from the spindle pole body during meiosis.
32119 sequestering of zinc ion P The process of binding or confining zinc ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.
32120 ascospore-type prospore membrane assembly P The process in which the nascent membrane forms at the meiotic outer plaque and grows until closure occurs and forespores, or prospores, are formed.
32121 meiotic attachment of telomeric heterochromatin to spindle pole body P The meiotic cell cycle process in which physical connections are formed between telomeric heterochromatin and the spindle pole body, facilitating bouquet formation.
32122 oral apparatus organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the oral apparatus. The oral apparatus is a funnel-like structure used by the cell to collect food and channel it to the cytostome, characteristic of ciliate protozoans.
32123 deep fiber C Inward projections of the cytoskeletal structures of the oral apparatus, which form a fiber that extends past the cytostome into the cytoplasm.
32124 macronucleus organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the macronucleus.
32125 micronucleus organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the micronucleus.
32126 eisosome C A cell part that is composed of the eisosome membrane or MCC domain, a furrow-like plasma membrane sub-domain and associated integral transmembrane proteins, and the proteins (eisosome filaments) that form a scaffolding lattice on the cytoplasmic face. Eisosomes broadly affect overall plasma membrane organization.
32127 dense core granule membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a dense core granule.
32128 flocculation via extracellular polymer P Non-sexual aggregation of single-celled organisms mediated by polymers (polysaccharides, proteins, and/or nucleic acids) secreted into the extracellular environment.
32129 histone deacetylase activity (H3-K9 specific) F Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 9) + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine (position 9) + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 9 of the histone H3 protein.
32130 medial membrane band assembly P The assembly of a sterol-rich region of the plasma membrane at the cell surface overlying the contractile ring.
32131 alkylated DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with alkylated residues in DNA.
32132 O6-alkylguanine-DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with O6-alkylguanine adducts in DNA.
32133 chromosome passenger complex C A eukaryotically conserved protein complex that localizes to kinetochores in early mitosis, the spindle mid-zone in anaphase B and to the telophase midbody. It has been proposed that the passenger complex coordinates various events based on its location to different structures during the course of mitosis. Complex members include the BIR-domain-containing protein Survivin, Aurora kinase, INCENP and Borealin.
32135 DNA insertion or deletion binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded DNA containing insertions or deletions.
32136 adenine/cytosine mispair binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded DNA containing an A/C mispair.
32137 guanine/thymine mispair binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded DNA containing a G/T mispair.
32138 single base insertion or deletion binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded DNA containing a single base insertion or deletion.
32139 dinucleotide insertion or deletion binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded DNA containing a dinucleotide insertion or deletion.
32140 single adenine insertion binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded DNA containing a single adenine insertion or a deletion that results in an unpaired adenine.
32141 single cytosine insertion binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded DNA containing a single cytosine insertion or a deletion that results in an unpaired cytosine.
32142 single guanine insertion binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded DNA containing a single guanine insertion or a deletion that results in an unpaired guanine.
32143 single thymine insertion binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded DNA containing a single thymine insertion or a deletion that results in an unpaired thymine.
32144 4-aminobutyrate transaminase complex C A homodimeric protein complex that possesses 4-aminobutyrate transaminase activity.
32145 succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase.
32146 ATPase-coupled thiosulfate transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + thiosulfate(out) = ADP + phosphate + thiosulfate(in).
32147 activation of protein kinase activity P Any process that initiates the activity of an inactive protein kinase.
32148 activation of protein kinase B activity P Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme protein kinase B.
32149 response to rhamnose P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a rhamnose stimulus.
32150 ubiquinone biosynthetic process from chorismate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, beginning with the conversion of chorismate to 4-hydroxybenzoate.
32151 mitotic septin complex C A heterooligomeric septin complex that acts during mitotic cell division.
32152 meiotic septin complex C A heterooligomeric septin complex that acts during meiotic cell division.
32153 cell division site C The eventual plane of cell division (also known as cell cleavage or cytokinesis) in a dividing cell. In Eukaryotes, the cleavage apparatus, composed of septin structures and the actomyosin contractile ring, forms along this plane, and the mitotic, or meiotic, spindle is aligned perpendicular to the division plane. In bacteria, the cell division site is generally located at mid-cell and is the site at which the cytoskeletal structure, the Z-ring, assembles.
32154 cleavage furrow C The cleavage furrow is a plasma membrane invagination at the cell division site. The cleavage furrow begins as a shallow groove and eventually deepens to divide the cytoplasm.
32155 cell division site part C Any constituent part of the cell division plane, the eventual plane of cell division in a dividing cell.
32156 septin cytoskeleton C The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of septins and associated proteins. Includes septin cytoskeleton-associated complexes.
32157 prospore contractile ring C A contractile ring, i.e. a cytoskeletal structure composed of actin filaments and myosin, that forms beneath the plasma membrane of the prospore envelope in meiotic cells in preparation for completing cytokinesis.
32158 septin band C A diffuse ring composed of a series of septin bars that run parallel to the long axis of the cell. This type of septin structure has been observed in a number of locations associated with polarized grown and/or deposition of new membrane, but not with cytokinesis, such as at the shmoo (mating projection) neck, at the junction between the mother cell and the germ tube (hypha) of a fungal cell growing filamentously.
32159 septin cap C A faint structure formed of septins found at the leading edge of growth in germ tubes and hyphae in fungal cells growing filamentously. This cap of septins colocalizes with a region of the plasma membrane that is rich in ergosterol.
32160 septin filament array C Arrays of septin filaments, or bars, found in a series of filamentous structures. Such structures have been observed in the prospore membrane during spore formation in S. cerevisiae and in the chlamydospore membrane during chlamydospore formation in C. albicans.
32161 cleavage apparatus septin structure C Any of a series of structures composed of septins and septin-associated proteins localized to the cleavage plane which are involved in cytokinesis.
32162 mating projection septin band C A septin band, i.e. a diffuse ring composed of a series of septin bars running parallel to the long axis of the cell, located at the neck of a shmoo (mating projection).
32163 hyphal septin band C A septin band, i.e. a diffuse ring composed of a series of septin bars running parallel to the long axis of the cell, located at the junction between the mother cell and the germ tube (hypha) of a fungal cell growing filamentously.
32164 hyphal septin cap C A faint structure formed of septins found at the leading edge of growth in hyphae of fungal cells growing filamentously. This cap of septins colocalizes with a region of the plasma membrane that is rich in ergosterol.
32165 prospore septin filament array C Arrays of septin filaments, or bars, found in a series of filamentous structures; observed in the prospore membrane during spore formation.
32166 chlamydospore septin filament array C Arrays of septin filaments, or bars, found in a series of filamentous structures. Observed in the chlamydospore membrane during chlamydospore formation.
32168 hyphal septin ring C A tight ring-shaped structure that forms in the division plane within hyphae of filamentous fungi at sites where a septum will form; composed of septins as well as septin-associated proteins.
32169 prospore septin ring C A tight ring-shaped structure that forms in the division plane at the site of cytokinesis in a prospore; composed of septins as well as septin-associated proteins.
32170 pseudohyphal septin ring C A tight ring-shaped structure that forms in the division plane at the junction between the mother cell and a pseudohyphal projection; composed of septins as well as septin-associated proteins.
32171 germ tube septin cap C A faint structure formed of septins found at the leading edge of growth in germ tubes of fungal cells growing filamentously. This cap of septins colocalizes with a region of the plasma membrane that is rich in ergosterol.
32172 germ tube septin ring C A tight ring-shaped structure that forms in the division plane within the germ tube of filamentous fungi at sites where a septum will form; composed of septins as well as septin-associated proteins.
32173 septin collar C A tubular, hourglass-shaped structure composed of highly ordered arrays of septin filaments; in budding yeast cells, the septin collar forms from the initial septin ring by expanding into the daughter cell.
32174 cellular bud neck septin collar C A tubular structure with flared ends, shaped like an hourglass and composed of highly ordered arrays of septin filaments, that forms at the bud neck of a dividing cell. In S. cerevisiae, this structure is located at the bud neck throughout most of the cell cycle and the septins are fixed within the structure, not exchanging with soluble septins. This septin structure acts as a scaffold for other proteins that function at the bud neck.
32175 mating projection septin ring C A septin ring, i.e. a ring-shaped structure composed of septins and septin-associated proteins, located at the neck of a shmoo (mating projection). The septin ring in the neck of a shmoo may act as a barrier to localize mating factors in the shmoo tip.
32176 split septin rings C A pair of rings that flank the site of cell division, formed by splitting of the septin ring (or collar) prior to cytokinesis; this double ring structure is thought to trap proteins needed for cytokinesis or the formation of the new membrane or cell wall between the two septin rings. Split septin rings are known to occur in budding yeast cells and probably occur in other cell types as well.
32177 cellular bud neck split septin rings C Two separate septin rings that are formed from the septin collar at the time of cytokinesis in cells that divide by budding. These two rings are thought to delineate a special compartment in which factors involved in cytokinesis are concentrated.
32178 medial membrane band C A sterol-rich region of the plasma membrane which forms at the cell surface overlying the contractile ring and spreads into the invaginating plasma membrane surrounding the septum.
32179 germ tube C The slender tubular outgrowth first produced by most spores in germination.
32180 ubiquinone biosynthetic process from tyrosine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, beginning with the conversion of tyrosine to 4-hydroxybenzoate.
32181 dinucleotide repeat insertion binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded DNA containing a dinucleotide repeat insertion or a deletion resulting in unpaired dinucleotide repeats.
32182 ubiquitin-like protein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a small conjugating protein such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein.
32183 SUMO binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the small ubiquitin-like protein SUMO.
32184 SUMO polymer binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a polymer of the small ubiquitin-like protein SUMO.
32185 septin cytoskeleton organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising septin complexes and their associated proteins.
32186 cellular bud neck septin ring organization P Control of the formation, spatial distribution, and breakdown of a septin ring located at the bud neck.
32187 actomyosin contractile ring localization P The process in which a contractile ring is assembled and/or maintained in a specific location, in the context of cytokinesis that takes place as part of a cell cycle.
32188 establishment of actomyosin contractile ring localization P The process in which a contractile ring is assembled in a specific location as part of a process of cell cycle cytokinesis.
32189 maintenance of actomyosin contractile ring localization P Any process in which an actomyosin contractile ring is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere.
32190 acrosin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with acrosin, a protein that is found in the acrosomes of sperm and possesses protease and carbohydrate binding activities.
32193 ubiquinone biosynthetic process via 2-polyprenylphenol P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, via the intermediates 2-polyprenylphenol and 2-polyprenyl-6-hydroxyphenol.
32194 ubiquinone biosynthetic process via 3,4-dihydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, via the intermediates 3,4-dihydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoate and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoate.
32195 post-lysosomal vacuole C A membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle formed late in the endocytic pathway when the pH in the vacuole becomes neutral prior to exocytosis.
32196 transposition P Any process involved in mediating the movement of discrete segments of DNA between nonhomologous sites.
32197 transposition, RNA-mediated P Any process involved in a type of transpositional recombination which occurs via an RNA intermediate.
32198 MITE transposition P Any process involved in the transposition of miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITEs).
32199 reverse transcription involved in RNA-mediated transposition P The synthesis of DNA from an RNA transposon intermediate.
32200 telomere organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of telomeres, terminal regions of a linear chromosome that include the telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins.
32201 telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication P The process in which telomeric DNA is synthesized semi-conservatively by the conventional replication machinery and telomeric accessory factors as part of cell cycle DNA replication.
32202 telomere assembly P A cellular process that results in the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a telomere at a non-telomeric double-stranded DNA end. A telomere is a terminal region of a linear chromosome that includes telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins.
32203 telomere formation via telomerase P A cellular process that results in the formation of a telomere at a non-telomeric double-stranded DNA end that involves the activity of a telomerase enzyme.
32204 regulation of telomere maintenance P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process that affects and monitors the activity of telomeric proteins and the length of telomeric DNA.
32205 negative regulation of telomere maintenance P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process that affects and monitors the activity of telomeric proteins and the length of telomeric DNA.
32206 positive regulation of telomere maintenance P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process that affects and monitors the activity of telomeric proteins and the length of telomeric DNA.
32207 regulation of telomere maintenance via recombination P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a recombinational process involved in the maintenance of proper telomeric length.
32208 negative regulation of telomere maintenance via recombination P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a recombinational process involved in the maintenance of proper telomeric length.
32209 positive regulation of telomere maintenance via recombination P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a recombinational process involved in the maintenance of proper telomeric length.
32210 regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase.
32211 negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase.
32212 positive regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase.
32213 regulation of telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the semi-conservative replication of telomeric DNA.
32214 negative regulation of telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the semi-conservative replication of telomeric DNA.
32215 positive regulation of telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the semi-conservative replication of telomeric DNA.
32216 glucosaminyl-phosphotidylinositol O-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glucosaminyl-phosphotidylinositol + fatty acyl-CoA = glucosaminyl-acyl-phosphotidylinositol + CoA.
32217 riboflavin transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of riboflavin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is a water-soluble B-complex vitamin, converted in the cell to FMN and FAD, cofactors required for the function of flavoproteins.
32218 riboflavin transport P The directed movement of riboflavin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is a water-soluble B-complex vitamin, converted in the cell to FMN and FAD, cofactors required for the function of flavoproteins.
32219 cell wall macromolecule catabolic process involved in cytogamy P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of macromolecules forming part of a cell wall that contribute to cytogamy.
32220 plasma membrane fusion involved in cytogamy P The joining of two or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround cells, that contributes to cytogamy.
32221 Rpd3S complex C A eukaryotically conserved histone deacetylase complex which deacetylates histones preferentially in promoter regions. Composed of a catalytic histone deacetylase subunit, a chromodomain protein, a SIN3 family co-repressor, and a WD repeat protein (Clr6p, Alp13p, Pst2p, and Prw1p respectively in Schizosaccharomyces; Rpd3p, Sin3p, Ume1p, Rco1p and Eaf3 in Saccharomyces; homologs thereof in other species).
32222 regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
32223 negative regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
32224 positive regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
32225 regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dopaminergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter dopamine.
32226 positive regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dopaminergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter dopamine.
32227 negative regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dopaminergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter dopamine.
32228 regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of GABAergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
32229 negative regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of GABAergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
32230 positive regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of GABAergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
32231 regulation of actin filament bundle assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of actin filament bundles.
32232 negative regulation of actin filament bundle assembly P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of actin filament bundles.
32233 positive regulation of actin filament bundle assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of actin filament bundles.
32237 activation of store-operated calcium channel activity P A process that initiates the activity of an inactive store-operated calcium channel.
32238 adenosine transport P The directed movement of adenosine, adenine riboside, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
32239 regulation of nucleobase-containing compound transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
32240 negative regulation of nucleobase-containing compound transport P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
32241 positive regulation of nucleobase-containing compound transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
32242 regulation of nucleoside transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a nucleoside into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
32243 negative regulation of nucleoside transport P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a nucleoside into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
32244 positive regulation of nucleoside transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a nucleoside into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
32245 regulation of purine nucleoside transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a purine nucleoside into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
32246 regulation of pyrimidine nucleoside transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a pyrimidine nucleoside into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
32247 negative regulation of purine nucleoside transport P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a purine nucleoside into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
32248 positive regulation of purine nucleoside transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a purine nucleoside into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
32249 regulation of adenosine transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of adenosine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
32250 negative regulation of adenosine transport P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of adenosine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
32251 positive regulation of adenosine transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of adenosine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
32252 secretory granule localization P Any process in which a secretory granule is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.
32253 dense core granule localization P Any process in which a dense core granule is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.
32254 establishment of secretory granule localization P The directed movement of a secretory granule to a specific location.
32255 maintenance of secretory granule location P Any process in which a secretory granule is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
32256 establishment of dense core granule localization P The directed movement of a dense core granule to a specific location.
32257 maintenance of dense core granule location P Any process in which a dense core granule is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
32258 CVT pathway P A constitutive biosynthetic process that occurs under nutrient-rich conditions, in which two resident vacuolar hydrolases, aminopeptidase I and alpha-mannosidase, are sequestered into vesicles; these vesicles are transported to, and then fuse with, the vacuole. This pathway is mostly observed in yeast.
32259 methylation P The process in which a methyl group is covalently attached to a molecule.
32260 response to jasmonic acid stimulus involved in jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a jasmonic acid stimulus received in the context of the jasmonic acid- and ethylene (ethene)-dependent process that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease in response to wounding or a pathogen.
32261 purine nucleotide salvage P Any process which produces a purine nucleotide from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
32262 pyrimidine nucleotide salvage P Any process which produces a pyrimidine nucleotide from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
32263 GMP salvage P Any process which produces guanosine monophosphate from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
32264 IMP salvage P Any process which produces inosine monophosphate from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
32265 XMP salvage P Any process which produces xanthosine monophosphate from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
32266 phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 3' position.
32267 tRNA(Ile)-lysidine synthase activity F Catalysis of the ligation of lysine onto the cytidine residue present at the wobble position (usually position 34) of an AUA-specific isoleucine tRNA, to form the derivative lysidine. This modification converts both the codon specificity of tRNA(Ile) from AUG to AUA and its amino acid specificity from methionine to isoleucine.
32268 regulation of cellular protein metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein, occurring at the level of an individual cell.
32269 negative regulation of cellular protein metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein, occurring at the level of an individual cell.
32270 positive regulation of cellular protein metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein, occurring at the level of an individual cell.
32271 regulation of protein polymerization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process of creating protein polymers.
32272 negative regulation of protein polymerization P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the process of creating protein polymers.
32273 positive regulation of protein polymerization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process of creating protein polymers.
32274 gonadotropin secretion P The regulated release of a gonadotropin, any hormone that stimulates the gonads, especially follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone.
32275 luteinizing hormone secretion P The regulated release of luteinizing hormone, a gonadotropic glycoprotein hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary.
32276 regulation of gonadotropin secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a gonadotropin.
32277 negative regulation of gonadotropin secretion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a gonadotropin.
32278 positive regulation of gonadotropin secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a gonadotropin.
32279 asymmetric synapse C A type of synapse occurring between an axon and a dendritic spine or dendritic shaft. Asymmetric synapses, the most abundant synapse type in the central nervous system, involve axons that contain predominantly spherical vesicles and contain a thickened postsynaptic density. Most or all synapses of this type are excitatory.
32280 symmetric synapse C A synapse that lacks an electron dense postsynaptic specialization. In vertebtrates, these occur primarily on dendrite shafts and neuronal cell bodies and involve persynapses containing clusters of predominantly flattened or elongated vesicles and are typcially inhibitory.
32281 AMPA glutamate receptor complex C An assembly of four or five subunits which form a structure with an extracellular N-terminus and a large loop that together form the ligand binding domain. The C-terminus is intracellular. The ionotropic glutamate receptor complex itself acts as a ligand gated ion channel; on binding glutamate, charged ions pass through a channel in the center of the receptor complex. The AMPA receptors mediate fast synaptic transmission in the CNS and are composed of subunits GluR1-4, products from separate genes. These subunits have an extracellular N-terminus and an intracellular C-terminus.
32282 plastid acetyl-CoA carboxylase complex C An acetyl-CoA carboxylase complex located in the stroma of a plastid.
32283 plastid acetate CoA-transferase complex C An acetate CoA-transferase complex located in the stroma of a plastid.
32284 plastid biotin carboxylase complex C A biotin carboxylase complex located in the stroma of a plastid.
32285 non-myelinated axon ensheathment P The process in which a non-myelinating glial cell membrane closes around an axon.
32286 central nervous system myelin maintenance P The process in which the structure and material content of mature central nervous system myelin is kept in a functional state.
32287 peripheral nervous system myelin maintenance P The process in which the structure and material content of mature peripheral nervous system myelin is kept in a functional state.
32288 myelin assembly P The process in which the wraps of cell membrane that constitute myelin are laid down around an axon in the central or peripheral nervous system.
32289 central nervous system myelin formation P The process in which the wraps of cell membrane that constitute myelin are laid down around an axon by an oligodendrocyte in the central nervous system.
32290 peripheral nervous system myelin formation P The process in which the wraps of cell membrane that constitute myelin are laid down around an axon by an oligodendrocyte in the peripheral nervous system.
32291 axon ensheathment in central nervous system P The process in which a glial cell membrane closes around an axon in the central nervous system. This can be a myelinating or a non-myelinating neuron-glial interaction.
32292 peripheral nervous system axon ensheathment P The process in which a Schwann cell membrane closes around an axon in the peripheral nervous system. This can be a myelinating or a non-myelinating neuron-glial interaction.
32293 non-myelinated axon ensheathment in central nervous system P The process in which a non-myelinating glial cell membrane encircles an axon in the central nervous system.
32294 peripheral nervous system non-myelinated axon ensheathment P The process in which a non-myelinating Schwann cell membrane encircles an axon in the peripheral nervous system. A single non-myelinating Schwann cell will typically associate with multiple axons.
32295 ensheathment of neuronal cell bodies P The process in which satellite glial cells isolate neuronal cell bodies.
32296 double-stranded RNA-specific ribonuclease activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds in double-stranded RNA molecules.
32297 negative regulation of DNA-dependent DNA replication initiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of initiation of DNA-dependent DNA replication.
32298 positive regulation of DNA-dependent DNA replication initiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of initiation of DNA-dependent DNA replication.
32299 ribonuclease H2 complex C A protein complex that possesses ribonuclease H activity, in which the catalytic subunit is a member of the RNase H2 (or HII) class. For example, in Saccharomyces the complex contains Rnh201p, Rnh202p and Rnh203p.
32300 mismatch repair complex C Any complex formed of proteins that act in mismatch repair.
32301 MutSalpha complex C A heterodimer involved in the recognition and repair of base-base and small insertion/deletion mismatches. In human the complex consists of two subunits, MSH2 and MSH6.
32302 MutSbeta complex C A heterodimer involved in binding to and correcting insertion/deletion mutations. In human the complex consists of two subunits, MSH2 and MSH3.
32303 regulation of icosanoid secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of an icosanoid from a cell.
32304 negative regulation of icosanoid secretion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of an icosanoid from a cell.
32305 positive regulation of icosanoid secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of an icosanoid from a cell.
32306 regulation of prostaglandin secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a prostaglandin from a cell.
32307 negative regulation of prostaglandin secretion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a prostaglandin from a cell.
32308 positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a prostaglandin from a cell.
32309 icosanoid secretion P The controlled release of icosanoids, any of a group of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids from a cell or a tissue.
32310 prostaglandin secretion P The regulated release of a prostaglandin, any of a group of biologically active metabolites which contain a cyclopentane ring, from a cell or a tissue.
32311 angiogenin-PRI complex C A stable heterodimer of angiogenin and placental ribonuclease inhibitor; interaction between angiogenin and PRI prevents angiogenin binding to its receptor to stimulate angiogenesis.
32322 ubiquinone catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ubiquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme.
32323 lipoate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipoate.
32324 molybdopterin cofactor biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the molybdopterin cofactor (Moco), essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes, e.g. sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo-molybdopterin) or tungsten ion (W-molybdopterin) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.
32325 molybdopterin cofactor catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the molybdopterin cofactor (Moco), essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes, e.g. sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo-molybdopterin) or tungsten ion (W-molybdopterin) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.
32326 Mo-molybdopterin cofactor catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the Mo-molybdopterin cofactor, essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo) ion coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.
32327 W-molybdopterin cofactor catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the W-molybdopterin cofactor, essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear tungsten ion (W) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.
32328 alanine transport P The directed movement of alanine, 2-aminopropanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
32329 serine transport P The directed movement of L-serine, 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
32330 regulation of chondrocyte differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte differentiation.
32331 negative regulation of chondrocyte differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte differentiation.
32332 positive regulation of chondrocyte differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte differentiation.
32333 activin secretion P The regulated release of activin, a nonsteroidal regulator composed of two covalently linked beta subunits, which is synthesized in the pituitary gland and gonads and stimulates the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone.
32334 inhibin secretion P The regulated release of an inhibin, either of two glycoproteins (designated A and B), secreted by the gonads and present in seminal plasma and follicular fluid, that inhibit pituitary production of follicle-stimulating hormone.
32335 regulation of activin secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of activin from a cell.
32336 negative regulation of activin secretion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of activin from a cell.
32337 positive regulation of activin secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of activin from a cell.
32338 regulation of inhibin secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of inhibin from a cell.
32339 negative regulation of inhibin secretion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of inhibin from a cell.
32340 positive regulation of inhibin secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of inhibin from a cell.
32341 aldosterone metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving aldosterone, a corticosteroid hormone that is produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex and regulates salt (sodium and potassium) and water balance.
32342 aldosterone biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aldosterone, a corticosteroid hormone that is produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex and regulates salt (sodium and potassium) and water balance.
32343 aldosterone catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aldosterone, a corticosteroid hormone that is produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex and regulates salt (sodium and potassium) and water balance.
32344 regulation of aldosterone metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving aldosterone.
32345 negative regulation of aldosterone metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving aldosterone.
32346 positive regulation of aldosterone metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving aldosterone.
32347 regulation of aldosterone biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aldosterone.
32348 negative regulation of aldosterone biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aldosterone.
32349 positive regulation of aldosterone biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aldosterone.
32350 regulation of hormone metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone.
32351 negative regulation of hormone metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone.
32352 positive regulation of hormone metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone.
32353 negative regulation of hormone biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hormones.
32354 response to follicle-stimulating hormone P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus.
32355 response to estradiol P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by estradiol, a C18 steroid hormone hydroxylated at C3 and C17 that acts as a potent estrogen.
32356 oxidized DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with oxidized residues in DNA.
32357 oxidized purine DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with oxidized purine residues in DNA.
32358 oxidized pyrimidine DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with oxidized pyrimidine residues in DNA.
32359 provirus excision P The molecular events that lead to the excision of a viral genome from the host genome.
32361 pyridoxal phosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyridoxal phosphate, pyridoxal phosphorylated at the hydroxymethyl group of C-5, the active form of vitamin B6.
32363 FMN catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of FMN, riboflavin 5'-(dihydrogen phosphate), a coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH dehydrogenase.
32364 oxygen homeostasis P A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of oxygen within an organism or cell.
32365 intracellular lipid transport P The directed movement of lipids within cells.
32366 intracellular sterol transport P The directed movement of sterols within cells.
32367 intracellular cholesterol transport P The directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, within cells.
32368 regulation of lipid transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
32369 negative regulation of lipid transport P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
32370 positive regulation of lipid transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
32371 regulation of sterol transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sterols into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
32372 negative regulation of sterol transport P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sterols into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
32373 positive regulation of sterol transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sterols into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
32374 regulation of cholesterol transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of cholesterol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
32375 negative regulation of cholesterol transport P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of cholesterol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
32376 positive regulation of cholesterol transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of cholesterol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
32377 regulation of intracellular lipid transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids within cells.
32378 negative regulation of intracellular lipid transport P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids within cells.
32379 positive regulation of intracellular lipid transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids within cells.
32380 regulation of intracellular sterol transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sterols within cells.
32381 negative regulation of intracellular sterol transport P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sterols within cells.
32382 positive regulation of intracellular sterol transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sterols within cells.
32383 regulation of intracellular cholesterol transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of cholesterol within cells.
32384 negative regulation of intracellular cholesterol transport P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of cholesterol within cells.
32385 positive regulation of intracellular cholesterol transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of cholesterol within cells.
32386 regulation of intracellular transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within cells.
32387 negative regulation of intracellular transport P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within cells.
32388 positive regulation of intracellular transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within cells.
32389 MutLalpha complex C A heterodimer involved in the recognition of base-base and small insertion/deletion mismatches. In human the complex consists of two subunits, MLH1 and PMS2.
32390 MutLbeta complex C A heterodimer involved in the recognition of base-base and small insertion/deletion mismatches. In human the complex consists of two subunits, MLH1 and PMS1.
32391 photoreceptor connecting cilium C The portion of the photoreceptor cell cilium linking the photoreceptor inner and outer segments. It's considered to be equivalent to the ciliary transition zone.
32392 DNA geometric change P The process in which a transformation is induced in the geometry of a DNA double helix, resulting in a change in twist, writhe, or both, but with no change in linking number. Includes the unwinding of double-stranded DNA by helicases.
32393 MHC class I receptor activity F Combining with an MHC class I protein complex to initiate a change in cellular activity. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.
32394 MHC class Ib receptor activity F Combining with an MHC class Ib protein complex and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the CD1 or HLA-E gene families.
32395 MHC class II receptor activity F Combining with an MHC class II protein complex and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
32396 inhibitory MHC class I receptor activity F Combining with a MHC class I protein complex to mediate signaling that inhibits activation of a lymphocyte.
32397 activating MHC class I receptor activity F Combining with a MHC class I protein complex to mediate signaling that activates a lymphocyte.
32398 MHC class Ib protein complex C A transmembrane protein complex composed of a MHC class Ib alpha chain and, in most cases, an invariant beta2-microglobin chain, and with or without a bound peptide or lipid antigen. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the CD1 or HLA-E gene families.
32399 HECT domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a HECT, 'Homologous to the E6-AP Carboxyl Terminus', domain of a protein.
32400 melanosome localization P Any process in which a melanosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.
32401 establishment of melanosome localization P The directed movement of a melanosome to a specific location.
32402 melanosome transport P The directed movement of melanosomes into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
32403 protein complex binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
32404 mismatch repair complex binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a mismatch repair complex.
32405 MutLalpha complex binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the mismatch repair complex MutLalpha.
32406 MutLbeta complex binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the mismatch repair complex MutLbeta.
32407 MutSalpha complex binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the mismatch repair complex MutSalpha.
32408 MutSbeta complex binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the mismatch repair complex MutSbeta.
32409 regulation of transporter activity P Any process that modulates the activity of a transporter.
32410 negative regulation of transporter activity P Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a transporter.
32411 positive regulation of transporter activity P Any process that activates or increases the activity of a transporter.
32412 regulation of ion transmembrane transporter activity P Any process that modulates the activity of an ion transporter.
32413 negative regulation of ion transmembrane transporter activity P Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an ion transporter.
32414 positive regulation of ion transmembrane transporter activity P Any process that activates or increases the activity of an ion transporter.
32415 regulation of sodium:proton antiporter activity P Any process that modulates the activity of a sodium:hydrogen antiporter, which catalyzes the reaction: Na+(out) + H+(in) = Na+(in) + H+(out).
32416 negative regulation of sodium:proton antiporter activity P Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a sodium:hydrogen antiporter, which catalyzes the reaction: Na+(out) + H+(in) = Na+(in) + H+(out).
32417 positive regulation of sodium:proton antiporter activity P Any process that activates or increases the activity of a sodium:hydrogen antiporter, which catalyzes the reaction: Na+(out) + H+(in) = Na+(in) + H+(out).
32418 lysosome localization P Any process in which a lysosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location.
32419 extrinsic component of lysosome membrane C The component of an lysosome membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
32420 stereocilium C An actin-based protrusion from the apical surface of auditory and vestibular hair cells and of neuromast cells. These protrusions are supported by a bundle of cross-linked actin filaments (an actin cable), oriented such that the plus (barbed) ends are at the tip of the protrusion, capped by a tip complex which bridges to the plasma. Bundles of stereocilia act as mechanosensory organelles.
32421 stereocilium bundle C A bundle of cross-linked stereocilia, arranged around a kinocilium on the apical surface of a sensory hair cell (e.g. a neuromast, auditory or vestibular hair cell). Stereocilium bundles act as mechanosensory organelles by responding to fluid motion or fluid pressure changes.
32422 purine-rich negative regulatory element binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a 30-bp purine-rich negative regulatory element; the best characterized such element is found in the first intronic region of the rat cardiac alpha-myosin heavy chain gene, and contains two palindromic high-affinity Ets-binding sites (CTTCCCTGGAAG). The presence of this element restricts expression of the gene containing it to cardiac myocytes.
32423 regulation of mismatch repair P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mismatch repair.
32424 negative regulation of mismatch repair P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mismatch repair.
32425 positive regulation of mismatch repair P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mismatch repair.
32426 stereocilium tip C A distinct compartment at the tip of a stereocilium, distal to the site of attachment to the apical cell surface. It consists of a dense matrix bridging the barbed ends of the stereocilium actin filaments with the overlying plasma membrane.
32427 GBD domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the GTPase protein binding domain (GDB) domain of a protein. The GBD is a short motif, including a minimum region of 16 amino acids, identified in proteins that bind to small GTPases such as Cdc42 and Rac.
32428 beta-N-acetylgalactosaminidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residues in N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminides.
32429 regulation of phospholipase A2 activity P Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme phospholipase A2.
32430 positive regulation of phospholipase A2 activity P Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme phospholipase A2.
32431 activation of phospholipase A2 activity P Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme phospholipase A2.
32432 actin filament bundle C An assembly of actin filaments that are on the same axis but may be oriented with the same or opposite polarities and may be packed with different levels of tightness.
32433 filopodium tip C The end of a filopodium distal to the body of the cell.
32434 regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome.
32435 negative regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome.
32436 positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome.
32437 cuticular plate C A dense network of actin filaments found beneath the apical cell surface of hair cells, and into which stereocilia are inserted.
32438 melanosome organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a melanosome. A melanosome is a tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which melanin pigments are synthesized and stored.
32439 endosome localization P Any process in which endosomes are transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.
32440 2-alkenal reductase [NAD(P)] activity F Catalysis of the reaction: n-alkanal + NAD(P)+ = alk-2-enal + NAD(P)H + H+.
32441 pheophorbide a oxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: pheophorbide a + reduced ferredoxin + 2 O2 = red chlorophyll catabolite + oxidized ferredoxin + H2O.
32442 phenylcoumaran benzylic ether reductase activity F Catalysis of the NADPH-dependent 7-O-4' reduction of phenylcoumaran lignans to the corresponding diphenols; for example, catalysis of the reaction: dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol + NADPH + H+ = isodihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol + NADP+.
32443 regulation of ergosterol biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ergosterol.
32444 activin responsive factor complex C A transcriptionally active complex that binds to an activin response element (ARE) in the promoter of target genes, and is composed of two SMAD2 proteins, one SMAD4 protein and a Forkhead activin signal transducer (FAST) transcription factor.
32445 fructose import P The directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide fructose into a cell or organelle.
32446 protein modification by small protein conjugation P A protein modification process in which one or more groups of a small protein, such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein, are covalently attached to a target protein.
32447 protein urmylation P Covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein URM1 to another protein.
32448 DNA hairpin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA containing a hairpin. A hairpin structure forms when a DNA strand folds back on itself and intrachain base pairing occurs between inverted repeat sequences.
32449 CBM complex C A protein complex comprising Carma1, Bcl10 and MALT1; plays a role in signal transduction during NF-kappaB activation.
32450 maltose alpha-glucosidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-maltose + H2O = 2 alpha-D-glucose.
32451 demethylase activity F Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a substrate.
32452 histone demethylase activity F Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a histone.
32453 histone demethylase activity (H3-K4 specific) F Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from lysine at position 4 of the histone H3 protein.
32454 histone demethylase activity (H3-K9 specific) F Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 9) + alpha-ketoglutarate + O2 = succinate + CO2 + formaldehyde + lysine. This reaction is the removal of a methyl group from lysine at position 9 of the histone H3 protein.
32455 nerve growth factor processing P The generation of a mature nerve growth factor (NGF) by proteolysis of a precursor.
32456 endocytic recycling P The directed movement of membrane-bounded vesicles from recycling endosomes back to the plasma membrane where they are recycled for further rounds of transport.
32457 fast endocytic recycling P The directed movement of membrane-bounded vesicles from peripheral endocytic compartments back to the plasma membrane where they are recycled for further rounds of transport.
32458 slow endocytic recycling P The directed movement of membrane-bounded vesicles from deep (non-peripheral) compartments endocytic compartments back to the plasma membrane where they are recycled for further rounds of transport.
32459 regulation of protein oligomerization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein oligomerization.
32460 negative regulation of protein oligomerization P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein oligomerization.
32461 positive regulation of protein oligomerization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein oligomerization.
32462 regulation of protein homooligomerization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein homooligomerization.
32463 negative regulation of protein homooligomerization P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein homooligomerization.
32464 positive regulation of protein homooligomerization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein homooligomerization.
32465 regulation of cytokinesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell and its separation into two daughter cells.
32466 negative regulation of cytokinesis P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell, and its separation into two daughter cells.
32467 positive regulation of cytokinesis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell, and its separation into two daughter cells.
32468 Golgi calcium ion homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the Golgi apparatus of a cell or between the Golgi and its surroundings.
32469 endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell or between the endoplasmic reticulum and its surroundings.
32470 positive regulation of endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration P Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the endoplasmic reticulum.
32471 negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration P Any process that decreases the concentration of calcium ions in the endoplasmic reticulum.
32472 Golgi calcium ion transport P The directed movement of calcium ions (Ca2+) into, out of or within the Golgi apparatus.
32473 cytoplasmic side of mitochondrial outer membrane C The external (cytoplasmic) face of the mitochondrial outer membrane.
32474 otolith morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of an otolith are generated and organized.
32475 otolith formation P The process that gives rise to an otolith. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
32476 decaprenyl diphosphate synthase complex C A complex that possesses di-trans,poly-cis-decaprenylcistransferase activity; involved in ubiquinone biosynthesis.
32477 homodimeric decaprenyl diphosphate synthase complex C A homodimeric complex that possesses di-trans,poly-cis-decaprenylcistransferase activity; involved in ubiquinone biosynthesis.
32478 heterotetrameric decaprenyl diphosphate synthase complex C A heterotetrameric complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that possesses di-trans,poly-cis-decaprenylcistransferase activity; involved in ubiquinone biosynthesis. In S. pombe it is a heterotetramer of Dlp1 and Dps1.
32479 regulation of type I interferon production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon type I production. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.
32480 negative regulation of type I interferon production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of type I interferon production. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.
32481 positive regulation of type I interferon production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of type I interferon production. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.
32482 Rab protein signal transduction P A series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Rab family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state.
32483 regulation of Rab protein signal transduction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rab protein signal transduction.
32484 Ral protein signal transduction P A series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Ral family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state.
32485 regulation of Ral protein signal transduction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Ral protein signal transduction.
32486 Rap protein signal transduction P A series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Rap family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state.
32487 regulation of Rap protein signal transduction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rap protein signal transduction.
32488 Cdc42 protein signal transduction P A series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by the Cdc42 protein switching to a GTP-bound active state.
32489 regulation of Cdc42 protein signal transduction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Cdc42 protein signal transduction.
32490 detection of molecule of bacterial origin P The series of events in which a stimulus from a molecule of bacterial origin is received and converted into a molecular signal.
32491 detection of molecule of fungal origin P The series of events in which a stimulus from a molecule of fungal origin is received and converted into a molecular signal.
32492 detection of molecule of oomycetes origin P The series of events in which a stimulus from a molecule of oomycetes origin is received and converted into a molecular signal.
32493 response to bacterial lipoprotein P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bacterial lipoprotein stimulus.
32494 response to peptidoglycan P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptidoglycan stimulus. Peptidoglycan is a bacterial cell wall macromolecule.
32495 response to muramyl dipeptide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muramyl dipeptide stimulus. Muramyl dipeptide is derived from peptidoglycan.
32496 response to lipopolysaccharide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.
32497 detection of lipopolysaccharide P The series of events in which a lipopolysaccharide stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.
32498 detection of muramyl dipeptide P The series of events in which a muramyl dipeptide stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Muramyl dipeptide is derived from peptidoglycan.
32499 detection of peptidoglycan P The series of events in which a peptidoglycan stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Peptidoglycan is a bacterial cell wall macromolecule.
32500 muramyl dipeptide binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently, in a non-covalent manner, with muramyl dipeptide; muramyl dipeptide is derived from peptidoglycan.
32501 multicellular organismal process P Any biological process, occurring at the level of a multicellular organism, pertinent to its function.
32502 developmental process P A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an integrated living unit: an anatomical structure (which may be a subcellular structure, cell, tissue, or organ), or organism over time from an initial condition to a later condition.
32504 multicellular organism reproduction P The biological process in which new individuals are produced by one or two multicellular organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents.
32505 reproduction of a single-celled organism P The biological process in which new individuals are produced by one or two single-celled organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents.
32506 cytokinetic process P A cellular process that is involved in cytokinesis (the division of the cytoplasm of a cell and its separation into two daughter cells).
32507 maintenance of protein location in cell P Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location within, or in the membrane of, a cell, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.
32508 DNA duplex unwinding P The process in which interchain hydrogen bonds between two strands of DNA are broken or 'melted', generating a region of unpaired single strands.
32509 endosome transport via multivesicular body sorting pathway P The directed movement of substances from endosomes to lysosomes or vacuoles by a pathway in which molecules are sorted into multivesicular bodies, which then fuse with the target compartment.
32510 endosome to lysosome transport via multivesicular body sorting pathway P The directed movement of substances from endosomes to lysosomes by a pathway in which molecules are sorted into multivesicular bodies, which then fuse with the lysosome.
32511 late endosome to vacuole transport via multivesicular body sorting pathway P The directed movement of substances from endosomes to vacuoles by a pathway in which molecules are sorted into multivesicular bodies, which then fuse with the vacuole.
32512 regulation of protein phosphatase type 2B activity P Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme protein phosphatase type 2B.
32513 negative regulation of protein phosphatase type 2B activity P Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme protein phosphatase type 2B.
32514 positive regulation of protein phosphatase type 2B activity P Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme protein phosphatase type 2B.
32515 negative regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity P Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a phosphoprotein phosphatase.
32516 positive regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity P Any process that activates or increases the activity of a phosphoprotein phosphatase.
32517 SOD1-calcineurin complex C A protein complex formed by the association of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) with calcineurin; complex formation is implicated in activation of calcineurin by SOD1.
32518 amino acid-exporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + amino acid(in) -> ADP + phosphate + amino acid(out).
32519 cysteine-exporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + cysteine(in) -> ADP + phosphate + cysteine(out).
32520 amino acid-importing ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + amino acid(out) -> ADP + phosphate + amino acid(in).
32521 D-methionine-exporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + D-methionine(in) -> ADP + phosphate + D-methionine(out).
32522 D-methionine-importing ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + D-methionine(out) -> ADP + phosphate + D-methionine(in).
32523 silicon efflux transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of silicon from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.
32525 somite rostral/caudal axis specification P The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the rostro-caudal axis of a somite, prior to the morphological formation of a somite boundary.
32526 response to retinoic acid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a retinoic acid stimulus.
32527 protein exit from endoplasmic reticulum P The directed movement of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.
32528 microvillus organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a microvillus, a thin cylindrical membrane-covered projection on the surface of a cell.
32529 follicle cell microvillus organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a microvillus on a follicle cell. A microvillus is a thin cylindrical membrane-covered projection on the surface of an animal cell containing a core bundle of actin filaments.
32530 regulation of microvillus organization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a microvillus.
32531 regulation of follicle cell microvillus organization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a microvillus on a follicle cell.
32532 regulation of microvillus length P A process that modulates the length of a microvillus.
32533 regulation of follicle cell microvillus length P A process that modulates the length of a microvillus on a follicle cell.
32534 regulation of microvillus assembly P A process that modulates the formation of a microvillus.
32535 regulation of cellular component size P A process that modulates the size of a cellular component.
32536 regulation of cell projection size P A process that modulates the size of a cell projection.
32537 host-seeking behavior P The specific behavior of an organism that are associated with finding a host organism; may include behavioral responses to light, temperature, or chemical emanations from the prospective host.
32538 regulation of host-seeking behavior P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any behavior associated with finding a host organism.
32539 negative regulation of host-seeking behavior P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of any behavior associated with finding a host organism.
32540 positive regulation of host-seeking behavior P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of any behavior associated with finding a host organism.
32541 cortical endoplasmic reticulum C A cortical network of highly dynamic tubules that are juxtaposed to the plasma membrane and undergo ring closure and tubule-branching movements.
32542 sulfiredoxin activity F Catalysis of the reaction: peroxiredoxin-(S-hydroxy-S-oxocysteine) + ATP + 2 R-SH = peroxiredoxin-(S-hydroxycysteine) + ADP + phosphate + R-S-S-R.
32543 mitochondrial translation P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a protein in a mitochondrion. This is a ribosome-mediated process in which the information in messenger RNA (mRNA) is used to specify the sequence of amino acids in the protein; the mitochondrion has its own ribosomes and transfer RNAs, and uses a genetic code that differs from the nuclear code.
32544 plastid translation P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a protein in a plastid. This is a ribosome-mediated process in which the information in messenger RNA (mRNA) is used to specify the sequence of amino acids in the protein; the plastid has its own ribosomes and transfer RNAs, and uses a genetic code that differs from the nuclear code.
32545 CURI complex C A protein complex that is involved in the transcription of ribosomal genes. In Saccharomyces this complex consists of Ckb2p, Utp22p, Rrp7p and Ifh1p.
32546 deoxyribonucleoside binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a deoxyribonucleoside, a compound consisting of a purine or pyrimidine nitrogenous base linked to deoxyribose.
32547 purine deoxyribonucleoside binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a purine deoxyribonucleoside, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to deoxyribose.
32548 pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to deoxyribose.
32549 ribonucleoside binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a ribonucleoside, a compound consisting of a purine or pyrimidine nitrogenous base linked to ribose.
32550 purine ribonucleoside binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a purine ribonucleoside, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to ribose.
32551 pyrimidine ribonucleoside binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a pyrimidine ribonucleoside, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to ribose.
32552 deoxyribonucleotide binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a deoxyribonucleotide, any compound consisting of a deoxyribonucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the deoxyribose moiety.
32553 ribonucleotide binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a ribonucleotide, any compound consisting of a ribonucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose moiety.
32554 purine deoxyribonucleotide binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a purine deoxyribonucleotide, any compound consisting of a purine deoxyribonucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the deoxyribose moiety.
32555 purine ribonucleotide binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a purine ribonucleotide, any compound consisting of a purine ribonucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose moiety.
32556 pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide, any compound consisting of a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the deoxyribose moiety.
32557 pyrimidine ribonucleotide binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a pyrimidine ribonucleotide, any compound consisting of a pyrimidine ribonucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose moiety.
32558 adenyl deoxyribonucleotide binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an adenyl deoxyribonucleotide, any compound consisting of adenosine esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the deoxyribose moiety.
32559 adenyl ribonucleotide binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an adenyl ribonucleotide, any compound consisting of adenosine esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose moiety.
32560 guanyl deoxyribonucleotide binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a guanyl deoxyribonucleotide, any compound consisting of guanosine esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the deoxyribose moiety.
32561 guanyl ribonucleotide binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a guanyl ribonucleotide, any compound consisting of guanosine esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose moiety.
32562 dAMP binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with dAMP, deoxyadenosine monophosphate.
32563 dADP binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with dADP, deoxyadenosine diphosphate.
32564 dATP binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with dATP, deoxyadenosine triphosphate.
32565 dGMP binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with dGMP, deoxyguanosine monophosphate.
32566 dGDP binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with dGDP, deoxyguanosine diphosphate.
32567 dGTP binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with dGTP, deoxyguanosine triphosphate.
32570 response to progesterone P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a progesterone stimulus.
32571 response to vitamin K P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin K stimulus.
32572 response to menaquinone P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a menaquinone (vitamin K2) stimulus.
32573 response to phylloquinone P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a phylloquinone (vitamin K1) stimulus.
32574 5'-3' RNA helicase activity F Catalysis of the unwinding of an RNA helix in the direction 5' to 3'.
32575 ATP-dependent 5'-3' RNA helicase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; this reaction drives the unwinding of an RNA helix in the direction 5' to 3'.
32576 O-linoleoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a linoleoyl ((9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoyl) group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.
32577 phosphatidylcholine:cardiolipin O-linoleoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a linoleoyl ((9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoyl) group from phosphatidylcholine to an oxygen atom on a cardiolipin molecule.
32578 aleurone grain membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding an aleurone grain.
32579 apical lamina of hyaline layer C A fibrous network that is part of the hyalin layer extracellular matrix. The apical lamina is thought to be principally composed of the glycoproteins fibropellins. This matrix has been found in echinoderms.
32580 Golgi cisterna membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the thin, flattened compartments that form the central portion of the Golgi complex.
32581 ER-dependent peroxisome organization P A process of peroxisome organization in which assembly or arrangement of constituent parts takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum.
32584 growth cone membrane C The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a growth cone.
32585 multivesicular body membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a multivesicular body.
32586 protein storage vacuole membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a protein storage vacuole.
32587 ruffle membrane C The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a ruffle.
32588 trans-Golgi network membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments that make up the trans-Golgi network.
32589 neuron projection membrane C The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a neuron projection.
32590 dendrite membrane C The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a dendrite.
32591 dendritic spine membrane C The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a dendritic spine.
32592 integral component of mitochondrial membrane C The component of the mitochondrial membrane consisting of the gene products having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
32593 insulin-responsive compartment C A small membrane-bounded vesicle that releases its contents by exocytosis in response to insulin stimulation; the contents are enriched in GLUT4, IRAP and VAMP2.
32594 protein transport within lipid bilayer P The directed movement of a protein from one location to another within a lipid bilayer.
32595 B cell receptor transport within lipid bilayer P The directed movement of a B cell receptor within a lipid bilayer.
32596 protein transport into membrane raft P The directed movement of a protein into a membrane raft. Membrane rafts are small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes.
32597 B cell receptor transport into membrane raft P The directed movement of a B cell receptor into a membrane raft.
32598 B cell receptor transport into immunological synapse P The directed movement of a B cell receptor into an immunological synapse.
32599 protein transport out of membrane raft P The directed movement of a protein out of a membrane raft. Membrane rafts are small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes.
32600 chemokine receptor transport out of membrane raft P The directed movement of a chemokine receptor out of a membrane raft.
32601 connective tissue growth factor production P The appearance of connective tissue growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
32602 chemokine production P The appearance of a chemokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
32603 fractalkine production P The appearance of fractalkine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
32604 granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production P The appearance of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
32605 hepatocyte growth factor production P The appearance of hepatocyte growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
32606 type I interferon production P The appearance of type I interferon due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.
32607 interferon-alpha production P The appearance of interferon-alpha due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
32608 interferon-beta production P The appearance of interferon-beta due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
32609 interferon-gamma production P The appearance of interferon-gamma due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon.
32610 interleukin-1 alpha production P The appearance of interleukin-1 alpha due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
32611 interleukin-1 beta production P The appearance of interleukin-1 beta due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
32612 interleukin-1 production P The appearance of interleukin-1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
32613 interleukin-10 production P The appearance of interleukin-10 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
32614 interleukin-11 production P The appearance of interleukin-11 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
32615 interleukin-12 production P The appearance of interleukin-12 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
32616 interleukin-13 production P The appearance of interleukin-13 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
32617 interleukin-14 production P The appearance of interleukin-14 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
32618 interleukin-15 production P The appearance of interleukin-15 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
32619 interleukin-16 production P The appearance of interleukin-16 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
32620 interleukin-17 production P The appearance of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
32621 interleukin-18 production P The appearance of interleukin-18 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
32622 interleukin-19 production P The appearance of interleukin-19 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
32623 interleukin-2 production P The appearance of interleukin-2 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
32624 interleukin-20 production P The appearance of interleukin-20 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
32625 interleukin-21 production P The appearance of interleukin-21 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
32626 interleukin-22 production P The appearance of interleukin-22 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
32627 interleukin-23 production P The appearance of interleukin-23 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
32628 interleukin-24 production P The appearance of interleukin-24 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
32629 interleukin-25 production P The appearance of interleukin-25 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
32630 interleukin-26 production P The appearance of interleukin-26 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
32631 interleukin-27 production P The appearance of interleukin-27 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
32632 interleukin-3 production P The appearance of interleukin-3 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
32633 interleukin-4 production P The appearance of interleukin-4 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
32634 interleukin-5 production P The appearance of interleukin-5 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
32635 interleukin-6 production P The appearance of interleukin-6 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
32636 interleukin-7 production P The appearance of interleukin-7 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
32637 interleukin-8 production P The appearance of interleukin-8 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
32638 interleukin-9 production P The appearance of interleukin-9 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
32639 TRAIL production P The appearance of TRAIL due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
32640 tumor necrosis factor production P The appearance of tumor necrosis factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
32641 lymphotoxin A production P The appearance of lymphotoxin A due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
32642 regulation of chemokine production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of chemokine production.
32643 regulation of connective tissue growth factor production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of connective tissue growth factor production.
32644 regulation of fractalkine production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of fractalkine production.
32645 regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production.
32646 regulation of hepatocyte growth factor production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of hepatocyte growth factor production.
32647 regulation of interferon-alpha production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-alpha production.
32648 regulation of interferon-beta production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-beta production.
32649 regulation of interferon-gamma production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-gamma production. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon.
32650 regulation of interleukin-1 alpha production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 alpha production.
32651 regulation of interleukin-1 beta production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 beta production.
32652 regulation of interleukin-1 production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 production.
32653 regulation of interleukin-10 production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-10 production.
32654 regulation of interleukin-11 production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-11 production.
32655 regulation of interleukin-12 production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-12 production.
32656 regulation of interleukin-13 production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-13 production.
32657 regulation of interleukin-14 production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-14 production.
32658 regulation of interleukin-15 production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-15 production.
32659 regulation of interleukin-16 production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-16 production.
32660 regulation of interleukin-17 production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines.
32661 regulation of interleukin-18 production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-18 production.
32662 regulation of interleukin-19 production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-19 production.
32663 regulation of interleukin-2 production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-2 production.
32664 regulation of interleukin-20 production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-20 production.
32665 regulation of interleukin-21 production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-21 production.
32666 regulation of interleukin-22 production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-22 production.
32667 regulation of interleukin-23 production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-23 production.
32668 regulation of interleukin-24 production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-24 production.
32669 regulation of interleukin-25 production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-25 production.
32670 regulation of interleukin-26 production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-26 production.
32671 regulation of interleukin-27 production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-27 production.
32672 regulation of interleukin-3 production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-3 production.
32673 regulation of interleukin-4 production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-4 production.
32674 regulation of interleukin-5 production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-5 production.
32675 regulation of interleukin-6 production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-6 production.
32676 regulation of interleukin-7 production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-7 production.
32677 regulation of interleukin-8 production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-8 production.
32678 regulation of interleukin-9 production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-9 production.
32679 regulation of TRAIL production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of TRAIL production.
32680 regulation of tumor necrosis factor production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tumor necrosis factor production.
32681 regulation of lymphotoxin A production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphotoxin A production.
32682 negative regulation of chemokine production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of chemokine production.
32683 negative regulation of connective tissue growth factor production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of connective tissue growth factor production.
32684 negative regulation of fractalkine production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of fractalkine production.
32685 negative regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production.
32686 negative regulation of hepatocyte growth factor production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of hepatocyte growth factor production.
32687 negative regulation of interferon-alpha production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-alpha production.
32688 negative regulation of interferon-beta production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-beta production.
32689 negative regulation of interferon-gamma production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-gamma production. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon.
32690 negative regulation of interleukin-1 alpha production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 alpha production.
32691 negative regulation of interleukin-1 beta production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 beta production.
32692 negative regulation of interleukin-1 production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 production.
32693 negative regulation of interleukin-10 production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-10 production.
32694 negative regulation of interleukin-11 production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-11 production.
32695 negative regulation of interleukin-12 production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-12 production.
32696 negative regulation of interleukin-13 production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-13 production.
32697 negative regulation of interleukin-14 production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-14 production.
32698 negative regulation of interleukin-15 production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-15 production.
32699 negative regulation of interleukin-16 production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-16 production.
32700 negative regulation of interleukin-17 production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines.
32701 negative regulation of interleukin-18 production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-18 production.
32702 negative regulation of interleukin-19 production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-19 production.
32703 negative regulation of interleukin-2 production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-2 production.
32704 negative regulation of interleukin-20 production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-20 production.
32705 negative regulation of interleukin-21 production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-21 production.
32706 negative regulation of interleukin-22 production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-22 production.
32707 negative regulation of interleukin-23 production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-23 production.
32708 negative regulation of interleukin-24 production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-24 production.
32709 negative regulation of interleukin-25 production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-25 production.
32710 negative regulation of interleukin-26 production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-26 production.
32711 negative regulation of interleukin-27 production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-27 production.
32712 negative regulation of interleukin-3 production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-3 production.
32713 negative regulation of interleukin-4 production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-4 production.
32714 negative regulation of interleukin-5 production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-5 production.
32715 negative regulation of interleukin-6 production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-6 production.
32716 negative regulation of interleukin-7 production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-7 production.
32717 negative regulation of interleukin-8 production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-8 production.
32718 negative regulation of interleukin-9 production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-9 production.
32719 negative regulation of TRAIL production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of TRAIL production.
32720 negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tumor necrosis factor production.
32721 negative regulation of lymphotoxin A production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphotoxin A production.
32722 positive regulation of chemokine production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of chemokine production.
32723 positive regulation of connective tissue growth factor production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of connective tissue growth factor production.
32724 positive regulation of fractalkine production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of fractalkine production.
32725 positive regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production.
32726 positive regulation of hepatocyte growth factor production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of hepatocyte growth factor production.
32727 positive regulation of interferon-alpha production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-alpha production.
32728 positive regulation of interferon-beta production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-beta production.
32729 positive regulation of interferon-gamma production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-gamma production. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon.
32730 positive regulation of interleukin-1 alpha production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 alpha production.
32731 positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 beta production.
32732 positive regulation of interleukin-1 production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 production.
32733 positive regulation of interleukin-10 production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-10 production.
32734 positive regulation of interleukin-11 production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-11 production.
32735 positive regulation of interleukin-12 production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-12 production.
32736 positive regulation of interleukin-13 production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-13 production.
32737 positive regulation of interleukin-14 production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-14 production.
32738 positive regulation of interleukin-15 production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-15 production.
32739 positive regulation of interleukin-16 production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-16 production.
32740 positive regulation of interleukin-17 production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines.
32741 positive regulation of interleukin-18 production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-18 production.
32742 positive regulation of interleukin-19 production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-19 production.
32743 positive regulation of interleukin-2 production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-2 production.
32744 positive regulation of interleukin-20 production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-20 production.
32745 positive regulation of interleukin-21 production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-21 production.
32746 positive regulation of interleukin-22 production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-22 production.
32747 positive regulation of interleukin-23 production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-23 production.
32748 positive regulation of interleukin-24 production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-24 production.
32749 positive regulation of interleukin-25 production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-25 production.
32750 positive regulation of interleukin-26 production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-26 production.
32751 positive regulation of interleukin-27 production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-27 production.
32752 positive regulation of interleukin-3 production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-3 production.
32753 positive regulation of interleukin-4 production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-4 production.
32754 positive regulation of interleukin-5 production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-5 production.
32755 positive regulation of interleukin-6 production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-6 production.
32756 positive regulation of interleukin-7 production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-7 production.
32757 positive regulation of interleukin-8 production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-8 production.
32758 positive regulation of interleukin-9 production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-9 production.
32759 positive regulation of TRAIL production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of TRAIL production.
32760 positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tumor necrosis factor production.
32761 positive regulation of lymphotoxin A production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphotoxin A production.
32762 mast cell cytokine production P Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a mast cell.
32763 regulation of mast cell cytokine production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell cytokine production.
32764 negative regulation of mast cell cytokine production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell cytokine production.
32765 positive regulation of mast cell cytokine production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell cytokine production.
32766 NHE3/E3KARP/ACTN4 complex C A heterotrimeric protein complex formed by the association of NHE3, E3KARP and alpha-actinin upon an increase in calcium ion concentration; found in clusters localized on plasma membrane and in intracellular compartments.
32767 copper-dependent protein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules), in the presence of copper.
32768 regulation of monooxygenase activity P Any process that modulates the activity of a monooxygenase.
32769 negative regulation of monooxygenase activity P Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a monooxygenase.
32770 positive regulation of monooxygenase activity P Any process that activates or increases the activity of a monooxygenase.
32771 regulation of monophenol monooxygenase activity P Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme monophenol monooxygenase. Monophenol monooxygenase catalyzes the reaction: L-tyrosine + L-DOPA + O2 = L-DOPA + DOPAquinone + H2O.
32772 negative regulation of monophenol monooxygenase activity P Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme monophenol monooxygenase. Monophenol monooxygenase catalyzes the reaction: L-tyrosine + L-DOPA + O2 = L-DOPA + DOPAquinone + H2O.
32773 positive regulation of monophenol monooxygenase activity P Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme monophenol oxygenase. Monophenol monooxygenase catalyzes the reaction: L-tyrosine + L-DOPA + O2 = L-DOPA + DOPAquinone + H2O.
32774 RNA biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. Includes polymerization of ribonucleotide monomers. Refers not only to transcription but also to e.g. viral RNA replication.
32775 DNA methylation on adenine P The covalent transfer of a methyl group to N-6 of adenine in a DNA molecule.
32776 DNA methylation on cytosine P The covalent transfer of a methyl group to C-5 or N-4 of cytosine in a DNA molecule.
32777 Piccolo NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex C A heterotrimeric H4/H2A histone acetyltransferase complex with a substrate preference of chromatin over free histones. It contains a subset of the proteins found in the larger NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex; for example, the S. cerevisiae complex contains Esa1p, Yng2p, and Epl1p.
32778 cobalt-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + cobalt(out) = ADP + phosphate + cobalt(in).
32780 negative regulation of ATPase activity P Any process that stops or reduces the rate of ATP hydrolysis by an ATPase.
32781 positive regulation of ATPase activity P Any process that activates or increases the rate of ATP hydrolysis by an ATPase.
32782 bile acid secretion P The regulated release of bile acid, composed of any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, by a cell or a tissue.
32783 ELL-EAF complex C A heterodimeric protein complex that acts as an RNA polymerase II elongation factor; the complex is conserved from yeast to humans, and is present in S. pombe, but absent from S. cerevisiae.
32784 regulation of DNA-templated transcription, elongation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
32785 negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription, elongation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
32786 positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription, elongation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
32787 monocarboxylic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (COOH) group or anion (COO-).
32788 saturated monocarboxylic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving saturated monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (COOH) group or anion (COO-) and fully saturated C-C bonds.
32789 unsaturated monocarboxylic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (COOH) group or anion (COO-) and one or more unsaturated C-C bonds.
32790 ribosome disassembly P The disaggregation of a ribosome into its constituent components; includes the dissociation of ribosomal subunits.
32791 lead ion binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with lead (Pb) ions.
32792 negative regulation of CREB transcription factor activity P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the transcription factor CREB.
32793 positive regulation of CREB transcription factor activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of the transcription factor CREB.
32794 GTPase activating protein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a GTPase activating protein.
32795 heterotrimeric G-protein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a heterotrimeric G-protein.
32796 uropod organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a uropod, a rigid membrane projection with related cytoskeletal components at the trailing edge of a lymphocyte or other cell in the process of migrating or being activated.
32797 SMN complex C A protein complex that contains the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein and at least eight additional integral components, including the Gemin2-8 and Unrip proteins; the complex is found in the cytoplasm and in nuclear Gems, and is involved in spliceosomal snRNP assembly in the cytoplasm and in pre-mRNA splicing in the nucleus.
32798 Swi5-Sfr1 complex C A conserved DNA recombinase mediator complex that contains two Swi5 monomers and one Sfr1 monomer in Schizosaccharomyces, or orthologs thereof (e.g. Sae3p and Mei5p in Saccharomyces).
32799 low-density lipoprotein receptor particle metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving low-density lipoprotein receptors.
32800 receptor biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
32801 receptor catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
32802 low-density lipoprotein particle receptor catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a low-density lipoprotein particle receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
32803 regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of low-density lipoprotein particle receptors.
32804 negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of low-density lipoprotein receptors.
32805 positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of low-density lipoprotein particle receptors.
32806 carboxy-terminal domain protein kinase complex C A protein complex that phosphorylates amino acid residues of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain repeats; phosphorylation occurs mainly on Ser2 and Ser5.
32807 DNA ligase IV complex C A eukaryotically conserved protein complex that contains DNA ligase IV and is involved in DNA repair by non-homologous end joining; in addition to the ligase, the complex also contains XRCC4 or a homolog, e.g. Saccharomyces Lif1p.
32808 lacrimal gland development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lacrimal gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lacrimal gland produces secretions that lubricate and protect the cornea of the eye.
32809 neuronal cell body membrane C The plasma membrane of a neuron cell body - excludes the plasma membrane of cell projections such as axons and dendrites.
32810 sterol response element binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the sterol response element (SRE), a nonpalindromic sequence found in the promoters of genes involved in lipid metabolism.
32811 negative regulation of epinephrine secretion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of epinephrine.
32812 positive regulation of epinephrine secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of epinephrine.
32813 tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily.
32814 regulation of natural killer cell activation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell activation.
32815 negative regulation of natural killer cell activation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell activation.
32816 positive regulation of natural killer cell activation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell activation.
32817 regulation of natural killer cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell proliferation.
32818 negative regulation of natural killer cell proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell proliferation.
32819 positive regulation of natural killer cell proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell proliferation.
32820 regulation of natural killer cell proliferation involved in immune response P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell proliferation as part of an immune response.
32821 negative regulation of natural killer cell proliferation involved in immune response P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell proliferation as part of an immune response.
32822 positive regulation of natural killer cell proliferation involved in immune response P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell proliferation as part of an immune response.
32823 regulation of natural killer cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell differentiation.
32824 negative regulation of natural killer cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell differentiation.
32825 positive regulation of natural killer cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell differentiation.
32826 regulation of natural killer cell differentiation involved in immune response P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell differentiation as part of an immune response.
32827 negative regulation of natural killer cell differentiation involved in immune response P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell differentiation as part of an immune response.
32828 positive regulation of natural killer cell differentiation involved in immune response P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell differentiation as part of an immune response.
32829 regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cells.
32830 negative regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cells.
32831 positive regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cells.
32832 regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation involved in immune response P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cells as part of an immune response.
32833 negative regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation involved in immune response P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cells as part of an immune response.
32834 positive regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation involved in immune response P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cells as part of an immune response.
32835 glomerulus development P The progression of the glomerulus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The glomerulus is a capillary tuft which forms a close network with the visceral epithelium (podocytes) and the mesangium to form the filtration barrier and is surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney. The glomerulus is part of the nephron and is restricted to one body segment.
32836 glomerular basement membrane development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the glomerular basement membrane over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The glomerular basement membrane is the basal laminal portion of the glomerulus which performs the actual filtration.
32837 distributive segregation P The cell cycle process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during a normally chiasmate meiosis under the condition that chiasma have not occurred between a particular pair of homologs. Distributive segregation is a "backup" mechanism to ensure the segregation of homologs that have failed to cross over - either as a consequence of mutation or not, as, for example, the 4th chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster (which never exchanges, presumably due to its small size) - but nevertheless segregate normally.
32838 cell projection cytoplasm C All of the contents of a cell projection, excluding the plasma membrane surrounding the projection.
32839 dendrite cytoplasm C All of the contents of a dendrite, excluding the surrounding plasma membrane.
32840 intramolecular proline-rich ligand binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a proline-rich region within the same polypeptide.
32841 calcitonin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with calcitonin, a peptide hormone responsible for reducing serum calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclastic bone reabsorption and promoting renal calcium excretion. It is synthesized and released by the C cells of the thyroid.
32843 hydroperoxide reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 RSH + ROOH = RSSR + ROH + H2O. This reaction is the thiol-dependent conversion of an organic hydroperoxide to the corresponding alcohol.
32844 regulation of homeostatic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a homeostatic process.
32845 negative regulation of homeostatic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a homeostatic process.
32846 positive regulation of homeostatic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a homeostatic process.
32847 regulation of cellular pH reduction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a process that reduces the internal pH of a cell.
32848 negative regulation of cellular pH reduction P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a process that reduces the internal pH of a cell.
32849 positive regulation of cellular pH reduction P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a process that reduces the internal pH of a cell.
32865 ERMES complex C A protein complex that links the endoplasmic reticulum with mitochondria and may have a role in promoting exchange of calcium and phospholipids between the two organelles. The complex is also associated with actively replicating mitochondrial DNA nucleoids, and may further coordinate mitochondrial genome replication and membrane growth.
32866 D-xylose:NADP reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylitol + NADP+ = D-xylose + NADPH + H+.
32867 L-arabinose:NADP reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-arabitol + NADP+ = L-arabinose + NADPH + H+.
32868 response to insulin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin stimulus. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms.
32869 cellular response to insulin stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin stimulus. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms.
32870 cellular response to hormone stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hormone stimulus.
32871 regulation of karyogamy P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of karyogamy, the creation of a single nucleus from multiple nuclei as a result of membrane fusion.
32872 regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the stress-activated MAPK cascade.
32873 negative regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the stress-activated MAPK cascade.
32874 positive regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the stress-activated MAPK cascade.
32875 regulation of DNA endoreduplication P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA endoreduplication.
32876 negative regulation of DNA endoreduplication P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA endoreduplication.
32877 positive regulation of DNA endoreduplication P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA endoreduplication.
32878 regulation of establishment or maintenance of cell polarity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns.
32879 regulation of localization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
32880 regulation of protein localization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
32881 regulation of polysaccharide metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving polysaccharides.
32882 regulation of chitin metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving chitin.
32883 regulation of chitin biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chitin.
32884 regulation of cell wall chitin biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cell wall chitin.
32885 regulation of polysaccharide biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides.
32886 regulation of microtubule-based process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any cellular process that depends upon or alters the microtubule cytoskeleton.
32887 regulation of spindle elongation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the spindle.
32888 regulation of mitotic spindle elongation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the mitotic spindle.
32889 regulation of vacuole fusion, non-autophagic P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the fusion of two vacuole membranes to form a single vacuole.
32890 regulation of organic acid transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of organic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
32891 negative regulation of organic acid transport P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of organic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
32892 positive regulation of organic acid transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of organic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
32893 regulation of gluconate transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of gluconate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
32894 negative regulation of gluconate transport P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of gluconate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
32895 positive regulation of gluconate transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of gluconate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
32896 palmitoyl-CoA 9-desaturase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + AH2 + O2 = palmitoleic acid (16:1delta9) + A + 2 H2O.
32897 negative regulation of viral transcription P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral transcription.
32898 neurotrophin production P The appearance of a neurotrophin due to biosynthesis or secretion by cells in a neuron's target field, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. A neurotrophin is any of a family of growth factors that prevent apoptosis in neurons and promote nerve growth.
32899 regulation of neurotrophin production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of a neurotrophin.
32900 negative regulation of neurotrophin production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of a neurotrophin.
32901 positive regulation of neurotrophin production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of a neurotrophin.
32902 nerve growth factor production P The appearance of nerve growth factor (NGF) due to biosynthesis or secretion by cells in a neuron's target field, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
32903 regulation of nerve growth factor production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of nerve growth factor (NGF).
32904 negative regulation of nerve growth factor production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of nerve growth factor (NGF).
32905 transforming growth factor beta1 production P The appearance of transforming growth factor-beta1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
32906 transforming growth factor beta2 production P The appearance of transforming growth factor-beta2 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
32907 transforming growth factor beta3 production P The appearance of transforming growth factor-beta3 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
32908 regulation of transforming growth factor beta1 production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta1.
32909 regulation of transforming growth factor beta2 production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta2.
32910 regulation of transforming growth factor beta3 production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta3.
32911 negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta1 production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta1.
32912 negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta2 production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta2.
32913 negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta3 production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta3.
32914 positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta1 production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta1.
32915 positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta2 production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta2.
32916 positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta3 production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta3.
32917 polyamine acetylation P The modification of polyamines by addition of acetyl groups.
32918 spermidine acetylation P The modification of spermidine by addition of acetyl groups.
32919 spermine acetylation P The modification of spermine by addition of acetyl groups.
32920 putrescine acetylation P The modification of putrescine by addition of acetyl groups.
32921 sarcosine oxidase complex C A complex consisting of 4 protein subunits as a heterotetramer, that possesses sarcosine oxidase activity.
32922 circadian regulation of gene expression P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression such that an expression pattern recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.
32923 organic phosphonate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphonates, any organic compound containing one or more C-PO(OH)2 or C-PO(OR)2 (with R=alkyl, aryl) groups. Synthesis of phosphonic acid itself, an inorganic compound without the biochemically relevant C-P bond, is not included.
32924 activin receptor signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to an activin receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
32925 regulation of activin receptor signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any activin receptor signaling pathway.
32926 negative regulation of activin receptor signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any activin receptor signaling pathway.
32927 positive regulation of activin receptor signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any activin receptor signaling pathway.
32928 regulation of superoxide anion generation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of enzymatic generation of superoxide by a cell.
32929 negative regulation of superoxide anion generation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of enzymatic generation of superoxide by a cell.
32930 positive regulation of superoxide anion generation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of enzymatic generation of superoxide by a cell.
32931 histone acetyltransferase activity (H3-K56 specific) F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 56) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 56).
32932 negative regulation of astral microtubule depolymerization P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the depolymerization of astral microtubules.
32933 SREBP signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals from the endoplasmic reticulum to the nucleus generated as a consequence of decreased levels of one or more sterols (and in some yeast, changes in oxygen levels) and which proceeds through activation of a sterol response element binding transcription factor (SREBP) to result in up-regulation of target gene transcription.
32934 sterol binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sterol, any steroid containing a hydroxy group in the 3 position, closely related to cholestan-3-ol.
32935 sterol sensor activity F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of a sterol.
32936 SREBP-SCAP complex C A protein complex formed by the association of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) and SREBP-cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) in the ER membrane; in the absence of sterols, the SREBP-SCAP complex is packaged into COPII vesicles and travels to the Golgi apparatus to be processed.
32937 SREBP-SCAP-Insig complex C A protein complex formed by the association of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP), SREBP-cleavage-activating protein (SCAP), and an Insig protein (Insig-1 or Insig-2) in the ER membrane.
32938 negative regulation of translation in response to oxidative stress P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.
32939 positive regulation of translation in response to oxidative stress P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.
32940 secretion by cell P The controlled release of a substance by a cell.
32941 secretion by tissue P The controlled release of a substance by a tissue.
32942 inositol tetrakisphosphate 2-kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol pentakisphosphate (containing 2-phosphate) + ADP.
32943 mononuclear cell proliferation P The expansion of a mononuclear cell population by cell division. A mononuclear cell is a leukocyte with a single non-segmented nucleus in the mature form.
32944 regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mononuclear cell proliferation.
32945 negative regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mononuclear cell proliferation.
32946 positive regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mononuclear cell proliferation.
32947 protein complex scaffold F A structural molecule activity that provides a physical support for the assembly of a multiprotein complex. The scaffold may or may not be part of the final complex.
32948 regulation of alpha-glucan metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-glucans.
32949 regulation of alpha-glucan biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways relusting in the formation of alpha-glucans.
32950 regulation of beta-glucan metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-glucans.
32951 regulation of beta-glucan biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways relusting in the formation of beta-glucans.
32952 regulation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucan metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-beta-D-glucans.
32953 regulation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucan biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans.
32954 regulation of cytokinetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cytokinetic process.
32955 regulation of barrier septum assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of barrier septum formation. Barrier septum formation is the assembly and arrangement of a septum that spans the plasma membrane interface between progeny cells following cytokinesis.
32956 regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.
32957 inositol trisphosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving myo-inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with three phosphate groups attached.
32958 inositol phosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with one or more phosphate groups attached.
32959 inositol trisphosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of inositol trisphosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with three phosphate groups attached.
32960 regulation of inositol trisphosphate biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of inositol trisphosphate.
32961 negative regulation of inositol trisphosphate biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of inositol trisphosphate.
32962 positive regulation of inositol trisphosphate biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of inositol trisphosphate.
32963 collagen metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals. Collagen is highly enriched in glycine (some regions are 33% glycine) and proline, occurring predominantly as 3-hydroxyproline (about 20%).
32964 collagen biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals. Collagen is highly enriched in glycine (some regions are 33% glycine) and proline, occurring predominantly as 3-hydroxyproline (about 20%).
32965 regulation of collagen biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals.
32966 negative regulation of collagen biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals.
32967 positive regulation of collagen biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals.
32968 positive regulation of transcription elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance by the addition of ribonucleotides, catalyzed by RNA polymerase II.
32969 endosomal scaffold complex C A protein complex that contains MAPKSP1 (MP1, Map2k1ip1) and ROBLD3 (p14, Mapbpip), is anchored to late endosomes, and is involved in selective activation of the ERK1 in ERK/MAPK signaling.
32970 regulation of actin filament-based process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any cellular process that depends upon or alters the actin cytoskeleton.
32971 regulation of muscle filament sliding P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle filament sliding.
32972 regulation of muscle filament sliding speed P Any process that modulates the velocity of muscle filament sliding.
32973 amino acid export P The directed movement of amino acids out of a cell or organelle.
32974 amino acid transmembrane export from vacuole P The directed movement of amino acids out of the vacuole, across the vacuolar membrane.
32975 amino acid transmembrane import into vacuole P The directed movement of amino acids into the vacuole across the vacuolar membrane.
32976 release of matrix enzymes from mitochondria P The process in which enzymes, such as aspartate aminotransferase, are enabled to move from the mitochondrial matrix into the cytosol, as part of the apoptotic process.
32977 membrane insertase activity F Mediates the integration of proteins into a membrane from the inner side of the membrane. Membrane insertases are highly conserved and include the bacterial YidC family, the plant chloroplast Alb3 family, and the fungal and animal mitochondrial Oxa1/Cox18 family.
32978 protein insertion into membrane from inner side P The process in which a protein is incorporated into a lipid bilayer, e.g., the prokaryotic, mitochondrial, or chloroplast inner membrane, from the inner side.
32979 protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane from inner side P The process in which a protein is incorporated into the mitochondrial membrane from the inner side. This includes membrane insertion of newly synthesized mitochondrially-encoded proteins, and insertion of nuclear-encoded proteins after their import into the mitochondrial matrix.
32980 keratinocyte activation P A change in the morphology or behavior of a keratinocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand. Upon activation, keratinocytes become migratory and hyperproliferative, and produce growth factors and cytokines.
32981 mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I.
32982 myosin filament C A protein complex containing myosin heavy chains, plus associated light chains and other proteins, in which the myosin heavy chains are arranged into a filament.
32983 kainate selective glutamate receptor complex C An assembly of four or five subunits which form a structure with an extracellular N-terminus and a large loop that together form the ligand binding domain. The C-terminus is intracellular. The ionotropic glutamate receptor complex itself acts as a ligand gated ion channel; on binding glutamate, charged ions pass through a channel in the center of the receptor complex. Kainate receptors are multimeric assemblies of GluK1-3 (also called GluR5-7), GluK4 (KA1) and GluK5 (KA2) subunits.
32984 macromolecular complex disassembly P The disaggregation of a macromolecular complex into its constituent components.
32985 protein-carbohydrate complex disassembly P The disaggregation of a protein-carbohydrate complex into its constituent components.
32986 protein-DNA complex disassembly P The disaggregation of a protein-DNA complex into its constituent components.
32987 protein-lipid complex disassembly P The disaggregation of a protein-lipid complex into its constituent components.
32988 ribonucleoprotein complex disassembly P The disaggregation of a protein-RNA complex into its constituent components.
32989 cellular component morphogenesis P The process in which cellular structures, including whole cells or cell parts, are generated and organized.
32990 cell part morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of a cell part are generated and organized.
32991 macromolecular complex C A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together.
32992 protein-carbohydrate complex C A macromolecular complex containing separate protein and carbohydrate molecules. Separate in this context means not covalently bound to each other.
32993 protein-DNA complex C A macromolecular complex containing both protein and DNA molecules.
32994 protein-lipid complex C A macromolecular complex containing separate protein and lipid molecules. Separate in this context means not covalently bound to each other.
32995 regulation of fungal-type cell wall biogenesis P Any process that modulates the process in which a cell wall is synthesized, aggregates, and bonds together. The fungal-type cell wall contains beta-glucan and may contain chitin.
32996 Bcl3-Bcl10 complex C A protein complex containing Bcl3 and Bcl10, which forms when Akt1 is activated by TNF-alpha to phosphorylate Bcl10; the Bcl3-Bcl10 complex is translocated to the nucleus.
32997 Fc receptor complex C A protein complex composed of a subunit or subunits capable of binding the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin with additional signaling components. The complex functions as a receptor for immunoglobulin.
32998 Fc-epsilon receptor I complex C A protein complex composed of an Fc-epsilon RI alpha chain and an Fc-epsilon RI gamma chain dimer with or without an Fc-episilon RI beta chain and additional signaling components. The complex functions primarily as an activating receptor for IgE.
32999 Fc-alpha receptor I complex C A protein complex composed of an Fc-alpha R alpha chain and an Fc-epsilon RI gamma chain dimer with or without additional signaling components. The complex functions primarily as an activating receptor for IgA.
33000 Fc-gamma receptor I complex C A protein complex composed of an Fc-gamma RI alpha chain and an Fc-epsilon RI gamma chain dimer with or without additional signaling components. The complex functions primarily as an activating receptor for IgG.
33001 Fc-gamma receptor III complex C A protein complex composed of an Fc-gamma RIII alpha chain and an Fc-epsilon RI gamma chain dimer with or without an Fc-epsilon RI beta chain and additional signaling components. The complex functions primarily as an activating receptor for IgG.
33002 muscle cell proliferation P The expansion of a muscle cell population by cell division.
33003 regulation of mast cell activation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell activation.
33004 negative regulation of mast cell activation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell activation.
33005 positive regulation of mast cell activation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell activation.
33006 regulation of mast cell activation involved in immune response P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell activation as part of an immune response.
33007 negative regulation of mast cell activation involved in immune response P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell activation as part of an immune response.
33008 positive regulation of mast cell activation involved in immune response P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell activation as part of an immune response.
33009 nucleomorph C A small, vestigial nucleus found in some plastids that derive from a eukaryotic endosymbiont. Observed in chlorarachniophytes and cryptomonads, which acquired their plastids from a green and red alga respectively.
33010 paranodal junction C A highly specialized cell-cell junction found in vertebrates, which forms between a neuron and a glial cell, and has structural similarity to Drosophila septate junctions. It flanks the node of Ranvier in myelinated nerve and electrically isolates the myelinated from unmyelinated nerve segments and physically separates the voltage-gated sodium channels at the node from the cluster of potassium channels underneath the myelin sheath.
33011 perinuclear theca C A condensed cytoplasmic structure that covers the nucleus of mammalian spermatozoa except for a narrow zone around the insertion of the tail. It shows two distinct regions, a subacrosomal layer and, continuing caudally beyond the acrosomic system, the postacrosomal sheath. The perinuclear theca has been considered a cytoskeletal scaffold responsible for maintaining the overall architecture of the mature sperm head; however, recent studies indicate that the bulk of its constituent proteins are not traditional cytoskeletal proteins but rather a variety of cytosolic proteins.
33012 porosome C A permanent cup-shaped structure at the cell plasma membrane in secretory cells. Following a secretory stimulus, secretory vesicles transiently dock and fuse at the base of porosomes and release intravesicular contents dictated by the turgor pressure generated from the swelling of secretory vesicles.
33013 tetrapyrrole metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next.
33014 tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next.
33015 tetrapyrrole catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next.
33016 rhoptry membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a rhoptry.
33017 sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
33018 sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen C The volume enclosed by the membranes of the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
33019 5-hydroxyvalerate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxyvalerate + NAD+ = 5-oxovalerate + NADH.
33020 cyclopentanol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyclopentanol.
33021 cyclopentanol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyclopentanol.
33022 cyclopentanol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyclopentanol.
33023 mast cell homeostasis P The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of mast cells such that the total number of mast cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.
33024 mast cell apoptotic process P Any apoptotic process in a mast cell, a cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation.
33025 regulation of mast cell apoptotic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell apoptotic process.
33026 negative regulation of mast cell apoptotic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell apoptotic process.
33027 positive regulation of mast cell apoptotic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell apoptotic process.
33028 myeloid cell apoptotic process P Any apoptotic process in a myeloid cell, a cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, mast cell, megakaryocyte, or erythroid lineage.
33029 regulation of neutrophil apoptotic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil apoptotic process.
33030 negative regulation of neutrophil apoptotic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil apoptotic process.
33031 positive regulation of neutrophil apoptotic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil apoptotic process.
33032 regulation of myeloid cell apoptotic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid cell apoptotic process.
33033 negative regulation of myeloid cell apoptotic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a myeloid cell apoptotic process.
33034 positive regulation of myeloid cell apoptotic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid cell apoptotic process.
33036 macromolecule localization P Any process in which a macromolecule is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
33037 polysaccharide localization P Any process in which a polysaccharide is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
33038 bitter taste receptor activity F Combining with soluble bitter compounds to initiate a change in cell activity. These receptors are responsible for the sense of bitter taste.
33039 salty taste receptor activity F Combining with soluble salty compounds to initiate a change in cell activity. These receptors are responsible for the sense of salty taste.
33040 sour taste receptor activity F Combining with soluble sour compounds to initiate a change in cell activity. These receptors are responsible for the sense of sour taste.
33041 sweet taste receptor activity F Combining with soluble sweet compounds to initiate a change in cell activity. These receptors are responsible for the sense of sweet taste.
33042 umami taste receptor activity F Combining with soluble umami compounds to initiate a change in cell activity. These receptors are responsible for the sense of umami taste, the savory taste of meats and other foods that are rich in glutamates.
33043 regulation of organelle organization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle.
33044 regulation of chromosome organization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a chromosome.
33045 regulation of sister chromatid segregation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation.
33046 negative regulation of sister chromatid segregation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation.
33047 regulation of mitotic sister chromatid segregation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation during mitosis.
33048 negative regulation of mitotic sister chromatid segregation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation during mitosis.
33049 clavulanic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving clavulanic acid, (2R,3Z,5R)-3-(2-hydroxyethylidene)-7-oxo-4-oxa-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid.
33050 clavulanic acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of clavulanic acid, (2R,3Z,5R)-3-(2-hydroxyethylidene)-7-oxo-4-oxa-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid.
33051 aminophosphonate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving aminophosphonates, phosphonic acid derivatives that contain an amino group.
33052 cyanoamino acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanoamino acids, amino acid derivatives that contain a cyanide group.
33053 D-glutamine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-glutamine, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid glutamine, i.e. (2R)-2,5-diamino-5-oxopentanoic acid.
33054 D-glutamate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-glutamate, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid glutamate, i.e. (2R)-2-aminopentanedioic acid.
33055 D-arginine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-arginine, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid arginine, i.e. (2R)-2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid.
33056 D-ornithine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-ornithine, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid ornithine, i.e. (2R)-2,5-diaminopentanoic acid.
33058 directional locomotion P Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another along an axis.
33059 cellular pigmentation P The deposition or aggregation of coloring matter in a cell.
33060 ocellus pigmentation P The deposition or aggregation of coloring matter in an ocellus, a minute simple eye found in many invertebrates.
33061 DNA recombinase mediator complex C A protein complex containing accessory proteins which bind a recombinase (e.g. Rad51) and bind single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), and promote nucleation of the recombinase onto ssDNA.
33062 Rhp55-Rhp57 complex C A conserved heterodimeric DNA recombinase mediator complex that contains the RecA family proteins Rhp55p and Rph57 in Schizosaccharomyces, or orthologs thereof (e.g. Rad55p and Rad57p in Saccharomyces).
33063 Rad51B-Rad51C-Rad51D-XRCC2 complex C A DNA recombinase mediator complex that contains the Rad51 paralogs RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, and XRCC2, or orthologs thereof.
33064 XRCC2-RAD51D complex C A heterodimeric DNA recombinase mediator complex that contains the Rad51 paralogs RAD51D and XRCC2, or orthologs thereof; conserved from fission yeast to human but absent from budding yeast.
33065 Rad51C-XRCC3 complex C A DNA recombinase mediator complex that contains the Rad51 paralogs RAD51C and XRCC3, or orthologs thereof.
33066 Rad51B-Rad51C complex C A DNA recombinase mediator complex that contains the Rad51 paralogs RAD51B and RAD51C, or orthologs thereof.
33067 macrolide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving macrolides, any of a large group of polyketide compounds that contain a large lactone ring with few or no double bonds and no nitrogen atoms, linked glycosidically to one or more sugar groups. The macrolides include the carbomycins, the erythromycins, oleandomycin, oligomycins, and the spiramycins, and act as antibiotics, mainly against Gram-positive bacteria.
33068 macrolide biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of macrolides, any of a large group of polyketide compounds that contain a large lactone ring with few or no double bonds and no nitrogen atoms, linked glycosidically to one or more sugar groups. The macrolides include the carbomycins, the erythromycins, oleandomycin, oligomycins, and the spiramycins, and act as antibiotics, mainly against Gram-positive bacteria.
33069 ansamycin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving ansamycins, any of a group of complex macrolactam compounds characterized by a cyclic structure in which an aliphatic ansa chain forms a bridge between two non-adjacent positions of a cyclic p-system; many exhibit antibacterial, antifungal or antitumor activity.
33070 ansamycin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of ansamycins, any of a group of complex macrolactam compounds characterized by a cyclic structure in which an aliphatic ansa chain forms a bridge between two non-adjacent positions of a cyclic p-system; many exhibit antibacterial, antifungal or antitumor activity.
33071 vancomycin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving vancomycin, (3S,6R,7R,11R,23S,26S,30aS,36R,38aR)-44-[2-O-(3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-3-C-methyl-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy]-3-(carbamoylmethyl)-10,19-dichloro-2,3,4,5,6,7,23,25,26,36,37,38,38a-tetradecahydro-7,22,28,30,32-pentahydroxy-6-(N-methyl-D-leucyl)-2,5,24,38,39-pentaoxo-1H,22H-23,36-(epiminomethano)-8,11:18,21-dietheno-13,16:31,35-di(metheno)[1,6,9]oxadiazacyclohexadecino[4,5-m][10,2,16]benzoxadiazacyclotetracosine-26-carboxylic acid, a complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis that inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in Gram-positive bacteria.
33072 vancomycin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of vancomycin, (3S,6R,7R,11R,23S,26S,30aS,36R,38aR)-44-[2-O-(3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-3-C-methyl-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy]-3-(carbamoylmethyl)-10,19-dichloro-2,3,4,5,6,7,23,25,26,36,37,38,38a-tetradecahydro-7,22,28,30,32-pentahydroxy-6-(N-methyl-D-leucyl)-2,5,24,38,39-pentaoxo-1H,22H-23,36-(epiminomethano)-8,11:18,21-dietheno-13,16:31,35-di(metheno)[1,6,9]oxadiazacyclohexadecino[4,5-m][10,2,16]benzoxadiazacyclotetracosine-26-carboxylic acid, a complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis that inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in Gram-positive bacteria.
33073 pinene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving the monoterpenoid pinene; alpha-pinene is (1S,5S)-2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene, and beta-pinene is (1S,5S)-6,6-dimethyl-2-methylenebicyclo[3.1.1]heptane.
33074 pinene catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of the monoterpenoid pinene; alpha-pinene is (1S,5S)-2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene, and beta-pinene is (1S,5S)-6,6-dimethyl-2-methylenebicyclo[3.1.1]heptane.
33075 isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoquinoline alkaloids, alkaloid compounds that contain bicyclic N-containing aromatic rings and are derived from a 3,4-dihydroxytyramine (dopamine) precursor that undergoes a Schiff base addition with aldehydes of different origin.
33076 isoquinoline alkaloid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoquinoline alkaloids, alkaloid compounds that contain bicyclic N-containing aromatic rings and are derived from a 3,4-dihydroxytyramine (dopamine) precursor that undergoes a Schiff base addition with aldehydes of different origin.
33077 T cell differentiation in thymus P The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a T cell via a differentiation pathway dependent upon transit through the thymus.
33078 extrathymic T cell differentiation P The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a T cell via a differentiation pathway independent of the thymus.
33079 immature T cell proliferation P The expansion of an immature T cell population by cell division.
33080 immature T cell proliferation in thymus P The expansion of an immature T cell population by cell division in the thymus.
33081 regulation of T cell differentiation in thymus P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation in the thymus.
33082 regulation of extrathymic T cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extrathymic T cell differentiation.
33083 regulation of immature T cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation.
33084 regulation of immature T cell proliferation in thymus P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation in the thymus.
33085 negative regulation of T cell differentiation in thymus P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation in the thymus.
33086 negative regulation of extrathymic T cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extrathymic T cell differentiation.
33087 negative regulation of immature T cell proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation.
33088 negative regulation of immature T cell proliferation in thymus P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation in the thymus.
33089 positive regulation of T cell differentiation in thymus P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation in the thymus.
33090 positive regulation of extrathymic T cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extrathymic T cell differentiation.
33091 positive regulation of immature T cell proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation.
33092 positive regulation of immature T cell proliferation in thymus P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation in the thymus.
33093 Weibel-Palade body C A large, elongated, rod-shaped secretory granule characteristic of vascular endothelial cells that contain a number of structurally and functionally distinct proteins, of which the best characterized are von Willebrand factor (VWF) and P-selectin. Weibel-Palade bodies are formed from the trans-Golgi network in a process that depends on VWF, which is densely packed in a highly organized manner, and on coat proteins that remain associated with the granules. Upon cell stimulation, regulated exocytosis releases the contained proteins to the cell surface, where they act in the recruitment of platelets and leukocytes and in inflammatory and vasoactive responses.
33094 butane-1,4-diamine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: putrescine + 2-oxoglutarate = L-glutamate + 1-pyrroline + H2O.
33095 aleurone grain C A membrane-bounded storage granule found in cells of the aleurone layer in plants; contains either a protein matrix, protein-carbohydrate bodies and/or globoids. Aleurone grains are formed by the vacuole, rough endoplasmic reticulum and dictyosomes.
33096 amyloplast envelope C The double lipid bilayer enclosing the amyloplast and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.
33097 amyloplast membrane C Either of the lipid bilayers that surround an amyloplast and form the amyloplast envelope.
33098 amyloplast inner membrane C The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the amyloplast envelope; also faces the amyloplast stroma.
33099 attachment organelle C A membrane-bounded extension of the cell, originally characterized in Mycoplasma species, that contains an electron-dense core that is part of the cytoskeleton and is oriented lengthwise and ends distally in a bulbous knob (terminal button). Required for adherence to host cells and involved in gliding motility and cell division.
33100 NuA3 histone acetyltransferase complex C A Gcn5-independent multisubunit complex that catalyzes the acetylation of histone H3. The budding yeast complex includes Sas3p, Taf30p, and Yng1p.
33101 cellular bud membrane C The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a cellular bud.
33102 acidocalcisome membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding an acidocalcisome.
33103 protein secretion by the type VI secretion system P The process in which proteins are transferred into the extracellular milieu or directly into host cells by the type VI secretion system. Proteins secreted by this system do not require an N-terminal signal sequence.
33104 type VI protein secretion system complex C A complex of proteins that permits the transfer of proteins into the extracellular milieu or directly into host cells via the type VI secretion system. Proteins secreted by this complex do not require an N-terminal signal sequence.
33105 chlorosome envelope C The structure, composed of a monolayer of glycolipids with embedded proteins, that encloses the pigments and other contents of the chlorosome.
33106 cis-Golgi network membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments that make up the cis-Golgi network.
33107 CVT vesicle C A cytosolic vesicle that is enclosed by a double membrane and is implicated in the cytoplasm to vacuole targeting pathway. These vesicles are found in the yeast S. cerevisiae, and contain vacuolar hydrolases, aminopeptidase I (Ape1p) and alpha-mannosidase (Ams1p).
33108 mitochondrial respiratory chain complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a mitochondrial respiratory chain complex.
33110 Cvt vesicle membrane C Either of the two lipid bilayers surrounding a Cvt vesicle, a vesicle that functions in the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway.
33111 attachment organelle membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding an attachment organelle. This is a region of the cell membrane facing the environment - in mycoplasma, part of the mycolate outer membrane.
33112 cyanelle envelope C The double lipid bilayer enclosing the cyanelle and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.
33113 cyanelle membrane C Either of the lipid bilayers that surround a cyanelle and form the cyanelle envelope.
33114 cyanelle thylakoid lumen C The volume enclosed by a cyanelle thylakoid membrane.
33115 cyanelle thylakoid membrane C The lipid bilayer membrane of any thylakoid within a cyanelle.
33116 endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi intermediate compartment system.
33117 esterosome C A vesicle filled with crystalline protein that shows sequence similarities with various esterases.
33118 esterosome membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding an esterosome. This membrane has characteristics of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) membranes.
33119 negative regulation of RNA splicing P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA splicing.
33120 positive regulation of RNA splicing P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA splicing.
33121 regulation of purine nucleotide catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleotides.
33122 negative regulation of purine nucleotide catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleotides.
33123 positive regulation of purine nucleotide catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleotides.
33127 regulation of histone phosphorylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of one or more phosphate groups to a histone protein.
33128 negative regulation of histone phosphorylation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of one or more phosphate groups to a histone protein.
33129 positive regulation of histone phosphorylation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of one or more phosphate groups to a histone protein.
33130 acetylcholine receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an acetylcholine receptor.
33131 regulation of glucokinase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucokinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a glucose molecule.
33132 negative regulation of glucokinase activity P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucokinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a glucose molecule.
33133 positive regulation of glucokinase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucokinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a glucose molecule.
33134 ubiquitin activating enzyme binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a ubiquitin activating enzyme, any of the E1 proteins.
33135 regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine.
33136 serine phosphorylation of STAT3 protein P The process of introducing a phosphate group to a serine residue of the STAT3 protein.
33137 negative regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine.
33138 positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine.
33139 regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation of STAT protein P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of a serine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.
33140 negative regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation of STAT protein P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of a serine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.
33141 positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation of STAT protein P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of a serine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.
33142 progesterone receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a progesterone receptor.
33143 regulation of intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway.
33144 negative regulation of intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway.
33145 positive regulation of intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway.
33146 regulation of intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of an intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway.
33147 negative regulation of intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of an intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway.
33148 positive regulation of intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of an intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway.
33149 FFAT motif binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the FFAT motif, a short motif containing diphenylalanine in an acidic tract that targets proteins to the cytosolic surface of the ER and to the nuclear membrane by binding directly to members of the VAP (VAMP-associated protein) protein family.
33150 cytoskeletal calyx C A large cytoskeletal structure located at the posterior end of the perinuclear theca of a mammalian sperm head. The nucleus is tightly associated with the calyx, which contains calicin and basic cylicin proteins.
33151 V(D)J recombination P The process in which immune receptor V, D, and J, or V and J gene segments, depending on the specific receptor, are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS).
33152 immunoglobulin V(D)J recombination P The process in which immunoglobulin gene segments are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS). For immunoglobulin heavy chains V, D, and J gene segments are joined, and for immunoglobulin light chains V and J gene segments are joined.
33153 T cell receptor V(D)J recombination P The process in which T cell receptor V, D, and J, or V and J gene segments, depending on the specific locus, are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS).
33154 oligogalacturonide-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + oligogalacturonide(out) = ADP + phosphate + oligogalacturonide(in).
33155 oligogalacturonide transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of oligogalacturonide from one side of the membrane to the other.
33156 oligogalacturonide transport P The directed movement of oligogalacturonides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
33157 regulation of intracellular protein transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins within cells.
33158 regulation of protein import into nucleus, translocation P Any process that modulates the vectorial transfer of a protein from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane.
33159 negative regulation of protein import into nucleus, translocation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the vectorial transfer of a protein from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane.
33160 positive regulation of protein import into nucleus, translocation P Any process that activates or increases the vectorial transfer of a protein from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane.
33161 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase, any protein that can phosphorylate a MAP kinase kinase kinase.
33162 melanosome membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a melanosome.
33163 microneme membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a microneme.
33164 glycolipid 6-alpha-mannosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-D-mannosyl residue from GDP-mannose into lipid-linked oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->6)-D-mannosyl-D-mannose linkage.
33165 interphotoreceptor matrix C A specialized extracellularc matrix that surrounds the photoreceptors of the retina and lies between them and the apical surface of the retinal pigment epithelium. The IPM has been implicated in several important activities required for photoreceptor function and maintenance.
33166 hyaline layer C A multilayered extraembryonic matrix that functions as a substrate for cell adhesion through early development. It is thought to protect and lubricate the embryo, stabilize the blastomeres during morphogenesis, and regulate nutrient intake. The major constituent of the hyaline layer is the protein hyalin. This matrix has been found in echinoderms.
33167 ARC complex C A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains members of the Argonaute family of proteins, additional protein subunits, and duplex siRNA; required for heterochromatin assembly and siRNA generation. Possibly involved in the conversion of ds siRNA to ss siRNA.
33168 conversion of ds siRNA to ss siRNA involved in RNA interference P The process in which double-stranded siRNA molecules are converted to single-stranded siRNAs; required for the formation of a mature RITS complex during RNA interference.
33169 histone H3-K9 demethylation P The modification of histone H3 by the removal of a methyl group from lysine at position 9 of the histone.
33170 protein-DNA loading ATPase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to drive the assembly of a protein or protein complex onto a DNA molecule.
33172 gas vesicle shell C The proteinaceous structure surrounding a gas vesicle.
33173 calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade P Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell by activation of a member of the NFAT protein family as a consequence of NFAT dephosphorylation by Ca(2+)-activated calcineurin. The cascade begins with calcium-dependent activation of the phosphatase calcineurin. Calcineurin dephosphorylates multiple phosphoserine residues on NFAT, resulting in the translocation of NFAT to the nucleus. The cascade ends with regulation of transcription by NFAT. The calcineurin-NFAT cascade lies downstream of many cell surface receptors, including G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) that signal to mobilize calcium ions (Ca2+).
33174 chloroplast proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, catalytic core CF(1) C The catalytic sector of the mitochondrial hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase; it comprises the catalytic core and central stalk, and is peripherally associated with the chloroplast thylakoid membrane when the entire ATP synthase is assembled. The chloroplast F0 domain contains three alpha, three beta, one gamma, one delta, and one epsilon subunits.
33175 chloroplast proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, coupling factor CF(o) C All non-F1 subunits of the chloroplast hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, including integral and peripheral chloroplast thylakoid membrane proteins.
33176 proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex C A proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that couples ATP hydrolysis to the transport of protons across a concentration gradient. The resulting transmembrane electrochemical potential of H+ is used to drive a variety of (i) secondary active transport systems via H+-dependent symporters and antiporters and (ii) channel-mediated transport systems. The complex comprises a membrane sector (V0) that carries out proton transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (V1) that catalyzes ATP hydrolysis. V-type ATPases are found in the membranes of organelles such as vacuoles, endosomes, and lysosomes, and in the plasma membrane.
33177 proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex, proton-transporting domain C A protein complex that forms part of a proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex and carries out proton transport across a membrane. The proton-transporting domain (F0, V0, or A0) includes integral and peripheral membrane proteins.
33178 proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex, catalytic domain C A protein complex that forms part of a proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex and catalyzes ATP hydrolysis or synthesis. The catalytic domain (F1, V1, or A1) comprises a hexameric catalytic core and a central stalk, and is peripherally associated with the membrane when the two-sector ATPase is assembled.
33179 proton-transporting V-type ATPase, V0 domain C A protein complex that forms part of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase and mediates proton transport across a membrane. The V0 complex consists of at least four different subunits (a,c,d and e); six or more c subunits form a proton-binding rotor ring.
33180 proton-transporting V-type ATPase, V1 domain C A protein complex that forms part of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase and catalyzes ATP hydrolysis. The V1 complex consists of: (1) a globular headpiece with three alternating copies of subunits A and B that form a ring, (2) a central rotational stalk composed of single copies of subunits D and F, and (3) a peripheral stalk made of subunits C, E, G and H. Subunits A and B mediate the hydrolysis of ATP at three reaction sites associated with subunit A.
33181 plasma membrane proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex C A proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex found in the plasma membrane.
33182 regulation of histone ubiquitination P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of a ubiquitin group to a histone protein.
33183 negative regulation of histone ubiquitination P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of a ubiquitin group to a histone protein.
33184 positive regulation of histone ubiquitination P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of a ubiquitin group to a histone protein.
33185 dolichol-phosphate-mannose synthase complex C A protein complex that possesses dolichyl-phosphate beta-D-mannosyltransferase activity; contains a catalytic subunit, a regulatory subunit, and a third subunit that stabilizes the complex. In human and several other metazoa, the subunits are named DPM1, DPM2 and DPM3, respectively.
33186 CAF-1 complex C A conserved heterotrimeric protein complex that promotes histone H3 and H4 deposition onto newly synthesized DNA during replication or DNA repair; specifically facilitates replication-dependent nucleosome assembly with the major histone H3 (H3.1). In many species the CAF-1 subunits are designated p150, p60, and p48.
33188 sphingomyelin synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + ceramide = 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + sphingomyelin.
33189 response to vitamin A P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin A stimulus.
33190 solanapyrone synthase activity F Catalysis of the cyclization of double bonds in prosolanapyrone II to form (-)-solanapyrone A.
33191 macrophomate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a 2-pyrone + oxalacetate = macrophomate.
33192 calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: protein serine/threonine phosphate + H2O = protein serine/threonine + phosphate, dependent on the presence of calcium-bound calmodulin.
33193 Lsd1/2 complex C A nucleosome-binding protein complex that comprises two SWIRM domain histone demethylases and two PHD finger proteins. The complex is involved in transcriptional regulation via heterochromatic silencing and the regulation of chromatin boundary formation, and was first identified in fission yeast.
33194 response to hydroperoxide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroperoxide stimulus. Hydroperoxides are monosubstitution products of hydrogen peroxide, HOOH.
33195 response to alkyl hydroperoxide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkyl hydroperoxide stimulus. Alkyl hydroperoxides are monosubstitution products of hydrogen peroxide, HOOH, where the substituent is an alkyl group.
33196 tryparedoxin peroxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: tryparedoxin + hydrogen peroxide = tryparedoxin disulfide + H2O.
33197 response to vitamin E P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin E stimulus.
33198 response to ATP P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ATP (adenosine 5'-triphosphate) stimulus.
33200 inositol heptakisphosphate 5-kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 4-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,5,6)pentakisphosphate = 4,5-bisdiphosphoinositol-1D-myoinositol (1,2,3,6)tetrakisphosphate, and ATP + 6-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,4,5)pentakisphosphate = 5,6-bisdiphosphoinositol-1D-myoinositol (1,2,3,4)tetrakisphosphate.
33201 alpha-1,4-glucan synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: RDP-glucose + [alpha-D-glucosyl-(1,4)]n = RDP + [alpha-D-glucosyl-(1,4)]n+1, where RDP is ADP or UDP.
33202 DNA helicase complex C A protein complex that possesses DNA helicase activity.
33203 DNA helicase A complex C A homohexameric protein complex that possesses DNA helicase activity; associates with DNA polymerase alpha-primase and translocates in the 5' to 3' direction.
33204 ribonuclease P RNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the RNA subunit of ribonuclease P.
33206 meiotic cytokinesis P A cell cycle process that results in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell after meiosis, resulting in the separation of the original cell into two daughter cells.
33207 beta-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of an N-acetylgalactosaminyl residue from UDP-N-acetyl-galactosamine to an acceptor molecule, forming a beta-1,4 linkage.
33208 UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine:N-acetylneuraminyl-alpha-2,3-galactosyl-beta-R 1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine + N-acetylneuraminyl-alpha-2,3-galactosyl-beta-oligosaccharide = UDP + N-acetylgalactosaminyl-N-acetylneuraminyl-alpha-2,3-galactosyl-beta-oligosaccharide.
33209 tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a tumor necrosis factor to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
33210 leptin-mediated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of leptin to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Leptin is a hormone manufactured primarily in the adipocytes of white adipose tissue, and the level of circulating leptin is directly proportional to the total amount of fat in the body.
33211 adiponectin-activated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of adiponectin to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
33212 iron assimilation P A process in which iron is solubilized and transported into a cell.
33213 iron assimilation by capture and transport P A process in which iron (Fe3+) is solubilized by binding to a receptor or transport protein and transported into a cell.
33214 iron assimilation by chelation and transport P A process in which iron (Fe3+) is solubilized by ferric iron-specific chelators, known as siderophores, excreted by a cell; the iron-siderophore complex is then transported into the cell by specific cell surface receptors.
33215 iron assimilation by reduction and transport P A process in which iron is solubilized by reduction from Fe3+ to Fe2+ via a cell surface reductase and subsequent transport of the iron across the membrane by iron uptake proteins.
33216 ferric iron import P The directed movement of ferric iron (Fe(III) or Fe3+) ions into a cell or organelle.
33217 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to iron ion starvation P Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of deprivation of iron ions.
33218 amide binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group.
33219 urea binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with urea, a water-soluble carboxamide with the structure H2N-CO-NH2.
33220 amide-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + amide(out) = ADP + phosphate + amide(in).
33221 urea-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + urea(out) = ADP + phosphate + urea(in).
33222 xylose binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the D- or L-enantiomer of xylose.
33223 2-aminoethylphosphonate transport P The directed movement of 2-aminoethylphosphonate, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
33224 2-aminoethylphosphonate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of 2-aminoethylphosphonate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
33225 2-aminoethylphosphonate-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + 2-aminoethylphosphonate(out) = ADP + phosphate + 2-aminoethylphosphonate(in).
33226 2-aminoethylphosphonate binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with 2-aminoethylphosphonate.
33227 dsRNA transport P The directed movement of dsRNA, double-stranded ribonucleic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
33228 cysteine export P The directed movement of cysteine out of a cell or organelle.
33229 cysteine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of cysteine from one side of the membrane to the other.
33230 cysteine-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + cysteine(out/in) = ADP + phosphate + cysteine(in/out).
33231 carbohydrate export P The directed movement of carbohydrates out of a cell or organelle.
33232 D-methionine-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + D-methionine(out/in) = ADP + phosphate + D-methionine(in/out).
33233 regulation of protein sumoylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of SUMO groups to a protein.
33234 negative regulation of protein sumoylation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of SUMO groups to a protein.
33235 positive regulation of protein sumoylation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of SUMO groups to a protein.
33238 regulation of cellular amine metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform amines.
33239 negative regulation of cellular amine metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amines.
33240 positive regulation of cellular amine metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amines.
33241 regulation of cellular amine catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of amines.
33242 negative regulation of cellular amine catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of amines.
33243 positive regulation of cellular amine catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of amines.
33244 regulation of penicillin metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving any antibiotic that contains the condensed beta-lactamthiazolidine ring system.
33245 negative regulation of penicillin metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving any antibiotic that contains the condensed beta-lactamthiazolidine ring system.
33246 positive regulation of penicillin metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving any antibiotic that contains the condensed beta-lactamthiazolidine ring system.
33247 regulation of penicillin catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of any antibiotic that contains the condensed beta-lactamthiazolidine ring system.
33248 negative regulation of penicillin catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of any antibiotic that contains the condensed beta-lactamthiazolidine ring system.
33249 positive regulation of penicillin catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of any antibiotic that contains the condensed beta-lactamthiazolidine ring system.
33250 penicillinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a penicillin + H2O = a substituted beta-amino acid derivative of the penicillin.
33251 cephalosporinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a cephalosporin + H2O = a substituted beta-amino acid derivative of the cephalosporin.
33252 regulation of beta-lactamase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of beta-lactamase activity, the hydrolysis of a beta-lactam to yield a substituted beta-amino acid.
33253 regulation of penicillinase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclease activity, the hydrolysis of a penicillin to yield a substituted beta-amino acid derivative.
33254 vacuolar transporter chaperone complex C A protein complex that contains four related proteins that have been implicated in several membrane-related processes, such as sorting of H+-translocating ATPases, endocytosis, ER-Golgi trafficking, vacuole fusion, vacuolar polyphosphate homeostasis and the microautophagic scission of vesicles into the vacuolar lumen. The complex is enriched at the vacuolar membrane, but also found in other cellular compartments, including the ER and the cell periphery. In Saccharomyces, the subunits are Vtc1p, Vtc2p, Vtc3p and Vtc4p.
33255 SAS acetyltransferase complex C A protein complex that possesses histone acetyltransferase activity and links histone acetylation to the assembly of transcriptionally silent chromatin. In vitro, the complex acetylates lysine 16 of histone H4 and lysine 14 of histone H3, although the latter may not be relevant in vivo. The complex contains a catalytic subunit and at least two other subunits; in Saccharomyces, the catalytic subunit is Sas2p and additional subunits are Sas4p and Sas5p.
33256 I-kappaB/NF-kappaB complex C A protein complex containing an inhibitory-kappaB (I-kappaB/IKB) protein and one or more copies of an NF-kappaB protein. In the resting state, NF-kappaB dimers are bound to I-kappaB proteins, sequestering NF-kappaB in the cytoplasm.
33257 Bcl3/NF-kappaB2 complex C A protein complex containing one Bcl protein and one or more copies of NF-kappaB2; formation of complexes of different stoichiometry depends on the Bcl3:NF-kappaB2 ratio, and allow Bcl3 to exert different regulatory effects on NF-kappaB2-dependent transcription.
33258 plastid DNA metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving plastid DNA.
33259 plastid DNA replication P The process in which new strands of DNA are synthesized in a plastid.
33260 nuclear DNA replication P The DNA-dependent DNA replication that occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic organisms as part of the cell cycle.
33262 regulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of The DNA-dependent DNA replication that occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic organisms as part of the cell cycle.
33263 CORVET complex C A multimeric protein complex that acts as an endosomal tethering complex (CORVET = class C core vacuole/endosome tethering) by cooperating with Rab GTPases to capture endosomal vesicles and trap them prior to the action of SNAREs; the complex is involved in endo-lysosomal biogenesis and required for transport between endosome and vacuole. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae complex contains Vps8p, Vps3p, Pep5p, Vps16p, Pep3p, and Vps33p.
33265 choline binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with choline, the amine 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium.
33266 choline-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to directly drive the transport of choline across a membrane.
33267 axon part C A part of an axon, a cell projection of a neuron.
33268 node of Ranvier C An axon part that is a gap in the myelin where voltage-gated sodium channels cluster and saltatory conduction is executed.
33269 internode region of axon C An axon part that is located between the nodes of Ranvier and surrounded by compact myelin sheath.
33270 paranode region of axon C An axon part that is located adjacent to the nodes of Ranvier and surrounded by lateral loop portions of myelin sheath.
33271 myo-inositol phosphate transport P The directed movement of any phosphorylated myo-inositol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
33272 myo-inositol hexakisphosphate transport P The directed movement of myo-inositol hexakisphosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
33273 response to vitamin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin stimulus.
33274 response to vitamin B2 P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin B2 stimulus.
33275 actin-myosin filament sliding P The sliding movement of actin thin filaments and myosin thick filaments past each other.
33276 transcription factor TFTC complex C A protein complex that does not contain either a TATA-binding protein (TBP) or a TBP-like factor, but is composed of several TAFIIs and other proteins, including a histone acetyltransferase. This complex is able to nucleate transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II, can mediate transcriptional activation, and has histone acetyltransferase activity.
33277 abortive mitotic cell cycle P A cell cycle in which mitosis is begun and progresses normally through the end of anaphase, but not completed, resulting in a cell with increased ploidy.
33278 cell proliferation in midbrain P The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population in the midbrain.
33280 response to vitamin D P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin D stimulus.
33281 TAT protein transport complex C A complex of three proteins integral to the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria and membranes of organelles derived from bacteria (chloroplasts and mitochondria) involved in membrane transport of folded proteins.
33282 protein C inhibitor-acrosin complex C A heterodimeric protein complex of protein C inhibitor (SERPINA5) and acrosin; formation of the complex inhibits the protease activity of acrosin.
33283 organic acid-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + organic acid(out/in) = ADP + phosphate + organic acid(in/out).
33284 carboxylic acid-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + carboxylic acid(out/in) = ADP + phosphate + carboxylic acid(in/out).
33285 monocarboxylic acid-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + monocarboxylic acid(out/in) = ADP + phosphate + monocarboxylic acid(in/out).
33286 ectoine-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + ectoine(out/in) = ADP + phosphate + ectoine(in/out).
33287 hydroxyectoine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of hydroxyectoine from one side of the membrane to the other.
33288 hydroxyectoine-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + hydroxyectoine(out/in) = ADP + phosphate + hydroxyectoine(in/out).
33289 intraconoid microtubule C A microtubule located such that it threads through the conoid and projects through the polar ring.
33290 eukaryotic 48S preinitiation complex C A protein complex composed of the small ribosomal subunit, eIF3, eIF1A, methionyl-initiatior methionine and a capped mRNA. The complex is initially positioned at the 5'-end of the capped mRNA.
33291 eukaryotic 80S initiation complex C A protein complex composed of the large and small ribosomal subunits, methionyl-initiatior tRNA, and the capped mRNA. The initiator tRNA is positioned at the ribosomal P site at the AUG codon corresponding to the beginning of the coding region.
33292 T-tubule organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the T-tubule. A T-tubule is an invagination of the plasma membrane of a muscle cell that extends inward from the cell surface around each myofibril.
33293 monocarboxylic acid binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a monocarboxylic acid, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (COOH) group or anion (COO-).
33294 ectoine binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ectoine, 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid.
33295 hydroxyectoine binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with hydroxyectoine.
33296 rhamnose binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the D- or L-enantiomer of rhamnose.
33297 rhamnose-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + rhamnose(out/in) = ADP + phosphate + rhamnose(in/out).
33298 contractile vacuole organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a contractile vacuole. A specialized vacuole that fills with water from the cytoplasm and then discharges this externally by the opening of contractile vacuole pores.
33299 secretion of lysosomal enzymes P The controlled release of lysosomal enzymes by a cell.
33300 dehydroascorbic acid transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of dehydroascorbate, 5-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)furan-2,3,4(5H)-trione, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
33301 cell cycle comprising mitosis without cytokinesis P A mitotic cell cycle in which mitosis is completed but cytokinesis does not occur, resulting in a cell containing multiple nuclei each with a chromosomal complement of the original ploidy (usually 2N).
33302 quercetin O-glucoside metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving O-glucosylated derivatives of quercetin.
33303 quercetin O-glucoside biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of O-glucosylated derivatives of quercetin.
33304 chlorophyll a metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving chlorophyll a.
33305 chlorophyll a biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of chlorophyll a.
33306 phytol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytol, (2E,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-ol.
33307 phytol salvage P A process that generates phytol, (2E,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-ol, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
33308 hydroxyectoine transport P The directed movement of hydroxyectoine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
33309 SBF transcription complex C A protein complex that binds to the Swi4/6 cell cycle box (SCB) promoter element, consensus sequence CRCGAAA, and activates transcription during the G1/S transition of the cell cycle. In Saccharomyces, the complex contains a heterodimer of the DNA binding protein Swi6p and the activator Swi4p, and is associated with additional proteins known as Whi5p and Msa1p.
33310 chlorophyll a catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of chlorophyll a.
33311 chlorophyll a biosynthetic process via phytyl diphosphate P The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of chlorophyll a, via the intermediate phytyl diphosphate.
33312 chlorophyll a biosynthetic process via geranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a P The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of chlorophyll a, via the intermediate geranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a.
33313 meiotic cell cycle checkpoint P A cell cycle checkpoint that ensures accurate chromosome replication and segregation by preventing progression through a meiotic cell cycle until conditions are suitable for the cell to proceed to the next stage.
33314 mitotic DNA replication checkpoint P A cell cycle checkpoint that acts during a mitotic cell cycle and prevents the initiation of mitosis until DNA replication is complete, thereby ensuring that progeny inherit a full complement of the genome.
33315 meiotic DNA replication checkpoint P A cell cycle checkpoint that acts during a meiotic cell cycle and prevents the initiation of cell division until DNA replication is complete, thereby ensuring that progeny inherit a full complement of the haploid genome.
33316 meiotic spindle assembly checkpoint P A cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition of a meiotic cell cycle until the spindle is correctly assembled and chromosomes are attached to the spindle.
33317 pantothenate biosynthetic process from valine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pantothenate, the anion of pantothenic acid, from other compounds, including valine.
33318 pantothenate biosynthetic process from 2-dehydropantolactone P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pantothenate, the anion of pantothenic acid, from other compounds, including 2-dehydropantolactone.
33319 UDP-D-xylose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-D-xylose, uridinediphosphoxylose, a substance composed of xylose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
33320 UDP-D-xylose biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-D-xylose, uridinediphosphoxylose, a substance composed of xylose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
33321 homomethionine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving homomethionine, a non-protein amino acid synthesized from methionine via chain elongation.
33322 homomethionine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of homomethionine, a non-protein amino acid synthesized from methionine via chain elongation.
33323 choline biosynthetic process via CDP-choline P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), via the intermediate CDP-choline.
33324 choline biosynthetic process via N-monomethylethanolamine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), via the intermediate N-monomethylethanolamine.
33325 choline biosynthetic process via phosphoryl-ethanolamine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), via the intermediate phosphoryl-ethanolamine.
33326 cerebrospinal fluid secretion P The regulated release of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the choroid plexus of the lateral, third and fourth ventricles. The cerebrospinal fluid is a clear liquid that located within the ventricles, spinal canal, and subarachnoid spaces.
33327 Leydig cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a Leydig cell. A Leydig cell is a testosterone-secreting cell in the interstitial area, between the seminiferous tubules, in the testis.
33328 peroxisome membrane targeting sequence binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a peroxisomal membrane targeting sequence, any of several sequences of amino acids within a protein that can act as a signal for the localization of the protein into the peroxisome membrane.
33329 kaempferol O-glucoside metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving O-glucosylated derivatives of kaempferol.
33330 kaempferol O-glucoside biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of O-glucosylated derivatives of kaempferol.
33331 ent-kaurene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving ent-kaur-16-ene. Ent-kaurene is a tetracyclic diterpenoid that is a precursor of several plant isoprenoids, including gibberellins.
33332 ent-kaurene biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ent-kaurene. Ent-kaurene is a tetracyclic diterpenoid that is a precursor of several plant isoprenoids, including gibberellins.
33333 fin development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
33334 fin morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of a fin are generated and organized.
33335 anal fin development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anal fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
33336 caudal fin development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the caudal fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
33337 dorsal fin development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dorsal fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
33338 medial fin development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a medial fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
33339 pectoral fin development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pectoral fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
33340 pelvic fin development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pelvic fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
33341 regulation of collagen binding P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of collagen binding.
33342 negative regulation of collagen binding P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of collagen binding.
33343 positive regulation of collagen binding P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of collagen binding.
33344 cholesterol efflux P The directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, out of a cell or organelle.
33345 asparagine catabolic process via L-aspartate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, via the intermediate L-aspartate.
33346 asparagine catabolic process via 2-oxosuccinamate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, via the intermediate 2-oxosuccinamate.
33347 tetrose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a tetrose, any monosaccharide with a chain of four carbon atoms in the molecule.
33348 tetrose biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a tetrose, any monosaccharide with a chain of four carbon atoms in the molecule.
33349 apiose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving apiose, the branched tetrose 3-C-(hydroxymethyl)-D-glycero-tetrose.
33350 apiose biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of apiose, the branched tetrose 3-C-(hydroxymethyl)-D-glycero-tetrose.
33351 UDP-D-apiose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-D-apiose, uridinediphosphoapiose, a substance composed of apiose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
33352 UDP-D-apiose biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-D-apiose, uridinediphosphoapicose, a substance composed of apiose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
33353 S-adenosylmethionine cycle P A cyclic series of interconversions involving S-adenosylmethionine, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine, L-cysteine, and L-methionine. Couples utilization of the methyl group of SAM with recycling of the homocysteinyl group and regeneration of methionine.
33354 chlorophyll cycle P A cyclic series of interconversions involving chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and several chlorophyllide intermediates.
33355 ascorbate glutathione cycle P A cyclic series of interconversions involving L-ascorbate and glutathione that scavenges hydrogen peroxide and reduces it to water, with concomitant oxidation of NADPH.
33356 UDP-L-arabinose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-L-arabinose, uridinediphosphoarabinose, a substance composed of arabinose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
33357 L-arabinose biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-arabinose, arabino-pentose.
33358 UDP-L-arabinose biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-L-arabinose, uridinediphosphoarabinose, a substance composed of arabinose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
33359 lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelate and N-succinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine, via the intermediates diaminopimelate and N-succinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate; in this pathway tetrahydrodipicolinate is converted to meso-diaminopimelate in four enzymatic steps.
33360 lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelate and L-2-acetamido-6-oxoheptanedioate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine, via the intermediates diaminopimelate and L-2-acetamido-6-oxoheptanedioate; in this pathway tetrahydrodipicolinate is converted to meso-diaminopimelate in four enzymatic steps.
33361 lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelate, dehydrogenase pathway P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine, via the intermediate diaminopimelate; in this pathway tetrahydrodipicolinate is converted to meso-diaminopimelate in a single enzymatic step.
33362 lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelate, diaminopimelate-aminotransferase pathway P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine, via the intermediate diaminopimelate; in this pathway tetrahydrodipicolinate is converted to meso-diaminopimelate in two enzymatic steps.
33363 secretory granule organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a secretory granule. A secretory granule is a small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion.
33364 mast cell secretory granule organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a secretory granule in a mast cell. A secretory granule is a small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion.
33365 protein localization to organelle P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an organelle.
33366 protein localization to secretory granule P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a secretory granule.
33367 protein localization to mast cell secretory granule P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a secretory granule in a mast cell.
33368 protease localization to mast cell secretory granule P Any process in which a protease is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a secretory granule in a mast cell.
33369 establishment of protein localization to mast cell secretory granule P The directed movement of a protein to a location within a secretory granule in a mast cell.
33370 maintenance of protein location in mast cell secretory granule P A process in which a protein is maintained in a secretory granule in a mast cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
33371 T cell secretory granule organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a secretory granule in a T cell. A secretory granule is a small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion.
33372 establishment of protease localization to mast cell secretory granule P The directed movement of a protease to a location within a secretory granule in a mast cell.
33373 maintenance of protease location in mast cell secretory granule P A process in which a protease is maintained in a secretory granule in a mast cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
33374 protein localization to T cell secretory granule P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a secretory granule in a T cell.
33375 protease localization to T cell secretory granule P Any process in which a protease is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a secretory granule in a T cell.
33376 establishment of protein localization to T cell secretory granule P The directed movement of a protein to a location within a secretory granule in a T cell.
33377 maintenance of protein location in T cell secretory granule P A process in which a protein is maintained in a secretory granule in a T cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
33378 establishment of protease localization to T cell secretory granule P The directed movement of a protease to a location within a secretory granule in a T cell.
33379 maintenance of protease location in T cell secretory granule P A process in which a protease is maintained in a secretory granule in a T cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
33380 granzyme B localization to T cell secretory granule P Any process in which the protease granzyme B is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a secretory granule in a T cell.
33381 establishment of granzyme B localization to T cell secretory granule P The directed movement of the protease granzyme B to a location within a secretory granule in a T cell.
33382 maintenance of granzyme B location in T cell secretory granule P A process in which the protease granyme B is maintained in a secretory granule in a T cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
33383 geranyl diphosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving geranyl diphosphate, the universal precursor of the monoterpenes.
33384 geranyl diphosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of geranyl diphosphate.
33385 geranylgeranyl diphosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving geranylgeranyl diphosphate, a polyprenol compound involved in the biosynthesis of a variety of terpenoids including chlorophylls, carotenoids, tocopherols, plastoquinones, and the plant hormones gibberellins.
33386 geranylgeranyl diphosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of geranylgeranyl diphosphate.
33387 putrescine biosynthetic process from ornithine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane by decarboxylation of ornithine.
33388 putrescine biosynthetic process from arginine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane, from other compounds, including arginine.
33389 putrescine biosynthetic process from arginine, using agmatinase P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane, from other compounds, including arginine; in this pathway, arginine is converted to agmatine, and agmatine is converted to putrescine in a single enzymatic step.
33390 putrescine biosynthetic process from arginine via N-carbamoylputrescine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane, from other compounds, including arginine, via the intermediate N-carbamoylputrescine; in this pathway, arginine is converted to agmatine, and agmatine is converted to putrescine in two single enzymatic steps.
33391 chromatoid body C A ribonucleoprotein complex found in the cytoplasm of male germ cells, composed of exceedingly thin filaments that are consolidated into a compact mass or into dense strands of varying thickness that branch to form an irregular network. Contains mRNAs, miRNAs, and protein components involved in miRNA processing (such as Argonaute proteins and the endonuclease Dicer) and in RNA decay (such as the decapping enzyme DCP1a and GW182).
33393 homogalacturonan catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of homogalacturonan, a pectidic polymer, characterized by a backbone of 1,4-linked alpha-D-GalpA residues that can be methyl-esterified at C-6 and carry acetyl groups on O-2 and O-3.
33394 beta-alanine biosynthetic process via 1,3 diaminopropane P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-alanine via the intermediate 1,3 diaminopropane.
33395 beta-alanine biosynthetic process via 3-hydroxypropionate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-alanine via the intermediate 3-hydroxypropionate.
33396 beta-alanine biosynthetic process via 3-ureidopropionate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-alanine via the intermediate 3-ureidopropionate.
33397 zeatin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving zeatin, 2-methyl-4-(9H-purin-6-ylamino)but-2-en-1-ol.
33398 zeatin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of zeatin, 2-methyl-4-(9H-purin-6-ylamino)but-2-en-1-ol.
33399 cis-zeatin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving cis-zeatin, (2Z)-2-methyl-4-(9H-purin-6-ylamino)but-2-en-1-ol.
33400 trans-zeatin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving trans-zeatin, (2E)-2-methyl-4-(9H-purin-6-ylamino)but-2-en-1-ol.
33401 UUU codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UUU codon.
33402 UUC codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UUC codon.
33403 UUA codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UUA codon.
33404 UUG codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UUG codon.
33405 UCU codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UCU codon.
33406 UCC codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UCC codon.
33407 UCA codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UCA codon.
33408 UCG codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UCG codon.
33409 UAU codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UAU codon.
33410 UAC codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UAC codon.
33411 UAA codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UAA codon.
33412 UAG codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UAG codon.
33413 UGU codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UGU codon.
33414 UGC codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UGC codon.
33415 UGA codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UGA codon.
33416 UGG codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UGG codon.
33417 CUU codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CUU codon.
33418 CUC codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CUC codon.
33419 CUA codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CUA codon.
33420 CUG codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CUG codon.
33421 CCU codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CCU codon.
33422 CCC codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CCC codon.
33423 CCA codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CCA codon.
33424 CCG codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CCG codon.
33425 CAU codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CAU codon.
33426 CAC codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CAC codon.
33427 CAA codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CAA codon.
33428 CAG codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CAG codon.
33429 CGU codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CGU codon.
33430 CGC codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CGC codon.
33431 CGA codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CGA codon.
33432 CGG codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CGG codon.
33433 AUU codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AUU codon.
33434 AUC codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AUC codon.
33435 AUA codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AUA codon.
33436 AUG codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AUG codon.
33437 ACU codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an ACU codon.
33438 ACC codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an ACC codon.
33439 ACA codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an ACA codon.
33440 ACG codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an ACG codon.
33441 AAU codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AAU codon.
33442 AAC codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AAC codon.
33443 AAA codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AAA codon.
33444 AAG codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AAG codon.
33445 AGU codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AGU codon.
33446 AGC codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AGC codon.
33447 AGA codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AGA codon.
33448 AGG codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AGG codon.
33449 GUU codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GUU codon.
33450 GUC codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GUC codon.
33451 GUA codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GUA codon.
33452 GUG codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GUG codon.
33453 GCU codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GCU codon.
33454 GCC codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GCC codon.
33455 GCA codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GCA codon.
33456 GCG codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GCG codon.
33457 GAU codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GAU codon.
33458 GAC codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GAC codon.
33459 GAA codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GAA codon.
33460 GAG codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GAG codon.
33461 GGU codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GGU codon.
33462 GGC codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GGC codon.
33463 GGA codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GGA codon.
33464 GGG codon-amino acid adaptor activity F A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GGG codon.
33465 cis-zeatin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cis-zeatin, (2Z)-2-methyl-4-(9H-purin-6-ylamino)but-2-en-1-ol.
33466 trans-zeatin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of trans-zeatin, (2E)-2-methyl-4-(9H-purin-6-ylamino)but-2-en-1-ol.
33467 CMP-keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving CMP-keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid, a substance composed of the acidic sugar 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid in glycosidic linkage with cytidine monophosphate.
33468 CMP-keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CMP-keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid, a substance composed of the acidic sugar 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid in glycosidic linkage with cytidine monophosphate.
33469 gibberellin 12 metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving gibberellin 12, (1R,2S,3S,4R,8S,9S,12R)-4,8-dimethyl-13-methylidenetetracyclo[10.2.1.01,9.03,8]pentadecane-2,4-dicarboxylic acid 1meta,4a-dimethyl-8-methylidene-4aalpha,4bbeta-gibbane-1alpha,10beta-dicarboxylic acid.
33470 gibberellin 12 biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gibberellin 12, (1R,2S,3S,4R,8S,9S,12R)-4,8-dimethyl-13-methylidenetetracyclo[10.2.1.01,9.03,8]pentadecane-2,4-dicarboxylic acid 1meta,4a-dimethyl-8-methylidene-4aalpha,4bbeta-gibbane-1alpha,10beta-dicarboxylic acid.
33471 GDP-L-galactose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving GDP-L-galactose, a substance composed of L-galactose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.
33472 GDP-L-galactose biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-L-galactose, a substance composed of L-galactose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.
33473 indoleacetic acid conjugate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving any indole-3-acetic acid conjugate, a form of indoleacetic acid covalently bound to another molecule.
33474 indoleacetic acid conjugate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an indole-3-acetic acid conjugate, a form of indoleacetic acid covalently bound to another molecule.
33475 indoleacetic acid amide conjugate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an indole-3-acetic acid amide conjugate, a form of indoleacetic acid covalently bound to an amino acid or polypeptide through an amide bond.
33476 indoleacetic acid ester conjugate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an indole-3-acetic acid amide conjugate, a form of indoleacetic acid covalently bound to an a sugar or polyol through an ester bond.
33477 S-methylmethionine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving S-methyl-methionine (SMM). SMM can be converted to methionine by donating a methyl group to homocysteine, and concurrent operation of this reaction and that mediated by MMT sets up the SMM cycle.
33478 UDP-rhamnose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-L-rhamnose, a substance composed of rhamnose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
33479 UDP-D-galacturonate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-D-galacturonate, a substance composed of galacturonic acid in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
33480 UDP-D-galacturonate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-D-galacturonate, a substance composed of galacturonic acid in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
33481 galacturonate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galacturonate, the anion of galacturonic acid.
33482 D-galacturonate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-galacturonate, the D-enantiomer of galacturonate, the anion of galacturonic acid.
33483 gas homeostasis P A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of a gas within an organism or cell.
33484 nitric oxide homeostasis P A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of nitric oxide within an organism or cell.
33485 cyanidin 3-O-glucoside biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, a basic anthocyanin responsible for red to magenta coloration of flowers and fruits.
33486 delphinidin 3-O-glucoside biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of delphinidin 3-O-glucoside, a basic, water-soluble anthocyanin responsible for blue coloration of flowers and fruits.
33487 pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside, a basic anthocyanin responsible for red to magenta coloration of flowers and fruits.
33488 cholesterol biosynthetic process via 24,25-dihydrolanosterol P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, via the intermediate 24,25-dihydrolanosterol.
33489 cholesterol biosynthetic process via desmosterol P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, via the intermediate desmosterol.
33490 cholesterol biosynthetic process via lathosterol P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, via the intermediate lathosterol.
33491 coniferin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving coniferin, 4-(3-hydroxyprop-1-en-1-yl)-2-methoxyphenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside.
33492 esculetin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving esculetin, 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin.
33493 esculetin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of esculetin, 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin.
33494 ferulate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving ferulate, (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate.
33495 ferulate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ferulate, (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate.
33496 sinapate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving sinapate, (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate.
33497 sinapate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sinapate, (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate.
33498 galactose catabolic process via D-galactonate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactose, via the intermediate D-galactonate.
33499 galactose catabolic process via UDP-galactose P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactose, via the intermediate UDP-galactose.
33500 carbohydrate homeostasis P A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of a carbohydrate within an organism or cell.
33501 galactose homeostasis P A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of galactose within an organism or cell.
33502 cellular galactose homeostasis P A cellular homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of galactose within a cell or between a cell and its external environment.
33503 HULC complex C A ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme complex that contains two RING finger proteins, which have ubiquitin ligase activity, in addition to a protein with ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme activity; catalyzes the ubiquitination of histone H2B at lysine 119 (or the equivalent residue). In Schizosaccharomyces the subunits are Rhp1, Brl2/Rfp1 and Brl1/Rfp2.
33504 floor plate development P The progression of the floor plate over time from its initial formation until its mature state.
33505 floor plate morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structure of the floor plate is generated and organized.
33506 glucosinolate biosynthetic process from homomethionine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosinolates from other compounds including homomethionine.
33507 glucosinolate biosynthetic process from phenylalanine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosinolates from other compounds including phenylalanine.
33508 glutamate catabolic process to butyrate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including butyrate.
33509 glutamate catabolic process to propionate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including propionate.
33510 luteolin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving luteolin, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one.
33511 luteolin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of luteolin, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one.
33512 L-lysine catabolic process to acetyl-CoA via saccharopine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including acetyl-CoA, via the intermediate saccharopine.
33513 L-lysine catabolic process to acetyl-CoA via 5-aminopentanamide P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including acetyl-CoA, via the intermediate 5-aminopentanamide.
33514 L-lysine catabolic process to acetyl-CoA via L-pipecolate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including acetyl-CoA, via the intermediate L-pipecolate.
33515 L-lysine catabolic process using lysine 6-aminotransferase P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including alpha-aminoadipate; in this pathway, L-lysine is converted to 2-aminoadipate-6-semialdehyde by lysine 6-aminotransferase.
33516 L-methionine biosynthetic process from homoserine via O-phospho-L-homoserine and cystathionine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine from other compounds, including homoserine, via the intermediates O-phospho-L-homoserine and cystathionine.
33517 myo-inositol hexakisphosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytic acid, myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, a regulator of intracellular signaling, a highly abundant animal anti-nutrient and a phosphate and mineral storage compound in plant seeds.
33518 myo-inositol hexakisphosphate dephosphorylation P The process of removing one or more phosphate group from myo-inositol hexakisphosphate.
33519 phytyl diphosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytyl diphosphate, (2E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-yl trihydrogen diphosphate.
33520 phytol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytol, (2E,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-ol.
33521 phytyl diphosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytyl diphosphate, (2E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-yl trihydrogen diphosphate.
33522 histone H2A ubiquitination P The modification of histone H2A by addition of one or more ubiquitin groups.
33523 histone H2B ubiquitination P The modification of histone H2B by addition of ubiquitin groups.
33524 sinapate ester metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving ester derivatives of sinapate, (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate.
33525 sinapate ester biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ester derivates of sinapate, (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate.
33526 tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glutamate P The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next, from other compounds, including L-glutamate.
33527 tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glycine and succinyl-CoA P The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next, from other compounds, including glycine and succinyl-CoA.
33528 S-methylmethionine cycle P A cyclic series of interconversions involving S-methyl-L-methionine, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine, S-adenosyl-L-methionine, L-homocysteine, and L-methionine. Converts the methionine group of adenosylmethionine back to free methionine, and may serve regulate the cellular adenosylmethionine level.
33529 raffinose biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of raffinose, the trisaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside.
33530 raffinose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving raffinose, the trisaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside.
33531 stachyose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving stachyose, the tetrasaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside.
33532 stachyose biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of stachyose, the tetrasaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside.
33533 verbascose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving verbascose, the pentasaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside.
33534 verbascose biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of verbascose, the pentasaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside.
33535 ajugose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving ajugose, the hexasaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside.
33536 ajugose biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ajugose, the hexasaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside.
33537 ajugose biosynthetic process using galactinol:raffinose galactosyltransferase P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ajugose, the hexasaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside, by a pathway in which galactinol:raffinose galactosyltransferase catalyzes chain elongation by transferring the alpha-galactosyl residue of galactinol to the oligosaccharide.
33538 ajugose biosynthetic process using galactan:galactan galactosyltransferase P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ajugose, the hexasaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside, by a pathway in which galactan:galactan galactosyltransferase catalyzes chain elongation by transferring the alpha-galactosyl residue of one raffinose-family oligosaccharide to another.
33539 fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA dehydrogenase P A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway in which the initial step of each oxidation cycle, which converts an acyl-CoA to a trans-2-enoyl-CoA, is catalyzed by acyl-CoA dehydrogenase; the electrons removed by oxidation pass through the respiratory chain to oxygen and leave H2O as the product. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).
33540 fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA oxidase P A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway in which the initial step, which converts an acyl-CoA to a trans-2-enoyl-CoA, is catalyzed by acyl-CoA oxidase; the electrons removed by oxidation pass directly to oxygen and produce hydrogen peroxide, which is cleaved by peroxisomal catalases. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).
33541 fatty acid beta-oxidation, unsaturated, odd number P A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway by which fatty acids having cis-double bonds on odd-numbered carbons are degraded. In this pathway, a cis-3-enoyl-CoA is generated by the core beta-oxidation pathway, and then converted to a trans-2-enoyl-CoA, which can return to the core beta-oxidation pathway for complete degradation. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).
33542 fatty acid beta-oxidation, unsaturated, even number P A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway by which fatty acids having cis-double bonds on even-numbered carbons are degraded. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).
33543 fatty acid beta-oxidation, unsaturated, even number, reductase/isomerase pathway P A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway by which fatty acids having cis-double bonds on even-numbered carbons are degraded. In this pathway, the intermediate 2,4-dienoyl-CoA is converted to trans-2-enoyl-CoA by 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase and delta3-delta2-enoyl-CoA isomerase; trans-2-enoyl-CoA returns to the core beta-oxidation pathway for further degradation. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).
33544 fatty acid beta-oxidation, unsaturated, even number, epimerase pathway P A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway by which fatty acids having cis-double bonds on even-numbered carbons are degraded. In this pathway, the intermediate 2,4-dienoyl-CoA is converted to cis-2-enoyl-CoA through one more cycle of the core beta-oxidation pathway. Cis-2-enoyl-CoA cannot be completely degraded via the core beta-oxidation pathway because hydratation of cis-2-enoyl-CoA yields D-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA, which is not a substrate for 3-hydroxylacyl-CoA dehydrogenase. Cis-2-enoyl-CoA must enter the so-called epimerase pathway, which involves converting D-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA to L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA by 3-hydroxylacyl-CoA epimerase or by two stereo-specific enoyl-CoA hydratases. L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA then returns to the core beta-oxidation pathway. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).
33545 myo-inositol hexakisphosphate biosynthetic process, lipid-dependent P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate, phytate, by a pathway using inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate produced from phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate hydrolysis by phospholipase C.
33546 myo-inositol hexakisphosphate biosynthetic process, via inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate, phytate, by a pathway using inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate produced from phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate hydrolysis by phospholipase C; in this pathway, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is first converted to inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate, and then phosphorylated further.
33548 myo-inositol hexakisphosphate biosynthetic process, lipid-independent P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytic acid, myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, by the successively phosphorylation of myo-inositol or an inositol trisphosphate; the inositol trisphosphates that may be used by this pathway are inositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate and inositol 3,4,6trisphosphate.
33549 MAP kinase phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphorylated MAP kinase + H2O = a MAP kinase + phosphate.
33550 MAP kinase tyrosine phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: MAP kinase tyrosine phosphate + H2O = MAP kinase tyrosine + phosphate.
33551 monopolin complex C A protein complex required for clamping microtubule binding sites, ensuring orientation of sister kinetochores to the same pole (mono-orientation) during meiosis I. In the yeast S. cerevisiae this complex consists of Csm1p, Lrs4p, Hrr25p and Mam1p; in S. pombe Psc1 and Mde4 have been identified as subunits.
33552 response to vitamin B3 P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin B3 stimulus.
33553 rDNA heterochromatin C A region of heterochromatin located at the rDNA repeats in a chromosome.
33554 cellular response to stress P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
33555 multicellular organismal response to stress P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a multicellular organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
33556 dolichyl pyrophosphate Man7GlcNAc2 alpha-1,3-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the addition of a glucose residue to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor for N-linked glycosylation; the transfer of glucose from dolichyl phosphate glucose (Dol-P-Glc) on to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide Man(7)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol.
33557 Slx1-Slx4 complex C A heterodimeric protein complex that possesses an endonuclease activity that specifically cleaves certain types of branched DNA structures; because such structures often form during the replication ribosomal DNA (rDNA) repeats, the complex plays a role in the maintenance of rDNA. The subunits are known as Slx1 and Slx 4 in budding and fission yeasts, and are conserved in eukaryotes.
33558 protein deacetylase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of an acetyl group or groups from a protein substrate.
33559 unsaturated fatty acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving an unsaturated fatty acid, any fatty acid containing one or more double bonds between carbon atoms.
33560 folate reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydrofolate + NADP+ = folate + NADPH + H+.
33561 regulation of water loss via skin P A process that modulates the rate or extent of water loss from an organism via the skin.
33562 co-transcriptional gene silencing by RNA interference machinery P A process in which the RNAi machinery mediates the degradation of nascent transcripts in association with chromatin.
33563 dorsal/ventral axon guidance P The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone is directed to a specific target site along the dorsal-ventral body axis in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism.
33564 anterior/posterior axon guidance P The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone is directed to a specific target site along the anterior-posterior body axis in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism.
33565 ESCRT-0 complex C A protein complex required for the recycling of Golgi proteins, formation of lumenal membranes and sorting of ubiquitinated proteins into those membranes. This complex includes Vps1p and Hse1p in yeast and the Hrs and STAM proteins in mammals.
33566 gamma-tubulin complex localization P Any process in which a gamma-tubulin complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
33567 DNA replication, Okazaki fragment processing P The DNA metabolic process, occurring during lagging strand synthesis, by which RNA primers are removed from Okazaki fragments, the resulting gaps filled by DNA polymerization, and the ends ligated to form a continuous strand.
33568 lactoferrin receptor activity F Combining with lactoferrin and delivering lactoferrin into the cell via endocytosis. Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein which binds ferric iron most efficiently at low pH.
33569 lactoferrin transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of lactoferrin from one side of a membrane to the other.
33570 transferrin transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of transferrin from one side of a membrane to the other.
33571 lactoferrin transport P The directed movement of lactoferrin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
33572 transferrin transport P The directed movement of transferrin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
33573 high-affinity iron permease complex C A protein complex composed of a multicopper ferroxidase that oxidizes Fe(II) to Fe(III), and a ferric iron permease that transports the produced Fe(III) into the cell. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
33574 response to testosterone P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a testosterone stimulus.
33575 protein glycosylation at cell surface P The addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid at the surface of a cell.
33576 protein glycosylation in cytosol P The addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid in the cytosol.
33577 protein glycosylation in endoplasmic reticulum P The addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid in the endoplasmic reticulum.
33578 protein glycosylation in Golgi P The addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid in any compartment of the Golgi apparatus.
33579 protein galactosylation in endoplasmic reticulum P The addition of a galactose unit to a protein amino acid in the endoplasmic reticulum.
33580 protein galactosylation at cell surface P The addition of a galactose unit to a protein amino acid at the surface of a cell.
33581 protein galactosylation in Golgi P The addition of a galactose unit to a protein amino acid in any compartment of the Golgi apparatus.
33582 protein galactosylation in cytosol P The addition of a galactose unit to a protein amino acid in the cytosol.
33583 rhabdomere membrane C The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding the rhabdomere.
33584 tyrosine biosynthetic process from chorismate via L-arogenate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tyrosine from other compounds, including chorismate, via the intermediate L-arogenate.
33585 L-phenylalanine biosynthetic process from chorismate via phenylpyruvate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-phenylalanine from other compounds, including chorismate, via the intermediate phenylpyruvate.
33586 L-phenylalanine biosynthetic process from chorismate via L-arogenate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-phenylalanine from other compounds, including chorismate, via the intermediate L-arogenate.
33587 shikimate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of shikimate, (3R,4S,5R)--3,4,5-trihydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylate, the anion of shikimic acid.
33588 Elongator holoenzyme complex C A heterohexameric protein complex that is involved in modification of wobble nucleosides in tRNA. The complex can associate physically with hyperphosphorylated RNA polymerase II; it contains two discrete heterotrimeric subcomplexes.
33590 response to cobalamin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cobalamin (vitamin B12) stimulus.
33591 response to L-ascorbic acid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) stimulus.
33592 RNA strand annealing activity F Facilitates the base-pairing of complementary single-stranded RNA.
33593 BRCA2-MAGE-D1 complex C A heterodimeric protein complex formed of BRCA2 and MAGE-D1; may mediate the synergistic activities of the two proteins in regulating cell growth.
33594 response to hydroxyisoflavone P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroxyisoflavone stimulus.
33595 response to genistein P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a genistein stimulus.
33596 TSC1-TSC2 complex C A protein complex consisting of at least tumerin and hamartin; its formation may regulate hamartin homomultimer formation. The complex acts as a GTPase activating protein (GAP) for the small GTPase (Rheb), and inhibits the TOR signaling pathway.
33597 mitotic checkpoint complex C A multiprotein complex that functions as a mitotic checkpoint inhibitor of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). In budding yeast this complex consists of Mad2p, Mad3p, Bub3p and Cdc20p, and in mammalian cells it consists of MAD2, BUBR1, BUB3, and CDC20.
33598 mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of mammary gland epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Mammary gland epithelial cells make up the covering of surfaces of the mammary gland. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk.
33599 regulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation.
33600 negative regulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation.
33601 positive regulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation.
33602 negative regulation of dopamine secretion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of dopamine.
33603 positive regulation of dopamine secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of dopamine.
33604 negative regulation of catecholamine secretion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a catecholamine.
33605 positive regulation of catecholamine secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a catecholamine.
33606 chemokine receptor transport within lipid bilayer P The directed movement of a chemokine receptor within a lipid bilayer.
33607 SOD1-Bcl-2 complex C A heterodimeric protein complex formed of superoxide dismutase 1 and Bcl-2. Complex formation is thought to link superoxide dismutase to an apoptotic pathway.
33608 formyl-CoA transferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: formyl-CoA + oxalate = formate + oxalyl-CoA.
33609 oxalate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving oxalate, the organic acid ethanedioate.
33610 oxalate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of oxalate, the organic acid ethanedioate.
33611 oxalate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of oxalate, the organic acid ethanedioate.
33612 receptor serine/threonine kinase binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a receptor that possesses protein serine/threonine kinase activity.
33613 activating transcription factor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an activating transcription factor, any protein whose activity is required to initiate or upregulate transcription.
33614 chloroplast proton-transporting ATP synthase complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a proton-transporting ATP synthase in the chloroplast thylakoid membrane.
33615 mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a proton-transporting ATP synthase in the mitochondrial inner membrane.
33616 plasma membrane proton-transporting ATP synthase complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a proton-transporting ATP synthase in the plasma membrane.
33617 mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form respiratory chain complex IV (also known as cytochrome c oxidase) in the mitochondrial inner membrane.
33618 plasma membrane respiratory chain complex IV assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form respiratory chain complex IV (also known as cytochrome c oxidase) in the plasma membrane.
33619 membrane protein proteolysis P The proteolytic cleavage of a transmembrane protein leading to the release of its intracellular or ecto-domains.
33620 Mei2 nuclear dot complex C A ribonucleoprotein complex that forms during meiotic prophase in a fixed position in the horsetail nucleus; contains Mei2 and meiRNA. May play a role in the progression of meiosis I.
33621 nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, meiosis-specific transcripts P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the selective degradation of meiosis-specific transcripts during vegetative growth, by a mechanism that requires determinant of selective removal (DSR) sequences in the targeted mRNAs and involves a YTH family protein.
33622 integrin activation P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of an integrin, a heterodimeric adhesion receptor formed by the non-covalent association of particular alpha and beta subunits, that lead to the increased affinity of the integrin for its extracellular ligands.
33623 regulation of integrin activation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of integrin activation.
33624 negative regulation of integrin activation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of integrin activation.
33625 positive regulation of integrin activation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of integrin activation.
33626 positive regulation of integrin activation by cell surface receptor linked signal transduction P Any series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell that lead to the increased affinity of an integrin, a heterodimeric adhesion receptor formed by the non-covalent association of particular alpha and beta subunits, for its extracellular ligands.
33627 cell adhesion mediated by integrin P The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via an integrin, a heterodimeric adhesion receptor formed by the non-covalent association of particular alpha and beta subunits.
33628 regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cell adhesion mediated by integrin.
33629 negative regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of cell adhesion mediated by integrin.
33630 positive regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of cell adhesion mediated by integrin.
33631 cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin P The attachment of one cell to another cell via an integrin, a heterodimeric adhesion receptor formed by the non-covalent association of particular alpha and beta subunits.
33632 regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin.
33633 negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin.
33634 positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin.
33635 modulation by symbiont of host response to abiotic stimulus P Any process in which an organism modulates a change in the state or activity of a host cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abiotic (non-living) stimulus. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
33636 modulation by symbiont of host response to temperature stimulus P Any process in which an organism modulates a change in state or activity of a host cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a temperature stimulus. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
33637 modulation by symbiont of host response to cold P Any process in which an organism modulates a change in state or activity of a host cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cold stimulus, a temperature stimulus below the optimal temperature for that organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
33638 modulation by symbiont of host response to heat P Any process in which an organism modulates a change in state or activity of a host cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
33639 modulation by symbiont of host response to water P Any process in which an organism modulates a change in state or activity of a host cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a water stimulus. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
33640 modulation by symbiont of host response to osmotic stress P Any process in which an organism modulates a change in state or activity of a host cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
33641 modulation by symbiont of host response to pH P Any process in which an organism modulates a change in state or activity of a host cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
33642 modulation by symbiont of host response to gravitational stimulus P Any process in which an organism modulates a change in state or activity of a host cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gravitational stimulus. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
33643 host cell part C Any constituent part of a host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
33644 host cell membrane C Double layer of lipid molecules as it encloses host cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
33645 host cell endomembrane system C A collection of membranous structures involved in transport within the host cell. The main components of the endomembrane system are endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, vesicles, cell membrane and nuclear envelope. Members of the endomembrane system pass materials through each other or though the use of vesicles. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
33646 host intracellular part C Any constituent part of the living contents of a host cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
33647 host intracellular organelle C Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the host cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
33648 host intracellular membrane-bounded organelle C Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, as found in host cells, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
33650 host cell mitochondrion C A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle as found in host cells that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cell cytoplasm. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
33651 host cell plastid C Any member of a family of organelles as found in the cytoplasm of host cells, which are membrane-bounded and contain DNA. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
33652 host cell chloroplast C A chlorophyll-containing plastid as found within host cells with thylakoids organized into grana and frets, or stroma thylakoids, and embedded in a stroma. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
33653 host cell chloroplast part C Any constituent part of a chloroplast as it is found in host cells and which are a chlorophyll-containing plastid with thylakoids organized into grana and frets, or stroma thylakoids, and embedded in a stroma. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
33654 host cell chloroplast thylakoid membrane C Any sac-like membranous structures (cisternae) in a chloroplast found in host cells, combined into stacks (grana) and present singly in the stroma (stroma thylakoids or frets) as interconnections between grana. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
33655 host cell cytoplasm part C Any constituent part of the host cell cytoplasm, all of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
33656 modification by symbiont of host chloroplast P The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of host cell chloroplasts. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
33657 modification by symbiont of host chloroplast part P The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of a component of the host cell chloroplast. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
33658 modification by symbiont of host chloroplast thylakoid P The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of the host cell chloroplast thylakoid. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
33659 modification by symbiont of host mitochondrion P The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of host cell mitochondria. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
33660 negative regulation by symbiont of host resistance gene-dependent defense response P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the resistance gene-dependent defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
33661 negative regulation by symbiont of defense-related host reactive oxygen species production P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the production of reactive oxygen species as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
33662 modulation by symbiont of host defense-related protein level P The alternation by a symbiont of the levels of defense-related proteins in its host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
33663 negative regulation by symbiont of host defense-related protein level P Any process in which the symbiont stops or reduces of the levels of defense-related proteins in its host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
33664 positive regulation by symbiont of host defense-related protein level P Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases levels of defense-related proteins in its host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
33668 negative regulation by symbiont of host apoptotic process P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host, where programmed cell death proceeds by apoptosis. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
33670 regulation of NAD+ kinase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of NAD kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to an NAD molecule.
33671 negative regulation of NAD+ kinase activity P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of NAD kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to an NAD molecule.
33672 positive regulation of NAD+ kinase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of NAD kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to an NAD molecule.
33673 negative regulation of kinase activity P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.
33674 positive regulation of kinase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.
33675 pericanalicular vesicle C A membrane-bounded vesicle found near the apical, or pericanalicular, membrane of a hepatocyte; contains proteins involved in bile salt transport and other fluid and solute transport processes.
33676 double-stranded DNA-dependent ATPase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; this reaction requires the presence of double-stranded DNA, and it drives another reaction.
33677 DNA/RNA helicase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NTP + H2O = NDP + phosphate; this reaction drives the unwinding of a DNA/RNA duplex, i.e. a double helix in which a strand of DNA pairs with a complementary strand of RNA.
33678 5'-3' DNA/RNA helicase activity F Catalysis of the unwinding of a DNA/RNA duplex in the direction 5' to 3'.
33679 3'-5' DNA/RNA helicase activity F Catalysis of the unwinding of a DNA/RNA duplex in the direction 3' to 5'.
33680 ATP-dependent DNA/RNA helicase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; this reaction drives the unwinding of a DNA/RNA duplex.
33681 ATP-dependent 3'-5' DNA/RNA helicase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; this reaction drives the unwinding of a DNA/RNA duplex in the direction 3' to 5'.
33682 ATP-dependent 5'-3' DNA/RNA helicase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; this reaction drives the unwinding of a DNA/RNA duplex in the direction 5' to 3'.
33683 nucleotide-excision repair, DNA incision P A process that results in the endonucleolytic cleavage of the damaged strand of DNA. The incision occurs at the junction of single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA that is formed when the DNA duplex is unwound.
33684 regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of luteinizing hormone.
33685 negative regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of luteinizing hormone.
33686 positive regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of luteinizing hormone.
33687 osteoblast proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of osteoblasts, resulting in the expansion of an osteoblast cell population. An osteoblast is a bone-forming cell which secretes an extracellular matrix. Hydroxyapatite crystals are then deposited into the matrix to form bone.
33688 regulation of osteoblast proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast proliferation.
33689 negative regulation of osteoblast proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of osteoblast proliferation.
33690 positive regulation of osteoblast proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of osteoblast proliferation.
33691 sialic acid binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with sialic acid, any of a variety of N- or O- substituted derivatives of neuraminic acid, a nine carbon monosaccharide. Sialic acids often occur in polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids in animals and bacteria.
33692 cellular polysaccharide biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides, polymers of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically, occurring at the level of an individual cell.
33693 neurofilament bundle assembly P The assembly of neurofilaments into bundles, in which the filaments are longitudinally oriented, with numerous crossbridges between them. Neurofilament bundles may be cross-linked to each other, to membrane-bounded organelles or other cytoskeletal structures such as microtubules.
33694 oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors, iron-sulfur protein as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an iron-sulfur protein.
33695 oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH or CH2 groups, quinone or similar compound as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a quinone or similar acceptor molecule.
33696 negative regulation of extent of heterochromatin assembly P Any process that reduces the extent of heterochromatin formation; reduces the size of a chromosomal region converted to heterochromatin.
33697 positive regulation of extent of heterochromatin assembly P Any process that increases the extent of heterochromatin formation; increases the size of a chromosomal region converted to heterochromatin.
33698 Rpd3L complex C A histone deacetylase complex which deacetylates histones across gene coding regions. Composed of a catalytic histone deacetylase subunit, an Sds-3 family protein, a SIN3 family co-repressor, a WD repeat protein, and a zf- PHD finger (Clr6, Sds3, Pst1, Prw1, Png2 in Schizosaccharomyces pombe; Rpd3p, Sin3p, Ume1p, Pho23p, Sap30p, Sds3p, Cti6p, Rxt2p, Rxt3p, Dep1p, Ume6p and Ash1p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae).
33699 DNA 5'-adenosine monophosphate hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5'-AMP-DNA + H2O = AMP + DNA; nucleophilic release of a covalently linked adenylate residue from a DNA strand, leaving a 5' phosphate terminus.
33700 phospholipid efflux P The directed movement of a phospholipid out of a cell or organelle.
33701 dTDP-galactose 6-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-D-galactose + 2 NADP+ + H2O = dTDP-D-galacturonate + 2 NADPH + 2 H+.
33702 (+)-trans-carveol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (1R,5S)-carveol + NAD(+) = (S)-carvone + H(+) + NADH.
33703 3beta-hydroxy-5beta-steroid dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3beta-hydroxy-5beta-pregnane-20-one + NADP(+) = 5beta-pregnan-3,20-dione + H(+) + NADPH.
33704 3beta-hydroxy-5alpha-steroid dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3beta-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnane-20-one + NADP(+) = 5alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione + H(+) + NADPH.
33705 GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-6-deoxy-D-mannose + NAD(P)+ = GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose + NAD(P)H + H+.
33707 3''-deamino-3''-oxonicotianamine reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxymugineic acid + NAD(P)+ = 3''-deamino-3''-oxonicotianamine + NAD(P)H + H+.
33708 isocitrate-homoisocitrate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reactions: isocitrate + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADH, and (1R,2S)-1-hydroxybutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylate + NAD+ = 2-oxoadipate + CO2 + NADH + H+.
33709 D-arabinitol dehydrogenase, D-ribulose forming (NADP+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinitol + NADP+ = D-ribulose + NADPH + H+.
33711 4-phosphoerythronate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-phospho-D-erythronate + NAD(+) = (R)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-phosphonooxybutanoate + H(+) + NADH.
33712 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose reductase (1,5-anhydro-D-mannitol-forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,5-anhydro-D-mannitol + NADP(+) = 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose + H(+) + NADPH.
33713 choline:oxygen 1-oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: choline + O2 = betaine aldehyde + hydrogen peroxide.
33714 secondary-alcohol oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: O(2) + secondary alcohol = H(2)O(2) + ketone.
33715 nucleoside oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reactions: inosine + O2 = 9-riburonosylhypoxanthine + 2 H2O; (1a) 2 inosine + O2 = 2 5'-dehydroinosine + 2 H2O, and (1b) 2 5'-dehydroinosine + O2 = 2 9-riburonosylhypoxanthine + 2 H2O.
33716 nucleoside oxidase (hydrogen peroxide-forming) activity F Catalysis of the reactions: adenosine + 2 O2 = 9-riburonosyladenine + 2 hydrogen peroxide; (1a) adenosine + O2 = 5'-dehydroadenosine + hydrogen peroxide, and (1b) 5'-dehydroadenosine + O2 = 9-riburonosyladenine + hydrogen peroxide.
33717 gluconate 2-dehydrogenase (acceptor) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-gluconate + acceptor = 2-dehydro-D-gluconate + reduced acceptor.
33718 pyranose dehydrogenase (acceptor) activity F Catalysis of the reactions: pyranose + acceptor = 2-dehydropyranose (or 3-dehydropyranose or 2,3-didehydropyranose) + reduced acceptor, and a pyranoside + acceptor = a 3-dehydropyranoside (or 3,4-didehydropyranoside) + reduced acceptor.
33719 2-oxo-acid reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a (2R)-hydroxy-carboxylate + acceptor = a 2-oxo-carboxylate + reduced acceptor.
33720 (S)-mandelate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetate + acceptor = 2-oxo-2-phenylacetate + reduced acceptor.
33721 aldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an aldehyde + NADP+ + H2O = an acid + NADPH + H+.
33722 malonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxopropanoate + NAD(P)+ + H2O = malonate + NAD(P)H + H+.
33723 fluoroacetaldehyde dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: fluoroacetaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = fluoroacetate + NADH + 2 H+.
33726 aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an aldehyde + H2O + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = an acid + 2 H+ + 2 reduced ferredoxin.
33727 aldehyde dehydrogenase (FAD-independent) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an aldehyde + H2O + acceptor = a carboxylate + reduced acceptor.
33728 divinyl chlorophyllide a 8-vinyl-reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: chlorophyllide a + NADP+ = divinyl chlorophyllide a + NADPH + H+.
33729 anthocyanidin reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a flavan-3-ol + 2 NAD(P)+ = an anthocyanidin + 2 NAD(P)H + H+.
33730 arogenate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-arogenate + NADP+ = L-tyrosine + NADPH + CO2.
33731 arogenate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-arogenate + NAD(P)+ = L-tyrosine + NAD(P)H + CO2.
33732 pyrroloquinoline-quinone synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 6-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-7,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-2,4-dicarboxylate + 3 O(2) = 2 H(2)O + 2 H(2)O(2) + H(+) + pyrroloquinoline quinone.
33734 (R)-benzylsuccinyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-benzylsuccinyl-CoA + 2 electron-transferring flavoprotein = (E)-2-benzylidenesuccinyl-CoA + 2 reduced electron-transferring flavoprotein.
33735 aspartate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + H2O + NAD(P)+ = oxaloacetate + NH3 + NAD(P)H + H+.
33736 L-lysine 6-oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + H(2)O + O(2) = allysine + H(2)O(2) + NH(4)(+).
33737 1-pyrroline dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-pyrroline + NAD+ + 2 H2O = 4-aminobutanoate + NADH + 2 H+.
33738 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (ferredoxin) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methyltetrahydrofolate + oxidized ferredoxin = 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + reduced ferredoxin.
33739 preQ1 synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 7-aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine + 2 NADP(+) = 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine + 3 H(+) + 2 NADPH.
33740 hydroxylamine oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reactions: hydroxylamine + NH3 = hydrazine + H2O, and hydrazine + acceptor = N2 + reduced acceptor.
33741 adenylyl-sulfate reductase (glutathione) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: AMP + glutathione disulfide + H(+) + sulfite = 5'-adenylyl sulfate + 2 glutathione.
33743 peptide-methionine (R)-S-oxide reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: peptide-L-methionine + H(2)O + thioredoxin disulfide = peptide-L-methionine (R)-S-oxide + thioredoxin. Can act on oxidized methionine in peptide linkage with specificity for the R enantiomer. Thioredoxin disulfide is the oxidized form of thioredoxin.
33744 L-methionine:thioredoxin-disulfide S-oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin.
33745 L-methionine-(R)-S-oxide reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = L-methionine (R)-S-oxide + thioredoxin.
33746 histone demethylase activity (H3-R2 specific) F Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from arginine at position 2 of the histone H3 protein.
33748 hydrogenase (acceptor) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2 + A = AH2.
33749 histone demethylase activity (H4-R3 specific) F Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from arginine at position 3 of the histone H4 protein.
33750 ribosome localization P A process in which a ribosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location.
33751 linoleate diol synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: linoleate + O2 = (9Z,12Z)-(7S,8S)-dihydroxyoctadeca-9,12-dienoate.
33752 acetylacetone-cleaving enzyme activity F Catalysis of the reaction: pentane-2,4-dione + O2 = acetate + 2-oxopropanal.
33753 establishment of ribosome localization P The directed movement of the ribosome to a specific location.
33754 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: tryptophan + O2 = N-formylkynurenine. The product of the reaction depends on the substrate; D-tryptophan produces N-formyl-D-kynurenine, and L-tryptophan produces N-formyl-L-kynurenine.
33755 sulfur oxygenase/reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4 sulfur + 4 H2O + O2 = 2 hydrogen sulfide + 2 bisulfite + 2 H+.
33756 Oplophorus-luciferin 2-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: Oplophorus luciferin + O2 = oxidized Oplophorus luciferin + CO2 + hnu.
33757 glucoside 3-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose + acceptor = 3-dehydro-alpha-D-glucosyl-beta-D-fructofuranoside + reduced acceptor.
33758 clavaminate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reactions: deoxyamidinoproclavaminate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = amidinoproclavaminate + succinate + CO2 + H2O; proclavaminate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = dihydroclavaminate + succinate + CO2 + 2 H2O; and dihydroclavaminate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = clavaminate + succinate + CO2 + 2 H2O.
33759 flavone synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a flavanone + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = a flavone + succinate + CO2 + H2O.
33760 2'-deoxymugineic-acid 2'-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxymugineate + 2-oxoglutarate + O(2) = CO(2) + H(+) + mugineate + succinate.
33761 mugineic-acid 3-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reactions: mugineic acid + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 3-epihydroxymugineic acid + succinate + CO2.
33762 response to glucagon P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucagon stimulus.
33763 proline 3-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = cis-3-hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2.
33764 steroid dehydrogenase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD+ or NADP, and in which one substrate is a sterol derivative.
33765 steroid dehydrogenase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-CH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor, and in which one substrate is a sterol derivative.
33766 2-hydroxyquinoline 8-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(+) + NADH + O(2) + quinolin-2-ol = H(2)O + NAD(+) + quinoline-2,8-diol.
33767 4-hydroxyacetophenone monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4'-hydroxyacetophenone + H(+) + NADPH + O(2) = 4-hydroxyphenyl acetate + H(2)O + NADP(+).
33768 SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase complex C A nuclear ubiquitin ligase complex that specifically targets SUMOylated proteins; the complex is formed of homodimers or heterodimers of RNF4 family ubiquitin ligases and is conserved in eukaryotes.
33769 glyceollin synthase activity F Catalysis of the reactions: 2-dimethylallyl-(6aS,11aS)-3,6a,9-trihydroxypterocarpan + NADPH + H+ + O2 = glyceollin + NADP+ + 2 H2O, and 4-dimethylallyl-(6aS,11aS)-3,6a,9-trihydroxypterocarpan + NADPH + H+ + O2 = glyceollin + NADP+ + 2 H2O.
33770 2-hydroxyisoflavanone synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: apigenin + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ + O2 = 2-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrogenistein + 2 NADP+ + H2O.
33771 licodione synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(+) + liquiritigenin + NADPH + O(2) = H(2)O + licodione + NADP(+).
33772 flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reactions: a flavanone + NADPH + H+ + O2 = a 3'-hydroxyflavanone + NADP+ + H2O, and a 3'-hydroxyflavanone + NADPH + H+ + O2 = a 3',5'-dihydroxyflavanone + NADP+ + H2O.
33773 isoflavone 2'-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an isoflavone + NADPH + H+ + O2 = a 2'-hydroxyisoflavone + NADP+ + H2O.
33774 basal labyrinth C A region in the lower half of some cells formed from extensive infoldings of the basal plasma membrane; includes cytoplasm adjacent to the infolded membrane.
33775 deoxysarpagine hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 10-deoxysarpagine + H(+) + NADPH + O(2) = H(2)O + NADP(+) + sarpagine.
33776 phenylacetone monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(+) + NADPH + O(2) + phenylacetone = benzyl acetate + H(2)O + NADP(+).
33777 lithocholate 6beta-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(+) + lithocholate + NADPH + O(2) = 6-beta-hydroxylithocholate + H(2)O + NADP(+).
33778 7alpha-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one 12alpha-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 7alpha-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one + H(+) + NADPH + O(2) = 7alpha,12alpha-dihydroxycholest-4-en-3-one + H(2)O + NADP(+).
33779 5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha-diol 12alpha-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha-diol + H(+) + NADPH + O(2) = 5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-triol + H(2)O + NADP(+).
33780 taurochenodeoxycholate 6alpha-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reactions: taurochenodeoxycholate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = taurohyocholate + NADP+ + H2O, and lithocholate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = hyodeoxycholate + NADP+ + H2O.
33781 cholesterol 24-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cholesterol + H(+) + NADPH + O(2) = (24S)-24-hydroxycholesterol + H(2)O + NADP(+).
33782 24-hydroxycholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (24R)-cholest-5-ene-3beta,24-diol + H(+) + NADPH + O(2) = (24R)-7alpha,24-dihydroxycholesterol + H(2)O + NADP(+).
33783 25-hydroxycholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reactions: cholest-5-ene-3beta,25-diol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = cholest-5-ene-3beta,7alpha,25-triol + NADP+ + H2O, and cholest-5-ene-3beta,27-diol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = cholest-5-ene-3beta,7alpha,27-triol + NADP+ + H2O.
33784 senecionine N-oxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(+) + NADPH + O(2) + senecionine = H(2)O + NADP(+) + senecionine N-oxide.
33785 heptose 7-phosphate kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-alpha,beta-D-heptose-7-phosphate + ATP = D-beta-D-heptose-1,7-bisphosphate + ADP.
33786 heptose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-beta-D-heptose-1-phosphate + ATP = ADP-D-glycero-D-manno-heptose.
33787 cyanocobalamin reductase (cyanide-eliminating) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cob(I)alamin + hydrogen cyanide + NADP(+) = cyanocob(III)alamin + H(+) + NADPH.
33788 leucoanthocyanidin reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O = 2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+.
33789 phenylacetyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 1,4-benzoquinone + H(2)O + phenylacetyl-CoA = 2 hydroquinone + phenylglyoxylyl-CoA.
33790 hydroxymethylfurfural reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxymethylfurfural + NAD(P)H + H+ = 2,5-bis-hydroxymethylfuran + NAD(P)+.
33791 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA 24-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoA + H2O + acceptor = (24R,25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24-tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoA + reduced acceptor.
33792 bile-acid 7alpha-dehydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reactions: deoxycholate + FAD + H2O = cholate + FADH2, and lithocholate + FAD + H2O = chenodeoxycholate + FADH2.
33793 aureusidin synthase activity F Catalysis of the reactions: 2',4,4',6'-tetrahydroxychalcone + O2 = aureusidin + H2O, and 2',3,4,4',6'-pentahydroxychalcone + 1/2 O2 = aureusidin + H2O.
33794 sarcosine reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl phosphate + methylamine + thioredoxin disulfide = N-methylglycine + phosphate + thioredoxin.
33795 betaine reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl phosphate + trimethylamine + thioredoxin disulfide = N,N,N-trimethylglycine + phosphate + thioredoxin.
33796 sulfur reductase activity F Catalysis of the reduction of elemental sulfur or polysulfide to hydrogen sulfide.
33797 selenate reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 e(-) + 2 H(+) + selenate = H(2)O + selenite.
33798 thyroxine 5-deiodinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H+ = L-thyroxine + AH2.
33799 myricetin 3'-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + myricetin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + laricitrin.
33800 isoflavone 7-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a 7-hydroxyisoflavone = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a 7-methoxyisoflavone.
33801 vitexin 2''-O-rhamnoside 7-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + vitexin 2''-O-beta-L-rhamnoside = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 7-O-methylvitexin 2''-O-beta-L-rhamnoside.
33802 isoliquiritigenin 2'-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + isoliquiritigenin = 2'-O-methylisoliquiritigenin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+).
33803 kaempferol 4'-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + kaempferol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+) + kaempferide.
33806 fluorothreonine transaldolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-threonine + fluoroacetaldehyde = acetaldehyde + 4-fluoro-L-threonine.
33807 icosanoyl-CoA synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: stearoyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA + 2 NAD(P)H + 2 H+ = icosanoyl-CoA + CO2 + 2 NAD(P)+.
33808 6'-deoxychalcone synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3 malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ = 4 CoA + isoliquiritigenin + 3 CO2 + NADP+ + H2O.
33809 anthocyanin 6''-O-malonyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: malonyl-CoA + an anthocyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside = CoA + an anthocyanidin 3-O-(6-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucoside).
33810 anthocyanin 5-O-glucoside 6'''-O-malonyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: malonyl-CoA + pelargonidin 3-O-(6-caffeoyl-beta-D-glucoside) 5-O-beta-D-glucoside = CoA + 4'''-demalonylsalvianin.
33811 flavonol-3-O-triglucoside O-coumaroyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-coumaroyl-CoA + a flavonol 3-O-[beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside] = CoA + a flavonol 3-O-[6-(4-coumaroyl)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside].
33812 3-oxoadipyl-CoA thiolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: succinyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA = CoA + 3-oxoadipyl-CoA.
33813 deacetylcephalosporin-C acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + deacetylcephalosporin C = cephalosporin C + CoA.
33814 propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholanoyl-CoA + propanoyl-CoA = CoA + 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-24-oxo-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA.
33815 biphenyl synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3 malonyl-CoA + benzoyl-CoA = 4 CoA + 3,5-dihydroxybiphenyl + 4 CO2.
33816 diaminobutyrate acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-2,4-diaminobutyrate + acetyl-CoA = N(4)-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutyrate + CoA + H(+).
33817 beta-ketoacyl-acyl-carrier-protein synthase II activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (Z)-hexadec-11-enoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + malonyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = (Z)-3-oxooctadec-13-enoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + CO2 + [acyl-carrier protein].
33818 beta-ketoacyl-acyl-carrier-protein synthase III activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + malonyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = acetoacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + CoA + CO2.
33819 lipoyl(octanoyl) transferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: octanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + protein = protein N6-(octanoyl)lysine + acyl-carrier protein.
33820 DNA alpha-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-D-glucosyl residue from UDP-glucose to a hydroxymethylcytosine residue in DNA.
33821 DNA beta-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a beta-D-glucosyl residue from UDP-glucose to a hydroxymethylcytosine residue in DNA.
33822 glucosyl-DNA beta-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a beta-D-glucosyl residue from UDP-glucose to a glucosylhydroxymethylcytosine residue in DNA.
33823 procollagen glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + 5-(D-galactosyloxy)-L-lysine-procollagen = UDP + 1,2-D-glucosyl-5-D-(galactosyloxy)-L-lysine-procollagen.
33824 alternansucrase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-D-glucosyl residue from sucrose to alternately the 6-position and the 3-position of the non-reducing terminal residue of an alpha-D-glucan, thus producing a glucan having alternating alpha-1,6- and alpha-1,3-linkages.
33825 oligosaccharide 4-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of the non-reducing terminal alpha-D-glucose residue from a 1,4-alpha-D-glucan to the 4-position of an alpha-D-glucan, thus bringing about the hydrolysis of oligosaccharides.
33826 xyloglucan 4-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a beta-D-glucosyl residue from UDP-glucose on to a glucose residue in xyloglucan, forming a beta-1,4-D-glucosyl-D-glucose linkage.
33827 high-mannose-oligosaccharide beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of an N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residue from UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine to the 4-position of a mannose linked alpha-1,6 to the core mannose of high-mannose oligosaccharides produced by Dictyostelium discoideum.
33828 glucosylglycerol-phosphate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + ADP-glucose = 2-O-(beta-D-glucosyl)-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + ADP + H(+).
33829 O-fucosylpeptide 3-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a beta-D-GlcNAc residue from UDP-D-GlcNAc to the fucose residue of a fucosylated protein acceptor.
33830 Skp1-protein-hydroxyproline N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetylglucosamine + Skp1-protein-hydroxyproline = UDP + Skp1-protein-O-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)hydroxyproline.
33831 kojibiose phosphorylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: kojibiose + phosphate = beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate + D-glucose.
33832 alpha,alpha-trehalose phosphorylase (configuration-retaining) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alpha,alpha-trehalose + phosphate = alpha-D-glucose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate.
33833 hydroxymethylfurfural reductase (NADH) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxymethylfurfural + NADH + H+ = 2,5-bis-hydroxymethylfuran + NAD+.
33834 kaempferol 3-O-galactosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + kaempferol = UDP + kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-galactoside.
33835 flavanone 7-O-glucoside 2''-O-beta-L-rhamnosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-L-rhamnose + a flavanone 7-O-glucoside = UDP + a flavanone 7-O-[beta-L-rhamnosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside].
33836 flavonol 7-O-beta-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + a flavonol = UDP + a flavonol 7-O-beta-D-glucoside.
33837 anthocyanin 3'-O-beta-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + an anthocyanin = UDP + an anthocyanin 3'-O-beta-D-glucoside.
33838 flavonol-3-O-glucoside glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + a flavonol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside = UDP + a flavonol 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside.
33839 flavonol-3-O-glycoside glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + a flavonol 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside = UDP + a flavonol 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside.
33840 NDP-glucose-starch glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NDP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n = NDP + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n+1.
33841 6G-fructosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: [1-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2->1)-]m+1 alpha-D-glucopyranoside + [1-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2->1)-]n+1 alpha-D-glucopyranoside = [1-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2->1)-]m alpha-D-glucopyranoside + [1-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2->1)-]n+1 beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (m > 0; n >= 0).
33842 N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl-glycoprotein 4-beta-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl group = UDP + N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl group.
33843 xyloglucan 6-xylosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-D-xylosyl residue from UDP-D-xylose to a glucose residue in xyloglucan, forming an alpha-1,6-D-xylosyl-D-glucose linkage.
33844 galactose-6-sulfurylase activity F Catalysis of the elimination of sulfate from the D-galactose 6-sulfate residues of porphyran, producing 3,6-anhydrogalactose residues.
33845 hydroxymethylfurfural reductase (NADPH) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxymethylfurfural + NADPH + H+ = 2,5-bis-hydroxymethylfuran + NADP+.
33846 adenosyl-fluoride synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + fluoride = 5'-deoxy-5'-fluoroadenosine + L-methionine.
33847 O-phosphoserine sulfhydrylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: O-phospho-L-serine + hydrogen sulfide = L-cysteine + phosphate.
33848 N2-(2-carboxyethyl)arginine synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + L-arginine = N(2)-(2-carboxyethyl)-L-arginine + H(+) + phosphate.
33849 chrysanthemyl diphosphate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 dimethylallyl diphosphate = (R,R)-chrysanthemyl diphosphate + diphosphate.
33850 Z-farnesyl diphosphate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = 2-cis,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate + diphosphate.
33851 lavandulyl diphosphate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 dimethylallyl diphosphate = diphosphate + lavandulyl diphosphate.
33852 thyroid-hormone transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine = 3,5,3'-triiodothyropyruvate + L-glutamate.
33853 aspartate-prephenate aminotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-arogenate + oxaloacetate = prephenate + L-aspartate.
33854 glutamate-prephenate aminotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-arogenate = L-glutamate + prephenate.
33855 nicotianamine aminotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + nicotianamine = 3''-deamino-3''-oxonicotianamine + L-glutamate.
33856 pyridoxine 5'-phosphate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate + 3-amino-2-oxopropyl phosphate = 2 H(2)O + H(+) + phosphate + pyridoxine 5'-phosphate.
33857 diphosphoinositol-pentakisphosphate kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol 5-diphosphate pentakisphosphate = ADP + 1D-myo-inositol bisdiphosphate tetrakisphosphate.
33858 N-acetylgalactosamine kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + N-acetyl-D-galactosamine = ADP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate.
33859 furaldehyde metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving furaldehyde, a furan ring-containing aldehyde compound which can be formed from the thermal decomposition of biomass.
33860 regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity P Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme NAD(P)H oxidase.
33861 negative regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity P Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme NAD(P)H oxidase.
33862 UMP kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + UMP = ADP + UDP.
33863 ribose 1,5-bisphosphate phosphokinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 1,5-diphosphate + ATP = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + ADP + H(+).
33864 positive regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity P Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme NAD(P)H oxidase.
33865 nucleoside bisphosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside bisphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on the sugar.
33866 nucleoside bisphosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleoside bisphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on the sugar.
33867 Fas-activated serine/threonine kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + Fas-activated serine/threonine protein = ADP + Fas-activated serine/threonine phosphoprotein.
33868 Goodpasture-antigen-binding protein kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + Goodpasture antigen-binding protein = ADP + Goodpasture antigen-binding phosphoprotein.
33869 nucleoside bisphosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleoside bisphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on the sugar.
33870 thiol sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + a thiol = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + an S-alkyl thiosulfate.
33871 [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfotransferase 2 activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfate; modifies selected glucosamine residues preceded by GlcA2S.
33872 [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfotransferase 3 activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfate.
33873 petromyzonol sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + 5alpha-cholane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24-tetrol = 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5alpha-cholan-24-yl sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H(+).
33874 scymnol sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + 5beta-scymnol = 5beta-scymnol sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H(+).
33875 ribonucleoside bisphosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleoside bisphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on the sugar.
33876 glycochenodeoxycholate sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + glycochenodeoxycholate = adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + glycochenodeoxycholate 7-sulfate + H(+).
33877 succinyl-CoA:(R)-benzylsuccinate CoA-transferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-benzylsuccinate + succinyl-CoA = (R)-2-benzylsuccinyl-CoA + succinate.
33878 hormone-sensitive lipase activity F Catalysis of the reactions: diacylglycerol + H2O = monoacylglycerol + a carboxylate; triacylglycerol + H2O = diacylglycerol + a carboxylate; and monoacylglycerol + H2O = glycerol + a carboxylate.
33879 acetylajmaline esterase activity F Catalysis of the reactions: 17-O-acetylajmaline + H2O = ajmaline + acetate, and 17-O-acetylnorajmaline + H2O = norajmaline + acetate.
33880 phenylacetyl-CoA hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + phenylglyoxylyl-CoA = CoA + H(+) + phenylglyoxylate.
33881 bile-acid-CoA hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: deoxycholoyl-CoA + H(2)O = CoA + deoxycholate + H(+).
33882 choloyl-CoA hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: choloyl-CoA + H2O = cholate + CoA.
33883 pyridoxal phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + H2O = pyridoxal + phosphate.
33885 10-hydroxy-9-(phosphonooxy)octadecanoate phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (9S,10S)-10-hydroxy-9-(phosphonooxy)octadecanoate + H(2)O = (9S,10S)-9,10-dihydroxyoctadecanoate + phosphate.
33886 cellulose-polysulfatase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 2- and 3-sulfate groups of the polysulfates of cellulose and charonin.
33887 chondro-4-sulfatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate + H(2)O = 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + H(+) + sulfate.
33888 chondro-6-sulfatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-sulfate + H(2)O = 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + H(+) + sulfate.
33889 N-sulfoglucosamine-3-sulfatase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 3-sulfate groups of the N-sulfo-D-glucosamine 3-O-sulfate units of heparin.
33890 ribonuclease D activity F Catalysis of the exonucleolytic cleavage that removes extra residues from the 3'-terminus of tRNA to produce 5'-mononucleotides.
33891 CC-preferring endodeoxyribonuclease activity F Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage to give 5'-phosphooligonucleotide end-products, with a preference for cleavage within the sequence CC.
33892 deoxyribonuclease (pyrimidine dimer) activity F Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage near pyrimidine dimers to products with 5'-phosphate.
33893 ribonuclease IV activity F Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of poly(A) to fragments terminated by 3'-hydroxy and 5'-phosphate groups.
33894 ribonuclease P4 activity F Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA, removing 3'-extranucleotides from tRNA precursor.
33895 ribonuclease [poly-(U)-specific] activity F Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of poly(U) to fragments terminated by 3'-hydroxy and 5'-phosphate groups.
33896 ribonuclease IX activity F Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of poly(U) or poly(C) to fragments terminated by 3'-hydroxy and 5'-phosphate groups.
33897 ribonuclease T2 activity F Catalysis of the two-stage endonucleolytic cleavage to nucleoside 3'-phosphates and 3'-phosphooligonucleotides with 2',3'-cyclic phosphate intermediates.
33898 Bacillus subtilis ribonuclease activity F Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage to 2',3'-cyclic nucleotides.
33899 ribonuclease U2 activity F Catalysis of the two-stage endonucleolytic cleavage to nucleoside 3'-phosphates and 3'-phosphooligonucleotides ending in Ap or Gp with 2',3'-cyclic phosphate intermediates.
33900 ribonuclease F activity F Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA precursor into two, leaving 5'-hydroxy and 3'-phosphate groups.
33901 ribonuclease V activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of poly(A), forming oligoribonucleotides and ultimately 3'-AMP.
33902 rRNA endonuclease activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the phosphodiester linkage between guanosine and adenosine residues at one specific position in 28S rRNA from rat ribosomes.
33904 dextranase activity F Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 1,6-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in dextran.
33905 xylan endo-1,3-beta-xylosidase activity F Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->3)-beta-D-glycosidic linkages in (1->3)-beta-D-xylans.
33906 hyaluronoglucuronidase activity F Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of 1,3-linkages between beta-D-glucuronate and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in hyaluronate.
33907 beta-D-fucosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing beta-D-fucose residues in beta-D-fucosides.
33908 beta-L-rhamnosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-L-rhamnose residues in beta-L-rhamnosides.
33909 fucoidanase activity F Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 1,2-alpha-L-fucoside linkages in fucoidan without release of sulfate.
33910 glucan 1,4-alpha-maltotetraohydrolase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in amylaceous polysaccharides, to remove successive maltotetraose residues from the non-reducing chain ends.
33911 mycodextranase activity F Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 1,4-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in alpha-D-glucans containing both 1,3- and 1,4-bonds.
33912 2,6-beta-fructan 6-levanbiohydrolase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (2->6)-beta-D-fructofuranan, to remove successive disaccharide residues as levanbiose, i.e. 6-(beta-D-fructofuranosyl)-D-fructose, from the end of the chain.
33913 glucan endo-1,2-beta-glucosidase activity F Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->2)-glucosidic linkages in (1->2)-beta-D-glucans.
33914 xylan 1,3-beta-xylosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of successive xylose residues from the non-reducing termini of (1->3)-beta-D-xylans.
33915 mannan 1,2-(1,3)-alpha-mannosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->2) and (1->3) linkages in mannan, releasing mannose.
33916 beta-agarase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-galactosidic linkages in agarose, giving the tetramer as the predominant product.
33917 exo-poly-alpha-galacturonosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of pectic acid from the non-reducing end, releasing digalacturonate.
33918 kappa-carrageenase activity F Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-linkages between D-galactose 4-sulfate and 3,6-anhydro-D-galactose in kappa-carrageenans.
33919 glucan 1,3-alpha-glucosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic links in 1,3-alpha-D-glucans.
33920 6-phospho-beta-galactosidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a 6-phospho-beta-D-galactoside + H2O = 6-phospho-D-galactose + an alcohol.
33921 capsular-polysaccharide endo-1,3-alpha-galactosidase activity F Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->3)-alpha-D-galactosidic linkages in Aerobacter aerogenes capsular polysaccharide.
33922 peptidoglycan beta-N-acetylmuramidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing N-acetylmuramic residues.
33923 glucan 1,6-alpha-isomaltosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in polysaccharides, to remove successive isomaltose units from the non-reducing ends of the chains.
33924 dextran 1,6-alpha-isomaltotriosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in dextrans, to remove successive isomaltotriose units from the non-reducing ends of the chains.
33925 mannosyl-glycoprotein endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity F Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of the N,N'-diacetylchitobiosyl unit in high-mannose glycopeptides and glycoproteins containing the -[Man(GlcNAc)2]Asn-structure. One N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residue remains attached to the protein; the rest of the oligosaccharide is released intact.
33926 glycopeptide alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactosyl-3-(N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl)-L-serine + H2O = D-galactosyl-3-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine + L-serine.
33927 glucan 1,4-alpha-maltohexaosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in amylaceous polysaccharides, to remove successive maltohexaose residues from the non-reducing chain ends.
33928 mannan 1,4-mannobiosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-mannosidic linkages in (1->4)-beta-D-mannans, to remove successive mannobiose residues from the non-reducing chain ends.
33929 blood-group-substance endo-1,4-beta-galactosidase activity F Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-galactosidic linkages in blood group A and B substances.
33930 keratan-sulfate endo-1,4-beta-galactosidase activity F Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-galactosidic linkages in keratan sulfate.
33931 endogalactosaminidase activity F Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-galactosaminidic linkages in poly(D-galactosamine).
33932 1,3-alpha-L-fucosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->3) linkages between alpha-L-fucose and N-acetylglucosamine residues in glycoproteins.
33933 branched-dextran exo-1,2-alpha-glucosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->2)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages at the branch points of dextrans and related polysaccharides, producing free D-glucose.
33934 glucan 1,4-alpha-maltotriohydrolase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in amylaceous polysaccharides, to remove successive maltotriose residues from the non-reducing chain ends.
33935 oligoxyloglucan beta-glycosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-glucosidic links in oligoxyloglucans so as to remove successive isoprimeverose (i.e. alpha-xylo-1,6-beta-D-glucosyl-) residues from the non-reducing chain ends.
33936 polymannuronate hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of the D-mannuronide linkages of polymannuronate.
33937 3-deoxy-2-octulosonidase activity F Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of the beta-ketopyranosidic linkages of 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonate in capsular polysaccharides.
33938 1,6-alpha-L-fucosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->6) linkages between alpha-L-fucose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in glycopeptides such as immunoglobulin G glycopeptide and fucosyl-asialo-agalacto-fetuin.
33939 xylan alpha-1,2-glucuronosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-D-(1->2)-(4-O-methyl)glucuronosyl links in the main chain of hardwood xylans.
33940 glucuronoarabinoxylan endo-1,4-beta-xylanase activity F Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-xylosyl links in some glucuronoarabinoxylans.
33941 mannan exo-1,2-1,6-alpha-mannosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->2)-alpha-D- and (1->6)-alpha-D- linkages in mannan, releasing D-mannose.
33942 4-alpha-D-{(1->4)-alpha-D-glucano}trehalose trehalohydrolase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-(1->4)-D-glucosidic linkage in 4-alpha-D-{(1->4)-alpha-D-glucanosyl}n trehalose to yield trehalose and alpha-(1->4)-D-glucan.
33943 galactan 1,3-beta-galactosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-galactose residues in (1->3)-beta-D-galactopyranans.
33944 beta-galactofuranosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing beta-D-galactofuranosides, releasing galactose.
33945 oligoxyloglucan reducing-end-specific cellobiohydrolase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of cellobiose from the reducing end of xyloglucans consisting of a beta-(1->4) linked glucan carrying alpha-D-xylosyl groups on O-6 of the glucose residues. To be a substrate, the first residue must be unsubstituted, the second residue may bear a xylosyl group, whether further glycosylated or not, and the third residue, which becomes the new terminus by the action of the enzyme, is preferably xylosylated, but this xylose residue must not be further substituted.
33946 xyloglucan-specific endo-beta-1,4-glucanase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: xyloglucan + H2O = xyloglucan oligosaccharides. This reaction is the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in xyloglucan.
33947 mannosylglycoprotein endo-beta-mannosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-N-acetylglucosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-N-acetylglucosaminyl sequence of glycoprotein to alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)-D-mannose and beta-D-N-acetylglucosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-N-acetylglucosaminyl sequences.
33948 fructan beta-(2,1)-fructosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing (2->1) linked beta-D-fructofuranose residues in fructans.
33949 fructan beta-(2,6)-fructosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing (2->6) linked beta-D-fructofuranose residues in fructans.
33950 xyloglucan-specific exo-beta-1,4-glucanase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: xyloglucan + H2O = xyloglucan oligosaccharides. This reaction is the exohydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in xyloglucan.
33951 oligosaccharide reducing-end xylanase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-xylose residues from the reducing end of oligosaccharides.
33952 iota-carrageenase activity F Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-linkages between D-galactose 4-sulfate and 3,6-anhydro-D-galactose-2-sulfate in iota-carrageenans.
33953 alpha-agarase activity F Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 1,3-alpha-L-galactosidic linkages in agarose, yielding agarotetraose as the major product.
33954 alpha-neoagaro-oligosaccharide hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 1,3-alpha-L-galactosidic linkages of neoagaro-oligosaccharides that are smaller than a hexamer, yielding 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose and D-galactose.
33955 mitochondrial DNA inheritance P The process in which copies of the mitochondrial genome are distributed into daughter mitochondria upon mitochondrial fission.
33956 beta-apiosyl-beta-glucosidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 7-[beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy]isoflavonoid + H2O = a 7-hydroxyisoflavonoid + beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1->6)-D-glucose.
33957 lambda-carrageenase activity F Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of beta-1,4-linkages in the backbone of lambda-carrageenan, resulting in the tetrasaccharide alpha-D-Galp2,6S2-(1->3)-beta-D-Galp2S-(1->4)-alpha-D-Galp2,6S2-(1->3)-D-Galp2S.
33958 DNA-deoxyinosine glycosylase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of DNA and polynucleotides, releasing free hypoxanthine.
33959 deoxyribodipyrimidine endonucleosidase activity F Catalysis of the cleavage of the N-glycosidic bond between the 5'-pyrimidine residue in cyclobutadipyrimidine (in DNA) and the corresponding deoxy-D-ribose residue.
33960 N-methyl nucleosidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 7-methylxanthosine + H(2)O = 7-methylxanthine + H(+) + ribofuranose.
33961 cis-stilbene-oxide hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cis-stilbene oxide + H2O = (+)-(1R,2R)-1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-diol.
33962 cytoplasmic mRNA processing body assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a cytoplasmic mRNA processing body.
33963 cholesterol-5,6-oxide hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reactions: 5,6alpha-epoxy-5alpha-cholestan-3beta-ol + H2O = cholestane-3beta-5alpha,6beta-triol, and 5,6beta-epoxy-5beta-cholestan-3beta-ol + H2O = cholestane-3beta-5alpha,6beta-triol.
33964 glycosphingolipid deacylase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of gangliosides and neutral glycosphingolipids, releasing fatty acids to form the lyso-derivatives.
33965 aculeacin-A deacylase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the amide bond in aculeacin A and related neutral lipopeptide antibiotics, releasing the long-chain fatty acid side-chain.
33966 N-substituted formamide deformylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-benzylformamide + H2O = formate + benzylamine.
33967 box C/D snoRNA metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving box C/D type small nucleolar RNA.
33968 glutaryl-7-aminocephalosporanic-acid acylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (7R)-7-(4-carboxybutanamido)cephalosporanate + H2O = (7R)-7-aminocephalosporanate + glutarate.
33969 gamma-glutamyl-gamma-aminobutyrate hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(L-gamma-glutamylamino)butanoate + H(2)O = 4-aminobutanoate + L-glutamate.
33970 N-malonylurea hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxo-3-ureidopropanoate + H(2)O = H(+) + malonate + urea.
33971 hydroxyisourate hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxyisourate + H(2)O = 5-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-ureido-2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate + H(+).
33972 proclavaminate amidinohydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: amidinoproclavaminate + H(2)O = proclavaminate + urea.
33973 dCTP deaminase (dUMP-forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dCTP + 2 H(2)O = diphosphate + dUMP + H(+) + NH(4)(+).
33974 nucleoside phosphoacylhydrolase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of mixed phospho-anhydride bonds.
33975 (R)-2-haloacid dehalogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-haloacid + H2O = (S)-2-hydroxyacid + halide.
33976 2-haloacid dehalogenase (configuration-inverting) activity F Catalysis of the reactions: (S)-2-haloacid + H2O = (R)-2-hydroxyacid + halide, and (R)-2-haloacid + H2O = (S)-2-hydroxyacid + halide.
33977 2-haloacid dehalogenase (configuration-retaining) activity F Catalysis of the reactions: (S)-2-haloacid + H2O = (S)-2-hydroxyacid + halide, and (R)-2-haloacid + H2O = (R)-2-hydroxyacid + halide.
33978 phosphonopyruvate hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phosphonopyruvate + H(2)O = phosphate + pyruvate.
33979 box H/ACA snoRNA metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving box H/ACA type small nucleolar RNA.
33980 phosphonopyruvate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phosphonopyruvate + 2 H(+) = CO(2) + phosphonoacetaldehyde.
33981 D-dopachrome decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-dopachrome + H(+) = 5,6-dihydroxyindole + CO(2).
33982 3-dehydro-L-gulonate-6-phosphate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-dehydro-L-gulonate 6-phosphate + H(+) = L-xylulose 5-phosphate + CO(2).
33983 diaminobutyrate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-2,4-diaminobutyrate + H(+) = 1,3-diaminopropane + CO(2).
33984 indole-3-glycerol-phosphate lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate = indole + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.
33985 acidocalcisome lumen C The volume enclosed by the membranes of an acidocalcisome.
33986 response to methanol P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methanol stimulus.
33987 2-hydroxyisoflavanone dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavanone = daidzein + H2O.
33988 bile-acid 7alpha-dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 7alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-3-oxochol-4-en-24-oate = 12alpha-hydroxy-3-oxochola-4,6-dien-24-oate + H(2)O.
33989 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-enoyl-CoA hydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (24R,25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24-tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA = (24E)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-enoyl-CoA + H2O.
33990 ectoine synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N(4)-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutyrate = ectoine + H(2)O.
33991 aldos-2-ulose dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reactions: 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose = 2-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2H-pyran-3(6H)-one + H2O; (1a) 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose = 1,5-anhydro-4-deoxy-D-glycero-hex-3-en-2-ulose + H2O and (1b) 1,5-anhydro-4-deoxy-D-glycero-hex-3-en-2-ulose = 2-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2H-pyran-3(6H)-one.
33992 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose = 1,5-anhydro-4-deoxy-D-glycero-hex-3-en-2-ulose + H2O.
33993 response to lipid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipid stimulus.
33994 glucuronan lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (1->4)-beta-D-glucuronan = an oligosaccharide with 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl end + (1->4)-beta-D-glucuronan. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of (1->4)-beta-D-glucuronans to give oligosaccharides with 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups at their non-reducing ends. Complete degradation of glucuronans results in the formation of tetrasaccharides.
33995 anhydrosialidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an N-acetylneuraminate glycoside = 2,7-anhydro-alpha-N-acetylneuraminate + an alpha-sialyl group. This reaction is the elimination of alpha-sialyl groups in N-acetylneuraminic acid glycosides, releasing 2,7-anhydro-alpha-N-acetylneuraminate.
33996 levan fructotransferase (DFA-IV-forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-fructopyranosyl-(2->6)-[D-fructofuranosyl-(2->6)]n-D-fructofuranoside = beta-D-fructopyranosyl-(2->6)-[D-fructofuranosyl-(2->6)](n-1)-D-fructofuranoside + di-beta-D-fructofuranose 2,6':2',6-dianhydride. This reaction is the production of di-beta-D-fructofuranose 2,6':2',6-dianhydride (DFA IV) by successively eliminating the diminishing (2->6)-beta-D-fructan (levan) chain from the terminal D-fructosyl-D-fructosyl disaccharide.
33997 inulin fructotransferase (DFA-I-forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: [(2->1)-beta-D-fructosyl](n) = [(2->1)-beta-D-fructosyl](n-1) + alpha-D-fructofuranose-beta-D-fructofuranose 1,2':1,2'-dianhydride. This reaction is the production of alpha-D-fructofuranose beta-D-fructofuranose 1,2':2,1'-dianhydride (DFA I) by successively eliminating the diminishing (2->1)-beta-D-fructan (inulin) chain from the terminal D-fructosyl-D-fructosyl disaccharide.
33998 inulin fructotransferase (DFA-III-forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: [(2->1)-beta-D-fructosyl](n) = [(2->1)-beta-D-fructosyl](n-1) + alpha-D-fructofuranose beta-D-fructofuranose 1,2':2,3'-dianhydride. This reaction is the production of alpha-D-fructofuranose beta-D-fructofuranose 1,2':2,3'-dianhydride (DFA III) by successively eliminating the diminishing (2->1)-beta-D-fructan (inulin) chain from the terminal D-fructosyl-D-fructosyl disaccharide.
33999 chondroitin B lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dermatan sulfate = n 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of dermatan sulfate containing 1,4-beta-D-hexosaminyl and 1,3-beta-D-glucurosonyl or 1,3-alpha-L-iduronosyl linkages to disaccharides containing 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups to yield a 4,5-unsaturated dermatan-sulfate disaccharide (DeltaUA-GalNAC-4S). Chondroitin sulfate B is also known as dermatan sulfate.
34000 chondroitin-sulfate-ABC endolyase activity F Catalysis of the endolytic cleavage of beta-1,4-galactosaminic bonds between N-acetylgalactosamine and either D-glucuronic acid or L-iduronic acid to produce a mixture of Delta4-unsaturated oligosaccharides of different sizes that are ultimately degraded to Delta4-unsaturated tetra- and disaccharides.
34001 chondroitin-sulfate-ABC exolyase activity F Catalysis of the exolytic cleavage of disaccharide residues from the non-reducing ends of both polymeric chondroitin sulfates and their oligosaccharide fragments.
34002 (R)-limonene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate = (4R)-limonene + diphosphate.
34003 vetispiradiene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = diphosphate + vetispiradiene.
34004 germacradienol synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate + H2O = (1E,4S,5E,7R)-germacra-1(10),5-dien-11-ol + diphosphate.
34005 germacrene-A synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = (+)-(R)-germacrene A + diphosphate.
34006 amorpha-4,11-diene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = amorpha-4,11-diene + diphosphate.
34007 S-linalool synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate + H(2)O = (S)-linalool + diphosphate.
34008 R-linalool synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate + H(2)O = (R)-linalool + diphosphate.
34009 isoprene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylallyl diphosphate = diphosphate + isoprene.
34010 sulfolactate sulfo-lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-sulfolactate = pyruvate + sulfite.
34011 L-cysteate sulfo-lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteate + H(2)O = NH(4)(+) + pyruvate + sulfite.
34012 FAD-AMP lyase (cyclizing) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: FAD = AMP + riboflavin cyclic-4',5'-phosphate.
34013 aliphatic aldoxime dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an aliphatic aldoxime = an aliphatic nitrile + H2O.
34014 response to triglyceride P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a triglyceride stimulus.
34015 L-ribulose-5-phosphate 3-epimerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-ribulose 5-phosphate = L-xylulose 5-phosphate.
34016 polyenoic fatty acid isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: all-cis-icosa-5,8,11,14,17-pentaenoate = (5Z,7E,9E,14Z,17Z)-icosapentaenoate.
34017 trans-2-decenoyl-acyl-carrier-protein isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: trans-dec-2-enoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = cis-dec-3-enoyl-[acyl-carrier protein].
34018 ascopyrone tautomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,5-anhydro-4-deoxy-D-glycero-hex-3-en-2-ulose = 1,5-anhydro-4-deoxy-D-glycero-hex-1-en-3-ulose.
34020 neoxanthin synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-violaxanthin = all-trans-neoxanthin.
34021 response to silicon dioxide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a silicon dioxide stimulus.
34022 3-(hydroxyamino)phenol mutase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxyaminophenol = aminohydroquinone.
34023 5-(carboxyamino)imidazole ribonucleotide mutase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-carboxyamino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole = 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate.
34024 glutamate-putrescine ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + ATP + putrescine = gamma-L-glutamylputrescine + ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphate.
34025 D-aspartate ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-aspartate + [beta-GlcNAc-(1->4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)]n = [beta-GlcNAc-(1->4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-6-N-(beta-D-Asp)-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)]n + ADP + phosphate.
34026 L-amino-acid alpha-ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + an L-amino acid + an L-amino acid = ADP + phosphate + L-aminoacyl-L-amino acid.
34027 (carboxyethyl)arginine beta-lactam-synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-(2-carboxyethyl)-L-arginine + ATP = AMP + deoxyamidinoproclavaminate + diphosphate + 2 H(+).
34028 5-(carboxyamino)imidazole ribonucleotide synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole + ATP + bicarbonate = 5-carboxyamino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole + ADP + 3 H(+) + phosphate.
34029 2-oxoglutarate carboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + ATP + bicarbonate = ADP + 2 H(+) + oxalosuccinate + phosphate.
34030 ribonucleoside bisphosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleoside bisphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on the sugar.
34031 ribonucleoside bisphosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ribonucleoside bisphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on the sugar.
34032 purine nucleoside bisphosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine nucleoside bisphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on the sugar.
34033 purine nucleoside bisphosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine nucleoside bisphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on the sugar.
34034 purine nucleoside bisphosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine nucleoside bisphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on the sugar.
34035 purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on the sugar.
34036 purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on the sugar.
34037 purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on the sugar.
34038 deoxyhypusine synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: [eIF5A-precursor]-lysine + spermidine = [eIF5A-precursor]-deoxyhypusine + propane-1,3-diamine. Four sub-reactions have been identified,in which the intermediates remain tightly associated with the enzyme: spermidine + NAD+ = dehydrospermidine + NADH; dehydrospermidine + [enzyme]-lysine = N-(4-aminobutylidene)-[enzyme]-lysine + propane-1,3-diamine; N-(4-aminobutylidene)-[enzyme]-lysine + [eIF5A-precursor]-lysine = N-(4-aminobutylidene)-[eIF5A-precursor]-lysine + [enzyme]-lysine; N-(4-aminobutylidene)-[eIF5A-precursor]-lysine + NADH + H+ = [eIF5A-precursor]-deoxyhypusine + NAD+.
34039 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine DNA N-glycosylase activity F Catalysis of the removal of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine bases by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the oxidized purine and the deoxyribose sugar.
34040 lipid-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + lipid(in) = ADP + phosphate + lipid(out).
34041 sterol-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + sterol(in) = ADP + phosphate + sterol(out).
34042 5-formyluracil DNA N-glycosylase activity F Catalysis of the removal of 5-formyluracil bases by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the oxidized pyrimidine and the deoxyribose sugar.
34043 5-hydroxymethyluracil DNA N-glycosylase activity F Catalysis of the removal of 5-hydroxymethyluracil bases by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the oxidized pyrimidine and the deoxyribose sugar.
34044 exomer complex C A protein complex that forms a coat structure on vesicles involved in exocytosis of proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the cell surface; in Saccharomyces, the complex contains Chs5p, Chs6p, and Chs6p paralogues.
34045 pre-autophagosomal structure membrane C A cellular membrane associated with the pre-autophagosomal structure.
34046 poly(G) binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of guanine residues in an RNA molecule.
34047 regulation of protein phosphatase type 2A activity P Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme protein phosphatase type 2A.
34048 negative regulation of protein phosphatase type 2A activity P Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme protein phosphatase type 2A.
34049 positive regulation of protein phosphatase type 2A activity P Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme protein phosphatase type 2A.
34050 host programmed cell death induced by symbiont P Cell death in a host resulting from activation of host endogenous cellular processes after direct or indirect interaction with a symbiont (defined as the smaller of two, or more, organisms engaged in symbiosis, a close interaction encompassing mutualism through parasitism). An example of direct interaction is contact with penetrating hyphae of a fungus; an example of indirect interaction is encountering symbiont-secreted molecules.
34051 negative regulation of plant-type hypersensitive response P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the hypersensitive response in a plant.
34052 positive regulation of plant-type hypersensitive response P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the hypersensitive response in a plant.
34053 modulation by symbiont of host defense-related programmed cell death P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defense-related programmed cell death in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
34054 negative regulation by symbiont of host defense-related programmed cell death P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of defense-related programmed cell death in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
34055 positive regulation by symbiont of host defense-related programmed cell death P Any process in which an organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of defense-related programmed cell death in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
34056 estrogen response element binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the estrogen response element (ERE), a conserved sequence found in the promoters of genes whose expression is regulated in response to estrogen.
34057 RNA strand-exchange activity F Facilitates the displacement of one strand of an RNA-RNA duplex and its replacement with a different strand of higher complementarity.
34058 endosomal vesicle fusion P The homotypic fusion of endocytic vesicles to form or add to an early endosome.
34059 response to anoxia P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating a decline in oxygen levels to trace amounts, <0.1%.
34060 cyanelle stroma C The space enclosed by the double membrane of a cyanelle.
34061 DNA polymerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1); the synthesis of DNA from deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates in the presence of a nucleic acid template and a 3'hydroxyl group.
34062 5'-3' RNA polymerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1); the synthesis of RNA from ribonucleotide triphosphates in the presence of a nucleic acid template, via extension of the 3'-end.
34063 stress granule assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a stress granule.
34064 Tor2-Mei2-Ste11 complex C A protein complex that contains the transcription factor Ste11 and the RNA binding protein Mei2; involved in regulation of conjugation in fission yeast.
34065 replication fork processing at rDNA locus P The process in which a DNA replication fork that has stalled at the rDNA replication fork barrier (RFB) is repaired and replication is restarted.
34066 RIC1-RGP1 guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor complex C A protein complex that acts as a nucleotide exchange factor for the GTPase Ypt6p, and is required for fusion of endosome-derived vesicles with the Golgi.
34067 protein localization to Golgi apparatus P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the Golgi apparatus.
34068 aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + aminoglycoside = diphosphate + nucleotidylaminoglycoside.
34069 aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + aminoglycoside = CoA + N-acetylaminoglycoside.
34070 aminoglycoside 1-N-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + aminoglycoside = CoA + 1-N-acetylaminoglycoside. This is acetylation of the 1-amino group of the central deoxystreptamine ring.
34071 aminoglycoside phosphotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + aminoglycoside = ADP + phosphoaminoglycoside.
34072 squalene cyclase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: squalene = triterpene.
34073 tetrahymanol cyclase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: squalene = tetrahymanol.
34074 marneral synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: oxidosqualene = marneral.
34075 arabidiol synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: oxidosqualene + H2O = arabidiol ((13R,14R,17E)-malabarica-17,21-diene-3beta,14-diol).
34076 cucurbitadienol synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: oxidosqualene = cucurbitadienol.
34077 butanediol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving butanediol; the biologically relevant isomer is 2,3-butanediol, CH3CH(OH)CH(OH)CH3.
34078 butanediol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of butanediol; the biologically relevant isomer is 2,3-butanediol, CH3CH(OH)CH(OH)CH3.
34079 butanediol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of butanediol; the biologically relevant isomer is 2,3-butanediol, CH3CH(OH)CH(OH)CH3.
34080 CENP-A containing nucleosome assembly P The formation of nucleosomes containing the histone H3 variant CENP-A to form centromeric chromatin. This specialised chromatin occurs at centromeric region in point centromeres, and the central core in modular centromeres.
34081 polyketide synthase complex C A protein complex that carries out enzymatic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of polyketides, any of a diverse group of natural products synthesized via linear poly-beta-ketones.
34082 type II polyketide synthase complex C A polyketide synthase complex that consists of several different polypeptide chains, each of which catalyzes a single reaction.
34083 type III polyketide synthase complex C A polyketide synthase complex that consists of two identical ketosynthase polypeptides.
34084 steryl deacetylase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of an acetyl group or groups from an acetylated sterol.
34085 establishment of sister chromatid cohesion P The process in which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome become associated with each other during S phase.
34086 maintenance of sister chromatid cohesion P The process in which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained as chromosomes condense, attach to the spindle in a bipolar orientation, and congress to the metaphase plate.
34087 establishment of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion P The process in which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome become joined along the entire length of the chromosome during S phase during a mitotic cell cycle.
34088 maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion P The process in which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained as chromosomes condense, attach to the spindle in a bipolar orientation, and congress to the metaphase plate during a mitotic cell cycle.
34089 establishment of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion P The process in which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome become joined along the entire length of the chromosome during S phase during a meiotic cell cycle.
34090 maintenance of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion P The process in which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained as chromosomes condense, attach to the spindle in a bipolar orientation, and congress to the metaphase plate during a meiotic cell cycle.
34091 regulation of maintenance of sister chromatid cohesion P Any process that modulates the extent to which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained.
34092 negative regulation of maintenance of sister chromatid cohesion P Any process that decreases the extent to which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained.
34093 positive regulation of maintenance of sister chromatid cohesion P Any process that increases the extent to which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained.
34094 regulation of maintenance of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion P Any process that modulates the extent to which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained during a meiotic cell cycle.
34095 negative regulation of maintenance of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion P Any process that decreases the extent to which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained during a meiotic cell cycle.
34096 positive regulation of maintenance of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion P Any process that increases the extent to which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained during a meiotic cell cycle.
34097 response to cytokine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytokine stimulus.
34098 VCP-NPL4-UFD1 AAA ATPase complex C A multiprotein ATPase complex required for the efficient dislocation of ER-lumenal degradation substrates, and their subsequent proteolysis by the proteasome. In budding yeast, this complex includes Cdc48p, Npl4p and Ufd1p proteins. In mammals, this complex includes a hexamer of VCP/p97 (a cytosolic ATPase) and trimers of each of its cofactors UFD1L and NPL4 (NPLOC4) (e.g. a 6:3:3 stoichiometry).
34099 luminal surveillance complex C A multiprotein complex that recognizes ERAD-luminal misfolded substrates and brings them to the ubiquitination/extraction machinery. In yeast, this complex consists of Yos9p, Kar2p and Hrd3p proteins.
34101 erythrocyte homeostasis P Any process of regulating the production and elimination of erythrocytes within an organism.
34102 erythrocyte clearance P The selective elimination of erythrocytes from the body by autoregulatory mechanisms.
34103 regulation of tissue remodeling P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tissue remodeling.
34104 negative regulation of tissue remodeling P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tissue remodeling.
34105 positive regulation of tissue remodeling P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tissue remodeling.
34106 regulation of erythrocyte clearance P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of erythrocyte clearance.
34107 negative regulation of erythrocyte clearance P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of erythrocyte clearance.
34108 positive regulation of erythrocyte clearance P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of erythrocyte clearance.
34109 homotypic cell-cell adhesion P The attachment of a cell to a second cell of the identical type via adhesion molecules.
34110 regulation of homotypic cell-cell adhesion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of homotypic cell-cell adhesion.
34111 negative regulation of homotypic cell-cell adhesion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of homotypic cell-cell adhesion.
34112 positive regulation of homotypic cell-cell adhesion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of homotypic cell-cell adhesion.
34113 heterotypic cell-cell adhesion P The attachment of a cell to a cell of a different type via adhesion molecules.
34114 regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion.
34115 negative regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion.
34116 positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion.
34117 erythrocyte aggregation P The adhesion of one erythrocyte to one or more other erythrocytes via adhesion molecules.
34118 regulation of erythrocyte aggregation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of erythrocyte aggregation.
34119 negative regulation of erythrocyte aggregation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of erythrocyte aggregation.
34120 positive regulation of erythrocyte aggregation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of erythrocyte aggregation.
34121 regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor signaling pathway.
34122 negative regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor signaling pathway.
34123 positive regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor signaling pathway.
34124 regulation of MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway.
34125 negative regulation of MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway.
34126 positive regulation of MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway.
34127 regulation of MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway.
34128 negative regulation of MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway.
34129 positive regulation of MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway.
34130 toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to toll-like receptor 1.
34131 regulation of toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway.
34132 negative regulation of toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway.
34133 positive regulation of toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway.
34134 toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to toll-like receptor 2.
34135 regulation of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway.
34136 negative regulation of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway.
34137 positive regulation of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway.
34138 toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to toll-like receptor 3.
34139 regulation of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway.
34140 negative regulation of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway.
34141 positive regulation of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway.
34142 toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to toll-like receptor 4.
34143 regulation of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway.
34144 negative regulation of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway.
34145 positive regulation of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway.
34146 toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to toll-like receptor 5.
34147 regulation of toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway.
34148 negative regulation of toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway.
34149 positive regulation of toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway.
34150 toll-like receptor 6 signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to toll-like receptor 6.
34151 regulation of toll-like receptor 6 signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 6 signaling pathway.
34152 negative regulation of toll-like receptor 6 signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 6 signaling pathway.
34153 positive regulation of toll-like receptor 6 signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 6 signaling pathway.
34154 toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to toll-like receptor 7.
34155 regulation of toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway.
34156 negative regulation of toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway.
34157 positive regulation of toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway.
34158 toll-like receptor 8 signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to toll-like receptor 8.
34159 regulation of toll-like receptor 8 signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 8 signaling pathway.
34160 negative regulation of toll-like receptor 8 signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 8 signaling pathway.
34161 positive regulation of toll-like receptor 8 signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 8 signaling pathway.
34162 toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to toll-like receptor 9.
34163 regulation of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway.
34164 negative regulation of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway.
34165 positive regulation of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway.
34166 toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to toll-like receptor 10.
34167 regulation of toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway.
34168 negative regulation of toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway.
34169 positive regulation of toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway.
34170 toll-like receptor 11 signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to toll-like receptor 11.
34171 regulation of toll-like receptor 11 signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 11 signaling pathway.
34172 negative regulation of toll-like receptor 11 signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 11 signaling pathway.
34173 positive regulation of toll-like receptor 11 signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 11 signaling pathway.
34174 toll-like receptor 12 signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to toll-like receptor 12.
34175 regulation of toll-like receptor 12 signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 12 signaling pathway.
34176 negative regulation of toll-like receptor 12 signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 12 signaling pathway.
34177 positive regulation of toll-like receptor 12 signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 12 signaling pathway.
34178 toll-like receptor 13 signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to toll-like receptor 13.
34179 regulation of toll-like receptor 13 signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 13 signaling pathway.
34180 negative regulation of toll-like receptor 13 signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 13 signaling pathway.
34181 positive regulation of toll-like receptor 13 signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 13 signaling pathway.
34182 regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion P Any process that modulates the extent to which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained during a mitotic cell cycle.
34183 negative regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion P Any process that decreases the extent to which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained during a mitotic cell cycle.
34184 positive regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion P Any process that increases the extent to which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained during a mitotic cell cycle.
34185 apolipoprotein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an apolipoprotein, the protein component of a lipoprotein complex.
34186 apolipoprotein A-I binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with apolipoprotein A-I.
34188 apolipoprotein A-I receptor activity F Combining with apolipoprotein A-I and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
34189 very-low-density lipoprotein particle binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a very-low-density lipoprotein particle, a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle that is typically composed of APOB100, APOE and APOCs and has a density of about 1.006 g/ml and a diameter of between 20-80 nm.
34190 apolipoprotein receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an apolipoprotein receptor.
34191 apolipoprotein A-I receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an apolipoprotein A-I receptor.
34192 D-galactonate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-galactonate, the anion of D-galactonic acid.
34193 L-galactonate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-galactonate, the anion of L-galactonic acid.
34194 D-galactonate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-galactonate, the anion of D-galactonic acid.
34195 L-galactonate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-galactonate, the anion of L-galactonic acid.
34196 acylglycerol transport P The directed movement of an acylglycerol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. An acylglycerol is any mono-, di- or triester of glycerol with (one or more) fatty acids.
34197 triglyceride transport P The directed movement of triglyceride into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Triglycerides are important components of plant oils, animal fats and animal plasma lipoproteins.
34198 cellular response to amino acid starvation P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of amino acids.
34199 activation of protein kinase A activity P Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme protein kinase A.
34200 D,D-heptose 1,7-bisphosphate phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-beta-D-heptose 1,7-bisphosphate + H2O = D-beta-D-heptose 1-phosphate + phosphate.
34201 response to oleic acid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oleic acid stimulus.
34202 glycolipid-translocating activity F Catalysis of the movement of glycolipids from one membrane face to the other (glycolipid 'flippase' activity).
34203 glycolipid translocation P The translocation, or flipping, of glycolipid molecules from one monolayer of a membrane bilayer to the opposite monolayer.
34204 lipid translocation P The translocation, or flipping, of lipid molecules from one monolayer of a membrane bilayer to the opposite monolayer.
34205 beta-amyloid formation P The generation of beta-amyloid by cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP).
34206 enhanceosome C A protein-DNA complex formed by the association of a distinct set of general and specific transcription factors with a region of enhancer DNA. The cooperative assembly of an enhanceosome confers specificity of transcriptional regulation.
34207 steroid acetylation P The addition of an acetyl group to a steroid molecule. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid.
34208 steroid deacetylation P The removal of an acetyl group from a steroid molecule. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid.
34209 sterol acetylation P The addition of an acetyl group to a sterol molecule. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid.
34210 sterol deacetylation P The removal of an acetyl group from a sterol molecule. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid.
34211 GTP-dependent protein kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein serine/threonine = ADP + protein serine/threonine phosphate, dependent on the presence of GTP.
34212 peptide N-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the acetylation of an amino acid residue of a peptide or protein, according to the reaction: acetyl-CoA + peptide = CoA + N-acetylpeptide.
34213 quinolinate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of quinolinate, the anion of quinolinic acid, also known as 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid.
34214 protein hexamerization P The formation of a protein hexamer, a macromolecular structure consisting of six noncovalently associated identical or nonidentical subunits.
34215 thiamine:proton symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: thiamine(out) + H+(out) = thiamine(in) + H+(in).
34216 high-affinity thiamine:proton symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: thiamine(out) + H+(out) = thiamine(in) + H+(in). In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
34217 ascospore wall chitin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ascospore wall chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of P-1,4-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in the walls of ascospores.
34218 ascospore wall chitin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving ascospore wall chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of P-1,4-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in the walls of ascospores.
34219 carbohydrate transmembrane transport P The process in which a carbohydrate is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
34220 ion transmembrane transport P A process in which an ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
34221 fungal-type cell wall chitin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cell wall chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of P-1,4-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in the walls of fungal cells.
34222 regulation of cell wall chitin metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving chitin in a cell wall.
34223 regulation of ascospore wall chitin biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ascospore wall chitin.
34224 cellular response to zinc ion starvation P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of zinc ions.
34225 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to zinc ion starvation P Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is deprived of zinc ions.
34226 lysine import P The directed movement of lysine, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid, into a cell or organelle.
34227 tRNA thio-modification P The addition a sulfur atom to a nucleotide in a tRNA molecule.
34228 ethanolamine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of ethanolamine from one side of the membrane to the other. Ethanolamine (2-aminoethanol, monoethanolamine) is an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids, such as phosphatidylethanolamine.
34229 ethanolamine transport P The directed movement of ethanolamine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Ethanolamine (2-aminoethanol, monoethanolamine) is an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids, such as phosphatidylethanolamine.
34230 enkephalin processing P The formation of mature enkephalin, a pentapeptide hormone involved in regulating pain and nociception in the body by proteolytic processing of enkephalin propeptide.
34231 islet amyloid polypeptide processing P The formation of mature islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) by posttranslational processing of pro-islet amyloid polypeptide (pro-IAPP).
34232 ascospore wall chitin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ascospore wall chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of P-1,4-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in the walls of ascospores.
34233 regulation of cell wall chitin catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cell wall chitin.
34234 regulation of ascospore wall chitin catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ascospore wall chitin.
34235 GPI anchor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. GPI anchors serve to attach membrane proteins to the lipid bilayer of cell membranes.
34236 protein kinase A catalytic subunit binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or both of the catalytic subunits of protein kinase A.
34237 protein kinase A regulatory subunit binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or both of the regulatory subunits of protein kinase A.
34238 macrophage fusion P The binding and fusion of a macrophage to one or more other cells to form a multinucleated cell.
34239 regulation of macrophage fusion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage fusion.
34240 negative regulation of macrophage fusion P Any process that stops, prevents, or decreases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage fusion.
34241 positive regulation of macrophage fusion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage fusion.
34242 negative regulation of syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells.
34243 regulation of transcription elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance by the addition of ribonucleotides, catalyzed by RNA polymerase II.
34244 negative regulation of transcription elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance by the addition of ribonucleotides, catalyzed by RNA polymerase II.
34245 mitochondrial DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex C A DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex located in the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial RNA polymerase is composed of two subunits, a catalytic core, which resembles the enzymes from bacteriophage T7 and T3, and a specificity factor required for promoter recognition, which is similar to members of the eubacterial sigma factor family. In S. cerevisiae, these are encoded by the nuclear genes RPO41 and MTF1 and the specificity factor, required for promoter recognition and initiation, is not present in the elongating form.
34246 mitochondrial RNA polymerase binding promoter specificity activity F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a mitochondrial RNA polymerase to form a holoenzyme complex and also, while present in the holoenzyme, interacting with promoter sequences in order to confer sequence specific recognition of mitochondrial promoter DNA sequence motifs.
34247 snoRNA splicing P The process of removing sections of a primary snoRNA transcript to remove sequences not present in the mature form of the snoRNA and joining the remaining sections to form the mature form of the snoRNA.
34248 regulation of cellular amide metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amides.
34249 negative regulation of cellular amide metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amides.
34250 positive regulation of cellular amide metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amides.
34251 regulation of cellular amide catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amides.
34252 negative regulation of cellular amide catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amides.
34253 positive regulation of cellular amide catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amides.
34254 regulation of urea catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of urea.
34255 regulation of urea metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving urea.
34256 chlorophyll(ide) b reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 71-hydroxychlorophyll(ide) a + NAD(P)+ = chlorophyll(ide) b + NAD(P)H + H+.
34257 nicotinamide riboside transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of nicotinamide riboside, which is a pyridine-3-carboxamide covalently bonded to a ribose sugar, from one side of a membrane to the other.
34258 nicotinamide riboside transport P The directed movement of a nicotinamide riboside, which is a pyridine-3-carboxamide covalently bonded to a ribose sugar, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
34260 negative regulation of GTPase activity P Any process that stops or reduces the rate of GTP hydrolysis by a GTPase.
34263 autophagy in response to ER overload P The process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm in response to the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum.
34264 isopentenyl adenine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving the cytokinin 6-isopentenyladenine.
34265 isopentenyl adenine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokinin 6-isopentenyladenine.
34266 isopentenyl adenine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the cytokinin 6-isopentenyladenine.
34267 discadenine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving discadenine, (2S)-2-amino-4-{6-[(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)amino]-3H-purin-3-yl}butanoic acid.
34268 discadenine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of discadenine, (2S)-2-amino-4-{6-[(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)amino]-3H-purin-3-yl}butanoic acid.
34269 discadenine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of discadenine, (2S)-2-amino-4-{6-[(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)amino]-3H-purin-3-yl}butanoic acid.
34270 CVT complex C A protein complex that is involved in the CVT pathway. In budding yeast, the CVT complex consists of multimers of preApe1p.
34271 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class III, type I C A class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex that is involved in autophagy. In budding yeast, this complex consists of Vps30p, Vps34p, Apg14p and Vps15p.
34272 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class III, type II C A class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex that is involved in vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) via endosomes. In budding yeast, this complex consists of Vps30p, Vps34p, Vps38 and Vps15p.
34274 Atg12-Atg5-Atg16 complex C A protein complex required for the expansion of the autophagosomal membrane. In budding yeast, this complex consists of Atg12p, Atg5p and Atg16p.
34275 kynurenic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving kynurenic acid, 4-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic acid.
34276 kynurenic acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of kynurenic acid, 4-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic acid.
34277 ent-cassa-12,15-diene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ent-copalyl diphosphate = ent-cassa-12,15-diene + diphosphate.
34278 stemar-13-ene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 9-alpha-copalyl diphosphate = stemar-13-ene + diphosphate.
34279 syn-pimara-7,15-diene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 9-alpha-copalyl diphosphate = 9-beta-pimara-7,15-diene + diphosphate.
34280 ent-sandaracopimaradiene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ent-copalyl diphosphate = ent-sandaracopimara-8(14),15-diene + diphosphate.
34281 ent-isokaurene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ent-copalyl diphosphate = ent-isokaurene + diphosphate.
34282 ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ent-copalyl diphosphate = ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene + diphosphate.
34283 syn-stemod-13(17)-ene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 9-alpha-copalyl diphosphate = stemod-13(17)-ene + diphosphate.
34284 response to monosaccharide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a monosaccharide stimulus.
34285 response to disaccharide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disaccharide stimulus.
34286 response to maltose P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a maltose stimulus.
34287 detection of monosaccharide stimulus P The series of events in which a stimulus from a monosaccharide is received and converted into a molecular signal.
34288 detection of disaccharide stimulus P The series of events in which a stimulus from a disaccharide is received and converted into a molecular signal.
34289 detection of maltose stimulus P The series of events in which a maltose stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
34290 holin activity F A compound function consisting of the regulated formation of a pore via oligomerisation of an existing pool of subunits in the plasma membrane. The resulting channel activity directly or indirectly allows murein hydrolyases to access their cell wall substrate.
34291 canonical holin activity F A compound function consisting of the regulated formation of a pore via oligomerisation of an existing pool of subunits in the plasma membrane. The resulting channel activity directly allows release of a fully-folded phage-encoded endolysin (murein-degradase) from the cell.
34292 pinholin activity F A compound function consisting of the regulated formation of a pore via oligomerisation of an existing pool of subunits in the plasma membrane. The resulting ion channel activity indirectly allows endolysin (murein hydrolyases) to access their cell wall substrate by collapsing the proton motive force (PMF) across the membrane, allowing the endolysin to fold to an active form and hydrolyze bonds in the peptidoglycan cell wall.
34293 sexual sporulation P The formation of spores derived from the products of meiosis.
34294 sexual spore wall assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a sexual spore wall, the specialized envelope lying outside the cell membrane of a spore derived from a product of meiosis.
34295 basidiospore formation P The process in which spores form outside a specialized end cell known as a basidium. Basidia are characteristic of the basidiomycete fungi (phylum Basidiomycota), and give rise to spores that each contain a haploid nucleus that is the product of meiosis. The spores are usually attached to the basidium by short spikes called sterigmata (singular: sterigma). In most basidiomycetes there are four sterigmata (and four spores) to a basidium.
34296 zygospore formation P The process in which zygospores are formed. Zygospores are characteristic of the zygomycete fungi (phylum Zygomycota) thick-walled and darkly colored, and usually heavily ornamented as well, with many spines or ridges. It is formed between two specialized organs called suspensors, which are themselves usually heavily ornamented, one from each mating partner. The zygospore forms between them and then breaks away.
34297 oidium formation P The process in which oidia, a type of asexual spore found in fungi, are formed. Oidia are borne a few at a time on very simple hyphae that protrude a short distance into the substrate, and are usually presumed not to constitute the main reproductive strategy of the fungus.
34298 arthrospore formation P The formation of conidia by the conversion of a pre-existing hypha. An arthrospore is produced by the last cell on a hypha breaking off and dispersing. Usually the walls thicken and the cell(s) separates before swelling of each spore. Sometimes further septa form in each cell prior to disarticulation.
34299 reproductive blastospore formation P The formation of a spore following the marked enlargement of part of a cell before separation by a septum. Blastospores are a type of asexual spore found in some fungi, most notably the class Glomeromycota.
34300 sporangiospore formation P The process in which sporangiospores, a type of asexual spore found in fungi, are formed. Sporangiospores are formed within sac-like structure, the sporangium, following the division of the cytoplasm.
34301 endospore formation P The process in which a cell gives rise to an endospore, a dormant, highly resistant spore with a thick wall that forms within the mother cell. Endospores are produced by some low G+C Gram-positive bacteria in response to harsh conditions.
34302 akinete formation P The process in which an akinete, a thick-walled (encysted) dormant cell derived from the enlargement of a vegetative cell, is formed. Akinetes typically have granular cytoplasm, are more resistant to environmental extremes than vegetative cells, and are characteristic of several groups of Cyanobacteria.
34303 myxospore formation P The process in which differentiated, resting cells are formed, usually within a fruiting body by Myxobacteria. The myxospore is more resistant to high temperature, dessication, and UV than vegetative myxobacteria.
34304 actinomycete-type spore formation P The process in which differentiated, resting cells are formed from a substrate mycelium; characteristic of many members of the order Actinomycetales.
34305 regulation of asexual sporulation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spore formation from the products of mitosis.
34306 regulation of sexual sporulation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spore formation from the products of meiosis. An example of this is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
34307 regulation of ascospore formation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ascospore formation. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
34308 primary alcohol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving primary alcohols. A primary alcohol is any alcohol in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.
34309 primary alcohol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of primary alcohols. A primary alcohol is any alcohol in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.
34310 primary alcohol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of primary alcohols. A primary alcohol is any alcohol in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.
34311 diol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a diol, a compound that contains two hydroxy groups, generally assumed to be, but not necessarily, alcoholic.
34312 diol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a diol, any alcohol containing two hydroxyl groups attached to saturated carbon atoms.
34313 diol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a diol, any alcohol containing two hydroxyl groups attached to saturated carbon atoms.
34314 Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation P The actin nucleation process in which actin monomers combine to form a new branch on the side of an existing actin filament; mediated by the Arp2/3 protein complex and its interaction with other proteins.
34315 regulation of Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin nucleation mediated by the Arp2/3 complex and interacting proteins.
34316 negative regulation of Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin nucleation mediated by the Arp2/3 complex and interacting proteins.
34317 nicotinic acid riboside kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + nicotinic acid riboside = ADP + nicotinic acid mononucleotide.
34318 alcohol O-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to an oxygen atom on an alcohol acceptor molecule.
34319 alcohol O-butanoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: butanoyl-CoA + an alcohol = CoA + a butyl ester.
34320 alcohol O-hexanoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: hexanoyl-CoA + an alcohol = CoA + a hexyl ester.
34321 alcohol O-octanoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: octanoyl-CoA + an alcohol = CoA + an octyl ester.
34322 alcohol O-decanoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: decanoyl-CoA + an alcohol = CoA + a decyl ester.
34323 O-butanoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a butyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.
34324 O-hexanoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a hexyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.
34325 O-decanoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a decyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.
34326 butanoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a butanoyl (CH3-[CH2]2-CO-) group to an acceptor molecule.
34327 hexanoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a hexanoyl (CH3-[CH2]4-CO-) group to an acceptor molecule.
34328 decanoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a decanoyl (CH3-[CH2]8-CO-) group to an acceptor molecule.
34329 cell junction assembly P A cellular process that results in the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a cell junction.
34330 cell junction organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell junction. A cell junction is a specialized region of connection between two cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix.
34331 cell junction maintenance P The organization process that preserves a cell junction in a stable functional or structural state. A cell junction is a specialized region of connection between two cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix.
34332 adherens junction organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an adherens junction. An adherens junction is a cell junction at which the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane is attached to actin filaments.
34333 adherens junction assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an adherens junction. An adherens junction is a cell junction at which the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane is attached to actin filaments.
34334 adherens junction maintenance P The maintenance of an adherens junction. An adherens junction is a cell junction at which the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane is attached to actin filaments.
34335 DNA supercoiling activity F Catalytic introduction of supercoils in a DNA molecule or region thereof. In bacteria, negative supercoils are only introduced by DNA gyrase, a type II topoisomerase, but not all DNA gyrases are capable of introducing supercoils. In bacteria, the level of supercoiling varies widely between species and has been characterized properly in only a handful of organisms. The best characterized enzyme, from E.coli, is exceptionally proficient at supercoiling and this ability is not representative of all bacteria.
34336 misfolded RNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA molecule that has assumed an incorrect conformation.
34337 RNA folding P The process of assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single or multimeric RNAs into the correct tertiary structure.
34338 short-chain carboxylesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a carboxylic ester + H2O = an alcohol + a carboxylic anion, where the carboxylic chain has 8 or fewer carbon atoms.
34340 response to type I interferon P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a type I interferon stimulus. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.
34341 response to interferon-gamma P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-gamma stimulus. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon.
34342 response to type III interferon P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a type III interferon stimulus. Interferon lambda is the only member of the type III interferon found so far.
34343 type III interferon production P The appearance of type III interferon due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Interferon lambda is the only member of the type III interferon found so far.
34344 regulation of type III interferon production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type III interferon production. Interferon lambda is the only member of the type III interferon found so far.
34345 negative regulation of type III interferon production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of type III interferon production. Interferon lambda is the only member of the type III interferon found so far.
34346 positive regulation of type III interferon production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of type III interferon production. Interferon lambda is the only member of the type III interferon found so far.
34347 type III interferon binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type III interferon. Interferon lambda is the only member of the type III interferon found so far.
34348 type III interferon receptor activity F Combining with a type III interferon and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. Interferon lambda is the only member of the type III interferon found so far.
34349 glial cell apoptotic process P Any apoptotic process in a glial cell, a non-neuronal cell of the nervous system.
34350 regulation of glial cell apoptotic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of glial cell apoptotic process.
34351 negative regulation of glial cell apoptotic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of glial cell apoptotic process.
34352 positive regulation of glial cell apoptotic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of glial cell apoptotic process.
34353 RNA pyrophosphohydrolase activity F Catalysis of the removal of a 5' terminal pyrophosphate from the 5'-triphosphate end of an RNA, leaving a 5'-monophosphate end.
34354 'de novo' NAD biosynthetic process from tryptophan P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), beginning with the synthesis of tryptophan from simpler precursors; biosynthesis may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.
34355 NAD salvage P Any process that generates nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis; salvage is usually from the degradation products nicotinic acid (Na) and nicotinamide (Nam).
34356 NAD biosynthesis via nicotinamide riboside salvage pathway P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) from the vitamin precursor nicotinamide riboside.
34357 photosynthetic membrane C A membrane enriched in complexes formed of reaction centers, accessory pigments and electron carriers, in which photosynthetic reactions take place.
34358 plasma lipoprotein particle C A spherical particle with a hydrophobic core of triglycerides and/or cholesterol esters, surrounded by an amphipathic monolayer of phospholipids, cholesterol and apolipoproteins. Plasma lipoprotein particles transport lipids, which are non-covalently associated with the particles, in the blood or lymph.
34359 mature chylomicron C A chylomicron that contains apolipoprotein C2 (APOC2), a cofactor for lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity, and has a mean diameter of 500 nm and density of 0.95g/ml. Mature chylomicron particles transport exogenous (dietary) lipids from the intestines to other body tissues, via the blood and lymph.
34360 chylomicron remnant C A lipoprotein particle that is derived from a mature chylomicron particle by the removal of triglycerides from the chylomicron core by lipoprotein lipase and the subsequent loss of surface components. It characteristically contains apolipoprotein E (APOE) and is cleared from the blood by the liver.
34361 very-low-density lipoprotein particle C A triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle that is typically composed of APOB100, APOE and APOCs and has a density of about 1.006 g/ml and a diameter of between 20-80 nm. It is found in blood and transports endogenous products (newly synthesized cholesterol and triglycerides) from the liver.
34362 low-density lipoprotein particle C A lipoprotein particle, rich in cholesterol esters and low in triglycerides that is typically composed of APOB100 and APOE and has a density of 1.02-1.06 g/ml and a diameter of between 20-25 nm. LDL particles are formed from VLDL particles (via IDL) by the loss of triglyceride and gain of cholesterol ester. They transport endogenous cholesterol (and to some extent triglycerides) from peripheral tissues back to the liver.
34363 intermediate-density lipoprotein particle C A triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle that typically contains APOB100, APOE and APOCs and has a density of 1.006-1.019 g/ml and a diameter of between 25-30 nm. IDL particles are found in blood and are formed by the delipidation of very-low-density lipoprotein particles (VLDL). IDL particles are removed from blood by the liver, following binding to the APOE receptor, or are converted to low-density lipoprotein (LDL).
34364 high-density lipoprotein particle C A lipoprotein particle with a high density (typically 1.063-1.21 g/ml) and a diameter of 5-10 nm that contains APOAs and may contain APOCs and APOE; found in blood and carries lipids from body tissues to the liver as part of the reverse cholesterol transport process.
34365 discoidal high-density lipoprotein particle C A newly formed high-density lipoprotein particle; consists of a phospholipid bilayer surrounded by two or more APOA1 molecules. The discoidal HDL particle is formed when lipid-free or lipid-poor APOA1 acquires phospholipids and unesterified cholesterol from either cell membranes or triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (undergoing lipolysis by lipoprotein lipase).
34366 spherical high-density lipoprotein particle C A mature high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle, converted from discoidal HDL particles following the esterification of cholesterol in the particle by phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase (lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase; LCAT).
34367 macromolecular complex remodeling P The acquisition, loss, or modification of macromolecules within a complex, resulting in the alteration of an existing complex.
34368 protein-lipid complex remodeling P The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a protein-lipid complex.
34369 plasma lipoprotein particle remodeling P The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a plasma lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by hepatic lipase, with the subsequent loss of free fatty acid, and the esterification of cholesterol by phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase (lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase; LCAT).
34370 triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle remodeling P The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by lipoprotein lipase, with the subsequent loss of free fatty acid, and the transfer of cholesterol esters to a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle by cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), with the simultaneous transfer of triglyceride from a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle.
34371 chylomicron remodeling P The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a chylomicron, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by lipoprotein lipase and the subsequent loss of free fatty acid.
34372 very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling P The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a very-low-density lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by hepatic lipase or lipoprotein lipase and the subsequent loss of free fatty acid.
34373 intermediate-density lipoprotein particle remodeling P The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within an intermediate-density lipoprotein particle.
34374 low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling P The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a low-density lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by hepatic lipase, with the subsequent loss of free fatty acid, and the transfer of cholesterol esters from LDL to a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle by cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), with the simultaneous transfer of triglyceride to LDL.
34375 high-density lipoprotein particle remodeling P The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a high-density lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by hepatic lipase, with the subsequent loss of free fatty acid, and the transfer of cholesterol esters from LDL to a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle by cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), with the simultaneous transfer of triglyceride to LDL.
34376 conversion of discoidal high-density lipoprotein particle to spherical high-density lipoprotein particle P The process in which a discoidal high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle acquires additional lipid or protein molecules, and cholesterol in the particle is converted to tightly bound cholesterol esters by the action of phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase (lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase; LCAT), resulting in the formation of a spherical HDL particle.
34377 plasma lipoprotein particle assembly P The aggregation and arrangement of proteins and lipids to form a plasma lipoprotein particle.
34378 chylomicron assembly P The aggregation and arrangement of proteins and lipids in the intestine to form a chylomicron.
34379 very-low-density lipoprotein particle assembly P The aggregation and arrangement of proteins and lipids in the liver to form a very-low-density lipoprotein particle.
34380 high-density lipoprotein particle assembly P The aggregation and arrangement of proteins and lipids to form a high-density lipoprotein particle.
34381 plasma lipoprotein particle clearance P The process in which a lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.
34382 chylomicron remnant clearance P The process in which a chylomicron remnant is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis into liver cells and its constituent parts degraded.
34383 low-density lipoprotein particle clearance P The process in which a low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.
34384 high-density lipoprotein particle clearance P The process in which a high-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.
34385 triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle C A plasma lipoprotein particle that has a hydrophobic core enriched in triglycerides surrounded by an amphipathic monolayer of phospholipids, cholesterol and apolipoproteins. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteinparticles transport lipids, which are non-covalently associated with the particles, in the blood.
34386 4-aminobutyrate:2-oxoglutarate transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobutanoate + 2-oxoglutarate = succinate semialdehyde + L-glutamate.
34387 4-aminobutyrate:pyruvate transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobutanoate + pyruvate = succinate semialdehyde + alanine.
34388 Pwp2p-containing subcomplex of 90S preribosome C A protein complex that forms a subcomplex of the 90S preribosome and can interact directly with the 5' External Transcribed Spacer (ETS) of the full length pre-rRNA transcript. In S. cerevisiae, it sediments at 25-30 S and is composed of Pwp2p, Dip2p, Utp21p, Utp13p, Utp18p, and Utp6p.
34389 lipid particle organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lipid particle.
34390 smooth muscle cell apoptotic process P Any apoptotic process in a smooth muscle cell. Smooth muscle consists of non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the digestive tract, uterus, and blood vessels.
34391 regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process.
34392 negative regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process.
34393 positive regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process.
34394 protein localization to cell surface P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.
34395 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to iron P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter in response to an iron stimulus.
34396 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to iron P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter in response to an iron stimulus.
34397 telomere localization P Any process in which a telomere is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location.
34398 telomere tethering at nuclear periphery P The process in which a telomere is maintained in a specific location at the nuclear periphery.
34399 nuclear periphery C The portion of the nuclear lumen proximal to the inner nuclear membrane.
34400 gerontoplast C A plastid found in senescing, formerly green tissues that is derived from a chloroplast that undergoes an organized developmental program of senescence.
34401 chromatin organization involved in regulation of transcription P Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the physical structure of eukaryotic chromatin that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of DNA-dependent transcription.
34402 recruitment of 3'-end processing factors to RNA polymerase II holoenzyme complex P The process in which proteins required for 3'-end transcript processing become associated with the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme complex and the 3' end of a transcript.
34403 alignment of 3' and 5' splice sites of mRNA P Recognition of both the 5' and 3'-splice sites and positioning them in the correct alignment with respect to each other so that the second catalytic step of nuclear mRNA splicing can occur.
34404 nucleobase-containing small molecule biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleobase-containing small molecule: a nucleobase, a nucleoside, or a nucleotide.
34405 response to fluid shear stress P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fluid shear stress stimulus. Fluid shear stress is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is moving across a solid surface.
34406 cell wall beta-glucan metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
34407 cell wall (1->3)-beta-D-glucan metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
34408 ascospore wall beta-glucan metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of ascospores.
34409 ascospore wall (1->3)-beta-D-glucan metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of ascospores.
34410 cell wall beta-glucan biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
34411 cell wall (1->3)-beta-D-glucan biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
34412 ascospore wall beta-glucan biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of ascospores.
34413 ascospore wall (1->3)-beta-D-glucan biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of ascospores.
34414 tRNA 3'-trailer cleavage, endonucleolytic P Endonucleolytic cleavage of the 3'-end of the pre-tRNA as part of the process of generating the mature 3'-end of the tRNA.
34415 tRNA 3'-trailer cleavage, exonucleolytic P Exonucleolytic cleavage of the 3'-end of the pre-tRNA as part of the process of generating the mature 3'-end of the tRNA.
34416 bisphosphoglycerate phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-diphosphoglycerate + H2O = phosphoglycerate + phosphate.
34417 bisphosphoglycerate 3-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-diphosphoglycerate + H2O = 2-phospho-D-glycerate + phosphate.
34418 urate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of urate, the anion of uric acid, 2,6,8-trioxypurine.
34419 L-2-hydroxyglutarate oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-2-hydroxyglutarate + O2 = 2-oxoglutarate + hydrogen peroxide.
34420 co-translational protein acetylation P The addition of an acetyl group to one or more amino acids in a protein, occurring before the protein has been completely translated and released from the ribosome.
34421 post-translational protein acetylation P The addition of an acetyl group to one or more amino acids in a protein, occurring after the protein has been completely translated and released from the ribosome.
34422 aleurone grain lumen C The volume enclosed by the membrane of an aleurone grain.
34423 autophagosome lumen C The volume enclosed within the autophagosome double-membrane.
34424 Vps55/Vps68 complex C A membrane-associated protein complex that is required for a late stage of endosomal transport. In budding yeast, this complex consists of Vps55p and Vps68p proteins.
34425 etioplast envelope C The double lipid bilayer enclosing the etioplast and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.
34426 etioplast membrane C Either of the lipid bilayers that surround a etioplast and form the etioplast envelope.
34427 nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, exonucleolytic, 3'-5' P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the mRNA transcript body that occurs when the 3' end is not protected by a 3'-poly(A) tail; degradation proceeds in the 3' to 5' direction.
34428 nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, exonucleolytic, 5'-3' P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the mRNA transcript body that occurs when the 5' end is not protected by a 5'-cap; degradation proceeds in the 5' to 3' direction.
34429 tectobulbar tract morphogenesis P Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the optic tectum towards target cells in the premotor reticulospinal system in the hindbrain.
34430 monolayer-surrounded lipid storage body outer lipid monolayer C The single layer of phopholipids surrounding a lipid storage body.
34431 bis(5'-adenosyl)-hexaphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: P1-P6-bis(5'-adenosyl) hexaphosphate + H2O = AMP + adenosine 5'-pentaphosphate.
34432 bis(5'-adenosyl)-pentaphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: P1-P6-bis(5'-adenosyl) pentaphosphate + H2O = AMP + adenosine 5'-tetraphosphate.
34433 steroid esterification P A lipid modification process in which a steroid ester is formed by the combination of a carboxylic acid (often a fatty acid) and a steroid molecule (e.g. cholesterol).
34434 sterol esterification P A lipid modification process in which a sterol ester is formed by the combination of a carboxylic acid (often a fatty acid) and a sterol molecule (e.g. cholesterol).
34435 cholesterol esterification P A lipid modification process in which a sterol ester is formed by the combination of a carboxylic acid (often a fatty acid) and cholesterol. In the blood this process is associated with the conversion of free cholesterol into cholesteryl ester, which is then sequestered into the core of a lipoprotein particle.
34436 glycoprotein transport P The directed movement of a glycoprotein, any protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
34437 glycoprotein transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of a glycoprotein, any protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
34438 lipoprotein amino acid oxidation P The modification of a lipoprotein by oxidation of one or more amino acids in the protein.
34439 lipoprotein lipid oxidation P The modification of a lipoprotein by oxidation of the lipid group.
34440 lipid oxidation P The removal of one or more electrons from a lipid, with or without the concomitant removal of a proton or protons, by reaction with an electron-accepting substance, by addition of oxygen or by removal of hydrogen.
34441 plasma lipoprotein particle oxidation P The modification of a lipoprotein by oxidation of one or more amino acids or the lipid group, occurring in the blood plasma.
34442 regulation of lipoprotein oxidation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipoprotein oxidation.
34443 negative regulation of lipoprotein oxidation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lipoprotein oxidation.
34444 regulation of plasma lipoprotein particle oxidation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipoprotein oxidation, occurring in the blood plasma.
34445 negative regulation of plasma lipoprotein particle oxidation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lipoprotein particle oxidation, occurring in the blood plasma.
34446 substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading P The morphogenetic process that results in flattening of a cell as a consequence of its adhesion to a substrate.
34447 very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance P The process in which a very-low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.
34448 EGO complex C A vacuolar membrane-associated protein complex that is required for activation of microautophagy during exit from rapamycin-induced growth arrest. In budding yeast, S. cerevisiae, this complex includes Gtr1p, Gtr2p, Meh1p, and Slm4p.
34450 ubiquitin-ubiquitin ligase activity F Isoenergetic transfer of ubiquitin from one protein to an existing ubiquitin chain via the reaction X-ubiquitin + Y-ubiquitin -> Y-ubiquitin-ubiquitin + X, where both the X-ubiquitin and Y-ubiquitin-ubiquitin linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal glycine of ubiquitin and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.
34451 centriolar satellite C A small (70-100 nm) cytoplasmic granule that contains a number of centrosomal proteins; centriolar satellites traffic toward microtubule minus ends and are enriched near the centrosome.
34452 dynactin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any part of a dynactin complex; dynactin is a large protein complex that activates dynein-based motor activity.
34453 microtubule anchoring P Any process in which a microtubule is maintained in a specific location in a cell.
34454 microtubule anchoring at centrosome P Any process in which a microtubule is maintained in a specific location in a cell by attachment to a centrosome.
34455 t-UTP complex C A protein complex that forms a subcomplex of the 90S preribosome and is required for the subsequent assembly of the rest of the preribosome. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Utp5p, Utp4p, Nan1p, Utp8p, Utp9p, Utp10 and Utp15p.
34456 UTP-C complex C A protein complex that forms a subcomplex of the 90S preribosome. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Rrp7p, Utp22p, Ckb1p, Cka1p, Ckb2p and Cka2p.
34457 Mpp10 complex C A protein complex that forms a subcomplex of the 90S preribosome. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Mpp10p, Imp3p and Imp4p.
34458 3'-5' RNA helicase activity F Catalysis of the unwinding of an RNA helix in the direction 3' to 5'.
34459 ATP-dependent 3'-5' RNA helicase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; this reaction drives the unwinding of an RNA helix in the direction 3' to 5'.
34460 uropod assembly P The assembly of a uropod by rearrangement of the cytoskeleton and overlying membrane.
34461 uropod retraction P The process in which a uropod detaches from the cell substrate and retracts the rear of a migrating cell.
34462 small-subunit processome assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a small-subunit processome.
34463 90S preribosome assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a 90S preribosome. The 90S preribosome represents the complex that forms on the primary rRNA transcript before it splits into the small subunit and large subunit portions.
34464 BBSome C A ciliary protein complex involved in cilium biogenesis. It consists of at least seven Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) proteins and BBIP10. It moves in association with IFT trains through cilia (likely as an IFT-A/B adaptor or cargo), and is required for the integrity of IFT-A and IFT-B.
34465 response to carbon monoxide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbon monoxide (CO) stimulus.
34466 chromaffin granule lumen C The volume enclosed by the membrane of a chromaffin granule.
34467 esterosome lumen C The volume enclosed by the membrane of an esterosome.
34468 glycosome lumen C The volume enclosed by the membrane of a glycosome.
34469 Golgi stack lumen C The volume enclosed by any of the membranes of the thin, flattened cisternae that form the central portion of the Golgi complex.
34470 ncRNA processing P Any process that results in the conversion of one or more primary non-coding RNA (ncRNA) transcripts into one or more mature ncRNA molecules.
34471 ncRNA 5'-end processing P Any process involved in forming the mature 5' end of a non-coding RNA molecule.
34472 snRNA 3'-end processing P Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an snRNA molecule.
34473 U1 snRNA 3'-end processing P Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a U1 snRNA molecule.
34474 U2 snRNA 3'-end processing P Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a U2 snRNA molecule.
34475 U4 snRNA 3'-end processing P Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a U4 snRNA molecule.
34476 U5 snRNA 3'-end processing P Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a U5 snRNA molecule.
34477 U6 snRNA 3'-end processing P Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a U6 snRNA molecule.
34478 phosphatidylglycerol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylglycerols, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of glycerol.
34479 phosphatidylglycerol phospholipase C activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphatidylglycerol + H2O = 1,2-diacylglycerol + glycerol 3-phosphate.
34480 phosphatidylcholine phospholipase C activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylcholine + H2O = 1,2-diacylglycerol + a choline phosphate.
34481 chondroitin sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + chondroitin = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin sulfate.
34482 chondroitin 2-O-sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + chondroitin = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin 2'-O-sulfate. Results in sulfation of glucuronic acid and iduronic acid residues.
34483 heparan sulfate sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + heparan sulfate = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + sulfated heparan sulfate.
34484 raffinose catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of raffinose, the trisaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside.
34485 phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate + H2O = phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate + phosphate.
34486 vacuolar transmembrane transport P The process in which a solute is transported from one side of the vacuolar membrane to the other.
34487 vacuolar amino acid transmembrane transport P The process in which an amino acid is transported from one side of the vacuolar membrane to the other.
34488 basic amino acid transmembrane export from vacuole P The directed movement of basic amino acids out of the vacuole, across the vacuolar membrane.
34489 neutral amino acid transmembrane export from vacuole P The directed movement of neutral amino acids out of the vacuole, across the vacuolar membrane.
34490 basic amino acid transmembrane import into vacuole P The directed movement of basic amino acids into the vacuole across the vacuolar membrane.
34491 neutral amino acid transmembrane import into vacuole P The directed movement of neutral amino acids into the vacuole across the vacuolar membrane.
34492 hydrogenosome lumen C The volume enclosed by the hydrogenosome membrane.
34493 melanosome lumen C The volume enclosed by the melanosome membrane.
34494 microneme lumen C The volume enclosed by the microneme membrane.
34495 protein storage vacuole lumen C The volume enclosed by the protein storage vacuole membrane.
34496 multivesicular body membrane disassembly P The controlled breakdown of the membranes of multivesicular bodies.
34497 protein localization to pre-autophagosomal structure P Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the pre-autophagosomal structure (PAS).
34498 early endosome to Golgi transport P The directed movement of substances from early endosomes to the Golgi.
34499 late endosome to Golgi transport P The directed movement of substances from late endosomes to the Golgi.
34501 protein localization to kinetochore P Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the kinetochore.
34502 protein localization to chromosome P Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a specific location on a chromosome.
34503 protein localization to nucleolar rDNA repeats P Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the rDNA repeats on a chromosome in the nucleolus.
34504 protein localization to nucleus P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the nucleus.
34505 tooth mineralization P The process in which calcium salts are deposited into calcareous tooth structures such as dental enamel, dentin and cementum.
34506 chromosome, centromeric core domain C The innermost portion of the centromeric region of a chromosome, encompassing the core region of a chromosome centromere and the proteins that bind to it.
34507 chromosome, centromeric outer repeat region C The portion of the centromeric region of a chromosome that flanks the core region, encompassing repeated regions of a chromosome centromere and the proteins that bind to it.
34508 centromere complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and centromeric DNA molecules to form a centromeric protein-DNA complex. Includes the formation of the chromatin structures which form a platform for the kinetochore, and assembly of the kinetochore onto this specialized chromatin. In fission yeast and higher eukaryotes this process also includes the formation of heterochromatin at the outer repeat (pericentric) regions of the centromere.
34510 centromere separation P The cell cycle process in which centromeres are physically detached from each other during chromosome separation.
34511 U3 snoRNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with U3 small nucleolar RNA.
34512 box C/D snoRNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with box C/D small nucleolar RNA.
34513 box H/ACA snoRNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with box H/ACA small nucleolar RNA.
34514 mitochondrial unfolded protein response P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the presence of unfolded proteins in the mitochondrial matrix; results in transcriptional upregulation of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial stress proteins.
34515 proteasome storage granule C A multisubunit proteasome complex that localizes in the cytoplasm as dot-like structures when cells are in a quiescent state.
34516 response to vitamin B6 P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin B6 stimulus. Vitamin B6 encompasses pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine and the active form, pyridoxal phosphate.
34517 ribophagy P The process in which cells degrade mature ribosomes under conditions of starvation.
34518 RNA cap binding complex C Any protein complex that binds to a specialized RNA cap structure at any time in the lifetime of the RNA.
34519 cytoplasmic RNA cap binding complex C A protein complex found in the cytoplasm that binds the 5' cap structure of an mRNA, and typically consists of the cap-binding protein eIF4E, the adaptor protein eIF4G, and a multi-factor complex comprising eIF1, eIF2, eIF3 and eIF5. This complex mediates recruitment of the 40S subunit to mRNA.
34520 2-naphthaldehyde dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-naphthaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = 2-naphthoate + NADH + H+.
34521 1-naphthoic acid dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-naphthoic acid + NADH + O2 + H+ = cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydro-8-carboxynaphthalene + NAD+.
34522 cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydro-8-carboxynaphthalene dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydro-8-carboxynaphthalene = 1,2-dihydroxy-8-carboxynaphthalene + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
34523 3-formylsalicylate oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-formylsalicylic acid + O2 + H2O = 2-hydroxyisophthalic acid + hydrogen peroxide.
34524 2-hydroxyisophthalate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxyisophthalic acid = salicylate + CO2.
34525 1-naphthaldehyde dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-naphthaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = 1-naphthoic acid + NADH + H+.
34526 2-methylnaphthalene hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylnaphthalene + NADH + O2 + H+ = 2-hydroxymethylnaphthalene + NAD+ + H2O.
34527 1,2-dihydroxy-8-carboxynaphthalene dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxy-8-carboxynaphthalene + O2 = 2-carboxy-2-hydroxy-8-carboxychromene.
34528 2-carboxy-2-hydroxy-8-carboxychromene isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-carboxy-2-hydroxy-8-carboxychromene = 2-hydroxy-3-carboxybenzalpyruvate.
34529 2-hydroxy-3-carboxy-benzalpyruvate hydratase-aldolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-3-carboxybenzalpyruvate + H2O = 3-formylsalicylic acid + pyruvate.
34530 4-hydroxymethylsalicyaldehyde dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxymethylsalicylaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = 4-hydroxymethylsalicylate + NADH + 2 H+.
34531 2-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethylbenzalpyruvate hydratase-aldolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethylbenzalpyruvate + H2O = pyruvate + 4-hydroxymethylsalicylaldehyde.
34532 2-hydroxy-7-hydroxymethylchromene-2-carboxylate isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-7-hydroxymethylchromene-2-carboxylate = 2-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethylbenzalpyruvate.
34533 1,2-dihydroxy-7-hydroxymethylnaphthalene dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxy-7-hydroxymethylnaphthalene + O2 = 2-hydroxy-7-hydroxymethylchromene-2-carboxylate.
34534 1-methylnaphthalene hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-methylnaphthalene + NADH + H+ + O2 = 1-hydroxymethylnaphthalene + NAD+ + H2O.
34535 1,2-dihydroxy-8-methylnaphthalene dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxy-8-methylnaphthalene + O2 = 2-hydroxy-8-methylchromene-2-carboxylate + H+.
34536 2-hydroxy-8-methylchromene-2-carboxylate isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-8-methylchromene-2-carboxylate = 2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzalpyruvate.
34537 2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzalpyruvate hydratase-aldolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzalpyruvate + H2O = pyruvate + 3-methylsalicylaldehyde.
34538 3-methylsalicylaldehyde dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methylsalicylaldehyde + NAD+ = 3-methylsalicylate + NADH + H+.
34539 3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A reductive dehalogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 3,3',5-tribromobisphenol A + HBr.
34540 3-monobromobisphenol A reductive dehalogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-monobromobisphenol A + 2 H+ + 2 e- = bisphenol A + HBr.
34541 dimethylarsinite methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylarsenous acid + R2S-CH3 = trimethylarsine oxide + R2SH.
34542 trimethylarsine oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: trimethylarsine oxide + 2 H+ + 2 e- = trimethylarsine + H2O.
34543 5-aminosalicylate dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-aminosalicylate + O2 = cis-4-amino-6-carboxy-2-oxo-hexa-3,5-dienoate.
34544 trans-ACOHDA hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: trans-4-amino-6-carboxy-2-oxo-hexa-3,5-dienoate + H2O = fumarylpyruvate + NH3.
34545 fumarylpyruvate hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: fumarylpyruvate + H2O = fumarate + pyruvate + H+.
34546 2,4-dichloroaniline reductive dehalogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dichloroaniline + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 4-chloroaniline + HCl.
34547 N-cyclopropylmelamine deaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cyromazine + H2O = N-cyclopropylammeline + NH3.
34548 N-cyclopropylammeline deaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-cyclopropylammeline + H2O = N-cyclopropylammelide + NH3.
34549 N-cyclopropylammelide alkylamino hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-cyclopropylammelide + H2O = cyclopropylamine + cyanuric acid.
34550 dimethylarsinate reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylarsinate + 3 H+ + 2 e- = dimethylarsinous acid + H2O.
34551 mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the cytochrome bc(1) complex (also known as ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase), in the mitochondrial inner membrane.
34552 respiratory chain complex II assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form respiratory chain complex II.
34553 mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form respiratory chain complex II, in the mitochondrial inner membrane.
34554 3,3',5-tribromobisphenol A reductive dehalogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3,3',5-tribromobisphenol A + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 3,3'-dibromobisphenol A + HBr.
34555 3,3'-dibromobisphenol A reductive dehalogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3,3'-dibromobisphenol A + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 3-monobromobisphenol A + HBr.
34556 nitrobenzoate nitroreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: o-nitrobenzoate + NADPH + H+ = o-hydroxylaminobenzoate + NADP+.
34557 2-hydroxylaminobenzoate reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxylaminobenzoate + NAD(P)H = anthranilate + NAD(P)+ + H2O.
34558 technetium (VII) reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: pertechnetate ion + 3/2 H2 = technetium (IV) oxide + H2O + OH-.
34559 bisphenol A hydroxylase B activity F Catalysis of the reaction: bisphenol A + NADH + H+ + O2 = 1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propanol + NAD+ + H2O.
34560 bisphenol A hydroxylase A activity F Catalysis of the reaction: bisphenol A + NADH + H+ + O2 = 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propanol + NAD+ + H2O.
34561 1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-proponol dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propanol = 4,4'-dihydroxy-alpha-methylstilbene + H2O.
34562 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propanol hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propanol + NADH + H+ + O2 = 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2-propanediol + NAD+ + H2O.
34563 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2-propanediol dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2-propanediol + O2 = 4-hydroxyphenacyl alcohol + 4-hydroxybenzoate + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
34564 4,4'-dihydroxy-alpha-methylstilbene dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4,4'-dihydroxy-alpha-methylstilbene + O2 = 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + 4-hydroxyacetophenone + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
34565 1-nitro-1,2-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-nitro-1,2-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine + 2 H2O = 1-nitro-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4-diol.
34567 chromate reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: chromate = chromium (III).
34568 isoproturon dimethylaminedehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: isoproturon + H2O = formaldehyde + monodemethylisoproturon + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
34569 monodemethylisoproturon dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: monodemethylisoproturon + H2O = hydroxymonodemethylisoproturon + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
34570 hydroxymonomethylisoproturon dimethylaminedehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: hydroxymonodemethylisoproturon + H2O = formaldehyde + 4'-(2-hydroxyisopropyl)phenylurea + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
34571 4'-(2-hydroxyisopropyl)phenylurea amidohydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4'-(2-hydroxyisopropyl)phenylurea + H2O = 4'-(2-hydroxyisopropyl)phenylaniline + carbamic acid.
34572 monodemethylisoproturon dimethylaminedehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: monodemethylisoproturon + H2O = didemethylisoproturon + formaldehyde + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
34573 didemethylisoproturon amidohydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: didemethylisoproturon + H2O = carbamic acid + 4-isopropylaniline.
34574 didemethylisoproturon dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: didemethylisoproturon + H2O = 4'-(2-hydroxyisopropyl)phenylurea + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
34575 4-isopropylaniline dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-isopropylaniline + H2O = 4'-(2-hydroxyisopropyl)phenylaniline + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
34576 N-isopropylacetanilide amidohydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-isopropylacetanilide + OH- = N-isopropylaniline + acetate.
34577 N-isopropylacetaniline monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-isopropylacetanilide + 1/2 O2 = acetanilide + acetone.
34578 limonene 8-hydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: limonene + H2O = alpha-terpineol.
34579 (1-methylpentyl)succinate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: fumarate + n-hexane = (1-methylpentyl)succinate.
34580 4-methyloctanoyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methyloctanoyl-CoA = 4-methyloct-2-enoyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
34581 4-methyloct-2-enoyl-CoA hydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methyloct-2-enoyl-CoA + H2O = 3-hydroxy-4-methyloctanoyl-CoA.
34582 3-hydroxy-4-methyloctanoyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-4-methyloctanoyl-CoA = 4-methyl-3-oxooctanoyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
34583 21U-RNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a 21U-RNA, a 21-nucleotide RNA characterized by a uridine 5'-monophosphate and a modified 3' end resistant to periodate degradation. 21U-RNAs are derived from distinct, autonomously expressed loci within the genome.
34584 piRNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a piRNA, a Piwi-associated RNA, a 24- to 30-nucleotide RNA derived from repeat or complex DNA sequence elements and processed by a Dicer-independent mechanism.
34585 21U-RNA metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 21U-RNAs, a class of single-stranded RNA molecules of about 21 nucleotides in length characterized by a uridine 5'-monophosphate and a modified 3' end resistant to periodate degradation. 21U-RNAs are derived from distinct, autonomously expressed loci within the genome.
34586 21U-RNA catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 21U-RNAs, a class of single-stranded RNA molecules of about 21 nucleotides in length characterized by a uridine 5'-monophosphate and a modified 3' end resistant to periodate degradation. 21U-RNAs are derived from distinct, autonomously expressed loci within the genome.
34587 piRNA metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving piRNAs, Piwi-associated RNAs, a class of 24- to 30-nucleotide RNA derived from repeat or complex DNA sequence elements and processed by a Dicer-independent mechanism.
34588 piRNA catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of piRNAs, Piwi-associated RNAs, a class of 24- to 30-nucleotide RNA derived from repeat or complex DNA sequence elements and processed by a Dicer-independent mechanism.
34589 hydroxyproline transport P The directed movement of hydroxyproline into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
34590 L-hydroxyproline transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of L-hydroxyproline from one side of a membrane to the other.
34591 rhoptry lumen C The volume enclosed by the rhoptry membrane.
34592 synaptic vesicle lumen C The volume enclosed by the synaptic vesicle membrane.
34593 phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate + H2O = phosphatidylinositol phosphate + phosphate.
34594 phosphatidylinositol trisphosphate phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylinositol trisphosphate + H2O = phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate + phosphate.
34595 phosphatidylinositol phosphate 5-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the removal of the 5-phosphate group of a phosphatidylinositol phosphate.
34596 phosphatidylinositol phosphate 4-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the removal of the 4-phosphate group of a phosphatidylinositol phosphate.
34597 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + H2O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate + phosphate.
34598 phosphothreonine lyase activity F Catalysis of the removal of the phosphate group from phosphothreonine by cleavage of the C-OP bond with the concomitant abstraction of the alpha proton, generating a double bond-containing product.
34599 cellular response to oxidative stress P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.
34601 oxoglutarate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + CoA + NAD(P)+ = succinyl-CoA + CO2 + NAD(P)H.
34602 oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + CoA + NAD+ = succinyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH.
34603 pyruvate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity F Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + CoA + NAD(P)+ = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NAD(P)H.
34604 pyruvate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + CoA + NAD+ = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH.
34605 cellular response to heat P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism.
34606 response to hermaphrodite contact P The response by the male to a hermaphrodite after initial contact following mate finding. The male stops forward locomotion, presses the ventral side of his tail against his partner's body, and begins moving backward along the hermaphrodite. Male response behavior is initiated when sensory neurons located in the rays of his tail contact a potential mate.
34607 turning behavior involved in mating P The sharp ventral turn performed by the male as he approaches either the hermaphrodite head or tail, whilst trying to locate his partner's vulva. Turning occurs via a sharp ventral coil of the male's tail.
34608 vulval location P Location, by the male, of his partner's vulva when backing along the ventral side of the hermaphrodite during mating. The male stops at the vulva, coordinates his movements to the hermaphrodite's, and positions his tail precisely over the vulva so that he may insert his spicules and ejaculate.
34609 spicule insertion P Insertion of the male copulatory spicules into the hermaphrodite. Spicule insertion behavior initiates when the male cloaca contacts the vulva. During most mating encounters, the spicule tips will prod the vulva continuously until they partially penetrate, which then causes the protractors to contract completely so that the spicules extend through the vulva.
34610 oligodeoxyribonucleotidase activity F Catalysis of the exonucleolytic cleavage of oligodeoxyribonucleotides to yield deoxyribonucleoside 5'-phosphates.
34611 oligoribonucleotidase activity F Catalysis of the exonucleolytic cleavage of oligoribonucleotides to yield ribonucleoside 5'-phosphates.
34612 response to tumor necrosis factor P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tumor necrosis factor stimulus.
34613 cellular protein localization P Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location at the level of a cell. Localization at the cellular level encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell.
34614 cellular response to reactive oxygen species P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a reactive oxygen species stimulus. Reactive oxygen species include singlet oxygen, superoxide, and oxygen free radicals.
34615 GCH1 complex C A protein complex that possesses GTP cyclohydrolase I activity. In E. coli and human, the complex is a homodecamer, and monomers are catalytically inactive.
34616 response to laminar fluid shear stress P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a laminar fluid shear stress stimulus. Laminar fluid flow is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is moving across a solid surface in parallel layers. As an example, laminar shear stress can be seen where blood flows against the luminal side of blood vessel walls.
34617 tetrahydrobiopterin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a tetrahydrobiopterin, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin or a derivative thereof; tetrahydrobiopterins are enzyme cofactors that carry electrons in redox reactions.
34618 arginine binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid.
34620 cellular response to unfolded protein P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an unfolded protein stimulus.
34622 cellular macromolecular complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a complex, carried out at the cellular level.
34624 DNA recombinase assembly involved in gene conversion at mating-type locus P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) into higher order oligomers on single-stranded DNA, involved in the conversion of the mating-type locus from one allele to another.
34625 fatty acid elongation, monounsaturated fatty acid P Elongation of a fatty acid chain into which one C-C double bond has been introduced.
34626 fatty acid elongation, polyunsaturated fatty acid P Elongation of a fatty acid chain into which two or more C-C double bonds have been introduced.
34627 'de novo' NAD biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), beginning with the synthesis of tryptophan or aspartate from simpler precursors; biosynthesis may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.
34628 'de novo' NAD biosynthetic process from aspartate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), beginning with the synthesis of aspartate from simpler precursors; biosynthesis may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.
34629 cellular protein complex localization P A protein complex localization process that takes place at the cellular level; as a result, a protein complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location within a cell.
34630 RITS complex localization P Any process in which a RITS complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
34631 microtubule anchoring at spindle pole body P Any process in which a microtubule is maintained in a specific location in a cell by attachment to a spindle pole body. Microtubules attach to spindle pole bodies at the minus end.
34632 retinol transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of retinol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Retinol is vitamin A1, 2,6,6-trimethyl-1-(9'-hydroxy-3',7'-dimethylnona-1',3',5',7'-tetraenyl)cyclohex-1-ene, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A.
34633 retinol transport P The directed movement of retinol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Retinol is vitamin A1, 2,6,6-trimethyl-1-(9'-hydroxy-3',7'-dimethylnona-1',3',5',7'-tetraenyl)cyclohex-1-ene, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A.
34634 glutathione transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, across a membrane into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
34635 glutathione transport P The directed movement of glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
34636 strand invasion involved in gene conversion at mating-type locus P The process in which the nucleoprotein complex (composed of the broken single-strand DNA and the recombinase) searches and identifies a region of homology in intact duplex DNA at the mating-type locus. The broken single-strand DNA displaces the like strand and forms Watson-Crick base pairs with its complement, forming a duplex in which each strand is from one of the two recombining DNA molecules. This process occurs as part of gene conversion at the mating-type locus.
34637 cellular carbohydrate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, carried out by individual cells.
34638 phosphatidylcholine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylcholines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline.
34639 L-amino acid efflux transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of an L-amino acid from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.
34640 establishment of mitochondrion localization by microtubule attachment P The directed movement of a mitochondrion by attachment to a microtubule, followed by elongation of the microtubule by tubulin polymerization.
34641 cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving various organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds, as carried out by individual cells.
34642 mitochondrion migration along actin filament P The directed movement of a mitochondrion along a microfilament, mediated by motor proteins.
34643 establishment of mitochondrion localization, microtubule-mediated P The directed movement of the mitochondrion to a specific location, by a process involving microtubules.
34644 cellular response to UV P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ultraviolet radiation (UV light) stimulus. Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers.
34645 cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass, carried out by individual cells.
34646 organelle-enclosing lipid monolayer C A lipid monolayer that surrounds and encloses an organelle.
34647 histone demethylase activity (H3-trimethyl-K4 specific) F Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from trimethylated lysine at position 4 of the histone H3 protein.
34648 histone demethylase activity (H3-dimethyl-K4 specific) F Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from dimethylated lysine at position 4 of the histone H3 protein.
34649 histone demethylase activity (H3-monomethyl-K4 specific) F Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 4) + O2 + FAD + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine (position 4) + H2O2 + formaldehyde + FADH2. This reaction is the removal of a methyl group from monomethylated lysine at position 4 of the histone H3 protein.
34650 cortisol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving cortisol, the steroid hormone 11-beta-17,21-trihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. Cortisol is synthesized from cholesterol in the adrenal gland and controls carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism and has anti-inflammatory properties.
34651 cortisol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cortisol, the steroid hormone 11-beta-17,21-trihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. Cortisol is synthesized from cholesterol in the adrenal gland and controls carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism and has anti-inflammatory properties.
34652 extrachromosomal circular DNA localization involved in cell aging P A process in which extrachromosomal circular DNA molecules are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in cells contributing to their aging.
34653 retinoic acid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of retinoic acid, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A.
34654 nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.
34655 nucleobase-containing compound catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.
34656 nucleobase-containing small molecule catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleobase-containing small molecule: a nucleobase, a nucleoside, or a nucleotide.
34657 GID complex C A protein complex with ubiquitin ligase activity that is involved in proteasomal degradation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase during the transition from gluconeogenic to glycolytic growth conditions. In S. cerevisiae, the GID (Glucose Induced degradation Deficient) complex consists of Vid30p, Rmd5p, Vid24p, Vid28p, Gid7p, Gid8p, and Fyv10p.
34658 isopropylmalate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of isopropylmalate from one side of the membrane to the other.
34659 isopropylmalate transport P The directed movement of isopropylmalate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
34660 ncRNA metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving non-coding RNA transcripts (ncRNAs).
34661 ncRNA catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of non-coding RNA transcripts (ncRNAs). Includes the breakdown of cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs).
34662 CFTR-NHERF-ezrin complex C A protein complex that contains ezrin, Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor (NHERF, also called EBP50), and two copies of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). The CFTR molecules interact with NHERF via their cytoplasmic tail domains; the complex is thought to link the CFTR channel to the actin cytoskeleton and contribute to the regulation of channel activity.
34663 endoplasmic reticulum chaperone complex C A protein complex that is located in the endoplasmic reticulum and is composed of chaperone proteins, including BiP, GRP94; CaBP1, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), ERdj3, cyclophilin B, ERp72, GRP170, UDP-glucosyltransferase, and SDF2-L1.
34664 Ig heavy chain-bound endoplasmic reticulum chaperone complex C A protein complex that is located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and is formed by the association of an immunoglobulin heavy chain with the proteins of the ER chaperone complex; the latter include BiP, GRP94; CaBP1, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), ERdj3, cyclophilin B, ERp72, GRP170, UDP-glucosyltransferase, and SDF2-L1.
34665 integrin alpha1-beta1 complex C An integrin complex that comprises one alpha1 subunit and one beta1 subunit.
34666 integrin alpha2-beta1 complex C An integrin complex that comprises one alpha2 subunit and one beta1 subunit.
34667 integrin alpha3-beta1 complex C An integrin complex that comprises one alpha3 subunit and one beta1 subunit.
34668 integrin alpha4-beta1 complex C An integrin complex that comprises one alpha4 subunit and one beta1 subunit.
34669 integrin alpha4-beta7 complex C An integrin complex that comprises one alpha4 subunit and one beta7 subunit.
34670 chemotaxis to arachidonic acid P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to the presence of arachidonic acid.
34671 retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway involved in pronephros anterior/posterior pattern specification P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a retinoic acid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that results in the spatial identity of regions along the anterior-posterior axis of the pronephros.
34672 anterior/posterior pattern specification involved in pronephros development P The developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the pronephros along the anterior/posterior axis to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.
34673 inhibin-betaglycan-ActRII complex C A protein complex that consists of inhibin, type III transforming growth factor beta receptor (also known as betaglycan), and the type II activin receptor ActRII. The complex is thought to negatively regulate the activity of activin B.
34674 integrin alpha5-beta1 complex C An integrin complex that comprises one alpha5 subunit and one beta1 subunit.
34675 integrin alpha6-beta1 complex C An integrin complex that comprises one alpha6 subunit and one beta1 subunit.
34676 integrin alpha6-beta4 complex C An integrin complex that comprises one alpha6 subunit and one beta4 subunit.
34677 integrin alpha7-beta1 complex C An integrin complex that comprises one alpha7 subunit and one beta1 subunit.
34678 integrin alpha8-beta1 complex C An integrin complex that comprises one alpha8 subunit and one beta1 subunit.
34679 integrin alpha9-beta1 complex C An integrin complex that comprises one alpha9 subunit and one beta1 subunit.
34680 integrin alpha10-beta1 complex C An integrin complex that comprises one alpha10 subunit and one beta1 subunit.
34681 integrin alpha11-beta1 complex C An integrin complex that comprises one alpha11 subunit and one beta1 subunit.
34682 integrin alphav-beta1 complex C An integrin complex that comprises one alphav subunit and one beta1 subunit.
34683 integrin alphav-beta3 complex C An integrin complex that comprises one alphav subunit and one beta3 subunit.
34684 integrin alphav-beta5 complex C An integrin complex that comprises one alphav subunit and one beta5 subunit.
34685 integrin alphav-beta6 complex C An integrin complex that comprises one alphav subunit and one beta6 subunit.
34686 integrin alphav-beta8 complex C An integrin complex that comprises one alphav subunit and one beta8 subunit.
34687 integrin alphaL-beta2 complex C An integrin complex that comprises one alphaL subunit and one beta2 subunit.
34688 integrin alphaM-beta2 complex C An integrin complex that comprises one alphaM subunit and one beta2 subunit.
34689 integrin alphaX-beta2 complex C An integrin complex that comprises one alphaX subunit and one beta2 subunit.
34690 integrin alphaD-beta2 complex C An integrin complex that comprises one alphaD subunit and one beta2 subunit.
34691 integrin alphaE-beta7 complex C An integrin complex that comprises one alphaE subunit and one beta7 subunit.
34692 E.F.G complex C A protein complex that comprises three core spliceosomal proteins, designated E, F, and G. Formation of the E.F.G complex is essential but not sufficient for the formation of a stable U1 snRNP complex.
34693 U11/U12 snRNP C A ribonucleoprotein complex formed by the association of the U11 and U12 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins.
34694 response to prostaglandin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin stimulus.
34695 response to prostaglandin E P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin E stimulus.
34696 response to prostaglandin F P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin F stimulus.
34697 response to prostaglandin I P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin I stimulus.
34698 response to gonadotropin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gonadotropin stimulus.
34699 response to luteinizing hormone P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a luteinizing hormone stimulus.
34700 allulose 6-phosphate 3-epimerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-allulose 6-phosphate = D-fructose 6-phosphate.
34701 tripeptidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a tripeptide.
34702 ion channel complex C A protein complex that spans a membrane and forms a water-filled channel across the phospholipid bilayer allowing selective ion transport down its electrochemical gradient.
34703 cation channel complex C An ion channel complex through which cations pass.
34704 calcium channel complex C An ion channel complex through which calcium ions pass.
34705 potassium channel complex C An ion channel complex through which potassium ions pass.
34706 sodium channel complex C An ion channel complex through which sodium ions pass.
34707 chloride channel complex C An ion channel complex through which chloride ions pass.
34708 methyltransferase complex C A protein complex that possesses methyltransferase activity.
34709 methylosome C A large (20 S) protein complex that possesses protein arginine methyltransferase activity and modifies specific arginines to dimethylarginines in the arginine- and glycine-rich domains of several spliceosomal Sm proteins, thereby targeting these proteins to the survival of motor neurons (SMN) complex for assembly into small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) core particles. Proteins found in the methylosome include the methyltransferase JBP1 (PRMT5), pICln (CLNS1A), MEP50 (WDR77), and unmethylated forms of SM proteins that have RG domains.
34710 inhibin complex binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an inhibin complex, a dimer of one inhibin-alpha subunit and one inhibin-beta subunit.
34711 inhibin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an inhibin monomer, any of the polypeptides that combine to form activin and inhibin dimers.
34713 type I transforming growth factor beta receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type I transforming growth factor beta receptor.
34714 type III transforming growth factor beta receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type III transforming growth factor beta receptor.
34715 pICln-Sm protein complex C A protein complex that contains pICln (CLNS1A) and several Sm proteins, including SmD1, SmD2, SmE, SmF, and SmG.
34716 Gemin3-Gemin4-Gemin5 complex C A protein complex that contains Gemin3 (DDX20), Gemin4, and Gemin5, and can bind to snRNAs; may be an intermediate in SMN complex assembly.
34717 Gemin6-Gemin7-unrip complex C A protein complex that contains Gemin6, Gemin7, and unrip (STRAP), and can bind to snRNAs; may play a role in snRNP assembly.
34718 SMN-Gemin2 complex C A protein complex that contains the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein and Gemin2; may form the stable core of the larger SMN complex.
34719 SMN-Sm protein complex C A protein complex formed by the association of several methylated Sm proteins with the SMN complex; the latter contains the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein and at least eight additional integral components, including the Gemin2-8 and unrip proteins; additional proteins, including galectin-1 and galectin-3, are also found in the SMN-SM complex. The SMN-Sm complex is involved in spliceosomal snRNP assembly in the cytoplasm.
34720 histone H3-K4 demethylation P The modification of histone H3 by the removal of a methyl group from lysine at position 4 of the histone.
34721 histone H3-K4 demethylation, trimethyl-H3-K4-specific P The modification of histone H3 by the removal of a methyl group from a trimetylated lysine at position 4 of the histone.
34722 gamma-glutamyl-peptidase activity F Catalysis of the cleavage of a gamma-linked glutamate bond.
34723 DNA replication-dependent nucleosome organization P The formation or destruction of chromatin structures on newly replicated DNA, coupled to strand elongation.
34724 DNA replication-independent nucleosome organization P The formation or destruction of chromatin structures, occurring outside the context of DNA replication.
34725 DNA replication-dependent nucleosome disassembly P The controlled breakdown of nucleosomes on newly replicated DNA, coupled to strand elongation.
34726 DNA replication-independent nucleosome disassembly P The controlled breakdown of nucleosomes outside the context of DNA replication.
34727 piecemeal microautophagy of nucleus P Degradation of a cell nucleus by lysosomal microautophagy.
34728 nucleosome organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of one or more nucleosomes.
34729 histone H3-K79 methylation P The modification of histone H3 by addition of a methyl group to lysine at position 79 of the histone.
34730 SmD-containing SMN-Sm protein complex C An SMN-Sm protein complex formed by the association of the methylated Sm proteins B/B', D1, D2, D3, E, F, and G with the SMN complex.
34731 Lsm-containing SMN-Sm protein complex C An SMN-Sm protein complex formed by the association of the methylated Sm proteins B/B', D3, E, F, and G, and Lsm10 and Lsm11, with the SMN complex. This complex forms Sm cores on U7 snRNA.
34732 transcription factor TFIIIB-alpha complex C A transcription factor TFIIIB-beta complex that contains the TATA-binding protein (TBP), B'' and a specialized homolog of the conserved subunit BRF referred to as BRFU or TFIIIB50, which found in human but not conserved in yeast; the complex is involved in the regulation of transcription from type 3 (upstream) RNA polymerase III promoters.
34733 transcription factor TFIIIB-beta complex C A transcription factor TFIIIB-beta complex that contains the TATA-binding protein (TBP), B'' and BRF, and is involved in the regulation of transcription from type 2 RNA polymerase III promoters.
34734 transcription factor TFIIIC1 complex C A transcription factor complex that forms part of the TFIIIC complex, observed in human. The complex is poorly characterized, but contains the 250-kDa form of HsBdp1, and is thought to include nuclear factor 1 (NF1). It stimulates binding by human TFIIIC2 and is required for transcription activity.
34735 transcription factor TFIIIC2 complex C A transcription factor complex that forms part of the TFIIIC complex, observed in human; composed of five subunits (GTF3C1/hTFIIIC220/TFIIICalpha, GTF3C2/hTFIIIC110/TFIIICbeta, GTF3C3/hTFIIIC102/TFIIICgamma, GTF3C4/hTFIIIC90/TFIIICdelta and GTF3C5/hTFIIIC63/TFIIICepsilon in human) that together recognize the type 2 RNA polymerase III promoter.
34736 cholesterol O-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + cholesterol = a cholesterol ester + CoA.
34737 ergosterol O-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + ergosterol = CoA + ergosterol ester.
34738 lanosterol O-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + lanosterol = CoA + lanosterol ester.
34739 histone deacetylase activity (H4-K16 specific) F Catalysis of the reaction: histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 16) + H2O = histone H4 L-lysine (position 16) + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 16 of the histone H4 protein.
34740 TFIIIC-TOP1-SUB1 complex C A protein complex that contains TFIIIC, topoisomerase 1, and Sub1/PC4. Characterized in human, the complex is involved in regulating transcription from RNA polymerase III (Pol III) promoters. Topoisomerase 1 and Sub1 enhance the accuracy of transcription termination, and promote reinitiation by Pol III.
34741 APC-tubulin-IQGAP1 complex C A protein complex that contains the tumor suppressor protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), alpha-tubulin, gamma-tubulin, and the Rac1 and Cdc42 effector IQGAP1; may play a role in cytoskeleton organization.
34743 APC-IQGAP complex C A protein complex that contains the tumor suppressor protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and the Rac1 and Cdc42 effector IQGAP1; may play a role in cytoskeleton organization and cell migration.
34744 APC-IQGAP1-Cdc42 complex C A protein complex that contains the tumor suppressor protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), the small GTPase Cdc42, and the Rac1 and Cdc42 effector IQGAP1; may play a role in cytoskeleton organization and cell migration.
34745 APC-IQGAP1-Rac1 complex C A protein complex that contains the tumor suppressor protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), the small GTPase Rac1, and the Rac1 and Cdc42 effector IQGAP1; may play a role in cytoskeleton organization and cell migration.
34746 APC-IQGAP1-CLIP-170 complex C A protein complex that contains the tumor suppressor protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), the small GTPase Cdc42, and CLIP-170; may play a role in cytoskeleton organization and cell migration.
34748 Par3-APC-KIF3A complex C A protein complex that contains Par3, the tumor suppressor protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), and the kinesin-related protein KIF3A; involved in establishing neuronal cell polarity.
34749 Scrib-APC complex C A protein complex that contains the Scribble protein (a cell polarity determinant) and the tumor suppressor protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC); may be involved in the control of cell proliferation.
34750 Scrib-APC-beta-catenin complex C A protein complex that contains the Scribble protein (a cell polarity determinant), the tumor suppressor protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), and beta-catenin; may be involved in the control of cell proliferation.
34751 aryl hydrocarbon receptor complex C A protein complex that acts as an aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor. Cytosolic and nuclear Ah receptor complexes have different subunit composition, but both contain the ligand-binding subunit AhR.
34752 cytosolic aryl hydrocarbon receptor complex C An aryl hydrocarbon receptor complex found in the cytosol, in which the ligand-binding subunit AhR is not bound to ligand; consists of AhR, two molecules of HSP90, the protein kinase c-Src, and the immunophilin XAP2/AIP.
34753 nuclear aryl hydrocarbon receptor complex C An aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) complex found in the nucleus;; consists of ligand-bound AhR and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT).
34754 cellular hormone metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone, as carried out by individual cells.
34755 iron ion transmembrane transport P A process in which an iron ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
34756 regulation of iron ion transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of iron ions (Fe) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
34757 negative regulation of iron ion transport P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of iron ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
34758 positive regulation of iron ion transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of iron ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
34759 regulation of iron ion transmembrane transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of iron ions (Fe) from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
34760 negative regulation of iron ion transmembrane transport P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of iron ions from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
34761 positive regulation of iron ion transmembrane transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of iron ions from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
34762 regulation of transmembrane transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other.
34763 negative regulation of transmembrane transport P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other.
34764 positive regulation of transmembrane transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other.
34765 regulation of ion transmembrane transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
34766 negative regulation of ion transmembrane transport P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
34767 positive regulation of ion transmembrane transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
34768 (E)-beta-ocimene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate = (E)-beta-ocimene + diphosphate.
34769 basement membrane disassembly P The controlled breakdown of the basement membrane in the context of a normal process such as imaginal disc eversion.
34770 histone H4-K20 methylation P The modification of histone H4 by addition of one or more methyl groups to lysine at position 20 of the histone.
34771 histone H4-K20 monomethylation P The modification of histone H4 by addition of one methyl group to lysine at position 20 of the histone.
34772 histone H4-K20 dimethylation P The modification of histone H4 by addition of two methyl groups to lysine at position 20 of the histone.
34773 histone H4-K20 trimethylation P The modification of histone H4 by addition of three methyl groups to lysine at position 20 of the histone.
34774 secretory granule lumen C The volume enclosed by the membrane of a secretory granule.
34775 glutathione transmembrane transport P A process in which glutathione is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
34776 response to histamine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a histamine stimulus. Histamine, the biogenic amine 2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethanamine, is involved in local immune responses as well as regulating physiological function in the gut and acting as a neurotransmitter.
34777 recycling endosome lumen C The volume enclosed by the membranes of a recycling endosome.
34778 2-hydroxy-4-isopropenylcyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-4-isopropenylcyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA = 4-isopropenyl-2-ketocyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
34779 4-isopropenyl-2-ketocyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-isopropenyl-2-ketocyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA + H2O = 3-isopropenylpimelyl-CoA.
34780 glyphosate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glyphosate + OH- = glyoxylate + aminomethylphosphonic acid + H+ + 2 e-.
34781 N-cyclohexylformamide amidohydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-cyclohexylformamide + OH- = cyclohexylamine + formate.
34782 dimethylmalonate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylmalonate + H+ = isobutyrate + CO2.
34783 pivalate-CoA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: pivalate + H+ + HSCoA + ATP = pivalyl-CoA + PPi + AMP.
34784 pivalyl-CoA mutase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: pivalyl-CoA = 3-methylbutyryl-CoA.
34785 salicylate 5-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: salicylate + O2 + NAD(P)H + H+ = gentisate + H2O + NAD(P)+.
34786 9-fluorenone-3,4-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 9-fluorenone + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 1-hydro-1,1a-dihydroxy-9-fluorenone.
34787 1-hydro-1,1a-dihydroxy-9-fluorenone dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydro-1,1a-dihydroxy-9-fluorenone + H2O = 2,3-dihydroxy-2'-carboxybiphenyl + 3 H+ + 2 e-.
34788 2,3-dihydroxy-2'-carboxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxy-2'-carboxybiphenyl + O2 = 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-(2-carboxyphenyl)-hexa-2,4-dienoate + H+.
34789 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-(2-carboxyphenyl)-hexa-2,4-dienoate hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-(2-carboxyphenyl)-hexa-2,4-dienoate + H2O = cis-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate + phthalate + H+.
34790 3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydrofluorene dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-(3S,4R)-cis-3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydrofluorene = 3,4-dihydroxyfluorene + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
34791 isobutylamine N-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: isobutylamine + NADPH + O2 = isobutylhydroxylamine + NADP+ + H2O.
34792 hypophosphite dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: hypophosphite + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = succinate + phosphite + CO2.
34793 cyclopropanecarboxylate-CoA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cyclopropanecarboxylate + CoASH = cyclopropanecarboxyl-CoA + OH-.
34794 cyclopropanecarboxyl-CoA decyclase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cyclopropanecarboxyl-CoA = crotonoyl-CoA.
34795 cyclohexane monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cyclohexane + O2 + NAD(P)H + H+ = cyclohexanol + NAD(P)+ + H2O.
34796 adipate-CoA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: adipate + CoASH = adipyl-CoA + OH-.
34797 fosfomycin 2-glutathione ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: hydrogen (2R,3S)-3-methyloxiran-2-ylphosphonic acid + glutathione = hydrogen (1R,2R)-1-glutathio-2-hydroxypropylphosphonic acid.
34798 fosfomycin 2-L-cysteine ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: hydrogen (2R,3S)-3-methyloxiran-2-ylphosphonic acid + L-cysteine = hydrogen (1R,2R)-1-L-cysteine-2-hydroxypropylphosphonic acid.
34799 dihydride TNP tautomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: TNP dihydride Meisenheimer complex (aci form) = TNP dihydride Meisenheimer complex (nitro form).
34800 trinitrophenol dihydride denitratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: trinitrophenol dihydride Meisenheimer complex (aci form) = 2,4-dinitrophenol hydride Meisenheimer complex + NO2. Trinitrophenol is also known as TNP and dinitrophenol is also known as DNP.
34801 2,4-dinitrocyclohexanone hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dinitrocyclohexanone + OH- = 4,6-dinitrohexanoate.
34802 branched-chain dodecylbenzene sulfonate monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: branched-chain dodecylbenzene sulfonate + 1/2 O2 + H+ = sulfurous acid + branched-chain dodecyl-4-hydroxy-benzene + sulfite.
34803 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate 2,3-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate + O2 = (3E)-3-[(6Z)-6-(carboxymethylene)cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene]-2-oxopropanate.
34804 benzo(a)pyrene 11,12-epoxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: benzo(a)pyrene + O2 = benzo(a)pyrene-11,12-epoxide.
34805 benzo(a)pyrene-trans-11,12-dihydrodiol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: benzo(a)pyrene-trans-11,12-dihydrodiol = 11,12-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
34806 benzo(a)pyrene 11,12-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: benzo(a)pyrene + O2 = benzo(a)pyrene-cis-11,12-dihydrodiol.
34807 4,5-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4,5-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene + C1 unit = hydroxymethoxybenzo(a)pyrene.
34808 benzo(a)pyrene 4,5-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: benzo(a)pyrene + O2 = benzo(a)pyrene-cis-4,5-dihydrodiol.
34809 benzo(a)pyrene-cis-4,5-dihydrodiol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: benzo(a)pyrene-cis-4,5-dihydrodiol = 4,5-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene + H2.
34810 4,5-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4,5-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene + O2 = 4,5-chrysenedicarboxylate.
34811 benzo(a)pyrene 9,10-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: benzo(a)pyrene + O2 = benzo(a)pyrene-cis-9,10-dihydrodiol.
34812 9,10-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 9,10-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene + O2 = cis-4-(8-hydroxypyren-7-yl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate.
34813 benzo(a)pyrene 7,8-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: benzo(a)pyrene + O2 = benzo(a)pyrene-cis-7,8-dihydrodiol.
34814 7,8-dihydroxy benzo(a)pyrene dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: benzo(a)pyrene-cis-7,8-dihydrodiol + O2 = cis-4-(7-hydroxypyren-8-yl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate.
34815 cis-4-(8-hydroxypyren-7-yl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cis-4-(8-hydroxypyren-7-yl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate = 10-oxabenzo(def)chrysen-9-one + formate + H+.
34816 anthracene 9,10-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: anthracene + 2 H2O = cis-9,10-dihydroanthracene-9,10-diol.
34817 cis-9,10-dihydroanthracene-9,10-diol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cis-9,10-dihydroanthracene-9,10-diol = 9,10-anthraquinone + 4 H+ + 4 e-.
34818 ADD 9alpha-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione + reduced ferredoxin + O2 = 3-hydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione + H2O + oxidized ferredoxin.
34819 3-HSA hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione + NADP+ + H2O.
34820 4,9-DSHA hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (3E,1Z)-4,5-9,10-diseco-3-hydroxy-5,9,17-trioxoandrosta-1(10),2-diene-4-oate + H2O = (2E,4E)-2-hydroxyhexa-2,4-dienoate + 9,17-dioxo-1,2,3,4,10,19-hexanorandrostan-5-oate + H+.
34821 citronellol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: citronellol + NAD+ = citronellal + NADH + H+.
34822 citronellal dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: citronellal + NAD+ + OH- = citronellate + NADH + H+.
34823 citronellyl-CoA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: citronellate + CoASH + ATP = citronellyl-CoA + AMP + PPi.
34824 citronellyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: citronellyl-CoA + NAD+ = cis-geranyl-CoA + NADH + H+.
34825 tetralin ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: tetralin + O2 + NADH + H+ = cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2,5,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalene + NAD+.
34826 1,2-dihydroxy-1,2,5,6,7,8-hexyhadronaphthalene dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2,5,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalene + NAD+ = 1,2-dihydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene + NADH + H+.
34827 1,2-dihydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene extradiol dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene + O2 = 4-(2-oxocyclohexyl)-2-hydroxy-buta-2,4-dienoate + H+.
34828 4-(2-oxocyclohexyl)-2-hydroxy-buta-2,4-dienoate hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(2-oxocyclohexyl)-2-hydroxy-buta-2,4-dienoate + H2O = 2-hydroxydec-2,4-diene-1,10-dioate + H+.
34829 2-hydroxydec-2,4-diene-1,10-dioate hydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxydec-2,4-diene-1,10-dioate + H2O = (2Z)-2,4-dihydroxydec-2-enedioate.
34830 (2Z)-2,4-dihydroxydec-2-enedioate aldolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (2Z)-2,4-dihydroxydec-2-enedioate = pyruvate + 7-oxoheptanoate.
34831 (R)-(-)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthol = 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalone + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
34832 geranial dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: geranial + NAD+ + OH- = geranylate + NADH + H+.
34833 geranylate CoA-transferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: geranylate + CoASH = trans-geranyl-CoA + OH-.
34834 2-mercaptobenzothiazole dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-mercaptobenzothiazole + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 2-mercaptobenzothiazole-cis-6,7-dihydrodiol.
34835 2-mercaptobenzothiazole monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-mercaptobenzothiazole + 1/2 O2 = 6-hydroxy-2-mercaptobenzothiazole.
34836 6-hydroxy-2-mercaptobenzothiazole monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxy-2-mercaptobenzothiazole + 1/2 O2 = 6,7-dihydroxy-2-mercaptobenzothiazole.
34837 2-mercaptobenzothiazole-cis-6,7-dihydrodiol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-mercaptobenzothiazole-cis-6,7-dihydrodiol = 6,7-dihydroxy-2-mercaptobenzothiazole + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
34838 menthone dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-(2S,5R)-menthone + NAD+ = (5R)-menth-2-enone + NADH + H+.
34839 menth-2-enone hydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (5R)-menth-2-enone + H2O = (5R)-3-hydroxymenthone.
34840 3-hydroxymenthone dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (5R)-3-hydroxymenthone + NAD+ = mentha-1,3-dione + NADH + H+.
34841 mentha-1,3-dione-CoA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: mentha-1,3-dione + CoASH = 3,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-octyl-CoA.
34842 thiophene-2-carboxylate-CoA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: thiophene-2-carboxylate + ATP + CoASH = thiophene-2-carboxyl-CoA + AMP + PPi.
34843 2-oxoglutaryl-CoA thioesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutaryl-CoA + OH- = 2-oxoglutarate + CoASH.
34844 naphthyl-2-methyl-succinate CoA-transferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: naphthyl-2-methyl-succinate + succinyl-CoA = naphthyl-2-methyl-succinyl-CoA + succinate.
34845 naphthyl-2-methyl-succinyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: naphthyl-2-methyl-succinyl-CoA = naphthyl-2-methylene-succinyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
34846 naphthyl-2-methylene-succinyl-CoA lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: naphthyl-2-methylene-succinyl-CoA + H2O = naphthyl-2-hydroxymethyl-succinyl-CoA.
34847 naphthyl-2-hydroxymethyl-succinyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: naphthyl-2-hydroxymethyl-succinyl-CoA = naphthyl-2-oxomethyl-succinyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
34848 naphthyl-2-oxomethyl-succinyl-CoA succinyl transferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: naphthyl-2-oxomethyl-succinyl-CoA + CoASH = 2-naphthoyl-CoA + succinyl-CoA.
34849 2-naphthoate CoA-transferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-naphthoyl-CoA + OH- = 2-naphthoate + CoASH.
34850 isooctane monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: isooctane + 1/2 O2 = 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentanol.
34851 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-oxopentanoyl-CoA 2-C-propanoyl transferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-oxopentanoyl-CoA + CoASH = pivalyl-CoA + propanoyl-CoA.
34852 4,4-dimethyl-3-oxopentanal dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4,4-dimethyl-3-oxopentanal + H2O = 4,4-dimethyl-3-oxopentanoate + 3 H+ + 2 e-.
34853 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-oxopentanoate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-oxopentanoate + H+ = 2,2-dimethyl-3-pentanone + CO2.
34854 4,4-dimethyl-3-oxopentanoate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4,4-dimethyl-3-oxopentanoate + H+ = 3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone + CO2.
34855 4-AD 9alpha-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: androst-4-ene-3,17-dione + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 9alpha-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione + H2O.
34856 2-hydroxyhexa-2,4-dienoate hydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (2E,4E)-2-hydroxyhexa-2,4-dienoate + H2O = 4-hydroxy-2-oxohexanoate.
34857 2-(methylthio)benzothiazole monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(methylthio)benzothiazole + 1/2 O2 = 2-(methylsulfinyl)benzothiazole.
34858 2-hydroxybenzothiazole monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxybenzothiazole + 1/2 O2 = 2,6-dihydroxybenzothiazole.
34859 benzothiazole monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: benzothiazole + 1/2 O2 = 2-hydroxybenzothiazole.
34860 2-mercaptobenzothiazole desulfurase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-mercaptobenzothiazole + reduced acceptor = benzothiazole + hydrogen sulfide + oxidized acceptor.
34861 benzothiazole-2-sulfonate hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: benzothiazole-2-sulfonate + H2O = 2-hydroxybenzothiazole + HSO3-.
34862 2,6-dihydroxybenzothiazole monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,6-dihydroxybenzothiazole + 1/2 O2 = 2,6,7-trihydroxybenzothiazole.
34863 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentanol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentanol = 2,4,4-trimethylpentanal + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
34864 2,4,4-trimethylpentanal dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethylpentanal + H2O = 2,4,4-trimethylpentanoate + 3 H+ + 2 e-.
34865 2,4,4-trimethylpentanoate-CoA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethylpentanoate + CoASH = 2,4,4-trimethylpentanoyl-CoA + OH-.
34866 2,4,4-trimethylpentanoyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethylpentanoyl-CoA = 2,4,4-trimethylpent-2-enoyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
34867 2,4,4-trimethylpent-2-enoyl-CoA hydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethylpent-2-enoyl-CoA + H2O = 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-hydroxypentanoyl-CoA.
34868 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-hydroxypentanoyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-hydroxypentanoyl-CoA = 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-oxopentanoyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
34869 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-oxopentanoyl-CoA thioesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-oxopentanoyl-CoA + OH- = 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-oxopentanoate + CoASH.
34870 pinacolone 5-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,2-dimethyl-3-pentanone + 1/2 O2 = 1-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylpentan-3-one.
34871 1-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylpentan-3-one dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylpentan-3-one = 4,4-dimethyl-3-oxopentanal + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
34872 trans-geranyl-CoA isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: trans-geranyl-CoA = cis-geranyl-CoA.
34873 thioacetamide S-oxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: thioacetamide + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = thioacetamide S-oxide + H2O.
34874 thioacetamide S-oxide S-oxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: thioacetamide S-oxide + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = thioacetamide S,S-dioxide + H2O.
34875 caffeine oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: caffeine + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 1,3,7-trimethyluric acid + H2O.
34876 isonicotinic acid hydrazide hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: isoniazid + H2O = isonicotinate + hydrazine.
34877 isonicotinate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: isonicotinate + acceptor + H2O = 2-hydroxyisonicotinate + reduced acceptor.
34878 2-hydroxyisonicotinate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxyisonicotinate + acceptor + H2O = citrazinate + reduced acceptor.
34879 2,3,6-trihydroxyisonicotinate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3,6-trihydroxyisonicotinate = 2,3,6-trihydroxypyridine + CO2.
34880 citrazinate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: citrazinate + H2O = 2,3,6-trihydroxyisonicotinate + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
34881 citrazinate hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: citrazinate + H2O = cis-aconitamide.
34882 cis-aconitamide amidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cis-aconitamide + H2O = cis-aconitate + HN3.
34885 gamma-N-formylaminovinylacetate hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: gamma-N-formylaminovinylacetate + H2O = gamma-aminovinylacetate + HCOOH.
34886 gamma-aminovinylacetate deaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: gamma-aminovinylacetate + H2O = succinic semialdehyde + NH3.
34888 endosulfan monooxygenase I activity F Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = endosulfan sulfate + H2O.
34889 endosulfan hemisulfate sulfatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan hemisulfate + H2O = endosulfan monoalcohol + 2 H+ + sulfate.
34890 endosulfan diol hydrolyase (cyclizing) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan diol = endosulfan ether + H2O.
34891 endosulfan diol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan diol = endosulfan hydroxyether + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
34892 endosulfan lactone lactonase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan lactone + H2O = endosulfan hydroxycarboxylate + H+.
34893 N-nitrodimethylamine hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-nitrodimethylamine + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = N-nitromethylamine + formaldehyde + H2O.
34894 4-hydroxypyridine-3-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxypyridine + O2 + H+ + NADPH = pyridine-3,4-diol + H2O + NADP+.
34895 pyridine-3,4-diol dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: pryidine-3,4-diol + O2 = 3-(N-formyl)-formiminopyruvate.
34896 3-formiminopyruvate hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-formiminopyruvate + H2O = 3-formylpyruvate + HN3.
34897 4-(1-ethyl-1,4-dimethyl-pentyl)phenol monoxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(1-ethyl-1,4-dimethyl-pentyl)phenol + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = hydroquinone + 3,6-dimethylheptan-3-ol.
34898 hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = trimethylamine + hexadecanal + NAD(P)+ + H2O.
34899 trimethylamine monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N,N,N-trimethylamine + NADPH + H+ + O2 = N,N,N-trimethylamine N-oxide + NADP+ + H2O.
34900 3-(N-formyl)-formiminopyruvate hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(N-formyl)-formiminopyruvate + H2O = 3-formiminopyruvate + formate.
34901 endosulfan hydroxyether dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan hydroxyether = endosulfan lactone + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
34902 endosulfan sulfate hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan sulfate + H2O = endosulfan diol + sulfite.
34903 endosulfan ether monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan ether + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = endosulfan hydroxyether + H2O.
34904 5-chloro-2-oxopent-4-enoate hydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-chloro-2-oxopent-4-enoate + H2O = 5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanate.
34905 5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanate aldolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanate = pyruvate + chloroacetaldehyde.
34906 N-isopropylaniline 1,2-dixoxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-isopropylaniline + O2 + 2 H+ + NADH = catechol + NAD+ + isopropylamine.
34907 acetanilide 1,2-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetanilide + O2 + 2 H+ + NADH = catechol + NAD+ + acetamide.
34908 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide 1,2-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide + O2 + 2 H+ + NADH = 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetamide + catechol + NAD+.
34909 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine + H2O + OH- = 6-hydroxy-3-succinoylpyridine + 4 H+ + 4 e- + methylamine.
34910 6-hydroxy-3-succinoylpyridine hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxy-3-succinoylpyridine + H2O = succinic semialdehyde + 2,5-dihydroxypyridine.
34911 phthalate 3,4-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phthalate + O2 + NADH + H+ = phthalate 3,4-cis-dihydrodiol + NAD+.
34912 phthalate 3,4-cis-dihydrodiol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phthalate 3,4-cis-dihydrodiol + NAD+ = 3,4-dihydroxyphthalate + NADH + H+.
34914 trinitrophenol hydride denitratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: trinitrophenol hydride Meisenheimer complex = 2,4-dinitrophenol + nitrite. Trinitrophenol is also known as TNP.
34915 2-methylhexanoyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methyl-3-oxooctanoyl-CoA + CoA = acetyl-CoA + 2-methylhexanoyl-CoA.
34916 2-methylhexanoyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylhexanoyl-CoA = 2-methylhex-2-enoyl-CoA + 2 H+ + e-.
34917 2-methylhex-2-enoyl-CoA hydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylhex-2-enoyl-CoA + H2O = 3-hydroxy-2-methylhexanoyl-CoA.
34918 3-hydroxy-2-methylhexanoyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-2-methylhexanoyl-CoA = 2-methyl-3-oxohexanoyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
34919 butyryl-CoA 2-C-propionyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methyl-3-oxohexanoyl-CoA + CoA = propanoyl-CoA + butyryl-CoA.
34920 pyrene dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: pyrene + 2 H+ + 2 e- + O2 = cis-4,5-dihydroxy-4,5-dihydropyrene.
34921 cis-4,5-dihydroxy-4,5-dihydropyrene dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cis-4,5-dihydroxy-4,5-dihydropyrene = 4,5-dihydroxypyrene + 2 H+ + 2 e-.
34922 4,5-dihydroxypyrene dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4,5-dihydroxypyrene + O2 = phenanthrene-4,5-dicarboxylate + 2 H+.
34923 phenanthrene-4,5-dicarboxylate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrene-4,5-dicarboxylate + H+ = phenanthrene-4-carboxylate + CO2.
34924 cis-3,4-phenanthrenedihydrodiol-4-carboxylate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cis-3,4-phenanthrenedihydrodiol-4-carboxylate = 3,4-dihydroxyphenanthrene + H+ + 2 e- + CO2.
34925 pyrene 4,5-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: pyrene + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = pyrene-4,5-oxide + H2O.
34926 pyrene-4,5-epoxide hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: pyrene-4,5-oxide + H2O = trans-4,5-dihydroxy-4,5-dihydropyrene.
34927 pyrene 1,2-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: pyrene + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = pyrene-1,2-oxide + H2O.
34928 1-hydroxypyrene 6,7-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydroxypyrene + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 1-hydroxypyrene-6,7-oxide + H2O.
34929 1-hydroxypyrene 7,8-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydroxypyrene + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 1-hydroxypyrene-7,8-oxide + H2O.
34930 1-hydroxypyrene sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydroxypyrene + XSO3- = 1-pyrenylsulfate + HX.
34931 1-hydroxypyrene methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydroxypyrene + XCH3 = 1-methoxypyrene + HX.
34932 1-methoxypyrene 6,7-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-methoxypyrene + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 1-methoxypyrene-6,7-oxide + H2O.
34933 1-hydroxy-6-methoxypyrene methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydroxy-6-methoxypyrene + XCH3 = 1,6-dimethoxypyrene + HX.
34934 phenanthrene-4-carboxylate dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrene-4-carboxylate + 2 H+ + 2 e- + O2 = cis-3,4-phenanthrenedihydrodiol-4-carboxylate.
34935 tetrachlorobenzene dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dichlorotoluene + NADH + H+ + O2 = 4,6-dichloro-3-methyl-cis-1,2-dihydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene + NAD+.
34936 4,6-dichloro-3-methylcatechol 1,2-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4,6-dichloro-3-methylcatechol + O2 = 3,5-dichloro-3-methyl-cis,cis-muconate + 2 H+.
34937 perchlorate reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: perchlorate + 2 H+ + 2 e- = chlorate + H2O.
34938 pyrrole-2-carboxylate monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: pryrole-2-carboxylate + NADH + O2 + H+ = 5-hydroxypyrrole-2-carboxylate + NAD+ + H2O.
34939 5-hydroxypyrrole-2-carboxylate tautomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxypyrrole-2-carboxylate = 5-oxo-4,5-dihydropyrrole-2-carboxylate.
34940 5-oxo-4,5-dihydropyrrole-2-carboxylate amidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-oxo-4,5-dihydropyrrole-2-carboxylate + 2 H2O = 2-oxoglutarate + NH3.
34941 pyrrole-2-carboxylate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: pryrole-2-carboxylate + H+ = pyrrole + CO2.
34942 cis-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoate-CoA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cis-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoic acid + ATP + CoASH = cis-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoyl-CoA + AMP + PPi.
34943 trans-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoate-CoA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: trans-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoic acid + ATP + CoASH = trans-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoyl-CoA + AMP + PPi.
34944 3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-5-methylene-heptanoyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-5-methylene-heptanoyl-CoA + NAD+ = 2,6-dimethyl-5-methylene-3-oxo-heptanoyl-CoA + NADH+ + H+.
34945 2,6-dimethyl-5-methylene-3-oxo-heptanoyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,6-dimethyl-5-methylene-3-oxo-heptanoyl-CoA + CoASH = 3-isopropylbut-3-enoyl-CoA + propanoyl-CoA.
34946 3-isopropylbut-3-enoyl-CoA thioesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-isopropylbut-3-enoyl-CoA + H2O = 3-isopropylbut-3-enoic acid + CoASH.
34947 terephthalate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: terephthalate + H2O = benzoate + HCO3-.
34948 2,6-dihydroxypseudooxynicotine hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,6-dihydroxypseudooxynicotine + H2O = 2,6-dihydroxypyridine + 4-methylaminobutyrate.
34949 1,1-dichloroethane reductive dehalogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,1-dichloroethane + 2 H+ + 2 e- = chloroethane + HCl.
34950 phenylboronic acid monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phenylboronic acid + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = phenol + B(OH)3.
34951 o-hydroxylaminobenzoate mutase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: o-hydroxylaminobenzoate = 3-hydroxyanthranilate.
34952 malonate semialdehyde decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: malonate semialdehyde + H+ = acetaldehyde + CO2.
34953 perillyl-CoA hydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: perillyl-CoA + H2O = 2-hydroxy-4-isopropenylcyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA.
34954 diphenyl ether 2,3-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: diphenyl ether + O2 = 2,3-dihydroxydiphenyl ether.
34955 2,3-dihydroxydiphenyl ether dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxydiphenyl ether + O2 + H2O = 2-hydroxymuconate + phenol.
34956 diphenyl ether 1,2-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: diphenyl ether + NADH + O2 + H+ = phenol + catechol + NAD+.
34957 3-nitrophenol nitroreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-nitrophenol + 2 NADH + 2 H+ = 3-hydroxyaminophenol + 2 NAD+ + H2O.
34958 aminohydroquinone monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: aminohydroquinone + 2 e- + 2 H+ + 1/2 O2 = 1,2,4-benzenetriol + NH3.
34959 endothelin maturation P The process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of endothelin by conversion of Big-endothelin substrate into mature endothelin.
34963 box C/D snoRNA processing P Any process involved in the conversion of a primary box C/D type small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) transcript into a mature box C/D snoRNA.
34964 box H/ACA snoRNA processing P Any process involved in the conversion of a primary box H/ACA type small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) transcript into a mature box H/ACA snoRNA.
34965 intronic box C/D snoRNA processing P Any process involved in the conversion of a primary box C/D type small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) transcript that resides within, and is processed from, the intron of a pre-mRNA into a mature box C/D snoRNA.
34966 intronic box H/ACA snoRNA processing P Any process involved in the conversion of a primary box H/ACA type small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) transcript that resides within, and is processed from, the intron of a pre-mRNA into a mature box H/ACA snoRNA.
34967 Set3 complex C A histone deacetylase complex that is involved in transcriptional regulation. In S. cerevisiae, this complex consists of Set3p, Snt1p, Hos4p, Sif2p, Cpr1p, Hos2p, and Hst1p.
34968 histone lysine methylation P The modification of a histone by addition of one or more methyl groups to a lysine residue.
34969 histone arginine methylation P The modification of a histone by addition of a methyl group to an arginine residue.
34970 histone H3-R2 methylation P The modification of histone H3 by addition of a methyl group to arginine at position 2 of the histone.
34971 histone H3-R17 methylation P The modification of histone H3 by addition of a methyl group to arginine at position 17 of the histone.
34972 histone H3-R26 methylation P The modification of histone H3 by addition of a methyl group to arginine at position 26 of the histone.
34973 Sid2-Mob1 complex C A protein complex that contains a protein kinase (Sid2 in S. pombe) and its regulatory subunit (Mob1). The Sid2p-Mob1p kinase complex is a component of the septation initiation network in fission yeast (called the mitotic exit network in S. cerevisiae) and is required for cytokinesis. The analogous complex in S. cerevisiae is called Dbf2p-Mob1p complex.
34974 Swi5-Swi2 complex C A protein complex involved that contains proteins known in Schizosaccharomyces as Swi5 monomers and Swi2, and is involved in mating type switching.
34975 protein folding in endoplasmic reticulum P A protein folding process that takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Secreted, plasma membrane and organelle proteins are folded in the ER, assisted by chaperones and foldases (protein disulphide isomerases), and additional factors required for optimal folding (ATP, Ca2+ and an oxidizing environment to allow disulfide bond formation).
34976 response to endoplasmic reticulum stress P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stress acting at the endoplasmic reticulum. ER stress usually results from the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen.
34977 ABIN2-NFKB1-MAP3K8 complex C A protein complex that contains the precursor form of NF-kappaB (p105), the NF-kappaB inhibitor ABIN-2, and the kinase TPL-2 (MAP3K8); the complex stabilizes TPL-2 and is involved in signaling in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages.
34978 PDX1-PBX1b-MRG1 complex C A protein complex that contains the homeodomain proteins PDX1, PBX1b and MRG1 (MEIS2) and is involved in the transcriptional regulation of pancreatic acinar cell-specific genes.
34979 NAD-dependent protein deacetylase activity F Catalysis of the removal of one or more acetyl groups from a protein, requiring NAD.
34980 FHL2-CREB complex C A protein complex that contains CREB and FHL2, and is involved in transcriptional regulation.
34981 FHL3-CREB complex C A protein complex that contains CREB and FHL3, and is involved in transcriptional regulation.
34982 mitochondrial protein processing P The peptide cleavage of mitochondrial proteins, including cleavage contributing to their import.
34983 peptidyl-lysine deacetylation P The removal of an acetyl group from an acetylated lysine residue in a peptide or protein.
34985 Ecsit-NDUFAF1 complex C Any large protein complex that contains Ecsit and NDUFAF1, is located in the mitochondrion, and is involved in the assembly of complex I of the oxidative phosphorylation system. In mammalian cells, three complexes of approximately 500, 600, and 850 kDa containing the 45 kDa isoform of Ecsit and NDUFAF1 have been observed.
34986 iron chaperone activity F Assists in the delivery of iron ions to target proteins or compartments.
34987 immunoglobulin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on an immunoglobulin receptor molecule.
34988 Fc-gamma receptor I complex binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on the Fc-gamma receptor I complex. The complex functions primarily as an activating receptor for IgG.
34990 nuclear mitotic cohesin complex C A cohesin complex that mediates sister chromatid cohesion in the nucleus during mitosis; has a subunit composition distinct from that of the meiotic cohesin complex.
34991 nuclear meiotic cohesin complex C A cohesin complex that mediates sister chromatid cohesion in the nucleus during meiosis; has a subunit composition distinct from that of the mitotic cohesin complex.
34992 microtubule organizing center attachment site C A region of the nuclear envelope to which a microtubule organizing center (MTOC) attaches; protein complexes embedded in the nuclear envelope mediate direct or indirect linkages between the microtubule cytoskeleton and the nuclear envelope.
34993 LINC complex C A protein complex that spans the nuclear outer and inner membranes, thereby linking the major cytoplasmic cytoskeleton elements to the nuclear lumen; the complex is conserved in eukaryotes and contains proteins with SUN and KASH domains.
34994 microtubule organizing center attachment site organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a microtubule organizing center attachment site. A microtubule organizing center attachment site is a region of the nuclear envelope to which a microtubule organizing center (MTOC) attaches.
34995 SC5b-7 complex C A protein complex that consist of complement components C5b6 and C7 stably inserted in a cell membrane. Formation of the SC5b-7 complex is the first phase of membrane attack complex assembly.
34996 RasGAP-Fyn-Lyn-Yes complex C A protein complex that consists of a GTPase activator protein (GAP) for Ras and three Src family protein tyrosine kinases, Fyn, Lyn and Yes. The complex is involved in signaling upon platelet activation.
34997 alphav-beta5 integrin-vitronectin complex C A protein complex that comprises one integrin alphav subunit, one integrin beta5 subunit, and vitronectin.
34998 oligosaccharyltransferase I complex C An oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) complex that contains at least seven polypeptides and is the major OST complex in mammalian cells. Of the three forms of mammalian OST complex identified, the OSTI complex has the weakest affinity for ribosomes.
34999 oligosaccharyltransferase II complex C An oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) complex that contains the seven polypeptides found in OST complex I, plus heterotrimeric Sec61alpha-beta-gamma. Of the three forms of mammalian OST complexes identified, the OSTII complex has intermediate affinity for ribosomes.
35000 oligosaccharyltransferase III complex C An oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) complex that contains the seven polypeptides found in OST complex I, plus heterotrimeric Sec61alpha-beta-gamma and the tetrameric TRAP complex. Of the three forms of mammalian OST complexes identified, the OSTIII complex has the strongest affinity for ribosomes.
35001 dorsal trunk growth, open tracheal system P Growth of epithelial tubes that originate from pits in an open tracheal system and grow towards each other to meet and form a continuous open tube called the dorsal trunk. The dorsal trunk extends from the anterior spiracle to the posterior spiracle of the larva and forms the main airway of the insect tracheal system.
35002 liquid clearance, open tracheal system P The clearance of liquid from the epithelial tubes of an open tracheal system, shortly before the emergence of the larva, to generate an air-filled tubule system.
35003 subapical complex C The most apical region of the lateral plasma membrane of an invertebrate epithelial cell. The subapical complex lies above the zonula adherens and the septate junction, and is comparable to the position of the tight junction of vertebrate cells.
35004 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a phosphatidylinositol = ADP + a phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to phosphatidylinositol or one of its phosphorylated derivatives at the 3' position of the inositol ring.
35005 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate + ATP = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).
35006 melanization defense response P The blackening of the wounded area of the cuticle or the surface of invading pathogens, parasites or parasitoids, resulting from a proteolytic cascade leading to the de novo synthesis and deposition of melanin.
35007 regulation of melanization defense response P Any process that affects the rate, extent or location of the melanization defense response during injury or invasion.
35008 positive regulation of melanization defense response P Any process that increases the rate or extent of the melanization defense response during injury or invasion.
35009 negative regulation of melanization defense response P Any process that reduces the rate or extent of the melanization defense response. This regulation is critical to limit melanization to the site of injury or infection.
35010 encapsulation of foreign target P Events resulting in the formation of a multilayered cellular sheath surrounding an invader and thus preventing its development. This defense mechanism is often seen in insects in response to nematodes or parasitoids, which are too large to be phagocytosed by individual hemocytes. In some organisms the capsule is blackened due to melanization.
35011 melanotic encapsulation of foreign target P Formation of a multilayered, melanized sheath of cells around a foreign invader.
35012 polytene chromosome, telomeric region C The terminal region of a polytene chromosome.
35013 myosuppressin receptor activity F Combining with the peptide myosuppressin to initiate a change in cell activity.
35014 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulator activity F Modulates the activity of any of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks). Regulatory subunits can link a PI3K catalytic subunit to upstream signaling events and help position the catalytic subunits close to their lipid substrates.
35015 elongation of arista core P The increase in length of the aristal core. The arista is the terminal segment of the antenna and consists of a central core and a series of lateral extensions.
35016 elongation of arista lateral P The increase in length of the aristal laterals. The arista is the terminal segment of the antenna and consists of a central core and a series of lateral extensions.
35017 cuticle pattern formation P The regionalization process that gives rise to the patterns of cell differentiation in the cuticle.
35018 adult chitin-based cuticle pattern formation P The process that gives rise to the patterns of cell differentiation that will arise in the chitin-based adult cuticle. An example of this process is adult chitin-based cuticle pattern formation in Drosophila melanogaster.
35019 somatic stem cell population maintenance P Any process by which an organism retains a population of somatic stem cells, undifferentiated cells in the embryo or adult which can undergo unlimited division and give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line.
35020 regulation of Rac protein signal transduction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rac protein signal transduction.
35021 negative regulation of Rac protein signal transduction P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Rac protein signal transduction.
35022 positive regulation of Rac protein signal transduction P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Rac protein signal transduction.
35023 regulation of Rho protein signal transduction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rho protein signal transduction.
35024 negative regulation of Rho protein signal transduction P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Rho protein signal transduction.
35025 positive regulation of Rho protein signal transduction P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Rho protein signal transduction.
35026 leading edge cell differentiation P The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of leading edge cells, cells at the front of a migrating epithelial sheet.
35027 leading edge cell fate commitment P The commitment of cells to leading edge cell fate and their capacity to differentiate into leading edge cells. Leading edge cells are found at the front of a migrating epithelial sheet.
35028 leading edge cell fate determination P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a leading edge cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
35029 dorsal closure, leading edge cell fate commitment P The commitment of cells to leading edge cell fate during dorsal closure. Leading edge cells are the dorsal-most cells of the migrating epidermis.
35032 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class III C A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex that contains a catalytic class III phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) subunit bound to a regulatory (adaptor) subunit. Additional adaptor proteins may be present. Class III PI3Ks have a substrate specificity restricted to phosphatidylinositol (PI).
35033 histone deacetylase regulator activity F Modulates the activity of histone deacetylase.
35034 histone acetyltransferase regulator activity F Modulates the activity of histone acetyltransferase.
35035 histone acetyltransferase binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the enzyme histone acetyltransferase.
35036 sperm-egg recognition P The initial contact step made between the sperm plasma membrane and outer layer of the egg during fertilization.
35037 sperm entry P An endocytosis process that results in penetration of the egg shell through the micropyle (a specialized anterior opening in the vitelline envelope) and entry of the entire sperm, including the surrounding plasma membrane and the sperm tail, into the egg cytoplasm. This step in fertilization is seen in Drosophila, where a plasma membrane fusion event between the sperm and the egg does not occur.
35038 female pronucleus assembly P Assembly of the haploid nucleus of the unfertilized egg.
35039 male pronucleus assembly P The conversion at fertilization of the inactive sperm nucleus into a male pronucleus with its chromosomes processed for the first zygotic division.
35040 sperm nuclear envelope removal P Removal of the sperm nuclear envelope, allowing entry of maternal factors into the sperm nucleus.
35041 sperm chromatin decondensation P Unwinding of the condensed nuclear chromatin of an inactive sperm nucleus.
35042 fertilization, exchange of chromosomal proteins P Replacement of sperm-specific chromosomal proteins with somatic histones, to allow the paternal genome to acquire a nucleosomal chromatin organization compatible with nuclear activity.
35043 male pronuclear envelope synthesis P Assembly of a nuclear envelope containing nuclear pores and a lamina around the male pronucleus, the final step in sperm pronuclear formation.
35044 sperm aster formation P Formation and organization of an aster composed of microtubule arrays originating from the sperm basal body and extending virtually to the egg periphery. The sperm aster ensures the appropriate positioning of the male and female pronuclei.
35045 sperm plasma membrane disassembly P The gradual disintegration of the sperm plasma membrane following insemination. This process is seen in Drosophila after entry of the entire sperm, surrounded by its plasma membrane, into the egg.
35046 pronuclear migration P The directed movement of the male and female pronuclei towards each other prior to their fusion.
35047 centrosomal and pronuclear rotation P The rotation of centrosomes and associated pronuclei in one-cell embryos such as those of Caenorhabditis elegans, occurring as a transition between pronuclear migration and pronuclear fusion.
35048 splicing factor protein import into nucleus P The directed movement of a pre-mRNA splicing factor from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane.
35049 juvenile hormone acid methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to juvenile hormone acid.
35050 embryonic heart tube development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryonic heart tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart tube forms as the heart rudiment from the heart field.
35051 cardiocyte differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cell that will form part of the cardiac organ of an individual.
35052 dorsal vessel aortic cell fate commitment P The commitment of dorsal vessel cardioblast cells to an aortic cell fate and their capacity to differentiate into aortic cells. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
35053 dorsal vessel heart proper cell fate commitment P The commitment of dorsal vessel cardioblast cells to a heart proper cell fate and their capacity to differentiate into heart cells. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
35054 embryonic heart tube anterior/posterior pattern specification P The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of cell differentiation that results in the anterior/posterior subdivision of the embryonic heart tube. In Drosophila this results in subdivision of the dorsal vessel into to the posterior heart proper and the anterior aorta.
35059 RCAF complex C A protein complex that facilitates the assembly of nucleosomes on to newly synthesized DNA. In Drosophila, the complex comprises ASF1 and histones H3 and H4.
35060 brahma complex C A SWI/SNF-type complex that contains the ATPase product of the Drosophila brahma gene, or an ortholog thereof.
35061 interchromatin granule C A class of nuclear body measuring 20-25 nm in diameter and distributed throughout the interchromatin space, linked together by thin fibrils. They are believed to be storage centers for various snRNAs, snRNPs, serine/arginine-rich proteins and RNA polymerase II. A typical mammalian cell contains 25-50 clusters of interchromatin granules. Interchromatin granule clusters do not contain the heterogeneous nuclear RNA-binding proteins (hnRNPs).
35062 omega speckle C A nucleoplasmic speckle distributed in the interchromatin space of cells in close proximity to chromatin. Omega speckles are distinct from interchromatin granules and contain heterogeneous nuclear RNA-binding proteins (hnRNPs).
35063 nuclear speck organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of nuclear specks, a class of nuclear body in which splicing factors are localized.
35064 methylated histone binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a histone protein in which a residue has been modified by methylation. Histones are any of a group of water-soluble proteins found in association with the DNA of plant and animal chromosomes.
35065 regulation of histone acetylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of an acetyl group to a histone protein.
35066 positive regulation of histone acetylation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of an acetyl group to a histone protein.
35067 negative regulation of histone acetylation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of an acetyl group to a histone protein.
35068 micro-ribonucleoprotein complex C A complex containing both protein and micro-RNA (miRNA) molecules. miRNAs are approximately 22 nucleotide noncoding RNAs derived from endogenous genes; they are processed from the stem of a longer hairpin like structure termed a pre-miRNA.
35069 larval midgut histolysis P The stage-specific break down of the larval midgut during Drosophila metamorphosis, to allow replacement of larval structures by tissues and structures that form the adult fly.
35070 salivary gland histolysis P The stage-specific break down of the larval salivary glands during Drosophila metamorphosis, to allow replacement of larval structures by tissues and structures that form the adult fly.
35071 salivary gland cell autophagic cell death P The stage-specific programmed cell death of salivary gland cells during salivary gland histolysis.
35072 ecdysone-mediated induction of salivary gland cell autophagic cell death P Any process induced by ecdysone that directly activates salivary gland programmed cell death during salivary gland histolysis.
35073 pupariation P The onset of prepupal development when the larval stops crawling, everts its spiracles and the larval cuticle becomes the puparium or pupal case that surrounds the organism for the duration of metamorphosis.
35074 pupation P The act of becoming a pupa, a resting stage in the life cycle of organisms with complete metamorphosis. This event marks the end of the prepupal period and the beginning of the pupal period.
35075 response to ecdysone P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ecdysone stimulus.
35076 ecdysone receptor-mediated signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated by ecdysone binding to the ecdysone receptor complex.
35077 ecdysone-mediated polytene chromosome puffing P The decondensing (loosening) and swelling of the chromosomal sites of hormone-responsive genes on polytene chromosomes in response to increased production of the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (ecdysone) in Drosophila larvae approaching pupation.
35078 induction of programmed cell death by ecdysone P Any process induced by the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (ecdysone) that directly activates any of the steps required for programmed cell death.
35079 polytene chromosome puffing P The decondensing (loosening) and swelling of the chromosomal sites of target genes on polytene chromosomes following response to a stimulus, to facilitate sudden bursts of transcriptional activity in response to transient environmental signals.
35080 heat shock-mediated polytene chromosome puffing P The decondensing (loosening) and swelling of the chromosomal sites of heat shock genes on polytene chromosomes in response to a heat shock stimulus.
35081 induction of programmed cell death by hormones P Any process induced by hormones that directly activates any of the steps required for programmed cell death.
35082 axoneme assembly P The assembly and organization of an axoneme, the bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of cilia (also called flagella) in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements.
35087 siRNA loading onto RISC involved in RNA interference P The transfer of small interfering RNA molecules (siRNAs) from the Dicer family of enzymes that cleave the double-stranded RNA, onto the nuclease-containing RNA-initiated silencing complex (RISC), in the context of RNA interference.
35088 establishment or maintenance of apical/basal cell polarity P Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance polarization of a cell's architecture along its apical/basal axis so that the apical and basal regions of the cell have different membrane, extracellular matrix and sub-membrane cellular components.
35089 establishment of apical/basal cell polarity P The specification and formation of the polarity of a cell along its apical/basal axis.
35090 maintenance of apical/basal cell polarity P Retaining the established polarization of a cell along its apical/basal axis.
35091 phosphatidylinositol binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any inositol-containing glycerophospholipid, i.e. phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) and its phosphorylated derivatives.
35092 sperm chromatin condensation P The progressive compaction of the spermatid chromatin so that it reaches a level of condensation that is not compatible with nuclear activities such as transcription or DNA replication.
35093 spermatogenesis, exchange of chromosomal proteins P The replacement of somatic histones within sperm chromatin with sperm-specific histones or protamines with unique DNA-binding properties, resulting in condensation of the sperm chromatin.
35094 response to nicotine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nicotine stimulus.
35095 behavioral response to nicotine P Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a nicotine stimulus.
35096 larval midgut cell programmed cell death P The stage-specific programmed cell death of cells of the larval midgut, during histolysis of the larval organ.
35097 histone methyltransferase complex C A multimeric complex that is able to catalyze the addition of methyl groups to histone proteins.
35098 ESC/E(Z) complex C A multimeric protein complex that can methylate lysine-27 and lysine-9 residues of histone H3. In Drosophila the core subunits of the complex include ESC, E(Z), CAF1 (NURF-55) and SU(Z)12. In mammals the core subunits of the complex include EED, EZH2, SUZ12 and RBBP4.
35099 hemocyte migration P The directed movement of a hemocyte within the embryo. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen. In Drosophila, embryonic hemocytes originate from the head mesoderm as a cluster of cells. The cluster splits into two and one group of cells crosses the amnioserosa. Both populations then spread toward the middle of the embryo and then disperse evenly throughout the embryo.
35100 ecdysone binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with 20-hydroxyecdysone (ecdysone). Ecdysone is an ecdysteroid produced by the prothoracic glands of immature insects and the ovaries of adult females, which stimulates growth and molting.
35101 FACT complex C An abundant nuclear complex, which was originally identified in mammalian systems as a factor required for transcription elongation on chromatin templates. The FACT complex has been shown to destablilize the interaction between the H2A/H2B dimer and the H3/H4 tetramer of the nucleosome, thus reorganizing the structure of the nucleosome. In this way, the FACT complex may play a role in DNA replication and other processes that traverse the chromatin, as well as in transcription elongation. FACT is composed of two proteins that are evolutionarily conserved in all eukaryotes and homologous to mammalian Spt16 and SSRP1. In metazoans, the SSRP1 homolog contains an HMG domain; however in fungi and protists, it does not. For example, in S. cerevisiae the Pob3 protein is homologous to SSRP1, but lacks the HMG chromatin binding domain. Instead, the yFACT complex of Spt16p and Pob3p, binds to nucleosomes where multiple copies of the HMG-domain containing protein Nhp6p have already bound, but Nhp6p does not form a stable complex with the Spt16p/Pob3p heterodimer.
35102 PRC1 complex C A multiprotein complex that mediates monoubiquitination of lysine residues of histone H2A (lysine-118 in Drosophila or lysine-119 in mammals). The complex is required for stable long-term maintenance of transcriptionally repressed states and is involved in chromatin remodeling.
35103 sterol regulatory element binding protein cleavage P The proteolytic release of a transcriptionally active sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) from intracellular membranes, freeing it to move to the nucleus to upregulate transcription of target genes, in response to altered levels of one or more lipids.
35105 sterol regulatory element binding protein import into nucleus P The transfer of a sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane, in response to altered levels of one or more lipids. SREBPs are transcription factors that bind sterol regulatory elements (SREs), DNA motifs found in the promoters of target genes.
35106 operant conditioning P Learning to anticipate future events on the basis of past experience with the consequences of one's own behavior.
35107 appendage morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of appendages are generated and organized. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism, such as a limb or a branch.
35108 limb morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of a limb are generated and organized. A limb is a paired appendage of a tetrapod used for locomotion or grasping.
35112 genitalia morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of genitalia are generated and organized. The genitalia are the organs of reproduction or generation, external and internal.
35113 embryonic appendage morphogenesis P The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the appendage are generated and organized. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism, such as a limb or a branch.
35114 imaginal disc-derived appendage morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of appendages are generated and organized. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism.
35115 embryonic forelimb morphogenesis P The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the forelimb are generated and organized. The forelimbs are the front limbs of an animal, e.g. the arms of a human.
35116 embryonic hindlimb morphogenesis P The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the hindlimbs are generated and organized. The hindlimbs are the posterior limbs of an animal.
35118 embryonic pectoral fin morphogenesis P The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the pectoral fin are generated and organized. Pectoral fins are bilaterally paired fins mounted laterally and located behind the gill covers of fish. These fins are used for lateral mobility and propulsion.
35119 embryonic pelvic fin morphogenesis P The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the pelvic fin are generated and organized. The pelvic fins are bilaterally paired fins mounted in a ventral-lateral position on most fish. These fins are used primarily for lateral mobility and propulsion.
35120 post-embryonic appendage morphogenesis P The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of an appendage are generated and organized. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism, such as a limb or a branch.
35122 embryonic medial fin morphogenesis P The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the medial fin are generated and organized. Medial fins are unpaired fins of fish, usually located dorsomedially or ventromedially and primarily used for stability while swimming.
35123 embryonic dorsal fin morphogenesis P The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the dorsal fin are generated and organized. A dorsal fin is an unpaired medial fin on the dorsal aspect of a fish that provides lateral stability while swimming. Generally fish have one or two dorsal fins.
35124 embryonic caudal fin morphogenesis P The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the caudal fin are generated and organized. The caudal fin is an unpaired medial fin mounted at the caudal end of the fish and is the main fin used for propulsion.
35125 embryonic anal fin morphogenesis P The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the embryonic anal fin are generated and organized. An anal fin is an unpaired medial fin on the ventral aspect near the caudal end of a fish, which provides lateral stability while swimming.
35126 post-embryonic genitalia morphogenesis P The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the genitalia are generated and organized.
35127 post-embryonic limb morphogenesis P The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the limb are generated and organized. A limb is an appendage of an animal used for locomotion or grasping.
35128 post-embryonic forelimb morphogenesis P The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the forelimb are generated and organized. The forelimbs are the front limbs of an organism.
35129 post-embryonic hindlimb morphogenesis P The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the hindlimb are generated and organized.
35130 post-embryonic pectoral fin morphogenesis P The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the pectoral fin are generated and organized. Pectoral fins are bilaterally paired fins mounted laterally and located behind the gill covers of fish. These fins are used for lateral mobility and propulsion.
35131 post-embryonic pelvic fin morphogenesis P The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the pelvic fin are generated and organized. The pelvic fins are bilaterally paired fins mounted in a ventral-lateral position on most fish. These fins are used primarily for lateral mobility and propulsion.
35132 post-embryonic medial fin morphogenesis P The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the medial fin are generated and organized. Medial fins are unpaired fins of fish, usually located dorsomedially or ventromedially and primarily used for stability while swimming.
35133 post-embryonic caudal fin morphogenesis P The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the caudal fin are generated and organized. The caudal fin is an unpaired medial fin mounted at the caudal end of the fish and is the main fin used for propulsion.
35134 post-embryonic dorsal fin morphogenesis P The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the dorsal fin are generated and organized. A dorsal fin is an unpaired medial fin on the dorsal aspect of a fish that provides lateral stability while swimming. Generally fish have one or two dorsal fins.
35135 post-embryonic anal fin morphogenesis P The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the anal fin are generated and organized. An anal fin is an unpaired medial fin on the ventral aspect near the caudal end of a fish, which provides lateral stability while swimming.
35136 forelimb morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the forelimb are generated and organized. The forelimbs are the front limbs of an animal, e.g. the arms of a human.
35137 hindlimb morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the hindlimb are generated and organized.
35138 pectoral fin morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the pectoral fin are generated and organized. Pectoral fins are bilaterally paired fins mounted laterally and located behind the gill covers of fish. These fins are used for lateral mobility and propulsion.
35139 pelvic fin morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the pelvic fin are generated and organized. Pelvic fins are bilaterally paired fins mounted in a ventral-lateral position on most fish. These fins are used primarily for lateral mobility and propulsion.
35141 medial fin morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the medial fin are generated and organized. A medial fin is an unpaired fin of fish, usually located dorsomedially or ventromedially and primarily used for stability while swimming.
35142 dorsal fin morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the dorsal fin are generated and organized. A dorsal fin is an unpaired medial fin on the dorsal aspect of fish that provides lateral stability while swimming. Generally fish have one or two dorsal fins.
35143 caudal fin morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the caudal fin are generated and organized. A caudal fin is an unpaired medial fin mounted at the caudal end of the fish, and is the main fin used for propulsion.
35144 anal fin morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the anal fin are generated and organized. An anal fin is an unpaired medial fin on the ventral aspect near the caudal end of a fish, which provides lateral stability while swimming.
35145 exon-exon junction complex C A multi-subunit complex deposited by the spliceosome upstream of messenger RNA exon-exon junctions. The exon-exon junction complex provides a binding platform for factors involved in mRNA export and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay.
35146 tube fusion P The joining of specific branches of a tubular system to form a continuous network.
35147 branch fusion, open tracheal system P Fusing of specific tracheal branches in an open tracheal system to branches from neighboring hemisegments to form a continuous tracheal network. Branch fusion is mediated by individual cells at the tip of each branch, which contact a similar cell and undergo a coordinated series of morphogenetic events that create a bicellular fusion joint.
35148 tube formation P Creation of the central hole of a tube in an anatomical structure through which gases and/or liquids flow.
35149 lumen formation, open tracheal system P Creation of the central hole of a tube in an open tracheal system through which gases flow.
35150 regulation of tube size P Ensuring that a tube is of the correct length and diameter. Tube size must be maintained not only during tube formation, but also throughout development and in some physiological processes.
35151 regulation of tube size, open tracheal system P Ensuring that an epithelial tube in an open tracheal system is of the correct length and diameter. Tracheal tubes undergo highly regulated tube-size increases during development, expanding up to 40 times their initial size by the end of larval life. Tube size appears to be controlled by regulation of apical membrane expansion and secretion, rather than by changes in cell number, size or shape.
35152 regulation of tube architecture, open tracheal system P Ensuring that tracheal cells form and maintain tubular structures with the correct size and shape for their position in the network. This is essential for efficient flow of gases through the tracheal network.
35153 epithelial cell type specification, open tracheal system P Allocation of epithelial cells within each migrating branch in an open tracheal system to distinct tracheal cell fates. During the migration phase each branch forms a well-defined number of cell types (including fusion cells, terminal cells and branch cells) at precise positions.
35154 terminal cell fate specification, open tracheal system P The process in which a cell in an open tracheal system becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a terminal cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. Terminal cells send long and bifurcated hollow branches toward target tissues to allow oxygen exchange.
35155 negative regulation of terminal cell fate specification, open tracheal system P Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from adopting a terminal cell fate in an open tracheal system. Once the terminal and fusion fates have been correctly induced, inhibitory feedback loops prevent the remaining branch cells from assuming similar fates.
35156 fusion cell fate specification P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a fusion cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. Fusion cells allow the interconnection of adjacent tracheal metameres during tracheal tube fusion.
35157 negative regulation of fusion cell fate specification P Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from adopting a fusion cell fate. Once the terminal and fusion fates have been correctly induced, inhibitory feedback loops prevent the remaining branch cells from assuming similar fates.
35158 regulation of tube diameter, open tracheal system P Ensuring that a tube in an open tracheal system is of the correct diameter. When primary branches form their lumens are small (less than 2 micrometers) in caliber and must undergo regulated expansion during larval life to reach their mature size.
35159 regulation of tube length, open tracheal system P Ensuring that a tube in an open tracheal system is of the correct length.
35160 maintenance of epithelial integrity, open tracheal system P Ensuring that tracheal tubes in an open tracheal system maintain their epithelial structure during the cell shape changes and movements that occur during the branching process.
35161 imaginal disc lineage restriction P Formation and/or maintenance of a lineage boundary between compartments in an imaginal disc that cells cannot cross, thus separating the populations of cells in each compartment.
35162 embryonic hemopoiesis P The stages of blood cell formation that take place within the embryo.
35163 embryonic hemocyte differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell derived from the embryonic head mesoderm acquires the specialized features of a mature hemocyte. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen.
35164 embryonic plasmatocyte differentiation P The process in which an embryonic mesoderm-derived hemocyte precursor cell acquires the specialized features of the phagocytic blood-cell type, the plasmatocyte.
35165 embryonic crystal cell differentiation P The process in which an embryonic mesoderm-derived hemocyte precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a crystal cell. Crystal cells are a class of cells that contain crystalline inclusions and are involved in the melanization of pathogenic material in the hemolymph.
35166 post-embryonic hemopoiesis P The stages of blood cell formation that take place after completion of embryonic development.
35167 larval lymph gland hemopoiesis P The production of blood cells from the larval lymph gland. The lymph gland consists of three to six bilaterally paired lobes that are attached to the cardioblasts during larval stages, and it degenerates during pupal stages.
35168 larval lymph gland hemocyte differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell derived from the larval lymph gland acquires the specialized features of a mature hemocyte. The lymph gland consists of three to six bilaterally paired lobes that are attached to the cardioblasts during larval stages, and it degenerates during pupal stages. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
35169 lymph gland plasmatocyte differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized larval lymph gland-derived hemocyte precursor cell acquires the specialized features of the phagocytic blood-cell type, the plasmatocyte.
35170 lymph gland crystal cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized larval lymph gland-derived hemocyte precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a crystal cell. Crystal cells are a class of cells that contain crystalline inclusions and are involved in the melanization of pathogenic material in the hemolymph.
35171 lamellocyte differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized hemocyte precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a lamellocyte. Lamellocytes are a hemocyte lineage that exists only in larvae, but are seldom observed in healthy animals. Lamellocytes differentiate massively in the lymph glands after parasitization and are large flat cells devoted to encapsulation of invaders too large to be phagocytosed by plasmatocytes.
35172 hemocyte proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of hemocytes, resulting in the expansion of the cell population. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen.
35173 histone kinase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to a histone. Histones are any of a group of water-soluble proteins found in association with the DNA of plant and animal chromosomes.
35174 histone serine kinase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to a serine residue of a histone. Histones are any of a group of water-soluble proteins found in association with the DNA of plant and animal chromosomes.
35175 histone kinase activity (H3-S10 specific) F Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to the serine-10 residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H3.
35176 social behavior P Behavior directed towards society, or taking place between members of the same species. Occurs predominantly, or only, in individuals that are part of a group.
35177 larval foraging behavior P The movement of a larva through a feeding substrate whilst feeding on food.
35178 turning behavior P Fine-tuning the spatial position of an organism in response to variability in their environment. For example, reorientation of an organism in the direction of a food source.
35179 larval turning behavior P Fine-tuning the spatial position of a larva in response to variability in their environment. For example, reorientation of a larva in the direction of a food source.
35180 larval wandering behavior P The movement of a third instar larva through a substrate in search of a pupation site. This movement occurs without feeding and is characterized by short bursts of forward movement, separated by stops and repeated side-to-side head probes, followed normally by a change in direction.
35181 larval burrowing behavior P Digging into the substrate by non-feeding larvae in search for food-free sites suitable for pupation.
35182 female germline ring canal outer rim C An electron opaque backbone of the insect ovarian ring canal that is a part of or adjacent to the plasma membrane. The outer rim is established as the cleavage furrow is arrested, and contains F-actin, anillin, glycoproteins and at least one a protein with a high content of phosphorylated tyrosine residues.
35183 female germline ring canal inner rim C A proteinaceous actin-rich layer of the insect ovarian ring canal that forms subcortically to the outer rim. The electron dense inner rim accumulates after the final mitotic division of each germline syncytia, and contains actin, a phosphotyrosine protein, and a number of cytoskeletal proteins.
35184 histone threonine kinase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to a threonine residue of a histone. Histones are any of a group of water-soluble proteins found in association with the DNA of plant and animal chromosomes.
35185 preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle P The first nine mitotic division cycles of the insect embryo, during which the dividing nuclei lie deep in the interior of the egg and divide nearly synchronously. This is the first phase of the syncytial period where nuclei divide in a common cytoplasm without cytokinesis.
35186 syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle P Mitotic division cycles 10 to 13 of the insect embryo. This is the second phase of the syncytial period where nuclei divide in a common cytoplasm without cytokinesis. The majority of migrating nuclei reach the embryo surface during cycle 10, after which they divide less synchronously than before, and the syncytial blastoderm cycles lengthen progressively.
35187 hatching behavior P The specific behavior of an organism during the emergence from an egg shell. In Drosophila for example, the larva swings its head reiteratively through a semicircular arc, using its mouth hooks to tear apart the chorion in front of it and thus free itself from within the egg shell.
35188 hatching P The emergence of an immature organism from a protective structure.
35189 Rb-E2F complex C A multiprotein complex containing a heterodimeric E2F transcription factor and a Retinoblastoma (Rb) family member. This complex is capable of repressing transcription of E2F-regulated genes in order to regulate cell cycle progression.
35190 syncytial nuclear migration P The directed movement of nuclei within the syncytial embryo of insects. These precise temporal and spatial patterns of nuclear movement are coordinated with mitotic divisons and are required during blastoderm formation to reposition dividing nuclei from the interior of the syncytial embryo to the cortex.
35191 nuclear axial expansion P The stepwise asymmetric spreading out of nuclei internally along the anterior-posterior axis of the developing insect embryo during mitotic cycles 4 to 6. This movement leads to the distribution of nuclei in a hollow ellipsoid underlying the cortex.
35192 nuclear cortical migration P The symmetric outward movement of the syncytial nuclei from their positions in the ellipsoid toward the periphery of the embryo, during mitotic cycles 8 and 9. This movement results in the placement of nuclei in a uniform monolayer at the cortex of the developing embryo.
35193 larval central nervous system remodeling P Reorganization of the pre-existing, functional larval central nervous system into one that can serve the novel behavioral needs of the adult. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
35194 posttranscriptional gene silencing by RNA P Any process of posttranscriptional gene inactivation (silencing) mediated by small RNA molecules that may trigger mRNA degradation or negatively regulate translation.
35195 gene silencing by miRNA P Downregulation of gene expression through the action of microRNAs (miRNAs), endogenous 21-24 nucleotide small RNAs processed from stem-loop RNA precursors (pre-miRNAs). Once incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), miRNAs can downregulate gene expression by either of two posttranscriptional mechanisms: endolytic cleavage of mRNA cleavage or translational repression, usually accompanied by poly-A tail shortening and subsequent degradation of the mRNA.
35196 production of miRNAs involved in gene silencing by miRNA P Cleavage of stem-loop RNA precursors into microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small RNAs that primarily silence genes by blocking the translation of mRNA transcripts into protein.
35197 siRNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a small interfering RNA, a 21-23 nucleotide RNA that is processed from double stranded RNA (dsRNA) by an RNAse enzyme.
35198 miRNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a microRNA, a 21-23 nucleotide RNA that is processed from a stem-loop RNA precursor (pre-miRNA) that is encoded within plant and animal genomes.
35199 salt aversion P The specific avoidance actions or reactions of an organism in response to the perception of salt.
35200 leg disc anterior/posterior pattern formation P The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis of the leg imaginal disc.
35201 leg disc anterior/posterior lineage restriction P Formation and/or maintenance of a lineage boundary between anterior and posterior compartments of the leg disc that cells cannot cross, thus separating the populations of cells in each compartment.
35202 tracheal pit formation in open tracheal system P Formation of the tracheal pits, the first tube-like structures to form in the open tracheal system. Once cells are determined to their tracheal cell fate, the tracheal pits arise by invagination of each ectodermal cluster of tracheal placode cells, between 5 and 7 hours after egg laying. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
35203 regulation of lamellocyte differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lamellocyte differentiation. Lamellocytes differentiate massively in the lymph glands after parasitization and are large flat cells devoted to encapsulation of invaders too large to be phagocytosed by plasmatocytes.
35204 negative regulation of lamellocyte differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lamellocyte differentiation. Lamellocytes differentiate massively in the lymph glands after parasitization and are large flat cells devoted to encapsulation of invaders too large to be phagocytosed by plasmatocytes.
35205 positive regulation of lamellocyte differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lamellocyte differentiation. Lamellocytes differentiate massively in the lymph glands after parasitization and are large flat cells devoted to encapsulation of invaders too large to be phagocytosed by plasmatocytes.
35206 regulation of hemocyte proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hemocyte proliferation. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
35207 negative regulation of hemocyte proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of hemocyte proliferation. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
35208 positive regulation of hemocyte proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of hemocyte proliferation. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) that are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
35209 pupal development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pupa over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pupa is a dormant life stage interposed between the larval and the adult stages in insects that undergo a complete metamorphosis.
35210 prepupal development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the prepupa over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The prepupal stage is a life stage interposed between the larval and the pupal stages in insects that undergo a complete metamorphosis. The start of the pre-pupal stage is marked by pupariation, and the end is marked by pupation.
35211 spermathecum morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of a spermathecum, a sperm storage organ, are generated and organized. Paired spermathecae lie at the anterior end of the insect uterus on the dorsal side. Each spermatheca consists of an oval shaped capsule, connected to the uterus by a spermathecal stalk.
35212 cell competition in a multicellular organism P Competitive interactions within multicellular organisms between cell populations that differ in growth rates, leading to the elimination of the slowest-growing cells.
35213 clypeo-labral disc development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the clypeo-labral disc over time, from its formation to the metamorphosis to form adult structures. The clypeo-labral disc develops into the labrum, anterior cibarial plate, fish trap bristles, epistomal sclerite.
35214 eye-antennal disc development P Progression of the eye-antennal imaginal disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form adult structures including the eye, antenna, head capsule and maxillary palps.
35215 genital disc development P Progression of the genital imaginal disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form the adult terminalia, comprising the entire set of internal and external genitalia and analia. Both sexes of Drosophila have a single genital disc formed from the female and male genital primordia, and the anal primordium. The anal primordium develops in both sexes, forming either male or female analia. However, only one of the genital primordia develops in each sex, forming either the male or the female genitalia.
35216 haltere disc development P Progression of the haltere imaginal disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form the adult capitellum, pedicel, haltere sclerite, metathoracic spiracle and metanotum.
35217 labial disc development P Progression of the labial imaginal disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form adult structures including parts of the proboscis.
35218 leg disc development P Progression of the leg imaginal disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form adult structures including the leg, coxa and ventral thoracic pleura.
35219 prothoracic disc development P Progression of the prothoracic disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form the adult humerous and anterior spiracle.
35220 wing disc development P Progression of the wing disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form adult structures including the wing hinge, wing blade and pleura.
35221 genital disc pattern formation P The process that gives rise to the patterns of cell differentiation that will arise in the genital imaginal disc.
35222 wing disc pattern formation P The process giving rise to the pattern of cell differentiation in the wing imaginal disc.
35223 leg disc pattern formation P The process that gives rise to the patterns of cell differentiation in the leg imaginal disc.
35224 genital disc anterior/posterior pattern formation P The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis of the genital disc. An anterior and posterior compartment form in each of the three genital disc primoridia (the female genital disc primordium, the male genital disc primordium and the anal primordium).
35225 determination of genital disc primordium P Allocation of embryonic cells to the genital imaginal disc founder populations. Early in development at the blastoderm stage, the anlage of the genital disc of both sexes consists of three primordia: the female genital primoridum lcoated anteriorly, the anal primoridum located posteriorly, and the male gential primordium between the two.
35226 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the catalytic subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase.
35227 regulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase activity P Any process that modulates the activity of glutamate-cysteine ligase.
35228 negative regulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase activity P Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme glutamate-cysteine ligase.
35229 positive regulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase activity P Any process that activates or increases the activity of glutamate-cysteine ligase, typically by lowering its sensitivity to inhibition by glutathione and by increasing its affinity for glutamate.
35230 cytoneme C A long, thin, polarized cell projection that contains actin and can extend for distances many times the diameter of the cell. Cytonemes represent extensions of cell cytoplasm and typically have a diameter of approximately 0.2um.
35231 cytoneme assembly P Formation of a cytoneme, a long, thin and polarized actin-based cytoplasmic extension that projects from a cell.
35232 germ cell attraction P The directed movement of a germ cell from their site of production to the gonad, through the attraction of cells towards their target.
35233 germ cell repulsion P The directed movement of a germ cell from their site of production to the gonad, through the repulsion of cells away from a tissue.
35234 ectopic germ cell programmed cell death P Programmed cell death of an errant germ line cell that is outside the normal migratory path or ectopic to the gonad. This is an important mechanism of regulating germ cell survival within the embryo.
35235 ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by glutamate binding to a glutamate receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by the movement of ions through a channel in the receptor complex. Ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
35236 proctolin receptor activity F Combining with the neuropeptide proctolin, to initiate a change in cell activity.
35237 corazonin receptor activity F Combining with the neuropeptide corazonin to initiate a change in cell activity.
35238 vitamin A biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of the vitamin A compounds, retinol, retinal (retinaldehyde) and retinoic acid. Animals cannot synthesize vitamin A de novo, but form it through oxidative cleavage of carotenoids.
35239 tube morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system.
35240 dopamine binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter formed by aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase from 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine.
35241 protein-arginine omega-N monomethyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the addition of a methyl group to either of the unmethylated terminal nitrogen atoms (also called omega nitrogen) in peptidyl-arginine to form an omega-N-G-monomethylated arginine residue. The reaction is S-adenosyl-L-methionine + [protein]-L-arginine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + [protein]-Nomega-methyl-L-arginine.
35242 protein-arginine omega-N asymmetric methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the addition of a second methyl group to methylated peptidyl-arginine. Methylation is on the same terminal nitrogen (omega nitrogen) residue that was previously methylated, resulting in asymmetrical peptidyl-N(omega),N(omega)-dimethylated arginine residues.
35243 protein-arginine omega-N symmetric methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the addition of a second methyl group to methylated peptidyl-arginine. Methylation is on the terminal nitrogen (omega nitrogen) residue that is not already methylated, resulting in symmetrical peptidyl-N(omega),N'(omega)-dimethyled arginine residues.
35244 peptidyl-arginine C-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the carbon atom of an arginine residue in a protein.
35245 peptidyl-arginine C-methylation P The addition of a methyl group onto a carbon atom of an arginine residue in a protein.
35246 peptidyl-arginine N-methylation P The addition of a methyl group onto a nitrogen atom of an arginine residue in a protein.
35247 peptidyl-arginine omega-N-methylation P The addition of a methyl group onto a terminal nitrogen (omega nitrogen) atom of an arginine residue in a protein.
35248 alpha-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of an N-acetylgalactosaminyl residue from UDP-N-acetyl-galactosamine to an acceptor molecule, forming an alpha-1,4 linkage.
35249 synaptic transmission, glutamatergic P The process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glutamate.
35250 UDP-galactosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a galactose group from UDP-galactose to an acceptor molecule.
35251 UDP-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a glucosyl group from UDP-glucose to an acceptor molecule.
35252 UDP-xylosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a xylosyl group from UDP-xylose to an acceptor molecule.
35253 ciliary rootlet C A cytoskeleton-like structure, originating from the basal body at the proximal end of a cilium, and extending proximally toward the cell nucleus. Rootlets are typically 80-100 nm in diameter and contain cross striae distributed at regular intervals of approximately 55-70 nm.
35254 glutamate receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a glutamate receptor.
35255 ionotropic glutamate receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an ionotropic glutamate receptor. Ionotropic glutamate receptors bind glutamate and exert an effect through the regulation of ion channels.
35256 G-protein coupled glutamate receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a G-protein coupled glutamate receptor (a metabotropic glutamate receptor).
35257 nuclear hormone receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nuclear hormone receptor, a ligand-dependent receptor found in the nucleus of the cell.
35258 steroid hormone receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a steroid hormone receptor.
35259 glucocorticoid receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a glucocorticoid receptor.
35260 internal genitalia morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the internal genitalia are generated and organized. The internal genitalia are the internal sex organs such as the uterine tube, the uterus and the vagina in female mammals, and the testis, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct and prostate in male mammals.
35261 external genitalia morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the external genitalia are generated and organized. The external genitalia are the outer sex organs, such as the penis or vulva in mammals.
35262 gonad morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the gonads are generated and organized. A gonad is an animal organ producing gametes, e.g. the testes or the ovary in mammals.
35263 genital disc sexually dimorphic development P The sex-specific patterns of primoridia growth and differentiation in the genital imaginal disc. The anal primordium of the genital disc develops in both sexes, but depending on the genetic sex gives rise to either male or female analia. Depending on the genetic sex, only one of the two genital primordia develop. In females the female genital primordium develops and gives rise to the female genitalia whereas the male primordium is repressed. Conversely, in males the male genital primordium develops and gives rise to the male genitalia whereas the female genital primordium is repressed.
35264 multicellular organism growth P The increase in size or mass of an entire multicellular organism, as opposed to cell growth.
35265 organ growth P The increase in size or mass of an organ. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that function together as to perform a specific function.
35266 meristem growth P The increase in size or mass of a meristem, a region of tissue in a plant that is composed of one or more undifferentiated cells capable of undergoing mitosis and differentiation.
35267 NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex C A complex having histone acetylase activity on chromatin, as well as ATPase, DNA helicase and structural DNA binding activities. The complex is thought to be involved in double-strand DNA break repair. Subunits of the human complex include HTATIP/TIP60, TRRAP, RUVBL1, BUVBL2, beta-actin and BAF53/ACTL6A. In yeast, the complex has 13 subunits, including the catalytic subunit Esa1 (homologous to human Tip60).
35268 protein mannosylation P The addition of a mannose residue to a protein acceptor molecule.
35269 protein O-linked mannosylation P The transfer of mannose from dolichyl activated mannose to the hydroxyl group of a seryl or threonyl residue of a protein acceptor molecule, to form an O-linked protein-sugar linkage.
35270 endocrine system development P Progression of the endocrine system over time, from its formation to a mature structure. The endocrine system is a system of hormones and ductless glands, where the glands release hormones directly into the blood, lymph or other intercellular fluid, and the hormones circulate within the body to affect distant organs. The major glands that make up the human endocrine system are the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathryoids, adrenals, pineal body, and the reproductive glands which include the ovaries and testes.
35271 ring gland development P Progression of the ring gland over time, from its formation to a mature structure. The ring gland is a neuroendocrine organ found in higher Dipterans, which is composed of the prothoracic gland, the corpus allatum, and the corpora cardiacum. The ring gland is the site of production and release of ecdysteroids and juvenile hormones.
35272 exocrine system development P Progression of the exocrine system over time, from its formation to a mature structure. The exocrine system is a system of hormones and glands, where the glands secrete straight to a target site via ducts or tubes. The human exocrine system includes the salivary glands, sweat glands and many glands of the digestive system.
35273 phthalate binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a phthalate, any ester or salt of phthalic acid.
35274 diphenyl phthalate binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with diphenyl phthalate, C(20)H(14)O(4).
35275 dibutyl phthalate binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with dibutyl phthalate, C(16)H(22)O(4).
35276 ethanol binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ethanol, CH(3)-CH(2)-OH.
35277 spiracle morphogenesis, open tracheal system P The process in which the anatomical structures of a spiracle are generated and organized. Spiracles are the openings in the insect open tracheal system; externally they connect to the epidermis and internally they connect to the tracheal trunk.
35278 miRNA mediated inhibition of translation P The process in which microRNAs (miRNAs) block the translation of target mRNAs into proteins. Once incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), a miRNA will typically mediate repression of translation if the miRNA imperfectly base-pairs with the 3' untranslated regions of target mRNAs
35279 mRNA cleavage involved in gene silencing by miRNA P The process in which microRNAs (miRNAs) direct the cleavage of target mRNAs. Once incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), a miRNA base pairing with near-perfect complementarity to the target mRNA will typically direct targeted endonucleolytic cleavage of the mRNA. Many plant miRNAs downregulate gene expression through this mechanism.
35280 miRNA loading onto RISC involved in gene silencing by miRNA P The transfer of a microRNA (miRNA) strand from a miRNA:miRNA duplex onto the RNA-initiated silencing complex (RISC).
35281 pre-miRNA export from nucleus P Transport of pre-microRNAs (pre-miRNAs) from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Pre-miRNAs are a ~60-70 nucleotide stem loop intermediate in miRNA production, produced by the nuclear cleavage of a primary miRNA (pri-mRNA) transcript. Pre-miRNAs are transported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm where further cleavage occurs to produce a mature miRNA product.
35282 segmentation P The regionalization process that divides an organism or part of an organism into a series of semi-repetitive parts, or segments, often arranged along a longitudinal axis.
35283 central nervous system segmentation P Division of the central nervous system into a series of semi-repetitive parts or segments.
35284 brain segmentation P Division of the brain into a series of semi-repetitive parts or segments.
35285 appendage segmentation P Division of an appendage, an organ or part that is attached to the main body of an organism, into a series of semi-repetitive parts or segments. Most arthropod appendages, such as the legs and antennae, are visibly segmented.
35287 head segmentation P Partitioning the insect head anlage into a fixed number of segmental units. The number of segments composing the insect head has long been a subject of debate, but it is generally agreed that there are 6 or 7 segments. From anterior to posterior the head segments are the procephalic segments (labral, (ocular), antennal and intercalary) and the gnathal segments (mandibular, maxillary and labial).
35288 anterior head segmentation P Partitioning the insect head anlage into procephalic (labral, (ocular), antennal and intercalary) segments. The procephalic segments lie anterior to the gnathal (posterior head) segments, and are pattered by different segmentation gene cascades to the abdominal, thoracic and posterior head (gnathal) segments.
35289 posterior head segmentation P Partitioning the posterior region of the insect head anlage into gnathal (mandibular, maxillary and labial) segments. Unlike the anterior head (procephalic) segments, formation of the posterior head (gnathal) segments occurs by a similar mechanism to trunk segmentation, where a cascade of gap genes, pair-rule genes and segment-polarity genes subdivide the embryo into progressively smaller domains.
35290 trunk segmentation P Partitioning of the blastoderm embryo into trunk segmental units. In Drosophila, the trunk segments include thoracic segments and abdominal segments A1 to A8.
35291 specification of segmental identity, intercalary segment P The specification of the characteristic structures of the intercalary segment of the anterior head, following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
35292 specification of segmental identity, trunk P The specification of the characteristic structures of trunk segments, following establishment of segment boundaries. In Drosophila, the trunk segments include thoracic segments and abdominal segments A1 to A8. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
35293 chitin-based larval cuticle pattern formation P The process that gives rise to the patterns of cell differentiation in the chitin-based larval cuticle. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
35294 determination of wing disc primordium P Allocation of embryonic cells to the wing disc founder populations, groups of cells that are committed to contribute to the formation of a wing imaginal disc.
35295 tube development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tube over time, from its initial formation to a mature structure. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues including lung and trachea, kidney, the mammary gland, the vascular system and the gastrointestinal and urinary-genital tracts.
35296 regulation of tube diameter P Any process that modulates the diameter of a tube.
35297 regulation of Malpighian tubule diameter P Ensuring that the Malpighian tubule is the correct width. Malpighian tubules have a uniform circumference along their length; the circumference of the tubes is eight cells during the time the cells are dividing, after which the cells rearrange producting tubes with a cirumference of two cells.
35298 regulation of Malpighian tubule size P Ensuring that a Malpighian tubule is the correct length and diameter.
35299 inositol pentakisphosphate 2-kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).
35301 Hedgehog signaling complex C A multiprotein complex that binds microtubules in a Hedgehog-dependent manner, and is required for signal transduction by members of the Hedgehog family of proteins. The core components of the complex are the serine/threonine protein kinase Fused, the kinesin motor protein Costal2 (Cos2), and a zinc finger transcription factor (Gli family members in humans, and Cubitus interruptus (Ci) in Drosophila).
35302 ecdysteroid 25-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the hydroxylation of an ecdysteroid at carbon position 25. Ecdysteroids are a group of polyhydroxylated ketosteroids which initiate post-embryonic development, particularly metamorphosis, in insects and other arthropods.
35303 regulation of dephosphorylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of removal of phosphate groups from a molecule.
35304 regulation of protein dephosphorylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of removal of phosphate groups from a protein.
35305 negative regulation of dephosphorylation P Any process the stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of removal of phosphate groups from a molecule.
35306 positive regulation of dephosphorylation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of removal of phosphate groups from a molecule.
35307 positive regulation of protein dephosphorylation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of removal of phosphate groups from a protein.
35308 negative regulation of protein dephosphorylation P Any process the stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of removal of phosphate groups from a protein.
35309 wing and notum subfield formation P The regionalization process that subdivides the wing imaginal disc into the wing and notum (body wall) subfields, thus determining whether cells ultimately differentiate wing or notum-specific structures.
35310 notum cell fate specification P The process in which a cell in the larval wing imaginal disc becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a notum cell, if left in its normal environment.
35311 wing cell fate specification P The process in which a cell in the larval wing imaginal disc becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a wing cell, if left in its normal environment.
35312 5'-3' exodeoxyribonuclease activity F Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 5' terminus of a DNA molecule.
35313 wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells P The migration of an epidermal cell along or through a wound gap that contributes to the reestablishment of a continuous epidermis.
35314 scab formation P Formation of hardened covering (a scab) at a wound site. The scab has multiple functions including limiting blood loss, providing structural stability to the wound and guarding against infection.
35315 hair cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hair cell.
35316 non-sensory hair organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of non-sensory hairs. These hairs are polarized cellular extensions that cover much of the insect epidermis.
35317 imaginal disc-derived wing hair organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an imaginal disc-derived wing hair. A wing hair is an actin-rich, polarized, non-sensory apical projection that protrudes from each of the approximately 30,000 wing epithelial cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
35318 imaginal disc-derived wing hair outgrowth P Extrusion of a cellular projection from the apical membrane of an epithelial cell in an imaginal disc-derived wing. Outgrowth initiates approximately 35 hours after puparium formation from the distal side of the cell, and at this stage the cellular extension is termed a prehair.
35319 imaginal disc-derived wing hair elongation P Growth of a prehair in the approximately 10 hour period following its emergence from an epidermal cell in an imaginal disc-derived wing. Prehair elongation is guided and/or driven by the polymerization of actin filaments and the orderly crosslinking of filaments into bundles.
35320 imaginal disc-derived wing hair site selection P Determination of the site in the cell of an imaginal disc-derived wing at which a prehair initiates outgrowth. Restriction of prehair initiation to the distalmost part of a cell is essential to ensure that each wing epithelial cell produces one adult hair that points distally.
35321 maintenance of imaginal disc-derived wing hair orientation P Ensuring that hairs in the imaginal disc-derived wing continue to point distally during development, following the initial establishment of wing hair polarity.
35322 mesenchymal cell migration involved in limb bud formation P The orderly movement of a mesenchymal cell from one site to another that will contribute to the formation of a limb bud.
35323 male germline ring canal C An intercellular bridge that connects the germline cells of a male cyst.
35324 female germline ring canal C An intercellular bridge that connects the germline cells of a female cyst.
35325 Toll-like receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a Toll-like protein, a pattern recognition receptor that binds pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate an innate immune response.
35326 enhancer binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an enhancer, a transcription regulatory region that is somewhat distal from the core promoter and which enhances transcription from that promoter.
35327 transcriptionally active chromatin C The ordered and organized complex of DNA and protein that forms regions of the chromosome that are being actively transcribed.
35328 transcriptionally silent chromatin C The ordered and organized complex of DNA and protein that forms regions of the chromosome that are not being actively transcribed.
35329 hippo signaling P The series of molecular signals mediated by the serine/threonine kinase Hippo or one of its orthologs. In Drosophila, Hippo in complex with the scaffold protein Salvador (Sav), phosphorylates and activates Warts (Wts), which in turn phosphorylates and inactivates the Yorkie (Yki) transcriptional activator. The core fly components hippo, sav, wts and mats are conserved in mammals as STK4/3 (MST1/2), SAV1/WW45, LATS1/2 and MOB1.
35330 regulation of hippo signaling P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hippo signaling.
35331 negative regulation of hippo signaling P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hippo signaling.
35332 positive regulation of hippo signaling P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hippo signaling.
35333 Notch receptor processing, ligand-dependent P The proteolytic cleavages to the Notch protein that occur as a result of ligand binding. Ligand binding at the cell surface exposes an otherwise inaccessible cleavage site in the extracellular portion of Notch, which when cleaved releases a membrane-tethered form of the Notch intracellular domain. Subsequent cleavage within the transmembrane domain then leads to the release of the soluble Notch intracellular domain (NICD).
35334 Notch receptor processing, ligand-independent P The proteolytic cleavages to the Notch protein that occur prior to ligand binding. A primary cleavage event within the extracellular domain whilst the Notch protein in still in the secretory pathway, leads to the transportation of a processed heterodimer to the cell surface.
35335 peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation P The removal of phosphoric residues from peptidyl-O-phospho-tyrosine to form peptidyl-tyrosine.
35336 long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a long-chain fatty-acyl group. Long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs have chain lengths of C13 or more.
35337 fatty-acyl-CoA metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a fatty-acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with a fatty-acyl group.
35338 long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a long-chain fatty-acyl group. Long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs have chain lengths of C13 or more.
35339 SPOTS complex C A multiprotein complex at least composed of serine palmitoyltransferases and ORM proteins (known as ORMDL proteins in mammals and other higher vertebrates) that plays a key role in sphingolipid homeostasis.
35340 inosine transport P The directed movement of the purine ribonucleoside inosine, also known as hypoxanthine riboside, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
35341 regulation of inosine transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of inosine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
35342 positive regulation of inosine transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of inosine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
35343 negative regulation of inosine transport P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of inosine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
35344 hypoxanthine transport P The directed movement of hypoxanthine, 6-hydroxypurine, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
35345 regulation of hypoxanthine transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of hypoxanthine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
35346 positive regulation of hypoxanthine transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of hypoxanthine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
35347 negative regulation of hypoxanthine transport P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of hypoxanthine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
35348 acetyl-CoA transmembrane transport P The process in which acetyl-CoA is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Acetyl-CoA is a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated; it is a metabolite derived from several pathways (e.g. glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, amino-acid catabolism) and is further metabolized by the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It is a key intermediate in lipid and terpenoid biosynthesis.
35349 coenzyme A transmembrane transport P The process in which coenzyme A is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, is an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester.
35350 FAD transmembrane transport P The process in which flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. FAD forms the coenzyme of the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes, in which it functions as an electron acceptor by being reversibly converted to its reduced form.
35351 heme transmembrane transport P The process in which heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring, is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
35352 NAD transmembrane transport P The process in which nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore; transport may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.
35353 nicotinamide mononucleotide transmembrane transport P The process in which nicotinamide mononucleotide is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Nicotinamide mononucleotide is a ribonucleotide in which the nitrogenous base, nicotinamide, is in beta-n-glycosidic linkage with the c-1 position of d-ribose. It is a constituent of NAD and NADP.
35354 Toll-like receptor 1-Toll-like receptor 2 protein complex C A heterodimeric protein complex containing Toll-like receptor 1 (TLR1) and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2).
35355 Toll-like receptor 2-Toll-like receptor 6 protein complex C A heterodimeric protein complex containing Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and Toll-like receptor 6 (TLR6).
35356 cellular triglyceride homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of triglyceride within a cell or between a cell and its external environment.
35357 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to any of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (alpha, beta or gamma) in the nuclear membrane, and ending with the initiation or termination of the transcription of target genes.
35358 regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway.
35359 negative regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway.
35360 positive regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway.
35361 Cul8-RING ubiquitin ligase complex C A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul8 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core. In S. cerevisiae, Mms1p acts as the adaptor protein and substrate specificity is conferred by any of a number of different proteins.
35362 protein-DNA ISRE complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and DNA molecules to form a protein-DNA complex, in which the complex is formed through interaction of the protein(s) with a interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) in the DNA.
35363 histone locus body C A nuclear body associated with the histone gene locus that is thought to contain all of the factors necessary for histone mRNA transcription and pre-mRNA processing. In Drosophila, U7 snRNP is located in the histone locus body rather than the distinct Cajal body.
35364 thymine transport P The directed movement of thymine, 5-methyluracil, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
35365 regulation of thymine transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of thymine, 5-methyluracil, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
35366 negative regulation of thymine transport P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of thymine, 5-methyluracil, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
35367 positive regulation of thymine transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of thymine, 5-methyluracil, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
35368 selenocysteine insertion sequence binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS), a regulatory sequence within mRNA which directs incorporation of a selenocysteine at a stop codon (UGA) during translation.
35369 pre-B cell receptor complex C An immunoglobulin-like complex that is present in at least the plasma membrane of pre-B cells, and that is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains and two surrogate light chains, each composed of the lambda-5 and VpreB proteins, and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.
35370 UBC13-UEV1A complex C A heterodimeric ubiquitin conjugating enzyme complex that catalyzes assembly of K63-linked polyubiquitin chains and is involved in NF-kappaB activation. In humans at least, the complex comprises the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBC13 and ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme variant 1A (UEV1A).
35371 microtubule plus-end C The growing (plus) end of a microtubule. In vitro, microtubules polymerize more quickly at the plus end than at the minus end. In vivo, microtubule growth occurs only at the plus end, and the plus end switches between periods of growth and shortening, a behavior known as dynamic instability.
35372 protein localization to microtubule P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a microtubule.
35373 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, any proteoglycan containing chondroitin sulfate as the glycosaminoglycan carbohydrate unit.
35374 chondroitin sulfate binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with chondroitin sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan made up of two alternating monosaccharides: D-glucuronic acid (GlcA) and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc).
35375 zymogen binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a zymogen, an enzymatically inactive precursor of an enzyme that is often convertible to an active enzyme by proteolysis.
35376 sterol import P The directed movement of a sterol into a cell or organelle. Sterols are steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.
35377 transepithelial water transport P The directed movement of water (H2O) from one side of an epithelium to the other.
35378 carbon dioxide transmembrane transport P A process in which carbon dioxide (CO2) is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
35379 carbon dioxide transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of carbon dioxide (CO2) from one side of a membrane to the other.
35380 very long-chain-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA + NAD(P)+ = 3-oxoacyl-CoA + NAD(P)H + H+, where the acyl group is a very long-chain fatty acid residue. A very long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid which has a chain length greater than C22.
35381 ATP-gated ion channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when ATP has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
35382 sterol transmembrane transport P The directed movement of a sterol across a membrane into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Sterols are steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.
35383 thioester metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a thioester, a compound of general formula RC(=O)SR' in which the linking oxygen in an ester is replaced by a sulfur atom. They are the product of esterification between a carboxylic acid and a thiol.
35384 thioester biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a thioester, a compound of general formula RC(=O)SR' in which the linking oxygen in an ester is replaced by a sulfur atom. They are the product of esterification between a carboxylic acid and a thiol.
35385 Roundabout signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a SLIT protein to a Roundabout (ROBO) family receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
35386 regulation of Roundabout signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the Roundabout signaling pathway.
35387 negative regulation of Roundabout signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Roundabout signaling pathway.
35388 positive regulation of Roundabout signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Roundabout signaling pathway.
35389 establishment of chromatin silencing at silent mating-type cassette P The initial formation of a transcriptionally silent chromatin structure such as heterochromatin at silent mating-type loci.
35390 establishment of chromatin silencing at telomere P The initial formation of a transcriptionally silent chromatin structure such as heterochromatin at the telomere.
35391 maintenance of chromatin silencing at silent mating-type cassette P The maintenance of chromatin in a transcriptionally silent state such as heterochromatin at silent mating-type loci.
35392 maintenance of chromatin silencing at telomere P The maintenance of chromatin in a transcriptionally silent state such as heterochromatin at the telomere.
35393 chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 production P The appearance of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
35394 regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9.
35395 negative regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9.
35396 positive regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9.
35397 helper T cell enhancement of adaptive immune response P Positive regulation of an adaptive immune response mediated via cytokine production by helper T cell.
35398 helper T cell enhancement of T cell mediated immune response P Positive regulation of a T cell mediated immune response mediated via cytokine production by a helper T cell.
35399 helper T cell enhancement of B cell mediated immune response P Positive regulation of a B cell mediated immune response mediated via cytokine production by a helper T cell.
35400 histone tyrosine kinase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a histone. Histones are any of a group of water-soluble proteins found in association with the DNA of plant and animal chromosomes.
35401 histone kinase activity (H3-Y41 specific) F Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to the tyrosine-41 residue of histone H3.
35402 histone kinase activity (H3-T11 specific) F Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to the threonine-11 residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H3.
35403 histone kinase activity (H3-T6 specific) F Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to the threonine-6 residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H3.
35404 histone-serine phosphorylation P The modification of histones by addition of a phosphate group to a serine residue.
35405 histone-threonine phosphorylation P The modification of histones by addition of a phosphate group to a threonine residue.
35406 histone-tyrosine phosphorylation P The modification of histones by addition of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue.
35407 histone H3-T11 phosphorylation P The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an phosphate group to a threonine residue at position 11 of the histone.
35408 histone H3-T6 phosphorylation P The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an phosphate group to a threonine residue at position 6 of the histone.
35409 histone H3-Y41 phosphorylation P The modification of histone H3 by the addition of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue at position 41 of the histone.
35410 dihydrotestosterone 17-beta-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone + NAD+ = 5alpha-androstane-3,17-dione + NADH.
35411 catenin import into nucleus P The directed movement of a catenin protein from the cytoplasm into the nucleus.
35412 regulation of catenin import into nucleus P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the directed movement of a catenin protein from the cytoplasm into the nucleus.
35413 positive regulation of catenin import into nucleus P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the directed movement of a catenin protein from the cytoplasm into the nucleus.
35414 negative regulation of catenin import into nucleus P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the directed movement of a catenin protein from the cytoplasm into the nucleus.
35418 protein localization to synapse P Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained at the synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell.
35419 activation of MAPK activity involved in innate immune response P Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase in the context of an innate immune response, a defense response mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.
35420 MAPK cascade involved in innate immune response P A MAPK cascade that contributes to an innate immune response, a defense response mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.
35421 activation of MAPKK activity involved in innate immune response P Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase kinase in the context of an innate immune response, a defense response mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.
35422 activation of MAPKKK activity involved in innate immune response P Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase kinase kinase in the context of an innate immune response, a defense response mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.
35423 inactivation of MAPK activity involved in innate immune response P Any process that terminates the activity of the active enzyme MAP kinase in the context of an innate immune response, a defense response mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.
35424 MAPK import into nucleus involved in innate immune response P The directed movement of a MAP kinase to the nucleus in the context of an innate immune response, a defense response mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.
35425 autocrine signaling P Signaling between cells of the same type. The signal produced by the signaling cell binds to a receptor on, and affects a cell of the same type.
35426 extracellular matrix-cell signaling P Any process that mediates the transfer of information between the extracellular matrix and a cell.
35428 hexose transmembrane transport P The directed movement of hexose across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Hexoses are any aldoses with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.
35429 gluconate transmembrane transport P The directed movement of gluconate across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Gluconate is the aldonic acid derived from glucose.
35430 regulation of gluconate transmembrane transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a gluconate across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
35431 negative regulation of gluconate transmembrane transport P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of gluconate across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
35432 positive regulation of gluconate transmembrane transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of gluconate across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
35433 acetate transmembrane transport P The directed movement of acetate across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Acetate is the 2-carbon carboxylic acid ethanoic acid.
35434 copper ion transmembrane transport P The directed movement of copper cation across a membrane.
35435 phosphate ion transmembrane transport P The directed movement of phosphate across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
35436 triose phosphate transmembrane transport P The directed movement of triose phosphate across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Triose phosphate is any organic three carbon compound phosphate ester.
35437 maintenance of protein localization in endoplasmic reticulum P Any process in which a protein is maintained in the endoplasmic reticulum and prevented from moving elsewhere. These include sequestration within the endoplasmic reticulum, protein stabilization to prevent transport elsewhere and the active retrieval of proteins that escape the endoplasmic reticulum.
35438 cyclic-di-GMP binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cyclic-di-GMP, cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate.
35439 halimadienyl-diphosphate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeranyl diphosphate = halima-5(6),13-dien-15-yl diphosphate.
35440 tuberculosinol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tuberculosinol (halima-5,6,dien-15-ol), a secondary metabolite in Mycobacteria.
35441 cell migration involved in vasculogenesis P The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that will contribute to the differentiation of an endothelial cell that will form de novo blood vessels and tubes.
35442 dipeptide transmembrane transport P The directed movement of a dipeptide across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A dipeptide is a combination of two amino acids linked together by a peptide (-CO-NH-) bond.
35443 tripeptide transmembrane transport P The directed movement of a tripeptide across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A tripeptide is a compound containing three amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.
35444 nickel cation transmembrane transport P The directed movement of nickel (Ni) cations across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
35445 borate transmembrane transport P The directed movement of borate across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Borate is the anion (BO3)3-; boron is a group 13 element, with properties which are borderline between metals and non-metals.
35446 cysteine-glucosaminylinositol ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside)-1D-myo-inositol + L-cysteine + ATP = 1-D-myo-inosityl-2-L-cysteinylamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside + AMP + diphosphate + 2 H+. 1-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside)-1D-myo-inositol is also known as glucosaminyl-inositol or GlcN-Ins, and 1-D-myo-inosityl-2-L-cysteinylamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside as desacetylmycothiol or Cys-GlcN-Ins.
35447 mycothiol synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-D-myo-inosityl-2-L-cysteinylamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside + acetyl-CoA = mycothiol + coenzyme A + H+. Mycothiol is also known as AcCys-GlcN-Ins and 1-D-myo-inosityl-2-L-cysteinylamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside as Cys-GlcN-Ins or desacetylmycothiol.
35448 extrinsic component of thylakoid membrane C The component of a thylakoid membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
35449 extrinsic component of plastid thylakoid membrane C The component of a plastid thylakoid membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
35450 extrinsic component of lumenal side of plastid thylakoid membrane C The component of a plastid thylakoid membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to its lumenal surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
35451 extrinsic component of stromal side of plastid thylakoid membrane C The component of a plastid thylakoid membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to its stromal surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
35452 extrinsic component of plastid membrane C The component of a plastid membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
35453 extrinsic component of plastid inner membrane C The component of a plastid inner membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
35454 extrinsic component of stromal side of plastid inner membrane C The component of a plastid inner membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to its stromal surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
35455 response to interferon-alpha P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-alpha stimulus. Interferon-alpha is a type I interferon.
35456 response to interferon-beta P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-beta stimulus. Interferon-beta is a type I interferon.
35457 cellular response to interferon-alpha P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-alpha stimulus. Interferon-alpha is a type I interferon.
35458 cellular response to interferon-beta P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-beta stimulus. Interferon-beta is a type I interferon.
35459 cargo loading into vesicle P The formation of a macromolecular complex between the coat proteins and proteins and/or lipoproteins that are going to be transported by a vesicle.
35460 L-ascorbate 6-phosphate lactonase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-ascorbate 6-phosphate + H2O = 3-keto-L-gulonate 6-phosphate.
35461 vitamin transmembrane transport P The process in which a vitamin is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A vitamin is one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body.
35462 determination of left/right asymmetry in diencephalon P The establishment of the diencephalon with respect to the left and right halves.
35463 transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway involved in determination of left/right asymmetry P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to determination of organismal asymmetry with respect to the left and right halves.
35464 regulation of transforming growth factor receptor beta signaling pathway involved in determination of left/right asymmetry P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of activity of any TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway that is involved in the determination of organismal asymmetry with regard to its left and right halves.
35469 determination of pancreatic left/right asymmetry P Determination of the asymmetric location of the pancreas with respect to the left and right halves of the organism.
35470 positive regulation of vascular wound healing P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to damaged vasculature.
35471 luteinizing hormone signaling pathway involved in ovarian follicle development P The series of molecular signals initiated by luteinizing hormone binding to a receptor, where the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that contribute to progression of the ovarian follicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
35472 choriogonadotropin hormone receptor activity F Combining with the choriogonadotropin hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.
35473 lipase binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any lipase.
35474 selective angioblast sprouting P The segregation of angioblasts into discrete arterial and venous vessels from one common precursor vessel.
35475 angioblast cell migration involved in selective angioblast sprouting P The directional migration of angioblast cells as part of selective angioblast sprouting, which results in angioblast segregation into arterial and venous populations.
35476 angioblast cell migration P The orderly movement of angioblasts, cells involved in blood vessel morphogenesis.
35477 regulation of angioblast cell migration involved in selective angioblast sprouting P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of angioblast cell migration involved in selective angioblast sprouting.
35478 chylomicron binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a chylomicron, a large lipoprotein particle (diameter 75-1200 nm) composed of a central core of triglycerides and cholesterol surrounded by a protein-phospholipid coating. The proteins include one molecule of apolipoprotein B-48 and may include a variety of apolipoproteins, including APOAs, APOCs and APOE.
35479 angioblast cell migration from lateral mesoderm to midline P The directed movement of angioblasts from the lateral mesoderm to the midline which occurs as part of the formation of the early midline vasculature.
35480 regulation of Notch signaling pathway involved in heart induction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell that contributes to heart induction.
35481 positive regulation of Notch signaling pathway involved in heart induction P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell that contributes to heart induction.
35482 gastric motility P The spontaneous peristaltic movements of the stomach that aid in digestion, moving food through the stomach and out through the pyloric sphincter into the duodenum.
35483 gastric emptying P The process in which the liquid and liquid-suspended solid contents of the stomach exit through the pylorus into the duodenum.
35484 adenine/adenine mispair binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded DNA containing an A/A mispair.
35485 adenine/guanine mispair binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded DNA containing an A/G mispair.
35486 cytosine/cytosine mispair binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded DNA containing a C/C mispair.
35487 thymine/thymine mispair binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded DNA containing a T/T mispair.
35488 cytosine/thymine mispair binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded DNA containing a C/T mispair.
35489 guanine/guanine mispair binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded DNA containing a G/G mispair.
35490 regulation of leukotriene production involved in inflammatory response P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the synthesis or release of any leukotriene following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response.
35491 positive regulation of leukotriene production involved in inflammatory response P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the synthesis or release of any leukotriene following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response.
35492 negative regulation of leukotriene production involved in inflammatory response P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the synthesis or release of any leukotriene following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response.
35493 SNARE complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a SNARE complex, a protein complex involved in membrane fusion; a stable ternary complex consisting of a four-helix bundle, usually formed from one R-SNARE and three Q-SNAREs with an ionic layer sandwiched between hydrophobic layers.
35494 SNARE complex disassembly P The disaggregation of the SNARE protein complex into its constituent components. The SNARE complex is a protein complex involved in membrane fusion; a stable ternary complex consisting of a four-helix bundle, usually formed from one R-SNARE and three Q-SNAREs with an ionic layer sandwiched between hydrophobic layers.
35495 regulation of SNARE complex disassembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of disassembly of the SNARE complex. The SNARE complex is a protein complex involved in membrane fusion; a stable ternary complex consisting of a four-helix bundle, usually formed from one R-SNARE and three Q-SNAREs with an ionic layer sandwiched between hydrophobic layers.
35496 lipopolysaccharide-1,5-galactosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + lipopolysaccharide = UDP + 1,5 alpha-D-galactosyl-lipopolysaccharide.
35497 cAMP response element binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the cyclic AMP response element (CRE), a short palindrome-containing sequence found in the promoters of genes whose expression is regulated in response to cyclic AMP.
35498 carnosine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving the dipeptide beta-alanyl-L-histidine (carnosine).
35499 carnosine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the dipeptide beta-alanyl-L-histidine (carnosine).
35500 MH2 domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the MH2 (MAD homology 2) domain of a protein. The MH2 domain is found at the carboxy terminus of MAD related proteins such as Smads. The MH2 domain mediates interaction with a wide variety of proteins and provides specificity and selectivity to Smad function and also is critical for mediating interactions in Smad oligomers.
35501 MH1 domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the MH1 (MAD homology 1) domain of a protein. The MH1 domain is found at the amino terminus of MAD related proteins such as Smads and can mediate DNA binding in some proteins. Smads also use the MH1 domain to interact with some transcription factors.
35502 metanephric part of ureteric bud development P The development of the portion of the ureteric bud tube that contributes to the morphogenesis of the metanephros.
35503 ureter part of ureteric bud development P The development of the portion of the ureteric bud that contributes to the morphogenesis of the ureter. The ureter ureteric bud is the initial structure that forms the ureter.
35504 regulation of myosin light chain kinase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myosin light chain kinase activity.
35505 positive regulation of myosin light chain kinase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myosin light chain kinase activity.
35506 negative regulation of myosin light chain kinase activity P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myosin light chain kinase activity.
35507 regulation of myosin-light-chain-phosphatase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myosin-light-chain-phosphatase activity.
35508 positive regulation of myosin-light-chain-phosphatase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myosin-light-chain-phosphatase activity.
35509 negative regulation of myosin-light-chain-phosphatase activity P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myosin-light-chain-phosphatase activity.
35510 DNA dealkylation P The removal of an alkyl group from one or more nucleotides within an DNA molecule.
35511 oxidative DNA demethylation P Removal of the methyl group from one or more nucleotides within a DNA molecule involving the oxidation (i.e. electron loss) of one or more atoms.
35512 hydrolytic DNA demethylation P The hydrolytic removal of the methyl group from one or more nucleotides within a DNA molecule.
35513 oxidative RNA demethylation P The removal of the methyl group from one or more nucleotides within an RNA molecule involving oxidation (i.e. electron loss) of one or more atoms.
35514 DNA demethylase activity F Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from one or more nucleosides within a DNA molecule.
35515 oxidative RNA demethylase activity F Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from one or more nucleosides within a RNA molecule involving the oxidation (i.e. electron loss) of one or more atoms.
35516 oxidative DNA demethylase activity F Catalysis of the removal of the methyl group from one or more nucleotides within a DNA molecule involving the oxidation (i.e. electron loss) of one or more atoms.
35517 PR-DUB complex C A multimeric protein complex that removes monoubiquitin from histone H2A. In Drosophila and mammals, the core of the complex is composed of Calypso/BAP1 and Asx/ASXL1, respectively.
35518 histone H2A monoubiquitination P The modification of histone H2A by addition of a single ubiquitin group.
35519 protein K29-linked ubiquitination P A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 29 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein. K29-linked ubiquitination targets the substrate protein for degradation.
35520 monoubiquitinated protein deubiquitination P The removal of the ubiquitin group from a monoubiquitinated protein.
35521 monoubiquitinated histone deubiquitination P The removal of the ubiquitin group from a monoubiquitinated histone protein.
35522 monoubiquitinated histone H2A deubiquitination P The removal of the ubiquitin group from a monoubiquitinated histone H2A protein.
35523 protein K29-linked deubiquitination P A protein deubiquitination process in which a K29-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 29 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein.
35524 proline transmembrane transport P The directed movement of proline, pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
35525 NF-kappaB p50/p65 complex C A heterodimer of NF-kappa B p50 and p65 subunits.
35526 retrograde transport, plasma membrane to Golgi P The directed movement of substances from the plasma membrane back to the trans-Golgi network, mediated by vesicles.
35527 3-hydroxypropionate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypropanoate + NADP+ = 3-oxopropanoate + H+ + NADPH.
35528 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine biosynthesis involved in chitin biosynthesis P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylglucosamine in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate, that contribute to the biosynthesis of chitin.
35529 NADH pyrophosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + H2O = AMP + NMNH + 2 H+.
35530 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6 production P The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6 (CCL6) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
35531 regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6 production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6 (CCL6).
35532 negative regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6 production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6 (CCL6).
35533 positive regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6 production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6 (CCL6).
35534 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6 secretion P The regulated release of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6 (CCL6) from a cell.
35535 regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6 secretion P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the regulated release of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6 (CCL6) from a cell.
35536 negative regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6 secretion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the regulated release of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6 (CCL6) from a cell.
35537 positive regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6 secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the regulated release of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6 (CCL6) from a cell.
35538 carbohydrate response element binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the carbohydrate response element (ChoRE) found in the promoters of genes whose expression is regulated in response to carbohydrates, such as the triglyceride synthesis genes.
35539 8-oxo-7,8-dihydrodeoxyguanosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 8-oxo-7,8-dihydrodeoxyguanosine-triphosphate + H2O = 8-oxo-7,8-dihydrodeoxyguanosine phosphate + diphosphate. 8-oxo-7,8-dihydrodeoxyguanosine-triphosphate, or 8-oxo-dGTP, is the oxidised form of the free guanine nucleotide and can act as a potent mutagenic substrate for DNA synthesis causing transversion mutations. 8-oxo-dGTPase hydrolyses 8-oxo-dGTP to its monophosphate form to prevent the misincorporation of 8-oxo-dGTP into cellular DNA.
35540 positive regulation of SNARE complex disassembly P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of disassembly of the SNARE complex. The SNARE complex is a protein complex involved in membrane fusion; a stable ternary complex consisting of a four-helix bundle, usually formed from one R-SNARE and three Q-SNAREs with an ionic layer sandwiched between hydrophobic layers.
35541 negative regulation of SNARE complex disassembly P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of disassembly of the SNARE complex. The SNARE complex is a protein complex involved in membrane fusion; a stable ternary complex consisting of a four-helix bundle, usually formed from one R-SNARE and three Q-SNAREs with an ionic layer sandwiched between hydrophobic layers.
35542 regulation of SNARE complex assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of assembly of the SNARE complex. The SNARE complex is a protein complex involved in membrane fusion; a stable ternary complex consisting of a four-helix bundle, usually formed from one R-SNARE and three Q-SNAREs with an ionic layer sandwiched between hydrophobic layers.
35543 positive regulation of SNARE complex assembly P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of assembly of the SNARE complex. The SNARE complex is a protein complex involved in membrane fusion; a stable ternary complex consisting of a four-helix bundle, usually formed from one R-SNARE and three Q-SNAREs with an ionic layer sandwiched between hydrophobic layers.
35544 negative regulation of SNARE complex assembly P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of assembly of the SNARE complex. The SNARE complex is a protein complex involved in membrane fusion; a stable ternary complex consisting of a four-helix bundle, usually formed from one R-SNARE and three Q-SNAREs with an ionic layer sandwiched between hydrophobic layers.
35545 determination of left/right asymmetry in nervous system P The establishment of the nervous system with respect to the left and right halves.
35546 interferon-beta secretion P The regulated release of interferon-beta from a cell.
35547 regulation of interferon-beta secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-beta secretion.
35548 negative regulation of interferon-beta secretion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-beta secretion.
35549 positive regulation of interferon-beta secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-beta secretion.
35550 urease complex C A multiprotein nickel-containing complex that possesses urease activity (catalysis of the hydrolysis of urea to ammonia and carbon dioxide).
35551 protein initiator methionine removal involved in protein maturation P Removal of the initiating methionine or formylmethionine residue from a protein that contributes to protein maturation, the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein.
35552 oxidative single-stranded DNA demethylation P Removal of the methyl group from one or more nucleotides within a single-stranded DNA molecule involving the oxidation (i.e. electron loss) of one or more atoms.
35553 oxidative single-stranded RNA demethylation P Removal of the methyl group from one or more nucleotides within a single-stranded RNA molecule involving the oxidation (i.e. electron loss) of one or more atoms.
35554 termination of Roundabout signal transduction P The signaling process in which signaling from the receptor ROBO is brought to an end, rather than being reversibly modulated.
35556 intracellular signal transduction P The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell, which become activated themselves to further propagate the signal and finally trigger a change in the function or state of the cell.
35560 pheophoridase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: pheophorbide a + H2O = pyropheophorbide a + methanol + CO2. The reaction occurs in two steps; pheophoridase catalyzes the conversion of pheophorbide a to a precursor of pyropheophorbide a, C-13(2)-carboxylpyropheophorbide a, by demethylation, and then the precursor is decarboxylated non-enzymatically to yield pyropheophorbide a.
35561 regulation of chromatin binding P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin binding. Chromatin binding is the selective interaction with chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase.
35562 negative regulation of chromatin binding P Any process that stops or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin binding. Chromatin binding is the selective interaction with chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase.
35563 positive regulation of chromatin binding P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin binding. Chromatin binding is the selective interaction with chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase.
35564 regulation of kidney size P Any process that modulates the size of a kidney.
35565 regulation of pronephros size P Any process that modulates the size of a pronephric kidney.
35566 regulation of metanephros size P Any process that modulates the size of a metanephric kidney.
35567 non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via effectors other than beta-catenin.
35568 N-terminal peptidyl-proline methylation P The methylation of the N-terminal proline of proteins.
35570 N-terminal peptidyl-serine methylation P The methylation of the N-terminal serine of proteins.
35571 N-terminal peptidyl-serine monomethylation P The monomethylation of the N-terminal serine of proteins to form the derivative N-methylserine.
35572 N-terminal peptidyl-serine dimethylation P The dimethylation of the N-terminal serine of proteins to form the derivative N,N-dimethylserine.
35573 N-terminal peptidyl-serine trimethylation P The trimethylation of the N-terminal serine of proteins to form the derivative N,N,N-trimethylserine.
35574 histone H4-K20 demethylation P The modification of histone H4 by the removal of a methyl group from lysine at position 20 of the histone.
35575 histone demethylase activity (H4-K20 specific) F Catalysis of the reaction: histone H4 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 20) + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = histone H4 L-lysine (position 20) + succinate + formaldehyde + CO2. This reaction is the removal of a methyl group from lysine at position 20 of the histone H4 protein.
35576 retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway involved in pronephric field specification P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a retinoic acid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that results in regions of the embryo being delineated into the area in which the pronephric kidney will develop.
35577 azurophil granule membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding an azurophil granule, a primary lysosomal granule found in neutrophil granulocytes that contains a wide range of hydrolytic enzymes and is released into the extracellular fluid.
35578 azurophil granule lumen C The volume enclosed by the membrane of an azurophil granule, a primary lysosomal granule found in neutrophil granulocytes that contains a wide range of hydrolytic enzymes and is released into the extracellular fluid.
35579 specific granule membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a specific granule, a granule with a membranous, tubular internal structure, found primarily in mature neutrophil cells. Most are released into the extracellular fluid. Specific granules contain lactoferrin, lysozyme, vitamin B12 binding protein and elastase.
35580 specific granule lumen C The volume enclosed by the membrane of a specific granule, a granule with a membranous, tubular internal structure, found primarily in mature neutrophil cells. Most are released into the extracellular fluid. Specific granules contain lactoferrin, lysozyme, vitamin B12 binding protein and elastase.
35581 sequestering of extracellular ligand from receptor P The process of binding or confining an extracellular signaling ligand, such that the ligand is unable to bind to its cell surface receptor.
35582 sequestering of BMP in extracellular matrix P Confining a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) to the extracellular matrix (ECM), such that it is separated from other components of the signaling pathway, including its cell surface receptor. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are secreted as homodimers, non-covalently associated with N-terminal pro-peptides, and are targeted to the extracellular matrix through interaction with matrix proteins.
35583 sequestering of TGFbeta in extracellular matrix P Confining TGFbeta to the extracellular matrix (ECM) such that it is separated from other components of the signaling pathway, including its cell surface receptor. TGFbeta is secreted as part of a latent complex that is targeted to the extracellular matrix through latent-TGFbeta-binding protein (LTBP)-mediated association with matrix proteins.
35584 calcium-mediated signaling using intracellular calcium source P A series of molecular signals in which a cell uses calcium ions released from an intracellular store to convert a signal into a response.
35585 calcium-mediated signaling using extracellular calcium source P A series of molecular signals in which a cell uses calcium ions imported from an extracellular source to convert a signal into a response.
35586 purinergic receptor activity F Combining with a purine or purine derivative (purine nucleoside or purine nucleotide) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. A nucleotide is a compound that consists of a nucleoside esterified with a phosphate molecule.
35587 purinergic receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a receptor binding to an extracellular purine or purine derivative to initiate a change in cell activity.
35588 G-protein coupled purinergic receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a receptor binding to an extracellular purine or purine derivative and transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex to initiate a change in cell activity.
35589 G-protein coupled purinergic nucleotide receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a receptor binding to an extracellular purine nucleotide and transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex to initiate a change in cell activity.
35590 purinergic nucleotide receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a receptor binding to an extracellular purine nucleotide to initiate a change in cell activity.
35591 signaling adaptor activity F The binding activity of a molecule that brings together two or more molecules in a signaling pathway, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way. Adaptor molecules themselves do not have catalytic activity.
35592 establishment of protein localization to extracellular region P The directed movement of a protein to a specific location within the extracellular region.
35593 positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway by establishment of Wnt protein localization to extracellular region P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway by the directed movement of a Wnt protein within the extracellular region.
35594 ganglioside binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a ganglioside, a ceramide oligosaccharide carrying in addition to other sugar residues, one or more sialic acid residues.
35595 N-acetylglucosaminylinositol deacetylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside + acetate. This reaction is the hydrolysis of an acetyl group from N-acetylglucosaminylinositol.
35596 methylthiotransferase activity F Catalysis of the addition of a methylthioether group (-SCH3) to a nucleic acid or protein acceptor.
35597 N6-isopentenyladenosine methylthiotransferase activity F Catalysis of the methylthiolation (-SCH3 addition) at the C2 of the adenosine ring of N6-isopentenyladenosine (i6A) in tRNA, to form 2-methylthio-N6-isopentenyladenosine (ms2i6A).
35598 N6-threonylcarbomyladenosine methylthiotransferase activity F Catalysis of the methylthiolation (-SCH3 addition) at the C2 of the adenosine ring of N6-threonylcarbomyladenosine (t6A) in tRNA, to form 2-methylthio-N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine (ms2t6A).
35599 aspartic acid methylthiotransferase activity F Catalysis of the methylthiolation (-SCH3 addition) of the beta-carbon of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-L-beta-methylthioaspartic acid.
35600 tRNA methylthiolation P The addition of a methylthioether group (-SCH3) to a nucleotide in a tRNA molecule.
35601 protein deacylation P The removal of an acyl group, any group or radical of the form RCO- where R is an organic group, from a protein amino acid.
35602 fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of apoptotic process in bone marrow P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands, which stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process in the bone marrow.
35603 fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in hemopoiesis P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands, which contributes to hemopoiesis.
35604 fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of cell proliferation in bone marrow P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands, which activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in the bone marrow.
35605 peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a nitric oxide (NO) group to a sulphur atom within a cysteine residue of a protein.
35606 peptidyl-cysteine S-trans-nitrosylation P Transfer of a nitric oxide (NO) group from one cysteine residue to another.
35607 fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in orbitofrontal cortex development P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor-type receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands, which contributes to the progression of the orbitofrontal cortex over time from its initial formation until its mature state.
35608 protein deglutamylation P The removal of a glutamate residue from a protein. Glutamate residues in proteins can be gene-encoded, or added as side chains during the protein modification process of polyglutamylation.
35609 C-terminal protein deglutamylation P The removal of a C-terminal, gene-encoded glutamate residue from a protein.
35610 protein side chain deglutamylation P The removal of a glutamate residue from the side chain of a protein. Glutamate side chains are added to glutamic acid residues within the primary protein sequence during polyglutamylation.
35611 protein branching point deglutamylation P The removal of a branching point glutamate residue. A branching point glutamate connects a glutamate side chain to a gene-encoded glutamate residue.
35612 AP-2 adaptor complex binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the AP-2 adaptor complex. The AP-2 adaptor complex is a heterotetrameric AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of alpha, beta2, mu2 and sigma2 subunits and links clathrin to the membrane surface of a vesicle. In at least humans, the AP-2 complex can be heterogeneric due to the existence of multiple subunit isoforms encoded by different alpha genes (alphaA and alphaC).
35613 RNA stem-loop binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a stem-loop in an RNA molecule. An RNA stem-loop is a secondary RNA structure consisting of a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) stem and a terminal loop.
35614 snRNA stem-loop binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a stem-loop in a small nuclear RNA (snRNA). An RNA stem-loop is a secondary RNA structure consisting of a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) stem and a terminal loop.
35615 clathrin adaptor activity F The binding activity of a molecule that brings together clathrin and one or more other molecules, permitting them to function in a coordinated way.
35616 histone H2B conserved C-terminal lysine deubiquitination P A histone deubiquitination process in which a ubiquitin monomer is removed from a conserved lysine residue in the C-terminus of histone H2B. The conserved lysine residue is K119 in fission yeast, K123 in budding yeast, or K120 in mammals.
35617 stress granule disassembly P The disaggregation of a stress granule into its constituent protein and RNA parts.
35618 root hair C A long, thin projection from a root epidermal cell that contains F-actin and tubulin, and a cell wall.
35619 root hair tip C The tip portion of an outgrowth of a root epidermal cell.
35620 ceramide transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of ceramides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Ceramides are a class of lipid composed of sphingosine linked to a fatty acid.
35621 ER to Golgi ceramide transport P The directed movement of a ceramide from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi. Ceramides are a class of lipid composed of sphingosine linked to a fatty acid.
35622 intrahepatic bile duct development P The progression of the intrahepatic bile ducts over time, from their formation to the mature structure. Intrahepatic bile ducts (bile ducts within the liver) collect bile from bile canaliculi in the liver, and connect to the extrahepatic bile ducts (bile ducts outside the liver).
35623 renal glucose absorption P A renal system process in which glucose is taken up from the collecting ducts and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures.
35624 receptor transactivation P The process in which a receptor is activated by another receptor. Receptor transactivation can occur through different mechanisms and includes cross-talk between signaling pathways where one receptor activates a receptor for a different ligand, and also activation of subunits within a receptor oligomer.
35625 epidermal growth factor-activated receptor transactivation by G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway P The process in which an epidermal growth factor-activated receptor is activated via signaling events from a G-protein coupled receptor. This is an example of cross-talk between the EGF and GPCR signaling pathways.
35626 juvenile hormone mediated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of juvenile hormone to a receptor, and ending with regulation of cell state or activity.
35627 ceramide transport P The directed movement of ceramides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Ceramides are a class of lipid composed of sphingosine linked to a fatty acid.
35628 cystic duct development P The progression of the cystic duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cystic duct runs from the gall bladder to the common bile duct.
35629 N-terminal protein amino acid N-linked glycosylation P Addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit via a nitrogen (N) atom of the N-terminal amino acid of a protein.
35630 bone mineralization involved in bone maturation P The deposition of hydroxyapatite, involved in the progression of the skeleton from its formation to its mature state.
35631 CD40 receptor complex C A protein complex that contains at least CD40 (a cell surface receptor of the tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily), and other signaling molecules.
35632 mitochondrial prohibitin complex C A complex composed of two proteins, prohibitin 1 and prohibitin 2 (PHB1/PHB-1 and PHB2/PHB-2) that is highly conserved amongst eukaryotes and associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane. The mitochondrial prohibitin complex is a macromolecular supercomplex composed of repeating heterodimeric subunits of PHB1 and PHB2. The mitochondrial prohibitin complex plays a role in a number of biological processes, including mitochondrial biogenesis and function, development, replicative senescence, and cell death.
35633 maintenance of permeability of blood-brain barrier P Preserving the permeability barrier between the blood and the brain in a stable functional or structural state. The cells in the brain are packed tightly together preventing the passage of most molecules from the blood into the brain. Only lipid soluble molecules or those that are actively transported can pass through the blood-brain barrier.
35634 response to stilbenoid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of exposure to a stilbenoid. Stilbenoids are secondary products of heartwood formation in trees that can act as phytoalexins. Stilbenoids are hydroxylated derivatives of stilbene. They belong to the family of phenylpropanoids and share most of their biosynthesis pathway with chalcones.
35635 entry of bacterium into host cell P The process in which a bacterium enters a host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
35636 multi-organism signaling P The transfer of information between living organisms.
35637 multicellular organismal signaling P The transfer of information occurring at the level of a multicellular organism.
35638 signal maturation P Any process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a signal. A signal is a physical entity or change in state that is used to transfer information to trigger a response, and is functional when it can activate a receptor.
35639 purine ribonucleoside triphosphate binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a purine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.
35640 exploration behavior P The specific behavior of an organism in response to a novel environment or stimulus.
35641 locomotory exploration behavior P The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to a novel environment.
35642 histone methyltransferase activity (H3-R17 specific) F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H3)-arginine (position 17) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H3)-N-methyl-arginine (position 17). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to arginine at position 17 of histone H3.
35643 L-DOPA receptor activity F Combining with L-DOPA to initiate a change in cell activity. L-DOPA is the modified amino acid (2S)-2-amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid, and is the precursor to dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine.
35644 phosphoanandamide dephosphorylation P The process of removing one or more phosphate groups from a phosphorylated anandamide.
35645 enteric smooth muscle cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell of the intestine.
35646 endosome to melanosome transport P The directed movement of substances from endosomes to the melanosome, a specialised lysosome-related organelle.
35647 3-oxo-delta(4,5)-steroid 5-beta-reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-oxo-delta-4,5-steroid + NADPH + H(+) = a 5-beta-3-oxo-steroid + NADP(+).
35648 circadian mating behavior P The fluctuation in mating behavior that occurs over an approximately 24 hour cycle.
35649 Nrd1 complex C A complex that functions in transcription termination of RNA polymerase II transcribed non-coding RNAs. This complex interacts with the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of PolII and the terminator sequences in the nascent RNA transcript. In yeast this complex consists of Nrd1p, Nab3p, and Sen1p.
35650 AP-1 adaptor complex binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the AP-1 adaptor complex. The AP-1 adaptor complex is a heterotetrameric AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of beta1, gamma, mu1 and sigma1 subunits and links clathrin to the membrane surface of a vesicle. In at least humans, the AP-1 complex can be heterogeneric due to the existence of multiple subunit isoforms encoded by different genes (gamma1 and gamma2, mu1A and mu1B, and sigma1A, sigma1B and sigma1C).
35651 AP-3 adaptor complex binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the AP-3 adaptor complex. The AP-3 adaptor complex is a heterotetrameric AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of beta3, delta, mu3 and sigma3 subunits and is found associated with endosomal membranes. In at least humans, the AP-3 complex can be heterogeneric due to the existence of multiple subunit isoforms encoded by different genes (beta3A and beta3B, mu3A and mu3B, and sigma3A and sigma3B).
35652 cargo loading into clathrin-coated vesicle P Formation of a macromolecular complex between the cytoplasmic coat proteins on clathrin-coated vesicles and proteins and/or lipoproteins that are going to be transported by a vesicle.
35653 cargo loading into clathrin-coated vesicle, AP-1-mediated P Formation of a macromolecular complex between proteins of the AP-1 adaptor complex and proteins and/or lipoproteins that are going to be transported by a clathrin-coated vesicle. The AP-1 adaptor protein complex is a component of the cytoplasmic coat found on clathrin-coated vesicles, and binds to sorting signals of cargo to facilitate their trafficking.
35654 cargo loading into clathrin-coated vesicle, AP-3-mediated P Formation of a macromolecular complex between proteins of the AP-3 adaptor complex and proteins and/or lipoproteins that are going to be transported by a clathrin-coated vesicle. In some cases, the AP-3 complex is a heterotetrameric AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that, in some organisms, links clathrin to the membrane surface of a vesicle.
35655 interleukin-18-mediated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-18 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
35656 kinesin-associated melanosomal adaptor activity F The activity of linking kinesins, cytoplasmic proteins responsible for moving vesicles and organelles towards the distal end of microtubules, to melanosomes.
35657 eRF1 methyltransferase complex C A protein complex required for the methylation of a glutamine (Gln) residue in the protein release factor eRF1. In S. cerevisiae, this complex consists of at least Trm112p and Mtq2p.
35658 Mon1-Ccz1 complex C A protein complex that functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) and converts Rab-GDP to Rab-GTP. In S. cerevisiae, this complex consists of at least Mon1 and Ccz1, and serves as a GEF for the Rab Ypt7p.
35659 Wnt signaling pathway involved in wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of a cell in the epidermis that contributes to the migration of an epidermal cell along or through a wound gap to reestablish a continuous epidermis.
35660 MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a toll-like 4 receptor, where the MyD88 adaptor molecule mediates transduction of the signal. Toll-like 4 receptors bind bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to initiate an innate immune response.
35661 MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a toll-like 2 receptor where the MyD88 adaptor molecule mediates transduction of the signal. Toll-like 2 receptors are pattern recognition receptors that bind microbial pattern motifs to initiate an innate immune response.
35662 Toll-like receptor 4 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a Toll-like 4 protein, a pattern recognition receptor that binds bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to initiate an innate immune response.
35663 Toll-like receptor 2 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a Toll-like 2 protein, a pattern recognition receptor that binds microbial pattern motifs to initiate an innate immune response.
35664 TIRAP-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a toll-like receptor where the TIRAP/MAL adaptor mediates transduction of the signal. Toll-like receptors directly bind pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate innate immune response.
35665 TIRAP-dependent toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a toll-like receptor 4 where the TIRAP/MAL adaptor mediates transduction of the signal. Toll-like 4 receptors are pattern recognition receptors that bind bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to initiate an innate immune response.
35666 TRIF-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a toll-like receptor where the TRIF adaptor mediates transduction of the signal. Toll-like receptors directly bind pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate innate immune response.
35667 TRIF-dependent toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a toll-like 4 receptor where the TRIF adaptor mediates transduction of the signal. Toll-like 4 receptors are pattern recognition receptors that bind bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to initiate an innate immune response.
35668 TRAM-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a toll-like receptor where the TRAM adaptor mediates transduction of the signal. Toll-like receptors directly bind pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate innate immune response.
35669 TRAM-dependent toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a toll-like receptor 4 where the TRAM adaptor mediates transduction of the signal. Toll-like 4 receptors are pattern recognition receptors that bind bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to initiate an innate immune response.
35670 plant-type ovary development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an ovary that produces an ovule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ovary is the enlarged basal portion of a carpel and matures into a fruit. An ovule is the multicellular structure that gives rise to and contains the female reproductive cells, and develops into a seed.
35671 enone reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an enone + NADPH + H+ = a ketone + NADP+.
35672 oligopeptide transmembrane transport P The directed movement of an oligopeptide across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Oligopeptides are molecules that contain a small number (2 to 20) of amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages.
35673 oligopeptide transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of oligopeptides from one side of the membrane to the other.
35674 tricarboxylic acid transmembrane transport P The process in which tricarboxylic acids are transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
35675 neuromast hair cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuromast hair cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuromast hair cell is a hair cell that acts as a sensory receptor of the neuromast; it is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.
35676 anterior lateral line neuromast hair cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an anterior lateral line neuromast hair cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuromast hair cell is a hair cell that acts as a sensory receptor of the neuromast; it is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.
35677 posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuromast hair cell is a hair cell that acts as a sensory receptor of the neuromast; it is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.
35678 neuromast hair cell morphogenesis P The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when a neuromast hair cell progresses from its initial formation to its mature state. A neuromast hair cell is a hair cell that acts as a sensory receptor of the neuromast; it is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface.
35679 anterior lateral line neuromast hair cell morphogenesis P The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when an anterior lateral line neuromast hair cell progresses from its initial formation to its mature state. A neuromast hair cell is a hair cell that acts as a sensory receptor of the neuromast; it is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface.
35680 posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell morphogenesis P The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when a posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell progresses from its initial formation to its mature state. A neuromast hair cell is a hair cell that acts as a sensory receptor of the neuromast; it is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface.
35681 toll-like receptor 15 signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to toll-like receptor 15.
35682 toll-like receptor 21 signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to toll-like receptor 21.
35683 memory T cell extravasation P The migration of a memory T cell from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue. A memory T cell is a distinctly differentiated long-lived T cell that has the phenotype CD45RO-positive and CD127-positive.
35684 helper T cell extravasation P The migration of a helper T cell from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue. A helper T-cell is an effector T cell that provides help in the form of secreted cytokines to other immune cells.
35685 helper T cell diapedesis P The passage of a helper T cell between the tight junctions of endothelial cells lining blood vessels, typically the fourth and final step of cellular extravasation.
35686 sperm fibrous sheath C A cytoskeletal structure surrounding the axoneme and outer dense fibers of the sperm flagellum. Consists of two longitudinal columns connected by closely arrayed semicircular ribs that assemble from distal to proximal throughout spermiogenesis. The fibrous sheath probably influences the degree of flexibility, plane of flagellar motion, and the shape of the flagellar beat.
35687 T-helper 1 cell extravasation P The migration of a T-helper 1 cell from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue. A T-helper 1 cell is a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has the phenotype T-bet-positive and produces interferon-gamma.
35688 T-helper 1 cell diapedesis P The passage of a T-helper 1 cell between the tight junctions of endothelial cells lining blood vessels, typically the fourth and final step of cellular extravasation. A T-helper 1 cell is a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has the phenotype T-bet-positive and produces interferon-gamma.
35689 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the chemokine CCL5 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
35690 cellular response to drug P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease.
35691 macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of macrophage migration inhibitory factor to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
35692 macrophage migration inhibitory factor receptor complex C A protein complex that binds macrophage migration inhibitory factor. Comprises CD74 and CD44 cell surface proteins.
35693 NOS2-CD74 complex C A protein complex comprising nitric oxide synthase 2 and CD74. This stable complex formation is thought to prevent CD74 degradation by caspases.
35694 mitochondrial protein catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a mitochondrial protein. This process is necessary to maintain the healthy state of mitochondria and is thought to occur via the induction of an intramitochondrial lysosome-like organelle that acts to eliminate the damaged oxidised mitochondrial proteins without destroying the mitochondrial structure.
35695 mitophagy by induced vacuole formation P The process in which cells degrade mitochondria by inducing a vacuole-like structure which directly engulfs and degrades the unhealthy mitochondria by accumulating lysosomes.
35696 monocyte extravasation P The migration of a monocyte from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.
35697 CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell extravasation P The migration of a CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.
35698 CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell extravasation P The migration of a CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.
35699 T-helper 17 cell extravasation P The migration of a T-helper 17 cell from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.
35700 astrocyte chemotaxis P The directed movement of an astrocyte guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).
35701 hematopoietic stem cell migration P The orderly movement of a hematopoietic stem cell from one site to another. A hematopoietic stem cell is a cell from which all cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages develop, including blood cells and cells of the immune system.
35702 monocyte homeostasis P The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of monocytes such that the total number of monocytes within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.
35703 monocyte migration into blood stream P The movement of a monocyte from the bone marrow to the blood stream.
35704 helper T cell chemotaxis P The directed movement of a helper T cell in response to an external stimulus.
35705 T-helper 17 cell chemotaxis P The directed movement of a T-helper 17 cell in response to an external stimulus.
35706 T-helper 1 cell chemotaxis P The directed movement of a T-helper 1 cell in response to an external stimulus.
35707 T-helper 2 cell chemotaxis P The directed movement of a T-helper 2 cell in response to an external stimulus.
35708 interleukin-4-dependent isotype switching to IgE isotypes P The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to IgE biosynthesis, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion between switch regions that reside 5' of the IgM and IgE constant region gene segments in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus, that is dependent on the activity of interleukin 4 (IL-4).
35709 memory T cell activation P The change in morphology and behavior of a memory T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.
35710 CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation P The change in morphology and behavior of a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.
35711 T-helper 1 cell activation P The change in morphology and behavior of a T-helper 1 cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.
35712 T-helper 2 cell activation P The change in morphology and behavior of a T helper 2 cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.
35713 response to nitrogen dioxide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrogen dioxide (NO2) stimulus.
35714 cellular response to nitrogen dioxide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrogen dioxide (NO2) stimulus.
35715 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2.
35716 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 12 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 12.
35717 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 7 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 7.
35718 macrophage migration inhibitory factor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the cytokine, macrophage migration inhibitory factor.
35719 tRNA import into nucleus P The directed movement of tRNA from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
35720 intraciliary anterograde transport P The directed movement of large protein complexes along microtubules from the cell body toward the tip of a cilium (also called flagellum), mediated by motor proteins.
35721 intraciliary retrograde transport P The directed movement of large protein complexes along microtubules from the tip of a cilium (also called flagellum) toward the cell body, mediated by motor proteins.
35722 interleukin-12-mediated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-12 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
35723 interleukin-15-mediated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-15 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
35724 CD24 biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD24, a CD marker and cell adhesion molecule that occurs on many B-lineage cells and mature granulocytes, and is involved in B cell activation and differentiation as well as T cell co-stimulation.
35725 sodium ion transmembrane transport P A process in which a sodium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
35726 common myeloid progenitor cell proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of common myeloid progenitor cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. A common myeloid progenitor cell is a progenitor cell committed to the myeloid lineage.
35727 lysophosphatidic acid binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a phospholipid derivative that acts as a potent mitogen due to its activation of high-affinity G-protein-coupled receptors.
35728 response to hepatocyte growth factor P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hepatocyte growth factor stimulus.
35729 cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hepatocyte growth factor stimulus.
35730 S-nitrosoglutathione binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with S-nitrosoglutathione, a nitrosothiol considered to be a natural nitric oxide (NO) donor involved in S-nitrosylation, and in the storage and transport of nitric oxide in biological systems.
35731 dinitrosyl-iron complex binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a dinitrosyl-iron complex. Nitric oxide (NO) is stored as dinitrosyl-iron complexes, which form spontaneously from Glutathione (GSH), S-nitrosoglutathione, and trace amounts of ferrous ions, or by reaction of iron-sulfur centers with NO.
35732 nitric oxide storage P The accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of nitric oxide (NO). Nitric oxide is stored in the form of dinitrosyl-iron complexes, which are stabilized, and possibly sequestered, by binding to glutathione S-transferase proteins.
35733 hepatic stellate cell activation P A change in the morphology or behavior of a hepatic stellate cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, hormone, cellular ligand or soluble factor.
35735 intraciliary transport involved in cilium assembly P The bidirectional movement of large protein complexes along microtubules within a cilium that contributes to cilium assembly.
35736 cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis P The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to compound eye morphogenesis.
35737 injection of substance in to other organism P The process of forcing a substance into another organism, either by penetrating the skin of the other organism or by applying the substance externally to a sensitive tissue such as those that surround the eyes.
35738 envenomation resulting in modification of morphology or physiology of other organism P The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the manifestation of some change or damage to the bitten organism.
35739 CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation P The expansion of a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell population by cell division.
35740 CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation P The expansion of a CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell population by cell division.
35741 activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation P The expansion of an activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell population by cell division.
35742 activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation P The expansion of an activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell population by cell division.
35743 CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell cytokine production P Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell.
35744 T-helper 1 cell cytokine production P Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a T-helper 1 cell.
35745 T-helper 2 cell cytokine production P Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a T-helper 2 cell.
35746 granzyme A production P The appearance of granzyme A due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
35747 natural killer cell chemotaxis P The directed movement of a natural killer cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).
35748 myelin sheath abaxonal region C The region of the myelin sheath furthest from the axon.
35749 myelin sheath adaxonal region C The region of the myelin sheath nearest to the axon.
35750 protein localization to myelin sheath abaxonal region P Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, the abaxonal region of the myelin sheath. The abaxonal region is the region of the myelin sheath furthest from the axon.
35751 regulation of lysosomal lumen pH P Any process that modulates the pH of the lysosomal lumen, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.
35752 lysosomal lumen pH elevation P Any process that increases the pH of the lysosomal lumen, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.
35753 maintenance of DNA trinucleotide repeats P Any process involved in sustaining the fidelity and copy number of DNA trinucleotide repeats. DNA trinucleotide repeats are naturally occurring runs of three base-pairs.
35754 B cell chemotaxis P The directed movement of a B cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).
35755 cardiolipin hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of cardiolipin (1,3-bis(3-phosphatidyl)glycerol) to form phosphatidic acid (PA).
35756 transepithelial migration of symbiont in host P The directional movement of an organism from one side of an epithelium to the other within its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
35757 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19.
35758 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21.
35759 mesangial cell-matrix adhesion P The binding of a mesangial cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules. A mesangial cell is a cell that encapsulates the capillaries and venules in the kidney.
35760 cytoplasmic polyadenylation-dependent rRNA catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways occurring in the cytoplasm and resulting in the breakdown of a ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target rRNA truncated degradation intermediate.
35761 dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve to attain its fully functional state.
35762 dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve morphogenesis P The process in which the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
35763 dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve structural organization P The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.
35764 dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve formation P The process that gives rise to the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
35765 motor neuron precursor migration involved in dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve formation P The orderly movement of a motor neuron precursor cell that contributes to formation of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve.
35766 cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor P The directed movement of a motile cell in response to the presence of fibroblast growth factor (FGF).
35767 endothelial cell chemotaxis P The directed movement of an endothelial cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).
35768 endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor P The directed movement of an endothelial cell in response to the presence of fibroblast growth factor (FGF).
35769 B cell chemotaxis across high endothelial venule P The movement of a B cell to cross a high endothelial venule in response to an external stimulus.
35770 ribonucleoprotein granule C A non-membranous macromolecular complex containing proteins and translationally silenced mRNAs. RNA granules contain proteins that control the localization, stability, and translation of their RNA cargo. Different types of RNA granules (RGs) exist, depending on the cell type and cellular conditions.
35771 interleukin-4-mediated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-4 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
35772 interleukin-13-mediated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-13 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
35773 insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus P The regulated release of proinsulin from secretory granules (B granules) in the B cells of the pancreas; accompanied by cleavage of proinsulin to form mature insulin, in response to a glucose stimulus.
35774 positive regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin that contributes to the response of a cell to glucose.
35775 pronephric glomerulus morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the pronephric glomerulus are generated and organized. The pronephric glomerulus is part of the pronephric nephron and is restricted to one body segment.
35776 pronephric proximal tubule development P The progression of the pronephric proximal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephros.
35777 pronephric distal tubule development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pronephric distal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephros.
35778 pronephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation P The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the pronephric nephron tubule as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
35779 angioblast cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of an angioblast cell. Angioblasts are one of the two products formed from hemangioblast cells (the other being pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells).
35780 CD80 biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD80, a CD marker that occurs on antigen presenting cells such as activated B cells and monocytes that provides a co-stimulatory signal necessary for T cell activation and survival.
35781 CD86 biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD86, a CD marker that occurs on antigen presenting cells that provides co-stimulatory signals necessary for T cell activation and survival.
35782 mature natural killer cell chemotaxis P The directed movement of a mature natural killer cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis). A mature natural killer cell is a natural killer cell that is developmentally mature and expresses a variety of inhibitory and activating receptors that recognize MHC class and other stress related molecules.
35783 CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell costimulation P The process of providing, via surface-bound receptor-ligand pairs, a second, antigen-independent, signal in addition to that provided by the T cell receptor to augment CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation.
35784 nickel cation homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of nickel cations within an organism or cell.
35785 cellular nickel ion homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of nickel ions at the level of a cell.
35786 protein complex oligomerization P The association of two or more multisubunit protein complexes to form dimers or other multimers of a protein complex.
35787 cell migration involved in kidney development P The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that will contribute to the progression of the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature organ.
35788 cell migration involved in metanephros development P The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that will contribute to the progression of the metanephric kidney over time, from its formation to the mature organ.
35789 metanephric mesenchymal cell migration P The orderly movement of undifferentiated metanephric mesenchymal cells (precursors to metanephric mesangial cells) from the mesenchyme into the cleft of the developing glomerulus, during development of the metanephros.
35790 platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a ligand to an alpha-type platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFalpha) on the surface of a signal-receiving cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
35791 platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a ligand to a beta-type platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFbeta) on the surface of a signal-receiving cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
35792 other organism postsynaptic membrane C A postsynaptic membrane that is part of another organism, i.e. a secondary organism with which the first organism is interacting. A postsynaptic membrane is a specialized area of membrane facing the presynaptic membrane on the tip of the nerve ending and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft). Neurotransmitters transmit the signal across the synaptic cleft to the postsynaptic membrane.
35793 positive regulation of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration by platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration as a result of the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta binding to one of its physiological ligands.
35794 positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by the mitochondrial membrane.
35795 negative regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by the mitochondrial membrane.
35796 ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex, transmembrane substrate-binding subunit-containing C A complex for the transport of metabolites into the cell, consisting of 4 subunits: a transmembrane substrate-binding protein (known as the S component), and an energy-coupling module that comprises two ATP-binding proteins (known as the A and A' components) and a transmembrane protein (known as the T component). Transport of the substrate across the membrane is driven by the hydrolysis of ATP.
35797 tellurite methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to tellurite [TeO3(2-)]. Methylated derivatives of tellurite include Te(CH3)2 (dimethyltelluride) and Te2(CH3)2 (dimethylditelluride).
35798 2-alkenal reductase (NADP+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: n-alkanal + NADP+ = alk-2-enal + NADPH + H+.
35799 ureter maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the ureter to attain its fully functional state. The ureter is a muscular tube that transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder or from the Malpighian tubule to the hindgut.
35800 deubiquitinase activator activity F Increases the activity of deubiquitinase, an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of various forms of polymeric ubiquitin sequences.
35801 adrenal cortex development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adrenal cortex over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The adrenal cortex is located at the periphery of the adrenal gland and controls glucose and electrolyte metabolism, response to stress and sexual development through the production of different classes of steroid hormones (glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and androgens).
35802 adrenal cortex formation P The process that gives rise to the adrenal cortex. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The adrenogonadal primordium from which the adrenal cortex is formed derives from a condensation of coelomic epithelial cells (the urogenital ridge; the same structure from which gonads and kidney also originate).
35803 egg coat formation P Construction of an egg coat, a specialized extracellular matrix that surrounds the ovum of animals. The egg coat provides structural support and can play an essential role in oogenesis, fertilization and early development.
35804 structural constituent of egg coat F The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of an egg coat. An egg coat is a specialized extracellular matrix that surrounds the ovum of animals. The egg coat provides structural support and can play an essential role in oogenesis, fertilization and early development.
35805 egg coat C A specialized extracellular matrix that surrounds the plasma membrane of the ovum of animals. The egg coat provides structural support and can play an essential role in oogenesis, fertilization and early development.
35806 modulation of blood coagulation in other organism P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in another organism. Blood coagulation is the sequential process in which the multiple coagulation factors of the blood interact, ultimately resulting in the formation of an insoluble fibrin clot.
35807 positive regulation of blood coagulation in other organism P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in another organism. Blood coagulation is the sequential process in which the multiple coagulation factors of the blood interact, ultimately resulting in the formation of an insoluble fibrin clot.
35808 meiotic recombination initiation complex C A protein complex that initiates the formation of double-strand breaks (DSBs) required for meiotic recombination. Consists of a protein that catalyses formation of the double-strand breaks (Spo11 in S. cerevisiae and Rec12 in S. pombe), and a number of accessory proteins.
35809 regulation of urine volume P Any process that modulates the amount of urine excreted from the body over a unit of time.
35810 positive regulation of urine volume P Any process that increases the amount of urine excreted from the body over a unit of time.
35811 negative regulation of urine volume P Any process that decreases the amount of urine excreted from the body over a unit of time.
35812 renal sodium excretion P The elimination by an organism of sodium in the urine.
35813 regulation of renal sodium excretion P Any process that modulates the amount of sodium excreted in urine over a unit of time.
35814 negative regulation of renal sodium excretion P Any process that decreases the amount of sodium excreted in urine over a unit of time.
35815 positive regulation of renal sodium excretion P Any process that increases the amount of sodium excreted in urine over a unit of time.
35816 renal water absorption involved in negative regulation of urine volume P Any process where water is taken up from the collecting ducts and proximal and distal loops of the nephron, which acts to decrease the amount of urine that is excreted from the body per unit time.
35817 renal sodium ion absorption involved in negative regulation of renal sodium excretion P Any process where sodium ions are taken up from the collecting ducts and proximal and distal loops of the nephron, which contributes to decreasing the amount of sodium that is excreted in urine per unit time.
35818 positive regulation of urine volume by pressure natriuresis P An increase in the amount of urine excreted over a unit of time, as a result of pressure natriuresis.
35819 positive regulation of renal sodium excretion by pressure natriuresis P An increase in the amount of sodium excreted in urine over a unit of time, as a result of pressure natriuresis.
35820 negative regulation of renal sodium excretion by angiotensin P The process in which angiotensin decreases the amount of sodium that is excreted in urine over a unit of time.
35821 modification of morphology or physiology of other organism P The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or processes of a second organism.
35822 gene conversion P A DNA recombination process that results in the unidirectional transfer of genetic material from a donor sequence to a highly homologous acceptor.
35823 short tract gene conversion P A gene conversion process in which a segment of about 50-200 base pairs is transferred from the donor to the acceptor.
35824 long tract gene conversion P A gene conversion process in which a segment of more than 1000 base pairs is transferred from the donor to the acceptor.
35825 reciprocal DNA recombination P A DNA recombination process that results in the equal exchange of genetic material between the recombining DNA molecules.
35826 rubidium ion transport P The directed movement of rubidium ions (Rb+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
35827 rubidium ion transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of rubidium ions (Rb+) from one side of a membrane to the other.
35828 renal rubidium ion transport P The directed movement of rubidium ions (Rb+) by the kidney.
35829 renal rubidium ion absorption P A renal system process in which rubidium ions are taken up from the collecting ducts and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures.
35830 palmatine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving palmatine, a berberine alkaloid found in many plants.
35831 palmatine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of palmatine, a berberine alkaloid found in many plants.
35832 berbamunine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving berbamunine, an isoquinoline alkaloid.
35833 berbamunine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of berbamunine, an isoquinoline alkaloid.
35834 indole alkaloid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving an indole alkaloid, an alkaloid containing an indole skeleton.
35835 indole alkaloid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an indole alkaloid, an alkaloid containing an indole skeleton.
35836 ergot alkaloid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving an ergot alkaloid, an indole alkaloid.
35837 ergot alkaloid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an ergot alkaloid.
35838 growing cell tip C The region at either end of the longest axis of a cylindrical or elongated cell, where polarized growth occurs.
35839 non-growing cell tip C A cell tip at which no growth takes place. For example, in fission yeast the cell end newly formed by cell division does not grow immediately upon its formation, and lacks actin cytoskeletal structures.
35840 old growing cell tip C A cell tip which has existed for at least one complete cell cycle, and at which polarized growth occurs. For example, in fission yeast the cell end that existed prior to cell division grows immediately after division, and contains a distinctive complement of proteins including actin cytoskeletal structures.
35841 new growing cell tip C A cell tip that was newly formed at the last cell division, and that has started to grow after the cell has activated bipolar cell growth (i.e. in which new end take-off, NETO, has taken place). New end take-off is when monopolar cells initiate bipolar growth.
35842 old cell tip after activation of bipolar cell growth C A cell tip which has existed for at least one complete cell cycle, and at which polarized growth occurs, which is part of a cell that has activated bipolar cell growth (i.e. in which new end take-off, NETO, has taken place). For example, in fission yeast the cell end that existed prior to cell division grows immediately after division, and contains a distinctive complement of proteins including actin cytoskeletal structures.
35843 endonuclear canal C A membrane-bound structure present in the nucleus of a spermatozoon. There is variation in the number of endonuclear canals between sperm of different organisms, and some species lack these structures altogether. The endonuclear canal may provide a supporting role for the sperm nucleus, and originates during spermiogenesis from an invagination of the nuclear envelope.
35844 cloaca development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cloaca over time, from it's formation to the mature structure. The cloaca is the common chamber into which intestinal, genital and urinary canals open in vertebrates.
35845 photoreceptor cell outer segment organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level and results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the outer segment of a photoreceptor cell, a sensory cell that reacts to the presence of light. The outer segment of the photoreceptor cell contains the light-absorbing materials.
35846 oviduct epithelium development P The progression of the oviduct epithelium over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. An oviduct is a tube through which an ova passes from the ovary to the uterus, or from the ovary to the outside of the organism. The oviduct epithelium is the specialized epithelium that lines the oviduct.
35847 uterine epithelium development P The progression of an epithelium of the uterus over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure.
35848 oviduct morphogenesis P The process in which anatomical structures of the oviduct are generated and organized. An oviduct is a tube through which an ova passes from the ovary to the uterus, or from the ovary to the outside of the organism.
35849 nephric duct elongation P The process in which the nephric duct grows along its axis. A nephric duct is a tube that drains a primitive kidney.
35850 epithelial cell differentiation involved in kidney development P The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of an epithelial cell that characterize the cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
35851 Krueppel-associated box domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a Krueppel-associated box (KRAB) domain of a protein. The approximately 75 amino acid KRAB domain is enriched in charged amino acids, and is found in the N-terminal regions of many zinc finger-containing transcription factors.
35852 horizontal cell localization P Any process in which a horizontal cell is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the inner nuclear layer (INL) of the retina. A horizontal cell is a neuron that laterally connects other neurons in the inner nuclear layer (INL) of the retina. Targeting of retinal neurons to the appropriate lamina is vital to establish the architecture of the retina.
35853 chromosome passenger complex localization to spindle midzone P A cellular protein complex localization that acts on a chromosome passenger complex; as a result, the complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location at the spindle midzone. A chromosome passenger complex is a protein complex that contains the BIR-domain-containing protein Survivin, Aurora B kinase, INCENP and Borealin, and coordinates various events based on its location to different structures during the course of mitosis. The spindle midzone is the area in the center of the spindle where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap.
35854 eosinophil fate commitment P The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a eosinophil cell. A eosinophil is any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte with a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by one or more slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules that are uniform in size and which can be stained by the dye eosin.
35855 megakaryocyte development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a megakaryocyte cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Megakaryocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a megakaryocyte fate. A megakaryocyte is a giant cell 50 to 100 micron in diameter, with a greatly lobulated nucleus, found in the bone marrow.
35857 eosinophil fate specification P The process involved in the specification of identity of an eosinophil cell. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment.
35858 eosinophil fate determination P The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an eosinophil cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
35859 Seh1-associated complex C A protein complex that associates dynamically with the vacuolar membrane, and is proposed to have a role in membrane-associated trafficking or regulatory processes. In S. cerevisiae the complex contains Seh1p, Sec13p, Npr2p, Npr3p, Iml1p, Mtc5p, Rtc1p, and Sea4p.
35860 glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
35861 site of double-strand break C A region of a chromosome at which a DNA double-strand break has occurred. DNA damage signaling and repair proteins accumulate at the lesion to respond to the damage and repair the DNA to form a continuous DNA helix.
35862 dITP metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving dITP (deoxyinosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyinosine 5'-triphosphate). dITP is a deoxyinosine phosphate compound having a triphosphate group at the 5'-position.
35863 dITP catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dITP, a deoxyinosine phosphate compound having a triphosphate group at the 5'-position.
35864 response to potassium ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a potassium ion stimulus.
35865 cellular response to potassium ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a potassium ion stimulus.
35866 alphav-beta3 integrin-PKCalpha complex C A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to protein kinase C alpha.
35867 alphav-beta3 integrin-IGF-1-IGF1R complex C A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R). IGF1R is a heterotetramer that consists of two alpha-subunits and two beta-subunits.
35868 alphav-beta3 integrin-HMGB1 complex C A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to high mobility group box 1 protein.
35869 ciliary transition zone C A region of the cilium between the basal body and proximal segment that is characterized by Y-shaped assemblages that connect axonemal microtubules to the ciliary membrane. The ciliary transition zone appears to function as a gate that controls ciliary membrane composition and separates the cytosol from the ciliary plasm.
35870 dITP diphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dITP + H2O = dIMP + diphosphate.
35871 protein K11-linked deubiquitination P A protein deubiquitination process in which a K11-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 11 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein.
35872 nucleotide-binding domain, leucine rich repeat containing receptor signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a nucleotide-binding domain, leucine rich repeat containing receptor (NLR) binding to one of its physiological ligands. NLRs are cytoplasmic receptors defined by their tripartite domain architecture that contains: a variable C-terminus, a middle nucleotide-binding domain, and a LRR domain that is variable in the repeats composition and number. The NLR signaling pathway begins with binding of a ligand to a NLR receptor and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process.
35873 lactate transmembrane transport P The directed movement of lactate across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Lactate is 2-hydroxypropanoate, CH3-CHOH-COOH; L(+)-lactate is formed by anaerobic glycolysis in animal tissues, and DL-lactate is found in sour milk, molasses and certain fruit juices.
35874 cellular response to copper ion starvation P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of copper ions.
35875 maintenance of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion, centromeric P The process in which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome along the length of the centromeric region is maintained as chromosomes condense, attach to the spindle in a bipolar orientation, and congress to the metaphase plate during a meiotic cell cycle.
35876 maintenance of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion, arms P The process in which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome along the length of the chromosome arms, is maintained as chromosomes condense, attach to the spindle in a bipolar orientation, and congress to the metaphase plate during a meiotic cell cycle.
35877 death effector domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a DED domain (death effector domain) of a protein, a homotypic protein interaction module composed of a bundle of six alpha-helices that is related in structure to the death domain (DD).
35878 nail development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a nail over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A nail is a horn-like envelope covering the outer end of a finger or toe, and consists of the nail plate, the nail matrix and the nail bed below it, and the grooves surrounding it.
35879 plasma membrane lactate transport P The directed movement of lactate across a plasma membrane.
35880 embryonic nail plate morphogenesis P The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of a nail plate are generated and organized. The nail plate is the hard and translucent portion of the nail, composed of keratin, and serves to protect the tips of digits.
35881 amacrine cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an amacrine cell, an interneuron generated in the inner nuclear layer (INL) of the vertebrate retina. Amacrine cells integrate, modulate, and interpose a temporal domain in the visual message presented to the retinal ganglion cells, with which they synapse in the inner plexiform layer. Amacrine cells lack large axons.
35882 defecation rhythm P The rhythmic process of defecation that consists of an intestinal oscillator which regulates calcium waves. These waves in turn control a stereotypical, three-part pattern of muscle contractions. In some organisms, defecation can recur with a regularity more frequent than every 24 hours. For example, in a well-fed Caenorhabditis elegans, the defecation motor program occurs approximately every 45 seconds, and is temperature- and touch-compensated.
35883 enteroendocrine cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of an enteroendocrine cell. Enteroendocrine cells are hormonally active epithelial cells in the gut that constitute the diffuse neuroendocrine system.
35884 arabinan biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of arabinan, a polysaccharide composed of arabinose residues.
35885 exochitinase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal 1,4-beta-linkages of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) polymers of chitin and chitodextrins. Typically, exochitinases progressively cleave off two subunits from the reducing or non-reducing ends of the chitin chain.
35886 vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a vascular smooth muscle cell.
35887 aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell surrounding the aorta.
35888 isoguanine deaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: isoguanine + H2O = xanthine + NH3.
35889 otolith tethering P The attachment of a developing otolith to the kinocilia of tether cells in the inner ear.
35890 exit from host P The directed movement of an organism out of the body, tissues or cells of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
35891 exit from host cell P The directed movement of an organism out of a cell of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
35892 modulation of platelet aggregation in other organism P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation in another organism. Platelet aggregation is the adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules.
35893 negative regulation of platelet aggregation in other organism P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation in a second organism.
35894 positive regulation of platelet aggregation in other organism P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation in another organism.
35895 modulation of mast cell degranulation in other organism P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood mast cell degranulation in another organism. Mast cell degranulation is the regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as histamine, serotonin, and neutral proteases by a mast cell.
35896 positive regulation of mast cell degranulation in other organism P Any process in which an organism increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood mast cell degranulation in another organism.
35897 proteolysis in other organism P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the hydrolysis of proteins in another organism by cleavage of their peptide bonds.
35898 parathyroid hormone secretion P The regulated release of parathyroid hormone into the circulatory system.
35899 negative regulation of blood coagulation in other organism P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in another organism. Blood coagulation is the sequential process in which the multiple coagulation factors of the blood interact, ultimately resulting in the formation of an insoluble fibrin clot.
35900 response to isolation stress P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lack of contact with other members of the same species.
35901 cellular response to isolation stress P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lack of contact with other members of the same species.
35902 response to immobilization stress P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of being rendered immobile.
35903 cellular response to immobilization stress P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of being rendered immobile.
35904 aorta development P The progression of the aorta over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. An aorta is an artery that carries blood from the heart to other parts of the body.
35905 ascending aorta development P The progression of the ascending aorta over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The ascending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system that lies between the heart and the arch of aorta. In a two-pass circulatory system blood passes twice through the heart to supply the body once.
35906 descending aorta development P The progression of the descending aorta over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The descending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system from the arch of aorta to the point where it divides into the common iliac arteries. In a two-pass circulatory system blood passes twice through the heart to supply the body once.
35907 dorsal aorta development P The progression of the dorsal aorta over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The dorsal aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries oxygenated blood from the gills to the rest of the body. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once.
35908 ventral aorta development P The progression of the ventral aorta over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The ventral aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries de-oxygenated blood from the heart to the gills. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once.
35909 aorta morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of an aorta are generated and organized. An aorta is an artery that carries blood from the heart to other parts of the body.
35910 ascending aorta morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the ascending aorta are generated and organized. The ascending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system that lies between the heart and the arch of aorta. In a two-pass circulatory system blood passes twice through the heart to supply the body once.
35911 descending aorta morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the descending aorta are generated and organized. The descending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system from the arch of aorta to the point where it divides into the common iliac arteries. In a two-pass circulatory system blood passes twice through the heart to supply the body once.
35912 dorsal aorta morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the dorsal aorta are generated and organized. The dorsal aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries oxygenated blood from the gills to the rest of the body. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once.
35913 ventral aorta morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the ventral aorta are generated and organized. The ventral aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries de-oxygenated blood from the heart to the gills. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once.
35914 skeletal muscle cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a skeletal muscle cell, a somatic cell located in skeletal muscle.
35915 pore formation in membrane of other organism P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components by an organism to form a pore complex in a membrane of another organism.
35916 modulation of calcium channel activity in other organism P Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a calcium channel in another organism.
35917 negative regulation of calcium channel activity in other organism P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a calcium channel in another organism.
35918 negative regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity in other organism P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated calcium channel in another organism. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
35919 negative regulation of low voltage-gated calcium channel activity in other organism P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a low voltage-gated calcium channel in another organism. A low voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on low voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
35920 negative regulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity in other organism P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a high voltage-gated calcium channel in another organism. A high voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on high voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
35921 desmosome disassembly P The controlled breakdown of a desmosome. A desmosome is a patch-like intercellular junction found in vertebrate tissues, consisting of parallel zones of two cell membranes, separated by an space of 25-35 nm, and having dense fibrillar plaques in the subjacent cytoplasm.
35922 foramen ovale closure P The morphogenetic process in which the foramen ovale closes after birth, to prevent blood flow between the right and left atria. In the fetal heart, the foramen ovale allows blood to enter the left atrium from the right atrium. Closure of the foramen ovale after birth stops this blood flow.
35923 flurbiprofen binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with flurbiprofen.
35924 cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus.
35925 mRNA 3'-UTR AU-rich region binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a region containing frequent adenine and uridine bases within the 3' untranslated region of a mRNA molecule.
35926 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 secretion P The regulated release of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) from a cell.
35927 RNA import into mitochondrion P The directed movement of RNA from the cytoplasm into a mitochondrion.
35928 rRNA import into mitochondrion P The directed movement of rRNA, ribosomal ribonucleic acid, from the cytoplasm into a mitochondrion.
35929 steroid hormone secretion P The regulated release of any steroid that acts as a hormone into the circulatory system.
35930 corticosteroid hormone secretion P The regulated release of any corticosteroid hormone into the circulatory system.
35931 mineralocorticoid secretion P The regulated release of any mineralocorticoid into the circulatory system. Mineralocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones that regulate water and electrolyte metabolism.
35932 aldosterone secretion P The regulated release of aldosterone into the circulatory system. Aldosterone is a pregnane-based steroid hormone produced by the outer-section (zona glomerulosa) of the adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland, and acts on the distal tubules and collecting ducts of the kidney to cause the conservation of sodium, secretion of potassium, increased water retention, and increased blood pressure. The overall effect of aldosterone is to increase reabsorption of ions and water in the kidney.
35933 glucocorticoid secretion P The regulated release of any glucocorticoid hormone into the circulatory system. Glucocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones that regulate a variety of physiological processes, in particular control of the concentration of glucose in blood.
35934 corticosterone secretion P The regulated release of corticosterone into the circulatory system. Corticosterone is a 21-carbon steroid hormone of the corticosteroid type produced in the cortex of the adrenal glands.
35935 androgen secretion P The regulated release of an androgen into the circulatory system. Androgens are steroid hormones that stimulate or control the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates.
35936 testosterone secretion P The regulated release of testosterone into the circulatory system. Testosterone is an androgen having 17beta-hydroxy and 3-oxo groups, together with unsaturation at C-4-C-5.
35937 estrogen secretion P The regulated release of estrogen into the circulatory system. Estrogen is a steroid hormone that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of female sex characteristics in mammals.
35938 estradiol secretion P The regulated release of estradiol into the circulatory system.
35939 microsatellite binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a microsatellite, a repeat_region in DNA containing repeat units (2 to 4 base pairs) that is repeated multiple times in tandem.
35940 negative regulation of peptidase activity in other organism P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of peptidase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a protein, in a second organism.
35941 androstenedione secretion P The regulated release of androstenedione (androst-4-ene-3,17-dione) into the circulatory system.
35942 dehydroepiandrosterone secretion P The regulated release of dehydroepiandrosterone (3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one) into the circulatory system.
35943 estrone secretion P The regulated release of estrone into the circulatory system.
35944 perforin production P The appearance of a perforin protein due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
35945 mitochondrial ncRNA surveillance P The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading defective or aberrant non-coding RNA transcripts (ncRNAs) within the mitochondrion.
35946 mitochondrial mRNA surveillance P The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading messenger RNA (mRNA) within the mitochondrion.
35947 regulation of gluconeogenesis by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis, by regulation of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
35948 positive regulation of gluconeogenesis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis by activating or increasing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
35949 positive regulation of gluconeogenesis by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis by stopping, preventing, or reducing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
35950 regulation of oligopeptide transport by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oligopeptide transport, by regulation of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
35951 positive regulation of oligopeptide transport by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oligopeptide transport by activating or increasing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
35952 negative regulation of oligopeptide transport by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oligopeptide transport by stopping, preventing or reducing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
35953 regulation of dipeptide transport by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dipeptide transport, by regulation of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
35954 positive regulation of dipeptide transport by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dipeptide transport by activating or increasing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
35955 negative regulation of dipeptide transport by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dipeptide transport by stopping, preventing or reducing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
35956 regulation of starch catabolic process by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the breakdown of starch, by modulating the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
35957 positive regulation of starch catabolic process by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the breakdown of starch, by activating or increasing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
35958 regulation of glyoxylate cycle by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the glyoxylate cycle by modulating the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
35959 positive regulation of glyoxylate cycle by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the glyoxylate cycle by activating or increasing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
35960 regulation of ergosterol biosynthetic process by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ergosterol biosynthetic process by modulating the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
35961 positive regulation of ergosterol biosynthetic process by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ergosterol biosynthesis by activating or increasing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
35962 response to interleukin-13 P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-13 stimulus.
35963 cellular response to interleukin-13 P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-13 stimulus.
35964 COPI-coated vesicle budding P The evagination of a Golgi membrane, resulting in formation of a COPI-coated vesicle.
35965 cardiolipin acyl-chain remodeling P Remodeling the acyl chains of premature (de novo synthesized) cardiolipin (1,3-bis(3-phosphatidyl)glycerol), through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate mature cardiolipin containing high-levels of unsaturated fatty acids.
35966 response to topologically incorrect protein P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a protein that is not folded in its correct three-dimensional structure.
35967 cellular response to topologically incorrect protein P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a protein that is not folded in its correct three-dimensional structure.
35968 regulation of sterol import by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sterol import, by regulation of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
35969 positive regulation of sterol import by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sterol import by activating or increasing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
35970 peptidyl-threonine dephosphorylation P The removal of phosphoric residues from peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine to form peptidyl-threonine.
35971 peptidyl-histidine dephosphorylation P The removal of phosphoric residues from peptidyl-O-phospho-L-histidine to form peptidyl-histidine.
35973 aggrephagy P Selective degradation of protein aggregates by macroautophagy.
35974 meiotic spindle pole body C The microtubule organizing center that forms as part of the meiotic cell cycle; functionally homologous to the animal cell centrosome.
35975 carbamoyl phosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbamoyl phosphate, an intermediate in the urea cycle and other nitrogen compound metabolic pathways.
35976 transcription factor AP-1 complex C A heterodimeric transcription factor complex composed of proteins from the c-Fos, c-Jun, activating transcription factor (ATF) or JDP families. The subunits contain a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) domain that is essential for dimerization and DNA binding. Jun-Fos heterodimers bind preferentially to a heptamer consensus sequence (TPA responsive element (TRE)), whereas Jun-ATF dimers bind the cyclic AMP responsive element (CRE) to regulate transcription of target genes.
35977 protein deglycosylation involved in glycoprotein catabolic process P The removal of sugar residues from a glycosylated protein that contributes to the breakdown of a glycoprotein.
35978 histone H2A-S139 phosphorylation P The modification of histone H2A by the addition of an phosphate group to a serine residue at position 139 of the histone.
35979 histone kinase activity (H2A-S139 specific) F Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to the serine-139 residue of the C-terminal tail of histone H2A.
35981 tongue muscle cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a tongue muscle cell.
35983 response to trichostatin A P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trichostatin A stimulus.
35984 cellular response to trichostatin A P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trichostatin A stimulus.
35985 senescence-associated heterochromatin focus C A transcriptionally-silent heterochromatin structure present in senescent cells. Contains the condensed chromatin of one chromosome and is enriched for histone modifications. Thought to repress expression of proliferation-promoting genes.
35986 senescence-associated heterochromatin focus assembly P The assembly of chromatin into senescence-associated heterochromatin foci (SAHF), transcriptionally-silent heterochromatin structures present in senescent cells, containing the condensed chromatin of one chromosome, and enriched for histone modifications. Formation of these chromatin structures is thought to repress expression of proliferation-promoting genes.
35987 endodermal cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an endoderm cell, a cell of the inner of the three germ layers of the embryo.
35988 chondrocyte proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.
35989 tendon development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tendon over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A tendon is a fibrous, strong, connective tissue that connects muscle to bone or integument and is capable of withstanding tension. Tendons and muscles work together to exert a pulling force.
35990 tendon cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a tendon cell. Tendon cell are elongated fibrocytes in which the cytoplasm is stretched between the collagen fibres of the tendon. Tendon cells have a central cell nucleus with a prominent nucleolus, a well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum, and are responsible for synthesis and turnover of tendon fibres and ground substance.
35991 nitric oxide sensor activity F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of nitric oxide (NO).
35992 tendon formation P The process that gives rise to a tendon. This process pertains to the initial formation of a tendon from unspecified parts.
35993 deltoid tuberosity development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the deltoid tuberosity over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The deltoid tuberosity is the region on the shaft of the humerus to which the deltoid muscle attaches. The deltoid tuberosity develops through endochondral ossification in a two-phase process; an initiating tendon-dependent phase, and a muscle-dependent growth phase.
35994 response to muscle stretch P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a myofibril being extended beyond its slack length.
35995 detection of muscle stretch P The series of events by which a muscle stretch stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
35996 rhabdomere microvillus C Thin cylindrical membrane-covered projection on the surface of a rhabdomere.
35997 rhabdomere microvillus membrane C The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a microvillus of a rhabdomere.
35998 7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate.
35999 tetrahydrofolate interconversion P The chemical reactions and pathways by which one-carbon (C1) units are transferred between tetrahydrofolate molecules, to synthesise other tetrahydrofolate molecules.
36000 mucocyst C A small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, in the pellicle of ciliate protozoans that discharges a mucus-like secretion.
36001 'de novo' pyridoxal 5'-phosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, the active form of vitamin B6, from simpler components.
36002 pre-mRNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA), an intermediate molecule between DNA and protein that may contain introns and, at least in part, encodes one or more proteins. Introns are removed from pre-mRNA to form a mRNA molecule.
36003 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to stress P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
36004 GAF domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the GAF domain of a protein.
36005 response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus.
36006 cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus.
36007 scintillon C A body present in the cytoplasm of some dinoflagellates, which is the source of bioluminescence; emits light on acidification in the presence of oxygen.
36008 sucrose catabolic process to fructose-6-phosphate and glucose-6-phosphate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sucrose, which proceeds by phosphorylation of sucrose to form sucrose-6-phosphate. The subsequent actions of a hydrolase and a fructokinase generate fructose-6-phosphate and glucose-6-phosphate.
36009 protein-glutamine N-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + protein L-glutamine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + protein N-methyl-L-glutamine.
36010 protein localization to endosome P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an endosome.
36011 imaginal disc-derived leg segmentation P Division of an imaginal disc-derived leg into a series of semi-repetitive parts or segments. The Drosophila leg, for example, has nine segments, each separated from the next by a flexible joint.
36012 cyanelle inner membrane C The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the cyanelle envelope; also faces the cyanelle stroma.
36013 cyanelle outer membrane C The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the cyanelle envelope.
36014 cyanelle intermembrane space C The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of the cyanelle envelope; includes the peptidoglycan layer.
36015 response to interleukin-3 P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-3 stimulus.
36016 cellular response to interleukin-3 P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-3 stimulus.
36017 response to erythropoietin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an erythropoietin stimulus. Erythropoietin is a glycoprotein hormone that controls erythropoiesis.
36018 cellular response to erythropoietin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an erythropoietin stimulus.
36019 endolysosome C An transient hybrid organelle formed by fusion of a late endosome with a lysosome, and in which active degradation takes place.
36020 endolysosome membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding an endolysosome. An endolysosome is a transient hybrid organelle formed by fusion of a late endosome with a lysosome.
36021 endolysosome lumen C The volume enclosed by the membrane of an endolysosome. An endolysosome is a transient hybrid organelle formed by fusion of a late endosome with a lysosome.
36022 limb joint morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of a limb joint are generated and organized. A limb joint is a flexible region that separates the rigid sections of a limb to allow movement in a controlled manner.
36023 embryonic skeletal limb joint morphogenesis P The process, occurring in the embryo, in which the anatomical structures of a skeletal limb joint are generated and organized. A skeletal limb joint is the connecting structure between the bones of a limb.
36024 protein C inhibitor-TMPRSS7 complex C A heterodimeric protein complex that contains protein C inhibitor (SERPINA5) and transmembrane protease serine 7 (TMPRSS7); formation of the complex inhibits the serine protease activity of transmembrane protease serine 7.
36025 protein C inhibitor-TMPRSS11E complex C A heterodimeric protein complex that contains protein C inhibitor (SERPINA5) and transmembrane protease serine 11E (TMPRSS11E); formation of the complex inhibits the serine protease activity of transmembrane protease serine 11E.
36026 protein C inhibitor-PLAT complex C A heterodimeric protein complex that contains protein C inhibitor (SERPINA5) and tissue-type plasminogen activator (PLAT); formation of the complex inhibits the serine protease activity of tissue-type plasminogen activator.
36027 protein C inhibitor-PLAU complex C A heterodimeric protein complex that contains protein C inhibitor (SERPINA5) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (PLAU); formation of the complex inhibits the serine protease activity of urokinase-type plasminogen activator.
36028 protein C inhibitor-thrombin complex C A heterodimeric protein complex that contains protein C inhibitor (SERPINA5) and thrombin (F2); formation of the complex inhibits the serine protease activity of thrombin.
36029 protein C inhibitor-KLK3 complex C A heterodimeric protein complex that contains protein C inhibitor (SERPINA5) and prostate-specific antigen (KLK3); formation of the complex inhibits the serine protease activity of prostate-specific antigen.
36030 protein C inhibitor-plasma kallikrein complex C A heterodimeric protein complex that contains protein C inhibitor (SERPINA5) and plasma kallikrein (KLK1B); formation of the complex inhibits the serine protease activity of plasma kallikrein.
36031 recruitment of mRNA capping enzyme to RNA polymerase II holoenzyme complex P The process in which the guanylyltransferase enzyme responsible for adding a 7-methylguanosine cap on pre-mRNA becomes associated with the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme complex and the 5' end of a transcript.
36032 neural crest cell delamination P The negative regulation of cell adhesion process in which a neural crest cell physically separates from the rest of the neural tube.
36033 mediator complex binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a mediator complex. The mediator complex is a protein complex that interacts with the carboxy-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and plays an active role in transducing the signal from a transcription factor to the transcriptional machinery. The Saccharomyces complex contains several identifiable subcomplexes: a head domain comprising Srb2, -4, and -5, Med6, -8, and -11, and Rox3 proteins; a middle domain comprising Med1, -4, and -7, Nut1 and -2, Cse2, Rgr1, Soh1, and Srb7 proteins; a tail consisting of Gal11p, Med2p, Pgd1p, and Sin4p; and a regulatory subcomplex comprising Ssn2, -3, and -8, and Srb8 proteins. Metazoan mediator complexes have similar modular structures and include homologs of yeast Srb and Med proteins.
36034 mediator complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a mediator complex. The mediator complex is a protein complex that interacts with the carboxy-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and plays an active role in transducing the signal from a transcription factor to the transcriptional machinery. The Saccharomyces complex contains several identifiable subcomplexes: a head domain comprising Srb2, -4, and -5, Med6, -8, and -11, and Rox3 proteins; a middle domain comprising Med1, -4, and -7, Nut1 and -2, Cse2, Rgr1, Soh1, and Srb7 proteins; a tail consisting of Gal11p, Med2p, Pgd1p, and Sin4p; and a regulatory subcomplex comprising Ssn2, -3, and -8, and Srb8 proteins. Metazoan mediator complexes have similar modular structures and include homologs of yeast Srb and Med proteins.
36035 osteoclast development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a osteoclast from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue.
36036 cardiac neural crest cell delamination P The negative regulation of cell adhesion process in which a cardiac neural crest cell physically separates from the rest of the neural tube.
36037 CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation P The change in morphology and behavior of a CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.
36038 MKS complex C A protein complex that is located at the ciliary transition zone and consists of several proteins some of which are membrane bound. Acts as an organiser of transition zone inner structure, specifically the Y-shaped links, in conjunction with the NPHP complex. The MKS complex also acts as part of the selective barrier that prevents diffusion of proteins between the ciliary cytoplasm and cellular cytoplasm as well as between the ciliary membrane and plasma membrane.
36039 curcumin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving the polyphenol, curcumin.
36040 curcumin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the polyphenol, curcumin.
36041 long-chain fatty acid binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a long-chain fatty acid. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.
36042 long-chain fatty acyl-CoA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a long-chain fatty acyl-CoA. A long-chain fatty acyl-CoA is any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a long-chain fatty-acyl group. Long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs have chain lengths of C13 or more.
36046 protein demalonylation P The removal of a malonyl group (CO-CH2-CO), from an amino acid residue within a protein or peptide.
36047 peptidyl-lysine demalonylation P The process of removing a malonyl group (CO-CH2-CO) from an malonylated lysine residue in a peptide or protein.
36048 protein desuccinylation P The removal of a succinyl group (CO-CH2-CH2-CO) from a residue in a peptide or protein.
36049 peptidyl-lysine desuccinylation P The removal of a succinyl group (CO-CH2-CH2-CO) from a succinylated lysine residue in a peptide or protein.
36050 peptidyl-lysine succinylation P The modification of a peptidyl-lysine residue by the addition of a succinyl group (CO-CH2-CH2-CO) to form N6-succinyl-L-lysine.
36051 protein localization to trailing edge P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the trailing edge. The trailing edge is the area of a motile cell opposite to the direction of movement.
36052 protein localization to uropod P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a uropod. A uropod is a membrane projection with related cytoskeletal components at the trailing edge of a migrating cell.
36053 glomerular endothelium fenestra C A large plasma membrane-lined circular pore that perforates the flattened glomerular endothelium and, unlike those of other fenestrated capillaries, is not spanned by diaphragms; the density and size of glomerular fenestrae account, at least in part, for the high permeability of the glomerular capillary wall to water and small solutes.
36054 protein-malonyllysine demalonylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: protein-malonyllysine + H2O => protein-lysine + malonate. This reaction is the removal of a malonyl group (CO-CH2-CO) from a malonylated lysine residue of a protein or peptide.
36055 protein-succinyllysine desuccinylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: protein-succinyllysine + H2O => protein-lysine + succinate. This reaction is the removal of a succinyl group (CO-CH2-CH2-CO) from a succinylated lysine residue of a protein or peptide.
36056 filtration diaphragm C A specialized cell-cell junction found between the cells of the excretory system, which provides a barrier for filtration of blood or hemolymph.
36057 slit diaphragm C A specialized cell-cell junction found between the interdigitating foot processes of the glomerular epithelium (the podocytes) in the vertebrate kidney, which is adapted for facilitating glomerular filtration.
36058 filtration diaphragm assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a filtration diaphragm, a specialized cell-cell junction found between the cells of the excretory system, which provides a barrier for filtration of blood or hemolymph.
36059 nephrocyte diaphragm assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a nephrocyte diaphragm, a specialized cell-cell junction found between nephrocytes of the insect kidney.
36060 slit diaphragm assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a slit diaphragm, specialized cell-cell junction found between the interdigitating foot processes of the glomerular epithelium (the podocytes) in the vertebrate kidney, which is adapted for facilitating glomerular filtration.
36061 muscle cell chemotaxis toward tendon cell P The directed movement of a muscle cell towards a tendon cell in response to an external stimulus. Tendon cells, for example, produce positive guidance cues that attract muscle cells.
36062 presynaptic periactive zone C A region that surrounds the active zone of the presynaptic plasma membrane, and is specialized for the control of synaptic development.
36063 acroblast C A cone-shaped structure in the head of a spermatozoon, which is formed by the coalescence of Golgi fragments following the completion of meiosis. The acroblast is situated adjacent to the acrosomal vesicle.
36064 ciliary basal body C A membrane-tethered, short cylindrical array of microtubules and associated proteins found at the base of a eukaryotic cilium (also called flagellum) that is similar in structure to a centriole and derives from it. The cilium basal body is the site of assembly and remodelling of the cilium and serves as a nucleation site for axoneme growth. As well as anchoring the cilium, it is thought to provide a selective gateway regulating the entry of ciliary proteins and vesicles by intraflagellar transport.
36065 fucosylation P The covalent attachment of a fucosyl group to an acceptor molecule.
36066 protein O-linked fucosylation P The process of transferring a fucosyl group to a serine or threonine residues in a protein acceptor molecule, to form an O-linked protein-sugar linkage.
36067 light-dependent chlorophyll biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chlorophyll, any compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment, from less complex precursors, which occur in the presence of light.
36068 light-independent chlorophyll biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chlorophyll, any compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment, from less complex precursors, which occur in the absence of light.
36069 light-dependent bacteriochlorophyll biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a bacteriochlorophyll, which occur in the presence of light. Bacteriochlorophylls are any of the chlorophylls of photosynthetic bacteria; they differ structurally from the chlorophylls of higher plants.
36070 light-independent bacteriochlorophyll biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a bacteriochlorophyll, which occur in the absence of light. Bacteriochlorophylls are any of the chlorophylls of photosynthetic bacteria; they differ structurally from the chlorophylls of higher plants.
36071 N-glycan fucosylation P The process of transferring a fucosyl group to an N-glycan. An N-glycan is the carbohydrate portion of an N-glycoprotein when attached to a nitrogen from asparagine or arginine side-chains.
36072 direct ossification P The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance, that does not require the replacement of preexisting tissues.
36073 perichondral ossification P Intramembranous ossification from the surface of a cartilage element as the perichondrium becomes a periosteum, without replacement of cartilage.
36074 metaplastic ossification P Direct ossification in which bone formation occurs as result of the direct transformation of non-bone cells into bone cells without cell division.
36075 replacement ossification P Ossification that requires the replacement of a preexisting tissue prior to bone tissue formation.
36076 ligamentous ossification P Ossification wherein bone tissue forms within ligamentous tissue.
36077 intratendonous ossification P Ossification wherein bone tissue forms within tendonous tissue.
36078 minus-end specific microtubule depolymerization P The removal of tubulin heterodimers from the minus end of a microtubule.
36079 purine nucleotide-sugar transport P The directed movement of a purine nucleotide-sugar into, out of or within a cell. Purine nucleotide-sugars are purine nucleotides in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.
36080 purine nucleotide-sugar transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of a purine nucleotide-sugar from one side of the membrane to the other. Purine nucleotide-sugars are purine nucleotides in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.
36081 extracellular ammonia-gated ion channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when extracellular ammonia (NH3) has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
36082 extracellular phenylacetaldehyde-gated ion channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when extracellular phenylacetaldehyde has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
36083 positive regulation of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic process by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic process by activating or increasing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
36084 GDP-fucose import into endoplasmic reticulum lumen P The directed movement of GDP-fucose into the endoplasmic reticulum lumen. GDP-fucose is a substance composed of fucose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.
36085 GDP-fucose import into Golgi lumen P The directed movement of GDP-fucose into the Golgi lumen. GDP-fucose is a substance composed of fucose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.
36086 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to iron ion starvation P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of deprivation of iron ions.
36087 glutathione synthase complex C A protein complex composed of two or more polypeptide subunits, and which possesses glutathione synthase activity (catalysis of the reaction: L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine + ATP + glycine = ADP + glutathione + 2 H(+) + phosphate). In eukaryotes, the complex is homodimeric, in E. coli glutathione synthase exists as a tetramer, and in S. pombe the complex exists as a homodimer or a heterotetramer.
36088 D-serine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-serine, the D-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.
36089 cleavage furrow formation P Generation of the cleavage furrow, a shallow groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate that marks the site of cytokinesis. This process includes the recruitment and localized activation of signals such as RhoA at the site of the future furrow to ensure that furrowing initiates at the correct site in the cell.
36090 cleavage furrow ingression P Advancement of the cleavage furrow from the outside of the cell inward towards the center of the cell. The cleavage furrow acts as a 'purse string' which draws tight to separate daughter cells during cytokinesis and partition the cytoplasm between the two daughter cells. The furrow ingresses until a cytoplasmic bridge is formed.
36091 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to oxidative stress P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.
36092 phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate, a phosphatidylinositol monophosphate carrying the phosphate group at the 3-position.
36093 germ cell proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of germ cells, reproductive cells in multicellular organisms, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
36094 small molecule binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a small molecule, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule.
36095 positive regulation of invasive growth in response to glucose limitation by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of invasive growth as a result of deprivation of glucose, by activating or increasing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
36098 male germ-line stem cell population maintenance P The process by which an organism or tissue maintains a population of male germ-line stem cells.
36099 female germ-line stem cell population maintenance P The process by which an organism or tissue maintains a population of female germ-line stem cells.
36100 leukotriene catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a leukotriene, a pharmacologically active substance derived from a polyunsaturated fatty acid, such as arachidonic acid.
36101 leukotriene B4 catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of leukotriene B4, a leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents.
36102 leukotriene B4 metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving leukotriene B4, a leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents.
36103 Kdo2-lipid A metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving Kdo2-lipid A, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) component.
36104 Kdo2-lipid A biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of Kdo2-lipid A, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) component.
36105 peroxisome membrane class-1 targeting sequence binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a class I peroxisomal membrane targeting sequence, any of several sequences of amino acids within a protein that can act as a signal for the localization of the protein into the peroxisome membrane in a PEX19-dependent manner.
36106 peroxisome membrane class-2 targeting sequence binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a class II peroxisomal membrane targeting sequence, any of several sequences of amino acids within a protein that can act as a signal for the localization of the protein into the peroxisome membrane in a PEX19-independent manner.
36107 4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl undecaprenyl phosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl undecaprenyl phosphate, a precursor of 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose (L-Ara4N).
36108 4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl undecaprenyl phosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl undecaprenyl phosphate, a precursor of 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose (L-Ara4N).
36109 alpha-linolenic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-linolenic acid, an unsaturated omega-6 fatty acid that has the molecular formula C18H32O2.
36110 cellular response to inositol starvation P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of inositol.
36111 very long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving very long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a medium-chain fatty-acyl group. A very long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid which has a chain length greater than C22.
36112 medium-chain fatty-acyl-CoA metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving medium-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a long-chain fatty-acyl group. A medium-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length of between C6 and C12.
36113 very long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of very long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a medium-chain fatty-acyl group. A very long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid which has a chain length greater than C22.
36114 medium-chain fatty-acyl-CoA catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of medium-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a medium-chain fatty-acyl group. A medium-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length of between C6 and C12.
36115 fatty-acyl-CoA catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a fatty-acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with a fatty-acyl group.
36116 long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a medium-chain fatty-acyl group. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.
36117 hyaluranon cable C A cable structure, surrounding some cell types (e.g. proximal or bronchial tubular epithelial cells), and composed of hyaluranon (HA), a ubiquitous connective tissue glycosaminoglycan.
36118 hyaluranon cable assembly P A process that results in the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a hyaluranon cable, a cable structure, surrounding some cell types (e.g. proximal or bronchial tubular epithelial cells), and composed of hyaluranon (HA), a ubiquitous connective tissue glycosaminoglycan.
36119 response to platelet-derived growth factor P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a platelet-derived growth factor stimulus.
36120 cellular response to platelet-derived growth factor stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a platelet-derived growth factor stimulus.
36121 double-stranded DNA-dependent ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, in the presence of double-stranded DNA; drives the unwinding of a DNA helix.
36122 BMP binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family.
36123 histone H3-K9 dimethylation P The modification of histone H3 by addition of two methyl groups to lysine at position 9 of the histone.
36124 histone H3-K9 trimethylation P The modification of histone H3 by addition of three methyl groups to lysine at position 9 of the histone.
36125 fatty acid beta-oxidation multienzyme complex C A multienzyme complex possessing three kinds of enzymes that catalyze the chain reactions in the fatty acid beta-oxidation cycle, enoyl-CoA hydratase (ECH), 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HACD), and acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (KACT).
36126 sperm flagellum C A microtubule-based flagellum (or cilium) that is part of a sperm, a mature male germ cell that develops from a spermatid.
36127 3-sulfino-L-alanine binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with 3-sulfino-L-alanine (cysteine sulfinate).
36128 CatSper complex C A sperm-specific voltage-gated calcium channel that controls the intracellular calcium ion concentration and, thereby, the swimming behavior of sperm. Consists of a heteromeric tetramer surrounding a calcium ion- selective pore. May also contain additional auxiliary subunits.
36129 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to hydrogen peroxide P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulus.
36130 prostaglandin H2 endoperoxidase reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: prostaglandin H2 + NADPH + H+ -> prostaglandin F2alpha + NADP+. This reaction is the reduction of prostaglandin H2 ((5Z,13E)-(15S)-9alpha,11alpha-Epidioxy-15-hydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate) to prostaglandin F2alpha ((5Z,13E)-(15S)-9alpha,11alpha,15-Trihydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate).
36131 prostaglandin D2 11-ketoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: prostaglandin D2 + H+ + NADPH -> 11-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha + NADP+.
36132 13-prostaglandin reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 15-keto-prostaglandin + NAD(P)H + H+ -> 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin + NAD(P)+. This reaction is the reduction of 15-keto-prostaglandin.
36133 11-hydroxythromboxane B2 dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: thromboxane B2 + NAD+ = 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 + NADH + H+.
36134 12-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: prostaglandin H2 = 12-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid (HHT) + malonaldehyde (MDA).
36135 Schwann cell migration P The orderly movement of a Schwann cell from one site to another. A Schwann cell is a glial cell that ensheathes axons of neuron in the peripheral nervous system and is necessary for their maintainance and function.
36136 kynurenine-oxaloacetate transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-kynurenine + 2-oxoglutarate = 4-(2-aminophenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoate + L-aspartate.
36137 kynurenine aminotransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of an amino group from kynurenine to an acceptor, usually a 2-oxo acid.
36138 peptidyl-histidine hydroxylation P The hydroxylation of peptidyl-histidine to form peptidyl-hydroxyhistidine.
36139 peptidyl-histidine dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl L-histidine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = peptidyl hydroxy-L-histidine + succinate + CO2.
36140 peptidyl-asparagine 3-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl L-asparagine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = peptidyl 3-hydroxy-L-asparagine + succinate + CO2.
36141 L-phenylalanine-oxaloacetate transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction L-phenylalanine + oxaloacetate = phenylpyruvate + aspartate.
36143 kringle domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a kringle domain. Kringle domains are protein domains that fold into large loops stabilized by 3 disulfide linkages, and are important in protein-protein interactions with blood coagulation factors.
36145 dendritic cell homeostasis P The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of dendritic cells such that the total number of dendritic cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.
36146 cellular response to mycotoxin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mycotoxin stimulus. A mycotoxin is a toxic chemical substance produced by fungi.
36147 rumination P A digestive process in which food, usually grass or hay, is swallowed into a multi-compartmented stomach, regurgitated, chewed again, and swallowed again.
36148 phosphatidylglycerol acyl-chain remodeling P Remodeling the acyl chains of phosphatidylglycerol, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate phosphatidylglycerol containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains.
36149 phosphatidylinositol acyl-chain remodeling P Remodeling the acyl chains of phosphatidylinositol, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate phosphatidylinositol containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains.
36150 phosphatidylserine acyl-chain remodeling P Remodeling the acyl chains of phosphatidylserine, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate phosphatidylserine containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains.
36151 phosphatidylcholine acyl-chain remodeling P Remodeling the acyl chains of phosphatidylcholine, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate phosphatidylcholine containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains.
36152 phosphatidylethanolamine acyl-chain remodeling P Remodeling the acyl chains of phosphatidylethanolamine, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate phosphatidylethanolamine containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains.
36153 triglyceride acyl-chain remodeling P Remodeling the acyl chains of triacylglycerol, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate triacylglycerol containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains.
36154 diacylglycerol acyl-chain remodeling P Remodeling the acyl chains of diacylglycerol, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate diacylglycerol containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains.
36155 acylglycerol acyl-chain remodeling P Remodeling the acyl chains of an acylglycerol, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate an acylglycerol containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains.
36156 inner dynein arm C Inner arm structure present on the outer doublet microtubules of ciliary and flagellar axonemes. The structure of inner dynein arms is complex and may vary within the axoneme. Inner dynein arms are heteromeric, comprising 8 different heavy chains and various subunits. Inner and outer dynein arms have different functions in the generation of microtubule-based motility.
36157 outer dynein arm C Outer arm structure present on the outer doublet microtubules of ciliary and flagellar axonemes. Outer dynein arms contain 2-3 heavy chains, two or more intermediate chains and a cluster of 4-8 light chains. Inner and outer dynein arms have different functions in the generation of microtubule-based motility.
36158 outer dynein arm assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an axonemal dynein outer arm, an outer arm structure present on the outer doublet microtubules of ciliary and flagellar axonemes.
36159 inner dynein arm assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an axonemal dynein inner arm, an inner arm structure present on the outer doublet microtubules of ciliary and flagellar axonemes.
36160 melanocyte-stimulating hormone secretion P The regulated release of a melanocyte-stimulating hormone, any of a group of peptide hormones that are produced by cells in the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland, and stimulate the production of melanin to increase pigmentation.
36161 calcitonin secretion P The regulated release of calcitonin, a peptide hormone that participates in calcium and phosphorus metabolism, from a cell.
36162 oxytocin secretion P The regulated release of oxytocin, a cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain, from a cell. Oxytocin is the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary, and together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, is believed to influence social cognition and behavior.
36163 3-hexaprenyl-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoic acid decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hexaprenyl-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoic acid -> 2-hexaprenyl-6-methoxyphenol + CO2.
36164 cell-abiotic substrate adhesion P The attachment of a cell to an underlying abiotic (non-living) substrate via adhesion molecules.
36165 invasive growth in response to heat P The growth of colonies in filamentous chains of cells as a result of an increase in temperature.
36166 phenotypic switching P A reversible switch of a cell from one cell type or form to another, at a frequency above the expected frequency for somatic mutations. Phenotypic switching involves changes in cell morphology and altered gene expression patterns. For example, Candida albicans switches from white cells to opaque cells for sexual mating. Phenotypic switching also occurs in multicellular organisms; smooth muscle cells (SMCs) exhibit phenotypic transitions to allow rapid adaption to fluctuating environmental cues.
36167 phenotypic switching in response to host P A reversible switch of a cell from one phenotype to another that occurs upon infection of a host or host cell. For example, Candida albicans switches from a unicellular form to an invasive multicellular filamentous form upon infection of host tissue. Phenotypic switching begins with changes in cell morphology and altered gene expression patterns and ends when the morphology of a population of cells has reverted back to the default state, accompanied by altered expression patterns.
36168 filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to heat P The process in which a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape in response to an increase in temperature.
36169 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-decaprenylbenzoic acid decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-decaprenylbenzoic acid -> 2-methoxy-6-decaprenylphenol + CO2.
36170 filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to starvation P The process in which a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape in response to deprivation of nourishment.
36171 filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to chemical stimulus P The process in which a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape in response to a chemical stimulus.
36172 thiamine salvage P A process that generates thiamine (vitamin B1) from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
36173 thiosulfate binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the inorganic anion thiosulfate, a sulfur oxide that has formula O3S2.
36174 butane monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: butane + O2 + NAD(P)H + H+ = butanol + NAD(P)+ + H2O.
36175 ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity, glutaredoxin disulfide as acceptor F Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + glutaredoxin disulfide + H2O -> ribonucleoside diphosphate + glutaredoxin.
36176 response to neutral pH P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a neutral pH (pH close to 7) stimulus. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
36177 filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to pH P The process in which a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape in response to a pH stimulus. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
36178 filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to neutral pH P The process in which a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape in response to a neutral pH (pH close to 7) stimulus.
36179 osteoclast maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an osteoclast cell to attain its fully functional state. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue, and which typically differentiates from monocytes.
36180 filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to biotic stimulus P The process in which a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape in response to a biotic (living) stimulus.
36181 protein localization to linear element P A cellular protein localization process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a linear element. A linear element is a proteinaceous scaffold associated with S. pombe chromosomes during meiotic prophase.
36182 asperthecin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving asperthecin, an anthraquinone pigment obtained from the mould Aspergillus nidulans.
36183 asperthecin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of asperthecin, an anthraquinone pigment obtained from the mould Aspergillus nidulans.
36184 asperthecin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of asperthecin, an anthraquinone pigment obtained from the mould Aspergillus nidulans.
36185 13-lipoxin reductase activity F Definition: Catalysis of the reaction: 15-oxolipoxin A4 + NAD(P)H + H+ = 13,14-dihydro-15-oxolipoxin A4 + NAD(P)+.
36186 early phagosome membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding an early phagosome.
36187 cell growth mode switching, budding to filamentous P The process in which a cell switches from growing as a round budding cell to growing as a filament (elongated cells attached end-to-end). An example of this is the yeast-hyphal transition of Candida albicans.
36188 abieta-7,13-dien-18-al dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: abieta-7,13-diene-18-al + H2O + NAD+ = abieta-7,13-diene-18-oate + NADH + H+.
36189 abieta-7,13-diene hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: abieta-7,13-diene + NADPH + H+ + O2 = abieta-7,13-dien-18-ol + NADP+ + H2O.
36190 indole-2-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: indole + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = indolin-2-one + NAD(P)+ + H2O.
36191 indolin-2-one monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: indolin-2-one + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = 3-hydroxyindolin-2-one + NAD(P)+ + H2O.
36192 3-hydroxyindolin-2-one monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxyindolin-2-one + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = 2-hydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one + NAD(P)+ + H2O.
36193 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = 2,4-dihydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one + NAD(P)+ + H2O.
36194 muscle cell projection C A prolongation or process extending from a muscle cell. A muscle cell is a mature contractile cell, commonly known as a myocyte. This cell has as part of its cytoplasm myofibrils organized in various patterns.
36195 muscle cell projection membrane C The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a muscle cell projection.
36196 zymosterol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving zymosterol, (5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol).
36197 zymosterol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of zymosterol, (5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol).
36198 dTMP salvage P Any process which produces dTMP, deoxyribosylthymine monophosphate (2'-deoxyribosylthymine 5'-phosphate) without de novo synthesis.
36199 cholest-4-en-3-one 26-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cholest-4-en-3-one + NADH + H+ + O2 = 26-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one + NAD+ + H2O. This reaction involves the hydroxylation of the C26 carbon, followed by oxidation of the alcohol to the carboxylic acid via the aldehyde intermediate.
36200 3-ketosteroid 9-alpha-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione + NADH + H+ + O2 = 9alpha-hydroxyandrosta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione + NAD+ + H2O.
36201 ent-isokaurene C2-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ent-isokaurene + O2 + NADPH + H+ = ent-2alpha-hydroxyisokaurene + H2O + NADP+.
36202 ent-cassa-12,15-diene 11-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ent-cassa-12,15-diene + O2 + NADPH + H+ = ent-11beta-hydroxycassa-12,15-diene + NADP+ + H2O.
36203 taxoid 14-beta-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 10beta-hydroxytaxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-yl acetate + O2 + NADPH + H+ = 10beta,14beta-dihydroxytaxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-yl acetate + NADP+ + H2O.
36204 abieta-7,13-dien-18-ol hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: abieta-7,13-dien-18-ol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = abieta-7,13-dien-18-al + NADP+ + 2 H2O. This is a two step reaction. The first step is: abieta-7,13-dien-18-ol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = abieta-7,13-dien-18,18-diol + + NADP+ + H2O. The second step is a spontaneous reaction: abieta-7,13-dien-18,18-diol = abieta-7,13-dien-18-al + H2O.
36205 histone catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a histone protein by individual cells.
36206 regulation of histone gene expression P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of expression of a histone-encoding gene. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein.
36207 positive regulation of histone gene expression P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of expression of a histone-encoding gene. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein.
36208 negative regulation of histone gene expression P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of expression of a histone-encoding gene. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein.
36209 9beta-pimara-7,15-diene oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 9beta-pimara-7,15-diene + 3 O2 + 3 NADPH + 3 H+ = 9beta-pimara-7,15-dien-19-oate + 3 NADP+ + 4 H2O. This is a three-step reaction: (a) 9beta-pimara-7,15-diene + O2 + NADPH + H+ = 9beta-pimara-7,15-dien-19-ol + NADP+ + H2O, (b) 9beta-pimara-7,15-dien-19-ol + O2 + NADPH + H+ = 9neta-pimara-7,15-dien-19-al + NADP+ + 2 H2O, (c) 9beta-pimara-7,15-dien-19-al + O2 + NADPH + H+ = 9beta-pimara-7,15-dien-19-oate + NADP+ + H2O.
36210 protein modification process in other organism P The covalent alteration performed by one organism of one or more amino acids occurring in proteins, peptides and nascent polypeptides (co-translational, post-translational modifications) in another organism. Includes the modification of charged tRNAs that are destined to occur in a protein (pre-translation modification).
36211 protein modification process P The covalent alteration of one or more amino acids occurring in proteins, peptides and nascent polypeptides (co-translational, post-translational modifications). Includes the modification of charged tRNAs that are destined to occur in a protein (pre-translation modification).
36212 contractile ring maintenance P The process in which the contractile ring is maintained, typically in response to an internal or external cue.
36213 contractile ring contraction P The process of an actomyosin ring getting smaller in diameter.
36214 contractile ring localization P The process in which a contractile ring is assembled and/or maintained in a specific location.
36215 response to stem cell factor P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stem cell factor (SCF) stimulus.
36216 cellular response to stem cell factor stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stem cell factor (SCF) stimulus.
36217 dGTP diphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dGTP + H2O = dGMP + diphosphate.
36218 dTTP diphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dTTP + H2O = dTMP + diphosphate.
36219 GTP diphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O = GMP + diphosphate.
36220 ITP diphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ITP + H2O = IMP + diphosphate.
36221 UTP diphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UTP + H2O = UMP + diphosphate.
36222 XTP diphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: XTP + H2O = xanthosine 5'-phosphate + diphosphate.
36223 cellular response to adenine starvation P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of adenine.
36224 pairing center C A special chromosome region located towards one end of a chromosome that contains dispersed copies of short, repetitive DNA sequences and functions as a cis-acting element essential for presynaptic homologous chromosome pairing and chromosome-nuclear envelope attachment.
36225 cellular response to vitamin B1 starvation P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of vitamin B1 (also called thiamin and thiamine).
36227 mitotic G2 cell cycle arrest in response to glucose starvation P The process in which the mitotic cell cycle is halted during G2 phase as a result of deprivation of glucose.
36228 protein targeting to nuclear inner membrane P The process of targeting a protein to, and inserting it into, the nuclear inner membrane; usually uses signals contained within the protein.
36229 L-glutamine import P The directed movement of L-glutamine, the L-enantiomer of glutamine, into a cell or organelle.
36230 granulocyte activation P The change in morphology and behavior of a granulocyte resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.
36231 L-threonine import P The directed movement of L-threonine, the L-enantiomer of threonine, into a cell or organelle.
36232 L-tyrosine import P The directed movement of L-tyrosine, the L-enantiomer of tyrosine, into a cell or organelle.
36233 glycine import P The directed movement of glycine into a cell or organelle.
36234 deglucuronidation P The removal of glucuronic acid from a conjugated substrate.
36235 acyl deglucuronidation P The removal of glucuronic acid from an acyl-glucuronide.
36236 acyl glucuronidation P The modification of an substrate by the conjugation of glucuronic acid to form an acyl-glucuronide (also called an acyl-glucuronoside).
36237 acyl-glucuronidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an acyl-glucuronoside + H2O = an alcohol + D-glucuronate.
36238 gallate dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: gallate + O2 = (1E)-4-oxobut-1-ene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate.
36239 taxoid 7beta-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: taxusin + O2 + NADPH + H+ = 7beta-hydroxytaxusin + NADP+ + H2O.
36240 septal periplasm C The region between the plasma membrane and the cell wall, as found in organisms such as filamentous fungi.
36241 glutamate catabolic process to 4-hydroxybutyrate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into 4-hydroxybutyrate.
36242 glutamate catabolic process to succinate via 2-oxoglutarate-dependent GABA-transaminase activity P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into succinate, that includes the conversion of 4-aminobutyrate to succinate semialdehyde by the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent gamma aminobutyrate (GABA) transaminase.
36243 succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: succinate semialdehyde + NADP+ + H2O = succinate + NADPH + 2 H+.
36244 cellular response to neutral pH P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a neutral pH (pH close to 7) stimulus. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
36245 cellular response to menadione P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a menadione stimulus. Menadione (also called vitamin K3) is a naphthoquinone having a methyl substituent at the 2-position.
36246 phytochelatin 2 import into vacuole P The directed movement of phytochelatin 2 (PC2) into the vacuole. Phytochelatin 2 is a glutathione-related peptide composed of (gamma-Glu-Cys)n-Gly where n=2, and where the Glu and Cys residues are linked through a gamma-carboxylamide bond.
36247 phytochelatin 3 import into vacuole P The directed movement of phytochelatin 3 (PC3) into the vacuole. Phytochelatin 3 is a glutathione-related peptide composed of (gamma-Glu-Cys)n-Gly where n=3, and where the Glu and Cys residues are linked through a gamma-carboxylamide bond.
36248 phytochelatin 4 import into vacuole P The directed movement of phytochelatin 4 (PC4) into the vacuole. Phytochelatin 4 is a glutathione-related peptide composed of (gamma-Glu-Cys)n-Gly where n=4, and where the Glu and Cys residues are linked through a gamma-carboxylamide bond.
36249 cadmium ion import into vacuole P The directed movement of cadmium ions into the vacuole.
36250 peroxisome transport along microtubule P The directed movement of a peroxisome along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins.
36251 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to salt stress P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under salt stress. The stress is usually an increase or decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.
36252 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to menadione P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a menadione stimulus. Menadione (also called vitamin K3) is a naphthoquinone having a methyl substituent at the 2-position.
36253 response to amiloride P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amiloride stimulus.
36254 cellular response to amiloride P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amiloride stimulus.
36255 response to methylamine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methylamine stimulus.
36256 cellular response to methylamine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methylamine stimulus.
36257 multivesicular body organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a multivesicular body. A multivesicular body is a type of late endosome in which regions of the limiting endosomal membrane invaginate to form internal vesicles; membrane proteins that enter the internal vesicles are sequestered from the cytoplasm.
36258 multivesicular body assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a multivesicular body, a type of late endosome in which regions of the limiting endosomal membrane invaginate to form internal vesicles; membrane proteins that enter the internal vesicles are sequestered from the cytoplasm.
36259 aerobic raffinose catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of raffinose that occur in the presence of oxygen.
36260 RNA capping P The sequence of enzymatic reactions by which a cap structure is added to the 5' end of a nascent RNA polymerase II transcript. All RNA polymerase II transcripts receive a 7-methyl-G cap. Then for (at least) small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) and small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), the7-methyl-G cap is hypermethylated to become a 2,2,7-trimethylguanosine (TMG) cap.
36261 7-methylguanosine cap hypermethylation P Hypermethylation of the 7-(mono)methylguanosine (m(7)G) cap structure at the 2' position of the guanosine residue to convert a mono-methylated cap to a 2,2,7-trimethylguanosine cap structure. This type of cap modification occurs on small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) and small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) and is dependent on prior guanine-N7 methylation.
36262 granulysin production P The appearance of granulysin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
36263 L-DOPA monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-DOPA + O2 = ? + H2O. This reaction catalyzes the oxygenation of the dopamine precursor L-DOPA, to the corresponding o-quinone.
36264 dopamine monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dopamine + O2 = ? + H2O. This reaction catalyzes the oxygenation of dopamine to the corresponding o-quinone.
36265 RNA (guanine-N7)-methylation P The addition of a methyl group to the N7 atom in the base portion of a guanine nucleotide residue in an RNA molecule.
36266 Cdc48p-Npl4p-Vms1p AAA ATPase complex C A multiprotein ATPase complex involved in the release of polyubiquitinated proteins, including those damaged by oxidative stress, from the outer mitochondria membrane into the cytoplasm where they are presented to the proteasome for proteolysis, a process also referred to as mitochondria-associated degradation (MAD). In budding yeast, this complex includes Cdc48p, Npl4p and Vms1p.
36267 invasive filamentous growth P The growth of colonies in filamentous chains of cells into a substrate.
36268 swimming P Self-propelled movement of an organism from one location to another through water, often by means of active fin movement.
36269 swimming behavior P The response to external or internal stimuli that results in the locomotory process of swimming. Swimming is the self-propelled movement of an organism through the water.
36270 response to diuretic P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diuretic stimulus. A diuretic is an agent that promotes the excretion of urine through its effects on kidney function.
36271 response to methylphenidate P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methylphenidate stimulus.
36272 response to gemcitabine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gemcitabine stimulus. Gemcitabine is a 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position, and is used as a drug in the treatment of various carcinomas.
36273 response to statin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a statin stimulus. Statins are organooxygen compounds whose structure is related to compactin (mevastatin) and which may be used as an anticholesteremic drug due its EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitory properties.
36274 response to lapatinib P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lapatinib stimulus.
36275 response to 5-fluorouracil P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 5-fluorouracil stimulus.
36276 response to antidepressant P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antidepressant stimulus, a mood-stimulating drug.
36277 response to anticonvulsant P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an anticonvulsant stimulus, a drug used to prevent seizures or reduce their severity.
36278 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to nitrogen starvation P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a deprivation of nitrogen.
36279 positive regulation of protein export from nucleus in response to glucose starvation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of directed movement of proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm in response to deprivation of glucose.
36280 cellular response to L-canavanine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-canavanine stimulus. L-canavanine is L-homoserine substituted at oxygen with a guanidino (carbamimidamido) group.
36281 coflocculation P The non-sexual aggregation between single-celled organisms of different species.
36282 coflocculation via protein-carbohydrate interaction P The non-sexual aggregation between single-celled organisms of different species mediated by interaction of a protein in one species and a carbohydrate in the other species. For example, coflocculation between S. pombe and E. coli is mediated by mannose residues in the yeast cell wall interacting with lectin protein in E. coli cell projections.
36283 positive regulation of transcription factor import into nucleus in response to oxidative stress P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a transcription factor from the cytoplasm to the nucleus under conditions of oxidative stress.
36284 tubulobulbar complex C Actin-based structures involved in establishing close contact between Sertoli-Sertoli cells or Sertoli-spermatids in the seminiferous tubules of the testes.
36285 SAGA complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a SAGA complex, a SAGA-type histone acetyltransferase complex that contains Spt8 (in budding yeast) or a homolog thereof.
36286 eisosome filament C A filamentous cortical structure formed, in S. pombe, by the eisosome component Pil1.
36287 response to iloperidone P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iloperidone stimulus.
36288 response to ximelagatran P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ximelagatran stimulus.
36289 peptidyl-serine autophosphorylation P The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own serine amino acid residues, or a serine residue on an identical protein.
36290 protein trans-autophosphorylation P The phosphorylation by a protein of a residue on an identical protein. For example, phosphorylation by the other kinase within a homodimer.
36291 protein cis-autophosphorylation P The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues.
36292 DNA rewinding P The process in which interchain hydrogen bonds between two single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) are reformed to regenerate double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). ssDNA is often bound and stabilized by proteins such as replication protein A (RPA) to form ssDNA bubbles. The bubbles can be rewound by ATP-dependent motors to reform base pairs between strands and thus dsDNA.
36293 response to decreased oxygen levels P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting a decline in the level of oxygen.
36294 cellular response to decreased oxygen levels P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting a decline in the level of oxygen.
36295 cellular response to increased oxygen levels P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting an increase in the level of oxygen.
36296 response to increased oxygen levels P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting an increase in the level of oxygen.
36297 interstrand cross-link repair P Removal of a DNA interstrand crosslink (a covalent attachment of DNA bases on opposite strands of the DNA) and restoration of the DNA. DNA interstrand crosslinks occur when both strands of duplex DNA are covalently tethered together (e.g. by an exogenous or endogenous agent), thus preventing the strand unwinding necessary for essential DNA functions such as transcription and replication.
36298 recombinational interstrand cross-link repair P Removal of a DNA interstrand crosslink (a covalent attachment of DNA bases on opposite strands of the DNA) and restoration of the DNA by a mechanism that involves the exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between the broken DNA molecule and a homologous region of DNA.
36299 non-recombinational interstrand cross-link repair P Removal of a DNA interstrand crosslink (a covalent attachment of DNA bases on opposite strands of the DNA) and restoration of the DNA by a mechanism that does not involve homologous DNA recombination.
36300 B cell receptor internalization P A receptor-mediated endocytosis process that results in the movement of a B cell receptor from the plasma membrane to the inside of the cell.
36301 macrophage colony-stimulating factor production P The appearance of macrophage colony-stimulating factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
36302 atrioventricular canal development P The progression of the atrioventricular canal over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The atrioventricular canal is the part of the heart connecting the atrium to the cardiac ventricle.
36303 lymph vessel morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of lymph vessels are generated and organized. The lymph vessel is the vasculature carrying lymph.
36304 umbilical cord morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the umbilical cord are generated and organized. The umbilical cord is an organ or embryonic origin consisting of the 2 umbilical arteries and the one umbilical vein. The umbilical cord connects the cardiovascular system of the fetus to the mother via the placenta.
36305 ameloblast differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an ameloblast, a cylindrical epithelial cell in the innermost layer of the enamel organ.
36306 embryonic heart tube elongation P The developmental growth that results in the increase in length of the embryonic heart tube. The embryonic heart tube is an epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart.
36307 23S rRNA (adenine(2030)-N(6))-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine(2030) in 23S rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N(6)-methyladenine(2030) in 23S rRNA.
36308 16S rRNA (guanine(1516)-N(2))-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanosine(1516) in 16S rRNA = N(2)-methylguanosine(1516) in 16S rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
36309 protein localization to M-band P Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, the M band. The M band is the midline of aligned thick filaments in a sarcomere.
36310 annealing helicase activity F Catalysis of the ATP-dependent rewinding of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) to reform base pairs between strands. Often acts on ssDNA bubbles bound by replication protein A (RPA).
36311 chitin disaccharide deacetylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(acetylamino)-4-O-[2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose + H2O = 2-(acetylamino)-4-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose + acetate.
36312 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. The regulatory subunit associates with the catalytic subunit to regulate both its activity and subcellular location.
36313 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the catalytic subunit of a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. The catalytic subunit catalyzes the addition of a phosphate group to an inositol lipid at the 3' position of the inositol ring.
36314 response to sterol P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sterol stimulus.
36315 cellular response to sterol P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sterol stimulus.
36316 SREBP-SCAP complex retention in endoplasmic reticulum P Any process in which the SREBP-SCAP complex is maintained in the endoplasmic reticulum and prevented from moving elsewhere. The SREBP-SCAP complex is formed by the association of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) and SREBP-cleavage-activating protein (SCAP). In the absence of sterols, the SREBP-SCAP complex is packaged into COPII vesicles and travels to the Golgi apparatus to be processed. In the presence of sterols, the complex binds ER-resident proteins such as INSIG, which retain the complex in the ER.
36317 tyrosyl-RNA phosphodiesterase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a 5' tyrosyl-RNA phosphodiester bond between a protein and RNA. In picornaviruses, this covalent bond connects VPg, a viral-encoded protein essential for RNA replication, to the 5' end of all nascent picornavirus genomes; it is cleaved from viral RNA prior to its engaging in protein synthesis.
36318 peptide pheromone receptor activity F Combining with a peptide pheromone, and transmitting the signal across the membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.
36319 mating-type M-factor pheromone receptor activity F Combining with the mating-type peptide pheromone M-factor and transmitting the signal across the membrane to initiate a change in cell activity. M-factor is a nine-membered oligopeptide that consists of tyrosyl, threonyl, prolyl, lysyl, valyl, prolyl, tyrosyl, methionyl and methyl S-farnesylcysteinate residues joined in sequence, and is a peptide pheromone released by Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells of the cellular mating type Minus.
36320 mating-type P-factor pheromone receptor activity F Combining with the mating-type peptide pheromone P-factor and transmitting the signal across the membrane to initiate a change in cell activity. P-factor is a polypeptide of 23 residues, with the sequence Thr-Tyr-Ala-Asp-Phe-Leu-Arg-Ala-Tyr-Gln-Ser-Trp-Asn-Thr-Phe-Val-Asn-Pro-Asp-Arg-Pro-Asn-Leu, and is a peptide pheromone released by Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells of the cellular mating type Plus.
36321 ghrelin secretion P The regulated release of ghrelin from a cell. Ghrelin is a 28 amino acid hunger-stimulating peptide hormone.
36322 pancreatic polypeptide secretion P The regulated release of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) from a cell. Pancreatic polypeptide is a 36 amino acid polypeptide secreted by islets of Langerhans cells in the pancreas.
36323 vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) located on the surface of the receiving cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
36324 vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) located on the surface of the receiving cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
36325 vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) located on the surface of the receiving cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
36326 VEGF-A-activated receptor activity F Combining with vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.
36327 VEGF-B-activated receptor activity F Combining with vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGF-B) and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.
36328 VEGF-C-activated receptor activity F Combining with vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.
36329 VEGF-D-activated receptor activity F Combining with vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGF-D) and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.
36330 VEGF-E-activated receptor activity F Combining with vascular endothelial growth factor E (VEGF-E) and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.
36331 avascular cornea development in camera-type eye P The progression of an avascular cornea over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Corneal avascularity (the absence of blood vessels in the cornea) is required for optical clarity and optimal vision. Avascular corneas are present in most animals, except Manatees.
36332 placental growth factor-activated receptor activity F Combining with placental growth factor (PlGF) and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.
36333 hepatocyte homeostasis P Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of hepatocytes within a population of cells. Hepatocytes are specialized epithelial cells of the liver that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules.
36334 epidermal stem cell homeostasis P Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of epidermal stem cells within a population of cells.
36335 intestinal stem cell homeostasis P Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of intestinal stem cells within a population of cells.
36336 dendritic cell migration P The movement of a dendritic cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.
36337 Fas signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a ligand to the receptor Fas on the surface of the cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Fas is a death domain-containing member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily.
36338 viral membrane C The lipid bilayer of a virion, a complete fully infectious extracellular virus particle.
36339 lymphocyte adhesion to endothelial cell of high endothelial venule P The attachment of a lymphocyte to an endothelial cell of a high endothelial venule (HEV) via adhesion molecules. A HEV cell is an endothelial cell that is cuboidal, expresses leukocyte-specific receptors, and allows for passage of lymphocytes into bloodstream.
36340 chitin-based cuticle sclerotization by biomineralization P The process of hardening a chitin-based cuticle by mineral incorporation. For example, the cuticle of crustaceans is hardened by the incorporation of calcium carbonate.
36341 chitin-based cuticle sclerotization by protein cross-linking P The process of hardening of a chitin-based cuticle by protein cross-linking, and the incorporation of phenolic precursors. This mechanism of cuticle hardening occurs in insects and is usually accompanied by darkening of the cuticle.
36342 post-anal tail morphogenesis P The process in which a post-anal tail is generated and organized. A post-anal tail is a muscular region of the body that extends posterior to the anus. The post-anal tail may aid locomotion and balance.
36343 psychomotor behavior P The specific behavior of an organism that combines cognitive functions and physical movement. For example, driving a car, throwing a ball, or playing a musical instrument.
36344 platelet morphogenesis P Generation and organization of a platelet, a non-nucleated disk-shaped cell formed by extrusion from megakaryocytes, found in the blood of all mammals, and mainly involved in blood coagulation.
36345 platelet maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a platelet to attain its fully functional state. A platelet is a non-nucleated disk-shaped cell formed by extrusion from megakaryocytes, found in the blood of all mammals, and mainly involved in blood coagulation.
36346 cellular response to L-cysteine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-cysteine stimulus. L-cysteine is an optically active form of cysteine having L-configuration.
36347 glutathione import into cell P The directed movement of glutathione from outside of a cell into the cytoplasmic compartment. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis.
36348 hydantoin racemase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-5-monosubstituted hydantoin = L-5-monosubstituted hydantoin.
36349 galactose-specific flocculation P The non-sexual aggregation of single-celled organisms mediated by the binding of cell wall proteins on one cell to galactose residues on the other.
36350 mannose-specific flocculation P The non-sexual aggregation of single-celled organisms mediated by the binding of cell wall proteins on one cell to mannose residues on the other.
36351 histone H2A-K13 ubiquitination P The modification of histone H2A by addition of ubiquitin group at lysine 13 (H2A-K13) in metazoans, and at the equivalent residue in other organisms. Monoubiquitin is first attached to H2A-K13 and K63-linked ubiquitin chains are then extended from this monoubiquitin.
36352 histone H2A-K15 ubiquitination P The modification of histone H2A by addition of ubiquitin group at lysine 15 (H2A-K15) in metazoans, and at the equivalent residue in other organisms. Monoubiquitin is first attached to H2A-K15 and K63-linked ubiquitin chains are then extended from this monoubiquitin.
36353 histone H2A-K119 monoubiquitination P The modification of histone H2A by addition of a single ubiquitin group to lysine-119 (H2A- K119) in metazoans, and at the equivalent residue in other organisms.
36354 2-desacetyl-2-hydroxyethyl bacteriochlorophyllide a dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-desacetyl-2-hydroxyethyl bacteriochlorophyllide a = bacteriochlorophyllide a + 2 H+.
36355 2-iminoacetate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine + reduced acceptor = 2-iminoacetate + 4-methylphenol + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + acceptor + 2 H+.
36356 cyclic 2,3-diphosphoglycerate synthetase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) + ATP = cyclic 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (cDPG) + ADP + phosphate.
36357 2-phosphoglycerate kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phosphoglycerate + ATP = 2,3-diphosphoglycerate + ADP.
36358 lipoteichoic acid D-alanylation P The formation of a D-alanyl ester of lipoteichoic acid by transfer of D-Ala onto a membrane-associated lipoteichoic acid (LTA).
36359 renal potassium excretion P The elimination by an organism of potassium in the urine.
36360 sorocarp stalk morphogenesis P The process in which the sorocarp stalk is generated and organized. The sorocarp stalk is a tubular structure that consists of cellulose-covered cells stacked on top of each other and surrounded by an acellular stalk tube composed of cellulose and glycoprotein. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum.
36361 racemase activity, acting on amino acids and derivatives F Catalysis of the interconversion of the two enantiomers of a chiral amino acid or amino acid derivative.
36362 ascus membrane C A double layer of lipid molecules that surrounds an ascus, a capsule containing the sexual spores in some fungi.
36363 transforming growth factor beta activation P The release of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) from its latent state. TGF-beta is secreted as part of a large latent complex (LLC) that is targeted to the extracellular matrix. Release of TGFbeta from its latent state is required for TGFbeta to bind to its receptors, and can occur by a variety of mechanisms.
36364 transforming growth factor beta1 activation P The release of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) from its latent state.
36365 transforming growth factor beta2 activation P The release of transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF-beta2) from its latent state.
36366 transforming growth factor beta3 activation P The release of transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGF-beta3) from its latent state.
36367 light adaption P The ability of a photoreceptor to adjust to varying levels of light.
36368 cone photoresponse recovery P The processes required for a cone photoreceptor to recover, following light activation, so that it can respond to a subsequent light stimulus. Cone recovery requires the shutoff of active participants in the phototransduction cascade, including the visual pigment and downstream signal transducers.
36369 transcription factor catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome.
36370 D-alanyl carrier activity F Accepts activated D-alanine and subsequently transfers D-alanine onto a teichoic acid acceptor molecule. The carrier protein provides an essential link between the D-alanine-D-alanyl carrier protein ligase and the incorporation of D-alanine into the substrate.
36371 protein localization to T-tubule P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the T-tubule. The T-tubule is an invagination of the plasma membrane of a muscle cell that extends inward from the cell surface around each myofibril.
36372 opsin transport P The directed movement of an opsin (a G-protein coupled receptor of photoreceptor cells) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
36373 L-fucose mutarotase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-L-fucose = beta-L-fucose.
36374 glutathione hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glutathione + H2O = L-cysteinylglycine + L-glutamate.
36375 Kibra-Ex-Mer complex C An apical protein complex that contains the proteins Kibra, Expanded and Merlin (Mer), or orthologs thereof. In humans, the complex contains KIBRA, FDM6 and NF2.
36376 sodium ion export from cell P The directed movement of sodium ions out of a cell.
36377 arbuscular mycorrhizal association P A form of mutualism between a fungus and the roots of a vascular plant, where hyphae of the fungus penetrate the plant cell wall and invaginate its cell membrane. Once inside, the fungus forms highly branched structures for nutrient exchange with the plant called arbuscules. Aids in the acquisition by the plant of nutrients such as phosphorus from the soil.
36378 calcitriol biosynthetic process from calciol P Conversion of vitamin D3 from its largely inactive form (calciol, also called cholecalciferol) into a hormonally active form (calcitriol). Conversion requires 25-hydroxylation of calciol in the liver to form calcidiol, and subsequent 1,alpha-hydroxylation of calcidiol in the kidney to form calcitriol.
36379 myofilament C Any of the smallest contractile units of a myofibril (striated muscle fiber).
36380 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-undecaprenyl-phosphate N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyl phosphate = UMP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyldiphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol.
36381 pyridoxal 5'-phosphate synthase (glutamine hydrolysing) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 5-phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + L-glutamine = pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + L-glutamate + 3 H2O + phosphate. The reaction occurs in two steps: L-glutamine + H2O = L-glutamate + NH3, and subsequently D-ribose 5-phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NH3 = pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + 4 H2O + phosphate.
36382 flavin reductase (NADH) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: reduced flavin + NAD+ = flavin + NADH + H+.
36383 3-hydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione + FMNH2 + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione + FMN + H2O.
36384 cytidine diphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: CDP + H2O = CMP + phosphate.
36385 nucleoid DNA packaging P Any process in which DNA and associated proteins are formed into a compact, orderly structure within a nucleoid.
36386 bacterial nucleoid DNA packaging P Compaction of DNA in a bacterial nucleoid into a compact structure. Often achieved by DNA supercoiling.
36387 pre-replicative complex C A protein-DNA complex that forms at the origin of replication during the initial step of DNA replication and allows the origin to become competent, or 'licensed', for replication.
36388 pre-replicative complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the pre-replicative complex, a protein-DNA complex that forms at the origin of replication during the initial step of DNA replication and allows the origin to become competent, or 'licensed', for replication.
36389 bacterial pre-replicative complex C A protein-DNA complex that forms at the bacterial oriC during the initial step of DNA replication and allows the origin to become competent, or 'licensed', for replication.
36390 pre-replicative complex assembly involved in bacterial-type DNA replication P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the bacterial pre-replicative complex, a protein-DNA complex that forms at the bacterial oriC during the initial step of DNA replication and allows the origin to become competent, or 'licensed', for replication.
36391 medial cortex septin ring C A ring-shaped structure that forms at the medial cortex of a symmetrically dividing cell at the onset of cytokinesis; composed of members of the conserved family of filament forming proteins called septins as well as septin-associated proteins.
36392 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 production P The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 (CCL20) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
36393 thiocyanate peroxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: thiocyanate (SCN-) + hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) = hypothiocyanite (OSCN-) + 2 H2O. Catalyzes the hydrogen peroxide oxidation of thiocyanate.
36394 amylase secretion P The controlled release of amylase from a cell.
36395 pancreatic amylase secretion P The controlled release of amylase from a cell of the pancreas.
36396 MIS complex C An mRNA methyltransferase complex that catalyzes the post-transcriptional methylation of adenosine to form N6-methyladenosine (m6A). In budding yeast, the MIS complex consists of Mum2p, Ime4p and Slz1p. In vertebrates, the complex consists of METTL3, METTL14 and WTAP.
36397 formate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: formate + a quinone = CO2 + a quinol.
36398 TCR signalosome C A multi-protein complex containing at least the T-cell receptor complex and the LAT (linker for activation of T cells) scaffold protein. Also contains a variety of signaling proteins including co-receptors, kinases, phosphatases and adaptors such as CD8. Connects events on the plasma membrane to distal signaling cascades to ultimately modulate T cell biology.
36399 TCR signalosome assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a TCR signalosome.
36400 short neuropeptide F receptor activity F Combining with a short neuropeptide F and transmitting the signal within the cell to initiate a change in cell activity. Short neuropeptide F is an arthropod peptide of less than 28 residues (as small as 8-10 residues in some species) with a C-terminal RFamide or LRFamide.
36401 pyrokinin receptor activity F Combining with a pyrokinin and transmitting the signal within the cell to induce a change in cell activity. Pyrokinins are a group of insect neuropeptides that share the common C-terminal pentapeptide sequence Phe-X-Pro-Arg-Leu-NH2 (X = S, T, K, A, or G). They play a central role in diverse physiological processes including stimulation of gut motility, production and release of sex pheromones, diapause, and pupariation.
36402 proteasome-activating ATPase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, which promotes unfolding of protein substrates, and channel opening of the core proteasome.
36403 arachidonate 8(S)-lipoxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + O(2) = (5Z,8S,9E,11Z,14Z)-8-hydroperoxyicosa-5,9,11,14-tetraenoate.
36404 conversion of ds siRNA to ss siRNA P The process in which double-stranded small interfering RNA (ds siRNA) molecules are converted to single-stranded small interfering RNA (ss siRNA).
36405 anchored component of cell outer membrane C The component of the cell outer membrane consisting of the gene products that are tethered to the membrane only by a covalently attached anchor, such as a lipid group embedded in the membrane. Gene products with peptide sequences that are embedded in the membrane are excluded from this grouping.
36406 anchored component of periplasmic side of cell outer membrane C The component of the cell outer membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are tethered to the periplasmic side of membrane by only a covalently attached anchor, embedded in the periplasmic side of the membrane only.
36407 mycolate outer membrane C A mycolic acid-rich cell outer membrane containing a lipid bilayer and long-chain mycolic acids (hydroxylated branched-chain fatty acids) that are covalently linked to the cell wall peptidoglycan via an arabinogalactan network. Found in mycobacteria and related genera (e.g. corynebacteria).
36408 histone acetyltransferase activity (H3-K14 specific) F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 14) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 14).
36409 histone H3-K14 acetyltransferase complex C A protein complex that can catalyze the acetylation of lysine at position 14 in histone H3.
36410 Mst2 histone acetyltransferase complex C A protein complex that can catalyze the acetylation of lysine at position 14 in histone H3, and contains Mst2 as the catalytic subunit. In fission yeast, contains at least Mst2, Nto1, Ptf2, Ptf1 and Eaf6.
36411 H-NS-Cnu complex C A trimeric protein complex containing a H-NS homodimer and a Cnu monomer. In bacteria, this complex negatively regulates transcription of a range of genes.
36412 acetyl-CoA:oxalate CoA-transferase F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + oxalate = acetate + oxalyl-CoA.
36413 histone H3-R26 citrullination P The hydrolysis of peptidyl-arginine to form peptidyl-citrulline at position 26 in histone H3.
36414 histone citrullination P The hydrolysis of peptidyl-arginine to form peptidyl-citrulline on a histone protein.
36415 regulation of tRNA stability P Any process that modulates the propensity of transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules to degradation. Includes processes that both stabilize and destabilize tRNAs.
36416 tRNA stabilization P Prevention of degradation of tRNA molecules.
36417 tRNA destabilization P Any process that decreases the stability of a tRNA molecule, making it more vulnerable to degradative processes.
36418 intrinsic component of mycolate outer membrane C The component of the mycolate outer membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
36419 integral component of mycolate outer membrane C The component of the mycolate outer membrane consisting of the gene products having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
36420 extrinsic component of mycolate outer membrane C The component of mycolate outer membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
36421 extrinsic component of external side of mycolate outer membrane C The component of mycolate membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to its external surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
36422 heptaprenyl diphosphate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + 4 isopentenyl diphosphate = 4 diphosphate + all-trans-heptaprenyl diphosphate.
36423 hexaprenyl-diphosphate synthase ((2E,6E)-farnesyl-diphosphate specific) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + 3 isopentenyl diphosphate = 3 diphosphate + all-trans-hexaprenyl diphosphate.
36424 L-phosphoserine phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: O-phospho-L-serine + H2O <=> L-serine + phosphate.
36425 D-phosphoserine phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: O-phospho-D-serine + H2O <=> L-serine + phosphate.
36426 ditrans, polycis-undecaprenyl-phosphate mannosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyl phosphate + GDP-alpha-D-mannose = D-mannosyl undecaprenyl phosphate+ GDP.
36427 all-trans-undecaprenyl-phosphate mannosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-undecaprenyl phosphate + GDP-alpha-D-mannose = D-mannosyl undecaprenyl phosphate + GDP.
36428 adenosylcobinamide kinase (GTP-specific) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: adenosylcobinamide + GTP = adenosylcobinamide phosphate + GDP + H+.
36429 adenosylcobinamide kinase (ATP-specific) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: adenosylcobinamide + ATP = adenosylcobinamide phosphate + ADP + H+.
36430 CMP kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + CMP = ADP + CDP.
36431 dCMP kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + dCMP = ADP + dCDP.
36432 all-trans undecaprenol kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + undecaprenol + all-trans-undecaprenyl phosphate + ADP + H+.
36433 di-trans, poly-cis-undecaprenol kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: di-trans, octa-cis-undecaprenol + ATP = di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate + ADP + H+.
36434 nitronate monooxygenase (FMN-linked) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ethylnitronate + FMNH(2) + O(2) = acetaldehyde + FMN + H(2)O + H(+) + nitrite.
36435 K48-linked polyubiquitin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently and non-covalently with a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 48 of the ubiquitin monomers.
36436 Isw1a complex C An Isw1 complex that binds DNA and has nucleosome-stimulated ATPase activity. In S. cerevisiae, contains an Isw1p ATPase subunit in complex with Ioc3p.
36437 Isw1b complex C An Isw1 complex that binds DNA and has nucleosome-stimulated ATPase activity. In S. cerevisiae, contains an Isw1p ATPase subunit in complex with Ioc2p and Ioc4p.
36438 maintenance of lens transparency P A homeostatic process in which the lens is maintained in a highly refractive, transparent state to allow for optimal focusing of light on the retina.
36439 glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NADP+] activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glycerol 3-phosphate + NADP+ = glycerone phosphate + H+ + NADPH.
36440 citrate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + H2O + oxaloacetate = citrate + CoA.
36441 2-dehydropantolactone reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-pantolactone + NADP+ = 2-dehydropantolactone + NADPH + H+.
36442 hydrogen-exporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of protons from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + H+(in) -> ADP + phosphate + H+(out).
36443 dermatan 6-sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + dermatan = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + dermatan 6'-sulfate.
36444 mitochondrial calcium uptake P A process in which a calcium ion (Ca2+) is transported from one side of a membrane to the other into the mitochondrion by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
36445 neuronal stem cell division P The self-renewing division of a neuronal stem cell.
36446 myofibroblast differentiation P The process in which an undifferentiated cell acquires the features of a myofibroblast cell.
36447 cellular response to sugar-phosphate stress P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the accumulation of sugar-phosphate.
36448 cellular response to glucose-phosphate stress P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the accumulation of glucose-phosphate.
36449 microtubule minus-end C The end of a microtubule that does not preferentially grow (polymerize).
36450 polyuridylation-dependent decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA P Cleavage of the 5'-cap of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that has been modified by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of uridylyl residues (polyuridylation) at the 3' end.
36451 cap mRNA methylation P Methylation of the 2'-O-ribose of the first or second transcribed nucleotide of a 5'-capped mRNA.
36452 ESCRT complex C An endosomal sorting complex required for transport.
36453 transitive RNA interference P An RNA interference where the silencing signal spreads along the target mRNA in a 5' or 3' direction, outside of the initial target sequence.
36454 growth factor complex C A protein complex that has growth factor activity.
36455 iron-sulfur transferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a iron-sulfur cluster from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
36456 L-methionine-(S)-S-oxide reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin -> L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O.
36457 keratohyalin granule C A cytoplasmic, non-membrane bound granule of, at least, keratinocyte. Associated to keratin intermediate filaments and partially crosslinked to the cell envelope.
36458 hepatocyte growth factor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a hepatocyte growth factor.
36459 thiol-dependent ubiquitinyl hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the thiol-dependent hydrolysis of an ester, thioester, amide, peptide or isopeptide bond formed by the C-terminal glycine of ubiquitin.
36460 cellular response to cell envelope stress P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stress acting at the cell envelope.
36461 BLOC-2 complex binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a BLOC-2 complex, a protein complex required for the biogenesis of specialized organelles of the endosomal-lysosomal system, such as melanosomes and platelet dense granules.
36462 TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway P An extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway initiated by the binding of the ligand TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) to a death receptor on the cell surface.
36463 TRAIL receptor activity F Combining with the ligand TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) and transmitting the signal from one side of the plasma membrane to the other to initiate apoptotic cell death.
36464 cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule C A ribonucleoprotein granule located in the cytoplasm.
36465 synaptic vesicle recycling P The trafficking of synaptic vesicles from the pre-synaptic membrane so the vesicle can dock and prime for another round of exocytosis and neurotransmitter release. Recycling occurs after synaptic vesicle exocytosis, and is necessary to replenish presynaptic vesicle pools, sustain transmitter release and preserve the structural integrity of the presynaptic membrane. Recycling can occur following transient fusion with the presynaptic membrane (kiss and run), or via endocytosis of presynaptic membrane.
36466 synaptic vesicle recycling via endosome P Synaptic vesicle recycling where vesicles endocytose via clathrin-coated pits, re-acidify, and refill with neurotransmitters after passing through an endosomal intermediate.
36467 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + H+ = CO2 + serotonin.
36468 L-dopa decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-dopa + H+ = CO2 + dopamine.
36469 L-tryptophan decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + H+ = CO2 + tryptamine.
36470 tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activator activity F Interacts with and increases tyrosine 3-monooxygenase (tyrosine hydroxylase) activity.
36471 cellular response to glyoxal P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glyoxal stimulus.
36472 suppression by virus of host protein-protein interaction P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interaction between host proteins.
36473 cell death in response to oxidative stress P Any biological process that results in permanent cessation of all vital functions of a cell upon exposure to an oxidative stress stimulus.
36474 cell death in response to hydrogen peroxide P Any biological process that results in permanent cessation of all vital functions of a cell upon exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
36475 neuron death in response to oxidative stress P Any biological process that results in permanent cessation of all vital functions of a neuron upon exposure to an oxidative stress stimulus.
36476 neuron death in response to hydrogen peroxide P Any biological process that results in permanent cessation of all vital functions of a neuron upon exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
36477 somatodendritic compartment C The region of a neuron that includes the cell body (cell soma) and the dendrite, but excludes the axon.
36478 L-dopa decarboxylase activator activity F Interacts with and increases L-dopa decarboxylase activity.
36479 peroxidase inhibitor activity F Interacts with, and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a peroxidase.
36480 neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress P A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a neuron. The pathway is induced in response to oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.
36481 intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide P A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
36482 neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide P A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a neuron in response to hydrogen peroxide.
36483 neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress P A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a neuron. The pathway is induced in response to a stimulus indicating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. ER stress usually results from the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen.
36484 trunk neural crest cell migration P The characteristic movement of trunk neural crest cells from the neural tube to other locations in the vertebrate embryo.
36485 dorsolateral trunk neural crest cell migration P The movement of trunk neural crest cells from the neural tube, travelling dorso-laterally into the ectoderm and continuing toward the ventral midline of the belly. These migrating trunk neural crest cells become melanocytes, the melanin-forming pigment cells.
36486 ventral trunk neural crest cell migration P The movement of trunk neural crest cells from the neural tube, travelling ventrally through the anterior half of each sclerotome. Trunk neural crest cells that remain in the sclerotome form the dorsal root ganglia containing the sensory neurons. Trunk neural crest cells that continue more ventrally form the sympathetic ganglia, the adrenal medulla, and the nerve clusters surrounding the aorta.
36487 nitric-oxide synthase inhibitor activity F Interacts with, and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of nitric oxide synthase.
36488 CHOP-C/EBP complex C A heterodimeric protein complex that is composed of the transcription factor CHOP (GADD153) and a member of the C/EBP family of transcription factors.
36489 neuromelanin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of neuromelanin. Neuromelanin is a polymer of 5,6-dihydroxyindole monomers.
36490 regulation of translation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress P Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of endoplasmic reticulum stress.
36491 regulation of translation initiation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation, as a result of endoplasmic reticulum stress.
36492 eiF2alpha phosphorylation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress P The addition of a phosphate group on to the translation initiation factor eIF2alpha, as a result of endoplasmic reticulum stress.
36493 positive regulation of translation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress P Any process that activates, or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of endoplasmic reticulum stress.
36494 positive regulation of translation initiation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress P Any process that activates, or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation as a result of endoplasmic reticulum stress.
36495 negative regulation of translation initiation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation as a result of endoplasmic reticulum stress.
36496 regulation of translational initiation by eIF2 alpha dephosphorylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation in response to stress by the dephosphorylation of eIF2 alpha.
36497 eIF2alpha dephosphorylation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress P The removal of a phosphate group from the translation initiation factor eIF2alpha, as a result of endoplasmic reticulum stress.
36498 IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response P A series of molecular signals mediated by the endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor IRE1 (Inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endonuclease). Begins with activation of IRE1 in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. One target of activated IRE1 is the transcription factor HAC1 in yeast, or XBP1 in mammals; IRE1 cleaves an intron of a mRNA coding for HAC1/XBP1 to generate an activated HAC1/XBP1 transcription factor, which controls the up regulation of UPR-related genes. At least in mammals, IRE1 can also signal through additional intracellular pathways including JNK and NF-kappaB.
36499 PERK-mediated unfolded protein response P A series of molecular signals mediated by the endoplasmic reticulum membrane stress sensor PERK (PKR-like ER kinase). Begins with activation of PERK in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The main substrate of PERK is the translation initiation factor eIF2alpha. Serine-phosphorylation of eIF2alpha by PERK inactivates eIF2alpha and inhibits general protein translation. In addition, eIF2alpha phosphorylation preferentially increases the translation of selective mRNAs such as ATF4 (activating transcription factor 4), which up regulates a subset of UPR genes required to restore folding capacity.
36500 ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response P A series of molecular signals mediated by the endoplasmic reticulum membrane stress sensor ATF6 (activating transcription factor 6). Begins with activation of ATF6 in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Under conditions of endoplasmic reticulum stress, ATF6 translocates to the Golgi where it is processed by proteases to release a cytoplasmic domain (ATF6f), which operates as a transcriptional activator of many genes required to restore folding capacity.
36501 UFD1-NPL4 complex C A dimeric protein complex that contains the co-factors for the ATPase VCP/p97 (Cdc48p in budding yeast). In mammals, this complex consists of UFD1L (UFD1) and NPLOC4 (NPL4). In budding yeast, the complex is a dimer of Ufd1p and Npl4p.
36502 Derlin-1-VIMP complex C A protein complex containing, in mammals, Derlin-1 and VCP-interacting membrane protein (VIMP). The complex links the p97/VCP-containing ATPase complex with Derlin-1 during translocation of protein substrates from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol for degradation by the cytosolic proteasome.
36503 ERAD pathway P The series of steps necessary to target endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident proteins for degradation by the cytoplasmic proteasome. Begins with recognition of the ER-resident protein, includes retrotranslocation (dislocation) of the protein from the ER to the cytosol, protein modifications necessary for correct substrate transfer (e.g. ubiquitination), transport of the protein to the proteasome, and ends with degradation of the protein by the cytoplasmic proteasome.
36504 Golgi membrane fusion P The joining of two lipid bilayers that surround the Golgi apparatus to form a single Golgi membrane.
36505 prosaposin receptor activity F Combining with prosaposin to initiate a change in cell activity. Prosaposin is the glycoprotein precursor of four cleavage products (saposins A, B, C and D).
36506 maintenance of unfolded protein P Maintaining a protein in an unfolded, soluble state.
36507 protein demannosylation P The removal of one or more mannose residues from a mannosylated protein.
36508 protein alpha-1,2-demannosylation P The removal of one or more alpha 1,2-linked mannose residues from a mannosylated protein.
36509 trimming of terminal mannose on B branch P The removal of an alpha-1,2-linked mannose from the B-chain of a glycoprotein oligosaccharide in the endoplasmic reticulum.
36510 trimming of terminal mannose on C branch P The removal of an alpha-1,2-linked mannose from the C-chain of a glycoprotein oligosaccharide in the endoplasmic reticulum.
36511 trimming of first mannose on A branch P The removal of the first alpha-1,2-linked mannose from the A-chain of a glycoprotein oligosaccharide in the endoplasmic reticulum.
36512 trimming of second mannose on A branch P The removal of the second alpha-1,2-linked mannose from the A-chain of a glycoprotein oligosaccharide in the endoplasmic reticulum.
36513 Derlin-1 retrotranslocation complex C A protein complex that functions in the retrotranslocation step of ERAD (ER-associated protein degradation), and includes at its core Derlin-1 oligomers forming a retrotranslocation channel.
36514 dopaminergic neuron axon guidance P The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone of a dopaminergic neuron to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
36515 serotonergic neuron axon guidance P The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone of a serotonergic neuron to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
36516 chemoattraction of dopaminergic neuron axon P The process in which a dopaminergic neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to an attractive chemical signal.
36517 chemoattraction of serotonergic neuron axon P The process in which a serotonergic neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to an attractive chemical signal.
36518 chemorepulsion of dopaminergic neuron axon P The process in which a dopaminergic neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to a repulsive chemical cue.
36519 chemorepulsion of serotonergic neuron axon P The process in which a serotonergic neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to a repulsive chemical cue.
36520 astrocyte-dopaminergic neuron signaling P Cell-cell signaling that mediates the transfer of information from an astrocyte to a dopaminergic neuron.
36521 modulation by symbiont of host protein localization to phagocytic vesicle P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localisation to the host phagosome. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
36522 negative regulation by symbiont of host protein localization to phagocytic vesicle P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localisation to the host phagosome. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
36523 positive regulation by symbiont of host cytokine secretion P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytokine secretion in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
36524 protein deglycase activity F Catalysis of the removal of a sugar or dicarbonyl from a lysine residue of a glycated protein.
36525 protein deglycation P The removal of a sugar or dicarbonyl from a glycated protein.
36526 peptidyl-cysteine deglycation P The removal of a sugar or dicarbonyl from a cysteine residue of a glycated protein.
36527 peptidyl-arginine deglycation P The removal of a sugar or dicarbonyl from an arginine residue of a glycated protein.
36528 peptidyl-lysine deglycation P The removal of a sugar or dicarbonyl from a lysine residue of a glycated protein.
36529 protein deglycation, glyoxal removal P The removal of glyoxal from a glycated protein, to form glycolate and a deglycated protein.
36530 protein deglycation, methylglyoxal removal P The removal of methylglyoxal from a glycated protein, to form lactate and a deglycated protein.
36531 glutathione deglycation P The removal of a sugar or dicarbonyl from glycated glutathione. Glutathione is the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine.
38001 paracrine signaling P The transfer of information from one cell to another, where the signal travels from the signal-producing cell to the receiving cell by passive diffusion or bulk flow in intercellular fluid. The signaling cell and the receiving cell are usually in the vicinity of each other.
38002 endocrine signaling P The transfer of information from one cell to another, where an endocrine hormone is transported from the signal-producing cell to the receiving cell via the circulatory system (via blood, lymph or cerebrospinal fluid). The signaling cell and the receiving cell are often distant to each other.
38003 opioid receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an opioid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
38004 epidermal growth factor receptor ligand maturation P Any process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a ligand for an epidermal growth factor receptor. The ligand is functional when it can bind to and activate an epidermal growth factor receptor.
38005 peptide bond cleavage involved in epidermal growth factor receptor ligand maturation P The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a ligand for the epidermal growth factor receptor, as part of protein maturation, the process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein. In Drosophila for example, in the Golgi apparatus of the signal producing cell, Spitz is cleaved within its transmembrane domain to release a functional soluble extracellular fragment.
38006 netrin receptor activity involved in chemoattraction F Combining with a netrin signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to contribute to the directed movement of a motile cell towards a higher concentration of netrin.
38007 netrin-activated signaling pathway P A series of molecular events initiated by the binding of a netrin protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Netrins can act as chemoattractant signals for some cells and chemorepellent signals for others. Netrins also have roles outside of cell and axon guidance.
38008 TRAF-mediated signal transduction P The intracellular process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell via a tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF). TRAFs are directly or indirectly recruited to the intracellular domains of cell surface receptors, and engage other signaling proteins to transfer the signal from a cell surface receptor to other intracellular signaling components.
38009 regulation of signal transduction by receptor internalization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction by the movement of a signaling receptor from the plasma membrane to the inside of the cell. Receptor internalization can have a positive or negative effect on a signaling pathway.
38010 positive regulation of signal transduction by receptor internalization P Any process in which the internalization of a signaling receptor activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. Receptor internalization can enhance signaling by concentrating signaling molecules in one location, or by moving a ligand-activated receptor to the location of downstream signaling proteins. Endosomes for example can serve as important intracellular signaling platforms.
38011 negative regulation of signal transduction by receptor internalization P Any process in which internalization of a signaling receptor stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. Receptor internalization can attenuate or reduce the strength of signaling by reducing the concentration of cell surface receptors available to ligands.
38012 negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway by Wnt receptor internalization P Any process in which internalization of a Wnt receptor stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signal transduction.
38013 positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway by Wnt receptor internalization P Any process in which internalization of a Wnt receptor activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway.
38014 negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway by insulin receptor internalization P Any process in which internalization of an insulin receptor stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signal transduction. Internalization of insulin in association with its receptor clears insulin from the circulation and is necessary for subsequent insulin dissociation from the receptor and insulin degradation.
38015 positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway by insulin receptor internalization P Any process in which internalization of an insulin receptor activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the insulin receptor signaling pathway. Endocytosis of activated receptors can concentrate receptors within endosomes and allow the insulin receptor to phosphorylate substrates that are spatially distinct from those accessible at the plasma membrane.
38016 insulin receptor internalization P A receptor-mediated endocytosis process that results in the movement of an insulin receptor from the plasma membrane to the inside of the cell.
38017 Wnt receptor internalization P A receptor-mediated endocytosis process that results in the movement of a Wnt receptor from the plasma membrane to the inside of the cell.
38018 Wnt receptor catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a Wnt receptor. Internalized Wnt receptors can be recycled to the plasma membrane or sorted to lysosomes for protein degradation.
38019 Wnt receptor recycling P The process that results in the return of a Wnt receptor to an active state at the plasma membrane. An active state is when the receptor is ready to receive a Wnt signal. Internalized Wnt receptors can be recycled to the plasma membrane or sorted to lysosomes for protein degradation.
38020 insulin receptor recycling P The process that results in the return of an insulin receptor to an active state at the plasma membrane. An active state is when the receptor is ready to receive an insulin signal. Internalized insulin receptors can be recycled to the plasma membrane or sorted to lysosomes for protein degradation.
38021 leptin receptor activity F Combining with the fat-cell specific hormone leptin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
38022 G-protein coupled olfactory receptor activity F Combining with an odorant and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
38023 signaling receptor activity F Receiving a signal and transmitting the signal in the cell to initiate a change in cell activity. A signal is a physical entity or change in state that is used to transfer information in order to trigger a response.
38024 cargo receptor activity F Combining selectively with an extracellular substance and delivering the substance into the cell via endocytosis.
38025 reelin receptor activity F Combining with the secreted glycoprotein reelin, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
38026 reelin-mediated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of reelin (a secreted glycoprotein) to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38027 apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of apolipoprotein A-I to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38028 insulin receptor signaling pathway via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the insulin receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the signal is passed on via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade.
38029 epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway via MAPK cascade P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an epidermal growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands, where the signal is passed on via the MAPKKK cascade.
38030 non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway via MAPK cascade P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, where the signal is passed on via the MAPKKK cascade.
38031 non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway via JNK cascade P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, where the signal is passed on via the JNK cascade.
38032 termination of G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway P The signaling process in which G-protein coupled receptor signaling is brought to an end. For example, through the action of GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) that act to accelerate hydrolysis of GTP to GDP on G-alpha proteins, thereby terminating the transduced signal.
38033 positive regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis by VEGF-activated vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to a VEGFR on the surface of a cell, which activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis.
38034 signal transduction in absence of ligand P A series of molecular signals initiated by the absence of a ligand or the withdrawal of a ligand from a receptor.
38035 G-protein coupled receptor signaling in absence of ligand P A series of molecular signals beginning with a G-protein coupled receptor promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex, where the G-protein coupled receptor is not bound to an agonist.
38036 sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor activity F Combining with the sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein.
38037 G-protein coupled receptor dimeric complex C A protein complex that contains two G-protein coupled receptors.
38038 G-protein coupled receptor homodimeric complex C A protein complex that contains two G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) of the same subtype. Formation of a GPCR homodimer may be important for the transport of newly formed receptors to the cell surface, and the function of the receptor.
38039 G-protein coupled receptor heterodimeric complex C A protein complex that contains two G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) of different subtypes. Formation of a GPCR heterodimer may alter the functional property of the GPCR.
38040 cross-receptor activation within G-protein coupled receptor heterodimer P Activation of one protomer of a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) heterodimer by the associated subunit. For example, agonist occupancy in one protomer of a GPCR dimer may activate the associated promoter.
38041 cross-receptor inhibition within G-protein coupled receptor heterodimer P Inhibition of one protomer of a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) heterodimer by the associated subunit. For example, agonist activation of one cytokine receptor can prevent activation of its associated cytokine receptor subunit.
38042 dimeric G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular signal combining with a dimeric receptor on the surface of the target cell, and proceeding with the activated receptor promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. Heterodimeric and homodimeric GPCRs may have different functional properties from those of the respective monomers.
38043 interleukin-5-mediated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-5 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38044 transforming growth factor-beta secretion P The regulated release of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) from a cell into the extracellular region. TGF-beta is mostly secreted as a large latent TGF-beta complex (LLC) containing latency-associated proteins (LAPs) derived from the N-terminal region of the TGF-beta gene product, dimeric TGF-beta and latent TGF-beta binding proteins (LTBPs).
38045 large latent transforming growth factor-beta complex C A protein complex containing latency-associated proteins (LAPs), mature disulphide-linked dimeric TGF-beta, and latent TGF-beta binding proteins (LTBPs). TGF-beta is mostly secreted as part of the large latent complex, and must be subsequently released from the LLC in order to bind to cell surface receptors.
38046 enkephalin receptor activity F Combining with an enkephalin, and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein. A enkephalin is a pentapeptide (Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met or Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu) involved in regulating nociception in the body.
38047 morphine receptor activity F Combining with morphine (17-methyl-7,8-didehydro-4,5alpha-epoxymorphinan-3,6alpha-diol), and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein.
38048 dynorphin receptor activity F Combining with a dynorphin peptide, and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein. Dynorphin is any opioid peptide that is generated by cleavage of the precursor protein prodynorphin.
38049 transcription factor activity, ligand-activated RNA polymerase II transcription factor binding F Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal to the transcriptional machinery by interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II transcription factor, which may be a single protein or a complex, in order to modulate transcription. For example, some steroid hormone receptors bind to transcription factor complexes to regulate transcription of genes whose promoters do not contain hormone response elements.
38050 RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, glucocorticoid-activated sequence-specific DNA binding F Combining with a glucocorticoid and transmitting the signal to the transcriptional machinery by interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase II.
38051 glucocorticoid-activated RNA polymerase II transcription factor binding transcription factor activity F Combining with a glucocorticoid and transmitting the signal to the transcriptional machinery by interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II transcription factor, which may be a single protein or a complex, in order to modulate transcription. For example, glucocorticoid-bound receptors can bind to transcription factor complexes to regulate transcription of genes whose promoters do not contain glucocorticoid response elements.
38052 RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, estrogen-activated sequence-specific DNA binding F Combining with estrogen and transmitting the signal to the transcriptional machinery by interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase II.
38053 transcription factor activity, estrogen-activated RNA polymerase II transcription factor binding F Combining with estrogen and transmitting the signal to the transcriptional machinery by interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II transcription factor, which may be a single protein or a complex, in order to modulate transcription. For example, estrogen-bound receptors can bind to transcription factor complexes to regulate transcription of genes whose promoters do not contain estrogen response elements.
38054 G-protein coupled estrogen receptor activity F Combining with estrogen and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
38055 BMP secretion P The controlled release of a member of the BMP family of proteins from a cell.
38056 negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway by negative regulation of BMP secretion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the BMP signaling pathway by stopping, preventing or reducing the frequency, rate or extent of secretion of a member of the BMP family of proteins from the signaling cell.
38057 TNFSF11 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 (TNFSF11), a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) cytokine family.
38058 TNFSF11 receptor activity F Combining with a tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 (TNFSF11) and transmitting the signal across the cell membrane to initiate a change in cell activity or function.
38059 IKKalpha-IKKalpha complex C A homodimeric protein complex containing two IkappaB kinase (IKK) alpha subunits.
38060 nitric oxide-cGMP-mediated signaling pathway P Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell by nitric oxide (NO) activating soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC). Includes synthesis of nitric oxide, guanylyl cyclase activity, and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell following activation by cGMP.
38061 NIK/NF-kappaB signaling P The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell through the NIK-dependent processing and activation of NF-KappaB. Begins with activation of the NF-KappaB-inducing kinase (NIK), which in turn phosphorylates and activates IkappaB kinase alpha (IKKalpha). IKKalpha phosphorylates the NF-Kappa B2 protein (p100) leading to p100 processing and release of an active NF-KappaB (p52).
38062 protein tyrosine kinase collagen receptor activity F Combining with collagen and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-tyrosine = ADP + a protein-L-tyrosine phosphate.
38063 collagen-activated tyrosine kinase receptor signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of collagen to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses tyrosine kinase activity. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38064 collagen receptor activity F Combining with a collagen and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
38065 collagen-activated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by collagen binding to a cell surface receptor, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38066 p38MAPK cascade P An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a p38 MAPK, a MAPKK and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.
38067 MAP kinase activity involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis F Catalysis of the reaction: protein + ATP = protein phosphate + ADP by a mitogen-activated protein kinase, as part of a MAPK signaling cascade that contributes to cell wall organization or biogenesis.
38068 MAP kinase kinase activity involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis F Catalysis of the concomitant phosphorylation of threonine (T) and tyrosine (Y) residues in a Thr-Glu-Tyr (TEY) thiolester sequence in a MAP kinase (MAPK) substrate, as part of a MAPK signaling cascade that contributes to cell wall organization or biogenesis.
38069 MAP kinase phosphatase activity involved in regulation of cell wall biogenesis F Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphorylated MAP kinase + H2O = a MAP kinase + phosphate, where the MAP kinase (MAPK) is part of a MAPK signaling cascade that contributes to cell wall biogenesis.
38070 MAP kinase kinase kinase activity involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis F Catalysis of the phosphorylation and activation of a MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK), as part of a MAPK signaling cascade that contributes to cell wall organization or biogenesis.
38071 MAP kinase activity involved in conjugation with cellular fusion F Catalysis of the reaction: protein + ATP = protein phosphate + ADP by a mitogen-activated protein kinase, as part of a MAPK signaling cascade that contributes to conjugation with cellular fusion.
38072 MAP kinase kinase activity involved in conjugation with cellular fusion F Catalysis of the concomitant phosphorylation of threonine (T) and tyrosine (Y) residues in a Thr-Glu-Tyr (TEY) thiolester sequence in a MAP kinase (MAPK) substrate, as part of a MAPK signaling cascade that contributes to conjugation with cellular fusion.
38073 MAP kinase kinase kinase activity involved in conjugation with cellular fusion F Catalysis of the phosphorylation and activation of a MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK), as part of a MAPK signaling cascade that contributes to cell wall biogenesis.
38074 MAP kinase phosphatase activity involved in regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion F Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphorylated MAP kinase + H2O = a MAP kinase + phosphate, where the MAP kinase (MAPK) is part of a MAPK signaling cascade that contributes to conjugation with cellular fusion.
38075 MAP kinase activity involved in innate immune response F Catalysis of the reaction: protein + ATP = protein phosphate + ADP by a mitogen-activated protein kinase, as part of a MAPK signaling cascade that contributes to an innate immune response.
38076 MAP kinase kinase activity involved in innate immune response F Catalysis of the concomitant phosphorylation of threonine (T) and tyrosine (Y) residues in a Thr-Glu-Tyr (TEY) thiolester sequence in a MAP kinase (MAPK) substrate, as part of a MAPK signaling cascade that contributes to an innate immune response.
38077 MAP kinase kinase kinase activity involved in innate immune response F Catalysis of the phosphorylation and activation of a MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK), as part of a MAPK signaling cascade that contributes to an innate immune response.
38078 MAP kinase phosphatase activity involved in regulation of innate immune response F Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphorylated MAP kinase + H2O = a MAP kinase + phosphate, where the MAP kinase (MAPK) is part of a MAPK signaling cascade that contributes to an innate immune response.
38079 MAP kinase activity involved in osmosensory signaling pathway F Catalysis of the reaction: protein + ATP = protein phosphate + ADP by a mitogen-activated protein kinase, as part of a MAPK signaling cascade that passes on a signal within an osmosensory signaling pathway.
38080 MAP kinase kinase activity involved in osmosensory signaling pathway F Catalysis of the concomitant phosphorylation of threonine (T) and tyrosine (Y) residues in a Thr-Glu-Tyr (TEY) thiolester sequence in a MAP kinase (MAPK) substrate, as part of a MAPK signaling cascade that passes on a signal within an osmosensory signaling pathway.
38081 MAP kinase kinase kinase activity involved in osmosensory signaling pathway F Catalysis of the phosphorylation and activation of a MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK), as part of a MAPK signaling cascade that passes on a signal within an osmosensory signaling pathway.
38082 MAP kinase phosphatase activity involved in regulation of osmosensory signaling pathway F Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphorylated MAP kinase + H2O = a MAP kinase + phosphate, where the MAP kinase (MAPK) is part of a MAPK signaling cascade that passes on a signal within an osmosensory signaling pathway.
38083 peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation P The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own tyrosine amino acid residues, or a tyrosine residue on an identical protein.
38084 vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to a receptor on the surface of the target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38085 vascular endothelial growth factor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a vascular endothelial growth factor.
38086 VEGF-activated platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to a platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38087 VEGF-activated platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to an alpha-type platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38088 VEGF-activated platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to a beta-type platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38089 positive regulation of cell migration by vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to a receptor on the surface of a cell, which activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the orderly movement of a cell from one site to another.
38090 positive regulation of cell migration by VEGF-activated platelet derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to a platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) on the surface of a cell, which activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the orderly movement of a cell from one site to another.
38091 positive regulation of cell proliferation by VEGF-activated platelet derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to a platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) on the surface of a cell, which activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation.
38092 nodal signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a nodal protein to an activin receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38093 Fc receptor signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin to an Fc receptor on the surface of a signal-receiving cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin is its C-terminal constant region.
38094 Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G (IgG) to an Fc-gamma receptor on the surface of a signal-receiving cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin is its C-terminal constant region.
38095 Fc-epsilon receptor signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the Fc portion of immunoglobulin E (IgE) to an Fc-epsilon receptor on the surface of a signal-receiving cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin is its C-terminal constant region.
38096 Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis P An Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway that contributes to the endocytic engulfment of external particulate material by phagocytes.
38097 positive regulation of mast cell activation by Fc-epsilon receptor signaling pathway P An Fc-epsilon receptor signaling pathway that results in the change in morphology and behavior of a mast cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, soluble factor, or to (at least in mammals) an antigen which the mast cell has specifically bound via IgE bound to Fc-epsilonRI receptors.
38098 sequestering of BMP from receptor via BMP binding P Binding to a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) in the extracellular region, and inhibiting BMP signaling by preventing BMP from binding to its cell surface receptor.
38099 nodal receptor complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a complex containing a type II activin receptor, a type I activin receptor, and a coreceptor of the EGF-CFC family (e.g. Cripto or Cryptic, in mammals).
38100 nodal binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nodal protein, a member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily.
38101 sequestering of nodal from receptor via nodal binding P Binding to a nodal protein in the extracellular region, and inhibiting nodal signaling by preventing nodal from binding to its cell surface receptor.
38102 activin receptor antagonist activity F Interacting with an activin receptor complex to reduce the action of another ligand, the agonist. A receptor antagonist does not initiate signaling upon binding to a receptor, but instead blocks an agonist from binding to the receptor.
38103 activin receptor antagonist activity involved in negative regulation of nodal signaling pathway F Interacting with an activin receptor to reduce the action of the agonist nodal. A receptor antagonist does not initiate signaling upon binding to a receptor, but instead blocks an agonist from binding to the receptor.
38104 nodal receptor complex C A protein complex containing at least a type II activin receptor, a type I activin receptor, and a coreceptor (EGF-CFC protein) such as Cripto or Cryptic. Nodal receptor complexes are capable of binding a nodal protein and transducing the signal into the cell.
38105 sequestering of TGFbeta from receptor via TGFbeta binding P Binding to a transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) protein in the extracellular region, and inhibiting TGFbeta signaling by preventing TGFbeta from binding to its cell surface receptor.
38106 choriogonadotropin hormone binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with choriogonadotropin hormone, a heterodimer, with an alpha subunit identical to that of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and a unique beta subunit.
38107 nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of left/right asymmetry P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a nodal protein to an activin receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to the left and right halves.
38108 negative regulation of appetite by leptin-mediated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of leptin to a receptor on the surface of a cell, which reduces appetite, the desire or physical craving for food.
38109 Kit signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals that starts with the binding of stem cell factor to the tyrosine kinase receptor KIT on the surface of a cell, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Stem cell factor (KIT ligand) binding to the receptor Kit mediates receptor dimerization, activation of its intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and autophosphorylation. The activated receptor then phosphorylates various substrates, thereby activating distinct signaling cascades within the cell that trigger a change in state or activity of the cell.
38110 interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-2 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38111 interleukin-7-mediated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-7 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38112 interleukin-8-mediated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-8 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38113 interleukin-9-mediated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-9 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38114 interleukin-21-mediated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-21 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38115 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19 signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the C-C chemokine CCL19 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38116 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21 signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the C-C chemokine CCL21 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38117 C-C motif chemokine 19 receptor activity F Combining with the C-C motif chemokine 19 (CCL19) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
38118 C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by a the C-C chemokine type 7 receptor on the surface of a cell binding to one of it's physiological ligands, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38119 CCL19-activated CCR7 signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the C-C chemokine CCL19 to a C-C chemokine type 7 receptor (CCR7) on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38120 CCL21-activated CCR7 signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the C-C chemokine CCL21 to a C-C chemokine type 7 receptor (CCR7) on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38121 C-C motif chemokine 21 receptor activity F Combining with the C-C motif chemokine 21 (CCL21) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
38122 C-C motif chemokine 5 receptor activity F Combining with the C-C motif chemokine 5 (CCL5) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
38123 toll-like receptor TLR1:TLR2 signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a heterodimeric TLR1:TLR2 complex to one of it's physiological ligands, followed by transmission of the signal by the activated receptor, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38124 toll-like receptor TLR6:TLR2 signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a heterodimeric TLR6:TLR2 complex to one of it's physiological ligands, followed by transmission of the signal by the activated receptor, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38127 ERBB signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to a member of the ERBB family of receptor tyrosine kinases on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38128 ERBB2 signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to a member of the ERBB family of receptors on the surface of a cell, where the signal is transmitted by ERBB2. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. ERBB2 receptors are themselves unable to bind to ligands, but act as a signal-amplifying tyrosine kinase within a heterodimeric pair.
38129 ERBB3 signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the tyrosine kinase receptor ERBB3 on the surface of a cell. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. ERBB3 receptors have impaired kinase activity and rely on the kinase activity of the heterodimer partner for activation and signal transmission.
38130 ERBB4 signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the tyrosine kinase receptor ERBB4 on the surface of a cell. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38131 neuregulin receptor activity F Combining with a neuregulin, a member of the EGF family of growth factors, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
38132 neuregulin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a neuregulin, a member of the EGF family of growth factors.
38133 ERBB2-ERBB3 signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to a ERBB3 receptor on the surface of a cell, followed by transmission of the signal by a heterodimeric complex of ERBB2 and ERBB3. ERBB2, which does not bind any known ligand, is activated through formation of a heterodimer with another ligand-activated ERBB family member such as ERBB3. ERBB3 also has impaired kinase activity and relies on ERBB2 for activation and signal transmission.
38134 ERBB2-EGFR signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ERBB1) on the surface of a cell, followed by transmission of the signal by a heterodimeric complex of ERBB2 and EGFR. ERBB2, which does not bind any known ligand, is activated through formation of a heterodimer with another ligand-activated ERBB family member such as EGFR.
38135 ERBB2-ERBB4 signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to a ERBB4 receptor on the surface of a cell, followed by transmission of the signal by a heterodimeric complex of ERBB2 and ERBB4. ERBB2, which does not bind any known ligand, is activated through formation of a heterodimer with another ligand-activated ERBB family member such as ERBB4.
38136 ERBB3-ERBB4 signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals transmitted by a heterodimeric complex of the tyrosine kinase receptors ERBB3 and ERBB4. The pathway begins with binding of a ligand to either cell surface receptor, or the dimeric receptor complex, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38137 ERBB4-EGFR signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals transmitted by a heterodimeric complex of the tyrosine kinase receptors EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor/ERBB1) and ERBB4. The pathway begins with binding of a ligand to either cell surface receptor, or the dimeric receptor complex, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38138 ERBB4-ERBB4 signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the tyrosine kinase receptor ERBB4, followed by ligand-induced homodimerization of ERBB4 and transmission of the signal into the cell by the homodimeric ERBB4 complex. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38139 ERBB4-EGFR complex C A heterodimeric complex between the tyrosine kinase receptors ERBB4 (also called HER4) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ERBB1).
38140 ERBB4-ERBB3 complex C A heterodimeric complex between the tyrosine kinase receptors ERBB4 (also called HER4) and ERBB3 (also called HER3). ERBB3 has impaired kinase activity so relies on the kinase activity of its heterodimer partner for activation and signal transmission.
38141 ERBB4-ERBB4 complex C A homodimeric complex containing two monomers of the tyrosine kinase receptor ERBB4 (also called HER4).
38142 EGFR:ERBB2 complex C A heterodimeric complex between the tyrosine kinase receptor ERBB2 and a ligand-activated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ERBB1). ERBB2, which does not bind any known ligand, is activated through formation of a heterodimer with another ligand-activated ERBB family member such as EGFR.
38143 ERBB3:ERBB2 complex C A heterodimeric complex between the tyrosine kinase receptor ERBB2 and a ligand-activated receptor ERBB3. ERBB2, which does not bind any known ligand, is activated through formation of a heterodimer with another ligand-activated ERBB family member such as ERBB3.
38144 ERBB4:ERBB2 complex C A heterodimeric complex between the tyrosine kinase receptor ERBB2 and a ligand-activated receptor ERBB4. ERBB2, which does not bind any known ligand, is activated through formation of a heterodimer with another ligand-activated ERBB family member such as ERBB4.
38145 macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the cytokine macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38146 chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the chemokine CXCL12 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38147 C-X-C motif chemokine 12 receptor activity F Combining with the C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
38148 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the C-C chemokine CCL2 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38149 C-C motif chemokine 2 receptor activity F Combining with the C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
38150 C-C chemokine receptor CCR2 signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by a the C-C chemokine type 2 receptor (CCR2) on the surface of a cell binding to one of it's physiological ligands, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38151 CCL2-activated CCR2 signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the C-C chemokine CCL2 to a C-C chemokine type 2 receptor (CCR2) on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38152 C-C chemokine receptor CCR4 signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by a the C-C chemokine type 2 receptor (CCR4) on the surface of a cell binding to one of it's physiological ligands, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38153 CCL2-activated CCR4 signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the C-C chemokine CCL2 to a C-C chemokine type 4 receptor (CCR4) on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38154 interleukin-11-mediated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-11 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38155 interleukin-23-mediated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-23 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38156 interleukin-3-mediated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-3 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38157 granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the cytokine granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. GM-CSF binds to a heterodimer receptor (CSF2R) consisting of an alpha ligand-binding subunit, and a common beta subunit that is shared with other cytokine receptors.
38158 granulocyte colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the cytokine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. G-CSF binds to the receptor (CSF3R).
38159 C-X-C chemokine receptor CXCR4 signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by a the C-X-C chemokine type 4 receptor on the surface of a cell binding to one of it's physiological ligands, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38160 CXCL12-activated CXCR4 signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the C-X-C chemokine CXCL12 to a C-X-C chemokine type 4 receptor (CXCR4) on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38161 prolactin signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the peptide hormone prolactin to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38162 erythropoietin-mediated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of erythropoietin (EPO) to the erythropoietin receptor (EPO-R) on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38163 thrombopoietin-mediated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a thrombopoietin to the thrombopoietin receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38164 thrombopoietin receptor activity F Combining with the glycoprotein thrombopoietin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
38165 oncostatin-M-mediated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of oncostatin-M (OSM) to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. OSM can signal via at least two different receptors (a specific receptor and a LIF receptor) to activate different downstream signal transduction pathways.
38166 angiotensin-activated signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of angiotensin II binding to an angiotensin receptor on the surface of the cell, and proceeding with the activated receptor transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex to initiate a change in cell activity. Ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38167 epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway via positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an epidermal growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands, where the signal is passed on within the cell via activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB.
38168 epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway via I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an epidermal growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands, where the signal is passed on within the cell via I-kappaB-kinase (IKK)-dependent activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB.
38169 somatostatin receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a somatostatin receptor (SSTR) binding to one of its physiological ligands and transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38170 somatostatin signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the peptide somatostatin (SST) binding to a somatostatin receptor (SSTR). The pathway proceeds with the receptor transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38171 cannabinoid signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a cannabinoid binding to a cell surface receptor. The pathway proceeds with the receptor transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Cannabinoids are a class of diverse chemical compounds that include the endocannabinoids and the phytocannabinoids.
38172 interleukin-33-mediated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-33 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38173 interleukin-17A-mediated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-17A to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38174 interleukin-17A receptor activity F Combining with the cytokine interleukin-17A and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
38175 negative regulation of SREBP signaling pathway in response to increased oxygen levels P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the SREBP signaling pathway in response to an increase in oxygen levels.
38176 positive regulation of SREBP signaling pathway in response to decreased oxygen levels P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the SREBP signaling pathway in response to a decrease in oxygen levels.
38177 death receptor agonist activity F Interacting with a death receptor such that the proportion of death receptors in an active form is increased. Ligand binding to a death receptor often induces a conformational change to activate the receptor.
38178 complement component C5a signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a the C5a component of the complement pathway binding to a complement receptor, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process. C5a is a peptide derived from the C5 complement factor.
38179 neurotrophin signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a neurotrophin to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Neurotrophins are a family of secreted growth factors that induce the survival, development, and function of neurons.
38180 nerve growth factor signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of nerve growth factor (NGF) to a receptor on the surface of the target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38181 bile acid receptor activity F Combining with a bile acid and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity. A bile acid is any member of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile.
38182 G-protein coupled bile acid receptor activity F Combining with an extracellular bile acid and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
38183 bile acid signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a bile acid to a receptor, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38184 cell surface bile acid receptor signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a bile acid to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38185 intracellular bile acid receptor signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by a bile acid binding to an receptor located within a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38186 lithocholic acid receptor activity F Combining with lithocholic acid and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.
38187 pattern recognition receptor activity F Combining with a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), a structure conserved among microbial species, or damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP), an endogenous molecule released from damaged cells), to initiate a change in cell activity.
38188 cholecystokinin signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of cholecystokinin binding to a receptor on the surface of the cell, and proceeding with the activated receptor transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex to initiate a change in cell activity. Ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38189 neuropilin signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to an neuropilin protein on the surface of a target cell, followed by transmission of the signal, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38190 VEGF-activated neuropilin signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to a neuropilin protein on the surface of a target cell, followed by transmission of the signal, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38191 neuropilin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a member of the neuropilin family.
38192 gastric inhibitory peptide signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) binding to a cell surface receptor. The pathway proceeds with the receptor transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38193 thromboxane A2 signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of thromboxane A2 binding to a cell surface receptor. The pathway proceeds with the receptor transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38194 thyroid-stimulating hormone signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin) binding to a cell surface receptor. The pathway proceeds with the receptor transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38195 urokinase plasminogen activator signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of urokinase plasminogen activator to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
38196 type III interferon signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a type III interferon to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Interferon lambda is the only member of the type III interferon found so far.
38197 type I interferon receptor complex C A heterodimeric protein complex that binds a type I interferon and transmits the signal across the membrane into the cell. Consists of an alpha subunit (IFNAR1) and a beta subunit (IFNAR2).
38198 auxin receptor activity F Combining with auxin and transmitting the signal in the cell to initiate a change in cell activity. Auxin is a plant hormone (phytohormone).
38199 ethylene receptor activity F Combining with ethylene and transmitting the signal in the cell to initiate a change in cell activity.
38200 ethylene receptor histidine kinase activity F Combining with ethylene and transmitting the signal within the cell to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-histidine = ADP + a protein-L-histidine phosphate.
38201 TOR complex C A protein complex that contains at least TOR (target of rapamycin) in complex with other signaling components. Mediates the phosphorylation and activation of downstream signaling components including PKB (AKT) or S6K.
38202 TORC1 signaling P A series of intracellular molecular signals mediated by TORC1; TOR (target of rapamycin) in complex with at least Raptor (regulatory-associated protein of TOR), or orthologs of, and other signaling components.
38203 TORC2 signaling P A series of intracellular molecular signals mediated by TORC2; TOR (rapamycin-insensitive companion of TOR) in complex with at least Rictor (regulatory-associated protein of TOR), or orthologs of, and other signaling components.
39003 pronephric field specification P The process in which regions of the embryo are delineated into the area in which the pronephric kidney will develop.
39004 specification of pronephric proximal tubule identity P The process in which the proximal tubule of the pronephric nephron acquires its identity.
39005 specification of pronephric tubule identity P The process in which the tubules arranged along the proximal/distal axis of the pronephric nephron acquire their identity.
39006 pronephric nephron tubule formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a pronephric nephron tubule from unspecified parts. A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of a nephron in the pronephros.
39007 pronephric nephron morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the pronephric nephron are generated and organized. A pronephric nephron is the functional unit of the pronephros.
39008 pronephric nephron tubule morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of a pronephric nephron tubule are generated and organized from an epithelium. A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephric nephron.
39009 rectal diverticulum development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the rectal diverticulum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The rectal diverticulum is an outgrowth of the cloaca and links the pronephric kidney to the exterior.
39010 specification of pronephric distal tubule identity P The process in which the distal tubule of the pronephric nephron acquires its identity.
39011 pronephric proximal tubule morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of a pronephric nephron proximal tubule are generated and organized. A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephros.
39012 pronephric sinus development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pronephric sinus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pronephric sinus is an ill-defined capillary network that lies between the pronephric tubules.
39013 pronephric distal tubule morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of a pronephric nephron distal tubule are generated and organized. A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephros.
39014 cell differentiation involved in pronephros development P The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the pronephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
39015 cell proliferation involved in pronephros development P The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of the population in the pronephros.
39016 cell-cell signaling involved in pronephros development P Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the progression of the pronephros over time, from its formation to the mature organ.
39017 pattern specification involved in pronephros development P Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the pronephros to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.
39018 nephrostome development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nephrostome over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The nephrostome is the opening of the pronephros into the body cavity.
39019 pronephric nephron development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pronephric nephron over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pronephric nephron is the functional unit of the pronephros.
39020 pronephric nephron tubule development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pronephric nephron tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephric nephron and connects the filtration unit (glomerulus or glomus) of the pronephros to the pronephric duct.
39021 pronephric glomerulus development P The progression of the glomerulus of the pronephric kidney over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The pronephric glomerulus is part of the pronephric nephron and is restricted to one body segment.
39022 pronephric duct development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pronephric duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pronephric duct collects the filtrate from the pronephric tubules and opens to the exterior of the pronephric kidney.
39023 pronephric duct morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the pronephric duct are generated and organized. The pronephric duct collects the filtrate from the pronephric tubules and opens to the exterior of the kidney.
39501 suppression by virus of host type I interferon production P Any viral process that results in the inhibition of host cell type I interferon production. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.
39502 suppression by virus of host type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of type I interferon-mediated signaling in the host organism. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.
39503 suppression by virus of host innate immune response P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response of the host organism, the host's first line of defense.
39504 suppression by virus of host adaptive immune response P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the adaptive immune response of the host organism, an immune response based on directed amplification of specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process, and allowing for enhanced response to subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory).
39505 suppression by virus of host antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II P Any viral process that inhibits a host antigen-presenting cell expressing a peptide antigen on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex.
39506 modulation by virus of host molecular function P The process in which a virus effects a change in the function of a host protein via a direct interaction.
39507 suppression by virus of host molecular function P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the functional activity of a host protein.
39508 suppression by virus of host receptor activity P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the functional activity of a host receptor.
39509 suppression by virus of host pattern recognition receptor activity P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the functional activity of a host pattern recognition receptor. A pattern recognition receptor combines with a molecular pattern based on a repeating or polymeric structure, such as a polysaccharide or peptidoglycan, to initiate a change in cell activity.
39510 suppression by virus of host ATP-dependent RNA helicase activity P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host ATP-dependent RNA helicase activity.
39511 suppression by virus of host interferon receptor activity P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the functional activity of a host interferon receptor.
39512 suppression by virus of host protein tyrosine kinase activity P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host protein tyrosine kinase activity.
39513 suppression by virus of host catalytic activity P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host enzyme activity.
39514 suppression by virus of host JAK-STAT cascade P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the JAK-STAT signal cascade in the host organism.
39516 modulation by virus of host catalytic activity P The process in which a virus effects a change in host enzyme activity.
39517 modulation by virus of host protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity P The process in which a virus effects a change in host protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity.
39518 suppression by virus of host cytokine activity P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host cytokine activity.
39519 modulation by virus of host autophagy P Any process in which a virus effect a change in the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy in the host.
39520 induction by virus of host autophagy P Any process in which a virus activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy in the host.
39521 suppression by virus of host autophagy P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy in the host.
39522 suppression by virus of host mRNA export from nucleus P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of movement of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in the host organism.
39523 suppression by virus of host RNA polymerase II activity P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host RNA polymerase II activity.
39524 suppression by virus of host mRNA processing P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA processing in the host cell. mRNA processing is the conversion of a primary mRNA transcript into one or more mature mRNA(s) prior to translation into polypeptide.
39525 modulation by virus of host chromatin organization P Any process in which a virus effects a change in the organization of chromatin in the host.
39526 modulation by virus of host apoptotic process P Any process in which a virus modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptosis of infected host cells.
39527 suppression by virus of host TRAF-mediated signal transduction P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of TRAF-mediated signal transduction in the host.
39528 cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway in response to virus P Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a virus or viral RNA binding to a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) located in the cytoplasm. Cytosolic PRRs such as RIG-I (DDX58) and MDA-5 (IFIH1) detect RNA synthesized during active viral replication and trigger a signaling pathway to protect the host against viral infection, for example by inducing the expression of antiviral cytokines.
39529 RIG-I signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) RIG-1 (also known as DDX58) binding to viral RNA. RIG-I detects RNA synthesized during active viral replication and triggers a signaling pathway to protect the host against viral infection, for example by inducing the expression of antiviral cytokines.
39530 MDA-5 signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) MDA-5 (also known as IFIH1) binding to viral RNA. MDA-5 detects RNA synthesized during active viral replication and triggers a signaling pathway to protect the host against viral infection, for example by inducing the expression of antiviral cytokines.
39531 regulation of viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a virus or viral RNA binding to a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) located in the cytoplasm.
39532 negative regulation of viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a virus or viral RNA binding to a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) located in the cytoplasm.
39533 regulation of MDA-5 signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) MDA-5 (also known as IFIH1) binding to viral RNA.
39534 negative regulation of MDA-5 signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) MDA-5 (also known as IFIH1) binding to viral RNA.
39535 regulation of RIG-I signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) RIG-1 (also known as DDX58) binding to viral RNA.
39536 negative regulation of RIG-I signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) RIG-1 (also known as DDX58) binding to viral RNA.
39537 suppression by virus of host viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a virus or viral RNA binding to a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) located in the cytoplasm. This is a mechanism by which the virus evades the host innate immune response.
39538 suppression by virus of host RIG-I signaling pathway P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) RIG-1 (also known as DDX58) binding to viral RNA. This is a mechanism by which the virus evades the host innate immune response.
39539 suppression by virus of host MDA-5 signaling pathway P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) MDA-5 (also known as IFIH1) binding to viral RNA. This is a mechanism by which the virus evades the host innate immune response.
39540 suppression by virus of host RIG-I activity P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of RIG-1 (also known as DDX58). The cytoplasmic pattern recognition RIG-I recognizes viral RNA synthesized during active viral replication and signals to protect the host against viral infection, for example by inducing the expression of antiviral cytokines.
39541 suppression by virus of host RIG-I via RIG-I binding P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of RIG-I (also known as DDX58) by interacting selectively and non-covalently with RIG-I itself.
39542 suppression by virus of host RIG-I K63-linked ubiquitination P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of K63-linked ubiquitination of RIG-I (also known as DDX58), thereby suppressing RIG-I signal transduction. Lys63-linked ubiquitination of the N-terminal CARD domains of RIG-I is crucial for the cytosolic RIG-I signaling pathway to elicit host antiviral innate immunity.
39543 suppression by virus of host RIG-I activity by viral RNA 5' processing P The post-transcriptional removal by a virus of the 5' triphosphate group of their viral RNA, thereby preventing host RIG-I from recognizing viral RNA in the host cell. The intracellular pattern recognition receptor RIG-I (also known as DDX58) recognizes viral RNAs containing 5' triphosphates; removal by the virus of the 5'-terminal triphosphate group from their genome protects the viral RNA from RIG-recognition.
39544 suppression by virus of host RIG-I activity by RIG-I proteolysis P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by a virus resulting in the hydrolysis of the host RIG-I protein (also known as DDX58) by cleavage of peptide bonds, thereby inhibiting RIG-I signal transduction.
39545 suppression by virus of host MAVS activity P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of MAVS (mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein), a signal transducer that lies downstream of the viral RNA receptors MDA-5 and RIG-I to coordinate host innate immune responses.
39546 suppression by virus of host MAVS activity by MAVS proteolysis P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by a virus resulting in the hydrolysis of the host MAVS (mitochondrial inhibitor of viral signaling) protein by cleavage of peptide bonds, thereby inhibiting the host innate immune response. For example, MAVS harbors a C-terminal transmembrane domain that targets it to the mitochondrial outer membrane; cleavage within this domain removes MAVS from the membrane, thus preventing it from signaling.
39547 suppression by virus of host TRAF activity P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of a host TRAF (tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor) protein. TRAFs are intracellular signal transducers that lie downstream of receptors including RIG-I, MDA-5 and Toll-like receptors (TLR) and transfer the signal to other intracellular signaling components.
39548 suppression by virus of host IRF3 activity P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of host IRF3 (interferon regulatory factor-3), a transcription factor in the RIG-I/MDA-5 signaling pathway. Viral infection triggers phosphorylation of cytoplasmic IRF3, which allows IRF3 to form a homodimer, migrate to the nucleus, and activate transcription of IFN-alpha and IFN-beta genes.
39549 suppression by virus of host IRF3 activity by inhibition of IRF3 phosphorylation P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of the phosphorylation of IRF3 (interferon regulatory factor-3), thereby inhibiting IRF3 activation. In response to signaling from RIG-1/MDA-5 receptors, IRF3 is phosphorylated on multiple serine and threonine residues; phosphorylation results in the cytoplasm-to-nucleus translocation of IRF3, DNA binding, and increased transcriptional activation of interferon-encoding genes.
39550 suppression by virus of host IRF3 activity by inhibition of DNA binding P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces IRF3-dependent gene transcription, by preventing or reducing IRF3 binding to promoter sites.
39551 suppression by virus of host IRF3 activity by positive regulation of IRF3 catabolic process P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of host IRF3 (interferon regulatory factor-3) by promoting the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of IRF3, mediated by the proteasome.
39552 RIG-I binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with RIG-I, a cytosolic pattern recognition receptor that initiates an antiviral signaling pathway upon binding to viral RNA.
39553 suppression by virus of host chemokine activity P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host chemokine activity.
39554 suppression by virus of host MDA-5 activity P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of MDA-5 (also known as IFIH1). The cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor MDA-5 detects dsRNA synthesized during active viral replication and triggers a signaling pathway to protect the host against viral infection, for example by inducing the expression of antiviral cytokines.
39555 suppression by virus of host MDA-5 activity via MDA-5 binding P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of MDA-5 (also known as IFIH1) by interacting selectively and non-covalently with MDA-5 itself. For example, direct binding of viral proteins to the host MDA-5 protein can inhibit interaction of MDA-5 with MAVS, its downstream signaling effector.
39556 MDA-5 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with MDA-5, a cytosolic pattern recognition receptor that initiates an antiviral signaling pathway upon binding to viral dsRNA.
39557 suppression by virus of host IRF7 activity P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of host IRF7 (interferon regulatory factor-7), a transcription factor in the RIG-I/MDA-5 signaling pathway. Viral infection triggers phosphorylation of cytoplasmic IRF7, which allows IRF7 to form a homodimer, migrate to the nucleus, and activate transcription of IFN-alpha and IFN-beta genes.
39558 suppression by virus of host IRF7 activity by positive regulation of IRF7 sumoylation P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces IRF7-dependent gene transcription, by promoting the sumoylation of IRF7, thereby disabling its activity.
39559 suppression by virus of host IRF7 activity by positive regulation of IRF7 catabolic process P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of host IRF7 (interferon regulatory factor-7) by promoting the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of IRF7, mediated by the proteasome.
39560 suppression by virus of host IRF9 activity P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of host IRF9 (interferon regulatory factor-9), a transcription factor involved in the innate immune response. Viral infection triggers binding of IRF9 to phosphorylated STAT1 and STAT2, forming the ISGF3 complex. The ISGF3 complex migrates to the nucleus and activates transcription of IFN-responsive genes.
39561 suppression by virus of host IRF9 activity by positive regulation of IRF9 localization to nucleus P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of host IRF9 (interferon regulatory factor-9) by promoting the nuclear accumulation of IRF9. For example, the reovirus mu2 protein promotes nuclear accumulation of host IRF9 by an as yet unconfirmed-mechanism.
39562 suppression by virus of host STAT activity P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) activity. STATs are SH2 domain-containing proteins which lie downstream of many signaling receptors. Upon phosphorylation by JAKs, STAT proteins hetero- or homo-dimerize and translocate to the nucleus to activate transcription of target genes.
39563 suppression by virus of host STAT1 activity P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription-1) activity. STATs are SH2 domain-containing proteins which lie downstream of many signaling receptors. Upon phosphorylation by JAKs, STAT proteins hetero- or homo-dimerize and translocate to the nucleus to activate transcription of target genes.
39564 suppression by virus of host STAT2 activity P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host STAT2 (signal transducer and activator of transcription-2) activity. STATs are SH2 domain-containing proteins which lie downstream of many signaling receptors. Upon phosphorylation by JAKs, STAT proteins hetero- or homo-dimerize and translocate to the nucleus to activate transcription of target genes.
39565 suppression by virus of host STAT1 activity by positive regulation of STAT1 catabolic process P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of host STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription-1) by promoting the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of STAT1, mediated by the proteasome.
39566 suppression by virus of host STAT1 activity by tyrosine dephosphorylation of STAT1 P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription-1) activity by the removal of phosphoric residues from STAT1-O-phospho-tyrosine to form STAT1-tyrosine. For example, the viral phosphatase VH1 dephosphorylates STAT1 to reverse STAT1 activation.
39567 suppression by virus of host STAT1 activity by negative regulation of STAT protein import into nucleus P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription-1) activity by retaining STAT1 in the cytoplasm, so STAT1 is unable to translocate to the nucleus to activate transcription of its target genes.
39568 suppression by virus of host STAT1 activity by inhibition of DNA binding P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces STAT1-dependent gene transcription, by preventing STAT1 from binding to promoter sites in the nucleus.
39569 suppression by virus of host STAT2 activity by positive regulation of STAT2 catabolic process P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of host STAT2 (signal transducer and activator of transcription-2) by promoting the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of STAT2, mediated by the proteasome.
39570 suppression by virus of host STAT2 activity by negative regulation of STAT protein import into nucleus P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host STAT2 (signal transducer and activator of transcription-2) activity by retaining STAT2 in the cytoplasm, so STAT2 is unable to translocate to the nucleus to activate transcription of its target genes.
39571 suppression by virus of host STAT1 activity by negative regulation of STAT1 tyrosine phosphorylation P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription-1) activity by stopping, preventing, or reducing the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT1 protein. For example, the measles virus V protein inhibits tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1, thereby preventing STAT1 activation.
39572 suppression by virus of host STAT2 activity by negative regulation of STAT2 tyrosine phosphorylation P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host STAT2 (signal transducer and activator of transcription-2) activity by stopping, preventing, or reducing the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT2 protein. For example, the measles virus V protein inhibits tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT2, thereby preventing STAT2 activation.
39573 suppression by virus of host complement activation P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation. The activation of complement involves the sequential proteolysis of proteins to generate enzymes with catalytic activities. The biological functions of the complement include opsonization, inflammation, lysis of immune complexes, or enhancement of the humoral immune response. For example, the virus complement control protein (VCP) of vaccinia virus, and the complement control protein of herpesvirus inhibit C3 convertase.
39574 suppression by virus of host TYK2 activity P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host TYK2 (tyrosine kinase 2) activity. TYK2 is an intracellular signal-transducing tyrosine kinase that associates with the cytoplasmic tails of cytokine receptors and transmits the cytokine signal by phosphorylating receptor subunits.
39575 suppression by virus of host TYK2 activity by negative regulation of TYK2 tyrosine phosphorylation P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host TYK2 (tyrosine kinase 2) activity by stopping, preventing or reducing phosphorylation and thereby activation of TYK2.
39576 suppression by virus of host JAK1 activity P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host JAK1 (Janus Kinase 1) activity. In the host, binding of a ligand to a receptor triggers activation of JAK proteins, which phosphorylate tyrosine residues on the receptor creating sites for STAT proteins to bind, which are in turn phosphorylated and activated by JAK proteins. By blocking JAK1 activity, many viruses block the host signal transduction pathway.
39577 suppression by virus of host JAK1 activity by negative regulation of JAK1 phosphorylation P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host JAK1 (Janus Kinase 1) activity by stopping, preventing or reducing tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK1 and thereby activation of JAK1.
39578 suppression by virus of host JAK1 activity via JAK1 binding P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host JAK1 (Janus Kinase 1) activity by interacting directly and selectively with JAK1. For example, the polyoma virus T antigen binds to JAK1 and renders it inactive.
39579 suppression by virus of host ISG15 activity P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host ubiquitin-like protein ISG15 activity. ISG15 is a ubiquitin-like protein that is conjugated to lysine residues on various target proteins. Viruses escape from the antiviral activity of ISG15 by using different mechanisms; the influenza B virus NS1 protein for instance blocks the covalent linkage of ISG15 to its target proteins by directly interacting with ISG15. The papain-like protease from the coronavirus cleaves ISG15 derivatives.
39580 suppression by virus of host PKR activity P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host PKR (protein kinase regulated by RNA) activity. Activation of PKR involves dsRNA binding followed by autophosphorylation. Phosphorylated PKR can then phosphorylate downstream targets such as the translation initiation factor eIF2 to inhibit protein synthesis. Viruses encode a number of mechanisms to inhibit the host antiviral response via PKR, including direct interaction with PKR, promoting degradation of PKR or altering the subcellular location of PKR.
39581 suppression by virus of host PKR activity via double-stranded RNA binding P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host PKR (protein kinase regulated by RNA) activity by interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Binding of viral proteins to RNA may sequester or alter the RNA so it can not be recognized by host PKR, or may compete with PKR for dsRNA binding.
39582 suppression by virus of host PKR activity by positive regulation of PKR nuclear localization P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host PKR (protein kinase regulated by RNA) activity by promoting the localization of PKR in the nucleus. For example, human cytomegalovirus (HMCV) gene products directly interact with PKR and inhibit its activation by sequestering it in the nucleus, away from both its activator (cytoplasmic dsRNA) and its substrate, (eIF2alpha).
39583 suppression by virus of host PKR activity by positive regulation of PKR catabolic process P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host PKR (protein kinase regulated by RNA) activity by promoting the degradation of PKR via the proteosome. For example, the Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) NSs protein induces the down-regulation of PKR by degradation through proteasomes.
39584 suppression by virus of host protein kinase activity P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host protein kinase activity.
39585 PKR signal transduction P A series of reactions in which a signal is passed on to downstream proteins within the cell via PKR, an intracellular protein kinase that is activated by stress signals or upon binding to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), followed by autophosphorylation. PKR plays a role in the antiviral response, phosphorylating proteins such as the translation initiation factor eIF2 to inhibit protein synthesis during viral infection. Begins with activation of PKR activity, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or inhibition of translation.
39586 modulation by virus of host PP1 activity P The process in which a virus effects a change in host protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) activity, a serine/threonine phosphatase. Different viruses modulate host PP1 activity to remove phosphates from various cellular substrates and downregulate the host's antiviral response.
39587 suppression by virus of host tetherin activity P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of host tetherin activity. Tetherin (also known as BST2) is an alpha interferon-inducible cellular factor that impairs the release of many enveloped viruses. By blocking tetherin activity, many viruses circumvent its antiviral effects.
39588 suppression by virus of host antigen processing and presentation P Any viral process that inhibits a host antigen-presenting cell expressing a peptide antigen on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.
39589 suppression by virus of host TAP complex P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of the host TAP complex, a heterodimer composed of the subunits TAP1 and TAP2 (transporter associated with antigen presentation). The TAP complex functions in the transport of antigenic peptides from the cytosol to the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum, where they are loaded onto the MHC class I. By inhibiting the TAP complex, the virus prevents viral particles being presented at the cell surface, and thus evades the host immune response.
39591 suppression by virus of host tapasin activity P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host tapasin (TAP binding protein/TAPBP) activity. Tapasin is a type I transmembrane protein essential for the optimal expression of stable MHC class I molecules on the host cell surface. By inhibiting host tapasin activity, viruses can prevent presentation of their antigens at the cell surface, and thereby evade the host anti-viral immune response.
39592 suppression by virus of G2/M transition of host mitotic cell cycle P Any viral process that decreases the rate or extent of progression from G2 phase to M phase of the host mitotic cell cycle.
39593 suppression by virus of host exit from mitosis P Any viral process which decreases the rate or extent of a host cell leaving M phase of the cell cycle. M phase is the part of the mitotic cell cycle during which mitosis and cytokinesis take place.
39594 endoribonuclease activity involved in viral induction of host mRNA catabolic process F Any endoribonuclease activity that contributes to the viral-induced catabolism of host mRNA.
39595 induction by virus of catabolism of host mRNA P The process in which a virus increases the frequency, rate or extent of the breakdown of host messenger RNA (mRNA).
39596 modulation by virus of host protein dephosphorylation P Any viral process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dephosphorylation of a host protein.
39597 induction by virus of host endoribonuclease activity P Any viral process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of host endoribonuclease activity.
39599 cleavage by virus of host mRNA P Any process in which a host pre-mRNA or mRNA molecule is cleaved at specific sites or in a regulated manner by a viral endoribonuclease.
39600 induction by virus of host endonucleolytic cleavage-dependent mRNA catabolic process P The process in which a virus increases the frequency, rate or extent of the breakdown of host nuclear-transcribed mRNAs that begins with endonucleolytic cleavage (by either a host or a viral RNAse) to generate unprotected ends.
39602 suppression by virus of host transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex (PIC) at an RNA polymerase II promoter region of a host DNA template.
39603 TBP-class protein binding involved in viral suppression of host transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter F Selective and non-covalent interaction of a viral protein with a member of the class of TATA-binding proteins (TBP) in the host, including any of the TBP-related factors (TRFs), which contributes to the viral-suppression of assembly of the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex (PIC) at an RNA polymerase II promoter region of a host DNA template.
39604 suppression by virus of host translation P Any process in which a virus prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translation of host mRNA.
39605 TFIIB-class transcription factor binding involved in viral suppression of host transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter F Selective and non-covalent interaction of a viral protein with a member of the TFIIB-class of host transcription factors, which contributes to the viral-suppression of assembly of the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex (PIC) at an RNA polymerase II promoter region of a host DNA template.
39606 suppression by virus of host translation initiation P Any process in which a virus prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host translation initiation, the host process preceding formation of the peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a protein.
39607 proteolysis by virus of host translation initiation factor P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by a virus resulting in the hydrolysis of a host translation initiation factor by cleavage of its peptide bonds.
39608 suppression by virus of host translation initiation factor activity by induction of host protein dephosphorylation P Any process in which a virus prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activity of a host translation initiation factor by promoting dephosphorylation of a host protein.
39611 suppression by virus of host translation initiation factor activity P Any process in which a virus prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activity of a host translation initiation factor.
39612 modulation by virus of host protein phosphorylation P Any viral process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphorylation of viral or host proteins in a host.
39613 suppression by virus of host protein phosphorylation P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphorylation of viral or host proteins in a host.
39614 induction by virus of host protein phosphorylation P Any process in which a virus activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphorylation of viral or host proteins in a host.
39615 T=1 icosahedral viral capsid C The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with T=1 symmetry. The T=1 capsid is composed of 12 pentameric capsomeres.
39616 T=2 icosahedral viral capsid C The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with T=2 symmetry. The T=2 capsid is composed of 12 pentameric dimers.
39617 T=3 icosahedral viral capsid C The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with T=3 symmetry. The T=3 capsid is composed of 12 pentameric and 20 hexameric capsomeres.
39618 T=pseudo3 icosahedral viral capsid C The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with pseudo T=3 symmetry. The T=pseudo3 capsid is composed of 12 pentameric and 20 hexameric capsomeres.
39619 T=4 icosahedral viral capsid C The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with T=4 symmetry. The T=4 capsid is composed of 12 pentameric and 30 hexameric capsomeres.
39620 T=7 icosahedral viral capsid C The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with T=7 symmetry. The T=7 capsid is composed of 12 pentameric and 60 hexameric capsomeres.
39621 T=13 icosahedral viral capsid C The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with T=13 symmetry. The T=13 capsid is composed of 12 pentameric and 120 hexameric capsomeres.
39622 T=16 icosahedral viral capsid C The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with T=16 symmetry. The T=16 capsid is composed of 12 pentameric and 150 hexameric capsomeres.
39623 T=25 icosahedral viral capsid C The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with T=25 symmetry. The T=25 capsid is composed of 12 pentameric and 240 hexameric capsomeres.
39624 viral outer capsid C The outer layer of a double or triple concentric icosahedral capsid. Outer capsids are part of reoviridae and cystoviridae virions.
39625 viral inner capsid C The inner layer of a double or triple concentric icosahedral capsid. Inner capsids are part of reoviridae and cystoviridae virions.
39626 viral intermediate capsid C The intermediate layer of a triple concentric icosahedral capsid. Intermediate capsids are part of reoviridae virions.
39627 T=147 icosahedral capsid C The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with T=147 symmetry. T=147 icosahedral capsid is composed of 12 pentameric and 1460 hexameric capsomeres for a total of 8820 capsid proteins.
39628 T=169 icosahedral viral capsid C The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with T=169 symmetry. T=169 icosahedral capsid is composed of 12 pentameric and 1680 hexameric capsomeres for a total of 10140 capsid proteins.
39629 T=219 icosahedral capsid C The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with T=219 symmetry. T=219 icosahedral capsid is composed of 12 pentameric and 2180 hexameric capsomeres for a total of 13140 capsid proteins.
39630 RNA translocase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to drive movement along a single- or double-stranded RNA molecule.
39631 DNA translocase activity involved in viral DNA genome packaging F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to drive movement along a single- or double-stranded DNA molecule, that contributes to the packing of viral DNA into a capsid.
39632 RNA translocase activity involved in viral RNA genome packaging F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to drive movement along a single- or double-stranded RNA molecule, which contributes to the packaging of viral RNA into a nucleocapsid.
39633 killing by virus of host cell P Any process mediated by a virus that results in the death of a cell in the host organism.
39634 killing by virus of host cell during superinfection exclusion P The viral-killing of a host cell by a pre-existing virus in response to a subsequent infection of the host cell by second virus.
39635 suppression by virus of host peptidoglycan biosynthetic process P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of peptidoglycan biosynthesis in the host organism. Peptidoglycans are any of a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls.
39636 suppression by virus of host cell wall biogenesis P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell wall biogenesis in the host organism. Cell wall biogenesis includes the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, and the assembly and arrangement of these constituent parts.
39637 catabolism by virus of host DNA P The breakdown of host DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, by a virus.
39638 lipopolysaccharide-mediated virion attachment to host cell P The process by which a virion attaches to a host cell by binding to a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the host cell surface.
39639 suppression by virus of host cell lysis in response to superinfection P The prevention or delay of host cell lysis by a pre-existing virus in response to a subsequent infection of the host cell by second virus.
39640 cytolysis by virus via suppression of host peptidoglycan biosynthetic process P The killing by a virus of host cell by cytolysis, caused by a virus stopping, preventing, or reducing peptidoglycan biosynthesis in the host organism. Peptidoglycans are any of a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls.
39641 viral inner membrane C The lipid bilayer of a virion contained inside the protein capsid.
39642 virion nucleoid C The region of a virion in which the nucleic acid is confined.
39643 host cell viral nucleoid C The region of a host cell that contains the viral genome.
39644 suppression by virus of host NF-kappaB transcription factor activity P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of host NF-kappaB activity.
39645 modulation by virus of host G1/S transition checkpoint P Any viral process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the host cell G1/S transition checkpoint.
39646 modulation by virus of host G0/G1 transition checkpoint P Any viral process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the host cell G0/G1 transition checkpoint.
39647 suppression by virus of host poly(A)-binding protein activity P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) activity. PABP binds to the poly(A) tail of mRNA to facilitate translation.
39648 modulation by virus of host protein ubiquitination P Any process in which a virus modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein ubiquitination in the host organism. Ubiquitination is the process in which one or more ubiquitin groups are added to a protein.
39649 modulation by virus of host ubiquitin-protein ligase activity P The process in which a virus effects a change in host ubiquitin-protein ligase activity. Ubiquitin-protein ligase activity catalyzes the reaction: ATP + ubiquitin + protein lysine = AMP + diphosphate + protein N-ubiquityllysine.
39650 suppression by virus of host cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host caspase activity. Caspases are cysteine-type endopeptidases which contribute to the apoptotic process.
39651 induction by virus of host cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process P Any process in which a virus increases the frequency, rate or extent of host cysteine-type endopeptidase activity (also called caspase activity) which contributes to the apoptotic process.
39652 activation by virus of host NF-kappaB transcription factor activity P Any process in which a virus starts, promotes, or enhances the activity of the host transcription factor NF-kappaB.
39653 suppression by virus of host transcription P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of host DNA-dependent transcription; the cellular synthesis of RNA on a template of DNA. Viral proteins can interfere with either host RNA polymerase or with transcription factors.
39654 fusion of virus membrane with host endosome membrane P Fusion of a virus membrane with a host endosome membrane. Occurs after internalization of the virus through the endosomal pathway, and results in release of the virus contents into the cell.
39655 transport of virus in host, cell to cell via plasmodesmata P The transport of a virus between adjacent cells in a multicellular organism using plasmodesmata. Plasmodesma is a fine cytoplasmic channel found in all higher plants, which connects the cytoplasm of one cell to that of an adjacent cell.
39656 modulation by virus of host gene expression P The process in which a virus effects a change in gene expression in its host organism. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Some protein processing events may be included when they are required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
39657 suppression by virus of host gene expression P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression in the host organism. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Some protein processing events may be included when they are required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
39658 TBK1-IKKE-DDX3 complex C A protein complex containing TBK1 (TANK-binding kinase 1), IKBKE (I-Kappa-B kinase epsilon/IKKE/IKK-epsilon) and the DEAD box family RNA helicase DDX3.
39659 suppression by virus of host TBK1-IKBKE-DDX3 complex activity P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of the host TBK1-IKBKE-DDX3 complex.
39660 structural constituent of virion F The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a virion.
39661 host organelle outer membrane C The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing in a cellular organelle, lipid bilayer of an organelle envelope, occurring in a host cell.
39662 host cell outer membrane C A lipid bilayer that forms the outermost layer of the cell envelope, occurring in a host cell.
39663 membrane fusion involved in viral entry into host cell P Merging of the virion membrane and a host membrane (host plasma membrane or host organelle membrane) that is involved in the uptake of a virus into a host cell.
39664 lysis of host organelle involved in viral entry into host cell P The viral-induced lysis of an organelle (endosome, lysosome, or caveosome) that is involved in the uptake of a virus into a host cell. Occurs once the virus is within the organelle, and results in transfer of the viral contents from the organelle compartment into the cytoplasm.
39665 permeabilization of host organelle membrane involved in viral entry into host cell P Induction of organellar membrane permeabilization triggered by an interaction between the host membrane and a membrane-penetration protein associated with a viral capsid. Results in release of the virus contents from an organelle into the host cell cytoplasm.
39666 virion attachment to host cell pilus P The process by which a virion attaches to a host cell by binding to a pilus on the host cell surface. Pili are retractile filaments that protrude from gram-negative bacteria. Filamentous viruses can attach to the pilus tip, whereas icosahedral viruses can attach to the pilus side.
39667 viral entry into host cell via pilus retraction P The uptake of a virus or viral genetic material into a host cell which occurs through retraction of a virion-bound pilus.
39668 viral entry into host cell via pilus basal pore P The uptake of a virus or viral genetic material into a host cell which occurs through retraction of the virion-bound pilus, followed by entry of the viral genome into the host cell through the pilus basal pore. Filamentous bacteriophages absorb to the tip of the F-pili and can enter the bacterial cell in this way.
39669 viral entry into host cell via pilus retraction and membrane fusion P The uptake of a virus into a host cell which occurs via retraction of the viral-bound pilus to bring the virus in contact with the host cell membrane, followed by fusion of the bacteriophage membrane with the host outer membrane.
39670 viral capsid, turret C A turret-like appendage formed at the vertices of an icosahedral capsid.
39671 evasion by virus of host natural killer cell activity P Any process by which a virus avoids the effects mediated by the host organism's natural killer (NK) cells.
39672 suppression by virus of host natural killer cell activation P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell activation in the host.
39673 evasion by virus of host dendritic cell activity P Any process by which a virus avoids the effects mediated by the host organism's dendritic cells.
39674 exit of virus from host cell nucleus P The directed movement of the viral genome or a viral particle out of the host cell nucleus.
39675 exit of virus from host cell nucleus through nuclear pore P The directed movement of the viral genome or a viral particle out of the host cell nucleus through the nuclear pore.
39677 exit of virus from host cell nucleus via nuclear envelope disassembly P The directed movement of the viral genome or a viral particle out of the host cell nucleus that involves disruption of the nuclear membrane envelope by the virus.
39678 viral genome ejection through host cell envelope P Ejection by a non-enveloped prokaryotic virus of its genome into the host cytoplasm. Caudovirales carry an ejection apparatus that can be long and contractile, long and noncontractile, or short, and is able to penetrate the host cell envelope to deliver the viral genome into the host cell cytoplasm.
39679 viral occlusion body C A crystalline protein matrix surrounding the nucleocapsids of some insect viruses after their release in the environment. Produced in the host cell, the occlusion body protects the infectious virion after death of the host.
39680 actin-dependent intracellular transport of virus towards nucleus P The directed movement of a virus, or part of a virus, towards the host cell nucleus using actin filaments.
39682 rolling circle viral DNA replication P A process of unidirectional viral DNA replication that takes place on a circular DNA to rapidly produce numerous copies of the viral genome. Involves creating a nick in one strand of the circular DNA molecule at the origin of replication. DNA is then synthesized by DNA polymerase. Using the non-nicked strand as a template, replication proceeds around the circular DNA molecule, displacing the nicked strand as single-stranded DNA.
39683 rolling circle double-stranded viral DNA replication P A rolling circle viral DNA replication that begins with a double-stranded viral DNA genome.
39684 rolling circle single-stranded viral DNA replication P A rolling circle viral DNA replication that begins with a single-stranded viral DNA genome.
39685 rolling hairpin viral DNA replication P A viral DNA replication process where a 3' hairpin structure in the viral single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) template serves as a primer for host enzymes to synthesize DNA.
39686 bidirectional double-stranded viral DNA replication P A viral DNA replication process where replication occurs in both directions from the starting point. This creates two replication forks, moving in opposite directions.
39687 viral DNA strand displacement replication P A viral DNA replication process where only one strand is replicated at once, and which releases a single stranded DNA (ssDNA).
39688 viral double stranded DNA replication via reverse transcription P A DNA replication process that uses viral RNA as a template for RNA-dependent DNA polymerases (e.g. reverse transcriptase) that synthesize the new strands.
39689 negative stranded viral RNA replication P A viral genome replication process where the template genome is negative stranded, single stranded RNA ((-)ssRNA).
39690 positive stranded viral RNA replication P A viral genome replication process where the template genome is positive stranded, single stranded RNA ((+)ssRNA). Replication of the positive strand leads to dsRNA formation, which in turn is transcribed into positive single stranded RNA.
39691 double stranded viral RNA replication P A viral genome replication process where the template genome is double stranded RNA (dsRNA). Genomic dsRNA is first transcribed into single-stranded (ss) mRNA, which is then replicated to ds-genomic RNA.
39692 single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate P A viral genome replication where the template is single-stranded RNA (ssRNA), and which proceeds via a double stranded DNA (dsDNA) intermediate molecule. Viral genomic RNA is first reverse transcribed into dsDNA, which integrates into the host chromosomal DNA, where it is transcribed by host RNA polymerase II.
39693 viral DNA genome replication P The replication of a viral DNA genome.
39694 viral RNA genome replication P The replication of a viral RNA genome.
39695 DNA-templated viral transcription P A transcription process that uses a viral DNA as a template.
39696 RNA-templated viral transcription P A transcription process that uses viral RNA as a template.
39697 negative stranded viral RNA transcription P A viral transcription process that uses negative stranded (-) single stranded (ss) RNA as a template.
39698 polyadenylation of viral mRNA by polymerase stuttering P Polyadenylation of viral mRNA through a polymerase stuttering mechanism. The stop signal present at the end of each gene comprises a stretch of uridine on which the viral polymerase acquires a stuttering behavior: after each adenine inserted, the polymerase moves back one nucleotide along with the mRNA. It resumes transcription adding a new adenine, then again moves back, thereby producing a polyA tail.
39699 viral mRNA cap methylation P Methylation of the 2'-O-ribose of the first or second transcribed nucleotide of a viral mRNA. Methylation allows evasion of the host innate immune response, which degrades cap0 (non-methylated) mRNAs.
39700 fusion of viral membrane with host outer nuclear membrane P Fusion of a viral primary envelope with the host outer nuclear membrane during nuclear egress. The transitory primary envelope is acquired by the virus as it buds at the inner nuclear membrane and gains access to the perinuclear space. This membrane is lost by fusing with the host outer nuclear membrane during nuclear exit.
39701 microtubule-dependent intracellular transport of viral material towards cell periphery P The directed movement of the viral genome or a viral particle towards the cell periphery using host microtubules. Mostly used by viruses that replicate their genome near or in the nucleus to allows newly assembled viral progeny to reach the plasma membrane.
39702 viral budding via host ESCRT complex P Viral budding which uses a host ESCRT protein complex, or complexes, to mediate the budding process.
39703 RNA replication P The cellular metabolic process in which a cell duplicates one or more molecules of RNA.
39704 viral translational shunt P A viral translation initiation mechanism where ribosomes are loaded onto viral mRNA at the 5'-cap structure and start scanning for a short distance before by-passing the large internal leader region and initiating at a downstream start site.
39705 viral translational readthrough P The continuation of translation of a viral mRNA beyond a stop codon by the use of a special tRNA that recognizes the UAG and UGA codons as modified amino acids, rather than as termination codons.
39706 co-receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a coreceptor. A coreceptor acts in cooperation with a primary receptor to transmit a signal within the cell.
39707 pore formation by virus in membrane of host cell P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components by a virus to form a pore complex in a membrane of a host organism.
39708 nuclear capsid assembly P The assembly of a virus capsid that occurs in the nucleus. The assembly of large icosahedral shells for herpesviridae and adenoviridae requires structural proteins that act as chaperones for assembly.
39709 cytoplasmic capsid assembly P The assembly of a virus capsid that occurs in the cytoplasm.
39710 cytoplasmic icosahedral capsid assembly P The assembly of an icosahedral viral capsid in the cytoplasm. Often occurs by assembling around the viral genome.
39711 cytoplasmic helical capsid assembly P The assembly of a helical viral capsid in the cytoplasm. Occurs by assembling around the viral genome.
39712 induction by virus of host catalytic activity P Any viral process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of host catalytic activity.
39713 viral factory C An intracellular compartment in a host cell which increases the efficiency of viral replication and/or assembly, and shields the virus from host defenses. Viral factories can be either cytoplasmic or nuclear and often arise from extensive rearrangement of host cell cytoskeletal and/or cell membrane compartments.
39714 cytoplasmic viral factory C A viral factory located in the cytoplasm of a host cell.
39715 nuclear viral factory C A viral factory located in the nucleus of a host cell.
39716 viroplasm viral factory C A cytoplasmic viral factory that is electron dense due to high levels of viral RNA. Produced by nucleo-cytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDV) like Poxviridae, Asfarviridae and Iridoviridae, and dsRNA viruses like Reoviridae.
39717 spherule viral factory C A cytoplasmic viral factory which is a 50-400nm diameter membrane invagination. Spherules can appear on several enveloped cellular components depending on the virus.
39718 double membrane vesicle viral factory C A cytoplasmic viral factory that consists of a double-membrane bound vesicle. Has a diameter of 200-300nm and is derived from the endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus. Produced by Picornaviridae, Nidovirales, Arteriviridae and Coronaviridae.
39719 tube viral factory C A cytoplasmic viral factory derived from the Golgi in which Bunyaviridae replication takes place. Tubes are membranous structures close to the assembly and budding sites, and their function may be to connect viral replication and morphogenesis inside viral factories.
39720 virogenic stroma C A nuclear viral factory formed by Baculoviruses. A vesicular structure in which virions are assembled.
39721 peristromal region viral factory C A nuclear viral factory formed at the periphery of the host cell nucleus by Baculoviruses.
39722 suppression by virus of host toll-like receptor signaling pathway P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in the host organism.
39723 suppression by virus of host TBK1 activity P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of the host serine/threonine kinase TBK1.
39724 suppression by virus of host IKBKE activity P Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of the host I-kappa-B kinase epsilon (IKBKE/IKK-epsilon/IKK-E).
40001 establishment of mitotic spindle localization P The cell cycle process in which the directed movement of the mitotic spindle to a specific location in the cell occurs.
40002 collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle development P Synthesis and deposition of a collagen and cuticulin-based noncellular, hardened, or membranous secretion from an epithelial sheet. An example of this process is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.
40003 chitin-based cuticle development P Synthesis and deposition of a chitin-based noncellular, hardened, or membranous secretion from an epithelial sheet. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
40004 collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle attachment to epithelium P Attaching of a collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle to the epithelium underlying it. An example of this process is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.
40005 chitin-based cuticle attachment to epithelium P Attaching of a chitin-containing cuticle to the epithelium underlying it. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
40007 growth P The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell.
40008 regulation of growth P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the growth of all or part of an organism so that it occurs at its proper speed, either globally or in a specific part of the organism's development.
40009 regulation of growth rate P Any process that modulates the rate of growth of all or part of an organism.
40010 positive regulation of growth rate P Any process that increases the rate of growth of all or part of an organism.
40011 locomotion P Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another.
40012 regulation of locomotion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism.
40013 negative regulation of locomotion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism.
40014 regulation of multicellular organism growth P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth of the body of an organism so that it reaches its usual body size.
40015 negative regulation of multicellular organism growth P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organism to reach its usual body size.
40016 embryonic cleavage P The first few specialized divisions of an activated animal egg.
40017 positive regulation of locomotion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism.
40018 positive regulation of multicellular organism growth P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organism to reach its usual body size.
40019 positive regulation of embryonic development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development.
40020 regulation of meiotic nuclear division P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis, the process in which the nucleus of a diploid cell divides twice forming four haploid cells, one or more of which usually function as gametes.
40021 hermaphrodite germ-line sex determination P The determination of sex and sexual phenotype in the germ line of a hermaphrodite.
40022 feminization of hermaphroditic germ-line P The determination of female sex and sexual phenotype in the germ-line of the hermaphrodite.
40023 establishment of nucleus localization P The directed movement of the nucleus to a specific location within a cell.
40024 dauer larval development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dauer larva over time, through the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage, with specialized traits adapted for dispersal and long-term survival, with elevated stress resistance and without feeding.
40025 vulval development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed vulva in the adult.
40026 positive regulation of vulval development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of development of the vulva. Vulval development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed vulva in the adult.
40027 negative regulation of vulval development P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of development of the vulva. Vulval development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed vulva in the adult.
40028 regulation of vulval development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of development of the vulva. Vulval development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed vulva in the adult.
40029 regulation of gene expression, epigenetic P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression; the process is mitotically or meiotically heritable, or is stably self-propagated in the cytoplasm of a resting cell, and does not entail a change in DNA sequence.
40030 regulation of molecular function, epigenetic P Any heritable epigenetic process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein function by self-perpetuating conformational conversions of normal proteins in healthy cells. This is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. A single protein, if it carries a glutamine/asparagine-rich ('prion') domain, can sometimes stably exist in at least two distinct physical states, each associated with a different phenotype; propagation of one of these traits is achieved by a self-perpetuating change in the protein from one form to the other, mediated by conformational changes in the glutamine/asparagine-rich domain. Prion domains are both modular and transferable to other proteins, on which they can confer a heritable epigenetic alteration of function; existing bioinformatics data indicate that they are rare in non-eukarya, but common in eukarya.
40031 snRNA modification P The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within snRNA, resulting in a change in the properties of the snRNA.
40032 post-embryonic body morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the post-embryonic soma are generated and organized.
40033 negative regulation of translation, ncRNA-mediated P Any process, mediated by small non-coding RNAs, that stops, prevents or reduces the rate that mRNAs are effectively translated into protein.
40034 regulation of development, heterochronic P Any process that modulates the consistent predetermined time point at which an integrated living unit or organism progresses from an initial condition to a later condition and the rate at which this time point is reached.
40035 hermaphrodite genitalia development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hermaphrodite genitalia over time, from formation to the mature structures.
40036 regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.
40037 negative regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.
40038 polar body extrusion after meiotic divisions P The cell cycle process in which two small cells are generated, as byproducts destined to degenerate, as a result of the first and second meiotic divisions of a primary oocyte during its development to a mature ovum. One polar body is formed in the first division of meiosis and the other in the second division; at each division, the cytoplasm divides unequally, so that the polar body is of much smaller size than the developing oocyte. At the second division in which a polar body is formed, the polar body and the developing oocyte each contain a haploid set of chromosomes.
40039 inductive cell migration P Migration of a cell in a multicellular organism that, having changed its location, is required to induce normal properties in one or more cells at its new location. An example of this would be the distal tip cells of Caenorhabditis elegans.
40040 thermosensory behavior P Behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of temperature.
42000 translocation of peptides or proteins into host P The directed movement of peptides or proteins produced by an organism to a location inside its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
42001 hermaphrodite somatic sex determination P The determination of sex and sexual phenotypes in a hermaphroditic organism's soma. An example of this is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.
42003 masculinization of hermaphrodite soma P Promotion of male sex and sexual phenotypes in the hermaphroditic nematode soma. An example of this is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.
42004 feminization of hermaphrodite soma P Promotion of female sex and sexual phenotypes in the hermaphroditic soma. An example of this is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.
42006 masculinization of hermaphroditic germ-line P The determination of male sex and sexual phenotype in the germ-line of the hermaphrodite. An example of this is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.
42007 interleukin-18 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with interleukin-18.
42008 interleukin-18 receptor activity F Combining with interleukin-18 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
42009 interleukin-15 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with interleukin-15.
42010 interleukin-15 receptor activity F Combining with interleukin-15 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
42011 interleukin-16 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with interleukin-16.
42012 interleukin-16 receptor activity F Combining with interleukin-16 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
42013 interleukin-19 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with interleukin-19.
42014 interleukin-19 receptor activity F Combining with interleukin-19 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
42015 interleukin-20 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with interleukin-20.
42016 interleukin-20 receptor activity F Combining with interleukin-20 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
42017 interleukin-22 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with interleukin-22.
42018 interleukin-22 receptor activity F Combining with interleukin-22 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
42019 interleukin-23 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with interleukin-23.
42020 interleukin-23 receptor activity F Combining with interleukin-23 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
42021 granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor complex binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor complex.
42022 interleukin-12 receptor complex C A protein complex that binds interleukin-12 and that consists of, at a minimum, a dimeric interleukin and its two receptor subunits as well as optional additional kinase subunits.
42023 DNA endoreduplication P Regulated re-replication of DNA within a single cell cycle, resulting in an increased cell ploidy. An example of this process occurs in the synthesis of Drosophila salivary gland cell polytene chromosomes.
42025 host cell nucleus C A membrane-bounded organelle as it is found in the host cell in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
42026 protein refolding P The process carried out by a cell that restores the biological activity of an unfolded or misfolded protein, using helper proteins such as chaperones.
42030 ATPase inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and orthophosphate.
42033 chemokine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chemokines, any member of a family of small chemotactic cytokines; their name is derived from their ability to induce directed chemotaxis in nearby responsive cells. All chemokines possess a number of conserved cysteine residues involved in intramolecular disulfide bond formation. Some chemokines are considered pro-inflammatory and can be induced during an immune response to recruit cells of the immune system to a site of infection, while others are considered homeostatic and are involved in controlling the migration of cells during normal processes of tissue maintenance or development. Chemokines are found in all vertebrates, some viruses and some bacteria.
42034 peptidyl-L-lysine methyl ester biosynthetic process from peptidyl-lysine P The modification of a C-terminal peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-L-lysine methyl ester.
42035 regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytokines.
42036 negative regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytokines.
42037 peptidyl-histidine methylation, to form pros-methylhistidine P The methylation of peptidyl-L-histidine to form peptidyl-L-3'-methyl-L-histidine (otherwise known as pi-methylhistidine, pros-methylhistidine).
42038 peptidyl-histidine methylation, to form tele-methylhistidine P The methylation of peptidyl-L-histidine to form peptidyl-L-1'-methyl-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-methylhistidine, tele-methylhistidine).
42039 vanadium incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster P The incorporation of vanadium a metallo-sulfur cluster such as VFe(7-8)S(n).
42040 metal incorporation into metallo-molybdopterin complex P The incorporation of a metal into a metallo-molybdopterin complex.
42042 tungsten incorporation into tungsten-molybdopterin complex P The incorporation of tungsten into a tungsten-molybdopterin complex.
42043 neurexin family protein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with neurexins, synaptic cell surface proteins related to latrotoxin receptor, laminin and agrin. Neurexins act as cell recognition molecules at nerve terminals.
42044 fluid transport P The directed movement of substances that are in liquid form in normal living conditions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
42045 epithelial fluid transport P The directed movement of fluid across epithelia.
42046 W-molybdopterin cofactor metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving the W-molybdopterin cofactor, essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear tungsten ion (W) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.
42047 W-molybdopterin cofactor biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the W-molybdopterin cofactor, essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear tungsten ion (W) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.
42048 olfactory behavior P The behavior of an organism in response to an odor.
42049 cellular acyl-CoA homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of acyl-CoA within a cell or between a cell and its external environment.
42051 compound eye photoreceptor development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a light-responsive receptor in the compound eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
42052 rhabdomere development P The assembly and arrangement of a rhabdomere within a cell. The rhabdomere is the organelle on the apical surface of a photoreceptor cell that contains the visual pigments.
42053 regulation of dopamine metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving dopamine.
42054 histone methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl-histone. Histone methylation generally occurs on either an arginine or lysine residue.
42056 chemoattractant activity F Providing the environmental signal that initiates the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of that signal.
42058 regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.
42059 negative regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.
42060 wound healing P The series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury.
42062 long-term strengthening of neuromuscular junction P Any process that results in an increase in the efficacy of transmission at a neuromuscular synapse.
42063 gliogenesis P The process that results in the generation of glial cells. This includes the production of glial progenitors and their differentiation into mature glia.
42065 glial cell growth P Growth of glial cells, non-neuronal cells that provide support and nutrition, maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and participate in signal transmission in the nervous system.
42066 perineurial glial growth P Glial cell growth that occurs in the perineurium, a cell layer that ensheaths projections of peripheral nerves, such as motor axons.
42067 establishment of ommatidial planar polarity P The specification of polarized ommatidia. Ommatidia occur in two chiral forms. The trapezoidal arrangement of photoreceptors in the dorsal part of the eye is the mirror image of that in the ventral part.
42068 regulation of pteridine metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving pteridine.
42069 regulation of catecholamine metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catecholamines.
42070 maintenance of oocyte nucleus location involved in oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification P Maintenance of the oocyte nucleus in a particular position within the cell during the establishment and maintenance of the axes of the oocyte. An example of this process is found In Drosophila melanogaster.
42071 leucokinin receptor activity F Combining with a leucokinin, any of several octapeptide hormones found in insects, and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.
42073 intraciliary transport P The bidirectional movement of large protein complexes along microtubules within a cilium, mediated by motor proteins.
42074 cell migration involved in gastrulation P The migration of individual cells within the blastocyst to help establish the multi-layered body plan of the organism (gastrulation). For example, the migration of cells from the surface to the interior of the embryo (ingression).
42075 nickel incorporation into nickel-iron-sulfur cluster via pentakis-L-cysteinyl L-histidino nickel tetrairon pentasulfide P The incorporation of nickel into a nickel-iron-sulfur cluster via pentakis-L-cysteinyl L-histidino nickel tetrairon pentasulfide, found in carbon monoxide dehydrogenase.
42076 protein phosphate-linked glycosylation P The glycosylation of peptidyl-amino acids through a phosphoester bond forming, for example, GlcNAc-alpha-1-P-Ser residues.
42077 protein phosphate-linked glycosylation via serine P The glycosylation of peptidyl-serine through a phosphoester bond forming, for example, GlcNAc-alpha-1-P-Ser residues.
42078 germ-line stem cell division P The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell, which will divide to form the gametes.
42081 GSI anchor metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosylsphingolipidinositol (GSI) anchors, which attach membrane proteins to the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane.
42082 GSI anchor biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a glycosylsphingolipidinositol (GSI) anchor that attaches some membrane proteins to the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. The sphingolipid group is linked, via the C-6 hydroxyl residue of inositol to a carbohydrate chain which is itself linked to the protein via a ethanolamine phosphate group, its amino group forming an amide linkage with the C-terminal carboxyl of the protein. Some GSI anchors have variants on this canonical linkage.
42083 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate-dependent methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to an acceptor molecule; dependent on the presence of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate.
42084 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-dependent methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to an acceptor molecule; dependent on the presence of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate.
42085 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltri-L-glutamate-dependent methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to an acceptor molecule; dependent on the presence of 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltri-L-glutamate.
42086 5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin-dependent methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to an acceptor molecule, dependent on the presence of 5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin.
42088 T-helper 1 type immune response P An immune response which is associated with resistance to intracellular bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, and pathological conditions such as arthritis, and which is typically orchestrated by the production of particular cytokines by T-helper 1 cells, most notably interferon-gamma, IL-2, and lymphotoxin.
42089 cytokine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytokines, any of a group of proteins that function to control the survival, growth and differentiation of tissues and cells, and which have autocrine and paracrine activity.
42090 interleukin-12 biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-12.
42091 interleukin-10 biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-10.
42092 type 2 immune response P An immune response which is associated with resistance to extracellular organisms such as helminths and pathological conditions such as allergy, which is orchestrated by the production of particular cytokines, most notably IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13, by any of a variety of cell types including T-helper 2 cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, and nuocytes, resulting in enhanced production of certain antibody isotypes and other effects.
42093 T-helper cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized thymocyte acquires specialized features of a T-helper cell.
42094 interleukin-2 biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-2.
42095 interferon-gamma biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-gamma. Interferon gamma is the only member of the type II interferon found so far.
42097 interleukin-4 biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-4.
42098 T cell proliferation P The expansion of a T cell population by cell division. Follows T cell activation.
42100 B cell proliferation P The expansion of a B cell population by cell division. Follows B cell activation.
42101 T cell receptor complex C A protein complex that contains a disulfide-linked heterodimer of T cell receptor (TCR) chains, which are members of the immunoglobulin superfamily, and mediates antigen recognition, ultimately resulting in T cell activation. The TCR heterodimer is associated with the CD3 complex, which consists of the nonpolymorphic polypeptides gamma, delta, epsilon, zeta, and, in some cases, eta (an RNA splice variant of zeta) or Fc epsilon chains.
42102 positive regulation of T cell proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of T cell proliferation.
42103 positive regulation of T cell homeostatic proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of resting T cell proliferation.
42104 positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of activated T cell proliferation.
42105 alpha-beta T cell receptor complex C A T cell receptor complex in which the TCR heterodimer comprises alpha and beta chains, associated with the CD3 complex; recognizes a complex consisting of an antigen-derived peptide bound to a class I or class II MHC protein.
42106 gamma-delta T cell receptor complex C A T cell receptor complex in which the TCR heterodimer comprises gamma and delta chains, associated with the CD3 complex; recognizes antigen directly, without a requirement for processing and presentation by an MHC protein.
42107 cytokine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving cytokines, any of a group of proteins or glycoproteins that function to control the survival, growth and differentiation of tissues and cells, and which have autocrine and paracrine activity.
42108 positive regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytokines.
42109 lymphotoxin A biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
42110 T cell activation P The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.
42113 B cell activation P The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature B cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.
42116 macrophage activation P A change in morphology and behavior of a macrophage resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.
42117 monocyte activation P The change in morphology and behavior of a monocyte resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.
42118 endothelial cell activation P The change in morphology and behavior of an endothelial cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.
42119 neutrophil activation P The change in morphology and behavior of a neutrophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.
42120 alginic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving alginic acid, a hydrophilic polysaccharide occurring in, for example, the cell walls of brown algae (brown seaweeds).
42121 alginic acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alginic acid, a hydrophilic polysaccharide occurring in, for example, the cell walls of brown algae (brown seaweeds).
42122 alginic acid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alginic acid, a hydrophilic polysaccharide occurring in, for example, the cell walls of brown algae (brown seaweeds).
42123 glucanosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the splitting and linkage of glucan molecules, resulting in glucan chain elongation.
42124 1,3-beta-glucanosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the splitting and linkage of (1->3)-beta-D-glucan molecules, resulting in (1->3)-beta-D-glucan chain elongation.
42125 protein galactosylation P The addition of a galactose molecule to a protein amino acid.
42126 nitrate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrates, inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid.
42127 regulation of cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation.
42128 nitrate assimilation P The nitrogen metabolic process that encompasses the uptake of nitrate from the environment and reduction to ammonia, and results in the incorporation of nitrogen derived from nitrate into cellular substances.
42129 regulation of T cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell proliferation.
42130 negative regulation of T cell proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of T cell proliferation.
42131 thiamine phosphate phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: thiamine phosphate + H2O = thiamine + phosphate.
42132 fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate + H2O = D-fructose 6-phosphate + phosphate.
42133 neurotransmitter metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving neurotransmitters, any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell.
42134 rRNA primary transcript binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an unprocessed ribosomal RNA transcript.
42135 neurotransmitter catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell.
42136 neurotransmitter biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell.
42137 sequestering of neurotransmitter P The process of binding or confining a neurotransmitter such that it is separated from other components of a biological system.
42138 meiotic DNA double-strand break formation P The cell cycle process in which double-strand breaks are generated at defined hotspots throughout the genome during meiosis I. This results in the initiation of meiotic recombination.
42139 early meiotic recombination nodule assembly P During meiosis, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) to form small, electron dense structures in association with meiotic chromosomes during leptotene and zygotene.
42140 late meiotic recombination nodule assembly P During meiosis, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) to form small, electron dense structures in association with meiotic chromosomes during pachytene. Involved in the catalysis crossing over.
42144 vacuole fusion, non-autophagic P The fusion of two vacuole membranes to form a single vacuole.
42147 retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi P The directed movement of membrane-bounded vesicles from endosomes back to the trans-Golgi network where they are recycled for further rounds of transport.
42148 strand invasion P The process in which the nucleoprotein complex (composed of the broken single-strand DNA and the recombinase) searches and identifies a region of homology in intact duplex DNA. The broken single-strand DNA displaces the like strand and forms Watson-Crick base pairs with its complement, forming a duplex in which each strand is from one of the two recombining DNA molecules.
42149 cellular response to glucose starvation P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of glucose.
42150 plasmid recombination P A process of DNA recombination occurring within a plasmid or between plasmids and other plasmids or DNA molecules.
42151 nematocyst C An organelle found in cnidoblast (nematoblast) cells. When matured, these stinging organelles store toxins and can deliver them when the cnidocil (a short extension of the cnidocyst) is stimulated by a prey or another stimulus.
42152 RNA-mediated DNA recombination P The reverse transcription of an RNA molecule followed by recombination between the resultant cDNA and its homologous chromosomal allele.
42157 lipoprotein metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids.
42158 lipoprotein biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids.
42159 lipoprotein catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids.
42160 lipoprotein modification P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the covalent alteration of one or more amino acid or lipid residues occurring in a lipoprotein, any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids.
42161 lipoprotein oxidation P The modification of a lipoprotein by oxidation of one or more amino acids or the lipid group.
42162 telomeric DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a telomere, a specific structure at the end of a linear chromosome required for the integrity and maintenance of the end.
42163 interleukin-12 beta subunit binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the beta subunit of interleukin-12.
42164 interleukin-12 alpha subunit binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the alpha subunit of interleukin-12.
42165 neurotransmitter binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a neurotransmitter, any chemical substance that is capable of transmitting (or inhibiting the transmission of) a nerve impulse from a neuron to another cell.
42166 acetylcholine binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with acetylcholine, an acetic acid ester of the organic base choline that functions as a neurotransmitter, released at the synapses of parasympathetic nerves and at neuromuscular junctions.
42167 heme catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring.
42168 heme metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring.
42169 SH2 domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a SH2 domain (Src homology 2) of a protein, a protein domain of about 100 amino-acid residues and belonging to the alpha + beta domain class.
42170 plastid membrane C Either of the lipid bilayers that surround a plastid and form the plastid envelope.
42171 lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of acyl groups from an acyl-CoA to lysophosphatidic acid to form phosphatidic acid.
42173 regulation of sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spore formation.
42174 negative regulation of sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sporulation.
42175 nuclear outer membrane-endoplasmic reticulum membrane network C The continuous network of membranes encompassing the nuclear outer membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.
42176 regulation of protein catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds.
42177 negative regulation of protein catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds.
42178 xenobiotic catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a xenobiotic compound, a compound foreign to living organisms. Used of chemical compounds, e.g. a xenobiotic chemical, such as a pesticide.
42179 nicotine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotine, (S)(-)-3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)pyridine.
42180 cellular ketone metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group, CO, and in which the carbonyl group is bonded only to carbon atoms, as carried out by individual cells. The general formula for a ketone is RCOR, where R and R are alkyl or aryl groups.
42181 ketone biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ketones, a class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group, CO, and in which the carbonyl group is bonded only to carbon atoms. The general formula for a ketone is RCOR, where R and R are alkyl or aryl groups.
42182 ketone catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ketones, a class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group, CO, and in which the carbonyl group is bonded only to carbon atoms. The general formula for a ketone is RCOR, where R and R are alkyl or aryl groups.
42183 formate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of formate, also known as methanoate, the anion HCOO- derived from methanoic (formic) acid.
42184 xylene catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xylene, a mixture of three colorless, aromatic hydrocarbon liquids, ortho-, meta- and para-xylene.
42185 m-xylene catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of m-xylene, 1,3-dimethylbenzene, a colorless, liquid aromatic hydrocarbon.
42186 o-xylene catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of o-xylene, (1,2-dimethylbenzene) a colorless, liquid aromatic hydrocarbon.
42187 p-xylene catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of p-xylene (1,4-dimethylbenzene), a colorless, liquid aromatic hydrocarbon.
42188 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT), a chlorinated broad spectrum contact insecticide.
42189 vanillin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vanillin, an aromatic hydrocarbon which occurs naturally in black vanilla bean pods.
42190 vanillin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of vanillin, an aromatic hydrocarbon which occurs naturally in black vanilla bean pods.
42191 methylmercury metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving methylmercury (MeHg+), a highly toxic organometal which can accumulate in tissues, particularly in fish species.
42192 methylmercury biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methylmercury (MeHg+), a highly toxic organometal.
42193 methylmercury catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylmercury (MeHg+), a highly toxic organometal.
42194 quinate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of quinate, the anion of quinic acid.
42195 aerobic gallate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gallate, the anion of gallic acid, in the presence of oxygen.
42196 chlorinated hydrocarbon metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving chlorinated hydrocarbons, any hydrocarbon with one or more chlorine atoms attached to it.
42197 halogenated hydrocarbon metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving halogenated hydrocarbons, any hydrocarbon with one or more halogen atoms attached to it. Halogens include fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
42198 nylon metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving nylon, a polymer where the main polymer chain comprises recurring amide groups; these compounds are generally formed from combinations of diamines, diacids and amino acids.
42199 cyanuric acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanuric acid, a suspected gastrointestinal or liver toxicant, and a potential degradation product of triazine herbicides, such as atrazine and simazine. It is widely used for the stabilization of available chlorine in swimming pool water and is also the starting compound for the synthesis of many organic derivatives.
42200 cyanuric acid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyanuric acid, a potential degradation product of triazine herbicides.
42201 N-cyclopropylmelamine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-cyclopropylmelamine, a triazine compound commonly used as an insect growth regulator insecticide.
42202 N-cyclopropylmelamine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N-cyclopropylmelamine, a triazine compound commonly used as an insecticide.
42203 toluene catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of toluene, a volatile monoaromatic hydrocarbon found in crude petroleum and petroleum products.
42204 s-triazine compound catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any s-triazine compound. These compounds include many pesticides of widespread use in agriculture, and are characterized by a symmetrical hexameric ring consisting of alternating carbon and nitrogen atoms.
42205 chlorinated hydrocarbon catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chlorinated hydrocarbons, any hydrocarbon with one or more chlorine atoms attached to it.
42206 halogenated hydrocarbon catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of halogenated hydrocarbons, any hydrocarbon with one or more halogen atoms attached to it.
42207 styrene catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of styrene, an aromatic hydrocarbon liquid used in the manufacture of polystyrene.
42208 propylene catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of propylene, an alkene produced by catalytic or thermal cracking of hydrocarbons or as a by-product of petroleum refining.
42209 orcinol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of orcinol (5-methyl-1,3-benzenediol), an aromatic compound derived from the fermentation of lichen and synthesized by some higher plants.
42210 octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane catabolic process to dimethylsilanediol P The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane into dimethylsilanediol. The former is a tetramer of the latter.
42211 dimethylsilanediol catabolic process P The aerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dimethylsilanediol, the smallest member of the dialkylsilanediols. Dimethylsilanediol is the monomer of polydimethylsiloxane, a compound which can be found in a wide range of industrial and consumer products.
42212 cresol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving cresol, a mixture of the aromatic alcohol isoforms o-, p-, and m-cresol, which is obtained from coal tar or petroleum. The isomers are used as disinfectants, textile scouring agents, surfactants and as intermediates in the manufacture of salicylaldehyde, coumarin, and herbicides as well as being a major component of creosote.
42213 m-cresol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of m-cresol (3-hydroxytoluene), the meta-isoform of cresol.
42214 terpene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving terpenes, any of a large group of hydrocarbons that are made up of isoprene (C5H8) units which may be cyclic, acyclic or multicyclic, saturated or unsaturated, and may contain various functional groups.
42215 anaerobic phenol-containing compound metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring, in the absence of oxygen.
42216 phenanthrene catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenanthrene, a tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.
42217 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate, a natural product found in plant tissues. It is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of ethylene (ethene), a fruit-ripening hormone in plants.
42218 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate, a natural product found in plant tissues. It is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of ethylene (ethene), a fruit-ripening hormone in plants.
42219 cellular modified amino acid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of compounds derived from amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents.
42220 response to cocaine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cocaine stimulus. Cocaine is a crystalline alkaloid obtained from the leaves of the coca plant.
42221 response to chemical P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus.
42222 interleukin-1 biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-1, an interleukin produced mainly by activated macrophages. It is involved in the inflammatory response, and is identified as an endogenous pyrogen.
42223 interleukin-3 biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-3.
42225 interleukin-5 biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-5.
42226 interleukin-6 biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-6.
42227 interleukin-7 biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-7.
42228 interleukin-8 biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-8.
42229 interleukin-9 biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-9.
42230 interleukin-11 biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-11.
42231 interleukin-13 biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-13.
42232 interleukin-14 biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-14.
42233 interleukin-15 biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-15.
42234 interleukin-16 biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-16.
42235 interleukin-17 biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines.
42236 interleukin-19 biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-19.
42237 interleukin-20 biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-20.
42238 interleukin-21 biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-21.
42239 interleukin-22 biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-22.
42240 interleukin-23 biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-23.
42241 interleukin-18 biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-18.
42242 cobyrinic acid a,c-diamide synthase activity F Catalysis of the conversion of cobyrinic acid to cobyrinic acid a,c-diamide via the intermediate formation of cobyrinic acid c-monoamide.
42243 asexual spore wall assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an asexual spore wall, the specialized envelope lying outside the cell membrane of a spore derived from an asexual process. Examples of this process are found in Bacterial and Fungal species.
42244 spore wall assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a spore wall; a spore wall is the specialized envelope lying outside the cell membrane of a spore.
42245 RNA repair P Any process that results in the repair of damaged RNA.
42246 tissue regeneration P The regrowth of lost or destroyed tissues.
42247 establishment of planar polarity of follicular epithelium P Coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of a follicular epithelium, such that they all orient to similar coordinates.
42248 maintenance of polarity of follicular epithelium P The maintenance of an established polarized follicular epithelial sheet.
42249 establishment of planar polarity of embryonic epithelium P Coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of an embryonic epithelium, such that they all orient to similar coordinates.
42250 maintenance of polarity of embryonic epithelium P The maintenance of an established polarized embryonic epithelial sheet.
42251 maintenance of polarity of larval imaginal disc epithelium P The maintenance of an established polarized larval imaginal disc epithelium.
42252 establishment of planar polarity of larval imaginal disc epithelium P Coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of a larval imaginal disc epithelium, such that they all orient to similar coordinates.
42253 granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, cytokines that act in hemopoiesis by controlling the production, differentiation, and function of two related white cell populations, granulocytes and monocytes-macrophages.
42254 ribosome biogenesis P A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of ribosome subunits; includes transport to the sites of protein synthesis.
42255 ribosome assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the mature ribosome and of its subunits.
42256 mature ribosome assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the large and small ribosomal subunits into a functional ribosome.
42258 molybdenum incorporation via L-serinyl molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide P The incorporation of molybdenum into a protein via L-serinyl molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide.
42259 peptidyl-L-beta-methylthioasparagine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-asparagine P The modification of peptidyl-asparagine to form peptidyl-L-beta-methylthioasparagine, typical of bacterial ribosomal protein S12.
42262 DNA protection P Any process in which DNA is protected from damage by, for example, oxidative stress.
42263 neuropeptide F receptor activity F Combining with neuropeptide F and transmitting the signal within the cell to initiate a change in cell activity. Neuropeptide F is an arthropod peptide of more than 28 residues (typically 28-45) with a consensus C-terminal RxRFamide (commonly RPRFa, but also RVRFa.
42264 peptidyl-aspartic acid hydroxylation P The hydroxylation of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-hydroxyaspartic acid.
42265 peptidyl-asparagine hydroxylation P The hydroxylation of peptidyl-asparagine to form peptidyl-hydroxyasparagine.
42267 natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity P The directed killing of a target cell by a natural killer cell through the release of granules containing cytotoxic mediators or through the engagement of death receptors.
42268 regulation of cytolysis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm.
42269 regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity.
42270 protection from natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity P The process of protecting a cell from natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity.
42271 susceptibility to natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity P The process of causing a cell to become susceptible to natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity.
42272 nuclear RNA export factor complex C A protein complex that contains two proteins (know in several organisms, including Drosophila, as NXF1 and NXF2) and is required for the export of the majority of mRNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm; localized in the nucleoplasm and at both the nucleoplasmic and cytoplasmic faces of the nuclear pore complex; shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
42273 ribosomal large subunit biogenesis P A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a large ribosomal subunit; includes transport to the sites of protein synthesis.
42274 ribosomal small subunit biogenesis P A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a small ribosomal subunit; includes transport to the sites of protein synthesis.
42275 error-free postreplication DNA repair P The conversion of DNA-damage induced single-stranded gaps into large molecular weight DNA via processes such as template switching, which does not remove the replication-blocking lesions but does not increase the endogenous mutation rate.
42276 error-prone translesion synthesis P The conversion of DNA-damage induced single-stranded gaps into large molecular weight DNA after replication by using a specialized DNA polymerase or replication complex to insert a defined nucleotide across the lesion. This process does not remove the replication-blocking lesions and causes an increase in the endogenous mutation level. For example, in E. coli, a low fidelity DNA polymerase, pol V, copies lesions that block replication fork progress. This produces mutations specifically targeted to DNA template damage sites, but it can also produce mutations at undamaged sites.
42277 peptide binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with peptides, any of a group of organic compounds comprising two or more amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
42278 purine nucleoside metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
42279 nitrite reductase (cytochrome, ammonia-forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NH3 + 2 H2O + 6 ferricytochrome c = nitrite + 6 ferrocytochrome c + 7 H+.
42281 dolichyl pyrophosphate Man9GlcNAc2 alpha-1,3-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the addition of the first glucose residue to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor for N-linked glycosylation; the transfer of glucose from dolichyl phosphate glucose (Dol-P-Glc) on to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol.
42282 hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NAD(+) = (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 H(+) + 2 NADH.
42283 dolichyl pyrophosphate Glc1Man9GlcNAc2 alpha-1,3-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the addition of the second glucose residue to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor for N-linked glycosylation; the transfer of glucose from dolichyl phosphate glucose (Dol-P-Glc) on to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide Glc(1)Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol.
42284 sphingolipid delta-4 desaturase activity F Catalysis of the introduction of a trans double bond between C4 and C5 of the long chain base region of a sphingolipid. Sphingolipids are composed of a long chain base (LCB) amide-linked to a very long chain fatty acid.
42285 xylosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a xylosyl group to an acceptor molecule, typically another carbohydrate or a lipid.
42286 glutamate-1-semialdehyde 2,1-aminomutase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoate = 5-aminolevulinate.
42287 MHC protein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with major histocompatibility complex molecules; a set of molecules displayed on cell surfaces that are responsible for lymphocyte recognition and antigen presentation.
42288 MHC class I protein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with major histocompatibility complex class I molecules; a set of molecules displayed on cell surfaces that are responsible for lymphocyte recognition and antigen presentation.
42289 MHC class II protein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with major histocompatibility complex class II molecules; a set of molecules displayed on cell surfaces that are responsible for lymphocyte recognition and antigen presentation.
42292 URM1 activating enzyme activity F Catalysis of the activation of the small ubiquitin-related modifier URM1, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond.
42293 Hub1 activating enzyme activity F Catalysis of the activation of the small ubiquitin-related modifier Hub1, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond.
42294 URM1 transferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of URM1 from one protein to another via the reaction X-URM1 + Y --> Y-URM1 + X, where both X-URM1 and Y-URM1 are covalent linkages.
42296 ISG15 transferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of ISG15 from one protein to another via the reaction X-ISG15 + Y --> Y-ISG15 + X, where both X-ISG15 and Y-ISG15 are covalent linkages.
42297 vocal learning P A behavioral process whose outcome is a relatively long-lasting behavioral change whereby an organism modifies innate vocalizations to imitate sounds produced by others.
42299 lupeol synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene = lupeol. This reaction is the cyclization of (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene (2,3-oxidosqualene) to lupeol.
42300 beta-amyrin synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene = beta-amyrin. This reaction is the cyclization and rearrangement of (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene (2,3-oxidosqualene) into beta-amyrin.
42301 phosphate ion binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphate.
42302 structural constituent of cuticle F The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a cuticle.
42303 molting cycle P The periodic casting off and regeneration of an outer covering of cuticle, feathers, hair, horns, skin, etc.
42304 regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acids, any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils.
42305 specification of segmental identity, mandibular segment P The specification of the characteristic structures of the mandibular segment following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
42306 regulation of protein import into nucleus P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of movement of proteins from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
42307 positive regulation of protein import into nucleus P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of movement of proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus.
42308 negative regulation of protein import into nucleus P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus.
42309 homoiothermy P Any homoeostatic process in which an organism maintains its internal body temperature at a relatively constant value. This is achieved by using metabolic processes to counteract fluctuations in the temperature of the environment.
42310 vasoconstriction P A decrease in the diameter of blood vessels, especially arteries, due to constriction of smooth muscle cells that line the vessels, and usually causing an increase in blood pressure.
42311 vasodilation P An increase in the internal diameter of blood vessels, especially arterioles or capillaries, due to relaxation of smooth muscle cells that line the vessels, and usually resulting in a decrease in blood pressure.
42312 regulation of vasodilation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of increases in the diameter of blood vessels.
42313 protein kinase C deactivation P Any process resulting in the inhibition or termination of the activity of protein kinase C.
42314 bacteriochlorophyll binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with bacteriochlorophyll, a form of chlorophyll found in photosynthetic bacteria, such as the purple and green bacteria. There are several types, designated a to g. Bacteriochlorophyll a and bacteriochlorophyll b are structurally similar to the chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b found in plants.
42316 penicillin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving any antibiotic that contains the condensed beta-lactamthiazolidine ring system. Penicillins are produced naturally during the growth of various microfungi of the genera Penicillium and Aspergillus.
42317 penicillin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any antibiotic that contains the condensed beta-lactamthiazolidine ring system.
42318 penicillin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any antibiotic that contains the condensed beta-lactamthiazolidine ring system.
42320 regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.
42321 negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the duration or quality of sleep, a readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity that occurs periodically in many animals.
42322 negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the duration or quality of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.
42323 negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the duration or quality of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep.
42324 hypocretin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the hypocretin receptor.
42325 regulation of phosphorylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups into a molecule.
42326 negative regulation of phosphorylation P Any process that stops, prevents or decreases the rate of addition of phosphate groups to a molecule.
42327 positive regulation of phosphorylation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to a molecule.
42328 heparan sulfate N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + heparan sulfate = UDP + (N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-heparan sulfate.
42329 structural constituent of collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle F The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle. An example of this process is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.
42330 taxis P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to an external stimulus.
42331 phototaxis P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to light.
42332 gravitaxis P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to gravity.
42333 chemotaxis to oxidizable substrate P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to the presence of an oxidizable substrate, for example, fructose.
42334 taxis to electron acceptor P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to the presence of an alternative electron acceptor, for example, nitrate.
42335 cuticle development P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cuticle, the outer layer of some animals and plants, which acts to prevent water loss.
42337 cuticle development involved in chitin-based cuticle molting cycle P The synthesis and deposition of a chitin-based non-cellular, hardened, or membranous secretion from an epithelial sheet, occurring as part of the molting cycle. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
42338 cuticle development involved in collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle molting cycle P Synthesis and deposition of a collagen and cuticulin-based noncellular, hardened, or membranous secretion from an epithelial sheet, occurring as part of the molting cycle. An example of this process is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.
42339 keratan sulfate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving keratan sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat units consisting of beta-1,4-linked D-galactopyranosyl-beta-(1,4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-sulfate and with variable amounts of fucose, sialic acid and mannose units; keratan sulfate chains are covalently linked by a glycosidic attachment through the trisaccharide galactosyl-galactosyl-xylose to peptidyl-threonine or serine residues.
42340 keratan sulfate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of keratan sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat units consisting of beta-1,4-linked D-galactopyranosyl-beta-(1,4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-sulfate and with variable amounts of fucose, sialic acid and mannose units; keratan sulfate chains are covalently linked by a glycosidic attachment through the trisaccharide galactosyl-galactosyl-xylose to peptidyl-threonine or serine residues.
42341 cyanogenic glycoside metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanogenic glycosides, any glycoside containing a cyano group that is released as hydrocyanic acid on acid hydrolysis; such compounds occur in the kernels of various fruits.
42342 cyanogenic glycoside catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyanogenic glycosides, any glycoside containing a cyano group that is released as hydrocyanic acid on acid hydrolysis; such compounds occur in the kernels of various fruits.
42343 indole glucosinolate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indole glucosinolates. Glucosinolates are sulfur-containing compounds that have a common structure linked to an R group derived from tryptophan; indoles are biologically active substances based on 2,3-benzopyrrole, formed during the catabolism of tryptophan.
42344 indole glucosinolate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of indole glucosinolates, sulfur-containing compounds that have a common structure linked to an R group derived from tryptophan.
42345 regulation of NF-kappaB import into nucleus P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the transfer of NF-kappaB, a transcription factor for eukaryotic RNA polymerase II promoters, from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane.
42346 positive regulation of NF-kappaB import into nucleus P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transfer of NF-kappaB, a transcription factor for eukaryotic RNA polymerase II promoters, from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane.
42347 negative regulation of NF-kappaB import into nucleus P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the transfer of NF-kappaB, a transcription factor for eukaryotic RNA polymerase II promoters, from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane.
42348 NF-kappaB import into nucleus P The directed movement of NF-kappaB, a transcription factor for eukaryotic RNA polymerase II promoters, from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane.
42349 guiding stereospecific synthesis activity F The orientation of free radical substrates in such a way that only a particular stereoisomer is synthesized by an enzyme. Best characterized as a function during lignan biosynthesis.
42350 GDP-L-fucose biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-L-fucose, a substance composed of L-fucose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.
42351 'de novo' GDP-L-fucose biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-L-fucose from GDP-D-mannose via GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose, requiring the functions of GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase (EC:4.2.1.47) and GDP-L-fucose synthase (EC:1.1.1.271).
42352 GDP-L-fucose salvage P The formation of GDP-L-fucose from L-fucose, without de novo synthesis. L-fucose is phosphorylated by fucokinase and then converted by fucose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase (EC:2.7.7.30).
42353 fucose biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fucose (6-deoxygalactose).
42354 L-fucose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-fucose, 6-deoxy-L-galactose, a sugar that occurs in fucans, a class of polysaccharides in seaweeds, especially Fucus species, and in the cell wall matrix of higher plants.
42355 L-fucose catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-fucose (6-deoxy-Lgalactose).
42356 GDP-4-dehydro-D-rhamnose reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-6-deoxy-D-mannose + NAD(P)+ = GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose + NAD(P)H + H+. In the reverse reaction, a mixture of GDP-D-rhamnose and its C-4 epimer is formed.
42357 thiamine diphosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving thiamine diphosphate, a derivative of thiamine (vitamin B1) which acts as a coenzyme in a range of processes including the Krebs cycle.
42358 thiamine diphosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of thiamine diphosphate, a derivative of thiamine (vitamin B1) which acts as a coenzyme in a range of processes including the Krebs cycle.
42359 vitamin D metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin D, any of a group of related, fat-soluble compounds that are derived from delta-5,7 steroids and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Specific forms of vitamin D include calciferol (ergocalciferol; vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (calciol; vitamin D3).
42360 vitamin E metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin E, tocopherol, which includes a series of eight structurally similar compounds. Alpha-tocopherol is the most active form in humans and is a powerful biological antioxidant.
42361 menaquinone catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of menaquinones, any of the quinone-derived compounds synthesized by intestinal bacteria. Structurally, menaquinones consist of a methylated naphthoquinone ring structure and side chains composed of a variable number of unsaturated isoprenoid residues. Menaquinones have vitamin K activity and are known as vitamin K2.
42362 fat-soluble vitamin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in organic solvents and relatively insoluble in water.
42363 fat-soluble vitamin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in organic solvents and relatively insoluble in water.
42364 water-soluble vitamin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in water.
42365 water-soluble vitamin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in water.
42366 cobalamin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom.
42367 biotin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of biotin, cis-tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid.
42368 vitamin D biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vitamin D, any of a group of related, fat-soluble compounds that are derived from delta-5,7 steroids and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Specific forms of vitamin D include calciferol (ergocalciferol; vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (calciol; vitamin D3).
42369 vitamin D catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of vitamin D, any of a group of related, fat-soluble compounds that are derived from delta-5,7 steroids and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Specific forms of vitamin D include calciferol (ergocalciferol; vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (calciol; vitamin D3).
42370 thiamine diphosphate dephosphorylation P The removal of one or more phosphate groups from thiamine diphosphate, a derivative of thiamine (vitamin B1) which acts as a coenzyme in a range of processes including the Krebs cycle.
42371 vitamin K biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of the forms of vitamin K, quinone-derived vitamins which are involved in the synthesis of blood-clotting factors in mammals.
42372 phylloquinone biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phylloquinone, vitamin K1, a quinone-derived compound synthesized by green plants.
42373 vitamin K metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the forms of vitamin K, quinone-derived vitamins which are involved in the synthesis of blood-clotting factors in mammals. Vitamin K substances share a methylated naphthoquinone ring structure and vary in the aliphatic side chains attached to the molecule.
42374 phylloquinone metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving phylloquinone, a quinone-derived compound synthesized by green plants. Phylloquinone has vitamin K activity and is known as vitamin K1.
42376 phylloquinone catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phylloquinone, vitamin K1, a quinone-derived compound synthesized by green plants.
42377 vitamin K catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of the forms of vitamin K, quinone-derived vitamins which are involved in the synthesis of blood-clotting factors in mammals.
42379 chemokine receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any chemokine receptor.
42380 hydroxymethylbutenyl pyrophosphate reductase activity F Catalysis of the formation of both isopentenyl pyrophosphate and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate from (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate.
42381 hemolymph coagulation P Any process in which factors in the hemolymph (the invertebrate equivalent of vertebrate blood and lymph) precipitate into insoluble clots in order to prevent loss of body fluid, and at the same time prevent the movement of microbes. Hemolymph coagulation is also part of the invertebrate humoral immune response.
42382 paraspeckles C Discrete subnuclear bodies in the interchromatin nucleoplasmic space, often located adjacent to nuclear specks. 10-20 paraspeckles are typically found in human cell nuclei.
42383 sarcolemma C The outer membrane of a muscle cell, consisting of the plasma membrane, a covering basement membrane (about 100 nm thick and sometimes common to more than one fiber), and the associated loose network of collagen fibers.
42385 myosin III complex C A myosin complex containing a class III myosin heavy chain and associated light chains; myosin III is monomeric myosin that serves as a link between the cytoskeleton and the signaling complex involved in phototransduction, and differs from all other myosins in having an N-terminal kinase domain.
42386 hemocyte differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the characteristics of a mature hemocyte. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen.
42387 plasmatocyte differentiation P The process in which a hemocyte precursor cell acquires the characteristics of the phagocytic blood-cell type, the plasmatocyte. Plasmatocytes are a class of arthropod hemocytes important in the cellular defense response.
42388 gibberellic acid mediated signaling pathway, G-alpha-dependent P A series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of gibberellic acid and dependent on the coupling of the alpha subunit of G proteins to the hormone receptors.
42389 omega-3 fatty acid desaturase activity F Catalysis of the introduction of an omega-3 double bond into the fatty acid hydrocarbon chain.
42390 gibberellic acid mediated signaling pathway, G-alpha-independent P A series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of gibberellic acid and not dependent on the coupling of the alpha subunit of G proteins to the hormone receptors.
42391 regulation of membrane potential P Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.
42392 sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: sphingosine 1-phosphate + H2O = sphingosine + phosphate.
42393 histone binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a histone, any of a group of water-soluble proteins found in association with the DNA of plant and animal chromosomes. They are involved in the condensation and coiling of chromosomes during cell division and have also been implicated in nonspecific suppression of gene activity.
42395 ecdysis, collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle P The shedding of the old collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle fragments during the molting cycle. Examples of this process are found in invertebrates.
42396 phosphagen biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphagen, any of a group of guanidine phosphates that occur in muscle and can be used to regenerate ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.
42397 phosphagen catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphagen, any of a group of guanidine phosphates that occur in muscle and can be used to regenerate ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.
42398 cellular modified amino acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds derived from amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents.
42399 ectoine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving ectoine (1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid), a tetrahydropyrimidine commonly synthesized by halophilic bacteria.
42400 ectoine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ectoine (1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid), a tetrahydropyrimidine commonly synthesized by halophilic bacteria.
42401 cellular biogenic amine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways occurring at the level of individual cells resulting in the formation of any of a group of naturally occurring, biologically active amines, such as norepinephrine, histamine, and serotonin, many of which act as neurotransmitters.
42402 cellular biogenic amine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways occurring at the level of individual cells resulting in the breakdown of biogenic amines, any of a group of naturally occurring, biologically active amines, such as norepinephrine, histamine, and serotonin, many of which act as neurotransmitters.
42403 thyroid hormone metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the compounds secreted by the thyroid gland, largely thyroxine and triiodothyronine.
42404 thyroid hormone catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of the compounds secreted by the thyroid gland, largely thyroxine and triiodothyronine.
42405 nuclear inclusion body C An intranuclear focus at which aggregated proteins have been sequestered.
42406 extrinsic component of endoplasmic reticulum membrane C The component of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
42407 cristae formation P The assembly of cristae, the inwards folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane.
42409 caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + caffeoyl-CoA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + feruloyl-CoA.
42410 6-carboxyhexanoate-CoA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + CoA + pimelate = AMP + diphosphate + H(+) + pimelyl-CoA.
42412 taurine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), a sulphur-containing amino acid derivative important in the metabolism of fats.
42413 carnitine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carnitine (hydroxy-trimethyl aminobutyric acid), a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
42414 epinephrine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving epinephrine, a hormone produced by the medulla of the adrenal glands that increases heart activity, improves the power and prolongs the action of muscles, and increases the rate and depth of breathing. It is synthesized by the methylation of norepinephrine.
42415 norepinephrine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving norepinephrine, a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla, and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts in the central nervous system. It is also the demethylated biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine.
42416 dopamine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline.
42417 dopamine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline.
42418 epinephrine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of epinephrine, a hormone produced by the medulla of the adrenal glands that increases heart activity, improves the power and prolongs the action of muscles, and increases the rate and depth of breathing. It is synthesized by the methylation of norepinephrine.
42419 epinephrine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of epinephrine, a hormone produced by the medulla of the adrenal glands that increases heart activity, improves the power and prolongs the action of muscles, and increases the rate and depth of breathing. It is synthesized by the methylation of norepinephrine.
42420 dopamine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline.
42421 norepinephrine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of norepinephrine, a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla, and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts in the central nervous system. It is also the demethylated biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine.
42422 norepinephrine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of norepinephrine, a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla, and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts in the central nervous system. It is also the demethylated biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine.
42423 catecholamine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine.
42424 catecholamine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine.
42425 choline biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
42426 choline catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
42427 serotonin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties.
42428 serotonin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties.
42429 serotonin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties.
42430 indole-containing compound metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds that contain an indole (2,3-benzopyrrole) skeleton.
42431 indole metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving indole (2,3-benzopyrrole), the basis of many biologically active substances (e.g. serotonin, tryptophan).
42432 indole biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indole (2,3-benzopyrrole), the basis of many biologically active substances (e.g. serotonin, tryptophan).
42433 indole catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of indole (2,3-benzopyrrole), the basis of many biologically active substances (e.g. serotonin, tryptophan).
42435 indole-containing compound biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds that contain an indole (2,3-benzopyrrole) skeleton.
42436 indole-containing compound catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of compounds that contain an indole (2,3-benzopyrrole) skeleton.
42437 indoleacetic acid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of indole-3-acetic acid, a compound which functions as a growth regulator in plants.
42438 melanin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melanins, pigments largely of animal origin. High molecular weight polymers of indole quinone, they are irregular polymeric structures and are divided into three groups: allomelanins in the plant kingdom and eumelanins and phaeomelanins in the animal kingdom.
42439 ethanolamine-containing compound metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethanolamine (2-aminoethanol) and compounds derived from it.
42440 pigment metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, e.g. melanin.
42441 eye pigment metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving eye pigments, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, found or utilized in the eye.
42442 melatonin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine).
42443 phenylethylamine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving phenylethylamine, an amine with pharmacological properties similar to those of amphetamine, occurs naturally as a neurotransmitter in the brain, and is present in chocolate and oil of bitter almonds.
42444 phenylethylamine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phenylethylamine, an amine with pharmacological properties similar to those of amphetamine, occurs naturally as a neurotransmitter in the brain, and is present in chocolate and oil of bitter almonds.
42445 hormone metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone.
42446 hormone biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone.
42447 hormone catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone.
42448 progesterone metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving progesterone, a steroid hormone produced in the ovary which prepares and maintains the uterus for pregnancy. Also found in plants.
42450 arginine biosynthetic process via ornithine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of arginine (2-amino-5-guanidinopentanoic acid) via the intermediate compound ornithine.
42451 purine nucleoside biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any purine nucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
42452 deoxyguanosine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of deoxyguanosine, a nucleoside consisting of the base guanine and the sugar deoxyribose.
42453 deoxyguanosine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxyguanosine, a nucleoside consisting of the base guanine and the sugar deoxyribose.
42454 ribonucleoside catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which purine or pyrimidine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule.
42455 ribonucleoside biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which purine or pyrimidine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule.
42457 ethylene catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ethylene (C2-H4, ethene), a simple hydrocarbon gas that can function in plants as a growth regulator.
42458 nopaline catabolic process to proline P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nopaline into other compounds, including proline.
42459 octopine catabolic process to proline P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of octopine into other compounds, including proline.
42461 photoreceptor cell development P Development of a photoreceptor, a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light.
42462 eye photoreceptor cell development P Development of a photoreceptor, a sensory cell in the eye that reacts to the presence of light. They usually contain a pigment that undergoes a chemical change when light is absorbed, thus stimulating a nerve.
42463 ocellus photoreceptor cell development P Development of photoreceptors, sensory cells that react to the presence of light, found in the ocellus.
42464 dosage compensation by hypoactivation of X chromosome P Compensating for the two-fold variation in X:autosome chromosome ratios between sexes by an inactivation of a proportion of genes on both of the X chromosomes of the XX sex, leading to a decrease, of half, of the levels of gene expression from these chromosomes. An example of this process is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.
42465 kinesis P The movement of a cell or organism in response to a stimulus in which the rate of movement depends on the intensity (rather than the direction) of the stimulus.
42466 chemokinesis P A response by a motile cell to a soluble chemical that involves an increase or decrease in speed (positive or negative orthokinesis) or of frequency of movement or a change in the frequency or magnitude of turning behavior (klinokinesis).
42467 orthokinesis P The movement of a cell or organism in response to a stimulus in which the speed or frequency of movement is increased or decreased.
42468 klinokinesis P The movement of a cell or organism in response to a stimulus in which the frequency or magnitude of turning behavior is altered.
42469 versicolorin reductase activity F Catalysis of the reduction of versicolorin A to sterigmatocystin.
42470 melanosome C A tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which melanin pigments are synthesized and stored. Melanosomes are synthesized in melanocyte cells.
42471 ear morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the ear are generated and organized. The ear is the sense organ in vertebrates that is specialized for the detection of sound, and the maintenance of balance. Includes the outer ear and middle ear, which collect and transmit sound waves; and the inner ear, which contains the organs of balance and (except in fish) hearing. Also includes the pinna, the visible part of the outer ear, present in some mammals.
42472 inner ear morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the inner ear are generated and organized. The inner ear is the structure in vertebrates that contains the organs of balance and hearing. It consists of soft hollow sensory structures (the membranous labyrinth) containing fluid (endolymph) surrounded by fluid (perilymph) and encased in a bony cavity (the bony labyrinth). It consists of two chambers, the sacculus and utriculus, from which arise the cochlea and semicircular canals respectively.
42473 outer ear morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the outer ear are generated and organized. The outer ear is the part of the ear external to the tympanum (eardrum). It consists of a tube (the external auditory meatus) that directs sound waves on to the tympanum, and may also include the external pinna, which extends beyond the skull.
42474 middle ear morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the middle ear are generated and organized. The middle ear is the air-filled cavity within the skull of vertebrates that lies between the outer ear and the inner ear. It is linked to the pharynx (and therefore to outside air) via the Eustachian tube and in mammals contains the three ear ossicles, which transmit auditory vibrations from the outer ear (via the tympanum) to the inner ear (via the oval window).
42475 odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a dentin-containing tooth over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A dentin-containing tooth is a hard, bony organ borne on the jaw or other bone of a vertebrate, and is composed mainly of dentin, a dense calcified substance, covered by a layer of enamel.
42476 odontogenesis P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tooth or teeth over time, from formation to the mature structure(s). A tooth is any hard bony, calcareous, or chitinous organ found in the mouth or pharynx of an animal and used in procuring or masticating food.
42478 regulation of eye photoreceptor cell development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eye photoreceptor development.
42479 positive regulation of eye photoreceptor cell development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eye photoreceptor development.
42480 negative regulation of eye photoreceptor cell development P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eye photoreceptor development.
42481 regulation of odontogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of a tooth or teeth.
42482 positive regulation of odontogenesis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of a tooth or teeth.
42483 negative regulation of odontogenesis P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of a tooth or teeth.
42487 regulation of odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of teeth, the hard, bony appendages which are borne on the jaws, or on other bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx of most vertebrates.
42488 positive regulation of odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of teeth, the hard, bony appendages that are borne on the jaws, or on other bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx of most vertebrates.
42489 negative regulation of odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of teeth, the hard, bony appendages which are borne on the jaws, or on other bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx.
42490 mechanoreceptor differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mechanoreceptor, a cell specialized to transduce mechanical stimuli and relay that information centrally in the nervous system.
42491 auditory receptor cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an auditory hair cell.
42492 gamma-delta T cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized hemopoietic cell acquires specialized features of a gamma-delta T cell. A gamma-delta T cell is a T cell that expresses a gamma-delta T cell receptor complex.
42493 response to drug P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease.
42494 detection of bacterial lipoprotein P The series of events in which a bacterial lipoprotein stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Bacterial lipoproteins are lipoproteins characterized by the presence of conserved sequence motifs called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).
42495 detection of triacyl bacterial lipopeptide P The series of events in which a triacylated bacterial lipoprotein stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Triacylated bacterial lipoproteins are lipopeptides of bacterial origin containing a nonprotein moiety consisting of three acyl groups.
42496 detection of diacyl bacterial lipopeptide P The series of events in which a diacylated bacterial lipopeptide stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Diacylated bacterial lipoproteins are lipopeptides of bacterial origin containing a nonprotein moiety consisting of two acyl groups.
42497 triacyl lipopeptide binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a lipopeptide containing a nonprotein moiety consisting of three acyl groups.
42498 diacyl lipopeptide binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a lipopeptide containing a nonprotein moiety consisting of two acyl groups.
42500 aspartic endopeptidase activity, intramembrane cleaving F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of nonterminal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain, occurring within a membrane.
42501 serine phosphorylation of STAT protein P The process of introducing a phosphate group to a serine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.
42502 tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat2 protein P The process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat2 protein.
42503 tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 protein P The process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat3 protein.
42504 tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat4 protein P The process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat4 protein.
42505 tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat6 protein P The process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat6 protein.
42506 tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 protein P The process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat5 protein.
42507 tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat7 protein P The process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat7 protein.
42508 tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat1 protein P The process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat1 protein.
42509 regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.
42510 regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat1 protein P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat1 protein.
42511 positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat1 protein P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat1 protein.
42512 negative regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat1 protein P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat1 protein.
42513 regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat2 protein P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat2 protein.
42514 negative regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat2 protein P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat2 protein.
42515 positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat2 protein P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat2 protein.
42516 regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 protein P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat3 protein.
42517 positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 protein P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat3 protein.
42518 negative regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 protein P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat3 protein.
42519 regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat4 protein P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat4 protein.
42520 positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat4 protein P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat4 protein.
42521 negative regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat4 protein P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat4 protein.
42522 regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 protein P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat5 protein.
42523 positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 protein P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat5 protein.
42524 negative regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 protein P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat5 protein.
42525 regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat6 protein P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat6 protein.
42526 positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat6 protein P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat6 protein.
42527 negative regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat6 protein P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat6 protein.
42528 regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat7 protein P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat7 protein.
42529 positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat7 protein P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat7 protein.
42530 negative regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat7 protein P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat7 protein.
42531 positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.
42532 negative regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.
42533 tumor necrosis factor biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tumor necrosis factor, an inflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages/monocytes during acute inflammation and which is responsible for a diverse range of signaling events within cells, leading to necrosis or apoptosis.
42534 regulation of tumor necrosis factor biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tumor necrosis factor, an inflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages/monocytes during acute inflammation and which is responsible for a diverse range of signaling events within cells, leading to necrosis or apoptosis.
42535 positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tumor necrosis factor, an inflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages/monocytes during acute inflammation and which is responsible for a diverse range of signaling events within cells, leading to necrosis or apoptosis.
42536 negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tumor necrosis factor, an inflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages/monocytes during acute inflammation and which is responsible for a diverse range of signaling events within cells, leading to necrosis or apoptosis.
42537 benzene-containing compound metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzene, C6H6, a volatile, very inflammable liquid, contained in the naphtha produced by the destructive distillation of coal, from which it is separated by fractional distillation, or any of its derivatives.
42538 hyperosmotic salinity response P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, an increase in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.
42539 hypotonic salinity response P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.
42540 hemoglobin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hemoglobin, an oxygen carrying, conjugated protein containing four heme groups and globin; especially, the proteolytic cleavage of hemoglobin to yield free heme, peptides, and amino acids.
42541 hemoglobin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hemoglobin, an oxygen carrying, conjugated protein containing four heme groups and globin.
42542 response to hydrogen peroxide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulus.
42543 protein N-linked glycosylation via arginine P The glycosylation of protein via peptidyl-arginine, omega-N-glycosyl-L-arginine.
42544 melibiose biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melibiose, the disaccharide 6-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose.
42545 cell wall modification P The series of events leading to chemical and structural alterations of an existing cell wall that can result in loosening, increased extensibility or disassembly.
42546 cell wall biogenesis P A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cell wall. Includes biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, such as proteins and polysaccharides, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the cellular component. A cell wall is the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.
42547 cell wall modification involved in multidimensional cell growth P The series of events resulting in chemical or structural changes to existing cell walls and contribute to multidimensional cell growth.
42548 regulation of photosynthesis, light reaction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis.
42549 photosystem II stabilization P The stabilization of the photosystem II protein complex, resulting from the phosphorylation of its structural protein subunits, in a cell actively involved in photosynthesis.
42550 photosystem I stabilization P The stabilization of the photosystem I protein complex, resulting from the phosphorylation of its structural protein subunits, in a cell actively involved in photosynthesis.
42551 neuron maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a neuron to attain its fully functional state.
42552 myelination P The process in which myelin sheaths are formed and maintained around neurons. Oligodendrocytes in the brain and spinal cord and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system wrap axons with compact layers of their plasma membrane. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier.
42554 superoxide anion generation P The enzymatic generation of superoxide, the superoxide anion O2- (superoxide free radical), or any compound containing this species, by a cell in response to environmental stress, thereby mediating the activation of various stress-inducible signaling pathways.
42555 MCM complex C A hexameric protein complex required for the initiation and regulation of DNA replication.
42556 eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase regulator activity F Modulates the activity of the enzyme eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase.
42557 eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase activator activity F Binds to and increases the activity of the enzyme eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase.
42558 pteridine-containing compound metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving any compound containing pteridine (pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine)), e.g. pteroic acid, xanthopterin and folic acid.
42559 pteridine-containing compound biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any compound containing pteridine (pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine)), e.g. pteroic acid, xanthopterin and folic acid.
42560 pteridine-containing compound catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any compound containing pteridine (pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine)), e.g. pteroic acid, xanthopterin and folic acid.
42561 alpha-amyrin synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene = alpha-amyrin. This reaction is a cyclization and rearrangement of (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene (2,3-oxidosqualene) into alpha-amyrin.
42562 hormone binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affect the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone.
42563 importin alpha-subunit nuclear export complex C A protein complex which usually consists of three components, e.g. in Xenopus, the importin alpha-subunit/CAS/Ran, and which functions to shuttle the importin alpha-subunit out of the nucleus through the nuclear pore.
42564 NLS-dependent protein nuclear import complex C A protein complex which usually consists of three components, e.g. in Xenopus, the importin alpha and beta-subunits and any protein which has a nuclear localization sequence (NLS). The complex acts to import proteins with an NLS into the nucleus through a nuclear pore.
42565 RNA nuclear export complex C A complex which usually consists of three components, e.g. in Xenopus and yeast, the export receptor CRM1 (also known as exportin 1), the Ran protein and any RNA with a nuclear export sequence (NES). The complex acts to export RNA molecules with a NES from the nucleus through a nuclear pore.
42566 hydrogenosome C A spherical, membrane-bounded organelle found in some anaerobic protozoa, which participates in ATP and molecular hydrogen formation.
42567 insulin-like growth factor ternary complex C A complex of three proteins, which in animals is approximately 150kDa and consists of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF), the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), or -5 (IGFBP-5) and an acid-labile subunit (ALS). The complex plays a role in growth and development.
42568 insulin-like growth factor binary complex C A complex of two proteins, which in animals is 50kDa and consists of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and one of the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), -2 (IGFBP-2), -4 (IGFBP-4) and -6 (IGFBP-6). The complex plays a role in growth and development.
42571 immunoglobulin complex, circulating C An immunoglobulin complex that is secreted into extracellular space and found in mucosal areas or other tissues or circulating in the blood or lymph. In its canonical form, a circulating immunoglobulin complex is composed of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. Some forms of are polymers of the basic structure and contain additional components such as J-chain and the secretory component.
42572 retinol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinol, one of the three compounds that makes up vitamin A.
42573 retinoic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinoic acid, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A.
42574 retinal metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinal, a compound that plays an important role in the visual process in most vertebrates. In the retina, retinal combines with opsins to form visual pigments. Retinal is one of the forms of vitamin A.
42575 DNA polymerase complex C A protein complex that possesses DNA polymerase activity and is involved in template directed synthesis of DNA.
42577 lipid phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a phospholipid + H2O = a lipid + phosphate.
42578 phosphoric ester hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: RPO-R' + H2O = RPOOH + R'H. This reaction is the hydrolysis of any phosphoric ester bond, any ester formed from orthophosphoric acid, O=P(OH)3.
42579 microbody C Cytoplasmic organelles, spherical or oval in shape, that are bounded by a single membrane and contain oxidative enzymes, especially those utilizing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
42580 mannosome C A specialised tubular organelle, assembled in hexagonal bundles within an external membrane. Mannosomes are specific to molluscs and are thought to be involved in a general stress reaction.
42581 specific granule C Granule with a membranous, tubular internal structure, found primarily in mature neutrophil cells. Most are released into the extracellular fluid. Specific granules contain lactoferrin, lysozyme, vitamin B12 binding protein and elastase.
42582 azurophil granule C Primary lysosomal granule found in neutrophil granulocytes. Contains a wide range of hydrolytic enzymes and is released into the extracellular fluid.
42583 chromaffin granule C Specialized secretory vesicle found in the cells of adrenal glands and various other organs, which is concerned with the synthesis, storage, metabolism, and secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine.
42584 chromaffin granule membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a chromaffin granule, a specialized secretory vesicle found in the cells of adrenal glands and various other organs, which is concerned with the synthesis, storage, metabolism, and secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine.
42585 germinal vesicle C The enlarged, fluid filled nucleus of a primary oocyte, the development of which is suspended in prophase I of the first meiotic division between embryohood and sexual maturity.
42586 peptide deformylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: formyl-L-methionyl peptide + H2O = formate + methionyl peptide.
42587 glycogen granule C Cytoplasmic bead-like structures of animal cells, visible by electron microscope. Each granule is a functional unit with the biosynthesis and catabolism of glycogen being catalyzed by enzymes bound to the granule surface.
42588 zymogen granule C A membrane-bounded, cytoplasmic secretory granule found in enzyme-secreting cells and visible by light microscopy. Contain zymogen, an inactive enzyme precursor, often of a digestive enzyme.
42589 zymogen granule membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a zymogen granule.
42590 antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I P The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.
42592 homeostatic process P Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state.
42593 glucose homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of glucose within an organism or cell.
42594 response to starvation P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of nourishment.
42595 behavioral response to starvation P Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of deprivation of nourishment.
42596 fear response P The response of an organism to a perceived external threat.
42597 periplasmic space C The region between the inner (cytoplasmic) and outer membrane (Gram-negative Bacteria) or cytoplasmic membrane and cell wall (Fungi and Gram-positive Bacteria).
42599 lamellar body C A membrane-bounded organelle, specialized for the storage and secretion of various substances (surfactant phospholipids, glycoproteins and acid phosphates) which are arranged in the form of tightly packed, concentric, membrane sheets or lamellae. Has some similar properties to, but is distinct from, a lysosome.
42600 chorion C A protective, noncellular membrane that surrounds the eggs of various animals including insects and fish.
42601 endospore-forming forespore C Portion of the cell formed during the process of bacterial sporulation that will ultimately become the core of the endospore. An endospore is a type of dormant cell that is resistant to adverse conditions.
42602 riboflavin reductase (NADPH) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: reduced riboflavin + NADP+ = riboflavin + NADPH + 2 H+.
42603 capsule C A protective structure surrounding some fungi and bacteria, attached externally to the cell wall and composed primarily of polysaccharides. Capsules are highly organized structures that adhere strongly to cells and cannot be easily removed. Capsules play important roles in pathogenicity, preventing phagocytosis by other cells, adherance, and resistance to dessication.
42605 peptide antigen binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an antigen peptide.
42608 T cell receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a T cell receptor, the antigen-recognizing receptor on the surface of T cells.
42609 CD4 receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a CD4, a receptor found on the surface of T cells, monocytes and macrophages.
42610 CD8 receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a CD8, a receptor found on the surface of thymocytes and cytotoxic and suppressor T-lymphocytes.
42611 MHC protein complex C A transmembrane protein complex composed of an MHC alpha chain and, in most cases, either an MHC class II beta chain or an invariant beta2-microglobin chain, and with or without a bound peptide, lipid, or polysaccharide antigen.
42612 MHC class I protein complex C A transmembrane protein complex composed of a MHC class I alpha chain and an invariant beta2-microglobin chain, and with or without a bound peptide antigen. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.
42613 MHC class II protein complex C A transmembrane protein complex composed of an MHC class II alpha and MHC class II beta chain, and with or without a bound peptide or polysaccharide antigen.
42614 CD70 receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a CD70, a receptor found on the surface of most activated B cells and some activated T cells.
42615 CD154 receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with CD154, a receptor found on the surface of some activated lymphocytes.
42616 paclitaxel metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving paclitaxel, an alkaloid compound used as an anticancer treatment.
42617 paclitaxel biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of paclitaxel, an alkaloid compound used as an anticancer treatment.
42618 poly-hydroxybutyrate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), a polymer of beta-hydroxybutyrate and a common storage material of prokaryotic cells.
42619 poly-hydroxybutyrate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), a polymer of beta-hydroxybutyrate and a common storage material of prokaryotic cells.
42620 poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates), polyesters of 3-hydroxyacids produced as intracellular granules by a large variety of bacteria.
42621 poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates), polyesters of 3-hydroxyacids produced as intracellular granules by a large variety of bacteria.
42622 photoreceptor outer segment membrane C The membrane surrounding the outer segment of a vertebrate photoreceptor.
42623 ATPase activity, coupled F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; this reaction directly drives some other reaction, for example ion transport across a membrane.
42624 ATPase activity, uncoupled F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; this reaction is not directly coupled to any other reaction.
42625 ATPase coupled ion transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of an ion from one side of a membrane to the other, driven by the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate.
42626 ATPase activity, coupled to transmembrane movement of substances F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to directly drive the active transport of a substance across a membrane.
42627 chylomicron C A large lipoprotein particle (diameter 75-1200 nm) composed of a central core of triglycerides and cholesterol surrounded by a protein-phospholipid coating. The proteins include one molecule of apolipoprotein B-48 and may include a variety of apolipoproteins, including APOAs, APOCs and APOE. Chylomicrons are found in blood or lymph and carry lipids from the intestines into other body tissues.
42628 mating plug formation P The deposition of a plug of sperm or other gelatinous material into the opening of the vulva by a male at the termination of copulation. Probably acts to prevent subsequent matings by other males.
42629 mast cell granule C Coarse, bluish-black staining cytoplasmic granules, bounded by a plasma membrane and found in mast cells and basophils. Contents include histamine, heparin, chondroitin sulfates, chymase and tryptase.
42630 behavioral response to water deprivation P Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of deprivation of water.
42631 cellular response to water deprivation P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of water.
42632 cholesterol homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of cholesterol within an organism or cell.
42633 hair cycle P The cyclical phases of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair; one of the collection or mass of filaments growing from the skin of an animal, and forming a covering for a part of the head or for any part or the whole of the body.
42634 regulation of hair cycle P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cyclical phases of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair.
42635 positive regulation of hair cycle P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the cyclical phases of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair.
42636 negative regulation of hair cycle P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cyclical phases of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair.
42637 catagen P The regression phase of the hair cycle during which cell proliferation ceases, the hair follicle shortens, and an anchored club hair is produced.
42638 exogen P The shedding phase of the hair cycle.
42639 telogen P The resting phase of hair cycle.
42640 anagen P The growth phase of the hair cycle. Lasts, for example, about 3 to 6 years for human scalp hair.
42641 actomyosin C Any complex of actin, myosin, and accessory proteins.
42642 actomyosin, myosin complex part C The myosin part of any complex of actin, myosin, and accessory proteins.
42643 actomyosin, actin portion C The actin part of any complex of actin, myosin, and accessory proteins.
42644 chloroplast nucleoid C The region of a chloroplast to which the DNA is confined.
42645 mitochondrial nucleoid C The region of a mitochondrion to which the DNA is confined.
42646 plastid nucleoid C The region of a plastid to which the DNA is confined.
42647 proplastid nucleoid C The region of a proplastid to which the DNA is confined.
42648 chloroplast chromosome C A circular DNA molecule containing chloroplast encoded genes.
42649 prothylakoid C Underdeveloped thylakoids found in etioplasts, lacking competent photosynthetic membranes. Rapidly develop into mature thylakoids in the presence of light.
42650 prothylakoid membrane C The membrane of prothylakoids, underdeveloped thylakoids found in etioplasts, lacking competent photosynthetic membranes.
42651 thylakoid membrane C The pigmented membrane of any thylakoid.
42652 mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, peripheral segment C The peripheral segment of respiratory chain complex I located in the mitochondrion. Respiratory chain complex I is an enzyme of the respiratory chain, consisting of at least 34 polypeptide chains. The electrons of NADH enter the chain at this complex. The complete complex is L-shaped, with a horizontal arm lying in the membrane and a vertical arm that projects into the matrix.
42653 mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, membrane segment C The mitochondrial membrane segment of respiratory chain complex I. Respiratory chain complex I is an enzyme of the respiratory chain, consisting of at least 34 polypeptide chains. The electrons of NADH enter the chain at this complex. The complete complex is L-shaped, with a horizontal arm lying in the membrane and a vertical arm that projects into the matrix.
42654 ecdysis-triggering hormone receptor activity F Combining with ecdysis-triggering hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.
42655 activation of JNKKK activity P The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme JUN kinase kinase kinase (JNKKK) activity.
42656 JUN kinase kinase kinase kinase activity F Catalysis of the phosphorylation and activation of JUN kinase kinase kinases (JNKKKs).
42657 MHC class II protein binding, via lateral surface F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the lateral surface of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules.
42658 MHC class II protein binding, via antigen binding groove F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the antigen binding groove of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules.
42659 regulation of cell fate specification P Any process that mediates the adoption of a specific fate by a cell.
42660 positive regulation of cell fate specification P Any process that activates or enables a cell to adopt a specific fate.
42661 regulation of mesodermal cell fate specification P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm cell fate specification.
42662 negative regulation of mesodermal cell fate specification P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm cell fate specification.
42663 regulation of endodermal cell fate specification P Any process that mediates the specification of a cell into an endoderm cell.
42664 negative regulation of endodermal cell fate specification P Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from specifying into an endoderm cell.
42665 regulation of ectodermal cell fate specification P Any process that mediates the specification of a cell into an ectoderm cell.
42666 negative regulation of ectodermal cell fate specification P Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from specifying into an ectoderm cell.
42667 auditory receptor cell fate specification P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an auditory hair cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
42668 auditory receptor cell fate determination P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an auditory hair cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
42669 regulation of auditory receptor cell fate specification P Any process that mediates the specification of a cell into an auditory hair cell.
42670 retinal cone cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a retinal cone cell.
42671 retinal cone cell fate determination P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a retinal cone cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
42672 retinal cone cell fate specification P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a retinal cone cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
42673 regulation of retinal cone cell fate specification P Any process that mediates the specification of a cell into a retinal cone cell.
42675 compound eye cone cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a compound eye cone cell, a cone-shaped cell, that focuses light in a compound eye.
42676 compound eye cone cell fate commitment P The process in which the cone cells of the compound eye, the lens-secreting cells in the ommatidia, adopt pathways of differentiation that lead to the establishment of their distinct cell type.
42679 compound eye cone cell fate specification P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a compound eye cone cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
42680 compound eye cone cell fate determination P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a compound eye cone cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
42682 regulation of compound eye cone cell fate specification P Any process that mediates the specification of a cell into a compound eye cone cell.
42683 negative regulation of compound eye cone cell fate specification P Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from specifying into a compound eye cone cell.
42684 cardioblast cell fate commitment P The process in which a cell becomes committed to becoming a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.
42685 cardioblast cell fate specification P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a cardioblast cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.
42686 regulation of cardioblast cell fate specification P Any process that mediates the specification of a cell into a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.
42688 crystal cell differentiation P The process in which a hemocyte precursor cell acquires the characteristics of a crystal cell, a class of cells that contain crystalline inclusions and are involved in the melanization of pathogenic material in the hemolymph.
42689 regulation of crystal cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of crystal cell differentiation.
42690 negative regulation of crystal cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of crystal cell differentiation.
42691 positive regulation of crystal cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of crystal cell differentiation.
42692 muscle cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a muscle cell.
42693 muscle cell fate commitment P The process in which the cellular identity of muscle cells is acquired and determined.
42694 muscle cell fate specification P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a muscle cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
42695 thelarche P The beginning of development of the breasts in the female.
42696 menarche P The beginning of the menstrual cycle; the first menstrual cycle in an individual.
42697 menopause P Cessation of menstruation, occurring in (e.g.) the human female usually around the age of 50.
42698 ovulation cycle P The type of sexual cycle seen in females, often with physiologic changes in the endometrium that recur at regular intervals during the reproductive years.
42699 follicle-stimulating hormone signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals mediated by follicle-stimulating hormone.
42700 luteinizing hormone signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals mediated by luteinizing hormone.
42701 progesterone secretion P The regulated release of progesterone, a steroid hormone, by the corpus luteum of the ovary and by the placenta.
42702 uterine wall growth P The regrowth of the endometrium and blood vessels in the uterus following menstruation, resulting from a rise in progesterone levels.
42703 menstruation P The cyclic, physiologic discharge through the vagina of blood and endometrial tissues from the nonpregnant uterus.
42704 uterine wall breakdown P The sloughing of the endometrium and blood vessels during menstruation that results from a drop in progesterone levels.
42705 ocellus photoreceptor cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a photoreceptor cell found in the ocellus.
42706 eye photoreceptor cell fate commitment P The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an eye photoreceptor cell. A photoreceptor cell is a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation. Different classes of photoreceptor have different spectral sensitivities and express different photosensitive pigments.
42707 ocellus photoreceptor cell fate commitment P The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into photoreceptor cell in the ocellus. A photoreceptor cell is a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation. Different classes of photoreceptor have different spectral sensitivities and express different photosensitive pigments.
42709 succinate-CoA ligase complex C A heterodimeric enzyme complex, usually composed of an alpha and beta chain. Functions in the TCA cycle, hydrolyzing succinyl-CoA into succinate and CoA, thereby forming ATP or GTP.
42710 biofilm formation P A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms grow at a liquid-air interface or on a solid substrate under the flow of a liquid and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription.
42711 maternal behavior P Female behaviors associated with the care and rearing of offspring.
42712 paternal behavior P Male behaviors associated with the care and rearing offspring.
42713 sperm ejaculation P The expulsion of seminal fluid, thick white fluid containing spermatozoa, from the male genital tract.
42714 dosage compensation complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on DNA or RNA to form the complex that mediates dosage compensation on one or more X chromosomes.
42715 dosage compensation complex assembly involved in dosage compensation by hypoactivation of X chromosome P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on DNA to form the complex that mediates dosage compensation on both X chromosomes in the monogametic sex, ultimately resulting in a two-fold reduction in transcription from these chromosomes. An example of this process is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.
42716 plasma membrane-derived chromatophore C A pigment-bearing structure that is derived from the cytoplasmic membrane, sometimes consisting of simple invaginations and sometimes a complete vesicle. This component is found in certain photosynthetic bacteria and cyanobacteria.
42717 plasma membrane-derived chromatophore membrane C The lipid bilayer associated with a plasma membrane-derived chromatophore; surrounds chromatophores that form complete vesicles.
42718 yolk granule C Discrete structures that partition the water-insoluble portion of the yolk of oocytes and ova, which may or may not be membrane enclosed.
42719 mitochondrial intermembrane space protein transporter complex C Soluble complex of the mitochondrial intermembrane space composed of various combinations of small Tim proteins; acts as a protein transporter to guide proteins to the Tim22 complex for insertion into the mitochondrial inner membrane.
42720 mitochondrial inner membrane peptidase complex C Protease complex of the mitochondrial inner membrane, consisting of at least two subunits, involved in processing of both nuclear- and mitochondrially-encoded proteins targeted to the intermembrane space.
42721 mitochondrial inner membrane protein insertion complex C A multi-subunit complex embedded in the mitochondrial inner membrane that mediates insertion of carrier proteins into the inner membrane.
42722 alpha-beta T cell activation by superantigen P The change in morphology and behavior of alpha-beta T cells resulting from exposure to a superantigen, a microbial antigen with an extremely potent activating effect on T cells that bear a specific variable region.
42723 thiamine-containing compound metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving thiamine (vitamin B1), and compounds derived from it.
42724 thiamine-containing compound biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine (vitamin B1), and related compounds.
42725 thiamine-containing compound catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of thiamine (vitamin B1), and compounds derived from it.
42726 flavin-containing compound metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a flavin, any derivative of the dimethylisoalloxazine (7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione) skeleton, with a substituent on the 10 position.
42727 flavin-containing compound biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a flavin, any derivative of the dimethylisoalloxazine (7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione) skeleton, with a substituent on the 10 position.
42728 flavin-containing compound catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a flavin, any derivative of the dimethylisoalloxazine (7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione) skeleton, with a substituent on the 10 position.
42729 DASH complex C A large protein complex, containing around 8-10 subunits in yeast, including Duo1p, Dam1p, Dad1p and Ask1p. The complex forms part of the kinetochore, associates with microtubules when the kinetochore attaches to the spindle, and plays a role in spindle attachment, chromosome segregation and spindle stability.
42730 fibrinolysis P A process that solubilizes fibrin in the bloodstream of a multicellular organism, chiefly by the proteolytic action of plasmin.
42731 PH domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a PH domain (pleckstrin homology) of a protein, a domain of about 100 residues that occurs in a wide range of proteins involved in intracellular signaling or as constituents of the cytoskeleton.
42732 D-xylose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-xylose, a naturally occurring plant polysaccharide.
42733 embryonic digit morphogenesis P The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the digit are generated and organized. A digit is one of the terminal divisions of an appendage, such as a finger or toe.
42734 presynaptic membrane C A specialized area of membrane of the axon terminal that faces the plasma membrane of the neuron or muscle fiber with which the axon terminal establishes a synaptic junction; many synaptic junctions exhibit structural presynaptic characteristics, such as conical, electron-dense internal protrusions, that distinguish it from the remainder of the axon plasma membrane.
42735 protein body C A membrane-bounded plant organelle found in the developing endosperm, contains storage proteins.
42736 NADH kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + NADH = ADP + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
42737 drug catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a drug, a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease.
42738 exogenous drug catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a drug that has originated externally to the cell or organism.
42739 endogenous drug catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a drug that has originated internally within the cell or organism.
42740 exogenous antibiotic catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an antibiotic that has originated externally to the cell or organism.
42741 endogenous antibiotic catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an antibiotic that has originated internally within the cell or organism.
42742 defense response to bacterium P Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism.
42743 hydrogen peroxide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a potentially harmful byproduct of aerobic cellular respiration which can cause damage to DNA.
42744 hydrogen peroxide catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
42745 circadian sleep/wake cycle P The cycle from wakefulness through an orderly succession of sleep states and stages that occurs on an approximately 24 hour rhythm.
42746 circadian sleep/wake cycle, wakefulness P The part of the circadian sleep/wake cycle where the organism is not asleep.
42747 circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep P A stage in the circadian sleep cycle during which dreams occur and the body undergoes marked changes including rapid eye movement, loss of reflexes, and increased pulse rate and brain activity.
42748 circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep P All sleep stages in the circadian sleep/wake cycle other than REM sleep. These stages are characterized by a slowing of brain waves and other physiological functions.
42749 regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the circadian sleep/wake cycle.
42750 hibernation P Any process in which an organism enters and maintains a period of dormancy in which to pass the winter. It is characterized by narcosis and by sharp reduction in body temperature and metabolic activity and by a depression of vital signs.
42751 estivation P Any process in which an organism enters and maintains a period of dormancy, similar to hibernation, but that occurs during the summer. It insulates against heat to prevent the harmful effects of the season.
42752 regulation of circadian rhythm P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm. A circadian rhythm is a biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.
42753 positive regulation of circadian rhythm P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm behavior.
42754 negative regulation of circadian rhythm P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm behavior.
42755 eating behavior P The specific behavior of an organism relating to the intake of food, any substance (usually solid) that can be metabolized by an organism to give energy and build tissue.
42756 drinking behavior P The specific behavior of an organism relating to the intake of liquids, especially water.
42757 giant axon C Extremely large, unmyelinated axon found in invertebrates. Has high conduction speeds and is usually involved in panic or escape responses.
42758 long-chain fatty acid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of long-chain fatty acids, a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.
42759 long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of long-chain fatty acids, any fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.
42760 very long-chain fatty acid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a fatty acid which has a chain length greater than C22.
42761 very long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a fatty acid which has a chain length greater than C22.
42762 regulation of sulfur metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfur, the nonmetallic element sulfur or compounds that contain sulfur.
42763 intracellular immature spore C A cell or part of the cell that constitutes an early developmental stage of a spore, a small reproductive body that is highly resistant to desiccation and heat and is capable of growing into a new organism, produced especially by certain bacteria, fungi, algae, and nonflowering plants.
42764 ascospore-type prospore C An immature spore undergoing development. The spore usually consists of nucleic acid, prospore membrane(s) that encase the nucleic acid, and ultimately a cell wall that covers the membrane(s). This type of spore is observed in ascospore-forming fungi.
42765 GPI-anchor transamidase complex C An enzyme complex which in humans and yeast consists of at least five proteins; for example, the complex contains GAA1, GPI8, PIG-S, PIG-U, and PIG-T in human, and Gaa1p, Gab1p, Gpi8p, Gpi16p, and Gpi17p in yeast. Catalyzes the posttranslational attachment of the carboxyl-terminus of a precursor protein to a GPI-anchor.
42766 nucleosome mobilization P The movement of nucleosomes along a DNA fragment.
42767 ecdysteroid 22-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the hydroxylation of an ecdysteroid at carbon position 22.
42768 ecdysteroid 2-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the hydroxylation of an ecdysteroid at carbon position 2.
42769 DNA damage response, detection of DNA damage P The series of events required to receive a stimulus indicating DNA damage has occurred and convert it to a molecular signal.
42770 signal transduction in response to DNA damage P A cascade of processes induced by the detection of DNA damage within a cell.
42771 intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator P A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.
42772 DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in transcription P A cascade of processes initiated in response to the detection of DNA damage, and resulting in the induction of transcription.
42773 ATP synthesis coupled electron transport P The transfer of electrons through a series of electron donors and acceptors, generating energy that is ultimately used for synthesis of ATP.
42774 plasma membrane ATP synthesis coupled electron transport P The transfer of electrons through a series of electron donors and acceptors, generating energy that is ultimately used for synthesis of ATP in the plasma membrane.
42775 mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport P The transfer of electrons through a series of electron donors and acceptors, generating energy that is ultimately used for synthesis of ATP, as it occurs in the mitochondrial inner membrane or chloroplast thylakoid membrane.
42776 mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled proton transport P The transport of protons across a mitochondrial membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that powers ATP synthesis.
42777 plasma membrane ATP synthesis coupled proton transport P The transport of protons across the plasma membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that powers ATP synthesis.
42778 tRNA end turnover P The process in which the 3'-terminal CCA of a tRNA is removed and restored. This often happens to uncharged tRNA.
42779 tRNA 3'-trailer cleavage P Cleavage of the 3'-end of the pre-tRNA as part of the process of generating the mature 3'-end of the tRNA; may involve endonucleolytic or exonucleolytic cleavage, or both.
42780 tRNA 3'-end processing P The process in which the 3' end of a pre-tRNA molecule is converted to that of a mature tRNA.
42781 3'-tRNA processing endoribonuclease activity F Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA, removing extra 3' nucleotides from tRNA precursor, generating 3' termini of tRNAs. A 3'-hydroxy group is left at the tRNA terminus and a 5'-phosphoryl group is left at the trailer molecule.
42782 passive evasion of host immune response P Any mechanism of immune avoidance that does not directly interfere with the host immune system; for example, some viruses enter a state of latency where their protein production is drastically downregulated, meaning that they are not detected by the host immune system. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
42783 active evasion of host immune response P Any mechanism of immune avoidance that directly affects the host immune system, e.g. blocking any stage in host MHC class I and II presentation. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
42784 active evasion of host immune response via regulation of host complement system P Any mechanism of active immune avoidance which works by regulating the host complement system, e.g. by possessing complement receptors which mediate attachment to, then infection of, host macrophages, which are eventually destroyed. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
42785 active evasion of host immune response via regulation of host cytokine network P Any mechanism of active immune avoidance which works by regulating host cytokine networks, e.g. by secreting proteins that mimic cytokine receptors that act to sequester host cytokines and inhibit action. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
42786 active evasion of host immune response via regulation of host antigen processing and presentation P Any mechanism of active immune avoidance which works by regulating the host's antigen processing or presentation pathways, e.g. by blocking any stage in MHC class II presentation. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
42787 protein ubiquitination involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process P The process in which a ubiquitin group, or multiple groups, are covalently attached to the target protein, thereby initiating the degradation of that protein.
42788 polysomal ribosome C A ribosome bound to mRNA that forms part of a polysome.
42789 mRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P The cellular synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA) from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter.
42790 transcription of nuclear large rRNA transcript from RNA polymerase I promoter P The synthesis of the large ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcript which encodes several rRNAs, e.g. in mammals 28S, 18S and 5.8S, from a nuclear DNA template transcribed by RNA polymerase I.
42791 5S class rRNA transcription from RNA polymerase III type 1 promoter P The synthesis of 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), or an equivalent rRNA, from a DNA template by RNA polymerase III (Pol III), originating at a type 1 RNA polymerase III promoter.
42792 rRNA transcription from mitochondrial promoter P The synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) from a mitochondrial DNA template.
42793 transcription from plastid promoter P The synthesis of RNA from a plastid DNA template, usually by a specific plastid RNA polymerase.
42794 rRNA transcription from plastid promoter P The synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) from a plastid DNA template, usually by a specific plastid RNA polymerase.
42795 snRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P The synthesis of small nuclear RNA (snRNA) from a DNA template by RNA Polymerase II (Pol II), originating at a Pol II promoter.
42796 snRNA transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter P The synthesis of small nuclear RNA (snRNA) from a DNA template by RNA Polymerase III (Pol III), originating at a Pol III promoter.
42797 tRNA transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter P The synthesis of transfer RNA (tRNA) from a DNA template by RNA Polymerase III (Pol III), originating at a Pol III promoter.
42799 histone methyltransferase activity (H4-K20 specific) F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H4 L-lysine (position 20) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H4 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 20). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group onto lysine at position 20 of the histone H4 protein.
42800 histone methyltransferase activity (H3-K4 specific) F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H3 L-lysine (position 4) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H3 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 4). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group onto lysine at position 4 of the histone H3 protein.
42801 polo kinase kinase activity F Catalysis of the addition of a phosphate group onto a serine or threonine residue in any member of the polo kinase class of proteins.
42802 identical protein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein or proteins.
42803 protein homodimerization activity F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer.
42805 actinin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with actinin, any member of a family of proteins that crosslink F-actin.
42806 fucose binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with fucose, the pentose 6-deoxygalactose.
42807 central vacuole C A membrane-enclosed sac that takes up most of the volume of a mature plant cell. Functions include storage, separation of toxic byproducts, and cell growth determination.
42809 vitamin D receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the vitamin D receptor, a nuclear receptor that mediates the action of vitamin D by binding DNA and controlling the transcription of hormone-sensitive genes.
42810 pheromone metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving pheromones, a substance that is secreted and released by an organism and detected by a second organism of the same or a closely related species, in which it causes a specific reaction, such as a definite behavioral reaction or a developmental process.
42811 pheromone biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pheromones, a substance that is secreted and released by an organism and detected by a second organism of the same or a closely related species, in which it causes a specific reaction, such as a definite behavioral reaction or a developmental process.
42812 pheromone catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pheromones, a substance that is secreted and released by an organism and detected by a second organism of the same or a closely related species, in which it causes a specific reaction, such as a definite behavioral reaction or a developmental process.
42813 Wnt-activated receptor activity F Combining with a Wnt protein and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.
42814 monopolar cell growth P Polarized growth from one end of a cell.
42815 bipolar cell growth P The process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size along one axis through simultaneous polarized growth from opposite ends of a cell, resulting in morphogenesis of the cell.
42816 vitamin B6 metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the vitamin B6 compounds: pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine and the active form, pyridoxal phosphate.
42817 pyridoxal metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate.
42818 pyridoxamine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-(aminomethyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol, one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate.
42819 vitamin B6 biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of the vitamin B6 compounds; pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine and the active form, pyridoxal phosphate.
42820 vitamin B6 catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of the vitamin B6 compounds; pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine and the active form, pyridoxal phosphate.
42821 pyridoxal biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, one of the vitamin B6 compounds.
42822 pyridoxal phosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyridoxal phosphate, pyridoxal phosphorylated at the hydroxymethyl group of C-5, the active form of vitamin B6.
42823 pyridoxal phosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyridoxal phosphate, pyridoxal phosphorylated at the hydroxymethyl group of C-5, the active form of vitamin B6.
42824 MHC class I peptide loading complex C A large, multisubunit complex which consists of the MHC class I-beta 2 microglobulin dimer, the transporter associated with antigen presentation (TAP), tapasin (an MHC-encoded membrane protein), the chaperone calreticulin and the thiol oxidoreductase ERp57. Functions in the assembly of peptides with newly synthesized MHC class I molecules.
42825 TAP complex C A heterodimer composed of the subunits TAP1 and TAP2 (transporter associated with antigen presentation). Functions in the transport of antigenic peptides from the cytosol to the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum.
42826 histone deacetylase binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the enzyme histone deacetylase.
42827 platelet dense granule C Electron-dense granule occurring in blood platelets that stores and secretes adenosine nucleotides and serotonin. They contain a highly condensed core consisting of serotonin, histamine, calcium, magnesium, ATP, ADP, pyrophosphate and membrane lysosomal proteins.
42832 defense response to protozoan P Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a protozoan that act to protect the cell or organism.
42834 peptidoglycan binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently, in a non-covalent manner, with peptidoglycan, any of a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls.
42835 BRE binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the RNA element BRE (Bruno response element).
42836 D-glucarate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-glucarate, the D-enantiomer of glucarate. D-glucarate is derived from either D-glucose or L-gulose.
42837 D-glucarate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-glucarate, the D-enantiomer of glucarate.
42838 D-glucarate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-glucarate, the D-enantiomer of glucarate.
42839 D-glucuronate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-glucuronate, the D-enantiomer of glucuronate.
42840 D-glucuronate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-glucuronate, the D-enantiomer of glucuronate.
42841 D-glucuronate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-glucuronate, the D-enantiomer of glucuronate.
42842 D-xylose biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-xylose, a naturally occurring plant polysaccharide.
42843 D-xylose catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-xylose, a naturally occurring plant polysaccharide.
42844 glycol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycol, a diol in which the two hydroxy groups are on different carbon atoms, usually but not necessarily adjacent.
42845 glycol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycol, a diol in which the two hydroxy groups are on different carbon atoms, usually but not necessarily adjacent.
42846 glycol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycol, a diol in which the two hydroxy groups are on different carbon atoms, usually but not necessarily adjacent.
42847 sorbose biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sorbose, the ketohexose xylo-2-hexulose. Sorbose is produced commercially by fermentation and is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of ascorbic acid.
42848 sorbose catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sorbose, the ketohexose xylo-2-hexulose. Sorbose is produced commercially by fermentation and is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of ascorbic acid.
42849 L-sorbose biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-sorbose, the L-enantiomer of the ketohexose xylo-2-hexulose. L-sorbose is formed by bacterial oxidation of sorbitol.
42850 L-sorbose catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-sorbose, the L-enantiomer of the ketohexose xylo-2-hexulose.
42851 L-alanine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-alanine, the L-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2-aminopropanoic acid.
42852 L-alanine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-alanine, the L-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2-aminopropanoic acid.
42853 L-alanine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-alanine, the L-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2-aminopropanoic acid.
42854 eugenol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving eugenol, a colorless, aromatic, liquid hydrocarbon (C10H12O2) found in clove oil.
42855 eugenol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of eugenol, a colorless, aromatic, liquid hydrocarbon (C10H12O2) found in clove oil.
42856 eugenol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of eugenol, a colorless, aromatic, liquid hydrocarbon (C10H12O2) found in clove oil.
42857 chrysobactin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving the siderophore chrysobactin (alpha-N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-D-lysyl-L-serine).
42858 chrysobactin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the siderophore chrysobactin (alpha-N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-D-lysyl-L-serine).
42859 chrysobactin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the siderophore chrysobactin (alpha-N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-D-lysyl-L-serine).
42860 achromobactin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving achromobactin, a citrate siderophore.
42861 achromobactin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of achromobactin, a citrate siderophore.
42862 achromobactin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of achromobactin, a citrate siderophore.
42863 pyochelin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving the siderochrome pyochelin (2-(2-o-hydroxyphenyl-2-thiazolin-4-yl)-3-methylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid).
42864 pyochelin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the siderochrome pyochelin (2-(2-o-hydroxyphenyl-2-thiazolin-4-yl)-3-methylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid).
42865 pyochelin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the siderochrome pyochelin (2-(2-o-hydroxyphenyl-2-thiazolin-4-yl)-3-methylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid).
42866 pyruvate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyruvate, 2-oxopropanoate.
42867 pyruvate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyruvate, 2-oxopropanoate.
42868 antisense RNA metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving antisense RNA, an RNA molecule complementary in sequence to another RNA or DNA molecule, which, by binding the latter, acts to inhibit its function and/or completion of synthesis.
42869 aldarate transport P The directed movement of aldarate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
42870 D-glucarate transport P The directed movement of D-glucarate, the D-enantiomer of glucarate, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
42873 aldonate transport P The directed movement of aldonate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
42874 D-glucuronate transport P The directed movement of D-glucuronate, the D-enantiomer of glucuronate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
42875 D-galactonate transport P The directed movement of D-galactonate, the D-enantiomer of galactonate, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
42876 aldarate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of aldarate from one side of the membrane to the other.
42878 D-glucarate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of D-glucarate, the D-enantiomer of glucarate, from one side of the membrane to the other.
42879 aldonate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of aldonate from one side of the membrane to the other.
42880 D-glucuronate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of D-glucuronate, the D-enantiomer of glucuronate, from one side of the membrane to the other.
42881 D-galactonate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of D-galactonate, the D-enantiomer of galactonate, from one side of the membrane to the other.
42882 L-arabinose transport P The directed movement of L-arabinose, the L-enantiomer of arabinose, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
42883 cysteine transport P The directed movement of cysteine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
42884 microcin transport P The directed movement of microcin, a class of glycine-rich, bactericidal peptides (antibiotics) produced by some enteric bacteria, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
42885 microcin B17 transport P The directed movement of microcin B17, a bactericidal peptide (antibiotic) produced by some enteric bacteria, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
42886 amide transport P The directed movement of an amide, any compound containing one, two, or three acyl groups attached to a nitrogen atom, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
42887 amide transmembrane transporter activity F Enables directed movement of an amide, any compound containing one, two, or three acyl groups attached to a nitrogen atom, from one side of the membrane to the other.
42888 molybdenum ion transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of molybdenum (Mo) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
42889 3-phenylpropionic acid transport P The directed movement of 3-phenylpropionic acid into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
42890 3-phenylpropionic acid transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of 3-phenylpropionic acid from one side of the membrane to the other.
42891 antibiotic transport P The directed movement of an antibiotic, a substance produced by or derived from certain fungi, bacteria, and other organisms, that can destroy or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
42892 chloramphenicol transport P The directed movement of chloramphenicol, a broad-spectrum antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
42893 polymyxin transport P The directed movement of polymyxin, any of a group of related antibiotics produced by Bacillus polymyxa and active against most Gram-negative bacteria, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
42894 fosmidomycin transport P The directed movement of fosmidomycin, a phosphonic acid derivative with potent activity against Gram-negative organisms, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
42895 antibiotic transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of an antibiotic, a substance produced by or derived from certain fungi, bacteria, and other organisms, that can destroy or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
42896 chloramphenicol transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of chloramphenicol, a broad-spectrum antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
42897 polymyxin transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of polymyxin, any of a group of related antibiotics produced by Bacillus polymyxa and active against most Gram-negative bacteria, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
42898 fosmidomycin transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of fosmidomycin, a phosphonic acid derivative with potent activity against Gram-negative organisms, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
42899 arabinan transport P The directed movement of arabinan, a polysaccharide composed of arabinose residues, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
42900 arabinose transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of arabinose, a pentose monosaccharide that occurs in both D and L configurations, and as a polymer, from one side of the membrane to the other.
42901 arabinan transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of an arabinan, a polysaccharide composed of arabinose residues, from one side of the membrane to the other.
42902 peptidoglycan-protein cross-linking via L-threonyl-pentaglycyl-murein P The process of linking a protein to peptidoglycan via a carboxy terminal threonine carboxyl group through a pentaglycyl peptide to the lysine or diaminopimelic acid of the peptidoglycan.
42903 tubulin deacetylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl(alpha-tubulin) + H2O = alpha-tubulin + acetate.
42904 9-cis-retinoic acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 9-cis-retinoic acid, a metabolically active vitamin A derivative.
42905 9-cis-retinoic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 9-cis-retinoic acid, a metabolically active vitamin A derivative.
42906 xanthine transport P The directed movement of xanthine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Xanthine (2,6-dihydroxypurine) is a purine formed in the metabolic breakdown of guanine, but is not present in nucleic acids.
42907 xanthine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of xanthine from one side of a membrane to the other. Xanthine (2,6-dihydroxypurine) is a purine formed in the metabolic breakdown of guanine, but is not present in nucleic acids.
42908 xenobiotic transport P The directed movement of a xenobiotic, a compound foreign to living organisms, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
42909 acridine transport P The directed movement of acridine (10-azaanthracene), a heterocyclic ring compound found in crude coal-tar anthracene, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
42910 xenobiotic transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of a xenobiotic, a compound foreign to living organisms, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
42911 acridine transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of acridine (10-azaanthracene), a heterocyclic ring compound found in crude coal-tar anthracene, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
42912 colicin transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of a colicin from one side of a membrane to the other. Colicins are a group of antibiotics produced by E. coli and related species that are encoded by a group of naturally occurring plasmids, e.g. Col E1.
42913 group A colicin transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of group A colicins (colicins E1, E2, E3, A, K, and N) from one side of a membrane to the other.
42914 colicin transport P The directed movement of a colicin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Colicins are a group of antibiotics produced by E. coli and related species that are encoded by a group of naturally occurring plasmids, e.g. Col E1.
42915 group A colicin transport P The directed movement of group A colicins (colicins E1, E2, E3, A, K, and N) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
42916 alkylphosphonate transport P The directed movement of an alkylphosphonate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
42917 alkylphosphonate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of an alkylphosphonate from one side of a membrane to the other.
42918 alkanesulfonate transport P The directed movement of an alkanesulfonate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Alkanesulfonates are organic esters or salts of sulfonic acid containing an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical.
42919 benzoate transport P The directed movement of benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
42920 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid transport P The directed movement of 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
42921 glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a glucocorticoid binding to its receptor.
42922 neuromedin U receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on a neuromedin U receptor.
42923 neuropeptide binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently and stoichiometrically with neuropeptides, peptides with direct synaptic effects (peptide neurotransmitters) or indirect modulatory effects on the nervous system (peptide neuromodulators).
42924 neuromedin U binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently and stoichiometrically with neuromedin U, a hypothalamic peptide involved in energy homeostasis and stress responses.
42925 benzoate transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
42926 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
42927 siderophore transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of siderophores, low molecular weight Fe(III)-chelating substances, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
42928 ferrichrome transport P The directed movement of a ferrichrome into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Ferrichromes are any of a group of growth-promoting Fe(III) chelates formed by various genera of microfungi. They are homodetic cyclic hexapeptides made up of a tripeptide of glycine (or other small neutral amino acids) and a tripeptide of an N'acyl-N4-hydroxy-L-ornithine.
42929 ferrichrome transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of a ferrichrome into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Ferrichromes are any of a group of growth-promoting Fe(III) chelates formed by various genera of microfungi. They are homodetic cyclic hexapeptides made up of a tripeptide of glycine (or other small neutral amino acids) and a tripeptide of an N'acyl-N4-hydroxy-L-ornithine.
42930 enterobactin transport P The directed movement of the siderochrome enterobactin, a cyclic trimer of 2, 3 dihydroxybenzoylserine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
42931 enterobactin transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of the siderochrome enterochelin, a cyclic trimer of 2, 3 dihydroxybenzoylserine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
42932 chrysobactin transport P The directed movement of the siderophore chrysobactin (alpha-N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-D-lysyl-L-serine) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
42933 chrysobactin transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of the siderophore chrysobactin (alpha-N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-D-lysyl-L-serine) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
42934 achromobactin transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of achromobactin, a citrate siderophore, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
42935 achromobactin transport P The directed movement of achromobactin, a citrate siderophore, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
42936 dipeptide transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of a dipeptide, a combination of two amino acids by means of a peptide (-CO-NH-) link, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
42937 tripeptide transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of a tripeptide, a compound containing three amino acids linked together by peptide bonds, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
42938 dipeptide transport P The directed movement of a dipeptide, a combination of two amino acids by means of a peptide (-CO-NH-) link, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
42939 tripeptide transport P The directed movement of a tripeptide, a compound containing three amino acids linked together by peptide bonds, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
42940 D-amino acid transport P The directed movement of the D-enantiomer of an amino acid into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
42941 D-alanine transport P The directed movement of D-alanine, the D-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
42942 D-serine transport P The directed movement of D-serine, the D-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
42943 D-amino acid transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of D-amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. D-amino acids are the D-enantiomers of amino acids.
42944 D-alanine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of D-alanine from one side of a membrane to the other. D-alanine is the D-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid.
42945 D-serine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of D-serine from one side of a membrane to the other. D-serine is the D-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.
42946 glucoside transport P The directed movement of glucosides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Glucosides are glycosides in which the sugar group is a glucose residue.
42947 glucoside transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of glucosides from one side of the membrane to the other. Glucosides are glycosides in which the sugar group is a glucose residue.
42948 salicin transport P The directed movement of salicin (saligenin-beta-D-glucopyranoside), a glucoside of o-hydroxybenzylalcohol, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
42949 arbutin transport P The directed movement of arbutin, a glycoside found in the bearberry and related plants which has been used to treat urinary-tract diseases, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
42950 salicin transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of salicin (saligenin-beta-D-glucopyranoside), a glucoside of o-hydroxybenzylalcohol, from one side of the membrane to the other.
42951 arbutin transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of arbutin, a glycoside found in the bearberry and related plants which has been used to treat urinary-tract diseases, from one side of the membrane to the other.
42952 beta-ketoadipate pathway P A pathway of aromatic compound degradation by ortho-cleavage; one branch converts protocatechuate, derived from phenolic compounds, to beta-ketoadipate, and the other branch converts catechol, generated from various aromatic hydrocarbons, amino aromatics, and lignin monomers, also to beta-ketoadipate. Two additional steps accomplish the conversion of beta-ketoadipate to tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates.
42953 lipoprotein transport P The directed movement of any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
42954 lipoprotein transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
42955 dextrin transport P The directed movement of dextrin, any one, or the mixture, of the intermediate polysaccharides formed during the hydrolysis of starch, which are dextrorotatory, soluble in water, and precipitable in alcohol, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
42956 maltodextrin transport P The directed movement of maltodextrin, any polysaccharide of glucose residues in beta-(1,4) linkage, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
42957 dextrin transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of dextrin, any one, or the mixture, of the intermediate polysaccharides formed during the hydrolysis of starch, which are dextrorotatory, soluble in water, and precipitable in alcohol, from one side of the membrane to the other.
42958 maltodextrin transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of maltodextrin, any polysaccharide of glucose residues in beta-(1,4) linkage, from one side of the membrane to the other.
42959 alkanesulfonate transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of alkanesulfonate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
42960 antimonite secondary active transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of antimonite from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Chemiosmotic sources of energy include uniport, symport or antiport.
42961 antimonite-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + antimonite(in) = ADP + phosphate + antimonite(out).
42962 acridine:proton antiporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + acridine(in) = H+(in) + acridine(out).
42964 thioredoxin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thioredoxin, a small disulfide-containing redox protein that serves as a general protein disulfide oxidoreductase.
42965 glutaredoxin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a small disulfide-containing redox protein that serves as a glutathione-disulfide oxidoreductase.
42966 biotin carboxyl carrier protein biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the biotin carboxyl carrier protein, a subunit of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase.
42967 acyl-carrier-protein biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acyl-carrier protein.
42968 homoserine transport P The directed movement of homoserine, alpha-amino-gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cystathionine, threonine and methionine, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
42969 lactone transport P The directed movement of lactone from one side of a membrane to the other. A lactone is a cyclic ester of a hydroxy carboxylic acid, containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or an analogue having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.
42970 homoserine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of homoserine from one side of a membrane to the other. Homoserine is alpha-amino-gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cystathionine, threonine and methionine.
42971 lactone transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of lactone from one side of a membrane to the other. A lactone is a cyclic ester of a hydroxy carboxylic acid, containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or an analogue having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.
42972 licheninase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in beta-D-glucans containing (1->3) and (1->4) bonds.
42973 glucan endo-1,3-beta-D-glucosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in (1->3)-beta-D-glucans.
42974 retinoic acid receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the retinoic acid receptor, a ligand-regulated transcription factor belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily.
42975 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptors, alpha, beta or gamma.
42976 activation of Janus kinase activity P The process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a JAK (Janus Activated Kinase) protein, thereby activating it.
42977 activation of JAK2 kinase activity P The process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a JAK2 (Janus Activated Kinase 2) protein, thereby activating it.
42978 ornithine decarboxylase activator activity F Upregulation of the activity of the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase.
42979 ornithine decarboxylase regulator activity F Modulation of the activity of the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase.
42981 regulation of apoptotic process P Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process.
42982 amyloid precursor protein metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of beta-amyloid, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease.
42983 amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of beta-amyloid, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease.
42984 regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of beta-amyloid.
42985 negative regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of beta-amyloid.
42986 positive regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of beta-amyloid.
42987 amyloid precursor protein catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of beta-amyloid, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease.
42988 X11-like protein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with X11-like protein, a neuron-specific adaptor protein.
42989 sequestering of actin monomers P The selective interaction of actin monomers with specific molecules that inhibit their polymerization by preventing their access to other monomers.
42990 regulation of transcription factor import into nucleus P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a transcription factor from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
42991 transcription factor import into nucleus P The directed movement of a transcription factor from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
42992 negative regulation of transcription factor import into nucleus P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a transcription factor from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
42993 positive regulation of transcription factor import into nucleus P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a transcription factor from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
42994 cytoplasmic sequestering of transcription factor P The selective interaction of a transcription factor with specific molecules in the cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting its translocation into the nucleus.
42995 cell projection C A prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.
42996 regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the transport of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane.
42997 negative regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the transport of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane.
42998 positive regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the transport of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane.
42999 regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane CFTR protein transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transport of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein from the Golgi to the plasma membrane.
43000 Golgi to plasma membrane CFTR protein transport P The directed movement of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein from the Golgi to the plasma membrane.
43001 Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport P The directed movement of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles that move from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane.
43002 negative regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane CFTR protein transport P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transport of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein from the Golgi to the plasma membrane.
43003 positive regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane CFTR protein transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transport of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein from the Golgi to the plasma membrane.
43004 cytoplasmic sequestering of CFTR protein P The selective interaction of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein with specific molecules in the cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting its transport to the cell membrane.
43005 neuron projection C A prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite.
43006 activation of phospholipase A2 activity by calcium-mediated signaling P A series of molecular signals that leads to the upregulation of calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 activity in response to the signal.
43007 maintenance of rDNA P Any process involved in sustaining the fidelity and copy number of rDNA repeats.
43008 ATP-dependent protein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules) using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.
43009 chordate embryonic development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo over time, from zygote formation through a stage including a notochord and neural tube until birth or egg hatching.
43010 camera-type eye development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the camera-type eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The camera-type eye is an organ of sight that receives light through an aperture and focuses it through a lens, projecting it on a photoreceptor field.
43011 myeloid dendritic cell differentiation P The process in which a monocyte acquires the specialized features of a dendritic cell, an immunocompetent cell of the lymphoid and hemopoietic systems and skin.
43012 regulation of fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane P Any process that modulates the binding and fusion of a sperm to the oocyte plasma membrane.
43013 negative regulation of fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane P Any process that stops or prevents the binding and fusion of a sperm to the oocyte plasma membrane.
43014 alpha-tubulin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the microtubule constituent protein alpha-tubulin.
43015 gamma-tubulin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the microtubule constituent protein gamma-tubulin.
43016 regulation of lymphotoxin A biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
43017 positive regulation of lymphotoxin A biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
43018 negative regulation of lymphotoxin A biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
43020 NADPH oxidase complex C A enzyme complex of which the core is a heterodimer composed of a light (alpha) and heavy (beta) chain, and requires several other water-soluble proteins of cytosolic origin for activity. Functions in superoxide generation by the NADPH-dependent reduction of O2.
43021 ribonucleoprotein complex binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any complex of RNA and protein.
43022 ribosome binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any part of a ribosome.
43023 ribosomal large subunit binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any part of the larger ribosomal subunit.
43024 ribosomal small subunit binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any part of the small ribosomal subunit.
43025 neuronal cell body C The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes cell projections such as axons and dendrites.
43027 cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity involved in apoptotic process F Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic process.
43028 cysteine-type endopeptidase regulator activity involved in apoptotic process F Modulates the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic process.
43029 T cell homeostasis P The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of T cells such that the total number of T cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.
43030 regulation of macrophage activation P Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of macrophage activation.
43031 negative regulation of macrophage activation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage activation.
43032 positive regulation of macrophage activation P Any process that stimulates, induces or increases the rate of macrophage activation.
43033 isoamylase complex C A protein complex whose composition varies amongst species; in rice it probably exists in a homo-tetramer to homo-hexamer form and in Gram-negative bacteria as a dimer. Functions in the hydrolysis of alpha-(1,6)-D-glucosidic branch linkages.
43034 costamere C Regular periodic sub membranous arrays of vinculin in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells, these arrays link Z-discs to the sarcolemma and are associated with links to extracellular matrix.
43035 chromatin insulator sequence binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently and stoichiometrically with a chromatin insulator sequence, a DNA sequence that prevents enhancer-mediated activation or repression of transcription.
43036 starch grain C Plant storage body for amylose and amylopectin, 1-100um in diameter. Also contains small amounts of enzymes, amino acids, lipids and nucleic acids. The shape of the grain varies widely amongst species, but is often spherical or disk-shaped.
43038 amino acid activation P The modification of an amino acid to an active form, for incorporation into a peptide, protein or other macromolecule.
43039 tRNA aminoacylation P The chemical reactions and pathways by which the various amino acids become bonded to their corresponding tRNAs. The most common route for synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA is by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA, usually catalyzed by the cognate aminoacyl-tRNA ligase. A given aminoacyl-tRNA ligase aminoacylates all species of an isoaccepting group of tRNA molecules.
43040 tRNA aminoacylation for nonribosomal peptide biosynthetic process P The synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA, to be used in nonribosomal peptide synthesis.
43041 amino acid activation for nonribosomal peptide biosynthetic process P Activation of an amino acid for incorporation into a peptide by a nonribosomal process.
43042 amino acid adenylylation by nonribosomal peptide synthase P Activation of an amino acid for incorporation into a peptide by a nonribosomal process, catalyzed by subunits of nonribosomal peptide synthase. The amino acid is adenylated at its carboxylate group (ATP-dependent) then transferred to the thiol group of an enzyme-bound phosphopantetheine cofactor.
43043 peptide biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptides, compounds of 2 or more (but usually less than 100) amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another. This may include the translation of a precursor protein and its subsequent processing into a functional peptide.
43044 ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling P Dynamic structural changes to eukaryotic chromatin that require energy from the hydrolysis of ATP, ranging from local changes necessary for transcriptional regulation to global changes necessary for chromosome segregation, mediated by ATP-dependent chromatin-remodelling factors.
43045 DNA methylation involved in embryo development P The covalent transfer of a methyl group to C-5 of cytosine that contributes to the epigenetic regulation of embryonic gene expression.
43046 DNA methylation involved in gamete generation P The covalent transfer of a methyl group to C-5 of cytosine that contributes to the establishment of DNA methylation patterns in the gamete.
43047 single-stranded telomeric DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with single-stranded telomere-associated DNA.
43048 dolichyl monophosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dolichyl diphosphate, a phosphorylated dolichol derivative.
43049 otic placode formation P The initial developmental process that will lead to the formation of the vertebrate inner ear. The otic placode forms as a thickening of the head ectoderm adjacent to the developing hindbrain.
43050 pharyngeal pumping P The contraction and relaxation movements of the pharyngeal muscle that mediate feeding in nematodes.
43051 regulation of pharyngeal pumping P Any process that modulates the contraction and relaxation movements of the pharyngeal muscle that mediates feeding in nematodes.
43052 thermotaxis P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a temperature gradient. Movement may be towards either a higher or lower temperature.
43053 dauer entry P Entry into the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage of nematode development.
43054 dauer exit P Exit from the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage of nematode development.
43055 maintenance of dauer P Maintenance of a nematode during the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage of nematode development.
43056 forward locomotion P Anterior movement of an organism, following the direction of the head of the animal.
43057 backward locomotion P Posterior movement of an organism, e.g. following the direction of the tail of an animal.
43058 regulation of backward locomotion P Any process that modulates the speed, mechanical force, or rhythm of the posterior movement of an organism.
43059 regulation of forward locomotion P Any process that modulates the speed, mechanical force, or rhythm of the anterior movement of an organism.
43060 meiotic metaphase I plate congression P The alignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate, a plane halfway between the poles of the meiotic spindle, during meiosis I.
43061 meiotic metaphase II plate congression P The alignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate, a plane halfway between the poles of the meiotic spindle, during meiosis II.
43062 extracellular structure organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures in the space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane, and also covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
43063 intercellular bridge organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the intracellular bridge. An intracellular bridge is a direct link between the cytoplasms of sister cells that allows cells to communicate with one another.
43065 positive regulation of apoptotic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.
43066 negative regulation of apoptotic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.
43067 regulation of programmed cell death P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.
43068 positive regulation of programmed cell death P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.
43069 negative regulation of programmed cell death P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.
43073 germ cell nucleus C The nucleus of a germ cell, a reproductive cell in multicellular organisms.
43076 megasporocyte nucleus C The nucleus of a megasporocyte, a diploid cell that undergoes meiosis to produce four megaspores, and its descendents.
43077 initiation of acetate catabolic process P The activation of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
43078 polar nucleus C Either of two nuclei located centrally in a flowering plant embryo sac that eventually fuse to form the endosperm nucleus.
43079 antipodal cell nucleus C The nucleus of an antipodal cell, one of three cells of the embryo sac in angiosperms, found at the chalazal end of the embryo away from the point of entry of the pollen tube, and its descendents.
43082 megagametophyte egg cell nucleus C The nucleus of a plant egg cell. This nucleus is found at the micropylar end of the embryo.
43083 synaptic cleft C The narrow gap that separates the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes, into which neurotransmitter is released.
43084 penile erection P The hardening, enlarging and rising of the penis which often occurs in the sexually aroused male and enables sexual intercourse. Achieved by increased inflow of blood into the vessels of erectile tissue, and decreased outflow.
43085 positive regulation of catalytic activity P Any process that activates or increases the activity of an enzyme.
43086 negative regulation of catalytic activity P Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an enzyme.
43087 regulation of GTPase activity P Any process that modulates the rate of GTP hydrolysis by a GTPase.
43090 amino acid import P The directed movement of amino acids into a cell or organelle.
43091 L-arginine import P The directed movement of L-arginine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-5-guanidinopentanoic acid, into a cell or organelle.
43092 L-amino acid import P The directed movement of L-enantiomer amino acids into a cell or organelle.
43093 FtsZ-dependent cytokinesis P A cytokinesis process that involves a set of conserved proteins including FtsZ, and results in the formation of two similarly sized and shaped cells.
43094 cellular metabolic compound salvage P Any process which produces a useful metabolic compound from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis, as carried out by individual cells.
43095 regulation of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity P Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme GTP cyclohydrolase I.
43096 purine nucleobase salvage P Any process that generates purine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis.
43097 pyrimidine nucleoside salvage P Any process that generates a pyrimidine nucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose, from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
43098 purine deoxyribonucleoside salvage P Any process which produces a purine deoxyribonucleoside from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
43099 pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside salvage P Any process that generates a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
43100 pyrimidine nucleobase salvage P Any process that generates pyrimidine nucleobases, 1,3-diazine organic nitrogenous bases, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis.
43101 purine-containing compound salvage P Any process that generates a purine-containing compound, any nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide or nucleic acid that contains a purine base, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis.
43102 amino acid salvage P Any process which produces an amino acid from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
43103 hypoxanthine salvage P Any process that generates hypoxanthine, 6-hydroxy purine, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
43104 positive regulation of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity P Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme GTP cyclohydrolase I.
43105 negative regulation of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity P Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme GTP cyclohydrolase I.
43107 type IV pilus-dependent motility P Any process involved in the controlled movement of a bacterial cell which is dependent on the presence of type IV pili. Includes social gliding motility and twitching motility.
43108 pilus retraction P The process of withdrawing a pilus back into a cell.
43110 rDNA spacer replication fork barrier binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with replication fork barriers found in rDNA spacers, sites that inhibit replication forks in the direction opposite to rDNA transcription.
43111 replication fork arrest P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication by impeding the progress of the DNA replication fork. Replication fork arrest is one of the 'quality control' processes ensuring that DNA-dependent DNA replication occurs correctly. DNA replication fork arrest during DNA-dependent DNA replication is not known to occur outside of cases where a replication error needs to be prevented or corrected.
43112 receptor metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
43113 receptor clustering P The receptor metabolic process that results in grouping of a set of receptors at a cellular location, often to amplify the sensitivity of a signaling response.
43114 regulation of vascular permeability P Any process that modulates the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid.
43115 precorrin-2 dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(+) + precorrin-2 = 2 H(+) + NADH + sirohydrochlorin.
43116 negative regulation of vascular permeability P Any process that reduces the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid.
43117 positive regulation of vascular permeability P Any process that increases the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid.
43120 tumor necrosis factor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with tumor necrosis factor, a proinflammatory cytokine produced by monocytes and macrophages.
43121 neurotrophin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a neurotrophin, any of a family of growth factors that prevent apoptosis in neurons and promote nerve growth.
43122 regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling P Any process that modulates I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling.
43123 positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling.
43124 negative regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of -kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling.
43125 ErbB-3 class receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the protein-tyrosine kinase receptor ErbB-3/HER3.
43126 regulation of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase activity P Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase.
43127 negative regulation of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase activity P Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase.
43128 positive regulation of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase activity P Any process that activates or increases the activity of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase.
43129 surfactant homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of a steady-state level of the surface-active lipoprotein mixture which coats the alveoli.
43130 ubiquitin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ubiquitin, a protein that when covalently bound to other cellular proteins marks them for proteolytic degradation.
43131 erythrocyte enucleation P The process in which nucleated precursor cells lose their nucleus during erythrocyte maturation.
43132 NAD transport P The directed movement of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore; transport may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.
43133 hindgut contraction P A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the hindgut. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The hindgut is the posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and the large intestine.
43134 regulation of hindgut contraction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction of the hindgut, the posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and the large intestine.
43135 5-phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate pyrophosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + H2O = ribose 1,5 bisphosphate + phosphate + H+.
43136 glycerol-3-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glycerol 3-phosphate + H2O = glycerol + phosphate.
43137 DNA replication, removal of RNA primer P Removal of the Okazaki RNA primer from the lagging strand of replicating DNA, by a combination of the actions of DNA polymerase, DNA helicase and an endonuclease.
43138 3'-5' DNA helicase activity F Catalysis of the unwinding of the DNA helix in the direction 3' to 5'.
43139 5'-3' DNA helicase activity F Catalysis of the unwinding of the DNA helix in the direction 5' to 3'.
43140 ATP-dependent 3'-5' DNA helicase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; drives the unwinding of the DNA helix in the direction 3' to 5'.
43141 ATP-dependent 5'-3' DNA helicase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; drives the unwinding of the DNA helix in the direction 5' to 3'.
43142 single-stranded DNA-dependent ATPase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; this reaction requires the presence of single-stranded DNA, and it drives another reaction.
43143 regulation of translation by machinery localization P Any process in which proteins and protein complexes involved in translation are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
43144 snoRNA processing P Any process involved in the conversion of a primary small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) transcript into a mature snoRNA.
43145 snoRNA 3'-end cleavage P The endonucleolytic cleavage of snoRNA 3' ends, which is required for mature snoRNAs to be functional.
43149 stress fiber assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a stress fiber. A stress fiber is a contractile actin filament bundle that consists of short actin filaments with alternating polarity.
43150 DNA synthesis involved in double-strand break repair via homologous recombination P The synthesis of DNA that contributes to the process of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination.
43151 DNA synthesis involved in double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing P The synthesis of DNA that contributes to the process of double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing.
43152 induction of bacterial agglutination P Any process in which infecting bacteria are clumped together by a host organism.
43153 entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod P The synchronization of a circadian rhythm to photoperiod, the intermittent cycle of light (day) and dark (night).
43154 negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in the apoptotic process.
43155 negative regulation of photosynthesis, light reaction P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis.
43156 chromatin remodeling in response to cation stress P Structural changes to eukaryotic chromatin occurring as a result of cation stress, an increase or decrease in the concentration of positively charged ions in the environment.
43157 response to cation stress P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of cation stress, an increase or decrease in the concentration of positively charged ions in the environment.
43158 heterocyst differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a heterocyst, a differentiated cell in certain cyanobacteria whose purpose is to fix nitrogen.
43159 acrosomal matrix C A structural framework, or 'dense core' at the interior of an acrosome. May regulate the distribution of hydrolases within the acrosome and their release during the acrosome reaction.
43160 acrosomal lumen C The volume enclosed within the acrosome membrane.
43161 proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome.
43162 ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the multivesicular body sorting pathway P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide covalently tagged with ubiquitin, via the multivesicular body (MVB) sorting pathway; ubiquitin-tagged proteins are sorted into MVBs, and delivered to a lysosome/vacuole for degradation.
43163 cell envelope organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the cell envelope, everything external to, but not including, the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria, encompassing the periplasmic space, cell wall, and outer membrane if present.
43164 Gram-negative-bacterium-type cell wall biogenesis P A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cell wall of the type found in Gram-negative bacteria. The cell wall is the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane.
43165 Gram-negative-bacterium-type cell outer membrane assembly P The assembly of an outer membrane of the type formed in Gram-negative bacteria. This membrane is enriched in polysaccharide and protein, and the outer leaflet of the membrane contains specific lipopolysaccharide structures.
43167 ion binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ions, charged atoms or groups of atoms.
43168 anion binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with anions, charged atoms or groups of atoms with a net negative charge.
43169 cation binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cations, charged atoms or groups of atoms with a net positive charge.
43170 macromolecule metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
43171 peptide catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of peptides, compounds of 2 or more (but usually less than 100) amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another.
43172 ferredoxin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ferredoxin, any simple, nonenzymatic iron-sulfur protein that is characterized by having equal numbers of atoms of iron and labile sulfur. Iron and sulfur atoms are present in one or two clusters of two or four atoms of each.
43173 nucleotide salvage P Any process which produces a nucleotide, a compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
43174 nucleoside salvage P Any process which produces a nucleotide, a nucleobase linked to either beta-D-ribofuranose (ribonucleoside) or 2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose (a deoxyribonucleotide), from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
43175 RNA polymerase core enzyme binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase core enzyme, containing a specific subunit composition defined as the core enzyme.
43176 amine binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group.
43177 organic acid binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an organic acid, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage.
43178 alcohol binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an alcohol, any of a class of alkyl compounds containing a hydroxyl group.
43179 rhythmic excitation P Any process involved in the generation of rhythmic, synchronous excitatory synaptic inputs in a neural circuit.
43180 rhythmic inhibition P Any process involved in the generation of rhythmic, synchronous inhibitory synaptic inputs in a neural circuit.
43181 vacuolar sequestering P The process of transporting a substance into, and confining within, a vacuole.
43182 vacuolar sequestering of sodium ion P The process of transporting sodium ions into, and confining within, a vacuole.
43183 vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1.
43184 vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2.
43185 vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3.
43186 P granule C A small cytoplasmic, non-membranous RNA/protein complex aggregates in the primordial germ cells of many higher eukaryotes.
43187 cell septum surface C The extracellular (rather than the intracellular) exterior of a dividing septum; this surface is usually composed of cell wall material, for example, lineal (1,3)-beta-D-glucan in S. pombe.
43188 cell septum edging C The cell wall material that surrounds the septum in fungal cells.
43189 H4/H2A histone acetyltransferase complex C A multisubunit complex that catalyzes the acetylation of histones H4 and H2A.
43190 ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex C A complex for the transport of metabolites into and out of the cell, typically comprised of four domains; two membrane-associated domains and two ATP-binding domains at the intracellular face of the membrane, that form a central pore through the plasma membrane. Each of the four core domains may be encoded as a separate polypeptide or the domains can be fused in any one of a number of ways into multidomain polypeptides. In Bacteria and Archaebacteria, ABC transporters also include substrate binding proteins to bind substrate external to the cytoplasm and deliver it to the transporter.
43194 axon initial segment C Portion of the axon proximal to the neuronal cell body, at the level of the axon hillock. The action potentials that propagate along the axon are generated at the level of this initial segment.
43195 terminal bouton C Terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal bouton is a specialized region of it.
43196 varicosity C Non-terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters.
43197 dendritic spine C A small, membranous protrusion from a dendrite that forms a postsynaptic compartment - typically receiving input from a single presynapse. They function as partially isolated biochemical and an electrical compartments. Spine morphology is variable including "thin", "stubby", "mushroom", and "branched", with a continuum of intermediate morphologies. They typically terminate in a bulb shape, linked to the dendritic shaft by a restriction. Spine remodeling is though to be involved in synaptic plasticity.
43198 dendritic shaft C Cylindric portion of the dendrite, directly stemming from the perikaryon, and carrying the dendritic spines.
43199 sulfate binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with sulfate, SO4(2-), a negatively charged small molecule.
43200 response to amino acid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amino acid stimulus. An amino acid is a carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups.
43201 response to leucine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leucine stimulus.
43202 lysosomal lumen C The volume enclosed within the lysosomal membrane.
43203 axon hillock C Portion of the neuronal cell soma from which the axon originates.
43204 perikaryon C The portion of the cell soma (neuronal cell body) that excludes the nucleus.
43207 response to external biotic stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external biotic stimulus, an external stimulus caused by, or produced by living things.
43208 glycosphingolipid binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with glycosphingolipid, a compound with residues of sphingoid and at least one monosaccharide.
43209 myelin sheath C An electrically insulating fatty layer that surrounds the axons of many neurons. It is an outgrowth of glial cells: Schwann cells supply the myelin for peripheral neurons while oligodendrocytes supply it to those of the central nervous system.
43210 alkanesulfonate binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with alkanesulfonates, the anion of alkanesulfonic acids, sulfonic acid derivatives containing an aliphatic hydrocarbon group.
43211 carbohydrate-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to directly drive the transport of carbohydrates across a membrane.
43212 carbohydrate-exporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + carbohydrate(in) -> ADP + phosphate + carbohydrate(out).
43213 bacteriocin transport P The directed movement of a bacteriocin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Bacteriocins are a group of antibiotics produced by bacteria and are encoded by a group of naturally occurring plasmids, e.g. Col E1. Bacteriocins are toxic to bacteria closely related to the bacteriocin producing strain.
43214 bacteriocin-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; drives the transport of bacteriocins across a membrane.
43215 daunorubicin transport P The directed movement of daunorubicin, an anthracycline antibiotic produced by Streptomyces coeruleorubidus or S. peucetius and used as an antineoplastic into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
43216 daunorubicin-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + daunorubicin(in) = ADP + phosphate + daunorubicin(out).
43217 myelin maintenance P The process of preserving the structure and function of mature myelin. This includes maintaining the compact structure of myelin necessary for its electrical insulating characteristics as well as the structure of non-compact regions such as Schmidt-Lantermann clefts and paranodal loops. This does not include processes responsible for maintaining the nodes of Ranvier, which are not part of the myelin sheath.
43218 compact myelin C The portion of the myelin sheath in which layers of cell membrane are tightly juxtaposed, completely excluding cytoplasm. The juxtaposed cytoplasmic surfaces form the major dense line, while the juxtaposed extracellular surfaces form the interperiod line visible in electron micrographs.
43219 lateral loop C Non-compact myelin located adjacent to the nodes of Ranvier in a myelin segment. These non-compact regions include cytoplasm from the cell responsible for synthesizing the myelin. Lateral loops are found in the paranodal region adjacent to the nodes of Ranvier, while Schmidt-Lantermann clefts are analogous structures found within the compact myelin internode.
43220 Schmidt-Lanterman incisure C Regions within compact myelin in which the cytoplasmic faces of the enveloping myelin sheath are not tightly juxtaposed, and include cytoplasm from the cell responsible for making the myelin. Schmidt-Lanterman incisures occur in the compact myelin internode, while lateral loops are analogous structures found in the paranodal region adjacent to the nodes of Ranvier.
43221 SMC family protein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein from the structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) family, a group of chromosomal ATPases with a role in mitotic chromosome organization.
43223 cytoplasmic SCF ubiquitin ligase complex C A ubiquitin ligase complex, located in the cytoplasm, in which a cullin from the Cul1 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 adaptor and an F-box protein. SCF complexes are involved in targeting proteins for degradation by the proteasome. The best characterized complexes are those from yeast and mammals (with core subunits named Cdc53/Cul1, Rbx1/Hrt1/Roc1).
43224 nuclear SCF ubiquitin ligase complex C A ubiquitin ligase complex, located in the nucleus, in which a cullin from the Cul1 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 adaptor and an F-box protein. SCF complexes are involved in targeting proteins for degradation by the proteasome. The best characterized complexes are those from yeast and mammals (with core subunits named Cdc53/Cul1, Rbx1/Hrt1/Roc1).
43225 ATPase-coupled anion transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + anion(out) = ADP + phosphate + anion(in).
43226 organelle C Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, and prokaryotic structures such as anammoxosomes and pirellulosomes. Excludes the plasma membrane.
43227 membrane-bounded organelle C Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane.
43228 non-membrane-bounded organelle C Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes.
43229 intracellular organelle C Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane.
43230 extracellular organelle C Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring outside the cell. Includes, for example, extracellular membrane vesicles (EMVs) and the cellulosomes of anaerobic bacteria and fungi.
43231 intracellular membrane-bounded organelle C Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane.
43232 intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle C Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes.
43233 organelle lumen C The internal volume enclosed by the membranes of a particular organelle; includes the volume enclosed by a single organelle membrane, e.g. endoplasmic reticulum lumen, or the volume enclosed by the innermost of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope, e.g. nuclear lumen.
43234 protein complex C A stable macromolecular complex composed (only) of two or more polypeptide subunits along with any covalently attached molecules (such as lipid anchors or oligosaccharide) or non-protein prosthetic groups (such as nucleotides or metal ions). Prosthetic group in this context refers to a tightly bound cofactor. The component polypeptide subunits may be identical.
43235 receptor complex C Any protein complex that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
43236 laminin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with laminins, glycoproteins that are major constituents of the basement membrane of cells.
43237 laminin-1 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with laminin-1, a glycoprotein trimer with the subunit composition alpha1, beta1, gamma1.
43240 Fanconi anaemia nuclear complex C A protein complex composed of the Fanconi anaemia (FA) proteins including A, C, E, G and F (FANCA-F). Functions in the activation of the downstream protein FANCD2 by monoubiquitylation, and is essential for protection against chromosome breakage.
43241 protein complex disassembly P The disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components. Protein complexes may have other associated non-protein prosthetic groups, such as nucleic acids, metal ions or carbohydrate groups.
43242 negative regulation of protein complex disassembly P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components.
43243 positive regulation of protein complex disassembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components.
43244 regulation of protein complex disassembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components.
43245 extraorganismal space C The environmental space outside of an organism; this may be a host organism in the case of parasitic and symbiotic organisms.
43246 megasome C Large, cysteine proteinase rich lysosomes, often found in the amastigote (an intracytoplasmic, nonflagellated form of the parasite) stage of Leishmania species belonging to the mexicana complex.
43247 telomere maintenance in response to DNA damage P Any process that occur in response to the presence of critically short or damaged telomeres.
43248 proteasome assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a mature, active proteasome complex.
43249 erythrocyte maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an erythrocyte to attain its fully functional state.
43250 sodium-dependent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of organic anions from one side of a membrane to the other, in a sodium dependent manner.
43251 sodium-dependent organic anion transport P The directed, sodium-dependent, movement of organic anions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
43252 sodium-independent organic anion transport P The directed, sodium-independent, movement of organic anions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
43253 chloroplast ribosome C A ribosome contained within a chloroplast.
43254 regulation of protein complex assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly.
43255 regulation of carbohydrate biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrates.
43256 laminin complex C A large, extracellular glycoprotein complex composed of three different polypeptide chains, alpha, beta and gamma. Provides an integral part of the structural scaffolding of basement membranes.
43257 laminin-8 complex C A laminin complex composed of alpha4, beta1 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.
43258 laminin-9 complex C A laminin complex composed of alpha4, beta2 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.
43259 laminin-10 complex C A laminin complex composed of alpha5, beta1 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.
43260 laminin-11 complex C A laminin complex composed of alpha5, beta2 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.
43261 laminin-12 complex C A laminin complex composed of alpha2, beta1 and gamma3 polypeptide chains.
43262 adenosine-diphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + H2O = AMP + phosphate.
43263 cellulosome C An extracellular multi-enzyme complex containing up to 11 different enzymes aligned on a non-catalytic scaffolding glycoprotein. Functions to hydrolyze cellulose.
43264 extracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle C Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring outside the cell.
43265 ectoplasm C Granule free cytoplasm, lying immediately below the plasma membrane.
43266 regulation of potassium ion transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
43267 negative regulation of potassium ion transport P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
43268 positive regulation of potassium ion transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
43269 regulation of ion transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
43270 positive regulation of ion transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
43271 negative regulation of ion transport P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
43272 ethylene biosynthesis involved in jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ethylene (C2-H4, ethene), occurring as part of the process of jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance.
43273 CTPase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + H2O = CDP + phosphate. May or may not be coupled to another reaction.
43274 phospholipase binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any phospholipase, enzymes that catalyze of the hydrolysis of a glycerophospholipid.
43276 anoikis P Apoptosis triggered by inadequate or inappropriate adherence to substrate e.g. after disruption of the interactions between normal epithelial cells and the extracellular matrix.
43277 apoptotic cell clearance P The recognition and removal of an apoptotic cell by a neighboring cell or by a phagocyte.
43278 response to morphine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a morphine stimulus. Morphine is an opioid alkaloid, isolated from opium, with a complex ring structure.
43279 response to alkaloid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkaloid stimulus. Alkaloids are a large group of nitrogenous substances found in naturally in plants, many of which have extracts that are pharmacologically active.
43280 positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process P Any process that activates or increases the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic process.
43281 regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process P Any process that modulates the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in apoptosis.
43282 pharyngeal muscle development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pharyngeal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pharyngeal muscle is any muscle that forms part of the pharynx.
43286 regulation of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates), polyesters of 3-hydroxyacids produced as intracellular granules by a large variety of bacteria.
43287 poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate)s, polyesters of 3-hydroxyacids produced as intracellular granules by a large variety of bacteria.
43288 apocarotenoid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving apocarotenoids, a class of compounds derived from the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids, many of which are biologically important e.g. retinal and abscisic acid.
43289 apocarotenoid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of apocarotenoids by the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids. Many apocarotenoids are biologically important e.g. retinal and abscisic acid.
43290 apocarotenoid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of apocarotenoids, a class of compounds derived from the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids, many of which are biologically important e.g. retinal and abscisic acid.
43291 RAVE complex C A multisubunit complex that in Saccharomyces is composed of three subunits, Rav1p, Rav2p and Skp1p. Acts transiently to catalyze assembly of cytoplasmic V1, with membrane embedded V0 to form the V-ATPase holoenzyme.
43292 contractile fiber C Fibers, composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins, found in cells of smooth or striated muscle.
43293 apoptosome C A multisubunit protein complex involved in the signaling phase of the apoptotic process. In mammals it is typically composed of seven Apaf-1 subunits bound to cytochrome c and caspase-9. A similar complex to promote apoptosis is formed from homologous gene products in other eukaryotic organisms.
43294 mitochondrial glutamate synthase complex (NADH) C A protein complex, found in the mitochondria, that in yeast consists of a large and a small subunit. Possesses glutamate synthase (NADH) activity.
43295 glutathione binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with glutathione; a tripeptide composed of the three amino acids cysteine, glutamic acid and glycine.
43296 apical junction complex C A functional unit located near the cell apex at the points of contact between epithelial cells, which in vertebrates is composed of the tight junction, the zonula adherens, and desmosomes and in some invertebrates, such as Drosophila, is composed of the subapical complex (SAC), the zonula adherens and the septate junction. Functions in the regulation of cell polarity, tissue integrity and intercellular adhesion and permeability.
43297 apical junction assembly P The formation of an apical junction, a functional unit located near the cell apex at the points of contact between epithelial cells composed of the tight junction, the zonula adherens junction and the desmosomes, by the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of its constituents.
43299 leukocyte degranulation P The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules by a leukocyte.
43300 regulation of leukocyte degranulation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte degranulation.
43301 negative regulation of leukocyte degranulation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of leukocyte degranulation.
43302 positive regulation of leukocyte degranulation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte degranulation.
43303 mast cell degranulation P The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as histamine, serotonin, and neutral proteases by a mast cell.
43304 regulation of mast cell degranulation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell degranulation.
43305 negative regulation of mast cell degranulation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of mast cell degranulation.
43306 positive regulation of mast cell degranulation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mast cell degranulation.
43307 eosinophil activation P The change in morphology and behavior of a eosinophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.
43308 eosinophil degranulation P The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as major basic protein, eosinophil peroxidase, and eosinophil cationic protein by an eosinophil.
43309 regulation of eosinophil degranulation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of eosinophil degranulation.
43310 negative regulation of eosinophil degranulation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of eosinophil degranulation.
43311 positive regulation of eosinophil degranulation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil degranulation.
43312 neutrophil degranulation P The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as proteases, lipases, and inflammatory mediators by a neutrophil.
43313 regulation of neutrophil degranulation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil degranulation.
43314 negative regulation of neutrophil degranulation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of neutrophil degranulation.
43315 positive regulation of neutrophil degranulation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil degranulation.
43316 cytotoxic T cell degranulation P The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as perforin and granzymes by a cytotoxic T cell.
43317 regulation of cytotoxic T cell degranulation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cytotoxic T cell degranulation.
43318 negative regulation of cytotoxic T cell degranulation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of cytotoxic T cell degranulation.
43319 positive regulation of cytotoxic T cell degranulation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell degranulation.
43320 natural killer cell degranulation P The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as perforin and granzymes by a natural killer cell.
43321 regulation of natural killer cell degranulation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell degranulation.
43322 negative regulation of natural killer cell degranulation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of natural killer cell degranulation.
43323 positive regulation of natural killer cell degranulation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell degranulation.
43324 pigment metabolic process involved in developmental pigmentation P The chemical reactions and pathways involving biological pigments e.g. melanin, occurring as part of the development of an organ or organism.
43325 phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 3' and 4' positions.
43326 chemotaxis to folate P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to the presence of folate.
43327 chemotaxis to cAMP P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to the presence of 3',5'-cAMP.
43328 protein targeting to vacuole involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the multivesicular body sorting pathway P The process of directing proteins towards the vacuole using signals contained within the protein, occurring that contributes to protein catabolism via the multivesicular body (MVB) pathway.
43329 protein targeting to membrane involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the multivesicular body sorting pathway P The process of directing proteins towards a membrane using signals contained within the protein, occurring that contributes to ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism via the MVB pathway; the destruction of a protein or peptide covalently tagged with a ubiquitin, via the multivesicular body (MVB) sorting pathway.
43330 response to exogenous dsRNA P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an exogenous double-stranded RNA stimulus.
43331 response to dsRNA P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a double-stranded RNA stimulus.
43332 mating projection tip C The apex of the mating projection in unicellular fungi exposed to mating pheromone; site of polarized growth.
43333 2-octaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-octaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-octaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
43334 2-hexaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hexaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-hexaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
43335 protein unfolding P The process of assisting in the disassembly of non-covalent linkages in a protein or protein aggregate, often where the proteins are in a non-functional or denatured state.
43336 site-specific telomere resolvase activity F Catalysis of a site-specific breakage and reunion reaction that generates two hairpin telomeres from a replicated telomere substrate. Occurs via a two-step transesterification with a protein-DNA intermediate similar to that used by topoisomerases and site-specific recombinases.
43337 CDP-diacylglycerol-phosphatidylglycerol phosphatidyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-diacylglycerol + phosphatidylglycerol = CMP + diphosphatidylglycerol.
43338 CTP:2,3-di-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycero-1-phosphate cytidyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + 2,3-di-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycero-1-phosphate = CDP-2,3-di-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycerol.
43353 enucleate erythrocyte differentiation P The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specialized features of an erythrocyte without a nucleus. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.
43354 enucleate erythrocyte maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an enucleate erythrocyte to attain its fully functional state. An enucleate erythrocyte is an erythrocyte without a nucleus.
43362 nucleate erythrocyte maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a nucleate erythrocyte to attain its fully functional state. A nucleate erythrocyte is an erythrocyte with a nucleus.
43363 nucleate erythrocyte differentiation P The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of an erythrocyte with a nucleus, as found in non-mammalian vertebrates such as birds.
43364 catalysis of free radical formation F Catalysis of a reaction that generates a free radical, a highly reactive molecule with an unsatisfied electron valence pair.
43365 [formate-C-acetyltransferase]-activating enzyme activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dihydroflavodoxin + [formate C-acetyltransferase]-glycine = 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + flavodoxin semiquinone + [formate C-acetyltransferase]-glycin-2-yl radical.
43366 beta selection P The process in which successful recombination of a T cell receptor beta chain into a translatable protein coding sequence leads to rescue from apoptosis and subsequent proliferation of an immature T cell.
43367 CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a mature CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell.
43368 positive T cell selection P The process of sparing immature T cells which react with self-MHC protein complexes with low affinity levels from apoptotic death.
43369 CD4-positive or CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell lineage commitment P The process in which an immature T cell commits to CD4-positive T cell lineage or the CD8-positive lineage of alpha-beta T cells.
43370 regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
43371 negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
43372 positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
43373 CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell lineage commitment P The process in which an immature T cell becomes committed to becoming a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell.
43374 CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a mature CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell.
43375 CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell lineage commitment P The process in which an immature T cell becomes committed to becoming a CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell.
43376 regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
43377 negative regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
43378 positive regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
43379 memory T cell differentiation P The process in which a newly activated T cell acquires specialized features of a memory T cell.
43380 regulation of memory T cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of memory T cell differentiation.
43381 negative regulation of memory T cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of memory T cell differentiation.
43382 positive regulation of memory T cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of memory T cell differentiation.
43383 negative T cell selection P The process of elimination of immature T cells which react strongly with self-antigens.
43384 pre-T cell receptor complex C A receptor complex found on immature T cells consisting of a T cell receptor beta chain and the pre-TCR-alpha chain, along with additional signaling components including CD3 family members and additional signaling proteins.
43385 mycotoxin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a mycotoxin, any poisonous substance produced by a fungus.
43386 mycotoxin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a mycotoxin, any poisonous substance produced by a fungus.
43387 mycotoxin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a mycotoxin, any poisonous substance produced by a fungus.
43388 positive regulation of DNA binding P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
43390 aflatoxin B1 metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving aflatoxin B1, a potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by various species from the Aspergillus group of fungi.
43391 aflatoxin B2 metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving aflatoxin B2, a mycotoxin produced by the fungal species Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus nomius.
43392 negative regulation of DNA binding P Any process that stops or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
43393 regulation of protein binding P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding.
43394 proteoglycan binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a proteoglycan, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.
43395 heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a heparan sulfate proteoglycan, any proteoglycan containing heparan sulfate as the glycosaminoglycan carbohydrate unit.
43396 corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion P The regulated release of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), a polypeptide hormone involved in the stress response. CRH is produced by the hypothalamus and stimulates corticotropic cells of the anterior lobe of the pituitary to produce corticotropic hormone (CTH) and other biologically active substances e.g. 2-endorphin, release of CRH is affected by serum levels of cortisol, by stress and by the sleep/wake cycle.
43397 regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion.
43398 HLH domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with Helix Loop Helix, a domain of 40-50 residues that occurs in specific DNA-binding proteins that act as transcription factors. The domain is formed of two amphipathic helices joined by a variable length linker region that can form a loop and it mediates protein dimerization.
43399 tRNA A64-2'-O-ribosylphosphate transferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphoribosyl group from 5'-phosphoribosyl-1'-pyrophosphate to position 64 of initiator tRNA.
43400 cortisol secretion P The regulated release of cortisol, a steroid hormone that in humans is the major circulating hormone of the cortex, or outer layer, of the adrenal gland.
43401 steroid hormone mediated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals mediated by a steroid hormone binding to a receptor.
43402 glucocorticoid mediated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of a glucocorticoid hormone.
43403 skeletal muscle tissue regeneration P The regrowth of skeletal muscle tissue to repair injured or damaged muscle fibers in the postnatal stage.
43404 corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity F Combining with corticotropin-releasing hormone and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.
43405 regulation of MAP kinase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.
43406 positive regulation of MAP kinase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.
43407 negative regulation of MAP kinase activity P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.
43408 regulation of MAPK cascade P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAP kinase (MAPK) cascade.
43409 negative regulation of MAPK cascade P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPKKK cascade.
43410 positive regulation of MAPK cascade P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade.
43412 macromolecule modification P The covalent alteration of one or more monomeric units in a polypeptide, polynucleotide, polysaccharide, or other biological macromolecule, resulting in a change in its properties.
43413 macromolecule glycosylation P The covalent attachment of a glycosyl residue to one or more monomeric units in a polypeptide, polynucleotide, polysaccharide, or other biological macromolecule.
43414 macromolecule methylation P The covalent attachment of a methyl residue to one or more monomeric units in a polypeptide, polynucleotide, polysaccharide, or other biological macromolecule.
43415 positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue regeneration P Any process that activates or increase the rate of skeletal muscle regeneration.
43416 regulation of skeletal muscle tissue regeneration P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle.
43417 negative regulation of skeletal muscle tissue regeneration P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle regeneration.
43418 homocysteine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of homocysteine, the amino acid alpha-amino-gamma-mercaptobutanoic acid.
43419 urea catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of urea, the water soluble compound O=C-(NH2)2.
43420 anthranilate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving anthranilate (2-aminobenzoate).
43421 anthranilate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of anthranilate (2-aminobenzoate).
43422 protein kinase B binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with protein kinase B, an intracellular kinase that is important in regulating glucose metabolism.
43423 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase.
43424 protein histidine kinase binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with protein histidine kinase.
43425 bHLH transcription factor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any of the basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) superfamily of transcription factors, important regulatory components in transcriptional networks of many developmental pathways.
43426 MRF binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with Myogenic Regulatory Factor (MRF), a member of the basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) superfamily of transcription factors.
43427 carbon fixation by 3-hydroxypropionate cycle P An autotrophic carbon dioxide fixation pathway by which two molecules of carbon dioxide are fixed to form glyoxylate. Acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) is assumed to be converted to malate, and two CO2 molecules are thereby fixed. Malyl-CoA is thought to be cleaved to acetyl-CoA, the starting molecule, and glyoxylate, the carbon fixation product.
43428 2-heptaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-heptaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-heptaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
43429 2-nonaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-nonaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-nonaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
43430 2-decaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-decaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-decaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
43431 2-octaprenyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-octaprenyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = ubiquinol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
43433 negative regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.
43434 response to peptide hormone P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptide hormone stimulus. A peptide hormone is any of a class of peptides that are secreted into the blood stream and have endocrine functions in living animals.
43435 response to corticotropin-releasing hormone P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulus. Corticotropin-releasing hormone is a peptide hormone involved in the stress response.
43436 oxoacid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving any oxoacid; an oxoacid is a compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons).
43438 acetoacetic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetoacetic acid, 3-oxobutanoic acid; the empirical formula is C4H6O3 or CH3COCH2COOH.
43441 acetoacetic acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetoacetic acid, a beta-keto acid of the keto acid group, empirical formula is C4H6O3 or CH3COCH2COOH.
43442 acetoacetic acid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetoacetic acid, a beta-keto acid of the keto acid group, empirical formula is C4H6O3 or CH3COCH2COOH.
43443 acetone metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetone, propan-2-one.
43444 acetone catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetone, propan-2-one.
43445 acetone biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetone, propan-2-one.
43446 cellular alkane metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving an alkane, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n+2, as carried out by individual cells.
43447 alkane biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an alkane, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n+2.
43448 alkane catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an alkane, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n+2.
43449 cellular alkene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving an alkene, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having one carbon-carbon double bond and the general formula CnH2n, as carried out by individual cells.
43450 alkene biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an alkene, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having one carbon-carbon double bond and the general formula CnH2n.
43451 alkene catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an alkene, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having one carbon-carbon double bond and the general formula CnH2n.
43452 cellular alkyne metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving an alkyne, any cyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having a carbon-carbon triple bond and the general formula CnH2n-2, as carried out by individual cells.
43453 alkyne biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an alkyne, any cyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having a carbon-carbon triple bond and the general formula CnH2n-2.
43454 alkyne catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an alkyne, any cyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having a carbon-carbon triple bond and the general formula CnH2n-2.
43455 regulation of secondary metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secondary metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon.
43456 regulation of pentose-phosphate shunt P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the pentose-phosphate shunt, the process in which glucose is oxidized, coupled to NADPH synthesis.
43457 regulation of cellular respiration P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular respiration, the enzymatic release of energy from organic compounds.
43458 ethanol biosynthetic process involved in glucose fermentation to ethanol P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ethanol, CH3-CH2-OH, as part of the process of glucose catabolism to ethanol, CO2 and ATP.
43461 proton-transporting ATP synthase complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a proton-transporting ATP synthase (also known as F-type ATPase), a two-sector ATPase found in the inner membrane of mitochondria and chloroplasts, and in bacterial plasma membranes.
43462 regulation of ATPase activity P Any process that modulates the rate of ATP hydrolysis by an ATPase.
43463 regulation of rhamnose catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of rhamnose, the hexose 6-deoxy-L-mannose.
43464 malolactic fermentation P The anaerobic enzymatic conversion of L-malate to L-lactate and carbon dioxide, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
43465 regulation of fermentation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fermentation, the anaerobic enzymatic conversion of organic compounds, especially carbohydrates, to other compounds, especially to ethyl alcohol, resulting in energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
43466 pyrimidine nucleobase fermentation P The anaerobic conversion of pyrimidine nucleobases, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
43467 regulation of generation of precursor metabolites and energy P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and the processes involved in the liberation of energy from these substances.
43468 regulation of fucose catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fucose.
43469 regulation of D-xylose catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xylose.
43470 regulation of carbohydrate catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates.
43471 regulation of cellular carbohydrate catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, carried out by individual cells.
43472 IgD binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an immunoglobulin of a D isotype.
43473 pigmentation P The accumulation of pigment in an organism, tissue or cell, either by increased deposition or by increased number of cells.
43474 pigment metabolic process involved in pigmentation P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, resulting in the deposition or aggregation of pigment in an organism, tissue or cell.
43475 pigment metabolic process involved in pigment accumulation P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, as part of the accumulation of pigment.
43476 pigment accumulation P The aggregation of coloring matter in a particular location in an organism, tissue or cell, occurring in response to some external stimulus.
43477 pigment biosynthetic process involved in pigment accumulation P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, resulting in pigment accumulation.
43478 pigment accumulation in response to UV light P The aggregation of coloring matter in a particular location in an organism, tissue or cell, occurring in response to a UV light stimulus.
43479 pigment accumulation in tissues in response to UV light P The aggregation of coloring matter in a particular location in a tissue, occurring in response to a UV light stimulus.
43480 pigment accumulation in tissues P The aggregation of coloring matter in a particular location in a tissue, occurring in response to an external stimulus.
43481 anthocyanin accumulation in tissues in response to UV light P The aggregation of the pigment anthocyanin in a particular location in a tissue, occurring in response to a UV light stimulus.
43482 cellular pigment accumulation P The aggregation of coloring matter in a particular location in a cell, occurring in response to some external stimulus.
43483 anthocyanin biosynthetic process involved in anthocyanin accumulation in response to UV light P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the pigment anthocyanin, contributing to anthocyanin accumulation in a tissue in response to a UV light stimulus.
43484 regulation of RNA splicing P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA splicing, the process of removing sections of the primary RNA transcript to remove sequences not present in the mature form of the RNA and joining the remaining sections to form the mature form of the RNA.
43485 endosome to pigment granule transport P The directed movement of substances from endosomes to pigment granules.
43486 histone exchange P The replacement, within chromatin, of resident histones or histone subunits with alternative, sometimes variant, histones or subunits.
43487 regulation of RNA stability P Any process that modulates the propensity of RNA molecules to degradation. Includes processes that both stabilize and destabilize RNAs.
43488 regulation of mRNA stability P Any process that modulates the propensity of mRNA molecules to degradation. Includes processes that both stabilize and destabilize mRNAs.
43489 RNA stabilization P Prevention of degradation of RNA molecules.
43490 malate-aspartate shuttle P The process of transferring reducing equivalents from the cytosol into the mitochondria; NADH is used to synthesise malate in the cytosol; this compound is then transported into the mitochondria where it is converted to oxaloacetate using NADH, the oxaloacetate reacts with gluamate to form aspartate, and the aspartate then returns to the cytosol to complete the cycle.
43491 protein kinase B signaling P A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B (also called AKT), which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
43492 ATPase activity, coupled to movement of substances F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to directly drive the transport of a substance.
43493 viral terminase complex C A complex of a large and small subunit which catalyze the packaging of DNA into viral heads. Note that not all viral terminases have this structure, some exist as single polypeptides.
43494 CLRC ubiquitin ligase complex C An cullin-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase/histone H3-K9 methyltransferase complex essential for heterochromatin assembly by RNAi.
43495 protein anchor F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with both a protein or protein complex and a membrane, in order to maintain the localization of the protein at a specific location on the membrane.
43496 regulation of protein homodimerization activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein homodimerization, interacting selectively with an identical protein to form a homodimer.
43497 regulation of protein heterodimerization activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein heterodimerization, interacting selectively with a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer.
43500 muscle adaptation P A process in which muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors. These adaptive events occur in both muscle fibers and associated structures (motoneurons and capillaries), and they involve alterations in regulatory mechanisms, contractile properties and metabolic capacities.
43501 skeletal muscle adaptation P Any process in which skeletal muscles change their phenotypic profiles in response to altered functional demands and a variety of signals.
43502 regulation of muscle adaptation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle adaptation.
43503 skeletal muscle fiber adaptation P Any process in which the skeletal muscle fibers change their phenotypic profiles in response to altered functional demands and a variety of signals. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast.
43504 mitochondrial DNA repair P The process of restoring mitochondrial DNA after damage.
43505 CENP-A containing nucleosome C A form of nucleosome located only at the centromere, in which the histone H3 is replaced by the variant form CENP-A (sometimes known as CenH3).
43506 regulation of JUN kinase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of JUN kinase activity.
43507 positive regulation of JUN kinase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of JUN kinase activity.
43508 negative regulation of JUN kinase activity P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of JUN kinase activity.
43509 activin A complex C A nonsteroidal regulator, composed of two covalently linked inhibin beta-A subunits (sometimes known as activin beta-A or activin/inhibin beta-A).
43510 activin B complex C A nonsteroidal regulator, composed of two covalently linked inhibin beta-B subunits (sometimes known as activin beta-B or activin/inhibin beta-B).
43511 inhibin complex C Heterodimeric hormone composed of an inhibin alpha subunit complexed with either an inhibin beta-A subunit, to form inhibin A, or an inhibin beta-B subunit, to form inhibin B.
43512 inhibin A complex C Heterodimeric hormone composed of an inhibin alpha subunit complexed with an inhibin beta-A subunit.
43513 inhibin B complex C Heterodimeric hormone composed of an inhibin alpha subunit complexed with an inhibin beta-B subunit.
43514 interleukin-12 complex C A protein complex that is composed of an interleukin-12 alpha (p35, product of the IL12A gene) and an interleukin-12 beta subunit (p40, product of the IL12B gene) and is secreted into the extracellular space.
43515 kinetochore binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a kinetochore, a proteinaceous structure on a condensed chromosome, beside the centromere, to which the spindle fibers are attached.
43516 regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.
43517 positive regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of the cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.
43518 negative regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.
43519 regulation of myosin II filament organization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a bipolar filament composed of myosin II molecules.
43520 regulation of myosin II filament assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a bipolar filament composed of myosin II molecules.
43521 regulation of myosin II filament disassembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the disassembly of a bipolar filament composed of myosin II molecules.
43522 leucine zipper domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a leucine zipper domain, a protein secondary structure exhibiting a periodic repetition of leucine residues at every seventh position over a distance covering eight helical turns.
43523 regulation of neuron apoptotic process P Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons.
43524 negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons.
43525 positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death of neurons by apoptotic process.
43527 tRNA methyltransferase complex C A multimeric protein complex involved in the methylation of specific nucleotides in tRNA.
43528 tRNA (m2G10) methyltransferase complex C A protein complex required for the methylation of the guanosine nucleotide at position 10 (m2G10) in tRNA. In S. cerevisiae, this complex consists of at least two subunits, Trm11p and Trm112p.
43529 GET complex C A multisubunit complex involved in ER/Golgi trafficking (Golgi to ER Traffic). In yeast, includes Get1p, Get2p and Get3p proteins.
43530 adenosine 5'-monophosphoramidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine 5'-monophosphoramidate = AMP + NH2. Other substrates include AMP-morpholidate, AMP-N-alanine methyl ester and AMP-alpha-acetyl lysine methyl ester.
43531 ADP binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ADP, adenosine 5'-diphosphate.
43532 angiostatin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with angiostatin, a proteolytic product of plasminogen or plasmin containing at least one intact kringle domain, and which is an inhibitor of angiogenesis.
43533 inositol 1,3,4,5 tetrakisphosphate binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with inositol 1,3,4,5 tetrakisphosphate.
43534 blood vessel endothelial cell migration P The orderly movement of an endothelial cell into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels during angiogenesis.
43535 regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels.
43536 positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels.
43537 negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels.
43538 regulation of actin phosphorylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the transfer of one or more phosphate groups to an actin molecule.
43539 protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity F Binds to and increases the activity of a protein serine/threonine kinase.
43540 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase complex C A homodimeric, bifunctional enzyme complex which catalyzes the synthesis and degradation of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, and is required for both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.
43541 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transferase complex C A multienzyme, heterooligomeric complex involved in dolichyl-linked oligosaccharide synthesis. In yeast the complex is composed of Alg7p, which catalyzes the first step (GlcNAc1-PP-Dol from dolichol-phosphate and UDP-GlcNAc), and Alg13p plus Alg14p, the catalytic and anchoring subunits respectively, which together catalyze the second step (GlcNAc2-PP-dolichol from GlcNAc1-PP-Dol and UDP-GlcNAc) of dolichyl-linked oligosaccharide synthesis.
43542 endothelial cell migration P The orderly movement of an endothelial cell into the extracellular matrix to form an endothelium.
43543 protein acylation P The addition of an acyl group, any group or radical of the form RCO- where R is an organic group, to a protein amino acid.
43544 lipoamide binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with lipoamide, the functional form of lipoic acid in which the carboxyl group is attached to protein by an amide linkage to a lysine amino group.
43545 molybdopterin cofactor metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving the molybdopterin cofactor (Moco), essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes, e.g. sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo-molybdopterin) or tungsten ion (W-molybdopterin) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.
43546 molybdopterin cofactor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the molybdopterin cofactor (Moco), essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes, e.g. sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo-molybdopterin) or tungsten ion (W-molybdopterin) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.
43547 positive regulation of GTPase activity P Any process that activates or increases the activity of a GTPase.
43548 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the addition of a phosphate group to an inositol lipid at the 3' position of the inositol ring.
43549 regulation of kinase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.
43550 regulation of lipid kinase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipid kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a simple or complex lipid.
43551 regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to an inositol lipid at the 3' position of the inositol ring.
43552 positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity.
43553 negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity.
43554 aerobic respiration, using arsenite as electron donor P The oxidation of arsenite to arsenate, using oxygen (O2) as the electron acceptor. Arsenite oxidase provides electrons to an electron carrier which transfers them to oxygen utilizing respiratory systems.
43555 regulation of translation in response to stress P Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
43556 regulation of translation in response to oxidative stress P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.
43557 regulation of translation in response to osmotic stress P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell.
43558 regulation of translational initiation in response to stress P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation, as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.
43559 insulin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with insulin, a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms.
43560 insulin receptor substrate binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any of the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins, adaptor proteins that bind to the transphosphorylated insulin and insulin-like growth factor receptors, are themselves phosphorylated and in turn recruit SH2 domain-containing signaling molecules to form a productive signaling complex.
43561 regulation of translational initiation in response to osmotic stress P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation, as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell.
43562 cellular response to nitrogen levels P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of inorganic nitrogen.
43563 odorant transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of odorants, any substance capable of stimulating the sense of smell, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
43564 Ku70:Ku80 complex C Heterodimeric protein complex composed of a 70 kDa and a 80 kDa subunit, binds DNA through a channel formed by the heterodimer. Functions in DNA double stranded break repair, chromosome maintenance, transcription regulation, V(D)J recombination, and activation of DNA-PK.
43565 sequence-specific DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA of a specific nucleotide composition, e.g. GC-rich DNA binding, or with a specific sequence motif or type of DNA e.g. promotor binding or rDNA binding.
43566 structure-specific DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA of a specific structure or configuration e.g. triplex DNA binding or bent DNA binding.
43567 regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling.
43568 positive regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling.
43569 negative regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling.
43570 maintenance of DNA repeat elements P Any process involved in sustaining the fidelity and copy number of DNA repeat elements.
43571 maintenance of CRISPR repeat elements P Any process involved in sustaining CRISPR repeat clusters, including capture of new spacer elements, expansion or contraction of clusters, propagation of the leader sequence and repeat clusters within a genome, transfer of repeat clusters and CRISPR-associated (cas) genes to new genomes, transcription of the CRISPR repeat arrays into RNA and processing, and interaction of CRISPR/cas loci with the host genome. CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat) elements are a family of sequence elements containing multiple direct repeats of 24-48 bp with weak dyad symmetry which are separated by regularly sized nonrepetitive spacer sequences.
43572 plastid fission P The creation of two or more plastids by division of one plastid. A plastid is any member of a family of organelles found in the cytoplasm of plants and some protists, which are membrane-bounded and contain DNA.
43573 leucoplast fission P The creation of two or more leucoplasts by division of one leucoplast. A leucoplast is a colorless plastid involved in the synthesis of monoterpenes.
43574 peroxisomal transport P Transport of substances into, out of or within a peroxisome, a small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules.
43575 detection of osmotic stimulus P The series of events in which a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell is received and converted into a molecular signal.
43576 regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process of gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment.
43577 chemotropism P The movement of an organism, or part of an organism, in response to an external chemical gradient, usually toward or away from it.
43578 nuclear matrix organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear matrix, the dense fibrillar network lying on the inner side of the nuclear membrane.
43579 elaioplast organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an elaioplast, a leucoplast in which oil is stored.
43580 periplasmic space organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the periplasmic space, the region between the inner (cytoplasmic) and outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria, or the inner membrane and cell wall in fungi.
43582 sporangium development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sporangium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A sporangium is a structure producing and containing spores.
43583 ear development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ear over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ear is the sense organ in vertebrates that is specialized for the detection of sound, and the maintenance of balance. Includes the outer ear and middle ear, which collect and transmit sound waves; and the inner ear, which contains the organs of balance and (except in fish) hearing. Also includes the pinna, the visible part of the outer ear, present in some mammals.
43584 nose development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nose over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The nose is the specialized structure of the face that serves as the organ of the sense of smell and as part of the respiratory system. Includes the nasi externus (external nose) and cavitas nasi (nasal cavity).
43585 nose morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the nose are generated and organized. The nose is the specialized structure of the face that serves as the organ of the sense of smell and as part of the respiratory system. Includes the nasi externus (external nose) and cavitas nasi (nasal cavity).
43586 tongue development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the tongue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The tongue is the movable, muscular organ on the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates, in many other mammals is the principal organ of taste, aids in the prehension of food, in swallowing, and in modifying the voice as in speech.
43587 tongue morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the tongue are generated and organized. The tongue is the movable, muscular organ on the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates, in man other mammals is the principal organ of taste, aids in the prehension of food, in swallowing, and in modifying the voice as in speech.
43588 skin development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skin over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skin is the external membranous integument of an animal. In vertebrates the skin generally consists of two layers, an outer nonsensitive and nonvascular epidermis (cuticle or skarfskin) composed of cells which are constantly growing and multiplying in the deeper, and being thrown off in the superficial layers, as well as an inner vascular dermis (cutis, corium or true skin) composed mostly of connective tissue.
43589 skin morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the skin are generated and organized. The skin is the external membranous integument of an animal. In vertebrates the skin generally consists of two layers, an outer nonsensitive and nonvascular epidermis (cuticle or skarfskin) composed of cells which are constantly growing and multiplying in the deeper, and being thrown off in the superficial layers, as well as an inner, sensitive and vascular dermis (cutis, corium or true skin) composed mostly of connective tissue.
43590 bacterial nucleoid C The region of a bacterial cell to which the DNA is confined.
43591 endospore external encapsulating structure C The structures that lie outside the inner membrane and surround the entire endospore; consists of a peptidoglycan-containing inner layer (the endospore cortex) surrounded by a multilayered proteinaceous coat. An exosporium may be present as an extreme outer layer.
43592 exosporium C The outermost layer of a bacterial endospore, which is loosely attached and located outside of the endospore coat. It is generally composed of protein, carbohydrate, and perhaps lipid.
43593 endospore coat C The layer in a bacterial endospore that lies under the exosporium, and is impermeable to many toxic molecules. The coat may also contain enzymes that are involved in endospore germination.
43594 outer endospore membrane C The outer membrane around a bacterial endospore, located between the endospore cortex and endospore coat.
43595 endospore cortex C A layer surrounding a bacterial endospore found inside the outer endospore membrane, but outside the membrane surrounding the endospore core. It consists of peptidoglycan of a different chemical nature than that found in vegetative cell walls which results in less cross-linking of peptidoglycan.
43596 nuclear replication fork C The Y-shaped region of a nuclear replicating DNA molecule, resulting from the separation of the DNA strands and in which the synthesis of new strands takes place. Also includes associated protein complexes.
43597 cytoplasmic replication fork C The Y-shaped region of a cytoplasmic replicating DNA molecule, resulting from the separation of the DNA strands and in which the synthesis of new strands takes place. Also includes associated protein complexes.
43598 cytoplasmic DNA replication factor C complex C A cytoplasmic complex of two polypeptides that loads the DNA polymerase processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) onto DNA, thereby permitting processive DNA synthesis catalyzed by DNA polymerase. Examples of this component are found in prokaryotic species.
43599 nuclear DNA replication factor C complex C A nuclear complex of five polypeptides that loads the DNA polymerase processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) onto DNA, thereby permitting processive DNA synthesis catalyzed by DNA polymerase delta or epsilon. In Saccharomyces and several other species, the subunits are known as Rfc1p-Rfc5p, although subunit names do not necessarily correspond between different species.
43600 cytoplasmic replisome C A multi-component enzymatic machine at the cytoplasmic replication fork, which mediates DNA replication. Includes DNA primase, DNA polymerase, DNA helicase, and other proteins.
43601 nuclear replisome C A multi-component enzymatic machine at the nuclear replication fork, which mediates DNA replication. Includes DNA primase, one or more DNA polymerases, DNA helicases, and other proteins.
43602 nitrate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nitrates, inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid.
43603 cellular amide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group, as carried out by individual cells.
43604 amide biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group.
43605 cellular amide catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group.
43606 formamide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving formamide, the simplest amide, HCONH2, derived from formic acid.
43607 formamide biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of formamide, the simplest amide, HCONH2, derived from formic acid.
43608 formamide catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of formamide, the simplest amide, HCONH2, derived from formic acid.
43609 regulation of carbon utilization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of carbon utilization.
43610 regulation of carbohydrate utilization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of carbohydrate utilization.
43611 isoprene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprene, C5H8.
43612 isoprene biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoprene, C5H8.
43613 isoprene catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isoprene, C5H8.
43614 multi-eIF complex C A multifactor complex composed of multiple translation initiation factors and the initiatior tRNAiMet, which is ready to bind to the small (40S) ribosome to form the 43S preinitiation complex. In S. cerevisiae, this complex is composed of eIF1, eIF2, eIF3, and eIF5.
43615 astrocyte cell migration P The orderly movement of an astrocyte, a class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system, the largest and most numerous neuroglial cells in the brain and spinal cord.
43616 keratinocyte proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of keratinocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Keratinocytes are epidermal cells which synthesize keratin and undergo a characteristic change as they move upward from the basal layers of the epidermis to the cornified (horny) layer of the skin.
43617 cellular response to sucrose starvation P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of sucrose.
43618 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to stress P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
43619 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to oxidative stress P Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.
43620 regulation of DNA-templated transcription in response to stress P Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from a DNA template as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
43621 protein self-association F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a domain within the same polypeptide.
43622 cortical microtubule organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins in the cell cortex, i.e. just beneath the plasma membrane of a cell.
43623 cellular protein complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex, occurring at the level of an individual cell.
43624 cellular protein complex disassembly P The disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components, occurring at the level of an individual cell. Protein complexes may have other associated non-protein prosthetic groups, such as nucleic acids, metal ions or carbohydrate groups.
43625 delta DNA polymerase complex C A multimeric DNA polymerase enzyme complex which differs in composition amongst species; in humans it is a heterotetramer of four subunits of approximately 125, 50, 68 and 12kDa, while in S. cerevisiae, it has three different subunits which form a heterotrimer, and the active enzyme is a dimer of this heterotrimer. Functions in DNA replication, mismatch repair and excision repair.
43626 PCNA complex C A protein complex composed of three identical PCNA monomers, each comprising two similar domains, which are joined in a head-to-tail arrangement to form a homotrimer. Forms a ring-like structure in solution, with a central hole sufficiently large to accommodate the double helix of DNA. Originally characterized as a DNA sliding clamp for replicative DNA polymerases and as an essential component of the replisome, and has also been shown to be involved in other processes including Okazaki fragment processing, DNA repair, translesion DNA synthesis, DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling and cell cycle regulation.
43627 response to estrogen P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by an estrogen, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics.
43628 ncRNA 3'-end processing P Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a non-coding RNA molecule.
43629 ncRNA polyadenylation P The enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues at the 3' end of a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule. In eukaryotes, substrates include nuclear non-coding RNAs such as precursors and a variety of incorrectly processed forms of snRNAs, snoRNAs, rRNAs, and tRNAs, as well as discarded RNA fragments which have been removed from ncRNA primary transcripts. Polyadenylation of precursors is often linked to termination of transcription, but polyadenylation of RNAs targeted for degradation may also occur post-transcriptionally. This polyadenylation is important both for 3'-end processing to produce mature ncRNA species and also for targeting incorrectly processed or discarded RNA molecules for degradation.
43630 ncRNA polyadenylation involved in polyadenylation-dependent ncRNA catabolic process P The enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end of a non-coding RNA, occurring as part of the process of polyadenylation-dependent non-coding RNA catabolism.
43631 RNA polyadenylation P The enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues at the 3' end of an RNA molecule.
43632 modification-dependent macromolecule catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, initiated by covalent modification of the target molecule.
43633 polyadenylation-dependent RNA catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an RNA molecule, initiated by initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3'-end of the target RNA.
43634 polyadenylation-dependent ncRNA catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a noncoding RNA (ncRNA) molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target ncRNA.
43635 methylnaphthalene catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylnaphthalene, an organic compound, C10H7CH3, obtained from coal tar.
43636 bisphenol A catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of bisphenol A, 4,4'-(propane-2,2-diyl)diphenol, a synthetic, aromatic organic compound used as a monomer in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastic and in the manufacture of epoxy resins.
43637 puromycin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving puromycin, 3'-deoxy-N,N-dimethyl-3'-(O-methyl-L-tyrosinamido)adenosine, an aminonucleoside antibiotic that is a potent inhibitor of translation; produced by the bacterium Streptomyces alboniger.
43638 puromycin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of puromycin, an aminonucleoside antibiotic that is a potent inhibitor of translation; produced by the bacterium Streptomyces alboniger.
43639 benzoate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid), a fungistatic compound widely used as a food preservative; it is conjugated to glycine in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.
43640 benzoate catabolic process via hydroxylation P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzoate, by its hydroxylation to cis-1,2-dihydroxybenzoate followed by dehydrogenation to catechol.
43641 novobiocin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving novobiocin, a coumarin antibiotic produced by the bacterium Gyrasestreptomyces spheroides, that acts by inhibiting DNA gyrase.
43642 novobiocin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of novobiocin, a coumarin antibiotic produced by the bacterium Gyrasestreptomyces spheroides, that acts by inhibiting DNA gyrase.
43643 tetracycline metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetracycline, (4S,4aS,5aS,6S,12aS)-4-(dimethylamino)-3,6,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide, a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by streptomyces bacteria that blocks binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the ribosomes of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms (and those of organelles).
43644 tetracycline biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetracycline, (4S,4aS,5aS,6S,12aS)-4-(dimethylamino)-3,6,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide, a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by streptomyces bacteria that blocks binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the ribosomes of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms (and those of organelles).
43645 cephalosporin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cephalosporin, any of large class of tetracyclic triterpene broad-spectrum antibiotics similar both chemically and in their mode of action to penicillin, first isolated from the culture filtrates of mediterranean fungus acremonium (cephalosporium acremonium), and effective against gram-positive bacteria.
43646 cephalosporin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cephalosporin, any of large class of tetracyclic triterpene broad-spectrum antibiotics similar both chemically and in their mode of action to penicillin, first isolated from the culture filtrates of mediterranean fungus acremonium (cephalosporium acremonium), and effective against gram-positive bacteria.
43647 inositol phosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with one or more phosphate groups attached.
43648 dicarboxylic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-).
43649 dicarboxylic acid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (-COOH) groups.
43650 dicarboxylic acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (-COOH) groups.
43651 linoleic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving linoleic acid, an unsaturated omega-6 fatty acid that has the molecular formula C18H32O2.
43652 engulfment of apoptotic cell P The removal of the apoptotic cell by phagocytosis, by a neighboring cell or by a phagocyte.
43653 mitochondrial fragmentation involved in apoptotic process P The change in the morphology of the mitochondria in an apoptotic cell from a highly branched network to a fragmented vesicular form.
43654 recognition of apoptotic cell P The process in which a cell interprets signals (in the form of specific proteins and lipids) on the surface of a dying cell which it will engulf and remove by phagocytosis.
43655 extracellular space of host C The space within a host but external to the plasma membrane of host cells, e.g. within host bloodstream.
43656 intracellular region of host C That space within the plasma membrane of a host cell.
43657 host cell C A cell within a host organism. Includes the host plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the host cell wall and cell envelope.
43658 host symbiosome C A double-enveloped cell compartment, composed of the endosymbiont with its plasmalemma (as inner envelope) and an outer envelope (the perisymbiontic membrane) derived from the host cell.
43659 symbiosome C A double-enveloped cell compartment, composed of an endosymbiont with its plasmalemma (as inner envelope) and a non-endosymbiotic outer envelope (the perisymbiontic membrane).
43660 bacteroid-containing symbiosome C A symbiosome containing any of various structurally modified bacteria, such as those occurring on the root nodules of leguminous plants.
43661 peribacteroid membrane C A membrane that surrounds one or more bacteroids (such as nitrogen-fixing bacteroids within legume root nodule cells).
43662 peribacteroid fluid C The soluble material inside the peribacteroid membrane, but outside of the bacteroid, within a bacteroid-containing symbiosome.
43663 host bacteroid-containing symbiosome C A symbiosome containing any of various structurally modified bacteria, such as those occurring on the root nodules of leguminous plants, of a host cell.
43664 host peribacteroid membrane C A host-derived membrane that surrounds one or more bacteroids (such as nitrogen-fixing bacteroids within legume root nodule cells).
43665 host peribacteroid fluid C The soluble material inside the peribacteroid membrane, but outside of the bacteroid, within a bacteroid-containing symbiosome of a host cell.
43666 regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphate from a phosphoprotein.
43667 pollen wall C The complex wall surrounding a pollen grain.
43668 exine C The outer layer of the pollen grain wall which is composed primarily of sporopollenin.
43669 ectexine C The outer part of the exine, which stains positively with basic fuchsin in optical microscopy and has higher electron density in conventionally prepared TEM sections.
43670 foot layer C The inner layer of the ectexine.
43671 endexine C The inner part of the exine, which stains.
43672 nexine C The inner, non-sculptured part of the exine which lies below the sexine.
43673 sexine C The outer, sculptured layer of the exine, which lies above the nexine.
43674 columella C A rod-like element of the sexine and ectexine, supporting either the tectum (the layer of sexine which forms a roof over the columella), or supporting a caput (an architectural element on top of a columella).
43675 sculpture element C The third layer of the sexine.
43676 tectum C The layer of sexine which forms a roof over the columella, granules or other infratectal elements.
43677 germination pore C A small pore in the outer wall of a mycelial spore through which the germ tube exits upon germination. It can be apical or eccentric in its location.
43678 intine C The innermost of the major layers of the pollen grain wall which underlies the exine and borders the cytoplasm.
43679 axon terminus C Terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal button is a specialized region of it.
43680 filiform apparatus C A complex of cell wall invaginations in a synergid cell, similar to those in transfer cells.
43682 copper-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Cu2+ = ADP + phosphate + Cu2+, directly driving the transport of the copper ions across a membrane.
43683 type IV pilus biogenesis P A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a type IV pilus. A type IV pilus is composed of a pilus fiber and approximately ten proteins at its base; type IV pili play a role in cell motility, adherence to substrates, and aggregation.
43684 type IV secretion system complex C A complex of proteins related to those involved in bacterial DNA conjugative transfer, that permits the transfer of DNA or proteins into the extracellular milieu or directly into host cells. In general the type IV complex forms a multisubunit cell-envelope-spanning structure composed of a secretion channel and often a pilus or other surface filament or protein(s).
43685 conversion of glutamyl-tRNA to glutaminyl-tRNA P The modification process that results in the conversion of glutamate charged on a tRNA(Gln) to glutaminyl-tRNA.
43686 co-translational protein modification P The process of covalently altering one or more amino acids in a protein after translation has begun but before the protein has been released from the ribosome.
43687 post-translational protein modification P The process of covalently altering one or more amino acids in a protein after the protein has been completely translated and released from the ribosome.
43688 conversion of aspartyl-tRNA to asparaginyl-tRNA P The modification process that results in the conversion of aspartate charged on a tRNA(Asn) to asparaginyl-tRNA.
43689 cell-cell adhesion involved in flocculation P The attachment of one single cell organism to another via adhesion molecules, occurring as a part of flocculation.
43690 cell-cell adhesion involved in flocculation via cell wall protein-carbohydrate interaction P The attachment of one single cell organism to another during flocculation via the interaction a protein in the cell wall of one cell with a carbohydrate in the cell wall of another In Saccharomyces this process is mannose-sensitive.
43691 reverse cholesterol transport P The directed movement of peripheral cell cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, towards the liver for catabolism.
43692 monoterpene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving monoterpenes, terpenes with a C10 structure.
43693 monoterpene biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monoterpenes, terpenes with a C10 structure.
43694 monoterpene catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monoterpenes, terpenes with a C10 structure.
43695 detection of pheromone P The series of events in which a pheromone stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
43696 dedifferentiation P The process in which a specialized structure (cell, tissue or organ) loses structural or functional features that characterize it in the mature organism, or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Under certain conditions, these structures can revert back to the features of their ancestors.
43697 cell dedifferentiation P The process in which a specialized cell loses the structural or functional features that characterize it in the mature organism, or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Under certain conditions, these cells can revert back to the features of the stem cells that were their ancestors.
43698 iridosome C A tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which purines crystalize in reflective stacks. Iridosomes are synthesized in iridophore cells and are silver, gold or iridescent in appearance.
43699 leucosome C A tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which uric acid and/or purines crystalize in reflective stacks. Leucosomes are synthesized in leucophore cells and have a whitish cast.
43700 pterinosome C A tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which pteridine pigments are synthesized and stored. Pterinosomes are synthesized in xanthophores and erythrophore cells and are yellow, orange or red in appearance.
43701 cyanosome C A tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which an unknown blue pigment is localized. Cyanosomes are synthesized in cyanophores and are blue in appearance.
43702 carotenoid vesicle C A tissue-specific cytoplasmic vesicle surrounded by a membrane half-leaflet within which carotenoid pigments are stored. Carotenoid vesicles are synthesized in xanthophores and erythrophore cells and are yellow, orange or red in appearance.
43703 photoreceptor cell fate determination P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a photoreceptor cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
43704 photoreceptor cell fate specification P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a photoreceptor cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
43705 cyanophycin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanophycin, a non-protein, non-ribosomally produced amino acid polymer composed of an aspartic acid backbone and arginine side groups.
43706 heterophilic cell adhesion involved in cytoadherence to microvasculature, mediated by parasite protein P The attachment of an erythrocyte to the microvasculature via a parasite cell adhesion molecule. This may be via attachment to host endothelial cell ECM or to endothelial cell adhesion molecules. An example of this occurs during infection with the malaria parasite.
43707 cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism P The attachment of a cell to either a host cell or a microbial cell of the same species, or to an underlying host substrate, such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules, occurring during the formation of a biofilm in or on a host species.
43708 cell adhesion involved in biofilm formation P The attachment of a cell to a solid substrate, via cell adhesion molecules, contributing to the formation of a biofilm.
43709 cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation P The attachment of a cell to a solid substrate, via cell adhesion molecules, during the formation of a biofilm composed of microorganisms of the same species.
43710 cell adhesion involved in multi-species biofilm formation P The attachment of a cell to a solid substrate, via cell adhesion molecules, contributing to the formation of a biofilm composed of microorganisms of different species.
43711 pilus organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a pilus, a short filamentous structure on a bacterial cell, flagella-like in structure and generally present in many copies.
43712 2-hydroxyisocaproate CoA-transferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-hydroxyisocaproate + isocaproyl-CoA = (R)-2-hydroxyisocaproyl-CoA + isocaproate.
43713 (R)-2-hydroxyisocaproate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoisocaproate + NADH + H+ = (R)-2-hydroxyisocaproate + NAD+.
43714 (R)-citramalate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (R)-citramalate + CoA.
43715 2,3-diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate enolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate = H+ + 2-hydroxy 3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate. 2,3-diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate is also known as DK-MTP-1-P, and 2-hydroxy 3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate as HK-MTPenyl-1-P.
43716 2-hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate + H2O = 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + phosphate. 2-hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate is also known as HK-MTPenyl-P, and 1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene as DHK-MTPene.
43717 2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA = H2O + glutaconyl-CoA.
43718 2-hydroxymethylglutarate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(hydroxymethyl)glutarate + NAD(+) = 2-formylglutarate + H(+) + NADH.
43719 2-octaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-octaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol + O2 + H+ = 2-octaprenyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol + H2O.
43720 3-keto-5-aminohexanoate cleavage activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-keto-5-aminohexanoate + acetyl-CoA = L-3-aminobutyryl-CoA + acetoacetate.
43721 4-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA = vinylacetyl-CoA + H2O.
43722 4-hydroxyphenylacetate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate + H(+) = 4-cresol + CO(2).
43723 2,5-diamino-6-ribitylamino-4(3H)-pyrimidinone 5'-phosphate deaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-diamino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribitylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one + H2O = 5-amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)uracil + ammonia.
43724 2-keto-3-deoxygalactonate aldolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-keto-3-deoxygalactonate = D-glyceraldehyde + pyruvate.
43725 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate aldolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate = D-glyceraldehyde + pyruvate.
43726 5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribitylamino)uracil phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribitylamino)-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione + H2O = 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione + orthophosphate.
43727 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxylate lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-aminoimidazole + CO2 = 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxylate.
43728 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate aminotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate + L-glutamine = 2-oxoglutaramate + L-methionine.
43729 2-amino-5-formylamino-6-(5-phosphoribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one formate-lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-5-formylamino-6-(5-phosphoribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one + H2O = 2,5-diamino-6-(5-phosphoribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one + formate.
43730 5-ureido-4-imidazole carboxylate hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-ureido-4-imidazole carboxylate + H2O = 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxylate + NH3 + CO2.
43731 6-hydroxynicotinate 3-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the oxidative decarboxylation of 6-hydroxynicotinate to 2,5-dihydroxypyridine, dependent on O2, NADH +H+ and FAD.
43732 6-hydroxynicotinate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxynicotinate + H(2)O + O(2) = 2,6-dihydroxynicotinate + H(2)O(2).
43733 DNA-3-methylbase glycosylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: DNA containing 3-methylbase + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 3-methylbase. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA 3-methylpurine or 3-methylpyrimidine base and the deoxyribose sugar to remove the methylated base, leaving an apurinic or apyrimidinic site.
43734 DNA-N1-methyladenine dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the oxidative demethylation of N1-methyladenine and N3-methylcytosine in DNA, with concomitant decarboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate and releases oxidized methyl group on N1-methyladenine and N3-methylcytosine as formaldehyde.
43737 deoxyribonuclease V activity F Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage at apurinic or apyrimidinic sites to products with a 5'-phosphate.
43738 reduced coenzyme F420 dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: methanophenazine + reduced coenzyme F420 = dihydromethanophenazine + coenzyme F420.
43739 G/U mismatch-specific uracil-DNA glycosylase activity F Catalysis of the removal of uracil from a U*G mispair by the cleavage the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction releases a free uracil and leaves an apyrimidinic (AP) site.
43740 GTP cyclohydrolase IIa activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + 3 H(2)O = 2-amino-5-formylamino-6-(1-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one 5'-phosphate + 3 H(+) + 2 phosphate.
43741 L-2-aminoadipate N-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-2-aminoadipate + acetyl-CoA = N2-acetyl-L-aminoadipate + CoA.
43743 LPPG:FO 2-phospho-L-lactate transferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin + lactyl-2-diphospho-5'-guanosine = coenzyme F420-0 + GMP.
43744 N2-acetyl-L-aminoadipate kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + N-acetyl-L-aminoadipate = ADP + N-acetyl-L-aminoadipate 5-phosphate.
43745 N2-acetyl-L-aminoadipate semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N2-acetyl-L-aminoadipyl-delta-phosphate + NADPH + H+ = N2-acetyl-L-aminoadipate semialdehyde + NADP+ + orthophosphate.
43746 N2-acetyl-L-lysine aminotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N2-acetyl-L-aminoadipate semialdehyde + L-glutamate = 2-oxoglutarate + N2-acetyl-L-lysine.
43747 N2-acetyl-L-lysine deacetylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N2-acetyl-L-lysine + H2O = acetate + L-lysine.
43748 O-succinylbenzoate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-succinylbenzoate + H2O = 2-succinyl-6-hydroxy-2,4-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxylate.
43749 phenol, water dikinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phenol + MgATP + H2O = phenylphosphate + MgAMP + orthophosphate.
43750 phosphatidylinositol alpha-mannosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of one or more alpha-D-mannose residues from GDP-mannose to positions 2,6 and others in 1-phosphatidyl-myo-inositol.
43751 polyphosphate:AMP phosphotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (polyphosphate)n + AMP = (polyphosphate)n-1 + ADP.
43752 adenosylcobinamide kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: RTP + adenosylcobinamide = adenosylcobinamide phosphate + RDP (where RTP is either ATP or GTP).
43754 dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylpropanoyl-CoA + enzyme N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine = CoA + enzyme N6-(S-[2-methylpropanoyl]dihydrolipoyl)lysine.
43755 alpha-ribazole phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-ribazole 5'-phosphate + H(2)O = alpha-ribazole + phosphate.
43756 adenosylcobinamide hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: adenosylcobinamide + H(2)O = (R)-1-aminopropan-2-ol + adenosylcobyrate.
43757 adenosylcobinamide-phosphate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + adenosylcobyric acid + (R)-1-aminopropan-2-yl phosphate = ADP + phosphate + adenosylcobinamide phosphate, and ATP + adenosylcobyric acid + (R)-1-aminopropan-2-ol = ADP + phosphate + adenosylcobinamide.
43758 acetate-CoA ligase (ADP-forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + acetate + CoA = ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA.
43759 branched-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (ADP-forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 2-methylbutanoate + CoA = ADP + orthophosphate + 2-methylbutanoyl-CoA.
43760 acetyldiaminopimelate aminotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-L-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate + 2-oxoglutarate = N-acetyl-2-L-amino-6-oxoheptanedioate + L-glutamate.
43761 archaetidylserine synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-digeranylgeranylglycerol + L-serine = archaetidylserine + CMP.
43762 aryl-CoA synthetase (ADP-forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + phenylacetate + CoA = ADP + orthophosphate + phenylacetyl-CoA.
43763 UTP:glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase regulator activity F Modulates the activity of UTP:glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase.
43764 UDP-3-O-[3-hydroxymyristoyl] glucosamine N-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)glucosamine + (R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = UDP-2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)glucosamine + [acyl-carrier protein].
43765 T/G mismatch-specific endonuclease activity F Catalysis of the repair of T/G mismatches arising from deamination of 5-methylcytosine in DNA by nicking double-stranded DNA within the sequence CT(AT)GN or NT(AT)GG next to the mismatched thymidine residue. The incision is mismatch-dependent and strand-specific, in favor of the G-containing strand. The incision serves as a starting point for subsequent excision repair by DNA polymerase I, which excises thymidine and reinserts cytidine.
43766 Sep-tRNA:Cys-tRNA synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: O-phospho-L-seryl-tRNACys + sulfide = L-cysteinyl-tRNACys + phosphate.
43767 pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-pyrrolysine + tRNA(Pyl) = AMP + diphosphate + L-pyrrolysyl-tRNA(Pyl).
43768 S-ribosylhomocysteine lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-(5-deoxy-D-ribos-5-yl)-L-homocysteine = (S)-4,5-dihydroxypentane-2,3-dione + L-homocysteine.
43769 Tpg-containing telomere binding complex C A complex composed of four polypeptides, a telomere-protecting terminal protein (Tpg), a telomere-associated protein (Tap), DNA polymerase (PolA) and topoisomerase I (TopA), that functions in the replication of the telomeric regions of linear chromosomes, plasmids and circular replicons of some bacterial species.
43770 demethylmenaquinone methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-demethylmenaquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = menaquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
43771 cytidine kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + cytidine = ADP + CMP.
43772 acyl-phosphate glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acyl phosphate + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + orthophosphate.
43773 coenzyme F420-0 gamma-glutamyl ligase activity F Catalysis of the reactions: (1) GTP + F420-0 + L-glutamate = GDP + phosphate + F420-1, and (2) GTP + F420-1 + L-glutamate = GDP + phosphate + gamma-F420-2. This is the GTP-dependent successive addition of two L-glutamates to the L-lactyl phosphodiester of 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin (F420-0) to form F420-0-glutamyl-glutamate (F420-2), with a gamma-linkage between the two glutamates.
43774 coenzyme F420-2 alpha-glutamyl ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme F420-2 + L-glutamate + GTP = coenzyme F420-3 + GDP + orthophosphate.
43775 cobyrinate a,c-diamide synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cobyrinate + 2 L-glutamine + 2 ATP + 2 H2O = cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide + 2 L-glutamate + 2 ADP + 2 orthophosphate.
43776 cobalt-precorrin-6B C5-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosylmethionine + cobalt-precorrin 6B = S-adenosylhomocysteine + cobalt-precorrin 7.
43777 cobalt-precorrin-7 C15-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cobalt-precorrin 7 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = cobalt-precorrin 8 + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + CO2.
43778 cobalt-precorrin-8 methylmutase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cobalt-precorrin 8 = cobyrinate.
43779 cobalt-precorrin-5A acetaldehyde-lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cobalt-precorrin 5A + H2O = cobalt-precorrin 5B + acetaldehyde.
43780 cobalt-precorrin-5B C1-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cobalt-precorrin 5B + S-adenosylmethionine = S-adenosylhomocysteine + cobalt-precorrin 6A.
43781 cobalt-factor II C20-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cobalt-factor II = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + cobalt-factor III.
43782 cobalt-precorrin-3 C17-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cobalt-precorrin 3 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = cobalt-precorrin 4 + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
43783 oxidoreductase activity, oxidizing metal ions with flavin as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction in which the oxidation state of metal ion is altered and flavin acts as an electron acceptor.
43784 cob(II)yrinic acid a,c-diamide reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 cob(I)yrinate a,c diamide + FMN + 3 H(+) = 2 cob(II)yrinate a,c diamide + FMNH(2).
43785 cinnamoyl-CoA:phenyllactate CoA-transferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-3-phenyllactate + [(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-(phosphonatooxy)oxolan-2-yl]methyl {[(3R)-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-({2-[(2-{[(2E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoyl]sulfanyl}ethyl)carbamoyl]ethyl}carbamoyl)propyl phosphonato]oxy}phosphonate = (R)-3-phenyllactoyl-CoA + trans-cinnamate.
43786 cinnamate reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phenylpropanoate + NAD+ = (E)-cinnamate + NADH + H+.
43791 dimethylamine methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylamine + a dimethylamine corrinoid protein = a methylated dimethylamine corrinoid protein + methylamine.
43792 enamidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-6-oxonicotinate + 2 H(2)O = 2-formylglutarate + NH(4)(+).
43793 beta-ribofuranosylaminobenzene 5'-phosphate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobenzoate + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate = 4-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)aminobenzene 5'-phosphate + CO2 + diphosphate.
43794 formate dehydrogenase (coenzyme F420) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: formate + coenzyme F420 = CO2 + reduced coenzyme F420.
43795 glyceraldehyde oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde + H2O + acceptor = D-glycerate + reduced acceptor.
43796 glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde + H2O + NADP+ = D-glycerate + NADPH + H+.
43797 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (ferredoxin) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + H2O + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = 3-phospho-D-glycerate + 2 H+ + 2 reduced ferredoxin.
43798 glycerate 2-kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-glycerate + ATP = 2-phospho-D-glycerate + ADP.
43799 glycine oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reactions: (1) glycine + H2O + O2 = glyoxylate + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide; (2) D-alanine + H2O + O2 = pyruvate + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide; (3) sarcosine + H2O + O2 = glyoxylate + methylamine + hydrogen peroxide; (4) N-ethylglycine + H2O + O2 = glyoxylate + ethylamine + hydrogen peroxide.
43800 hexulose-6-phosphate isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabino-3-hexulose 6-phosphate = D-fructose 6-phosphate.
43801 hexulose-6-phosphate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribulose 5-phosphate + formaldehyde = D-arabino-3-hexulose 6-phosphate.
43802 hydrogenobyrinic acid a,c-diamide synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-glutamine + 2 ATP + 2 H(2)O + hydrogenobyrinate = 2 L-glutamate + 2 ADP + 4 H(+) + hydrogenobyrinate a,c-diamide + 2 phosphate.
43803 hydroxyneurosporene-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: demethylspheroidene + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = spheroidene + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
43804 imidazolone hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-formiminoglycine = imidazolone + H2O.
43805 indolepyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (indol-3-yl)pyruvate + CoA + oxidized ferredoxin = S-2-(indol-3-yl)acetyl-CoA + CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.
43806 keto acid formate lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxobutanoate + CoA = propionyl-CoA + formate.
43807 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (ferredoxin) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + CoA + oxidized ferredoxin = S-(2-methylpropanoyl)-CoA + CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.
43808 lyso-ornithine lipid acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: lyso-ornithine lipid + acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = ornithine lipid + [acyl-carrier protein].
43810 ornithine-acyl [acyl carrier protein] N-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + L-ornithine = lyso-ornithine lipid + [acyl-carrier protein].
43811 phosphate:acyl-[acyl carrier protein] acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + orthophosphate = acyl phosphate + [acyl-carrier protein].
43812 phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate + H2O = phosphatidylinositol + orthophosphate.
43813 phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate + H2O = phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate + orthophosphate.
43814 phospholactate guanylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phospho-(S)-lactate + GTP = lactyl-2-diphospho-5'-guanosine + diphosphate.
43815 phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase 2 activity F Catalysis of the reaction: formate + ATP + 5'-phospho-ribosylglycinamide = 5'-phosphoribosyl-N-formylglycinamide + ADP + diphosphate.
43816 phosphoserine-tRNA(Cys) ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA(Cys) + O-phospho-L-serine + ATP = AMP + diphosphate + phosphoseryl-tRNA(Cys).
43817 phosphosulfolactate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (2R)-O-phospho-3-sulfolactate = phosphoenolpyruvate + sulfite.
43818 precorrin-3B synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(+) + NADH + O(2) + precorrin-3A = H(2)O + NAD(+) + precorrin-3B.
43819 precorrin-6A synthase (deacetylating) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + H(2)O + precorrin-5 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + acetate + 2 H(+) + precorrin-6X.
43820 propionyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the irreversible NADH-dependent formation of propionyl-CoA from acryloyl-CoA.
43821 propionyl-CoA:succinate CoA-transferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: succinate + propionyl-CoA = succinyl-CoA + propionate.
43822 ribonuclease M5 activity F Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA, removing 21 and 42 nucleotides, respectively, from the 5'- and 3'-termini of a 5S-rRNA precursor.
43823 spheroidene monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: spheroidene + O2 = spheroidenone + H2O.
43824 succinylglutamate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + H(2)O + NAD(+) = N-succinyl-L-glutamate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
43825 succinylornithine transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + N(2)-succinyl-L-ornithine = N-succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + L-glutamate.
43826 sulfur oxygenase reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5 sulfur + oxygen + 4 H2O = sulfite + thiosulfate + 2 hydrogen sulfide + 9 H+.
43827 tRNA (adenine-57, 58-N(1)-) methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the methylation of adenine-57 and adenine-58 in the T-loop of tRNA.
43828 tRNA 2-selenouridine synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine + selenophosphate = 5-methylaminomethyl-2-selenouridine + phosphate (at the wobble position in tRNA).
43829 tRNA-specific adenosine-37 deaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine-37 + H2O = inosine-37 + NH3, in a tRNA-Ala molecule.
43830 thiol-driven fumarate reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: fumarate + coenzyme M + coenzyme B = succinate + coenzyme M + coenzyme B + heterodisulfide.
43831 thiosulfate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 6-decylubiquinone + 2 thiosulfate = 6-decylubiquinol + tetrathionate.
43833 methylamine-specific methylcobalamin:coenzyme M methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a methylated methylamine corrinoid protein + coenzyme M = a methylamine corrinoid protein + methyl-CoM. This reaction is the transfer of the methyl group from the methylated corrinoid cofactor of a methylamine corrinoid protein to coenzyme M.
43834 trimethylamine methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: trimethylamine + a trimethylamine corrinoid protein = a methylated trimethylamine corrinoid protein + dimethylamine.
43836 xanthine hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: xanthine + H2O = 4-ureido-5-imidazole carboxylate.
43837 valine dehydrogenase (NAD) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-valine + H2O + NAD+ = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + NH3 + NADH.
43838 phosphatidylethanolamine:Kdo2-lipid A phosphoethanolamine transferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: Kdo2-lipid A + phosphatidylethanolamine = phosphoethanolamine-Kdo2-lipid A + diacylglycerol.
43839 lipid A phosphate methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the 1-phosphate group of lipid A.
43840 branched-chain amino acid:2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate aminotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate + L-phenylalanine = phenylpyruvate + L-methionine.
43841 (S)-lactate 2-kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-lactate + GTP = 2-phospho-(S)-lactate + GDP.
43842 Kdo transferase activity F Catalysis of the reactions: (KDO)-lipid IVA + CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate = KDO2-lipid IVA + CMP, and lipid IVA + CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate = (KDO)-lipid IVA + CMP.
43843 ADP-specific glucokinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + D-glucose = AMP + D-glucose 6-phosphate.
43844 ADP-specific phosphofructokinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + D-fructose 6-phosphate = AMP + D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.
43845 DNA polymerase III, proofreading complex C A subcomplex of DNA polymerase III composed of the epsilon subunit which has proofreading activity, and the theta subunit which enhances the epsilon subunit's proofreading activity.
43846 DNA polymerase III, clamp loader complex C A heptamer that includes the tau and gamma products of the dnaX gene and the chi/psi subcomplex. Confers structural asymmetry that allows the polymerase to replicate both leading and lagging strands.
43847 DNA polymerase III, clamp loader chi/psi subcomplex C A dimer composed of the chi and psi subunits which is a subassembly of the DNA polymerase III clamp loader complex and serves as a bridge between the DnaX complex and the single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB).
43848 excinuclease cho activity F Catalysis of the incision of damaged DNA on the 3' side of a lesion, typically at the ninth phosphodiester bond 3' of the damage.
43849 Ras palmitoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + protein-cysteine = S-palmitoyl protein + CoA, specific for Ras proteins.
43850 RecFOR complex C A heterotrimeric complex composed of the subunits RecF, RecO and RecR. Mediates the loading of RecA protein specifically onto SSB-coated gapped DNA during DNA repair.
43851 methanol-specific methylcobalamin:coenzyme M methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a methylated methanol corrinoid protein + coenzyme M = a methanol corrinoid protein + methyl-CoM. This reaction is the transfer of the methyl group from the methylated corrinoid cofactor of a methylamine corrinoid protein to coenzyme M.
43852 monomethylamine methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: monomethylamine + a monomethylamine corrinoid protein = a methylated monomethylamine corrinoid protein + NH3.
43853 methanol-CoM methyltransferase complex C A heterotrimeric protein complex composed of a methanol methyltransferase subunit, a corrinoid protein and a methanol-specific corrinoid:coenzyme M methyltransferase subunit. Catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from methanol to coenzyme M as part of the pathway of methanogenesis from methanol.
43854 cyclic nucleotide-gated mechanosensitive ion channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens in response to a mechanical stress and when a cyclic nucleotide has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
43855 cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a cyclic nucleotide has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
43856 anti-sigma factor antagonist activity F The function of binding to an anti-sigma factor and stopping, preventing or reducing the rate of its activity.
43857 N-acetylornithine carbamoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine + carbamoyl phosphate = N(2)-acetyl-L-citrulline + H(+) + phosphate.
43858 arginine:ornithine antiporter activity F Catalysis of the reaction: arginine(out) + ornithine(in) = arginine(in) + ornithine(out).
43860 cyanophycin synthetase activity F Catalysis of the ATP-dependent polymerization of arginine and aspartate to multi-L-arginyl-poly-L-aspartic acid (cyanophycin; a water-insoluble reserve polymer).
43861 agmatine:putrescine antiporter activity F Catalysis of the reaction: agmatine(out) + putrescine(in) = agmatine(in) + putrescine(out).
43862 arginine:agmatine antiporter activity F Catalysis of the reaction: arginine(out) + agmatine(in) = arginine(in) + agmatine(out).
43863 4-hydroxy-2-ketopimelate aldolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-2-ketopimelate = succinate semialdehyde + pyruvate.
43864 indoleacetamide hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetamide + H2O = indole-3-acetate + NH3. Indole-3-acetamide is known as IAM and indole-3-acetate as IAA.
43865 methionine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of methionine from one side of a membrane to the other.
43866 adenylyl-sulfate reductase (thioredoxin) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: AMP + sulfite + thioredoxin disulfide = 5'-adenylyl sulfate + thioredoxin.
43867 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine tRNA-ribosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA guanine + 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine = tRNA 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine + guanine.
43869 alpha-aminoadipate acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-aminoadipate + acetyl-CoA = N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipate + coenzyme A.
43870 N-acetyl-gamma-aminoadipyl-phosphate reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-acetyl-L-aminoadipate-semialdehyde + NADP+ + phosphate = N(2)-acetyl-L-gamma-aminoadipyl phosphate + NADPH.
43871 delta1-piperideine-6-carboxylate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: delta1-piperideine-6-carboxylate + NAD+ + 2 H2O = 2-aminoadipate + NADH + H+. Delta1-piperideine-6-carboxylate is also known as 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylate.
43872 lysine:cadaverine antiporter activity F Catalysis of the reaction: lysine(out) + cadaverine(in) = lysine(in) + cadaverine(out).
43873 pyruvate-flavodoxin oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + CoA + oxidized flavodoxin = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + reduced flavodoxin.
43874 acireductone synthase activity F Catalysis of the reactions: 5-(methylthio)-2,3-dioxopentyl phosphate + H2O = 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + phosphate; (1a) 5-(methylthio)-2,3-dioxopentyl phosphate = 2-hydroxy-5-(methylthio)-3-oxopent-1-enyl phosphate; (1b) 2-hydroxy-5-(methylthio)-3-oxopent-1-enyl phosphate + H2O = 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + phosphate.
43875 2-ketobutyrate formate-lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxobutanoate + coenzyme A = propionyl-CoA + formate.
43876 D-threonine aldolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-threonine (or D-allo-threonine) = glycine + acetaldehyde.
43877 galactosamine-6-phosphate isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = D-tagatose 6-phosphate + NH3.
43878 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) (non-phosphorylating) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NAD+ + H2O = 3-phospho-D-glycerate + NADH + H+.
43879 glycolate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of glycolate from one side of a membrane to the other. Glycolate is the smallest alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA).
43880 crotonyl-CoA reductase activity F Catalysis of the reduction of crotonyl-CoA to butyryl-CoA.
43881 mesaconyl-CoA hydratase activity F Catalysis of the hydration of mesaconyl-CoA to beta-methylmalyl-CoA.
43882 malate:sodium symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: malate(out) + Na+(out) = malate(in) + Na+(in).
43883 malolactic enzyme activity F Catalysis of the reaction: malate + H+ = L-lactate + CO2.
43884 CO-methylating acetyl-CoA synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + corrinoid protein = CO + methylcorrinoid protein + CoA.
43885 carbon-monoxide dehydrogenase (ferredoxin) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: CO + H2O + oxidized ferredoxin = CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.
43886 structural constituent of carboxysome F The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a carboxysome, an organelle found in the Cyanobacteria consisting of a proteinaceous coat and enzymes for the fixation of carbon dioxide.
43887 melibiose:sodium symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: melibiose(out) + Na+(out) = melibiose(in) + Na+(in).
43888 (S)-2,3-di-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate synthase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a geranylgeranyl group from geranylgeranyl diphosphate to (S)-3-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate to form (S)-2,3-di-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate.
43889 (S)-3-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate synthase activity F Catalysis of the alkylation of the primary hydroxyl group in (S)-glyceryl phosphate by geranylgeranyl diphosphate to form (S)-3-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate.
43890 N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 6-sulfate groups of the N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-sulfate units of chondroitin sulfate and of the D-galactose 6-sulfate units of keratan sulfate.
43891 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+) (phosphorylating) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + phosphate + NAD(P)+ = 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + NAD(P)H + H+.
43892 methylglyoxal reductase (NADPH-dependent) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: lactaldehyde + NADP+ = methylglyoxal + NADPH + H+.
43893 acetate:cation symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of acetate from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: acetate(out) + cation(out) = acetate(in) + cation(in).
43894 acetyl-CoA synthetase acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the acetylation of residue Lys609 of the enzyme acetyl-CoA synthetase, using acetyl-CoA as substrate.
43895 cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase activity F Catalysis of the cyclization of part of a 1,4-alpha-D-glucan chain by formation of a 1,4-alpha-D-glucosidic bond.
43896 glucan 1,6-alpha-glucosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in (1->6)-alpha-D-glucans and derived oligosaccharides.
43897 glucan 1,4-alpha-maltohydrolase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in polysaccharides so as to remove successive alpha-maltose residues from the non-reducing ends of the chains.
43898 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl + O2 = 2-hydroxy-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoic acid.
43899 phosphoserine:homoserine phosphotransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphoryl group from phosphoserine to homoserine to form phosphohomoserine.
43900 regulation of multi-organism process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process, a process in which an organism has an effect on another organism of the same or different species.
43901 negative regulation of multi-organism process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process, a process in which an organism has an effect on another organism of the same or different species.
43902 positive regulation of multi-organism process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process, a process in which an organism has an effect on another organism of the same or different species.
43903 regulation of symbiosis, encompassing mutualism through parasitism P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiosis, an interaction between two organisms living together in more or less intimate association.
43904 isochorismate pyruvate lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: isochorismate = salicylate + pyruvate.
43905 Ser-tRNA(Thr) hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of misacylated Ser-tRNA(Thr).
43906 Ala-tRNA(Pro) hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of misacylated Ala-tRNA(Pro).
43907 Cys-tRNA(Pro) hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of misacylated Cys-tRNA(Pro).
43908 Ser(Gly)-tRNA(Ala) hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of misacylated Ser-tRNA(Ala) and Gly-tRNA(Ala).
43909 N-acetylcitrulline deacetylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-L-citrulline + H2O = citrulline + acetate.
43910 ATP:coenzyme F420 adenylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + factor gamma-F420-2 + H+ = coenzyme F390-A + diphosphate.
43911 D-lysine transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-lysine + 2-oxoglutarate = L-glutamate + 6-amino-2-oxohexanoate.
43912 D-lysine oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-lysine + O2 + H2O = 6-amino-2-oxohexanoate + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide.
43913 chromosome segregation-directing complex C A trimeric protein complex which in E. coli is composed of the subunits MreB, MreC and MreD. The complex directs longitudinal cell wall synthesis, maintaining cell morphology.
43914 NADPH:sulfur oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + sulfur = hydrogen sulfide + NADP+.
43915 L-seryl-tRNA(Sec) kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-seryl-tRNA(Sec) = ADP + O-phospho-L-seryl-tRNA(Sec).
43916 DNA-7-methylguanine glycosylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: DNA containing 7-methylguanine + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 7-methylguanine. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA 7-methylguanine and the deoxyribose sugar to remove the 7-methylguanine, leaving an abasic site.
43917 ribose 1,5-bisphosphate isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 1,5-bisphosphate = D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate.
43918 cadaverine aminopropyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosylmethioninamine + cadaverine = 5'-methylthioadenosine + N-(3-aminopropyl)cadaverine.
43919 agmatine aminopropyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: agmatine + S-adenosylmethioninamine = N1-aminopropylagmatine + 5'-methylthioadenosine.
43920 aminopropylagmatine ureohydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N1-aminopropylagmatine + H2O = spermidine + urea.
43921 modulation by host of viral transcription P Any process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral transcription.
43922 negative regulation by host of viral transcription P Any process in which a host organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral transcription.
43923 positive regulation by host of viral transcription P Any process in which a host organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral transcription, the synthesis of either RNA on a template of DNA or DNA on a template of RNA.
43924 suramin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with suramin, a naphthalenesulfonic acid compound which is used in the treatment of diseases caused by trypanosomes and worms.
43927 exonucleolytic nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process involved in endonucleolytic cleavage-dependent decay P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that occurs when the ends are not protected by the 5'-cap.
43928 exonucleolytic nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process involved in deadenylation-dependent decay P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that occurs when the ends are not protected by the 3'-poly(A) tail.
43929 primary ovarian follicle growth involved in double layer follicle stage P Increase in size of primary follicles including oocyte growth and granulosa and/or theca cell proliferation until more than one layer of granulosa cells is present (preantral follicle), as part of the double layer follicle stage of oogenesis.
43930 primary ovarian follicle growth involved in primary follicle stage P Increase in size of primary follicles including oocyte growth and granulosa and/or theca cell proliferation until more than one layer of granulosa cells is present (preantral follicle) as part of the primary follicle stage of oogenesis.
43931 ossification involved in bone maturation P The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone, involved in the progression of the skeleton from its formation to its mature state.
43932 ossification involved in bone remodeling P The formation or growth of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone, involved in response to injury or other physical, physiological or environmental stress stimuli.
43933 macromolecular complex subunit organization P Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a macromolecular complex.
43934 sporulation P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spore over time, from its initiation to the mature structure. A spore is a structure that can be used for dissemination, for survival of adverse conditions because of its heat and dessication resistance, and/or for reproduction.
43935 sexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore P The formation of spores derived from the products of meiosis. A cellular spore is a cell form that can be used for dissemination, for survival of adverse conditions because of its heat and dessication resistance, and/or for reproduction.
43936 asexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore P The formation of a cellular spore derived from the products of mitosis. A cellular spore is a cell form that can be used for dissemination, for survival of adverse conditions because of its heat and dessication resistance, and/or for reproduction.
43937 regulation of sporulation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sporulation, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spore over time, from its initiation to the mature structure.
43938 positive regulation of sporulation P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sporulation, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spore over time, from its initiation to the mature structure.
43939 negative regulation of sporulation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sporulation, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spore over time, from its initiation to the mature structure.
43940 regulation of sexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of cellular spores derived from the products of meiosis.
43941 positive regulation of sexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of cellular spores derived from the products of meiosis.
43942 negative regulation of sexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of cellular spores derived from the products of meiosis.
43943 regulation of asexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a cellular spore derived from the products of mitosis.
43944 negative regulation of asexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a cellular spore derived from the products of mitosis.
43945 positive regulation of asexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a cellular spore derived from the products of mitosis.
43946 positive regulation of catalytic activity in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of enzyme activity in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
43947 positive regulation by host of symbiont catalytic activity P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont enzyme activity. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
43948 positive regulation by symbiont of host catalytic activity P Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of host enzyme activity. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
43949 regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling P Any process which modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signaling, a series of molecular signals in which a cell uses cyclic AMP to convert an extracellular signal into a response.
43950 positive regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling P Any process which activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signaling, a series of molecular signals in which a cell uses cyclic AMP to convert an extracellular signal into a response.
43951 negative regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling P Any process which stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signaling, a series of molecular signals in which a cell uses cyclic AMP to convert an extracellular signal into a response.
43952 protein transport by the Sec complex P The process in which unfolded proteins are transported across the cytoplasmic membrane in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by the Sec complex, in a process involving proteolytic cleavage of an N-terminal signal peptide.
43953 protein transport by the Tat complex P The process in which folded proteins are transported across cytoplasmic membranes of bacteria and membranes of organelles derived from bacteria (chloroplasts and mitochondria) by the TAT complex.
43954 cellular component maintenance P The organization process that preserves a cellular component in a stable functional or structural state.
43955 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA synthetase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypropionate + ATP + CoA = 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate.
43956 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA = acrylyl-CoA + H2O.
43957 acryloyl-CoA reductase (NADP+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acryloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ = propionyl-CoA + NADP+.
43958 acryloyl-CoA reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acryloyl-CoA + NADH + H+ + a reduced electron-transfer flavoprotein = propionyl-CoA + NAD+ + an oxidized electron-transfer flavoprotein.
43959 L-erythro-3-methylmalyl-CoA lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: propionyl-CoA + glyoxylate = L-erythro-3-methylmalyl-CoA.
43960 L-erythro-3-methylmalyl-CoA dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-erythro-3-methylmalyl-CoA = mesaconyl-CoA + H2O.
43961 succinyl-CoA:(R)-citramalate CoA-transferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: succinyl-CoA + (R)-citramalate = succinate + (R)-citramalyl-CoA.
43962 negative regulation by host of symbiont adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
43963 modulation by symbiont of host adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction P Any process in which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
43964 positive regulation by symbiont of host adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
43965 negative regulation by symbiont of host adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
43966 histone H3 acetylation P The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group.
43967 histone H4 acetylation P The modification of histone H4 by the addition of an acetyl group.
43968 histone H2A acetylation P The modification of histone H2A by the addition of an acetyl group.
43969 histone H2B acetylation P The modification of histone H2B by the addition of an acetyl group.
43970 histone H3-K9 acetylation P The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 9 of the histone.
43971 histone H3-K18 acetylation P The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 18 of the histone.
43972 histone H3-K23 acetylation P The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 23 of the histone.
43973 histone H3-K4 acetylation P The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 4 of the histone.
43974 histone H3-K27 acetylation P The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 27 of the histone.
43975 histone H3-K36 acetylation P The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 36 of the histone.
43976 histone H3-K79 acetylation P The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 79 of the histone.
43977 histone H2A-K5 acetylation P The modification of histone H2A by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 5 of the histone.
43978 histone H2A-K9 acetylation P The modification of histone H2A by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 9 of the histone.
43979 histone H2B-K5 acetylation P The modification of histone H2B by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 5 of the histone.
43980 histone H2B-K12 acetylation P The modification of histone H2B by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 12 of the histone.
43981 histone H4-K5 acetylation P The modification of histone H4 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 5 of the histone.
43982 histone H4-K8 acetylation P The modification of histone H4 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 8 of the histone.
43983 histone H4-K12 acetylation P The modification of histone H4 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 12 of the histone.
43984 histone H4-K16 acetylation P The modification of histone H4 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 16 of the histone.
43985 histone H4-R3 methylation P The modification of histone H4 by addition of a methyl group to arginine at position 3 of the histone.
43987 histone H3-S10 phosphorylation P The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an phosphate group to a serine residue at position 10 of the histone.
43988 histone H3-S28 phosphorylation P The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an phosphate group to a serine residue at position 28 of the histone.
43989 histone H4-S1 phosphorylation P The modification of histone H4 by the addition of an phosphate group to a serine residue at position 1 of the histone.
43990 histone H2A-S1 phosphorylation P The modification of histone H2A by the addition of an phosphate group to a serine residue at position 1 of the histone.
43991 histone H2B-S14 phosphorylation P The modification of histone H2B by the addition of an phosphate group to a serine residue at position 14 of the histone.
43992 histone acetyltransferase activity (H3-K9 specific) F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 9) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 9).
43993 histone acetyltransferase activity (H3-K18 specific) F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 18) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 18).
43994 histone acetyltransferase activity (H3-K23 specific) F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 23) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 23).
43995 histone acetyltransferase activity (H4-K5 specific) F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H4 L-lysine (position 5) = CoA + histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 5).
43996 histone acetyltransferase activity (H4-K8 specific) F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H4 L-lysine (position 8) = CoA + histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 8).
43997 histone acetyltransferase activity (H4-K12 specific) F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H4 L-lysine (position 12) = CoA + histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 12).
43998 H2A histone acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2A L-lysine = CoA + histone H2A N6-acetyl-L-lysine.
43999 histone acetyltransferase activity (H2A-K5 specific) F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2A L-lysine (position 5) = CoA + histone H2A N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 5).
44000 movement in host P The process in which an organism or its progeny spreads from one location to another within its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
44001 migration in host P The directional movement of an organism from one place to another within its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
44002 acquisition of nutrients from host P The process that begins with the production and formation of structures and molecules in an organism that are required for the acquisition and utilization of nutrients from its host organism, and the ends with the acquirement of the nutrients. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
44003 modification by symbiont of host morphology or physiology P The process in which a symbiont organism effects a change in the structure or processes of its host organism.
44004 disruption by symbiont of host cell P Any process in which an organism has a negative effect on the functioning of the host's cells. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
44005 induction by symbiont in host of tumor, nodule, or growth P The process in which an organism causes the formation of a mass of cells in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
44006 induction by symbiont in host of tumor, nodule, or growth containing transformed cells P The process in which an organism causes the formation in its host organism of a growth whose cells have been transformed and continue to exist in the absence of the first organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
44007 dissemination or transmission of symbiont from host P The movement of an organism from a host to another host or from a host to another place in the environment. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
44008 dissemination or transmission of symbiont from host by vector P The movement of an organism from one host to another (or another place in the environment) by means of a third organism (often an insect or other animal). The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
44009 viral transmission by vector P The transfer of virions by means of an organism (often an insect or other animal) in order to create new infection.
44010 single-species biofilm formation P A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms of the same species grow at a liquid-air interface or on a solid substrate under the flow of a liquid and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription.
44011 single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate P A process in which microorganisms of the same species attach to and grow on an inanimate surface such as a rock or pipe, and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation, resulting in an alteration in the phenotype of the organisms with respect to growth rate and gene transcription.
44012 histone acetyltransferase activity (H2A-K9 specific) F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2A L-lysine (position 9) = CoA + histone H2A N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 9).
44013 H2B histone acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2B L-lysine = CoA + histone H2B N6-acetyl-L-lysine.
44014 histone acetyltransferase activity (H2B-K5 specific) F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2B L-lysine (position 5) = CoA + histone H2B N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 5).
44015 histone acetyltransferase activity (H2B-K12 specific) F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2B L-lysine (position 12) = CoA + histone H2B N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 12).
44016 histone acetyltransferase activity (H3-K4 specific) F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 4) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 4).
44017 histone acetyltransferase activity (H3-K27 specific) F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 27) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 27).
44018 histone acetyltransferase activity (H3-K36 specific) F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 36) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 36).
44019 histone acetyltransferase activity (H3-K72 specific) F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 72) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 72).
44020 histone methyltransferase activity (H4-R3 specific) F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H4)-arginine (position 3) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H4)-N-methyl-arginine (position 3). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to arginine at position 3 of histone H4.
44022 histone kinase activity (H3-S28 specific) F Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to the serine-28 residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H3.
44023 histone kinase activity (H4-S1 specific) F Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to the serine-1 residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H4.
44024 histone kinase activity (H2A-S1 specific) F Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to the serine-1 residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H2A.
44025 histone kinase activity (H2B-S14 specific) F Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to the serine-14 or an equivalent residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H2B.
44026 DNA hypermethylation P An increase in the epigenetic methylation of cytosine and adenosine residues in DNA.
44027 hypermethylation of CpG island P An increase in the epigenetic methylation of cytosine and adenosine residues in a CpG island in DNA. CpG islands are genomic regions that contain a high frequency of the CG dinucleotide and are often associated with the transcription start site of genes.
44028 DNA hypomethylation P An decrease in the epigenetic methylation of cytosine and adenosine residues in DNA.
44029 hypomethylation of CpG island P An decrease in the epigenetic methylation of cytosine and adenosine residues in a CpG island in DNA. CpG islands are genomic regions that contain a high frequency of the CG dinucleotide and are often associated with the transcription start site of genes.
44030 regulation of DNA methylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent transfer of a methyl group to either N-6 of adenine or C-5 or N-4 of cytosine.
44031 modification by symbiont of host protein by phosphorylation P The process in which an organism adds a phosphate group to a protein of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
44032 modulation by symbiont of indole acetic acid levels in host P The alteration by an organism of the levels of indole acetic acid in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
44033 multi-organism metabolic process P A metabolic process - chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances - which involves more than one organism.
44034 multi-organism biosynthetic process P A biosynthetic process - chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances - which involves more than one organism.
44035 multi-organism catabolic process P A catabolic process - chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances - which involves more than one organism.
44036 cell wall macromolecule metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules forming, or destined to form, part of the cell wall. A cell wall is a rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.
44037 multi-organism cell wall macromolecule metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules forming, or destined to form, part of a cell wall, involving more than one organism. A cell wall is a rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.
44038 cell wall macromolecule biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule destined to form part of a cell wall.
44040 multi-organism carbohydrate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, that involve more than one organism.
44041 multi-organism carbohydrate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, involving more than one organism.
44042 glucan metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues.
44043 multi-organism glucan metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues, involving more than one organism.
44044 interaction with host via substance in symbiont surface P An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance on the surface of the other (symbiont) organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
44045 interaction with host via substance in symbiont cell outer membrane P An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance in the symbiont cell outer membrane - a lipid bilayer that forms the outermost layer of the symbiont cell envelope. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
44046 interaction with host via substance released outside of symbiont P An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance that is released by the other organism. This includes substances that are released via pathogen cell lysis.
44047 interaction with host via protein secreted by type I secretion system P An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance secreted by the other (symbiont) organism via a type I secretion system. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
44048 interaction with host via protein secreted by type V secretion system P An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance secreted by the other (symbiont) organism via a type V secretion system. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
44049 interaction with host via protein secreted by type VI secretion system P An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance secreted by the other (symbiont) organism via a type VI secretion system. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
44050 interaction with host via substance released by sporangium lysis P An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance released via rupture of symbiont sporangia, structures producing and containing spores. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
44051 interaction with host via substance released by symbiont cytolysis P An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance released via cytolysis of symbiont cells. Cytolysis is the rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
44052 interaction with host via substance released by membrane budding P An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance released via symbiont membrane budding, the evagination of a membrane resulting in formation of a vesicle.
44053 translocation of peptides or proteins into host cell cytoplasm P The directed movement of peptides or proteins produced by a symbiont organism to a location within the host cell cytoplasm.
44054 rounding by symbiont of host cells P Any process in which an organism causes host cells to change shape and become round.
44055 modulation by symbiont of host system process P The alteration by a symbiont organism of the functioning of a system process in the host. A system process is a multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system.
44056 modulation by symbiont of host digestive system process P The alteration by a symbiont organism of the functioning of a digestive system process, a physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by the host organism to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.
44057 regulation of system process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system.
44058 regulation of digestive system process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a digestive system process, a physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.
44059 modulation by symbiont of host endocrine process P The alteration by a symbiont organism of the functioning of a endocrine process, any of the hormonal, neural, and secretory processes that release products into the blood or lymph, in the host organism.
44060 regulation of endocrine process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an endocrine process, a process involving the secretion of or response to endocrine hormones. An endocrine hormone is a hormone released into the circulatory system.
44061 modulation by symbiont of host excretion P The alteration by a symbiont organism of the functioning of excretion, the elimination by the host organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity.
44062 regulation of excretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of excretion, the elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity.
44063 modulation by symbiont of host neurological system process P The alteration by a symbiont organism of the functioning of a host neurophysiological process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of neurological system.
44064 modulation by symbiont of host respiratory system process P The alteration by a symbiont organism of the functioning of a respiratory system process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the respiratory system.
44065 regulation of respiratory system process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a respiratory system process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the respiratory system.
44066 modification by symbiont of host cell nucleus P The process in which a symbiont organism effects a change in the structure or function of its host cell nucleus.
44067 modification by symbiont of host intercellular junctions P The process in which a symbiont organism effects a change in the structure or function of its host intercellular junction, a specialized region of connection between two cells.
44068 modulation by symbiont of host cellular process P Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell, in its host organism.
44069 modulation by symbiont of host anion transport P The process in which a symbiont organism modulates the anion transport, the directed movement of anions, atoms or small molecules with a net negative charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, of its host organism.
44070 regulation of anion transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of anions, atoms or small molecules with a net negative charge into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
44071 modulation by symbiont of host cell cycle P The process in which a symbiont organism effects a change in its host's cell cycle through direct interactions with the host cell macromolecular machinery.
44072 negative regulation by symbiont of host cell cycle P The process in which a symbiont organism stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of its host's progression through its cell cycle via direct interactions with the host cell macromolecular machinery.
44073 modulation by symbiont of host translation P The process in which a symbiont organism effects a change in translation, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a protein, in its host organism.
44074 negative regulation by symbiont of host translation P The process in which a symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translation, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a protein, in its host organism.
44075 modulation by symbiont of host vacuole organization P Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vacuole organization in its host organism.
44076 positive regulation by symbiont of host vacuole organization P The process in which a symbiont organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vacuole organization in its host organism.
44077 modulation by symbiont of host receptor-mediated endocytosis P The process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport, in its host organism.
44078 positive regulation by symbiont of host receptor-mediated endocytosis P Any process in which a symbiont organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport, in its host organism.
44079 modulation by symbiont of host neurotransmitter secretion P Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter from a cell in its host organism.
44080 modulation by symbiont of host cGMP-mediated signal transduction P Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cGMP-mediated signaling in its host organism. cGMP-mediated signaling is a series of molecular signals in which a cell uses cyclic GMP to convert an extracellular signal into a response.
44081 modulation by symbiont of host nitric oxide-mediated signal transduction P Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the rate, frequency or extent of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction in its host organism. Nitric oxide mediated signal transduction is a series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of nitric oxide (NO).
44082 modulation by symbiont of host small GTPase mediated signal transduction P Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase mediated signal transduction in its host organism.
44083 modulation by symbiont of host Rho protein signal transduction P Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rho protein signal transduction in its host organism.
44084 host cell membrane pore complex C Any small opening in a host cell membrane that allows the passage of gases and/or liquids, composed of host proteins.
44085 cellular component biogenesis P A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component. Includes biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the cellular component.
44087 regulation of cellular component biogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular component biogenesis, a process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component.
44088 regulation of vacuole organization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole.
44089 positive regulation of cellular component biogenesis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular component biogenesis, a process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component.
44090 positive regulation of vacuole organization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole.
44091 membrane biogenesis P A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a membrane.
44092 negative regulation of molecular function P Any process that stops or reduces the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding.
44093 positive regulation of molecular function P Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding.
44094 host cell nuclear part C Any constituent part of a host cell's nucleus, a membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. The host is the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
44095 host cell nucleoplasm C That part of a host cell's nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus. The host is the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
44096 type IV pilus C A short filamentous structure on the surface of a bacterial cell distinguished from other pili by post-translational N-methylation of the pilin monomers.
44097 secretion by the type IV secretion system P The controlled release of proteins or DNA by a cell, via the type IV secretion system.
44098 DNA secretion by the type IV secretion system P The controlled release of DNA by a cell, via the type IV secretion system.
44099 polar tube C A highly specialized structure unique to microsporidia that is required for host cell invasion. In the spore, the polar tube is connected at the anterior end, and then coils around the sporoplasm. Upon appropriate environmental stimulation, the polar tube rapidly discharges out of the spore, pierces a cell membrane and serves as a conduit for sporoplasm passage into the new host cell.
44100 sporoplasm C The complex infective apparatus corresponding to the central mass of cytoplasm within a spore that is injected into a host cell by various parasitic microorganisms.
44101 (R)-citramalyl-CoA lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-citramalyl-CoA = pyruvate + acetyl-CoA.
44102 purine deoxyribosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of deoxyribose exchange between purine deoxyribonucleoside as a donor and purine base as an acceptor.
44103 L-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-arabinose + NADP+ = L-arabinono-1,4-lactone + NADPH + H+.
44104 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-dioxopentanoate + NAD+ + H2O = 2-oxoglutarate + NADH + H+.
44105 L-xylulose reductase (NAD+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: xylitol + NAD+ = L-xylulose + NADH + H+.
44106 cellular amine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group, as carried out by individual cells. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom.
44107 cellular alcohol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom, as carried out by individual cells.
44108 cellular alcohol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom, carried out at the level of an individual cell.
44109 cellular alcohol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom, occurring at the level of the individual cell.
44110 growth involved in symbiotic interaction P The increase in size or mass of an organism occurring when the organism is in a symbiotic interaction.
44111 development involved in symbiotic interaction P The progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring when the organism is in a symbiotic interaction.
44112 growth in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The increase in size or mass of an organism, occurring within the cells or tissues of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. This may (but not necessarily) include a filamentous growth form, and also can include secretion of proteases and lipases to break down the tissue of the second organism.
44113 development in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring within the cells or tissues of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. This may (but not necessarily) include a filamentous growth form, and also can include secretion of proteases and lipases to break down the tissue of the second organism.
44114 development of symbiont in host P The progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring within the cells or tissues of the host organism. This may (but not necessarily) include a filamentous growth form, and also can include secretion of proteases and lipases to break down host tissue. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
44115 development of symbiont involved in interaction with host P The progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
44116 growth of symbiont involved in interaction with host P The increase in size or mass of an organism, occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
44117 growth of symbiont in host P The increase in size or mass of an organism, occurring within the cells or tissues of the host organism. This may (but not necessarily) include a filamentous growth form, and also can include secretion of proteases and lipases to break down host tissue. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
44118 development of symbiont in host cell P The progression of the symbiont from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in its host's cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
44119 growth of symbiont in host cell P The increase in size or mass of symbiont, occurring in its host's cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
44120 development of symbiont in host organelle P The progression of the symbiont from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in its host's organelle. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
44121 growth of symbiont in host organelle P The increase in size or mass of a symbiont, occurring in its host's organelle. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
44122 development of symbiont in host vascular tissue P The progression of the symbiont from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in its host's vascular tissue. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
44123 growth of symbiont in host vascular tissue P The increase in size or mass of symbiont, occurring in its host's vascular tissue. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
44124 development of symbiont in host intercellular space P The progression of the symbiont from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in its host's intercellular space. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
44125 growth of symbiont in host intercellular space P The increase in size or mass of symbiont, occurring in its host's intercellular space. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
44126 regulation of growth of symbiont in host P Any process in which the symbiont regulates the increase in its size or mass within the cells or tissues of the host organism. This may (but not necessarily) include a filamentous growth form, and also can include secretion of proteases and lipases to break down. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in the symbiotic interaction.
44127 regulation of development of symbiont in host P Any process in which the symbiont regulates its progression from an initial condition to a later condition, within the cells or tissues of the host organism. This may (but not necessarily) include a filamentous growth form, and also can include secretion of proteases and lipases to break down. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in the symbiotic interaction.
44128 positive regulation of growth of symbiont in host P Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases its size or mass within the cells or tissues of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in the symbiotic interaction.
44129 positive regulation of development of symbiont in host P Any process in which the symbiont activates or maintains its progression from an initial condition to a later condition, within the cells or tissues of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in the symbiotic interaction.
44130 negative regulation of growth of symbiont in host P Any process in which the symbiont stops, prevents or reduces its increase in size or mass within the cells or tissues of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in the symbiotic interaction.
44131 negative regulation of development of symbiont in host P Any process in which the symbiont stops, prevents or reduces its progression from an initial condition to a later condition, within the cells or tissues of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in the symbiotic interaction.
44132 development of symbiont on or near host P The progression of a symbiont from an initial condition to a later condition, within the cells or tissues of its host organism.
44133 growth of symbiont on or near host P The increase in size or mass of a symbiont within the cells or tissues of its host organism.
44134 development of symbiont on or near host phyllosphere P The progression of the symbiont from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring on or near its host phyllosphere. The host phyllosphere is defined as total above-ground surfaces of a plant as a habitat for symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
44135 growth of symbiont on or near host phyllosphere P The increase in size or mass of symbiont occurring on or near its host phyllosphere. The host phyllosphere is defined as total above-ground surfaces of a plant as a habitat for symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
44136 development of symbiont on or near host rhizosphere P The progression of the symbiont from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring on or near its host rhizosphere. The host rhizosphere is defined as total below-ground surfaces of a plant as a habitat for its symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
44137 growth of symbiont on or near host rhizosphere P The increase in size or mass of symbiont occurring on or near its host rhizosphere. The host rhizosphere is defined as total below-ground surfaces of a plant as a habitat for its symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
44138 modulation of development of symbiont on or near host P Any process in which the symbiont regulates its progression from an initial condition to a later condition, on or near the cells or tissues of the host organism.
44139 modulation of growth of symbiont on or near host P Any process in which the symbiont regulates the increase in its size or mass on or near the cells or tissues of the host organism.
44140 negative regulation of growth of symbiont on or near host surface P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the increase in the symbiont's size or mass on or near the cells or tissues of the host organism.
44141 negative regulation of development of symbiont on or near host surface P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont's progression from an initial condition to a later condition, on or near the cells or tissues of the host organism.
44142 positive regulation of growth of symbiont on or near host surface P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont's increase in size or mass on or near the cells or tissues of the host organism.
44143 positive regulation of development of symbiont on or near host surface P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont's progression from an initial condition to a later condition, on or near the cells or tissues of the host organism.
44144 modulation of growth of symbiont involved in interaction with host P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the increase in size or mass of an organism occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism.
44145 modulation of development of symbiont involved in interaction with host P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism.
44146 negative regulation of growth of symbiont involved in interaction with host P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the increase in size or mass of an organism occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism.
44147 negative regulation of development of symbiont involved in interaction with host P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism.
44148 positive regulation of growth of symbiont involved in interaction with host P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the increase in size or mass of an organism occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism.
44149 positive regulation of development of symbiont involved in interaction with host P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism.
44150 development of organism on or near symbiont surface P The progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring on or near the exterior of its symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
44151 growth of organism on or near symbiont surface P The increase in size or mass of an organism occurring on or near the exterior of its symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
44152 development on or near surface of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring on or near the exterior of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
44153 growth on or near surface of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The increase in size or mass of an organism occurring on or near the exterior of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
44154 histone H3-K14 acetylation P The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 14 of the histone.
44155 host caveola C A small pit, depression, or invagination, such as any of the minute pits or incuppings of the host cell membrane formed during pinocytosis, that communicates with the outside of a host cell and extends inward, indenting the host cytoplasm and the host cell membrane. Such caveolae may be pinched off to form free vesicles within the host cytoplasm. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
44156 host cell junction C A plasma membrane part that forms a specialized region of connection between two host cells or between a host cell and the host extracellular matrix. At a host cell junction, anchoring proteins extend through the host plasma membrane to link cytoskeletal proteins in one cell to cytoskeletal proteins in neighboring cells or to proteins in the extracellular matrix.
44157 host cell projection C A prolongation or process extending from a host cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.
44158 host cell wall C The rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the host cell membrane of plant, fungal, and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis. In plants it is made of cellulose and, often, lignin; in fungi it is composed largely of polysaccharides; in bacteria it is composed of peptidoglycan.
44159 host thylakoid C A membranous cellular structure within the host cell that bears the photosynthetic pigments in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. In cyanobacteria thylakoids are of various shapes and are attached to, or continuous with, the host plasma membrane. In eukaryotic host cells they are flattened, membrane-bounded disk-like structures located in the chloroplasts; in the chloroplasts of higher plants the thylakoids form dense stacks called grana. Isolated thylakoid preparations can carry out photosynthetic electron transport and the associated phosphorylation.
44160 host thylakoid membrane C The pigmented membrane of any host thylakoid.
44161 host cell cytoplasmic vesicle C A vesicle formed of membrane or protein, found in the cytoplasm of a host cell.
44162 host cell cytoplasmic vesicle membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a host cell cytoplasmic vesicle.
44163 host cytoskeleton C Any of the various filamentous elements that form the internal framework of host cells, and typically remain after treatment of the cells with mild detergent to remove membrane constituents and soluble components of the host cytoplasm. The term embraces intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the host cell. The various elements of the host cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of host cellular shape but also have roles in other host cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles.
44164 host cell cytosol C The part of the host cell cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
44165 host cell endoplasmic reticulum C The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the host cell cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The host ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).
44166 host cell endoplasmic reticulum lumen C The volume enclosed by the membranes of the host cell endoplasmic reticulum.
44167 host cell endoplasmic reticulum membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding the host cell endoplasmic reticulum.
44168 host cell rough endoplasmic reticulum C The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the host cell cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The host rough ER has ribosomes adhering to the outer surface.
44169 host cell rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding the host cell rough endoplasmic reticulum.
44170 host cell smooth endoplasmic reticulum C The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the host cell cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The host smooth ER has no ribosomes adhering to the outer surface.
44171 host cell smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding the host cell smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
44172 host cell endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment C A complex system of membrane-bounded compartments located between host cell endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the host Golgi complex, with a distinctive membrane protein composition; involved in ER-to-Golgi transport.
44173 host cell endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the host cell ER-Golgi intermediate compartment system.
44174 host cell endosome C A membrane-bounded organelle that carries materials newly ingested by endocytosis. It passes many of the materials to host cell lysosomes for degradation.
44175 host cell endosome membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a host cell endosome.
44176 host cell filopodium C Thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile host cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone; usually approximately 0.1 um wide, 5-10 um long, can be up to 50 um long in axon growth cones; contains a loose bundle of about 20 actin filaments oriented with their plus ends pointing outward.
44177 host cell Golgi apparatus C A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic host cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack.
44178 host cell Golgi membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the host cell Golgi apparatus.
44179 hemolysis in other organism P The cytolytic destruction of red blood cells, with the release of intracellular hemoglobin, in one organism by another.
44180 filamentous growth of a unicellular organism P The process in which a unicellular organism grows in a threadlike, filamentous shape.
44181 filamentous growth of a multicellular organism P The process in which a multicellular organism grows in a threadlike, filamentous shape.
44182 filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms P The process in which a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape.
44183 protein binding involved in protein folding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules) that contributes to the process of protein folding.
44184 host cell late endosome C A prelysosomal endocytic organelle differentiated from host early endosomes by lower lumenal pH and different protein composition. Host late endosomes are more spherical than early endosomes and are mostly juxtanuclear, being concentrated near the microtubule organizing center.
44185 host cell late endosome membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a host cell late endosome.
44186 host cell lipid particle C Any particle of coalesced lipids in the cytoplasm of a host cell. May include associated proteins.
44187 host cell lysosome C A small lytic vacuole that has cell cycle-independent morphology and is found in most host animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases, most of which have their maximal activities in the pH range 5-6. The contained enzymes display latency if properly isolated. About 40 different lysosomal hydrolases are known and host cell lysosomes have a great variety of morphologies and functions.
44188 host cell lysosomal membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding the host cell lysosome and separating its contents from the host cell cytoplasm.
44190 host cell mitochondrial envelope C The double lipid bilayer enclosing the host cell mitochondrion and separating its contents from the host cell cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.
44191 host cell mitochondrial membrane C Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the host cell mitochondrion and form the host cell mitochondrial envelope.
44192 host cell mitochondrial inner membrane C The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the host cell mitochondrial envelope. It is highly folded to form cristae.
44193 host cell mitochondrial outer membrane C The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the host cell mitochondrial envelope.
44194 cytolytic granule C A specialized secretory lysosome that is present in cells with cytolytic capability such as cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Cytolytic granules mediate the storage and regulated excretion of lytic molecules for killing of target cells.
44195 nucleoplasmic reticulum C Long, dynamic tubular channels, formed by invagination of the nuclear envelope, that extend deep into the nucleoplasm. The channels have an underlying lamina and are implicated in functioning in signaling and transport.
44196 host cell nucleolus C A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic host cells.
44197 Rel homology domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a Rel Homology Domain (RHD) of a protein. The RHD is found in a family of eukaryotic transcription factors, which includes NF-kappaB, Dorsal, Relish and NFAT.
44198 zf-TRAF domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a TRAF-type zinc finger domain of a protein.
44199 host cell nuclear envelope C The double lipid bilayer enclosing the host nucleus and separating its contents from the rest of the host cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space, a gap of width 20-40 nm (also called the perinuclear space).
44200 host cell nuclear membrane C Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the host nucleus and form the nuclear envelope; excludes the intermembrane space.
44201 host cell nuclear inner membrane C The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the host nuclear envelope.
44202 host cell nuclear outer membrane C The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the host nuclear envelope; continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum of the host cell and sometimes studded with ribosomes.
44203 host cell nuclear lamina C The fibrous, electron-dense layer lying on the nucleoplasmic side of the inner membrane of a host cell nucleus, composed of lamin filaments.
44204 host cell nuclear matrix C The dense fibrillar network lying on the inner side of the host nuclear membrane.
44205 'de novo' UMP biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UMP, uridine monophosphate, starting with the synthesis of (S)-dihydroorotate from bicarbonate; UMP biosynthesis may either occur via reduction by quinone, NAD(+) or oxygen.
44206 UMP salvage P Any process which produces UMP, uridine monophosphate, from derivatives of it (e.g. cytidine, uridine, cytosine) without de novo synthesis.
44207 translation initiation ternary complex C A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2 (either eIF2 in eukaryotes, or IF2 in prokaryotes). In prokaryotes, fMet-tRNA (initiator) is used rather than Met-tRNA (initiator).
44208 'de novo' AMP biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) from inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP).
44209 AMP salvage P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) from derivatives of it (either adenine, ADP or adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate) without de novo synthesis.
44210 'de novo' CTP biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytidine 5'-triphosphate (CTP) from simpler components.
44211 CTP salvage P Any process which produces cytidine 5'-triphosphate (CTP) from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
44212 transcription regulatory region DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a DNA region that regulates the transcription of a region of DNA, which may be a gene, cistron, or operon. Binding may occur as a sequence specific interaction or as an interaction observed only once a factor has been recruited to the DNA by other factors.
44213 intronic transcription regulatory region DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an intronic DNA region that regulates the transcription of the transcript it is contained within.
44214 spanning component of plasma membrane C The component of the plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that have some part that spans both leaflets of the membrane.
44215 other organism C A secondary organism with which the first organism is interacting.
44216 other organism cell C A cell of a secondary organism with which the first organism is interacting.
44217 other organism part C Any constituent part of a secondary organism with which the first organism is interacting.
44218 other organism cell membrane C The cell membrane of a secondary organism with which the first organism is interacting.
44219 host cell plasmodesma C A fine cytoplasmic channel, found in all higher plants, that connects the cytoplasm of one host cell to that of an adjacent host cell.
44220 host cell perinuclear region of cytoplasm C The host cell cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the host nucleus.
44221 host cell synapse C The junction between a nerve fiber of one host neuron and another host neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell; the site of interneuronal communication.
44222 anammoxosome C An intracytoplasmic membrane-bounded compartment in anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria, is the site of anammox catabolism.
44223 pirellulosome C A cytoplasmic structure found in bacterial phyla Planctomycetes and Verrucomicrobia containing a condensed nucleoid and ribosomes and surrounded by an intracytoplasmic membrane. It is surrounded by ribosome-free cytoplasm, in a compartment called the paryphoplasm.
44224 juxtaparanode region of axon C A region of an axon near a node of Ranvier that is between the paranode and internode regions.
44225 apical pole of neuron C Portion of a neuron cell soma closest to the point where the apical dendrite emerges.
44226 basal pole of neuron C Portion of a neuron cell soma closest to the point where the basilar dendrite emerges.
44227 methane-oxidizing organelle C A cytoplasmic, membrane-bounded compartment found within Methanotrophic bacteria that contains enzymes and electron transfer proteins for methane catabolism. This structure is analogous to the thylakoid of Cyanobacteria and the anammoxosome of anaerobic ammonium oxidation organisms.
44228 host cell surface C The external part of the host cell wall and/or host plasma membrane.
44229 host cell periplasmic space C The region between the inner (cytoplasmic) and outer host membrane (Gram-negative Bacteria) or inner host membrane and host cell wall (Fungi).
44230 host cell envelope C An envelope that surrounds a bacterial host cell and includes the host cytoplasmic membrane and everything external, encompassing the host periplasmic space, host cell wall, and host outer membrane if present.
44231 host cell presynaptic membrane C A specialized area of membrane of the host axon terminal that faces the plasma membrane of the host neuron or muscle fiber with which the axon terminal establishes a synaptic junction; many host synaptic junctions exhibit structural presynaptic characteristics, such as conical, electron-dense internal protrusions, that distinguish it from the remainder of the axon plasma membrane.
44232 organelle membrane contact site C A zone of apposition between the membranes of two organelles, structured by bridging complexes. Membrane contact sites (MCSs) are specialized for communication, including the efficient traffic of small molecules such as Ca2+ ions and lipids, as well as enzyme-substrate interactions.
44233 ER-mitochondrion membrane contact site C A zone of apposition between endoplasmic-reticulum and mitochondrial membranes, structured by bridging complexes. These contact sites are thought to facilitate inter-organelle calcium and phospholipid exchange.
44236 multicellular organism metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways in a single multicellular organism that occur at the tissue, organ, or organismal level. These processes, unlike cellular metabolism, can include transport of substances between cells when that transport is required.
44237 cellular metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.
44238 primary metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving those compounds which are formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism.
44239 salivary polysaccharide catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polysaccharides by salivary amylase. Salivary amylase is released by salivary glands, usually in the mouth.
44240 multicellular organismal lipid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids, occurring at the tissue, organ, or organismal level of a multicellular organism.
44241 lipid digestion P The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by living organisms to break down ingested lipids into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.
44242 cellular lipid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids, as carried out by individual cells.
44243 multicellular organismal catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances in multicellular organisms that occur at the tissue, organ, or organismal level. These processes, unlike cellular metabolism, can include transport of substances between cells when that transport is required.
44244 multicellular organismal polysaccharide catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polysaccharides, occurring at the tissue, organ, or organismal level of a multicellular organism.
44245 polysaccharide digestion P The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by living organisms to break down ingested polysaccharides into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.
44246 regulation of multicellular organismal metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways in multicellular organisms that occur at the tissue, organ, or organismal level.
44247 cellular polysaccharide catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polysaccharides, polymers of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically, as carried out by individual cells.
44248 cellular catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells.
44249 cellular biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells.
44250 negative regulation of metabolic activity involved in hibernation P The slowing of metabolic processes to very low levels in order to conserve energy as a part of hibernation.
44251 protein catabolic process by pepsin P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by pepsin in the stomach. Pepsin is generated from its precursor pepsinogen, which is activated by hydrolchloric acid (gastric acid).
44252 negative regulation of multicellular organismal metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways in multicellular organisms that occur at the tissue, organ, or organismal level.
44253 positive regulation of multicellular organismal metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways in multicellular organisms that occur at the tissue, organ, or organismal level.
44254 multicellular organismal protein catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein in a multicellular organism, occurring at the tissue, organ, or organismal level.
44255 cellular lipid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, as carried out by individual cells.
44256 protein digestion P The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by living organisms to break down ingested proteins into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.
44257 cellular protein catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by individual cells.
44258 intestinal lipid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown into fatty acids and monoglycerides of lipids in the small intestine. Lipids are broken down by lipases released by the pancreas.
44259 multicellular organismal macromolecule metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, large molecules including proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates, in multicellular organisms occurring at the tissue, organ, or organismal level.
44260 cellular macromolecule metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass, as carried out by individual cells.
44261 multicellular organismal carbohydrate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, in a single multicellular organism, occurring at the tissue, organ, or organismal level.
44262 cellular carbohydrate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, as carried out by individual cells.
44263 multicellular organismal polysaccharide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving polysaccharides, polymers of more than 10 monosaccharide residues joined by glycosidic linkages, in multicellular organisms that occur at the tissue, organ, or organismal level.
44264 cellular polysaccharide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving polysaccharides, polymers of more than 10 monosaccharide residues joined by glycosidic linkages, as carried out by individual cells.
44265 cellular macromolecule catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, any large molecule including proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates, as carried out by individual cells.
44266 multicellular organismal macromolecule catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, any large molecule including proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates, in multicellular organisms occurring at the tissue, organ, or organismal level.
44267 cellular protein metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a specific protein, rather than of proteins in general, occurring at the level of an individual cell. Includes cellular protein modification.
44268 multicellular organismal protein metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a specific protein, rather than of proteins in general, in multicellular organisms occurring at the tissue, organ, or organismal level.
44269 glycerol ether catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol ethers, any anhydride formed between two organic hydroxy compounds, one of which is glycerol.
44270 cellular nitrogen compound catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds.
44271 cellular nitrogen compound biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds.
44272 sulfur compound biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione.
44273 sulfur compound catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione.
44274 multicellular organismal biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances in multicellular organisms, occurring at the tissue, organ, or organismal level.
44275 cellular carbohydrate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, as carried out by individual cells.
44276 multicellular organismal carbohydrate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, in a single multicellular organism occurring at the tissue, organ, or organismal level.
44277 cell wall disassembly P A process that results in the breakdown of the cell wall.
44278 cell wall disruption in other organism P A process carried out by an organism that results in the breakdown of the cell wall of a second organism.
44279 other organism membrane C A membrane of a secondary organism with which the first organism is interacting.
44280 subplasmalemmal coating C Electron dense material observed coating the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane in certain regions of a neuron, e.g., the axon initial segment; the nodal membrane at the Node of Ranvier.
44281 small molecule metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule.
44282 small molecule catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule.
44283 small molecule biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule.
44284 mitochondrial crista junction C A tubular structure of relatively uniform size that connects a mitochondrial crista to the mitochondrial inner boundary membrane.
44285 bridge contact site C Site of contact between the inner and outer mitochondrial membrane found in neuronal mitochondria; may play a role in maintaining the structural integrity of the inner and outer boundary membranes.
44286 peg and socket contact C A cell-cell contact zone that consists of membrane invaginations extending from either cell, which contain tight-, gap-, and adherens junctions. Peg and socket contacts form between endothelial cells and pericytes, and between lens fiber cells.
44288 puncta adhaerentia C A small version of the zonula adherens type junction, characterized by a symmetrical adherent point between two cells.
44289 contact site C Sites of close apposition of the inner and outer mitochondrial membrane.
44290 mitochondrial intracristal space C The space bounded by the mitochondrial cristae membranes, continuous with the intermembrane space.
44291 cell-cell contact zone C Extended zone of intimate apposition between two cells containing one or more types of intercellular junctions, e.g., the intercalated disk of muscle.
44292 dendrite terminus C A structure at the distal end of a dendrite adapted to carry out a specific function, e.g. dendriole.
44293 dendriole C Small dendrites that makes up a brush structure found as the terminal specialization of a dendrite of a unipolar brush cell (UBC).
44294 dendritic growth cone C The migrating motile tip of a growing nerve cell dendrite.
44295 axonal growth cone C The migrating motile tip of a growing nerve cell axon.
44296 dendritic tuft C The terminal specialization found in some types of dendrites which consists of numerous small terminal branches, giving the dendrite a tufted appearance.
44297 cell body C The portion of a cell bearing surface projections such as axons, dendrites, cilia, or flagella that includes the nucleus, but excludes all cell projections.
44298 cell body membrane C The plasma membrane of a cell that bears surface projections such as axons, dendrites, cilia, or flagella, excluding the plasma membrane on cell projections.
44299 C-fiber C The axon of a dorsal root ganglion cell that are responsive to pain and temperature. C-fibers are small in diameter (0.2-1.5 um) and unmyelinated.
44300 cerebellar mossy fiber C An axon arising from cerebellar projecting cells in the cochlea, vestibular nuclei, spinal cord, reticular formation, cerebellar nuclei and basilar pontine nuclei. Mossy fibers enter through all three cerebellar peduncles and send collaterals to the deep cerebellar nuclei, then branch in the white matter and terminate in the granule cell layer. Through this branching, a given mossy fiber can innervate several folia. Mossy fibers synapse on granule cells. The synaptic contacts are made at enlargements along the length of the mossy fiber called mossy fiber rosettes. The enlargements of the rosettes give the axons as "mossy" appearance in Golgi stained preparations.
44301 climbing fiber C The axon of inferior olive neuron that projects to the cerebellar cortex, largely via the inferior cerebellar peduncle. They range in diameter from 1-3 um and are myelinated until they enter the granule cell layer. They give off collaterals to the deep cerebellar nuclei. They synapse extensively with the dendrites of Purkinje cells in the molecular layer, where each fiber branches repeatedly to "climb" along the Purkinje cell dendritic tree. Each Purkinje cell is innervated by only a single climbing fiber.
44302 dentate gyrus mossy fiber C Distinctive, unmyelinated axons produced by granule cells.
44303 axon collateral C Any of the smaller branches of an axon that emanate from the main axon cylinder.
44304 main axon C The main axonal trunk, as opposed to the collaterals; i.e., excluding collaterals, terminal, spines, or dendrites.
44305 calyx of Held C The terminal specialization of a calyciferous axon which forms large synapses in the mammalian auditory central nervous system.
44306 neuron projection terminus C The specialized, terminal region of a neuron projection such as an axon or a dendrite.
44307 dendritic branch C A dendrite arising from another dendrite.
44308 axonal spine C A spine that originates from the axon, usually from the initial segment.
44309 neuron spine C A small membranous protrusion, often ending in a bulbous head and attached to the neuron by a narrow stalk or neck.
44310 osmiophilic body C A membrane-bounded vesicle found predominantly in Plasmodium female gametocytes, that becomes progressively more abundant as the gametocyte reaches full maturity. These vesicles lie beneath the subpellicular membrane of the gametocyte, and the release of their contents into the parasitophorous vacuole has been postulated to aid in the escape of gametocytes from the erythrocyte after ingestion by the mosquito.
44311 exoneme C A dense granule-like organelle of the apical complex of merozoites, released into the parasitophorous vacuole, mediating protease-dependent rupture and parasite exit from the infected erythrocyte.
44312 crystalloid C A transient, cytoplasmic organelle found in Plasmodium species that resembles a cytoplasmic inclusion body and whose function is poorly understood. Crystalloids form in ookinetes and disappear after ookinete-to-oocyst transformation.
44313 protein K6-linked deubiquitination P A protein deubiquitination process in which a K6-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 6 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein.
44314 protein K27-linked ubiquitination P A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 27 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein.
44315 protein secretion by the type VII secretion system P The process in which proteins are transferred into the extracellular milieu or directly into host cells, via the type VII protein secretion system.
44316 cone cell pedicle C A specialized axon terminus which is produced by retinal cone cells. Pedicles are large, conical, flat end-feet (8-10 micrometers diameter) of the retinal cone axon that lie more or less side by side on the same plane at the outer edge of the outer plexiform layer (OPL).
44317 rod spherule C A specialized neuron projection which is the site of synaptic transmission produced by retinal rod cells. Rod spherules are small round enlargements of the axon (3-5 micrometers diameter) or even extensions of the cell body.
44318 L-aspartate:fumarate oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + fumarate = alpha-iminosuccinate + succinate.
44319 wound healing, spreading of cells P The migration of a cell along or through a wound gap that contributes to the reestablishment of a continuous surface.
44320 cellular response to leptin stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leptin stimulus. Leptin is a hormone manufactured primarily in the adipocytes of white adipose tissue, and the level of circulating leptin is directly proportional to the total amount of fat in the body. It plays a key role in regulating energy intake and energy expenditure, including appetite and metabolism.
44321 response to leptin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leptin stimulus. Leptin is a hormone manufactured primarily in the adipocytes of white adipose tissue, and the level of circulating leptin is directly proportional to the total amount of fat in the body. It plays a key role in regulating energy intake and energy expenditure, including appetite and metabolism].
44322 endoplasmic reticulum quality control compartment C A subcompartment of the endoplasmic reticulum in which proteins with improper or incorrect folding accumulate. Enzymes in this compartment direct proteins with major folding problems to translocation to the cytosol and degradation, and proteins with minor folding problems to the ER, to interact with chaperon proteins.
44323 retinoic acid-responsive element binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a retinoic acid-responsive element, a variable direct repeat of the sequence PuGGTCA spaced by five nucleotides (DR5) found in the promoters of retinoic acid-responsive genes, to which retinoic acid receptors bind.
44324 regulation of transcription involved in anterior/posterior axis specification P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription that contributes to the specification of the anterior/posterior axis.
44325 ion channel binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on an ion channel, a protein complex that spans a membrane and forms a water-filled channel across the phospholipid bilayer allowing selective ion transport down its electrochemical gradient.
44326 dendritic spine neck C Part of the dendritic spine that connects the dendritic shaft to the head of the dendritic spine.
44327 dendritic spine head C Distal part of the dendritic spine, that carries the post-synaptic density.
44328 canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of endothelial cell migration P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the positive regulation of endothelial cell migration.
44329 canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the positive regulation of cell to cell adhesion.
44330 canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of wound healing P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in positive regulation of wound healing.
44331 cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin P The attachment of one cell to another cell via a cadherin, transmembrane proteins having repeating extracellular calcium ion binding domains.
44332 Wnt signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell contributing to the establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis.
44333 Wnt signaling pathway involved in digestive tract morphogenesis P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell contributing to the generation and the organization of the digestive tract.
44334 canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the positive regulation of epithelial cell to mesenchymal cell transition.
44335 canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in neural crest cell differentiation P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in neural crest cell differentiation.
44336 canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of apoptotic process P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the negative regulation of apoptotic process.
44337 canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of apoptotic process P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the positive regulation of apoptotic process.
44338 canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation.
44339 canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in osteoblast differentiation.
44340 canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in regulation of cell proliferation P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that contributes to modulating the rate or frequency of cell proliferation.
44341 sodium-dependent phosphate transport P The directed movement of phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore, by a mechanism dependent upon sodium ions.
44342 type B pancreatic cell proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of pancreatic B cells, resulting in the expansion of an pancreatic B cell population. Pancreatic B cell are cells of the pancreas that secrete insulin.
44343 canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in regulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that modulates the rate or frequency of pancreatic B cell proliferation. Pancreatic B cell are cells of the pancreas that secrete insulin.
44344 cellular response to fibroblast growth factor stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an fibroblast growth factor stimulus.
44345 stromal-epithelial cell signaling involved in prostate gland development P The process of transferring information from a stromal cell to an epithelial cell where it is received and interpreted, as part of prostate gland development.
44346 fibroblast apoptotic process P Any apoptotic process in a fibroblast, a connective tissue cell which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.
44347 cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cell wall polysaccharides.
44348 plant-type cell wall cellulose catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation, which forms part of the cell wall.
44349 DNA excision P The removal of a section of DNA from a larger DNA molecule by the making of dual incisions that flank the section to be excised.
44350 micropinocytosis P An endocytosis process that results in the uptake of liquid material by cells from their external environment by invagination of the plasma membrane to form uncoated micropinosomes, differentiated from macropinosomes by their smaller size, on average 95 nm.
44351 macropinocytosis P An endocytosis process that results in the uptake of liquid material by cells from their external environment by the 'ruffling' of the cell membrane to form heterogeneously sized intracellular vesicles called macropinosomes, which can be up to 5 micrometers in size.
44352 pinosome C A membrane-bounded, uncoated intracellular vesicle formed by the process of pinocytosis.
44353 micropinosome C A membrane-bounded, uncoated intracellular vesicle formed by the process of micropinocytosis.
44354 macropinosome C A membrane-bounded, uncoated intracellular vesicle formed by the process of macropinocytosis.
44355 clearance of foreign intracellular DNA P A defense process that protects an organism from invading foreign DNA.
44356 clearance of foreign intracellular DNA by conversion of DNA cytidine to uridine P A defense process that protects an organism from invading foreign DNA. The process begins by the deamination of foreign double-stranded DNA cytidines to uridines. These atypical DNA nucleosides are then converted by a uracil DNA glycosylase to abasic lesions, and the process ends with the degradation of the foreign DNA.
44357 regulation of rRNA stability P Any process that modulates the propensity of rRNA molecules to degradation. Includes processes that both stabilize and destabilize rRNAs.
44358 envenomation resulting in hemorrhagic damage to other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with vascular damage and hemorrhage in the bitten organism.
44359 modulation of molecular function in other organism P The process in which an organism effects a change in the function of proteins in a second organism.
44360 modulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity in other organism P Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in another organism.
44361 negative regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity in other organism P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in another organism.
44362 negative regulation of molecular function in other organism P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the function of proteins in a second organism.
44363 modulation of potassium channel activity in other organism P Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a potassium channel in another organism.
44364 disruption of cells of other organism P A process in which an organism has a negative effect on the functioning of the second organism's cells.
44365 envenomation resulting in modulation of platelet aggregation in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change to the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation in the bitten organism.
44366 feeding on or from other organism P The process of consuming the whole or part of another organism for the purposes of nutrition.
44367 feeding from tissue of other organism P The behaviour of consuming part of another organism for the purposes of nutrition via a particular tissue e.g. vascular tissue.
44368 feeding from vascular tissue of another organism P The behaviour of consuming part of another organism for the purposes of nutrition via a vascular tissue.
44369 feeding on blood of other organism P The behaviour of feeding on the blood of another organism via specialized mouth parts and chemical agents used to penetrate vascular structures in the skin of hosts.
44370 injection of substance into other organism during feeding on blood of other organism P The process of forcing a substance into the bloodstream of another organism, whilst feeding on blood of other organism. The substance may facilitate the feeding process, e.g. by preventing the blood from clotting.
44371 feeding from phloem of other organism P The behaviour of consuming phloem sap, usually by penetration of the phloem wall, for the purposes of nutrition.
44372 feeding from xylem of other organism P The behaviour of consuming xylem exudate from plant xylem tissue for the purposes of nutrition.
44373 cytokinin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a cytokinin, any of a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as growth regulators.
44374 sequence-specific DNA binding, bending F The activity of binding selectively and non-covalently to DNA in a sequence-specific manner and distorting the original structure of DNA, typically a straight helix, into a bend, or increasing the bend if the original structure was intrinsically bent due to its sequence.
44375 regulation of peroxisome size P Any process that modulates the volume of a peroxisome, a small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules.
44376 RNA polymerase II complex import to nucleus P The directed movement of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase II core complex from the cytoplasm into the nucleus.
44377 RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding, bending F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II and distorting the original structure of DNA, typically a straight helix, into a bend, or increasing the bend if the original structure was intrinsically bent due to its sequence.
44378 non-sequence-specific DNA binding, bending F The activity of binding selectively and non-covalently to DNA in a sequence-independent manner and distorting the original structure of DNA, typically a straight helix, into a bend, or increasing the bend if the original structure was intrinsically bent due to its sequence.
44379 protein localization to actin cortical patch P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, an actin cortical patch.
44380 protein localization to cytoskeleton P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the cytoskeleton.
44381 glucose import in response to insulin stimulus P The directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell as a result of an insulin stimulus.
44382 CLRC ubiquitin ligase complex localization to heterochromatin P The process by which a CLRC ubiquitin ligase complex is transported to, or maintained in, heterochromatin. CLRC ubiquitin ligase complex is an active cullin-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase complex essential for heterochromatin assembly by RNAi and histone H3K9 methylation.
44383 host chromosome C A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information, occurring within a host cell.
44384 host outer membrane C The external membrane of Gram-negative bacteria or certain organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts; freely permeable to most ions and metabolites, occurring in a host cell.
44385 integral to membrane of host cell C Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. When used to describe a protein, indicates that all or part of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane. Occurring in a host cell.
44386 integral to host endoplasmic reticulum membrane C Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of an endoplasmic reticulum membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. Occurring in a host cell.
44387 negative regulation of protein kinase activity by regulation of protein phosphorylation P The stopping, prevention, or reduction in frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity as a result of regulating the phosphorylation status of that protein kinase.
44388 small protein activating enzyme binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a small protein activating enzyme, such as ubiquitin-activating enzyme.
44389 ubiquitin-like protein ligase binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a ubiquitin-like protein ligase, such as ubiquitin-ligase.
44390 ubiquitin-like protein conjugating enzyme binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a ubiquitin-like protein conjugating enzyme such as ubiquitin conjugating enzyme.
44391 ribosomal subunit C Either of the two subunits of a ribosome: the ribosomal large subunit or the ribosomal small subunit.
44392 peptidyl-lysine malonylation P The addition of a malonyl group (CO-CH2-CO) to peptidyl-lysine to form N6-malonyl-L-lysine.
44393 microspike C A dynamic, actin-rich projection extending from the surface of a migrating animal cell.
44394 protein malonylation P The modification of a protein amino acid by the addition of a malonyl (CO-CH2-CO) group.
44395 protein targeting to vacuolar membrane P The process of directing proteins towards the vacuolar membrane; usually uses signals contained within the protein.
44396 actin cortical patch organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level and results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an actin cortical patch, a discrete actin-containing structure found at the plasma membrane in cells, at sites of endocytosis.
44397 actin cortical patch internalization P A process of actin cortical patch localization in which the patch moves from the cell surface to the inside of the cell.
44398 envenomation resulting in induction of edema in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the swelling of soft tissues of the bitten organism as a result of excess water accumulation.
44399 multi-species biofilm formation P A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms of different species grow at a liquid-air interface or on a solid substrate under the flow of a liquid and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription.
44400 multi-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate P A process in which microorganisms of different species attach to and grow on an inanimate surface such as a rock or pipe and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription.
44401 multi-species biofilm formation in or on host organism P A process in which microorganisms of different species attach to and grow in or on a host species, and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation, resulting in a change in the microorganisms' growth rate and gene transcription. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
44402 competition with other organism P Any process in which an organism within a multispecies community gains an advantage in growth or survival over another organism of a different species in that community.
44403 symbiosis, encompassing mutualism through parasitism P An interaction between two organisms living together in more or less intimate association. Microscopic symbionts are often referred to as endosymbionts. The various forms of symbiosis include parasitism, in which the association is disadvantageous or destructive to one of the organisms; mutualism, in which the association is advantageous, or often necessary to one or both and not harmful to either; and commensalism, in which one member of the association benefits while the other is not affected. However, mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism are often not discrete categories of interactions and should rather be perceived as a continuum of interaction ranging from parasitism to mutualism. In fact, the direction of a symbiotic interaction can change during the lifetime of the symbionts due to developmental changes as well as changes in the biotic/abiotic environment in which the interaction occurs.
44405 recognition of host P The set of specific processes that allow an organism to detect the presence of its host via physical or chemical signals. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
44406 adhesion of symbiont to host P The attachment of a symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc., either directly or indirectly. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
44407 single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism P A process in which microorganisms of the same species attach to and grow in or on a host species, and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation, resulting in a change in the microorganisms' growth rate and gene transcription. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
44409 entry into host P Penetration by an organism into the body, tissues, or cells of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
44410 entry into host through natural portals P Penetration by an organism into its host organism via naturally occurring openings in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
44411 entry into host through host barriers P Penetration by an organism into its host organism via active breaching of the physical barriers of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
44413 avoidance of host defenses P Any process, either constitutive or induced, by which an organism evades, suppresses or tolerates the effects of its host organism's defense(s). Host defenses may be induced by the presence of the organism or may be preformed (e.g. physical barriers). The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
44414 suppression of host defenses P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host defense(s) by active mechanisms that normally result in the shutting down of a host pathway. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
44415 evasion or tolerance of host defenses P Any process, either active or passive, by which an organism avoids or tolerates the effects of its host organism's defense(s). Host defenses may be induced by the presence of the organism or may be preformed (e.g. physical barriers). The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
44416 induction by symbiont of host defense response P The activation by an organism of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
44417 translocation of molecules into host P The directed movement of a molecule(s) produced by an organism to a location inside its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
44418 translocation of DNA into host P The directed movement of DNA from an organism to a location inside its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
44419 interspecies interaction between organisms P Any process in which an organism has an effect on an organism of a different species.
44420 extracellular matrix component C Any constituent part of the extracellular matrix, the structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support for cells or tissues; may be completely external to the cell (as in animals) or be part of the cell (as often seen in plants).
44421 extracellular region part C Any constituent part of the extracellular region, the space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers constituent parts of the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
44422 organelle part C Any constituent part of an organelle, an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes constituent parts of the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, but excludes the plasma membrane.
44423 virion part C Any constituent part of a virion, a complete fully infectious extracellular virus particle.
44424 intracellular part C Any constituent part of the living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm.
44425 membrane part C Any constituent part of a membrane, a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins.
44426 cell wall part C Any constituent part of the cell wall, the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal, and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.
44427 chromosomal part C Any constituent part of a chromosome, a structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information.
44428 nuclear part C Any constituent part of the nucleus, a membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated.
44429 mitochondrial part C Any constituent part of a mitochondrion, a semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.
44430 cytoskeletal part C Any constituent part of the cytoskeleton, a cellular scaffolding or skeleton that maintains cell shape, enables some cell motion (using structures such as flagella and cilia), and plays important roles in both intra-cellular transport (e.g. the movement of vesicles and organelles) and cellular division. Includes constituent parts of intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, and the microtrabecular lattice.
44431 Golgi apparatus part C Any constituent part of the Golgi apparatus, a compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack.
44432 endoplasmic reticulum part C Any constituent part of the endoplasmic reticulum, the irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae.
44433 cytoplasmic vesicle part C Any constituent part of cytoplasmic vesicle, a vesicle formed of membrane or protein, found in the cytoplasm of a cell.
44434 chloroplast part C Any constituent part of a chloroplast, a chlorophyll-containing plastid with thylakoids organized into grana and frets, or stroma thylakoids, and embedded in a stroma.
44435 plastid part C Any constituent part of a plastid, a member of a family of organelles found in the cytoplasm of plants and some protists, which are membrane-bounded and contain DNA. Plant plastids develop from a common type, the proplastid.
44436 thylakoid part C Any constituent part of a thylakoid, a sac-like vesicle that bears the photosynthetic pigments in photosynthetic organisms.
44437 vacuolar part C Any constituent part of a vacuole, a closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material.
44438 microbody part C Any constituent part of a microbody, a cytoplasmic organelle, spherical or oval in shape, that is bounded by a single membrane and contains oxidative enzymes, especially those utilizing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
44439 peroxisomal part C Any constituent part of a peroxisome, a small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules; contains some enzymes that produce and others that degrade hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
44440 endosomal part C Any constituent part of an endosome, a membrane-bounded organelle to which materials ingested by endocytosis are delivered.
44441 ciliary part C Any constituent part of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole.
44443 pilus part C Any constituent part of a pilus, a proteinaceous hair-like appendage on the surface of bacteria ranging from 2-8 nm in diameter.
44444 cytoplasmic part C Any constituent part of the cytoplasm, all of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
44445 cytosolic part C Any constituent part of cytosol, that part of the cytoplasm that does not contain membranous or particulate subcellular components.
44446 intracellular organelle part C A constituent part of an intracellular organelle, an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes constituent parts of the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton but excludes the plasma membrane.
44447 axoneme part C Any constituent part of an axoneme, the bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of cilia (also called flagella) in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements.
44448 cell cortex part C Any constituent part of the cell cortex, the region of a cell that lies just beneath the plasma membrane and often, but not always, contains a network of actin filaments and associated proteins.
44449 contractile fiber part C Any constituent part of a contractile fiber, a fiber composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins, found in cells of smooth or striated muscle.
44450 microtubule organizing center part C Any constituent part of a microtubule organizing center, a region in a eukaryotic cell, such as a centrosome or basal body, from which microtubules grow.
44451 nucleoplasm part C Any constituent part of the nucleoplasm, that part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.
44452 nucleolar part C Any constituent part of a nucleolus, a small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis.
44453 nuclear membrane part C Any constituent part of the nuclear membrane, the envelope that surrounds the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
44454 nuclear chromosome part C Any constituent part of a nuclear chromosome, a chromosome that encodes the nuclear genome and is found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell during the cell cycle phases when the nucleus is intact.
44455 mitochondrial membrane part C Any constituent part of a mitochondrial membrane, either of the lipid bilayers that surround the mitochondrion and form the mitochondrial envelope.
44456 synapse part C Any constituent part of a synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell.
44457 cell septum part C Any constituent part of a cell septum, a structure composed of peptidoglycan and often chitin in addition to other materials. It usually forms perpendicular to the long axis of a cell or hypha and grows centripetally from the cell wall to the center of the cell and often functions in the compartmentalization of a cell into two daughter cells.
44458 motile cilium assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a motile cilium.
44459 plasma membrane part C Any constituent part of the plasma membrane, the membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
44461 bacterial-type flagellum part C Any constituent part of flagellum, a 20 nm diameter filament composed of subunits of flagellin driven passively at its base by a motor powered by the transmembrane proton potential. Examples of this component are found in bacterial species.
44462 external encapsulating structure part C Any constituent part of an external encapsulating structure, a structure that lies outside the plasma membrane and surrounds the entire cell. This does not include the periplasmic space but does include the outer membrane (of gram negative bacteria) or cell wall (of yeast or Gram positive bacteria).
44463 cell projection part C Any constituent part of a cell projection, a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.
44464 cell part C Any constituent part of a cell, the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms.
44465 modulation of sensory perception of pain in other organism P A process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the sensory perception of pain, the series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal, in a different organism.
44466 glutaryl-CoA hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glutaryl-CoA + H2O = CoA + glutarate.
44467 glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor secretion P The regulated release of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor from a cell. Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a small protein that potently promotes the survival of many types of neurons, notably dopaminergic and motor neurons.
44468 envenomation resulting in modulation of blood coagulation in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in the bitten organism.
44469 envenomation resulting in positive regulation of blood coagulation in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant activation, maintenance or an increase in the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in the bitten organism.
44470 envenomation resulting in negative regulation of blood coagulation in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction in the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in the bitten organism.
44471 envenomation resulting in pore formation in membrane of other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a pore complex in a membrane of the bitten organism.
44472 envenomation resulting in modulation of calcium channel activity in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of a calcium channel in the bitten organism.
44473 envenomation resulting in negative regulation of calcium channel activity in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a calcium channel in the bitten organism.
44474 envenomation resulting in negative regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a voltage-gated calcium channel in the bitten organism.
44475 envenomation resulting in negative regulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a high voltage-gated calcium channel in the bitten organism.
44476 envenomation resulting in negative regulation of low voltage-gated calcium channel activity in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a low voltage-gated calcium channel in the bitten organism.
44477 envenomation resulting in negative regulation of platelet aggregation in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction in the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation in the bitten organism.
44478 envenomation resulting in positive regulation of platelet aggregation in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant activation, maintenance or an increase in the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation in the bitten organism.
44479 envenomation resulting in modulation of mast cell degranulation in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of blood mast cell degranulation in the bitten organism.
44480 envenomation resulting in positive regulation of mast cell degranulation in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of blood mast cell degranulation in the bitten organism.
44481 envenomation resulting in proteolysis in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant hydrolysis of proteins in of the bitten organism.
44482 envenomation resulting in blood vessel extracellular matrix damage, causing hemorrhagic damage in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism which causes damage to the extracellular matrix of the blood vessels of the bitten organism, ultimately resulting in hemorrhage in the bitten organism.
44483 envenomation resulting in impairment of hemostasis in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the inhibition of the process of hemostasis - the stopping of bleeding or the arrest of the circulation to an organ or part - in the bitten organism.
44484 envenomation resulting in fibrinolysis in other organism P The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with fibrinolysis, a process that solubilizes fibrin, chiefly by the proteolytic action of plasmin, in the bloodstream of the bitten/stung organism.
44485 envenomation resulting in fibrinogenolysis in other organism P The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with fibrinogenolysis, a process that degrades fibrinogen at a variety of Arg-Lys bonds, thus impairing fibrinogen clotting in the bloodstream of the bitten/stung organism.
44486 modulation of transmission of nerve impulse in other organism P The process in which an organism effects a change in the transmission of a nerve impulse in another organism.
44487 envenomation resulting in modulation of transmission of nerve impulse in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of the transmission of nerve impulses in the bitten organism.
44488 modulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in other organism P Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in another organism.
44489 negative regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in other organism P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in another organism.
44490 positive regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in other organism P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in another organism.
44491 positive regulation of molecular function in other organism P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the function of proteins in a second organism.
44492 envenomation resulting in modulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in the bitten organism.
44493 envenomation resulting in negative regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in the bitten organism.
44494 envenomation resulting in positive regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant activation or increase in the activity of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in the bitten organism.
44495 modulation of blood pressure in other organism P A process by which one organism modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of another organism.
44496 negative regulation of blood pressure in other organism P A process by which one organism decreases the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of another organism.
44497 positive regulation of blood pressure in other organism P A process by which one organism increases the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of another organism.
44498 envenomation resulting in modulation of blood pressure in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of the bitten/stung organism.
44499 envenomation resulting in positive regulation of blood pressure in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant increase of the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of the bitten/stung organism.
44500 envenomation resulting in negative regulation of blood pressure in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant decrease of the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of the bitten/stung organism.
44501 modulation of signal transduction in other organism P The process in which an organism effects a change in a signal transduction process - a cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell - in a second organism.
44502 positive regulation of signal transduction in other organism P A process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a signal transduction process - a cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell - in a second organism.
44503 modulation of G-protein coupled receptor activity in other organism P The process in which an organism effects a change in the activity of a G-protein coupled receptor in a second organism.
44504 modulation of receptor activity in other organism P The process in which an organism effects a change in the activity of a receptor in a second organism.
44505 positive regulation of G-protein coupled receptor activity in other organism P A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a G-protein coupled receptor in a second organism.
44506 modulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in other organism P The process in which an organism effects a change in the activity of a glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 in a second organism.
44507 positive regulation of receptor activity in other organism P A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a receptor in a second organism.
44508 glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor activity F Combining with glucagon-like peptide 1 and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein.
44509 envenomation resulting in modulation of signal transduction in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of signal transduction in the bitten organism.
44510 envenomation resulting in positive regulation of signal transduction in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of signal transduction in the bitten organism.
44511 envenomation resulting in modulation of receptor activity in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of receptor activity in of the bitten organism.
44512 envenomation resulting in modulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in of the bitten organism.
44513 envenomation resulting in modulation of G-protein coupled receptor activity in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of G-protein coupled receptor activity in of the bitten organism.
44514 envenomation resulting in positive regulation of G-protein coupled receptor activity in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of G-protein coupled receptor activity in of the bitten organism.
44515 envenomation resulting in positive regulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in of the bitten organism.
44516 positive regulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in other organism P A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 in a second organism.
44517 modulation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor activity in other organism P The process in which an organism effects a change in the activity of a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor in a second organism.
44518 positive regulation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor activity in other organism P A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor in a second organism.
44519 envenomation resulting in modulation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor activity in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of the activity of a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor in the bitten organism.
44520 envenomation resulting in positive regulation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor activity in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of the activity of a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor in the bitten organism.
44521 envenomation resulting in muscle damage in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with resultant muscle damage in the bitten organism.
44522 envenomation resulting in myocyte killing in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, killing heart myocytes and ultimately resulting in muscle damage in the bitten organism.
44523 envenomation resulting in damage of muscle extracellular matrix in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, damaging the extracellular matrix of muscle cells and ultimately resulting in muscle necrosis in the bitten organism.
44524 protein sulfhydration P The modification of a protein amino acid by the addition of sulfur.
44525 peptidyl-cystine sulfhydration P The modification of a peptidyl-cystine residue in a protein by the addition of sulfur, to form peptidyl-cysteine persulfide.
44526 formation of peptidyl-cystine persulfide by sulphur transfer from free cysteine P The modification of a peptidyl-cystine residue in a protein by the transfer of a sulfur atom from a free cysteine (in the process converting the free cysteine to alanine) to the peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-cysteine persulfide.
44527 formation of peptidyl-cystine persulfide by sulphur transfer from H2S P The modification of a peptidyl-cystine residue in a protein by the direct addition of H2S, followed by the removal of 2 protons to form peptidyl-cysteine persulfide.
44528 regulation of mitochondrial mRNA stability P Any process that modulates the propensity of mitochondrial mRNA molecules to degradation. Includes processes that both stabilize and destabilize mitochondrial mRNAs.
44529 regulation of mitochondrial rRNA stability P Any process that modulates the propensity of mitochondrial rRNA molecules to degradation. Includes processes that both stabilize and destabilize mitochondrial rRNAs.
44530 supraspliceosomal complex C Multicomponent complex of RNA and proteins that is composed of four active spliceosomes, termed native spliceosomes, connected to each other by the pre-mRNA. The supraspliceosome is the nuclear machine where the pre-mRNA processing takes place, like the 5'-end capping, 3'-end cleavage, splicing and editing.
44531 modulation of programmed cell death in other organism P A process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in a second organism.
44532 modulation of apoptotic process in other organism P A process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptosis in a second organism.
44533 positive regulation of apoptotic process in other organism P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death by apoptosis in a second organism.
44534 envenomation resulting in modulation of apoptotic process in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of apoptosis in the bitten organism.
44535 very-long-chain fatty acyl-CoA oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: very-long-chain fatty acyl-CoA (C22 - C24) + O2 = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + hydrogen peroxide.
44536 envenomation resulting in depletion of circulating fibrinogen in other organism P The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a reduction in the quantity of fibrinogen found in the bloodstream of the bitten/stung organism.
44537 regulation of circulating fibrinogen levels P Any process that modulates the quantity of fibrinogen circulating in the bloodstream.
44538 host cell periphery C The part of a cell encompassing the cell cortex, the plasma membrane, and any external encapsulating structures of a host cell.
44539 long-chain fatty acid import P The directed movement of long-chain fatty acids into a cell or organelle. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.
44540 L-cystine L-cysteine-lyase (deaminating) F Catalysis of the reaction: L-cystine + H2O <=> pyruvate + NH3 + thiocysteine. Thiocysteine is also known as cysteine persulfide.
44541 zymogen activation in other organism P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the proteolytic processing of an inactive enzyme to an active form in another organism.
44542 plasminogen activation in other organism P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the processing of inactive plasminogen to active plasmin in another organism.
44543 envenomation resulting in zymogen activation in other organism P The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the proteolytic processing of an inactive enzyme to an active form.
44544 envenomation resulting in plasminogen activation in other organism P The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the activation of plasminogen into plasmin in the bitten organism. This process includes cleavage at an internal Arg-Val site to form an N-terminal A-chain and C-terminal B-chain held together by a disulfide bond, and can include further proteolytic cleavage events to remove the preactivation peptide.
44545 NSL complex C A histone acetyltransferase complex that catalyzes the acetylation of a histone H4 lysine residues at several positions. In human, it contains the catalytic subunit MOF, NSL1/KIAA1267, NSL2/KANSL2, NSL3/KANSL3, MCRS1, PHF20, OGT1, WDR5 and HCF1.
44546 NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the NLRP3 inflammasome complex, occurring at the level of an individual cell.
44547 DNA topoisomerase binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a DNA topoisomerase.
44548 S100 protein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a S100 protein. S100 is a small calcium and zinc binding protein produced in astrocytes that is implicated in Alzheimer's disease, Down Syndrome and ALS.
44549 GTP cyclohydrolase binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a GTP cyclohydrolase.
44550 secondary metabolite biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of secondary metabolites, the compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon.
44551 envenomation resulting in modulation of vasodilation in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with resultant modulation of vasodilation of blood vessels, usually causing a reduction in blood pressure, in the bitten/stung organism.
44552 modulation of vasodilation in other organism P A process by which an organism causes vasodilation of blood vessels, usually causing a reduction in blood pressure, in another organism.
44553 modulation of biological quality in other organism P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological quality in another organism. A biological quality is a measurable attribute of an organism or part of an organism, such as size, mass, shape, color, etc.
44554 modulation of heart rate in other organism P Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of heart contraction of another organism.
44555 negative regulation of heart rate in other organism P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency of heart contraction of another organism.
44556 envenomation resulting in negative regulation of heart rate of other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the negative regulation of the heart rate of the bitten/stung organism.
44557 relaxation of smooth muscle P A process in which the extent of smooth muscle contraction is reduced. Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length.
44558 uterine smooth muscle relaxation P A process in which the extent of smooth muscle contraction is reduced in the uterus.
44559 envenomation resulting in modulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in the bitten/stung organism.
44560 envenomation resulting in modulation of ion channel activity in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of an ion channel in the bitten organism.
44561 modulation of ion channel activity in other organism P Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of an ion channel in another organism.
44562 envenomation resulting in negative regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant negative regulation of the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in the bitten/stung organism.
44563 envenomation resulting in slowing of activation kinetics of voltage-gated potassium channel in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant slowing of the activation kinetics of the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in the bitten/stung organism.
44564 envenomation resulting in occlusion of the pore of voltage-gated potassium channel in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant blocking of a voltage-gated potassium channel, inhibiting the pore's activity, in the bitten/stung organism.
44565 dendritic cell proliferation P The expansion of a dendritic cell population by cell division. A dendritic cell is a cell of hematopoietic origin, typically resident in particular tissues, specialized in the uptake, processing, and transport of antigens to lymph nodes for the purpose of stimulating an immune response via T cell activation.
44566 chondrocyte activation P A change in the morphology or behavior of a chondrocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.
44567 primary cell wall cellulose synthase complex C A large, multimeric protein complex which catalyzes the biosynthesis of cellulose for the plant primary cell wall. In Arabidopsis, contains the essential component proteins CESA1 and -3, and a CESA6-related protein.
44568 secondary cell wall cellulose synthase complex C A large, multimeric protein complex which catalyzes the biosynthesis of cellulose for the plant secondary cell wall. In Arabidopsis, contains the essential component proteins CESA8, CESA7, and CESA4.
44569 [Ni-Fe] hydrogenase complex C A microbial enzyme complex which contains nickel and iron in its active site. In Acetomicrobium flavidum it is an alpha 2 beta 2 tetramer.
44570 starch utilization system complex C A bacterial cell envelope-associated multiprotein system, which binds and degrades starch.
44571 [2Fe-2S] cluster assembly P The incorporation of two iron atoms and two sulfur atoms into an iron-sulfur cluster.
44572 [4Fe-4S] cluster assembly P The incorporation of four iron atoms and four sulfur atoms into an iron-sulfur cluster.
44573 nitrogenase P cluster assembly P The biochemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a P-cluster of a nitrogenase, a high-nuclearity, Fe/S-only cluster that can be viewed as two [4Fe-4S] sub-clusters sharing a gamma-6-sulfide.
44574 starch utilization system complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the starch utilization system complex, a complex of cell envelope-associated proteins that degrades glycan.
44575 cellulosome assembly P The assembly of a cellulosome, a macromolecular multi-enzyme complex in bacteria that facilitates the breakdown of cellulase, hemicellulase and pectin in the plant cell wall.
44576 pentose catabolic process to ethanol P The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pentose, any monosaccharide with a chain of five carbons, where one of the resulting products is ethanol.
44577 xylose catabolic process to ethanol P The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xylose, an aldopentose, where one of the resulting products is ethanol.
44578 butyryl-CoA biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathway resulting in the formation of butyryl-CoA.
44579 butyryl-CoA biosynthetic process from acetyl-CoA P The chemical reactions and pathway resulting in the formation of butyryl-CoA, starting from acetyl-CoA.
44580 butyryl-CoA catabolic process P The chemical reactions a resulting in the resulting in the breakdown of butyryl-CoA.
44581 butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butyrate P The chemical reactions a resulting in the resulting in the breakdown of butyryl-CoA to form butyrate.
44582 butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butanol P The chemical reactions a resulting in the resulting in the breakdown of butyryl-CoA to form butanol.
44583 cellotriose binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cellotriose.
44584 cellodextrin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cellodextrin, a glucose polymer of 2 or more glucose monomers.
44585 cellobiose binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cellobiose, a disaccharide that represents the basic repeating unit of cellulose.
44586 cellotetraose binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cellotetraose, an oligosaccharide consisting of four glucose residues resulting from hydrolysis of cellulose.
44587 cellopentaose binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cellopentaose, an oligosaccharide consisting of four glucose residues resulting from hydrolysis of cellulose.
44588 laminaribiose binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with laminaribiose, a disaccharide.
44589 pectin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with pectin.
44590 iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with iron molybdenum cofactor, the cofactor located at the active site of the molybdenum nitrogenase.
44591 response to amylopectin P A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of amylopectin stimulus.
44592 response to pullulan P A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of pullulan stimulus.
44593 iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor assembly P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor, the cofactor located at the active site of the molybdenum nitrogenase.
44594 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a 17-beta-hydroxysteroid + NAD+ = a 17-oxosteroid + NADH + H+.
44595 decaprenyldihydroxybenzoate methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-decaprenyl-4,5-dihydroxybenzoate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3-decaprenyl-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoate.
44596 3-demethylubiquinone-10 3-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-demethylubiquinone-10 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + ubiquinone-10.
44597 daunorubicin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving daunorubicin, a chemotherapeutic of the anthracycline family that is given as a treatment for some types of cancer.
44598 doxorubicin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving doxorubicin, an anthracycline antibiotic, used in cancer chemotherapy.
44599 AP-5 adaptor complex C An AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that in humans consists of beta5, zeta, mu5 and sigma5 subunits and is found associated with membranes in the endosomes; it is not clear whether AP-5 forms clathrin coats in vivo.
44600 protein guanylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + protein = diphosphate + guanylyl-protein; mediates the addition of an guanylyl (guanosine 5'-monophosphate; GMP group) to specific residues of target proteins.
44601 protein denucleotidylation P The removal of a nucleotide from a protein amino acid.
44602 protein deadenylylation P The removal of an adenylyl group (adenosine 5'-monophosphate; AMP) from a protein amino acid.
44603 protein adenylylhydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: adenylyl-protein+ H2O = adenylate + protein; mediates the removal of an adenylyl (adenosine 5'-monophosphate; AMP group) from specific residues of target proteins.
44604 phytochelatin transmembrane transporter ATPase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + phytochelatin (in) = ADP + phosphate + phytochelatin (out).
44605 phosphocholine transferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-choline + protein-serine = CMP + protein-serine-choline phosphate.
44606 phosphocholine hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: protein-serine-choline phosphate + H2O = protein-serine + choline phosphate.
44607 disruption by symbiont of host endothelial cells P Any process in which an organism has a negative effect on the functioning of the host's endothelial cells.
44608 peptidyl-L-threonine methyl ester biosynthetic process from peptidyl-threonine P The modification of a C-terminal peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-L-threonine methyl ester.
44609 DBIRD complex C A protein complex that associates with mRNP particles and RNA polymerase II and is proposed to integrate transcript elongation with the regulation of alternative splicing. In humans it is composed of the proteins KIAA1967/DBC1 and ZNF326/ZIRD.
44610 FMN transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of flavine mononucleotide (FMN) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
44611 nuclear pore inner ring C A subcomplex of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) that forms the inner rings of the core scaffold, a lattice-like structure that gives the NPC its shape and strength. In S. cerevisiae, the two inner rings are each composed of Nup192p, Nup188p, Nup170p and Nup157p. In vertebrates, the two inner rings are each composed of Nup205, Nup188 and Nup155. Components are arranged in 8-fold symmetrical 'spokes' around the central transport channel. A single 'spoke', can be isolated and is sometimes referred to as the Nup170 complex.
44612 nuclear pore linkers C A substructure of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) that serves to connect members of the central transport channel (composed of FG-nucleoporins) to the core scaffold (composed of the inner and outer NPC rings). In S. cerevisiae, the linkers are Nic96p and Nup82p. In vertebrates, they are Nup93 and Nup88. Components are arranged in 8-fold symmetrical 'spokes' around the central transport channel. Both linkers can be isolated in association with specific FG-nucleoporins, complexes that are sometimes referred to as the Nic96 complex (Nic96p-Nsp1p-Nup49p-Nup57p) and the Nup82 complex (Nup82p-Nup116p-Nup159p-Gle2p).
44613 nuclear pore central transport channel C The central substructure of the nuclear pore complex (NPC), through which nucleocytoplasmic transport of RNAs, proteins and small molecules occurs. The central transport channel is filled with FG-nucleoporins, which form a selective barrier and provide a series of binding sites for transporter proteins. Characterized S. cerevisiae FG-nucleoporins include Nup159p, Nup145Np, Nup116p, Nup100p, Nsp1p, Nup57p, Nup49p, Nup42p, Nup53p, Nup59p/Asm4p, Nup60p and Nup1. Characterized vertebrate FG-nucleoporins include Nup214, Nup98, Nup62, Nup54, Nup58/45, NLP1, and Nup153.
44614 nuclear pore cytoplasmic filaments C Filamentous extensions on cytoplasmic face of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). In S. cerevisiae, Nup159p, Nup82p, and Nup42p contribute to the cytoplasmic filaments. In vertebrates, Nup358 is a major component.
44615 nuclear pore nuclear basket C A filamentous, cage-like assembly on the nuclear face of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). In S. cerevisiae, Mlp1p and Mlp2p are two major components of the NPC nuclear basket. In vertebrates, Tpr is a major component.
44616 modulation of relaxation of muscle in other organism P The process in which an organism effects a change in the relaxation of muscle in a second organism.
44617 modulation of relaxation of smooth muscle in other organism P The process in which an organism effects a change in the relaxation of smooth muscle in a second organism.
44618 modulation of relaxation of uterine smooth muscle in other organism P The process in which an organism effects a change in the relaxation of smooth muscle in the uterus of a second organism.
44619 positive regulation of relaxation of uterine smooth muscle in other organism P The process in which an organism increases the extent of relaxation of smooth muscle in the uterus of a second organism.
44620 ACP phosphopantetheine attachment site binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the attachment site of the phosphopantetheine prosthetic group of an acyl carrier protein (ACP).
44621 modulation of cell migration in other organism P The process in which an organism effects a change in the process of cell migration in a second organism.
44622 negative regulation of cell migration in other organism P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration in a second organism.
44623 positive regulation of cell migration in other organism P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration in a second organism.
44624 envenomation resulting in modulation of cell migration in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the modulation of cell migration in the bitten organism.
44625 envenomation resulting in negative regulation of cell migration in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the negative regulation of cell migration in the bitten organism.
44626 envenomation resulting in positive regulation of cell migration in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the positive regulation of cell migration in the bitten organism.
44627 modulation of complement activation, classical pathway in other organism P A process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the classical pathway of complement activation, in a different organism.
44628 positive regulation of complement activation, classical pathway in other organism P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the classical pathway, in a different organism.
44629 negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway in other organism P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the classical pathway, in a different organism.
44630 modulation of complement activation, lectin pathway in other organism P A process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the lectin pathway of complement activation, in a different organism.
44631 positive regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway in other organism P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the lectin pathway, in a different organism.
44632 negative regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway in other organism P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of complement activation by the lectin pathway, in a different organism.
44633 modulation of complement activation, alternative pathway in other organism P A process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation, via the alternative pathway, in a different organism.
44634 negative regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway in other organism P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the alternative pathway, in a different organism.
44635 positive regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway in other organism P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the alternative pathway, in a different organism.
44636 envenomation resulting in modulation of complement activation, classical pathway in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the regulation of complement activation via the classical pathway of the bitten/stung organism.
44637 envenomation resulting in negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the negative regulation of complement activation via the classical pathway of the bitten/stung organism.
44638 envenomation resulting in positive regulation of complement activation, classical pathway in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the positive regulation of complement activation via the classical pathway of the bitten/stung organism.
44639 envenomation resulting in modulation of complement activation, lectin pathway in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of complement activation via the lectin pathway in the bitten/stung organism.
44640 envenomation resulting in negative regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant negative regulation of complement activation via the lectin pathway in the bitten/stung organism.
44641 envenomation resulting in positive regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of complement activation via the lectin pathway in the bitten/stung organism.
44642 envenomation resulting in modulation of complement activation, alternative pathway in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of complement activation via the alternative pathway in the bitten/stung organism.
44643 envenomation resulting in positive regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of complement activation via the alternative pathway in the bitten/stung organism.
44644 envenomation resulting in negative regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant negative regulation of complement activation via the alternative pathway in the bitten/stung organism.
44645 modulation of complement activation in other organism P A process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation in a different organism.
44646 envenomation resulting in modulation of complement activation in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of complement activation in the bitten/stung organism.
44647 host-symbiont bicellular tight junction C An occluding cell-cell junction formed between the membranes of the apical end of an invading cell (e.g. a merozoite in Plasmodium) and a host target cell (e.g. erythrocyte for Plasmodium infection). The junction is a stable yet dynamic structure that moves around the symbiont cell during invasion, enclosing it in a vacuole surrounded by a membrane.
44648 histone H3-K4 dimethylation P The modification of histone H3 by addition of two methyl groups to lysine at position 4 of the histone.
44649 envenomation resulting in cytolysis in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with cytolysis in the bitten organism.
44650 adhesion of symbiont to host cell P The attachment of a symbiont to a host cell via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc., either directly or indirectly.
44651 adhesion of symbiont to host epithelial cell P The attachment of a symbiont to a host epithelial cell via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc., either directly or indirectly.
44652 adhesion of symbiont to host endothelial cell P The attachment of a symbiont to a host endothelial cell via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc., either directly or indirectly.
44653 dextrin alpha-glucosidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dextrin + H2O = alpha-D-glucose.
44654 starch alpha-glucosidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: starch + H2O = alpha-D-glucose.
44655 phagosome reneutralization P Any process that increases the pH of the phagosome, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion, as part of the process of phagosome maturation.
44656 regulation of post-lysosomal vacuole size P Any process that modulates the volume of a post-lysosomal vacuole, a membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle formed late in the endocytic pathway when the pH in the vacuole becomes neutral prior to exocytosis.
44657 pore formation in membrane of other organism during symbiotic interaction P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components by an organism to form a pore complex in a membrane of another organism, occurring as part of a symbiotic interaction.
44658 pore formation in membrane of host by symbiont P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components by an organism to form a pore complex in a membrane of a host organism.
44659 cytolysis by virus of host cell P The killing by a virus of a cell in its host organism by means of the rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm.
44660 cytolysis by virus via pore formation in host cell membrane P The killing by a virus of a cell in its host organism by cytolysis, caused by the formation by the virus of pores in its host cell membrane.
44661 disruption by virus of host cell P A process by which a virus has a negative effect on the functioning of the host's cell.
44662 disruption by virus of host cell membrane P A process by which a virus has a negative effect on the functioning of a host cellular membrane.
44663 establishment or maintenance of cell type involved in phenotypic switching P A cellular process of the specification, formation or maintenance of an alternative cell type, occurring as part of the process of phenotypic switching. Phenotypic switching begins with changes in cell morphology and altered gene expression patterns and ends when the morphology of a population of cells has reverted back to the default state, accompanied by altered expression patterns.
44665 MLL1/2 complex C A protein complex that can methylate lysine-4 of histone H3, and which contains either of the protein subunits MLL1 or MLL2 in human, or equivalent in other species.
44666 MLL3/4 complex C A protein complex that can methylate lysine-4 of histone H3, and which contains either of the protein subunits MLL3 or MLL4 in mammals, or equivalent in other species.
44667 (R)-carnitine:4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate antiporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: (R)-carnitine(out) + 4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate(in) = (R)-carnitine(in) + 4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate(out).
44668 sodium:malonate symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sodium(out)+ malonate(out) = sodium(in) + malonate(in).
44669 sodium:galactoside symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sodium(out)+ galactoside(out) = sodium(in) + galactoside(in).
44670 sodium:alanine symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sodium(out)+ alanine(out) = sodium(in) + alanine(in).
44671 sorocarp spore cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a sorocarp spore cell, a cell of the sorocarp sorus. A sorocarp is the fruiting body characteristic of certain cellular slime moulds (e.g., Dictyosteliida) and consists of both stalk and a sorus (spore mass).
44672 acetyl-CoA decarbonylase/synthase-carbon monoxide dehydrogenase complex C A multifunctional enzyme complex composed of five different polypeptides that catalyzes the decarbonylation of acetyl-CoA, cleaves the C-C and C-S bonds in the acetyl moiety of acetyl-CoA, oxidizes the carbonyl group to CO2 and transfers the methyl group to tetrahydrosarcinapterin. These reactions are important for methanogenesis.
44673 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin synthase complex C A heterodimer which catalyses the reaction of 5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate to form 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin (FO), an intermediate of coenzyme F420.
44674 methyl coenzyme M reductase complex C A hexameric complex consisting of three polypeptides in an alpha2beta2gamma2 arrangement. Involved in the reduction of the coenzyme M-bound methyl group to methane, which is the final step in methanogenesis.
44675 formyl-methanofuran dehydrogenase (tungsten enzyme) complex C A protein complex consisting of four polypeptides which also contains tungsten, a molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide, and iron-sulfur clusters. This protein complex catalyzes the reversible conversion of CO2 and methanofuran to formylmethanofuran during methanogenesis.
44676 formyl-methanofuran dehydrogenase (molybdenum enzyme) complex C A protein complex consisting of three polypeptides which also contains molybdenum, a molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide and iron-sulfur clusters. This protein complex catalyzes the reversible conversion of CO2 and methanofuran to formylmethanofuran during methanogenesis.
44677 methyl-tetrahydromethanopterin:coenzyme M methyltransferase complex C A protein complex consisted of eight polypeptides. This complex catalyzes the formation of methyl-coenzyme M and H4MPT from N5-methyl-H4MPT and CoM during methanogenesis.
44678 CoB-CoM heterodisulfide reductase complex C A protein complex that in Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum is composed of six subunits, and in Methanosarcina barkeri contains is composed of either two subunits or nine subunits. Catalyzes the conversion of coenzyme B, coenzyme M, and methanophenazine to form N-{7-[(2-sulfoethyl)dithio]heptanoyl}-3-O-phospho-L-threonine and dihydromethanophenazine.
44679 methanophenazine reducing hydrogenase complex C A protein complex which catalyzes the conversion of methanophenazine and hydrogen to form dihydromethanophenazine. This typically consists of three polypeptides
44680 methylthiol:coenzyme M methyltransferase complex C A protein complex of two polypeptides which catalyzes the transfer of methyl group from methylthiol to coenzyme M during methanogenesis.
44681 sulfopyruvate decarboxylase complex C A complex of two polypeptides which form a dodecamer (A6B6). Catalyzes the decarboxylation of sulfopyruvic acid to sulfoacetaldehyde. This reaction is involved in coenzyme M biosynthesis.
44682 archaeal-specific GTP cyclohydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O <=> 7,8-dihydro-D-neopterin 2',3'-cyclic phosphate + diphosphate +formate + H+. This activity is part of the biosynthesis of methanopterin in Archaea, and requires Fe2+.
44683 methylthiol:coenzyme M methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the overall reaction: methyl-Co(III) methylated-thiol-specific corrinoid protein + coenzyme M = Co(I) methylated--thiol-specific corrinoid protein + methyl-CoM.
44684 dihydromethanopterin reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydromethanopterin + NADPH = 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + NADP.
44685 tetrahydromethanopterin-dependent serine hydroxymethyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: tetrahydromethanopterin + L-serine = 5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin + glycine + H2O.
44686 cysteate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-phosphoserine + SO32- = L-cysteate + HPO4-.
44687 geranylfarnesyl diphosphate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeranyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = (2E,6E,10E,14E)-geranylfarnesyl diphosphate + diphosphate.
44688 7,8-dihydro-D-neopterin 2',3'-cyclic phosphate phosphodiesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydro-D-neopterin 2',3'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = 7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-phosphate + H+.
44689 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil + 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + H2O = 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin + 2 5'-deoxyadenosine + 2 L-methionine + oxalate + ammonia + 4 H+.
44690 methionine import P The directed movement of methionine into a cell or organelle.
44691 tooth eruption P The tooth development process in which the teeth enter the mouth and become visible.
44692 exoribonuclease activator activity F Binds to and increases the activity of an exoribonuclease.
44693 trehalose:proton symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: trehalose(out) + H+(out) = trehalose(in) + H+(in).
44694 pore-mediated entry of viral genome into host cell P Injection by a non-enveloped virus of the viral genome into the host cytoplasm through creation of a pore or channel in the host cell membrane(s). Usually mediated by a viral pore-forming peptide associated with the viral capsid or bacteriophage tail.
44695 Dsc E3 ubiquitin ligase complex C An E3 ubiquitin ligase complex localized to the ER and Golgi membrane. In fission yeast comprises Dsc1, 2, 3 and 4. Involved in the processes of fission yeast sre1 (human SREBP) transcriptional activator proteolytic cleavage, the multivesicular body (MVB) pathway, and a post-endoplasmic reticulum pathway for protein catabolism.
44696 killing by virus of host cell by post-segregational killing P The process by which a virus causes the death of daughter cells which do not contain its genes after host cell division, by a mechanism of post-segregational killing (PSK). The extrachromosomal viral DNA consist of two genes; the product of the second is long lived and toxic, while the product of the first is short lived and antagonizes the lethal action of the toxin. Daughter cells that do not contain the viral extrachromosomal element are killed by the long lived toxin, while daughter cells that do contain the viral extrachromosomal element are protected by the action of the short lived antitoxin it encodes.
44697 HICS complex C A multisubunit complex involved in cytokinesis. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae this complex consists of Sho1p, Hof1p, Inn1p and Cyk3p proteins.
44698 morphogenesis of symbiont in host cell P The process in which a symbiont undergoes a change in shape or form, within the host's cell.
44699 single-organism process P A biological process that involves only one organism.
44700 single organism signaling P A signaling process occurring within a single organism.
44702 single organism reproductive process P A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals, involving a single organism.
44703 multi-organism reproductive process P A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals, involving another organism.
44704 single-organism reproductive behavior P The specific behavior of an organism that is associated with reproduction involving a single organism.
44705 multi-organism reproductive behavior P The specific behavior of an organism that is associated with reproduction involving another organism of the same or different species.
44706 multi-multicellular organism process P A multicellular organism process which involves another multicellular organism of the same or different species.
44707 single-multicellular organism process P A biological process occurring within a single, multicellular organism.
44708 single-organism behavior P The specific behavior of a single organism in response to external or internal stimuli.
44710 single-organism metabolic process P A metabolic process - chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances - which involves a single organism.
44711 single-organism biosynthetic process P A biosynthetic process - chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances - involving a single organism.
44712 single-organism catabolic process P A catabolic process - chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances - which involves a single organism.
44713 2-hydroxy-adenosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-adenosine-triphosphate + H2O = 2-hydroxy-adenosine phosphate + diphosphate.
44714 2-hydroxy-(deoxy)adenosine-triphosphate pyrophosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-(deoxy)adenosine-triphosphate + H2O = 2-hydroxy-(deoxy)adenosine phosphate + diphosphate.
44715 8-oxo-dGDP phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction 8-oxo-dGDP + H2O = 8-oxo-dGMP + phosphate.
44716 8-oxo-GDP phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction 8-oxo-GDP + H2O = 8-oxo-GMP + phosphate.
44717 8-hydroxy-dADP phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction8-hydroxy-dADP + H2O = 8-hydroxy-dAMP + phosphate.
44718 siderophore transmembrane transport P The directed movement of siderophores, low molecular weight Fe(III)-chelating substances, from one side of a membrane to the other, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
44719 regulation of imaginal disc-derived wing size P Any process that modulates the size of an imaginal disc-derived wing.
44720 negative regulation of imaginal disc-derived wing size P Any process that reduces the size of an imaginal disc-derived wing.
44721 protein import into peroxisome matrix, substrate release P The process by which the cargo protein is released into the peroxisomal matrix, following translocation across the membrane.
44722 renal phosphate excretion P The elimination by an organism of phosphate ions in the urine.
44723 single-organism carbohydrate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, occurring within a single organism.
44724 single-organism carbohydrate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, occurring within a single organism.
44725 chromatin reprogramming in the zygote P The global reprogramming of epigenetic modifications in the zygote following fertilization. The paternal genome undergoes active DNA demethylation before the first cell division, while the adjacent maternal genome is protected from this process.
44726 protection of DNA demethylation of female pronucleus P The protection of the maternal genome from DNA demethylation in the zygote following fertilization.
44727 DNA demethylation of male pronucleus P The active DNA demethylation of the paternal genome that takes place before the first cell division.
44728 DNA methylation or demethylation P The process of adding or removing a methyl group from one or more nucleotides within an DNA molecule.
44729 hemi-methylated DNA-binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded hemi-methylated DNA at replication foci (one strand methylated, while the other strand is unmethylated). Methylation of cytosine or adenine in DNA is an important mechanism for establishing stable heritable epigenetic marks.
44730 bone sialoprotein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a bone sialoprotein, an extracellular matrix glycoprotein found on the surface of bones and dentin.
44731 Ost-alpha/Ost-beta complex C A heterodimeric protein complex composed of Ost-alpha/SLC51A and Ost-beta/SLC51B subunits and involved in bile acid transport activity.
44732 mitotic spindle pole body C The microtubule organizing center that forms as part of the mitotic cell cycle; functionally homologous to the animal cell centrosome.
44733 envenomation resulting in modulation of acid-sensing ion channel activity in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of an acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) in the bitten organism.
44734 envenomation resulting in positive regulation of acid-sensing ion channel activity in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant positive regulation in the activity of an acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) in the bitten organism.
44735 envenomation resulting in negative regulation of acid-sensing ion channel activity in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant negative regulation in the activity of an acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) in the bitten organism.
44736 acid-sensing ion channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a sodium ion by a neuronal, voltage-insensitive channel that opens when a an extracellular proton has been bound by the channel complex.
44737 modulation of acid-sensing ion channel in other organism P Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of an acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) in another organism.
44738 negative regulation of acid-sensing ion channel in other organism P Any process in which an organism negatively regulates the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in another organism.
44739 positive regulation of acid-sensing ion channel in other organism P Any process in which an organism positively regulates the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in another organism.
44740 negative regulation of sensory perception of pain in other organism P A process that negatively regulates the sensory perception of pain in a different organism.
44741 envenomation resulting in negative regulation of sensory perception of pain in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the inhibition of the sensory perception of pain in the bitten organism.
44742 envenomation resulting in modulation of sensory perception of pain in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the modulation of the sensory perception of pain in the bitten organism.
44743 intracellular protein transmembrane import P The directed movement of proteins into an intracellular organelle, across a membrane.
44744 protein targeting to nucleus P The process of directing proteins towards the nucleus, usually using signals contained within the protein.
44745 amino acid transmembrane import P The directed movement of amino acids into a cell or organelle, across a membrane.
44746 amino acid transmembrane export P The directed movement of amino acids out of a cell or organelle across a membrane.
44747 mature miRNA 3'-end processing P Any process involved in forming distinct miRNA isoforms from a mature miRNA that differ at their 3'-ends.
44748 3'-5'-exoribonuclease activity involved in mature miRNA 3'-end processing F Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 3' terminus of an RNA molecule that contributes to forming distinct miRNA isoforms from a mature miRNA.
44749 high-affinity zinc II ion transmembrane import P The directed, high-affinity movement of zinc (Zn II) ions across a membrane into a cell or organelle. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
44750 high-affinity nickel cation transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the high-affinity transfer of nickel (Ni) cations from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
44751 cellular response to human chorionic gonadotropin stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a human chorionic gonadotropin stimulus.
44752 response to human chorionic gonadotropin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a human chorionic gonadotropin stimulus.
44753 amphisome C An autophagosome formed upon fusion between autophagosomes and endosomes.
44754 autolysosome C A type of secondary lysosome in which a primary lysosome has fused with the outer membrane of an autophagosome. It is involved in the second step of autophagy in which it degrades contents with acidic lysosomal hydrolases.
44755 pantothenate import into cell P The directed movement of pantothenate from outside of a cell into the cytoplasmic compartment. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis.
44756 biotin import into cell P The directed movement of biotin from outside of a cell into the cytoplasmic compartment. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis.
44757 dethiobiotin import into cell P The directed movement of dethiobiotin from outside of a cell into the cytoplasmic compartment. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis.
44758 modulation by symbiont of host synaptic transmission P Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse, in its host organism.
44759 negative regulation by symbiont of host synaptic transmission P Any process in which a symbiont organism decreases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse, in its host organism.
44760 modulation by symbiont of host cholinergic synaptic transmission P Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse via the neurotransmitter choline, in its host organism.
44761 negative regulation by symbiont of host cholinergic synaptic transmission P Any process in which a symbiont organism negatively regulates cholinergic synaptic transmission, communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse via the neurotransmitter choline, in its host organism.
44762 negative regulation by symbiont of host neurotransmitter secretion P Any process in which a symbiont organism negatively regulates the regulated release of a neurotransmitter from a cell in its host organism.
44763 single-organism cellular process P Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, occurring within a single organism.
44764 multi-organism cellular process P Any process that is carried out at the cellular level which involves another organism of the same or different species.
44765 single-organism transport P The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore, involving a single organism.
44766 multi-organism transport P The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore, involving more than one organism.
44767 single-organism developmental process P A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an integrated living unit: an anatomical structure (which may be a subcellular structure, cell, tissue, or organ), or organism over time from an initial condition to a later condition, involving only one organism.
44768 NMS complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an NMS complex. The NMS complex results from the association of two subcomplexes (known as MIND and Ndc80 in Schizosaccharomyces) and is required for kinetochore assembly.
44769 ATPase activity, coupled to transmembrane movement of ions, rotational mechanism F Catalysis of the transfer of ions from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + ion(in) = ADP + phosphate + ion(out), by a rotational mechanism.
44770 cell cycle phase transition P The cell cycle process by which a cell commits to entering the next cell cycle phase.
44771 meiotic cell cycle phase transition P The cell cycle process by which a cell commits to entering the next meiotic cell cycle phase.
44772 mitotic cell cycle phase transition P The cell cycle process by which a cell commits to entering the next mitotic cell cycle phase.
44773 mitotic DNA damage checkpoint P A mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that detects and negatively regulates progression through the cell cycle in response to DNA damage.
44774 mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint P A mitotic cell cycle process that controls cell cycle progression in response to changes in DNA structure by monitoring the integrity of the DNA. The DNA integrity checkpoint begins with detection of DNA damage, defects in DNA structure or DNA replication, and ends with signal transduction.
44775 DNA polymerase III, beta sliding clamp processivity factor complex C A subcomplex of the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme which is responsible for tethering the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase to DNA during high-speed replication. The complex is homodimeric in prokaryotes, and homotrimeric in other species.
44776 DNA polymerase III, core complex C The DNA polymerase III core complex consists of the alpha,epsilon and theta subunits and is carries out the polymerase and the 3'-5' exonuclease proofreading activities.
44777 single-stranded DNA-binding protein complex C A homotetrameric protein complex that is essential for DNA replication. It supercoils the single-stranded DNA preventing DNA duplexing before the polymerase holoenzyme passes and synthesizes the complementary strand. It is also involved in DNA recombination and repair.
44778 meiotic DNA integrity checkpoint P A meiotic cell cycle process that controls cell cycle progression in response to changes in DNA structure by monitoring the integrity of the DNA. The DNA integrity checkpoint begins with detection of DNA damage, defects in DNA structure or DNA replication, and ends with signal transduction.
44779 meiotic spindle checkpoint P A cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition of a meiotic nuclear division until the spindle is correctly assembled and that the chromosomes are attached to the spindle.
44780 bacterial-type flagellum assembly P The assembly of a bacterial-type flagellum, a motor complex composed of an extracellular helical protein filament coupled to a rotary motor embedded in the cell envelope which functions in cell motility.
44781 bacterial-type flagellum organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a bacterial-type flagellum, a motor complex composed of an extracellular helical protein filament coupled to a rotary motor embedded in the cell envelope which functions in cell motility.
44782 cilium organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole.
44783 G1 DNA damage checkpoint P A cell cycle checkpoint that detects and negatively regulates progression from G1 to S phase in the cell cycle in response to DNA damage.
44784 metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle P The cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase as part of the cell cycle.
44785 metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle P The cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase as part of meiosis.
44786 cell cycle DNA replication P The DNA-dependent DNA replication that takes place as part of the cell cycle.
44787 bacterial-type DNA replication P The DNA-dependent DNA replication, exemplified by prokaryotes, that occurs as part of the cell cycle. Prokaryotic DNA replication is bi-directional and originates at a single origin of replication on the circular genome.
44788 modulation by host of viral process P A process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any of a process being mediated by a virus with which it is infected.
44789 modulation by host of viral release from host cell P A process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the release of a virus with which it is infected, from its cells.
44790 negative regulation by host of viral release from host cell P A process in which a host organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the release of a virus with which it is infected, from its cells.
44791 positive regulation by host of viral release from host cell P A process in which a host organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the release of a virus with which it is infected, from its cells.
44793 negative regulation by host of viral process P A process in which a host organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process being mediated by a virus with which it is infected.
44794 positive regulation by host of viral process P A process in which a host organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the release of a process being mediated by a virus with which it is infected.
44795 trans-Golgi network to recycling endosome transport P The directed movement of substances, in membrane-bounded vesicles, from the trans-Golgi network to the recycling endosomes.
44796 DNA polymerase processivity factor complex C A protein complex which is capable of increasing the processivity of nucleotide polymerization by DNA polymerase as a part of DNA replication.
44797 cytoplasmic transcription factor complex C A protein complex, located in the cytoplasm, that is capable of associating with DNA by direct binding, or via other DNA-binding proteins or complexes, and regulating transcription.
44798 nuclear transcription factor complex C A protein complex, located in the nucleus, that is capable of associating with DNA by direct binding, or via other DNA-binding proteins or complexes, and regulating transcription.
44799 NarGHI complex C A heterotrimeric protein complex with iron-sulfur and molybdenum cofactors that functions as a terminal reductase in electron transport pathways that operate during anaerobic nitrate respiration. In E. coli electrons are passed from the FdnGHI complex to the NarGHI complex via menoquinone and menaquinol. Within NarGHI, electrons are passed from the two heme molecules in the NarI subunit down a Fe-S cluster chain in the NarH and NarG subunits to the Molybdenum cofactor, Mo-bisMGD, in the NarG subunit.
44800 multi-organism membrane fusion P The membrane organization process that joins two lipid bilayers to form a single membrane, involving more than one organism.
44801 single-organism membrane fusion P The membrane organization process that joins two lipid bilayers to form a single membrane, involving only one organism.
44802 single-organism membrane organization P A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a membrane, involving only one organism.
44803 multi-organism membrane organization P A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a membrane, involving more than one organism.
44804 nucleophagy P A selective form of autophagy, by which damaged or non-essential parts of the nucleus, or even an entire nucleus is degraded.
44805 late nucleophagy P A type of nucleophagy, distinct from piecemeal microautophagy of the nucleus (PNM) where the nuclear material is delivered to the vacuole/lysosome for breakdown and recycling later than observed for PNM.
44806 G-quadruplex DNA unwinding P The process by which G-quadruplex (also known as G4) DNA, which is a four-stranded DNA structure held together by guanine base pairing, is unwound or 'melted'.
44807 macrophage migration inhibitory factor production P The appearance of macrophage migration inhibitory factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
44808 Oncostatin M production P The appearance of Oncostatin M due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
44809 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 17 production P The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 17 (CCL17) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
44810 Dma1-dependent checkpoint P Mitotic cell cycle spindle checkpoint that negatively regulates cytokinesis and mitotic exit when the spindle does not form.
44811 response to Dma1-dependent checkpoint signaling P A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of Dma1-dependent checkpoint signalling.
44812 fermentative hydrogen production P The fermentation of organic substances with a net release of hydrogen.
44813 glycolytic fermentation via PFOR pathway P The glycolytic fermentation beginning with the anaerobic conversion of glucose to pyruvate by the glycolytic pathway, continuing with pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) activity. This pathway is found in strict anaerobes such as Clostridia species.
44814 glycolytic fermentation via PFL pathway P The glycolytic fermentation beginning with the anaerobic conversion of glucose to pyruvate by the glycolytic pathway, followed by pyruvate:formate lyase (PFL) activity. This pathway is found in facultative anaerobes such as E. coli.
44815 DNA packaging complex C A protein complex that plays a role in the process of DNA packaging.
44816 Nsk1-Dlc1 complex C A dimer of Nsk1 (nucleolus spindle kinetochore 1) and the dynein light chain, Dlc1. The dimers form an oligomeric chain structure. Functions in the regulation of kinetochore-microtubule interactions and chromosome segregation.
44817 hydrogen generation via biophotolysis P The production of hydrogen which results from the dissociation by light of water into molecular hydrogen and oxygen. This process is observed in cyanobacteria and microalgae.
44818 mitotic G2/M transition checkpoint P A cell cycle checkpoint that detects and negatively regulates progression from G2 to M phase as part of a mitotic cell cycle.
44819 mitotic G1/S transition checkpoint P A cell cycle checkpoint that detects and negatively regulates progression from G1 to S phase as part of a mitotic cell cycle.
44820 mitotic telomere tethering at nuclear periphery P The process in which a telomere is maintained in a specific location at the nuclear periphery, as part of a mitotic cell cycle.
44821 meiotic telomere tethering at nuclear periphery P The process in which a telomere is maintained in a specific location at the nuclear periphery, as part of a meiotic cell cycle.
44822 poly(A) RNA binding F Interacting non-covalently with a poly(A) RNA, an RNA molecule which has a tail of adenine bases.
44823 retroviral integrase activity F Catalysis of the covalent insertion of double-stranded retroviral DNA into host DNA. Proceeds by an endonucleolytic cleavage at each 3'-OH extremity of the viral genome, named 3'-processing, followed by a strand transfer reaction leading to the insertion of the processed viral DNA into the target DNA by a trans-esterification mechanism.
44824 retroviral 3' processing activity F The catalysis of the removal of two di- or tri-nucleotides from each 3' end of double-stranded viral DNA, exposing recessed 3' hydroxyls.
44825 retroviral strand transfer activity F Catalysis of the covalent insertion of processed 3'-viral DNA ends into host chromosomal DNA by a trans-esterification reaction.
44826 viral genome integration into host DNA P The insertion into a host genome of viral DNA, usually by the action of an integrase enzyme. Once integrated, the provirus persists in the host cell and serves as a template for the transcription of viral genes and replication of the viral genome, leading to the production of new viruses.
44827 modulation by host of viral genome replication P A process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.
44828 negative regulation by host of viral genome replication P A process in which a host organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.
44829 positive regulation by host of viral genome replication P A process in which a host organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.
44830 modulation by host of viral RNA genome replication P A process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral RNA genome replication.
44831 modulation by virus of host cytokine production P Any process in which a virus modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytokine production in its host organism.
44832 positive regulation by virus of host cytokine production P The process in which a virus increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytokine production in its host organism.
44833 modulation by virus of host protein transport P Any viral process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein transport in its host organism.
44834 retroviral intasome C A tetramer of retroviral integrase subunits tightly associated with a pair of viral DNA ends. Functions to insert viral DNA into a host cell chromosome.
44835 hydrogen generation via nitrogenase P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of H2 (dihydrogen) which involve a nitrogenase activity as one of the steps. This process is observed in cyanobacteria.
44836 D-xylose fermentation P The anaerobic enzymatic conversion of D-xylose to ethanol, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
44837 actomyosin contractile ring organization P A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an actomyosin contractile ring.
44838 cell quiescence P A specialized resting state that cells enter in response to cues from the cell's environment. Quiescence is characterized by the absence of cell growth and division, by a reprogramming of global gene expression, and by changes characteristic of the organism and specific cell type. Depending on external conditions, quiescence may persist until cell death or cells may resume cell growth and division. In some cell types or under certain conditions, cellular metabolism may proceed.
44839 cell cycle G2/M phase transition P The cell cycle process by which a cell in G2 phase commits to M phase.
44840 gut granule C A lysosome-related organelle contained within the intestinal cells of the nematode C. elegans. Gut granules are acidified, birefringent, autofluorescent, and contain the vacuolar H+-ATPase. They also serve as sites of cellular zinc storage.
44841 gut granule membrane C The membrane of a gut granule, a lysosome-related organelle contained within the intestinal cells of the nematode C. elegans.
44842 gut granule lumen C The lumen of a gut granule, a lysosome-related organelle contained within the intestinal cells of the nematode C. elegans.
44843 cell cycle G1/S phase transition P The cell cycle process by which a cell in G1 phase commits to S phase.
44844 meiotic interphase II P The cell cycle phase which begins at the end of meiosis I cytokinesis and ends when meiosis II prophase begins. During meiotic interphase II no DNA replication takes place, but the centrioles duplicate and spindle fibres emerge.
44845 chain elongation of O-linked mannose residue P Extension of the O-linked mannose residue of a mannoprotein by the stepwise addition of further mannose molecules.
44846 negative regulation by symbiont of indole acetic acid levels in host P Any process in which an organism reduces the indole acetic acid levels in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
44847 iron acquisition by symbiont from host P The process by which a symbiont acquires iron from its host, either from heme or other iron containing molecules such as transferrin and lactoferrin. Begins with either the secretion of symbiont gene products that bind iron- or heme-containing molecules (siderophores and hemophores) from the symbiont cell into the host, or by expression of receptors that bind iron- or heme-containing molecules on the symbiont cell surface. Ends when the iron-containing compound is transported into the symbiont cell.
44848 biological phase P A distinct period or stage in a biological process or cycle.
44849 estrous cycle P A type of ovulation cycle, which occurs in most mammalian therian females, where the endometrium is resorbed if pregnancy does not occur.
44850 menstrual cycle P A type of ovulation cycle where the endometrium is shed if pregnancy does not occur.
44851 hair cycle phase P The cyclical periods of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair; one of the collection or mass of filaments growing from the skin of an animal, and forming a covering for a part of the head or for any part or the whole of the body.
44852 nonrepetitive DNA condensation P The process in which chromatin structure of nonrepetitive regions of DNA is compacted prior to and during mitosis in eukaryotic cells.
44853 plasma membrane raft C A membrane raft that is part of the plasma membrane.
44854 plasma membrane raft assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a plasma membrane raft.
44855 plasma membrane raft distribution P The process that establishes the spatial arrangement of membrane rafts within a plasma membrane.
44856 plasma membrane raft localization P Any process in which plasma membrane rafts are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
44857 plasma membrane raft organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of plasma membrane rafts.
44858 plasma membrane raft polarization P The clustering and aggregation of plasma membrane rafts at a single cellular pole during activation of particular cell types, such as lymphocytes.
44859 protein insertion into plasma membrane raft P The process in which a protein is incorporated into a plasma membrane raft.
44860 protein localization to plasma membrane raft P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a plasma membrane raft.
44861 protein transport into plasma membrane raft P The directed movement of a protein into a plasma membrane raft.
44862 protein transport out of plasma membrane raft P The directed movement of a protein out of a plasma membrane raft.
44863 modulation by virus of host cell division P Any process where an infecting virus modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the physical partitioning and separation of its host's cell into daughter cells.
44864 positive regulation by virus of host cell division P Any process where an infecting virus activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its host's cell division.
44865 negative regulation by virus of host cell division P Any process where an infecting virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its host's cell division.
44866 modulation by host of viral exo-alpha-sialidase activity P The process in which a host organism effects a change in viral exo-alpha-sialidase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a protein.
44867 modulation by host of viral catalytic activity P The process in which a host organism effects a change in the enzyme activity of a virus with which it is infected.
44868 modulation by host of viral molecular function P A process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any molecular function being mediated by a virus with which it is infected.
44869 negative regulation by host of viral exo-alpha-sialidase activity P The process in which a host organism decreases viral exo-alpha-sialidase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a protein.
44870 modulation by host of viral glycoprotein metabolic process P A process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral glycoprotein metabolic process.
44871 negative regulation by host of viral glycoprotein metabolic process P A process in which a host organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral glycoprotein metabolic process.
44872 lipoprotein localization P Any process in which a lipoprotein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
44873 lipoprotein localization to membrane P A process in which a lipoprotein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in a membrane.
44874 lipoprotein localization to outer membrane P A process in which a lipoprotein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in an outer membrane.
44875 gamma-glutamyl hercynylcysteine sulfoxide synthase F Catalysis of the reaction: gamma-glutamyl cysteine + hercynine + O2 <=> gamma-glutamyl-hercynyl cysteine sulfoxide + H2O.
44876 hercynylselenocysteine synthase F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-selenocysteine + 2 hercynine + O2 <=> 2 H2O + 2 hercynylselenocysteine.
44877 macromolecular complex binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any macromolecular complex.
44878 mitotic cytokinesis checkpoint P A mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that detects a defect in cytokinesis and prevents further rounds of nuclear division until cytokinesis is completed.
44879 morphogenesis checkpoint P A mitotic cell cycle checkpoint which delays mitotic onset in response to perturbations that affect cell shape via the actin cytoskeleton, septin organization, small cell size, and/or the extent of membrane growth.
45002 double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing P Repair of a DSB made between two repeated sequences oriented in the same direction occurs primarily by the single strand annealing pathway. The ends of the break are processed by a 5' to 3' exonuclease, exposing complementary single-strand regions of the direct repeats that can anneal, resulting in a deletion of the unique DNA between the direct repeats.
45003 double-strand break repair via synthesis-dependent strand annealing P SDSA is a major mechanism of double-strand break repair in mitosis which allows for the error-free repair of a double-strand break without the exchange of adjacent sequences. The broken DNA searches for and base pairs with a homologous region in an intact chromosome. DNA synthesis initiates from the 3' end of the invading DNA strand, using the intact chromosome as the template. Newly synthesized DNA is then displaced from the template and anneal with its complement on the other side of the double-strand break.
45004 DNA replication proofreading P Correction of replication errors by DNA polymerase using a 3'-5' exonuclease activity.
45005 DNA-dependent DNA replication maintenance of fidelity P A DNA metabolic process that prevents or corrects errors to ensure that DNA is replicated accurately. Errors can be corrected either by intrinsic DNA polymerase proofreading activity or via mismatch repair.
45006 DNA deamination P The removal of an amino group from a nucleotide base in DNA. An example is the deamination of cytosine to produce uracil.
45007 depurination P The disruption of the bond between the sugar in the backbone and the A or G base, causing the base to be removed and leaving a depurinated sugar.
45008 depyrimidination P The disruption of the bond between the sugar in the backbone and the C or T base, causing the base to be removed and leaving a depyrimidinated sugar.
45009 chitosome C An intracellular membrane-bounded particle found in fungi and containing chitin synthase; it synthesizes chitin microfibrils. Chitin synthase activity exists in chitosomes and they are proposed to act as a reservoir for regulated transport of chitin synthase enzymes to the division septum.
45010 actin nucleation P The initial step in the formation of an actin filament, in which actin monomers combine to form a new filament. Nucleation is slow relative to the subsequent addition of more monomers to extend the filament.
45013 carbon catabolite repression of transcription P A transcription regulation process in which the presence of one carbon source leads to a decrease in the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources. Carbon catabolite repression is a mechanism of genetic regulation which the accumulation of catabolites of one substance in the cell represses the formation of enzymes that contribute to the catabolism of other substances.
45014 negative regulation of transcription by glucose P Any process involving glucose that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of transcription. The presence of glucose in the growth medium inhibits the synthesis of certain enzymes in bacteria growing on the medium. For example, transcription of some catabolic operons is under negative control by specific repressors and glucose is an anti-inducer of xylose utilization and glycerol kinase.
45015 HDEL sequence binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a HDEL sequence, the C terminus tetrapeptide sequence His-Asp-Glu-Leu found in proteins that are to be retained in the endoplasmic reticulum.
45016 mitochondrial magnesium ion transport P The transport of magnesium ions (Mg2+) into, out of or within a mitochondrion. Transport across the mitochondrial membranes is mediated by a mitochondrial inner membrane protein.
45017 glycerolipid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerolipids, any lipid with a glycerol backbone.
45018 retrograde transport, vacuole to Golgi P The directed movement of substances from the vacuole to the trans-Golgi network; this occurs in yeast via the prevacuolar/endosomal compartment.
45019 negative regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide.
45022 early endosome to late endosome transport P The directed movement of substances, in membrane-bounded vesicles, from the early sorting endosomes to the late sorting endosomes; transport occurs along microtubules and can be experimentally blocked with microtubule-depolymerizing drugs.
45023 G0 to G1 transition P The mitotic cell cycle phase transition whose occurrence commits the cell from the G0 quiescent state to the G1 phase. Under certain conditions, cells exit the cell cycle during G1 and remain in the G0 state as nongrowing, non-dividing (quiescent) cells. Appropriate stimulation of such cells induces them to return to G1 and resume growth and division. The G0 to G1 transition is accompanied by many changes in the program of gene expression.
45025 mitochondrial degradosome C A mitochondrial protein complex with 3' to 5' exoribonuclease activity that participates in intron-independent turnover and processing of mitochondrial transcripts. In humans, the mitochondrial degradosome is a pentameric complex, and in yeast it exists as a heterodimer.
45026 plasma membrane fusion P The joining of two or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround a cell.
45027 DNA end binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the ends of DNA that are exposed by the creation of double-strand breaks (DSBs).
45028 G-protein coupled purinergic nucleotide receptor activity F Combining with a purine nucleotide and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
45029 UDP-activated nucleotide receptor activity F Combining with a nucleotide and transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex to initiate a change in cell activity, activated by UDP.
45030 UTP-activated nucleotide receptor activity F Combining with a nucleotide and transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex to initiate a change in cell activity, activated by UTP.
45031 ATP-activated adenosine receptor activity F Combining with adenosine and transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex to initiate a change in cell activity, activated by ATP.
45032 ADP-activated adenosine receptor activity F Combining with adenosine and transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex to initiate a change in cell activity, activated by ADP.
45033 peroxisome inheritance P The acquisition of peroxisomes by daughter cells from the mother cell after replication. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the number of peroxisomes cells is fairly constant; a subset of the organelles are targeted and segregated to the bud in a highly ordered, vectorial process. Efficient segregation of peroxisomes from mother to bud is dependent on the actin cytoskeleton, and active movement of peroxisomes along actin filaments is driven by the class V myosin motor protein, Myo2p.
45035 sensory organ precursor cell division P The series of four asymmetric divisions undergone by the sensory organ precursor cells to generate cells that have distinct cell fates. For example, in the external sensory organ, the precursor cells give rise to one multidendritic neuron and four additional cells (the socket, shaft, sheath cells and the external sense neuron).
45036 protein targeting to chloroplast P The process of directing proteins towards the chloroplast, usually using signals contained within the protein. Imported proteins are synthesized as cytosolic precursors containing N-terminal uptake-targeting sequences that direct each protein to its correct subcompartment and are subsequently cleaved.
45037 protein import into chloroplast stroma P The targeting and import of proteins into the chloroplast stroma. Import depends on ATP hydrolysis catalyzed by stromal chaperones. Chloroplast stromal proteins, such as the S subunit of rubisco, have a N-terminal stromal-import sequence of about 44 amino acids which is cleaved from the protein precursor after import.
45038 protein import into chloroplast thylakoid membrane P The import of proteins into the chloroplast thylakoid membranes. Proteins that are destined for the thylakoid lumen require two uptake-targeting sequences: the first targets the protein to the stroma, and the second targets the protein from the stroma to the thylakoid lumen. Four separate thylakoid-import systems deal with the proteins once they are in the stroma.
45039 protein import into mitochondrial inner membrane P The process comprising the import of proteins into the mitochondrion from outside the organelle and their insertion into the mitochondrial inner membrane. The translocase of the outer membrane complex mediates the passage of these proteins across the outer membrane, after which they are guided by either of two inner membrane translocase complexes into their final destination in the inner membrane.
45040 protein import into mitochondrial outer membrane P The process comprising the insertion of proteins from outside the organelle into the mitochondrial outer membrane, mediated by large outer membrane translocase complexes.
45041 protein import into mitochondrial intermembrane space P The import of proteins into the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes.
45046 protein import into peroxisome membrane P The targeting of proteins into the peroxisomal membrane. The process is not well understood, but both signals and mechanism differ from those involved in peroxisomal matrix protein import.
45047 protein targeting to ER P The process of directing proteins towards the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) using signals contained within the protein. One common mechanism uses a 16- to 30-residue signal sequence, typically located at the N-terminus of the protein and containing positively charged amino acids followed by a continuous stretch of hydrophobic residues, which directs the ribosome to the ER membrane and initiates transport of the growing polypeptide across the ER membrane.
45048 protein insertion into ER membrane P The process that results in incorporation of a protein into an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. It depends on specific topogenic sequences of amino acids that ensure that a protein acquires the proper orientation during its insertion into the ER membrane.
45049 protein insertion into ER membrane by N-terminal cleaved signal sequence P A process of protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in which N-terminal cleaved signal sequences direct polypeptides to the ER.
45050 protein insertion into ER membrane by stop-transfer membrane-anchor sequence P A process of protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in which stop-transfer membrane-anchor sequences become an ER membrane spanning helix.
45051 protein insertion into ER membrane by internal uncleaved signal-anchor sequence P A process of protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in which signal anchor sequences function as both ER signal sequences and membrane anchor sequences.
45052 protein insertion into ER membrane by GPI attachment sequence P A process of protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in which proteins become anchored to the phospholipid bilayer by a covalently attached glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) molecule.
45053 protein retention in Golgi apparatus P The retention of proteins within the Golgi apparatus. Golgi-localized carbohydrate-modifying enzymes have a short N-terminal domain that faces the cytosol, a single transmembrane alpha helix, and a large C-terminal domain that faces the Golgi lumen and that contains the catalytic site. How the membrane-spanning alpha helix in a Golgi enzyme causes its localization and prevents its movement to the plasma membrane is not known.
45054 constitutive secretory pathway P A process of exocytosis found in all eukaryotic cells, in which transport vesicles destined for the plasma membrane leave the trans-Golgi network in a steady stream. Upon exocytosis, the membrane proteins and lipids in these vesicles provide new components for the plasma membrane, and the soluble proteins inside the vesicles are released into the extracellular space.
45055 regulated exocytosis P A process of exocytosis in which soluble proteins and other substances are initially stored in secretory vesicles for later release. It is found mainly in cells that are specialized for secreting products such as hormones, neurotransmitters, or digestive enzymes rapidly on demand.
45056 transcytosis P The directed movement of endocytosed material through the cell and its exocytosis from the plasma membrane at the opposite side.
45057 cisternal progression P The process that results in the physical movement of a new cis-Golgi stack from the cis-position, nearest the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), to the trans position, farthest from the ER, successively becoming first a medial-Golgi cisterna and then a trans-Golgi cisterna.
45058 T cell selection P The process in which T cells that express T cell receptors that are restricted by self MHC protein complexes and tolerant to self antigens are selected for further maturation.
45059 positive thymic T cell selection P The process of sparing immature T cells in the thymus which react with self-MHC protein complexes with low affinity levels from apoptotic death.
45060 negative thymic T cell selection P The process of elimination of immature T cells in the thymus which react strongly with self-antigens.
45061 thymic T cell selection P The process of T cell selection that occurs in the thymus.
45062 extrathymic T cell selection P The process of T cell selection that occurs in extrathymic locations, often resulting T cells of distinct specificities from those selected in the thymus.
45063 T-helper 1 cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires the specialized features of a T-helper 1 (Th1) cell. A Th1 cell is a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has the phenotype T-bet-positive and produces interferon-gamma.
45064 T-helper 2 cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a T-helper 2 (Th2) cell. A Th2 cell is a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has the phenotype GATA-3-positive and produces interleukin-4.
45065 cytotoxic T cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a cytotoxic T cell.
45066 regulatory T cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a regulatory T cell. Regulatory T cells control or suppress immune responses through a variety of mechanisms and subsets include the CD4+CD25+ cell type as well as certain CD8+ cell types.
45067 positive extrathymic T cell selection P The process of sparing extrathymically maturing T cells which react with self-MHC protein complexes with low affinity levels from apoptotic death.
45068 negative extrathymic T cell selection P The process of elimination of extrathymically maturing T cells which react strongly with self-antigens.
45069 regulation of viral genome replication P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.
45070 positive regulation of viral genome replication P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.
45071 negative regulation of viral genome replication P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.
45072 regulation of interferon-gamma biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-gamma.
45073 regulation of chemokine biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chemokines.
45074 regulation of interleukin-10 biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-10.
45075 regulation of interleukin-12 biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-12.
45076 regulation of interleukin-2 biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-2.
45077 negative regulation of interferon-gamma biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-gamma.
45078 positive regulation of interferon-gamma biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-gamma.
45079 negative regulation of chemokine biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chemokines.
45080 positive regulation of chemokine biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chemokines.
45081 negative regulation of interleukin-10 biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-10.
45082 positive regulation of interleukin-10 biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-10.
45083 negative regulation of interleukin-12 biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-12.
45084 positive regulation of interleukin-12 biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-12.
45085 negative regulation of interleukin-2 biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-2.
45086 positive regulation of interleukin-2 biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-2.
45087 innate immune response P Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.
45088 regulation of innate immune response P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the organism's first line of defense against infection.
45089 positive regulation of innate immune response P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the organism's first line of defense against infection.
45091 regulation of single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate.
45092 interleukin-18 receptor complex C A protein complex that binds interleukin-18; comprises an alpha and a beta subunit.
45093 interleukin-18 alpha subunit binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the alpha subunit of interleukin-18. IL-18a is a component of IL-18 that is essential for IL-18 binding on the surface of T-helper 1 cells.
45094 interleukin-18 beta subunit binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the beta subunit of interleukin-18. IL-18b is a ligand non-binding chain and is required for signaling of IL-18 that binds with IL-18a.
45095 keratin filament C A filament composed of acidic and basic keratins (types I and II), typically expressed in epithelial cells. The keratins are the most diverse classes of IF proteins, with a large number of keratin isoforms being expressed. Each type of epithelium always expresses a characteristic combination of type I and type II keratins.
45098 type III intermediate filament C A type of intermediate filament, typically made up of one or more of the proteins vimentin, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and peripherin. Unlike the keratins, the type III proteins can form both homo- and heteropolymeric IF filaments.
45103 intermediate filament-based process P Any cellular process that depends upon or alters the intermediate filament cytoskeleton, that part of the cytoskeleton comprising intermediate filaments and their associated proteins.
45104 intermediate filament cytoskeleton organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising intermediate filaments and their associated proteins.
45105 intermediate filament polymerization or depolymerization P Assembly or disassembly of intermediate filaments by the addition or removal of component parts from a filament.
45106 intermediate filament depolymerization P Disassembly of intermediate filaments by the removal of component monomers from a filament.
45107 intermediate filament polymerization P Assembly of intermediate filaments by the addition of component monomers to a filament. Polymerization of intermediate filament proteins results from interactions among several distinct binding sites on the constituent proteins. Nuclear lamin head-to-tail polymers arise from one such interaction. Deletion analysis localized the binding sites to the ends of the rod domain that are highly conserved among all intermediate filament proteins. Data indicate that one type of interaction in intermediate filament protein polymerization is the longitudinal binding of dimers via the conserved end segments of the coiled-coil rod domain.
45108 regulation of intermediate filament polymerization or depolymerization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly or disassembly of intermediate filaments by the addition or removal of monomers from a filament; this usually occurs through the opposing action of kinases and phosphatases.
45109 intermediate filament organization P Control of the spatial distribution of intermediate filaments; includes organizing filaments into meshworks, bundles, or other structures, as by cross-linking.
45110 intermediate filament bundle assembly P The formation of the bundles of intermediate filaments. Intermediate filament-associated proteins (IFAPs) cross-link intermediate filaments with one another, forming a bundle or a network, and with other cell structures, including the plasma membrane. The organization of intermediate filaments and their supportive function in various cells types depends in large part on their linkage to other cell structures via IFAPs.
45111 intermediate filament cytoskeleton C Cytoskeletal structure made from intermediate filaments, typically organized in the cytosol as an extended system that stretches from the nuclear envelope to the plasma membrane. Some intermediate filaments run parallel to the cell surface, while others traverse the cytosol; together they form an internal framework that helps support the shape and resilience of the cell.
45112 integrin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins, a large family of transmembrane proteins that act as receptors for cell-adhesion molecules.
45113 regulation of integrin biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins.
45114 beta 2 integrin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta 2 integrins, a subfamily of integrins which contain the beta 2 subunit.
45115 regulation of beta 2 integrin biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta 2 integrins.
45116 protein neddylation P Covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8 (RUB1) to another protein.
45117 azole transport P The directed movement of azoles, heterocyclic compounds found in many biologically important substances, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
45118 azole transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of azoles, heterocyclic compound found in many biologically important substances, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
45119 azole:proton antiporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + azole(in) = H+(in) + azole(out). Azoles are heterocyclic compounds found in many biologically important substances.
45120 pronucleus C The nucleus of either the ovum or the spermatozoon following fertilization. Thus, in the fertilized ovum, there are two pronuclei, one originating from the ovum, the other from the spermatozoon that brought about fertilization; they approach each other, but do not fuse until just before the first cleavage, when each pronucleus loses its membrane to release its contents.
45121 membrane raft C Any of the small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. Small rafts can sometimes be stabilized to form larger platforms through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions.
45122 aflatoxin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aflatoxin, a fungal metabolite found as a contaminant in moldy grains that induces liver cancer. Aflatoxin induces a G to T transversion at codon 249 of p53, leading to its inactivation. Aflatoxin is converted to a chemical carcinogen by P450.
45123 cellular extravasation P The migration of a leukocyte from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.
45124 regulation of bone resorption P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone tissue loss (resorption).
45125 bioactive lipid receptor activity F Combining with a bioactive lipid and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex. A bioactive lipid is a lipid for which changes in lipid levels result in functional consequences in a variety of cellular processes.
45127 N-acetylglucosamine kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + ATP = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).
45128 negative regulation of reciprocal meiotic recombination P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of recombination during meiosis. Reciprocal meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.
45129 NAD-independent histone deacetylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: histone N6-acetyl-L-lysine + H2O = histone L-lysine + acetate. This reaction does not require the presence of NAD, and represents the removal of an acetyl group from a histone.
45130 keratan sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + keratan = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + keratan 6'-sulfate.
45131 pre-mRNA branch point binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a pre-mRNA branch point sequence, located upstream of the 3' splice site.
45132 meiotic chromosome segregation P The process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during M phase of the meiotic cell cycle.
45133 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate 3,4-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + O(2) = 2-hydroxy-3-(3-oxoprop-1-enyl)but-2-enedioate + H(+).
45134 uridine-diphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP + H2O = UMP + phosphate.
45135 poly(beta-D-mannuronate) lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: polysaccharides containing beta-D-mannuronate residues = oligosaccharides with 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl end. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of polysaccharides containing beta-D-mannuronate residues to give oligosaccharides with 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl groups at their ends.
45136 development of secondary sexual characteristics P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the secondary sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structures. In humans, these include growth of axillary, chest, and pubic hair, voice changes, testicular/penile enlargement, breast development and menstrual periods. Development occurs in response to sex hormone secretion.
45137 development of primary sexual characteristics P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the primary sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structures. The primary sexual characteristics are the testes in males and the ovaries in females and they develop in response to sex hormone secretion.
45138 nematode male tail tip morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structure of the adult male tail tip is generated and organized. In some species of rhabitid nematodes, the male tail tip undergoes a morphological change such that the most posterior hypodermal cells in the tail (hyp8-11 in C. elegans) fuse and retract anteriorly, changing the shape of the tail from a pointed, tapered cone, or spike, to a rounded, blunt dome.
45140 inositol phosphoceramide synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phytoceramide + inositol phosphate = inositol phosphoceramide.
45141 meiotic telomere clustering P The cell cycle process in which the dynamic reorganization of telomeres occurs in early meiotic prophase, during which meiotic chromosome ends are gathered in a bouquet arrangement at the inner surface of the nuclear envelope proximal to the spindle pole body. This plays an important role in progression through meiosis and precedes synapsis.
45142 triplex DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a DNA triple helix. The formation of triple helical DNA has been evoked in several cellular processes including transcription, replication, and recombination.
45143 homologous chromosome segregation P The cell cycle process in which replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the first division of the meiotic cell cycle. Each replicated chromosome, composed of two sister chromatids, aligns at the cell equator, paired with its homologous partner; this pairing off, referred to as synapsis, permits genetic recombination. One homolog (both sister chromatids) of each morphologic type goes into each of the resulting chromosome sets.
45144 meiotic sister chromatid segregation P The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids are organized and then physically separated and randomly apportioned to two sets during the second division of the meiotic cell cycle.
45145 single-stranded DNA 5'-3' exodeoxyribonuclease activity F Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of nucleotides (such as mononucleotides or dinucleotides) from a free 5' terminus of a single-stranded DNA molecule.
45146 initiation of acetate catabolic process by acetate P The activation, by acetate, of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
45147 regulation of initiation of acetate catabolic process by acetate P Any process that modulates the activation, by acetate, of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
45148 tripeptide aminopeptidase activity F Catalysis of the release of the N-terminal residue from a tripeptide.
45149 acetoin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetoin, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, often as part of a fermentation pathway or for use as a carbon source.
45150 acetoin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetoin, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone.
45151 acetoin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetoin, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone.
45152 antisigma factor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an antisigma factor, a factor which inhibits the ability of the sigma factor to function as a transcriptional initiator.
45153 electron transporter, transferring electrons within CoQH2-cytochrome c reductase complex activity F Enables the directed movement of electrons within the CoQH2-cytochrome c reductase complex.
45154 electron transporter, transferring electrons within cytochrome c oxidase complex activity F Enables the directed movement of electrons within the cytochrome c oxidase complex.
45155 electron transporter, transferring electrons from CoQH2-cytochrome c reductase complex and cytochrome c oxidase complex activity F Enables the directed movement of electrons from the CoQH2-cytochrome c reductase complex and the cytochrome c oxidase complex.
45156 electron transporter, transferring electrons within the cyclic electron transport pathway of photosynthesis activity F Enables the directed movement of electrons within the cyclic electron transport pathway of photosynthesis.
45157 electron transporter, transferring electrons within the noncyclic electron transport pathway of photosynthesis activity F Enables the directed movement of electrons within the noncyclic electron transport pathway of photosynthesis.
45158 electron transporter, transferring electrons within cytochrome b6/f complex of photosystem II activity F Enables the directed movement of electrons within the cytochrome b6/f complex of photosystem II.
45159 myosin II binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a class II myosin, any member of the class of 'conventional' double-headed myosins that includes muscle myosin.
45160 myosin I complex C A myosin complex containing a class I myosin heavy chain and associated light chains; myosin I heavy chains are single-headed, possess tails of various lengths, and do not self-associate into bipolar filaments; myosin I complexes are involved in diverse processes related to membrane traffic and cell movement.
45161 neuronal ion channel clustering P The process in which voltage-gated ion channels become localized to distinct subcellular domains in the neuron. Specific targeting, clustering, and maintenance of these channels in their respective domains are essential to achieve high conduction velocities of action potential propagation.
45162 clustering of voltage-gated sodium channels P The process in which voltage-gated sodium channels become localized together in high densities. In animals, nodes of Ranvier differ dramatically from internodal axonal regions in very high densities of voltage-dependent sodium (Nav) channels responsible for the rapid, inward ionic currents that produce membrane depolarization.
45163 clustering of voltage-gated potassium channels P The process in which voltage-gated potassium channels become localized together in high densities. In animals, voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels are clustered beneath the myelin sheath in regions immediately adjacent to paranodes, called juxtaparanodes, and along the inner mesaxon within the internode.
45165 cell fate commitment P The commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field.
45167 asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate determination P Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific asymmetric distribution, resulting in the formation of daughter cells of different types.
45168 cell-cell signaling involved in cell fate commitment P Signaling at long or short range between cells that results in the commitment of a cell to a certain fate.
45169 fusome C A large intracellular spectrin-rich structure that has been found in insect germline cells and mammalian hematopoietic cells. The fusome is an elongated, branched structure, formed from the spherical spectrosome organelle.
45170 spectrosome C A germline specific spherical organelle, rich in membrane skeletal proteins. Precursor to the fusome.
45171 intercellular bridge C A direct connection between the cytoplasm of two cells that is formed following the completion of cleavage furrow ingression during cell division. They are usually present only briefly prior to completion of cytokinesis. However, in some cases, such as the bridges between germ cells during their development, they become stabilised.
45172 germline ring canal C Germline specific intercellular bridge. During cyst formation in insects, ring canals interconnect the cells of the cyst, facilitating the passage of cytoplasmic components between cells.
45173 O-sialoglycoprotein catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of O-sialoglycoproteins, glycoproteins which contain sialic acid as one of their carbohydrates. They are often found on or in the cell or tissue membranes and participate in a variety of biological activities.
45174 glutathione dehydrogenase (ascorbate) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = L-ascorbate + glutathione disulfide.
45175 basal protein localization P Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, basal regions of the cell.
45176 apical protein localization P Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, apical regions of the cell.
45177 apical part of cell C The region of a polarized cell that forms a tip or is distal to a base. For example, in a polarized epithelial cell, the apical region has an exposed surface and lies opposite to the basal lamina that separates the epithelium from other tissue.
45178 basal part of cell C The region of a cell situated near the base. For example, in a polarized epithelial cell, the basal surface rests on the basal lamina that separates the epithelium from other tissue.
45179 apical cortex C The region that lies just beneath the plasma membrane on the apical edge of a cell.
45180 basal cortex C The region that lies just beneath the plasma membrane on the basal edge of a cell.
45181 glutamate synthase activity, NAD(P)H as acceptor F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-glutamate + NAD(P)+ = L-glutamine + 2-oxoglutarate + NAD(P)H + H+.
45182 translation regulator activity F Any molecular function involved in the initiation, activation, perpetuation, repression or termination of polypeptide synthesis at the ribosome.
45183 translation factor activity, non-nucleic acid binding F A translation regulator activity that does not involve binding to nucleic acids.
45184 establishment of protein localization P The directed movement of a protein to a specific location.
45185 maintenance of protein location P Any process in which a protein is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere. These include sequestration, stabilization to prevent transport elsewhere and the active retrieval of proteins that do move away.
45186 zonula adherens assembly P Assembly of the zonula adherens, a cell-cell adherens junction which forms a continuous belt near the apex of epithelial cells.
45187 regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sleep; a readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity that occurs periodically in many animals.
45188 regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of non-rapid eye movement sleep.
45189 connective tissue growth factor biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CTGF, produced by human umbilical vein endothelial cells and by skin fibroblasts after activation with TGF-beta.
45190 isotype switching P The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to biosynthesis of other isotypes of immunoglobulin, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion involving switch regions that reside 5' of each constant region gene segment in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.
45191 regulation of isotype switching P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching.
45196 establishment or maintenance of neuroblast polarity P Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of a neuroblast cell, a progenitor of the central nervous system.
45197 establishment or maintenance of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity P Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell.
45198 establishment of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity P The specification and formation of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell.
45199 maintenance of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity P The maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell.
45200 establishment of neuroblast polarity P The specification and formation of the apicobasal polarity of a neuroblast cell, a progenitor of the central nervous system.
45201 maintenance of neuroblast polarity P The maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of a neuroblast cell, a progenitor of the central nervous system.
45202 synapse C The junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron, muscle fiber or glial cell. As the nerve fiber approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic nerve ending, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the nerve ending is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic nerve ending secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane.
45203 integral component of cell outer membrane C The component of the cell outer membrane consisting of the gene products having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
45204 MAPK export from nucleus P The directed movement of a MAP kinase from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
45208 MAPK phosphatase export from nucleus P The directed movement of a MAPK phosphatase from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
45209 MAPK phosphatase export from nucleus, leptomycin B sensitive P Leptomycin B-sensitive movement of a MAPK phosphatase from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
45210 FasL biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fas ligand (FasL or CD95L), an antigen originally found to be expressed on the cell surface of activated human T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes and a variety of malignant human lymphoid cell lines.
45211 postsynaptic membrane C A specialized area of membrane facing the presynaptic membrane on the tip of the nerve ending and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft). Neurotransmitters cross the synaptic cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane.
45212 neurotransmitter receptor biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of neurotransmitter receptors.
45213 neurotransmitter receptor metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving neurotransmitter receptors.
45214 sarcomere organization P The myofibril assembly process that results in the organization of muscle actomyosin into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs.
45216 cell-cell junction organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell-cell junction. A cell-cell junction is a specialized region of connection between two cells.
45217 cell-cell junction maintenance P The maintenance of junctions between cells.
45218 zonula adherens maintenance P Maintaining the zonula adherens junction, the cell-cell adherens junction formed near the apex of epithelial cells.
45219 regulation of FasL biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of FasL.
45220 positive regulation of FasL biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of FasL.
45221 negative regulation of FasL biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of FasL.
45222 CD4 biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4, a CD marker that occurs on T-helper cells and is involved in MHC class II restricted interactions.
45223 regulation of CD4 biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4.
45224 positive regulation of CD4 biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4.
45225 negative regulation of CD4 biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4.
45226 extracellular polysaccharide biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides used in extracellular structures.
45227 capsule polysaccharide biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides that make up the capsule, a protective structure surrounding some species of bacteria and fungi.
45228 slime layer polysaccharide biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides in the slime layer, a diffused layer of polysaccharide exterior to the bacterial cell wall.
45229 external encapsulating structure organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of external structures that lie outside the plasma membrane and surround the entire cell.
45230 capsule organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the capsule, a protective structure surrounding some species of bacteria and fungi.
45231 slime layer organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a slime layer. A slime layer is an easily removed, diffuse, unorganized layer of extracellular material that surrounds a cell.
45232 S-layer organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an S-layer enveloping the cell. The S-layer is a crystalline protein layer surrounding some bacteria.
45234 protein palmitoleylation P The covalent attachment of a palmitoleyl group to a protein.
45236 CXCR chemokine receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a chemokine receptor in the CXCR family.
45237 CXCR1 chemokine receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the CXCR1 chemokine receptor.
45238 CXCR2 chemokine receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the CXCR2 chemokine receptor.
45239 tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme complex C Any of the heteromeric enzymes that act in the TCA cycle.
45240 dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase complex C A protein complex that possesses alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity.
45241 cytosolic alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex C Cytosolic complex that possesses alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity.
45242 isocitrate dehydrogenase complex (NAD+) C Complex that possesses isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity.
45243 cytosolic isocitrate dehydrogenase complex (NAD+) C Cytosolic complex that possesses isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity.
45244 succinate-CoA ligase complex (GDP-forming) C A heterodimeric enzyme complex, usually composed of an alpha and beta chain. Functions in the TCA cycle, hydrolyzing succinyl-CoA into succinate and CoA, thereby forming GTP.
45246 cytosolic tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme complex C Any of the heteromeric enzymes, located in the cytosol, that act in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle.
45247 cytosolic electron transfer flavoprotein complex C A protein complex located in the cytosol containing flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) that, together with an acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, forms a system that oxidizes an acyl-CoA molecule and reduces ubiquinone and other acceptors.
45248 cytosolic oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex C A cytosolic complex of multiple copies of three enzymatic components: oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (lipoamide); EC:1.2.4.2 (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase; EC:2.3.1.61 (E2) and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase; EC:1.8.1.4 (E3); catalyzes the overall conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and carbon dioxide (CO2).
45249 cytosol pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) phosphatase complex C A cytosolic complex of a regulatory and catalytic subunit that catalyzes the dephosphorylation and concomitant reactivation of the alpha subunit of the E1 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
45250 cytosolic pyruvate dehydrogenase complex C Complex that carries out the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl-CoA; comprises subunits possessing three catalytic activities: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (E2), and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). Usually contains fewer subunits than its eukaryotic counterpart; for example, the E. coli complex contains 12 E1 dimers, 8 E2 trimers, and 6 E3 dimers arranged in highly symmetric cubic order.
45251 electron transfer flavoprotein complex C A protein complex containing flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which form a system that oxidizes an acyl-CoA molecule and reduces ubiquinone and other acceptors in an electron transport system.
45252 oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex C A complex of multiple copies of three enzymatic components: oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (lipoamide); EC:1.2.4.2 (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase; EC:2.3.1.61 (E2) and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase; EC:1.8.1.4 (E3); catalyzes the overall conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and carbon dioxide (CO2).
45253 pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) phosphatase complex C A complex of a regulatory and catalytic subunit that catalyzes the dephosphorylation and concomitant reactivation of the alpha subunit of the E1 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
45254 pyruvate dehydrogenase complex C Complex that carries out the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl-CoA; comprises subunits possessing three catalytic activities: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (E2), and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3).
45257 succinate dehydrogenase complex (ubiquinone) C The enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of succinate and ubiquinone to fumarate and ubiquinol; involved in aerobic respiration, repressed in anaerobic respiration.
45258 plasma membrane succinate dehydrogenase complex (ubiquinone) C The enzyme, located in the plasma membrane, that catalyzes the oxidation of succinate and ubiquinone to fumarate and ubiquinol; involved in aerobic respiration, repressed in anaerobic respiration.
45259 proton-transporting ATP synthase complex C A proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP during oxidative phosphorylation. The complex comprises a membrane sector (F0) that carries out proton transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (F1) that catalyzes ATP synthesis by a rotational mechanism; the extramembrane sector (containing 3 a and 3 b subunits) is connected via the d-subunit to the membrane sector by several smaller subunits. Within this complex, the g and e subunits and the 9-12 c subunits rotate by consecutive 120 degree angles and perform parts of ATP synthesis. This movement is driven by the hydrogen ion electrochemical potential gradient.
45260 plasma membrane proton-transporting ATP synthase complex C A proton-transporting ATP synthase complex found in the plasma membrane. Examples of this component are found in Bacterial species.
45261 proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, catalytic core F(1) C The sector of a hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase complex in which the catalytic activity resides; it comprises the catalytic core and central stalk, and is peripherally associated with a membrane, such as the plasma membrane or the mitochondrial inner membrane, when the entire ATP synthase is assembled.
45262 plasma membrane proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, catalytic core F(1) C The catalytic sector of the plasma membrane hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase; it comprises the catalytic core and central stalk, and is peripherally associated with the plasma membrane when the entire ATP synthase is assembled. Examples of this component are found in Bacterial species.
45263 proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, coupling factor F(o) C All non-F1 subunits of a hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, including integral and peripheral membrane proteins.
45264 plasma membrane proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, coupling factor F(o) C All non-F1 subunits of the plasma membrane hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, including integral and peripheral plasma membrane proteins.
45265 proton-transporting ATP synthase, stator stalk C One of two stalks that connect the catalytic core of the hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase to the membrane-associated Fo proteins; is thought to prevent futile rotation of the catalytic core.
45266 plasma membrane proton-transporting ATP synthase, stator stalk C One of two stalks that connect the catalytic core of the hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase to the plasma membrane-associated F0 proteins; is thought to prevent futile rotation of the catalytic core. Examples of this component are found in Bacterial species.
45267 proton-transporting ATP synthase, catalytic core C The hexamer that possesses the catalytic activity of the mitochondrial hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase.
45268 plasma membrane proton-transporting ATP synthase, catalytic core C The hexamer that possesses the catalytic activity of the plasma membrane hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase. Examples of this component are found in Bacterial species.
45269 proton-transporting ATP synthase, central stalk C One of two stalks that connect the catalytic core of the hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase to the membrane-associated Fo proteins; rotates within the catalytic core during catalysis.
45270 plasma membrane proton-transporting ATP synthase, central stalk C One of two stalks that connect the catalytic core of the hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase to the plasma membrane-associated Fo proteins; rotates within the catalytic core during catalysis. Examples of this component are found in Bacterial species.
45271 respiratory chain complex I C Respiratory chain complex I is an enzyme of the respiratory chain. It consists of several polypeptide chains and is L-shaped, with a horizontal arm lying in the membrane and a vertical arm that projects into the matrix. The electrons of NADH enter the chain at this complex.
45272 plasma membrane respiratory chain complex I C A subcomplex of the respiratory chain located in the plasma membrane. It contains about 25 different polypeptide subunits, including NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), flavin mononucleotide and several different iron-sulfur clusters containing non-heme iron. The iron undergoes oxidation-reduction between Fe(II) and Fe(III), and catalyzes proton translocation linked to the oxidation of NADH by ubiquinone. Examples of this component are found in bacterial species.
45273 respiratory chain complex II C A part of the respiratory chain, containing the four polypeptide subunits of succinate dehydrogenase, flavin-adenine dinucleotide and iron-sulfur. Catalyzes the oxidation of succinate by ubiquinone. Connects the TCA cycle with the respiratory chain.
45274 plasma membrane respiratory chain complex II C A part of the respiratory chain located in the plasma membrane, containing the four polypeptide subunits of succinate dehydrogenase, flavin-adenine dinucleotide and iron-sulfur. Catalyzes the oxidation of succinate by ubiquinone. Connects the TCA cycle with the respiratory chain. Examples of this component are found in bacterial species.
45275 respiratory chain complex III C A protein complex that transfers electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome c and translocates two protons across a membrane. The complex contains a core structure of three catalytic subunits: cytochrome b, the Rieske iron sulfur protein (ISP), and cytochrome c1, which are arranged in an integral membrane-bound dimeric complex; additional subunits are present, and vary among different species.
45276 plasma membrane respiratory chain complex III C A part of the respiratory chain located in the plasma membrane, containing about 10 polypeptide subunits including four redox centers: cytochrome b/b6, cytochrome c1 and an 2Fe-2S cluster. Catalyzes the oxidation of ubiquinol by oxidized cytochrome c1. Examples of this component are found in bacterial species.
45277 respiratory chain complex IV C A part of the respiratory chain, containing the 13 polypeptide subunits of cytochrome c oxidase, including cytochrome a and cytochrome a3. Catalyzes the oxidation of reduced cytochrome c by dioxygen (O2).
45278 plasma membrane respiratory chain complex IV C A part of the respiratory chain located in the plasma membrane, containing the 13 polypeptide subunits of cytochrome c oxidase, including cytochrome a and cytochrome a3. Catalyzes the oxidation of reduced cytochrome c by dioxygen (O2). Examples of this component are found in bacterial species.
45281 succinate dehydrogenase complex C A multimeric complex which consists of flavoprotein (subunit A; InterPro:IPR003952), iron-sulfur protein (subunit B) and membrane-bound cytochrome b560 (subunit C; InterPro:IPR000701). In some Archaea, the membrane-bound subunits (C or C and D) do not necessarily contain heme. Membrane-bound subunits can bind or react with quinones.
45282 plasma membrane succinate dehydrogenase complex C A multimeric complex which consists of flavoprotein (subunit A; InterPro:IPR003952), iron-sulfur protein (subunit B) and membrane-bound cytochrome b560 (subunit C; InterPro:IPR000701). In some Archaea, the membrane-bound subunits (C or C and D) do not necessarily contain heme. Membrane-bound subunits can bind/react with quinones. Examples of this component are found in Bacterial species.
45283 fumarate reductase complex C A membrane-bound flavoenzyme complex consisting of four subunits, A, B, C, and D. A and B comprise the membrane-extrinsic catalytic domain and C (InterPro:IPR003510; InterPro:IPR004224) and D (InterPro:IPR003418) link the catalytic centers to the electron-transport chain. This family consists of the 13 kDa hydrophobic subunit D. This component may be required to anchor the catalytic components of the fumarate reductase complex to the cytoplasmic membrane. Fumarate reductase couples the reduction of fumarate to succinate to the oxidation of quinol to quinone, in a reaction opposite to that catalyzed by the related complex II of the respiratory chain (succinate dehydrogenase-(ubiquinone)).
45284 plasma membrane fumarate reductase complex C A membrane-bound flavoenzyme complex consisting of four subunits, A, B, C, and D. A and B comprise the membrane-extrinsic catalytic domain and C (InterPro:IPR003510; InterPro:IPR00224) and D (InterPro:IPR003418) link the catalytic centers to the electron-transport chain. In some species, the complex has only three subunits, and in these cases, there is only one membrane anchor instead of two. This family consists of the 13 kDa hydrophobic subunit D. This component may be required to anchor the catalytic components of the fumarate reductase complex to the cytoplasmic membrane. Fumarate reductase couples the reduction of fumarate to succinate to the oxidation of quinol to quinone, in a reaction opposite to that catalyzed by the related complex II of the respiratory chain (succinate dehydrogenase-(ubiquinone)). Examples of this component are found in bacterial species.
45289 luciferin monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the generalized reaction: luciferin + O2 = oxidized luciferin + CO2 + light. There may be additional substrates and reactants involved in the reaction. The reaction results in light emission as luciferin returns to the ground state after enzymatic oxidation.
45290 D-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinose + NAD(P)+ = D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + NAD(P)H + H+.
45291 mRNA trans splicing, SL addition P The joining together of two independently transcribed RNAs, where the one that provides the 5' portion of the final mRNA is from a splice leader RNA (SL-RNA). The SL-RNA, or mini-exon donor sequence, is added to the 5'-end of the acceptor RNA molecule which provides the mRNA body.
45292 mRNA cis splicing, via spliceosome P The joining together, after removal of an intervening sequence composed of one or more introns, of two segments of the same RNA molecule via spliceosomal catalysis to produce an mRNA composed only of exon sequences that all came from the same primary transcript.
45293 mRNA editing complex C A protein complex that posttranscriptionally catalyzes insertion, deletion or substitution of nucleotides at multiple sites within nascent mRNA transcripts to produce mature mRNAs in eukaryotes.
45294 alpha-catenin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the alpha subunit of the catenin complex.
45295 gamma-catenin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the gamma subunit of the catenin complex.
45296 cadherin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cadherin, a type I membrane protein involved in cell adhesion.
45297 post-mating behavior P The specific behavior of an organism following mating.
45298 tubulin complex C A heterodimer of tubulins alpha and beta that constitutes the protomer for microtubule assembly.
45299 otolith mineralization P The precipitation of specific crystal forms of calcium carbonate with extracellular matrix proteins in the otolith organs of the vertebrate inner ear.
45300 acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] desaturase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: stearoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + reduced acceptor + O2 = oleoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + acceptor + H2O. The enzyme requires ferredoxin.
45301 tRNA-(2-methylthio-N-6-(cis-hydroxy)isopentenyl adenosine)-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA-(2-methylthio-N-6-isopentenyl adenosine) = tRNA-(2-methylthio-N-6-(cis-hydroxy)isopentenyl adenosine) + O2. 2-methylthio-N-6-isopentenyl adenosine is also known as ms2i6A; 2-methylthio-N-6-(cis-hydroxy)isopentenyl adenosine is also known as ms2io6A and 2-methylthio-cis-ribozeatin.
45302 choloylglycine hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-trihydroxy-5-beta-cholan-24-oylglycine + H2O = 3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-trihydroxy-5-beta-cholanate + glycine.
45303 diaminobutyrate-2-oxoglutarate transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-2,4-diaminobutyrate = L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde + L-glutamate.
45304 regulation of establishment of competence for transformation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which a cell becomes able to take up and incorporate extracellular DNA into its genome.
45309 protein phosphorylated amino acid binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a phosphorylated amino acid residue within a protein.
45311 invasive growth in response to pheromone P The growth of colonies in filamentous chains of cells as a result of a pheromone stimulus.
45312 nor-spermidine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nor-spermidine, a compound related to spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.
45313 rhabdomere membrane biogenesis P A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a rhabdomere membrane.
45314 regulation of compound eye photoreceptor development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor development.
45315 positive regulation of compound eye photoreceptor development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor development.
45316 negative regulation of compound eye photoreceptor development P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor development.
45317 equator specification P The formation and development of the equator that forms the boundary between the photoreceptors in the dorsal sector of the eye and those in the ventral sector, dividing the eye into dorsal and ventral halves.
45320 chloroplast proton-transporting ATP synthase complex C A proton-transporting ATP synthase complex found in the chloroplast thylakoid membrane; it catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP during photo-phosphorylation.
45321 leukocyte activation P A change in morphology and behavior of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.
45322 unmethylated CpG binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with unmethylated CpG motifs. Unmethylated CpG dinucleotides are often associated with gene promoters.
45323 interleukin-1 receptor complex C A protein complex that binds interleukin-1; comprises an alpha and a beta subunit.
45324 late endosome to vacuole transport P The directed movement of substances from late endosomes to the vacuole. In yeast, after transport to the prevacuolar compartment, endocytic content is delivered to the late endosome and on to the vacuole. This pathway is analogous to endosome to lysosome transport.
45325 peptidyl-tryptophan hydroxylation P The hydroxylation of peptidyl-tryptophan, to form peptidyl-L-3-hydroxytryptophan.
45326 protein-DNA covalent cross-linking via the 3'-end to peptidyl-tyrosine P The formation of a covalent cross-link between DNA and a peptidyl-tyrosine residue by the formation of O4'-(phospho-3'-DNA)-L-tyrosine.
45327 protein-DNA covalent cross-linking via peptidyl-tyrosine P The formation of a covalent cross-link between DNA and a peptidyl-tyrosine residue.
45328 cytochrome P450 4A1-heme linkage P The covalent linkage of heme to cytochrome P450 4A1 via hydroxyheme-L-glutamyl ester.
45329 carnitine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carnitine (hydroxy-trimethyl aminobutyric acid), a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
45330 aspartyl esterase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of an ester bond by a mechanism involving a catalytically active aspartic acid residue.
45332 phospholipid translocation P The movement of a phospholipid molecule from one leaflet of a membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet.
45333 cellular respiration P The enzymatic release of energy from inorganic and organic compounds (especially carbohydrates and fats) which either requires oxygen (aerobic respiration) or does not (anaerobic respiration).
45334 clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle C A clathrin-coated, membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle formed by invagination of the plasma membrane around an extracellular substance.
45335 phagocytic vesicle C A membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle that arises from the ingestion of particulate material by phagocytosis.
45336 clathrin-coated phagocytic vesicle C A clathrin-coated, membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle that arises from the ingestion of particulate material by phagocytosis.
45337 farnesyl diphosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of farnesyl diphosphate.
45338 farnesyl diphosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving farnesyl diphosphate, an intermediate in carotenoid, sesquiterpene, squalene and sterol biosynthesis, as well as a substrate in protein farnesylation.
45339 farnesyl diphosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of farnesyl diphosphate.
45340 mercury ion binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with mercury (Hg) ions.
45341 MHC class I biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of major histocompatibility protein class I.
45342 MHC class II biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of major histocompatibility protein class II.
45343 regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class I.
45344 negative regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class I.
45345 positive regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class I.
45346 regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class II.
45347 negative regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class II.
45348 positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class II.
45349 interferon-alpha biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-alpha.
45350 interferon-beta biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-beta.
45351 type I interferon biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any type I interferon. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.
45352 interleukin-1 Type I receptor antagonist activity F Blocks the binding of interleukin-1 to interleukin-1 Type I receptors.
45353 interleukin-1 Type II receptor antagonist activity F Blocks the binding of interleukin-1 to interleukin-1 Type II receptors.
45354 regulation of interferon-alpha biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-alpha.
45355 negative regulation of interferon-alpha biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-alpha.
45356 positive regulation of interferon-alpha biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-alpha.
45357 regulation of interferon-beta biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-beta.
45358 negative regulation of interferon-beta biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-beta.
45359 positive regulation of interferon-beta biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-beta.
45360 regulation of interleukin-1 biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-1.
45361 negative regulation of interleukin-1 biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-1.
45362 positive regulation of interleukin-1 biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-1.
45363 regulation of interleukin-11 biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-11.
45364 negative regulation of interleukin-11 biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-11.
45365 positive regulation of interleukin-11 biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-11.
45366 regulation of interleukin-13 biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-13.
45367 negative regulation of interleukin-13 biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-13.
45368 positive regulation of interleukin-13 biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-13.
45369 regulation of interleukin-14 biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-14.
45370 negative regulation of interleukin-14 biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-14.
45371 positive regulation of interleukin-14 biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-14.
45372 regulation of interleukin-15 biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-15.
45373 negative regulation of interleukin-15 biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-15.
45374 positive regulation of interleukin-15 biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-15.
45375 regulation of interleukin-16 biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-16.
45376 negative regulation of interleukin-16 biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-16.
45377 positive regulation of interleukin-16 biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-16.
45378 regulation of interleukin-17 biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines.
45379 negative regulation of interleukin-17 biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines.
45380 positive regulation of interleukin-17 biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines.
45381 regulation of interleukin-18 biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-18.
45382 negative regulation of interleukin-18 biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-18.
45383 positive regulation of interleukin-18 biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-18.
45384 regulation of interleukin-19 biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-19.
45385 negative regulation of interleukin-19 biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-19.
45386 positive regulation of interleukin-19 biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-19.
45387 regulation of interleukin-20 biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-20.
45388 negative regulation of interleukin-20 biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-20.
45389 positive regulation of interleukin-20 biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-20.
45390 regulation of interleukin-21 biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-21.
45391 negative regulation of interleukin-21 biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-21.
45392 positive regulation of interleukin-21 biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-21.
45393 regulation of interleukin-22 biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-22.
45394 negative regulation of interleukin-22 biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-22.
45395 positive regulation of interleukin-22 biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-22.
45396 regulation of interleukin-23 biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-23.
45397 negative regulation of interleukin-23 biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-23.
45398 positive regulation of interleukin-23 biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-23.
45399 regulation of interleukin-3 biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-3.
45400 negative regulation of interleukin-3 biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-3.
45401 positive regulation of interleukin-3 biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-3.
45402 regulation of interleukin-4 biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-4.
45403 negative regulation of interleukin-4 biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-4.
45404 positive regulation of interleukin-4 biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-4.
45405 regulation of interleukin-5 biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-5.
45406 negative regulation of interleukin-5 biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-5.
45407 positive regulation of interleukin-5 biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-5.
45408 regulation of interleukin-6 biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-6.
45409 negative regulation of interleukin-6 biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-6.
45410 positive regulation of interleukin-6 biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-6.
45411 regulation of interleukin-7 biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-7.
45412 negative regulation of interleukin-7 biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-7.
45413 positive regulation of interleukin-7 biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-7.
45414 regulation of interleukin-8 biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-8.
45415 negative regulation of interleukin-8 biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-8.
45416 positive regulation of interleukin-8 biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-8.
45417 regulation of interleukin-9 biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-9.
45418 negative regulation of interleukin-9 biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-9.
45419 positive regulation of interleukin-9 biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-9.
45420 regulation of connective tissue growth factor biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of connective tissue growth factor.
45421 negative regulation of connective tissue growth factor biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of connective tissue growth factor.
45422 positive regulation of connective tissue growth factor biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of connective tissue growth factor.
45423 regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
45424 negative regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
45425 positive regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
45427 enzyme active site formation via (phospho-5'-guanosine)-L-histidine P The transient guanylylation of peptidyl-histidine to form (phospho-5'-guanosine)-L-histidine.
45428 regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide.
45429 positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide.
45430 chalcone isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a chalcone = a flavanone.
45431 flavonol synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a dihydroflavonol + 2-oxoglurate + O2 = a flavonol + succinate + CO2 + H2O.
45433 male courtship behavior, veined wing generated song production P The process during wing vibration where the male insect produces a species-specific acoustic signal called a love song.
45434 negative regulation of female receptivity, post-mating P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the receptiveness of a female to male advances subsequent to mating.
45435 lycopene epsilon cyclase activity F Catalysis of the cyclization of an epsilon ring at one end of the lycopene molecule (psi, psi-carotene) to form delta-carotene (epsilon, psi-carotene).
45436 lycopene beta cyclase activity F Catalysis of the cyclization of beta rings at one or both ends of the lycopene molecule (psi, psi-carotene) to form gamma-carotene or the bicyclic beta-carotene (beta, beta-carotene), respectively.
45437 uridine nucleosidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + uridine = ribofuranose + uracil.
45438 delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine synthetase activity F Catalysis of the formation of delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine from constituent amino acids and ATP in the presence of magnesium ions and dithioerythritol.
45439 isopenicillin-N epimerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: isopenicillin N = penicillin N.
45442 deacetoxycephalosporin-C hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + deacetoxycephalosporin C + O(2) = CO(2) + deacetylcephalosporin C + succinate.
45443 juvenile hormone secretion P The regulated release of juvenile hormones, the three sesquiterpenoid derivatives that function to maintain the larval state of insects at molting and that may be required for other processes, e.g. oogenesis.
45444 fat cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell specialized for the synthesis and storage of fat.
45445 myoblast differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myoblast. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into striated muscle fibers.
45446 endothelial cell differentiation P The process in which a mesodermal, bone marrow or neural crest cell acquires specialized features of an endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell. A layer of such cells lines the inside surfaces of body cavities, blood vessels, and lymph vessels, making up the endothelium.
45448 mitotic cell cycle, embryonic P The eukaryotic cell cycle in which a cell is duplicated without changing ploidy, occurring in the embryo.
45450 bicoid mRNA localization P Any process in which bicoid mRNA is transported to and maintained within the oocyte as part of the specification of the anterior/posterior axis.
45451 pole plasm oskar mRNA localization P Any process in which oskar mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm.
45453 bone resorption P The process in which specialized cells known as osteoclasts degrade the organic and inorganic portions of bone, and endocytose and transport the degradation products.
45454 cell redox homeostasis P Any process that maintains the redox environment of a cell or compartment within a cell.
45455 ecdysteroid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving ecdysteroids, a group of polyhydroxylated ketosteroids ubiquitous in insects and other arthropods, in which they initiate post-embryonic development, including the metamorphosis of immature forms and the development of the reproductive system and the maturation of oocytes in adult females.
45456 ecdysteroid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ecdysteroids, a group of polyhydroxylated ketosteroids which initiate post-embryonic development.
45457 ecdysteroid secretion P The regulated release of ecdysteroids, a group of polyhydroxylated ketosteroids which initiate post-embryonic development.
45458 recombination within rDNA repeats P Genetic recombination within the DNA of the genes coding for ribosomal RNA.
45459 iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl triiron tetrasulfide P The incorporation of iron into a 3Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl triiron tetrasulfide.
45460 sterigmatocystin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving sterigmatocystin, a carcinogenic mycotoxin produced in high yields by strains of the common molds.
45461 sterigmatocystin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sterigmatocystin, a carcinogenic mycotoxin produced in high yields by strains of the common molds.
45462 trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the 3-O-acetylation of a trichothecene. Trichothecenes are sesquiterpene epoxide mycotoxins that act as potent inhibitors of eukaryotic protein synthesis.
45463 R8 cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the R8 photoreceptor over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The R8 photoreceptor is the founding receptor of each ommatidium.
45464 R8 cell fate specification P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an R8 cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
45465 R8 cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of the R8 photoreceptor.
45466 R7 cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of the R7 photoreceptor.
45467 R7 cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the R7 photoreceptor over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The R7 photoreceptor is the last photoreceptor to develop in the ommatidium.
45468 regulation of R8 cell spacing in compound eye P Any process that ensures that the R8 cells are selected in a precise progressive pattern so that they are evenly spaced throughout the eye disc.
45469 negative regulation of R8 cell spacing in compound eye P Any process that stops or prevents the correct R8 cell spacing pattern in a compound eye.
45470 R8 cell-mediated photoreceptor organization P The regionalization process that coordinates the recruitment and organization of other non-R8 photoreceptors by the R8 photoreceptor.
45471 response to ethanol P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethanol stimulus.
45472 response to ether P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ether stimulus.
45475 locomotor rhythm P The rhythm of the locomotor activity of an organism during its 24 hour activity cycle.
45476 nurse cell apoptotic process P Any apoptotic process in a nurse cell. During late oogenesis, following the transfer of substances from the nurse cells to the oocyte, nurse cell remnants are cleared from the egg chamber by apoptotic process.
45477 regulation of nurse cell apoptotic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nurse cell apoptotic process.
45478 fusome organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the fusome, a large intracellular spectrin-rich structure found in insect germline cells and mammalian hematopoietic cells.
45479 vesicle targeting to fusome P The recruitment of vesicles to the fusome. The vesicles become the fusome tubule network and are necessary for the assembly of the fusome.
45480 galactose oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactose + O2 = D-galacto-hexodialdose + hydrogen peroxide.
45481 6-endo-hydroxycineole dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 6-endo-hydroxycineole + NAD(+) = 6-oxocineole + H(+) + NADH.
45482 trichodiene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = diphosphate + trichodiene.
45483 aristolochene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: trans,trans-farnesyl diphosphate = aristolochene + diphosphate.
45484 L-lysine 6-transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-lysine = L-glutamate + allysine.
45485 omega-6 fatty acid desaturase activity F Catalysis of the introduction of an omega-6 double bond into the fatty acid hydrocarbon chain.
45486 naringenin 3-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: naringenin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = dihydrokaempferol + succinate + CO2.
45487 gibberellin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gibberellin. Gibberellins are a class of highly modified terpenes that function as plant growth regulators.
45488 pectin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving pectin, a group of galacturonic acid-containing, water-soluble colloidal carbohydrates of high molecular weight and of net negative charge.
45489 pectin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pectin, a polymer containing a backbone of alpha-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid residues.
45490 pectin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pectin, a polymer containing a backbone of alpha-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid residues.
45491 xylan metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylan, a polymer containing a beta-1,4-linked D-xylose backbone.
45492 xylan biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xylan, a polymer containing a beta-1,4-linked D-xylose backbone.
45493 xylan catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xylan, a polymer containing a beta-1,4-linked D-xylose backbone.
45494 photoreceptor cell maintenance P Any process preventing the degeneration of the photoreceptor, a specialized cell type that is sensitive to light.
45495 pole plasm C Differentiated cytoplasm associated with a pole (animal, vegetal, anterior, or posterior) of an oocyte, egg or early embryo.
45496 male analia development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the analia of the male over time, from formation to the mature structure. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
45497 female analia development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the analia of the female over time, from formation to the mature structure. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
45498 sex comb development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sex comb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sex combs are the male specific chaetae located on the prothoracic tarsal segment of the prothoracic leg.
45499 chemorepellent activity F Providing the environmental signal that initiates the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of that signal.
45500 sevenless signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to sevenless (sev; a receptor tyrosine kinase) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
45501 regulation of sevenless signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the sevenless signaling pathway.
45502 dynein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with dynein, the multisubunit protein complex that is associated with microtubules.
45503 dynein light chain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a light chain of the dynein complex.
45504 dynein heavy chain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a heavy chain of the dynein complex.
45505 dynein intermediate chain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an intermediate chain of the dynein complex.
45506 interleukin-24 receptor activity F Combining with interleukin-24 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
45507 interleukin-25 receptor activity F Combining with interleukin-25 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
45508 interleukin-26 receptor activity F Combining with interleukin-26 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
45509 interleukin-27 receptor activity F Combining with interleukin-27 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
45510 interleukin-24 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with interleukin-24.
45511 interleukin-25 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with interleukin-25.
45512 interleukin-26 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with interleukin-26.
45513 interleukin-27 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with interleukin-27.
45514 interleukin-16 receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-16 receptor.
45515 interleukin-18 receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-18 receptor.
45516 interleukin-19 receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-19 receptor.
45517 interleukin-20 receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-20 receptor.
45518 interleukin-22 receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-22 receptor.
45519 interleukin-23 receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-23 receptor.
45520 interleukin-24 receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-24 receptor.
45521 interleukin-25 receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-25 receptor.
45522 interleukin-26 receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-26 receptor.
45523 interleukin-27 receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-27 receptor.
45524 interleukin-24 biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-24.
45525 interleukin-25 biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-25.
45526 interleukin-26 biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-26.
45527 interleukin-27 biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-27.
45528 regulation of interleukin-24 biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-24.
45529 regulation of interleukin-25 biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-25.
45530 regulation of interleukin-26 biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-26.
45531 regulation of interleukin-27 biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-27.
45532 negative regulation of interleukin-24 biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-24.
45533 negative regulation of interleukin-25 biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-25.
45534 negative regulation of interleukin-26 biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-26.
45535 negative regulation of interleukin-27 biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-27.
45536 positive regulation of interleukin-24 biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-24.
45537 positive regulation of interleukin-25 biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-25.
45538 positive regulation of interleukin-26 biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-26.
45539 positive regulation of interleukin-27 biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-27.
45540 regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol.
45541 negative regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol.
45542 positive regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol.
45543 gibberellin 2-beta-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a gibberellin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = a 2-beta-hydroxygibberellin + succinate + CO2.
45544 gibberellin 20-oxidase activity F Catalysis of the oxidation of C-20 gibberellins to form the corresponding C-19 lactones.
45545 syndecan binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with syndecan, an integral membrane proteoglycan (250-300 kDa) associated largely with epithelial cells.
45547 dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase activity F Catalysis of the condensation of isopentenyl diphosphate and farnesyl diphosphate in the cis-configuration to form dehydrodolichyl diphosphate.
45548 phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine = NH(4)(+) + trans-cinnamate.
45549 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reactions: a 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid + O2 = 2-cis,4-trans-xanthoxin + a 12'-apo-carotenal; 9-cis-violaxanthin + O2 = 2-cis,4-trans-xanthoxin + (3S,5R,6S)-5,6-epoxy-3-hydroxy-5,6-dihydro-12'-apo-beta-caroten-12'-al; and 9'-cis-neoxanthin + O2 = 2-cis,4-trans-xanthoxin + (3S,5R,6R)-5,6-dihydroxy-6,7-didehydro-5,6-dihydro-12'-apo-beta-caroten-12'-al.
45550 geranylgeranyl reductase activity F Catalysis of the formation of phytyl group from the stepwise reduction of a geranylgeranyl group.
45551 cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+ = cinnamaldehyde + NADPH + H+.
45552 dihydrokaempferol 4-reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cis-3,4-leucopelargonidin + NADP+ = (+)-dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + H+.
45553 TRAIL biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand). TRAIL induces apoptosis in a wide variety of cells and is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family of cytokines.
45554 regulation of TRAIL biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand.
45555 negative regulation of TRAIL biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand.
45556 positive regulation of TRAIL biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand.
45557 TRAIL receptor biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor.
45558 TRAIL receptor 1 biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL-R1 (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand receptor 1), which engages a caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway.
45559 TRAIL receptor 2 biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL-R2 (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand receptor 2), which engages a caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway and mediates apoptosis via the intracellular adaptor molecule FADD/MORT1.
45560 regulation of TRAIL receptor biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor.
45561 regulation of TRAIL receptor 1 biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 1.
45562 regulation of TRAIL receptor 2 biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 2.
45563 negative regulation of TRAIL receptor biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor.
45564 positive regulation of TRAIL receptor biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor.
45565 negative regulation of TRAIL receptor 1 biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 1.
45566 positive regulation of TRAIL receptor 1 biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 1.
45567 negative regulation of TRAIL receptor 2 biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 2.
45568 positive regulation of TRAIL receptor 2 biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 2.
45569 TRAIL binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand), a member of the tumor necrosis factor ligand family that rapidly induces apoptosis in a variety of transformed cell lines.
45570 regulation of imaginal disc growth P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the growth of the imaginal disc.
45571 negative regulation of imaginal disc growth P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of imaginal disc growth.
45572 positive regulation of imaginal disc growth P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of imaginal disc growth.
45574 sterigmatocystin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sterigmatocystin, a carcinogenic mycotoxin produced in high yields by strains of the common molds.
45575 basophil activation P The change in morphology and behavior of a basophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, soluble factor, or to (at least in mammals) an antigen which the basophil has specifically bound via IgE bound to Fc-epsilonRI receptors.
45576 mast cell activation P The change in morphology and behavior of a mast cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, soluble factor, or to (at least in mammals) an antigen which the mast cell has specifically bound via IgE bound to Fc-epsilonRI receptors.
45577 regulation of B cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation.
45578 negative regulation of B cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation.
45579 positive regulation of B cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation.
45580 regulation of T cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation.
45581 negative regulation of T cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation.
45582 positive regulation of T cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation.
45583 regulation of cytotoxic T cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell differentiation.
45584 negative regulation of cytotoxic T cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell differentiation.
45585 positive regulation of cytotoxic T cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell differentiation.
45586 regulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell differentiation.
45587 negative regulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell differentiation.
45588 positive regulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell differentiation.
45589 regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of regulatory T cells.
45590 negative regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of differentiation of regulatory T cells.
45591 positive regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of regulatory T cells.
45592 regulation of cumulus cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ovarian cumulus cell differentiation.
45593 negative regulation of cumulus cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ovarian cumulus cell differentiation.
45594 positive regulation of cumulus cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ovarian cumulus cell differentiation.
45595 regulation of cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation, the process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features.
45596 negative regulation of cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation.
45597 positive regulation of cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation.
45598 regulation of fat cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation.
45599 negative regulation of fat cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation.
45600 positive regulation of fat cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation.
45601 regulation of endothelial cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell differentiation.
45602 negative regulation of endothelial cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell differentiation.
45603 positive regulation of endothelial cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell differentiation.
45604 regulation of epidermal cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal cell differentiation.
45605 negative regulation of epidermal cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal cell differentiation.
45606 positive regulation of epidermal cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal cell differentiation.
45607 regulation of auditory receptor cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of auditory hair cell differentiation.
45608 negative regulation of auditory receptor cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of auditory hair cell differentiation.
45609 positive regulation of auditory receptor cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of auditory hair cell differentiation.
45610 regulation of hemocyte differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hemocyte differentiation.
45611 negative regulation of hemocyte differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hemocyte differentiation.
45612 positive regulation of hemocyte differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hemocyte differentiation.
45613 regulation of plasmatocyte differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plasmatocyte differentiation.
45614 negative regulation of plasmatocyte differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of plasmatocyte differentiation.
45615 positive regulation of plasmatocyte differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of plasmatocyte differentiation.
45616 regulation of keratinocyte differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte differentiation.
45617 negative regulation of keratinocyte differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte differentiation.
45618 positive regulation of keratinocyte differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte differentiation.
45619 regulation of lymphocyte differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation.
45620 negative regulation of lymphocyte differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation.
45621 positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation.
45622 regulation of T-helper cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper cell differentiation.
45623 negative regulation of T-helper cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper cell differentiation.
45624 positive regulation of T-helper cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper cell differentiation.
45625 regulation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell differentiation.
45626 negative regulation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell differentiation.
45627 positive regulation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell differentiation.
45628 regulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell differentiation.
45629 negative regulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell differentiation.
45630 positive regulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell differentiation.
45631 regulation of mechanoreceptor differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mechanoreceptor differentiation.
45632 negative regulation of mechanoreceptor differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mechanoreceptor differentiation.
45633 positive regulation of mechanoreceptor differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mechanoreceptor differentiation.
45634 regulation of melanocyte differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of melanocyte differentiation.
45635 negative regulation of melanocyte differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of melanocyte differentiation.
45636 positive regulation of melanocyte differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of melanocyte differentiation.
45637 regulation of myeloid cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation.
45638 negative regulation of myeloid cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation.
45639 positive regulation of myeloid cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation.
45640 regulation of basophil differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of basophil differentiation.
45641 negative regulation of basophil differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of basophil differentiation.
45642 positive regulation of basophil differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of basophil differentiation.
45643 regulation of eosinophil differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil differentiation.
45644 negative regulation of eosinophil differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil differentiation.
45645 positive regulation of eosinophil differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil differentiation.
45646 regulation of erythrocyte differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation.
45647 negative regulation of erythrocyte differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation.
45648 positive regulation of erythrocyte differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation.
45649 regulation of macrophage differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage differentiation.
45650 negative regulation of macrophage differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage differentiation.
45651 positive regulation of macrophage differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage differentiation.
45652 regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of megakaryocyte differentiation.
45653 negative regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of megakaryocyte differentiation.
45654 positive regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of megakaryocyte differentiation.
45655 regulation of monocyte differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte differentiation.
45656 negative regulation of monocyte differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte differentiation.
45657 positive regulation of monocyte differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte differentiation.
45658 regulation of neutrophil differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil differentiation.
45659 negative regulation of neutrophil differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil differentiation.
45660 positive regulation of neutrophil differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil differentiation.
45661 regulation of myoblast differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
45662 negative regulation of myoblast differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
45663 positive regulation of myoblast differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
45664 regulation of neuron differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation.
45665 negative regulation of neuron differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation.
45666 positive regulation of neuron differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation.
45667 regulation of osteoblast differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation.
45668 negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation.
45669 positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation.
45670 regulation of osteoclast differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation.
45671 negative regulation of osteoclast differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation.
45672 positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation.
45676 regulation of R7 cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of R7 differentiation.
45677 negative regulation of R7 cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of R7cell differentiation.
45678 positive regulation of R7 cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of R7 cell differentiation.
45679 regulation of R8 cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of R8 differentiation.
45680 negative regulation of R8 cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of R8 cell differentiation.
45681 positive regulation of R8 cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of R8 cell differentiation.
45682 regulation of epidermis development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epidermis development.
45683 negative regulation of epidermis development P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermis development.
45684 positive regulation of epidermis development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermis development.
45685 regulation of glial cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glia cell differentiation.
45686 negative regulation of glial cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glia cell differentiation.
45687 positive regulation of glial cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glia cell differentiation.
45688 regulation of antipodal cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of antipodal cell differentiation.
45689 negative regulation of antipodal cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of antipodal cell differentiation.
45690 positive regulation of antipodal cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of antipodal cell differentiation.
45691 regulation of embryo sac central cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of female gametophyte central cell differentiation.
45692 negative regulation of embryo sac central cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of embryo sac central cell differentiation.
45693 positive regulation of embryo sac central cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of embryo sac central cell differentiation.
45694 regulation of embryo sac egg cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of embryo sac egg cell differentiation.
45695 negative regulation of embryo sac egg cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of embryo sac egg cell differentiation.
45696 positive regulation of embryo sac egg cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of embryo sac egg cell differentiation.
45697 regulation of synergid differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synergid cell differentiation.
45698 negative regulation of synergid differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synergid cell differentiation.
45699 positive regulation of synergid differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synergid cell differentiation.
45700 regulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spermatid nuclear differentiation.
45701 negative regulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spermatid nuclear differentiation.
45702 positive regulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spermatid nuclear differentiation.
45703 ketoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reduction of a ketone group to form the corresponding alcohol.
45704 regulation of salivary gland boundary specification P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination.
45705 negative regulation of salivary gland boundary specification P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination.
45706 positive regulation of salivary gland boundary specification P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination.
45707 regulation of adult salivary gland boundary specification P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in an adult organism.
45708 regulation of larval salivary gland boundary specification P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in a larval organism.
45709 negative regulation of adult salivary gland boundary specification P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in an adult organism.
45710 negative regulation of larval salivary gland boundary specification P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in a larval organism.
45711 positive regulation of adult salivary gland boundary specification P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in an adult organism.
45712 positive regulation of larval salivary gland boundary specification P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in a larval organism.
45713 low-density lipoprotein particle receptor biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of low-density lipoprotein receptors, cell surface proteins that mediate the endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein particles by cells.
45714 regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptors.
45715 negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptors.
45716 positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of low-density lipoprotein receptors.
45717 negative regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acids.
45719 negative regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen.
45720 negative regulation of integrin biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins.
45721 negative regulation of gluconeogenesis P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis.
45722 positive regulation of gluconeogenesis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis.
45723 positive regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acids.
45724 positive regulation of cilium assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a cilium.
45725 positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen.
45726 positive regulation of integrin biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins.
45727 positive regulation of translation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA.
45728 respiratory burst after phagocytosis P A phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases, that occurs in neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages shortly after phagocytosing material. An enhanced uptake of oxygen leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals, which play a part in microbiocidal activity.
45729 respiratory burst at fertilization P The phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases, that occurs at fertilization. An enhanced uptake of oxygen leads to the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals. Capacitation, a necessary prerequisite event to successful fertilization, can be induced by reactive oxygen species in vitro; hydrogen peroxide is used as an extracellular oxidant to cross-link the protective surface envelopes.
45730 respiratory burst P A phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.
45732 positive regulation of protein catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds.
45733 acetate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate, the anion of acetic acid.
45734 regulation of acetate catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate, the anion of acetic acid.
45735 nutrient reservoir activity F Functions in the storage of nutritious substrates.
45736 negative regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity.
45737 positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CDK activity.
45738 negative regulation of DNA repair P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA repair.
45739 positive regulation of DNA repair P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA repair.
45740 positive regulation of DNA replication P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication.
45741 positive regulation of epidermal growth factor-activated receptor activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of EGF-activated receptor activity.
45742 positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.
45743 positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.
45744 negative regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway activity.
45745 positive regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway activity.
45746 negative regulation of Notch signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway.
45747 positive regulation of Notch signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway.
45748 positive regulation of R8 cell spacing in compound eye P Any process that activates or enforces the correct R8 cell spacing in a compound eye.
45751 negative regulation of Toll signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Tl signaling pathway.
45752 positive regulation of Toll signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Tl signaling pathway.
45753 negative regulation of acetate catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
45754 positive regulation of acetate catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
45755 negative regulation of initiation of acetate catabolic process by acetate P Any process that stops or prevents the activation, by acetate, of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
45756 positive regulation of initiation of acetate catabolic process by acetate P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activation, by acetate, of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
45759 negative regulation of action potential P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.
45760 positive regulation of action potential P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.
45761 regulation of adenylate cyclase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase activity.
45762 positive regulation of adenylate cyclase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase activity.
45763 negative regulation of cellular amino acid metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acid.
45764 positive regulation of cellular amino acid metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acid.
45765 regulation of angiogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of angiogenesis.
45766 positive regulation of angiogenesis P Any process that activates or increases angiogenesis.
45769 negative regulation of asymmetric cell division P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric cell division.
45770 positive regulation of asymmetric cell division P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric cell division.
45771 negative regulation of autophagosome size P Any process that reduces autophagosome size.
45772 positive regulation of autophagosome size P Any process that increases autophagosome size.
45773 positive regulation of axon extension P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension.
45774 negative regulation of beta 2 integrin biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta 2 integrins.
45775 positive regulation of beta 2 integrin biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta 2 integrins.
45776 negative regulation of blood pressure P Any process in which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is decreased.
45777 positive regulation of blood pressure P Any process in which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is increased.
45778 positive regulation of ossification P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone formation.
45779 negative regulation of bone resorption P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone resorption.
45780 positive regulation of bone resorption P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone resorption.
45781 negative regulation of cell budding P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell budding.
45782 positive regulation of cell budding P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell budding.
45785 positive regulation of cell adhesion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion.
45786 negative regulation of cell cycle P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.
45787 positive regulation of cell cycle P Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.
45792 negative regulation of cell size P Any process that reduces cell size.
45793 positive regulation of cell size P Any process that increases cell size.
45794 negative regulation of cell volume P Any process that decreases cell volume.
45795 positive regulation of cell volume P Any process that increases cell volume.
45796 negative regulation of intestinal cholesterol absorption P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of uptake of cholesterol into the blood by absorption from the intestine.
45797 positive regulation of intestinal cholesterol absorption P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of uptake of cholesterol into the blood by absorption from the intestine.
45798 negative regulation of chromatin assembly or disassembly P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin assembly or disassembly.
45799 positive regulation of chromatin assembly or disassembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin assembly or disassembly.
45800 negative regulation of chitin-based cuticle tanning P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chitin-based cuticular tanning.
45801 positive regulation of chitin-based cuticle tanning P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chitin-based cuticular tanning.
45804 negative regulation of eclosion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eclosion.
45805 positive regulation of eclosion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eclosion.
45806 negative regulation of endocytosis P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis.
45807 positive regulation of endocytosis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis.
45808 negative regulation of establishment of competence for transformation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of competence for transformation.
45809 positive regulation of establishment of competence for transformation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of competence for transformation.
45812 negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC).
45813 positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC).
45814 negative regulation of gene expression, epigenetic P Any epigenetic process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of gene expression.
45815 positive regulation of gene expression, epigenetic P Any epigenetic process that activates or increases the rate of gene expression.
45818 negative regulation of glycogen catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen.
45819 positive regulation of glycogen catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen.
45820 negative regulation of glycolytic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis.
45821 positive regulation of glycolytic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis.
45822 negative regulation of heart contraction P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction.
45823 positive regulation of heart contraction P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction.
45824 negative regulation of innate immune response P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response.
45827 negative regulation of isoprenoid metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoid.
45828 positive regulation of isoprenoid metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoid.
45829 negative regulation of isotype switching P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching.
45830 positive regulation of isotype switching P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching.
45831 negative regulation of light-activated channel activity P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of light-activated channel activity.
45832 positive regulation of light-activated channel activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of light-activated channel activity.
45833 negative regulation of lipid metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids.
45834 positive regulation of lipid metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids.
45835 negative regulation of meiotic nuclear division P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis.
45836 positive regulation of meiotic nuclear division P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis.
45837 negative regulation of membrane potential P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.
45838 positive regulation of membrane potential P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.
45839 negative regulation of mitotic nuclear division P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mitosis. Mitosis is the division of the eukaryotic cell nucleus to produce two daughter nuclei that, usually, contain the identical chromosome complement to their mother.
45840 positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis.
45841 negative regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis, triggered by the activation of the anaphase promoting complex by Cdc20/Sleepy homolog which results in the degradation of Securin.
45842 positive regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis, triggered by the activation of the anaphase promoting complex by Cdc20/Sleepy homolog which results in the degradation of Securin.
45843 negative regulation of striated muscle tissue development P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle development.
45844 positive regulation of striated muscle tissue development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle development.
45847 negative regulation of nitrogen utilization P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nitrogen utilization.
45848 positive regulation of nitrogen utilization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nitrogen utilization.
45849 negative regulation of nurse cell apoptotic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nurse cell apoptotic process.
45850 positive regulation of nurse cell apoptotic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nurse cell apoptotic process.
45851 pH reduction P Any process that reduces the internal pH of an organism, part of an organism or a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.
45852 pH elevation P Any process that increases the internal pH of an organism, part of an organism or a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.
45853 negative regulation of bicoid mRNA localization P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which bicoid mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
45854 positive regulation of bicoid mRNA localization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which bicoid mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
45855 negative regulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process in which oskar mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm.
45856 positive regulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which oskar mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm.
45857 negative regulation of molecular function, epigenetic P Any heritable epigenetic process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein function by self-perpetuating conformational conversions of normal proteins in healthy cells. This is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. A single protein, if it carries a glutamine/asparagine-rich ('prion') domain, can sometimes stably exist in at least two distinct physical states, each associated with a different phenotype; propagation of one of these traits is achieved by a self-perpetuating change in the protein from one form to the other, mediated by conformational changes in the glutamine/asparagine-rich domain. Prion domains are both modular and transferable to other proteins, on which they can confer a heritable epigenetic alteration of function; existing bioinformatics data indicate that they are rare in non-eukarya, but common in eukarya.
45858 positive regulation of molecular function, epigenetic P Any heritable epigenetic process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein function by self-perpetuating conformational conversions of normal proteins in healthy cells. This is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. A single protein, if it carries a glutamine/asparagine-rich ('prion') domain, can sometimes stably exist in at least two distinct physical states, each associated with a different phenotype; propagation of one of these traits is achieved by a self-perpetuating change in the protein from one form to the other, mediated by conformational changes in the glutamine/asparagine-rich domain. Prion domains are both modular and transferable to other proteins, on which they can confer a heritable epigenetic alteration of function; existing bioinformatics data indicate that they are rare in non-eukarya, but common in eukarya.
45859 regulation of protein kinase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity.
45860 positive regulation of protein kinase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity.
45861 negative regulation of proteolysis P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein.
45862 positive regulation of proteolysis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein.
45863 negative regulation of pteridine metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving pteridine.
45864 positive regulation of pteridine metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving pteridine.
45869 negative regulation of single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate.
45870 positive regulation of single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retroviral genome replication.
45871 negative regulation of rhodopsin gene expression P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of rhodopsin gene expression.
45872 positive regulation of rhodopsin gene expression P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of rhodopsin gene expression.
45873 negative regulation of sevenless signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the sevenless signaling pathway.
45874 positive regulation of sevenless signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the sevenless signaling pathway.
45875 negative regulation of sister chromatid cohesion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid cohesion.
45876 positive regulation of sister chromatid cohesion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid cohesion.
45879 negative regulation of smoothened signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling.
45880 positive regulation of smoothened signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling.
45881 positive regulation of sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sporulation.
45882 negative regulation of sulfur utilization P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sulfur utilization.
45883 positive regulation of sulfur utilization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sulfur utilization.
45886 negative regulation of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction.
45887 positive regulation of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction.
45892 negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
45893 positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
45894 negative regulation of mating-type specific transcription, DNA-templated P Any mating-type specific process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
45895 positive regulation of mating-type specific transcription, DNA-templated P Any mating-type specific process that activates or increases the rate of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
45896 regulation of transcription during mitotic cell cycle P A cell cycle process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription that occurs during the mitotic cell cycle.
45897 positive regulation of transcription during mitotic cell cycle P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription that occurs during the mitotic cell cycle.
45898 regulation of RNA polymerase II transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase II transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly.
45899 positive regulation of RNA polymerase II transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase II transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly.
45900 negative regulation of translational elongation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translational elongation.
45901 positive regulation of translational elongation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translational elongation.
45902 negative regulation of translational fidelity P Any process that decreases the ability of the translational apparatus to interpret the genetic code.
45903 positive regulation of translational fidelity P Any process that increases the ability of the translational apparatus to interpret the genetic code.
45904 negative regulation of translational termination P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translational termination.
45905 positive regulation of translational termination P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translational termination.
45906 negative regulation of vasoconstriction P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vasoconstriction.
45907 positive regulation of vasoconstriction P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vasoconstriction.
45908 negative regulation of vasodilation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vasodilation.
45909 positive regulation of vasodilation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vasodilation.
45910 negative regulation of DNA recombination P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination.
45911 positive regulation of DNA recombination P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination.
45912 negative regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrate.
45913 positive regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrate.
45914 negative regulation of catecholamine metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catecholamine.
45915 positive regulation of catecholamine metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catecholamine.
45916 negative regulation of complement activation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation.
45917 positive regulation of complement activation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation.
45918 negative regulation of cytolysis P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytolysis.
45919 positive regulation of cytolysis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytolysis.
45920 negative regulation of exocytosis P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of exocytosis.
45921 positive regulation of exocytosis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of exocytosis.
45922 negative regulation of fatty acid metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids.
45923 positive regulation of fatty acid metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids.
45924 regulation of female receptivity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the willingness or readiness of a female to receive male advances.
45925 positive regulation of female receptivity P Any process that activates or increases the receptiveness of a female to male advances.
45926 negative regulation of growth P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of growth, the increase in size or mass of all or part of an organism.
45927 positive regulation of growth P Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of growth, the increase in size or mass of all or part of an organism.
45928 negative regulation of juvenile hormone metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving juvenile hormone.
45929 positive regulation of juvenile hormone metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving juvenile hormone.
45930 negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle.
45931 positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle P Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle.
45932 negative regulation of muscle contraction P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction.
45933 positive regulation of muscle contraction P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction.
45934 negative regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process P Any cellular process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.
45935 positive regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process P Any cellular process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.
45936 negative regulation of phosphate metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphates.
45937 positive regulation of phosphate metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphates.
45938 positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep P Any process that activates or increases the duration or quality of sleep, a readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity that occurs periodically in many animals.
45939 negative regulation of steroid metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids.
45940 positive regulation of steroid metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids.
45942 negative regulation of phosphorus utilization P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphorus utilization.
45943 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase I promoter.
45944 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
45945 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase III promoter.
45947 negative regulation of translational initiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translational initiation.
45948 positive regulation of translational initiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translational initiation.
45949 positive regulation of phosphorus utilization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphorus utilization.
45950 negative regulation of mitotic recombination P Any process that inhibits or decreases the rate of DNA recombination during mitosis.
45951 positive regulation of mitotic recombination P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination during mitosis.
45952 regulation of juvenile hormone catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of juvenile hormone.
45953 negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of natural killer mediated cytotoxicity.
45954 positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity.
45955 negative regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis.
45956 positive regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis.
45957 negative regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the alternative pathway.
45958 positive regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the alternative pathway.
45959 negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the classical pathway.
45960 positive regulation of complement activation, classical pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the classical pathway.
45961 negative regulation of development, heterochronic P Any process that modulates the consistent predetermined time point at which an integrated living unit or organism progresses from an initial condition to a later condition and decreases the rate at which this time point is reached.
45962 positive regulation of development, heterochronic P Any process that modulates the consistent predetermined time point at which an integrated living unit or organism progresses from an initial condition to a later condition and increases the rate at which this time point is reached.
45963 negative regulation of dopamine metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving dopamine.
45964 positive regulation of dopamine metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving dopamine.
45965 negative regulation of ecdysteroid metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving ecdysteroids.
45966 positive regulation of ecdysteroid metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving ecdysteroids.
45967 negative regulation of growth rate P Any process that reduces the rate of growth of all or part of an organism.
45968 negative regulation of juvenile hormone biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of juvenile hormone.
45969 positive regulation of juvenile hormone biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of juvenile hormone.
45970 negative regulation of juvenile hormone catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of juvenile hormone.
45971 positive regulation of juvenile hormone catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of juvenile hormone.
45972 negative regulation of juvenile hormone secretion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of juvenile hormone.
45973 positive regulation of juvenile hormone secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of juvenile hormone.
45974 regulation of translation, ncRNA-mediated P Any process, mediated by small non-coding RNAs, that modulates the frequency, rate or extent that mRNAs are effectively translated into protein.
45975 positive regulation of translation, ncRNA-mediated P Any process, mediated by small non-coding RNAs, that activates or increases the rate that mRNAs are effectively translated into protein.
45976 negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle, embryonic P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the embryonic mitotic cell cycle.
45977 positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle, embryonic P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of progression through the embryonic mitotic cell cycle.
45978 negative regulation of nucleoside metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleosides.
45979 positive regulation of nucleoside metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleosides.
45980 negative regulation of nucleotide metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleotides.
45981 positive regulation of nucleotide metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleotides.
45982 negative regulation of purine nucleobase metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving purine nucleobases.
45983 positive regulation of purine nucleobase metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving purine bases.
45984 negative regulation of pyrimidine nucleobase metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine nucleobases.
45985 positive regulation of pyrimidine nucleobase metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine nucleobases.
45986 negative regulation of smooth muscle contraction P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction.
45987 positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction.
45988 negative regulation of striated muscle contraction P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle contraction.
45989 positive regulation of striated muscle contraction P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle contraction.
45990 carbon catabolite regulation of transcription P A transcription regulation process in which the presence of one carbon source leads to the modulation of the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources.
45991 carbon catabolite activation of transcription P A transcription regulation process in which the presence of one carbon source leads to an increase in the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources.
45992 negative regulation of embryonic development P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development.
45993 negative regulation of translational initiation by iron P Any process involving iron that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of translational initiation.
45994 positive regulation of translational initiation by iron P Any process involving iron that activates or increases the rate of translational initiation.
45995 regulation of embryonic development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development.
45996 negative regulation of transcription by pheromones P Any process involving pheromones that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of transcription.
45997 negative regulation of ecdysteroid biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ecdysteroids.
45998 positive regulation of ecdysteroid biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ecdysteroids.
45999 negative regulation of ecdysteroid secretion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of ecdysteroid.
46000 positive regulation of ecdysteroid secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of ecdysteroid.
46001 negative regulation of preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle.
46002 positive regulation of preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle P Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle.
46003 negative regulation of syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle.
46004 positive regulation of syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle P Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle.
46005 positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep P Any process that activates or increases the duration or quality of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.
46006 regulation of activated T cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of activated T cell proliferation.
46007 negative regulation of activated T cell proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of activated T cell proliferation.
46008 regulation of female receptivity, post-mating P Any process that modulates the receptiveness of a female to male advances subsequent to mating.
46009 positive regulation of female receptivity, post-mating P Any process that increases the receptiveness of a female to male advances subsequent to mating.
46010 positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep P Any process that activates or increases the duration or quality of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep.
46011 regulation of oskar mRNA translation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oskar mRNA translation. To ensure the localization of Oskar protein at the posterior pole of the oocyte, translation of oskar mRNA is repressed during its transport to the posterior pole and activated upon localization of the mRNA at the posterior cortex.
46012 positive regulation of oskar mRNA translation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oskar mRNA translation.
46013 regulation of T cell homeostatic proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of resting T cell proliferation.
46014 negative regulation of T cell homeostatic proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of resting T cell proliferation.
46015 regulation of transcription by glucose P Any process involving glucose that modulates the frequency, rate or extent or transcription.
46016 positive regulation of transcription by glucose P Any process involving glucose that activates or increases the rate of transcription.
46017 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter during mitotic cell cycle P A cell cycle process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase I promoter that occurs during the mitotic cell cycle.
46018 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter during mitotic cell cycle P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase I promoter that occurs during the mitotic cell cycle.
46019 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by pheromones P Any process involving pheromones that modulates the frequency, rate or extent or transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
46020 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by pheromones P Any process involving pheromones that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
46021 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter during mitotic cell cycle P A cell cycle process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that occurs during the mitotic cell cycle.
46022 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter during mitotic cell cycle P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that occurs during the mitotic cell cycle.
46023 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter during mitotic cell cycle P A cell cycle process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase III promoter that occurs during the mitotic cell cycle.
46024 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter during mitotic cell cycle P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase III that occurs during the mitotic cell cycle.
46025 precorrin-6Y C5,15-methyltransferase (decarboxylating) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + precorrin-6Y = 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + precorrin-8X + CO2.
46026 precorrin-4 C11-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + precorrin-4 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + precorrin 5.
46027 phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phospholipid + 1,2-diacylglycerol = lysophospholipid + triacylglycerol.
46028 electron transporter, transferring electrons from cytochrome b6/f complex of photosystem II activity F Enables the directed movement of electrons from the cytochrome b6/f complex of photosystem II.
46029 mannitol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannitol + NAD(+) = D-mannose + H(+) + NADH.
46030 inositol trisphosphate phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol trisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol bisphosphate + phosphate.
46031 ADP metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving ADP, adenosine 5'-diphosphate.
46032 ADP catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ADP, adenosine 5'-diphosphate.
46033 AMP metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving AMP, adenosine monophosphate.
46034 ATP metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving ATP, adenosine triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.
46035 CMP metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving CMP, cytidine monophosphate.
46036 CTP metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving CTP, cytidine triphosphate.
46037 GMP metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving GMP, guanosine monophosphate.
46038 GMP catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of GMP, guanosine monophosphate.
46039 GTP metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving GTP, guanosine triphosphate.
46040 IMP metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving IMP, inosine monophosphate.
46041 ITP metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving ITP, inosine triphosphate.
46042 ITP biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ITP, inosine triphosphate.
46043 TDP metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving TDP, ribosylthymine diphosphate.
46044 TMP metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving TMP, ribosylthymine monophosphate.
46045 TMP catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of TMP, ribosylthymine monophosphate.
46046 TTP metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving TTP, ribosylthymine triphosphate.
46047 TTP catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of TTP, ribosylthymine triphosphate.
46048 UDP metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP, uridine (5'-)diphosphate.
46049 UMP metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving UMP, uridine monophosphate.
46050 UMP catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UMP, uridine monophosphate.
46051 UTP metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving UTP, uridine (5'-)triphosphate.
46052 UTP catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UTP, uridine (5'-)triphosphate.
46053 dAMP metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving dAMP, deoxyadenosine monophosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate).
46054 dGMP metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving dGMP, deoxyguanosine monophosphate (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate).
46055 dGMP catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dGMP, deoxyguanosine monophosphate (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate).
46056 dADP metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving dADP, deoxyadenosine diphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-diphosphate).
46057 dADP catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dADP, deoxyadenosine diphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-diphosphate).
46058 cAMP metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).
46059 dAMP catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dAMP, deoxyadenosine monophosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate).
46060 dATP metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving dATP, deoxyadenosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate).
46061 dATP catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dATP, deoxyadenosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate).
46062 dCDP metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving dCDP, deoxycytidine 5'-diphosphate.
46063 dCMP metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving dCMP, deoxycytidine monophosphate.
46064 dCMP biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dCMP, deoxycytidine monophosphate.
46065 dCTP metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving dCTP, deoxycytidine triphosphate.
46066 dGDP metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving dGDP, deoxyguanosine diphosphate, (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-diphosphate).
46067 dGDP catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dGDP, deoxyguanosine diphosphate, (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-diphosphate).
46068 cGMP metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-phosphate.
46069 cGMP catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-phosphate.
46070 dGTP metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving dGTP, guanosine triphosphate.
46071 dGTP biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dGTP, guanosine triphosphate.
46072 dTDP metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving dTDP, deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate.
46073 dTMP metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving dTMP, deoxyribosylthymine monophosphate (2'-deoxyribosylthymine 5'-phosphate).
46074 dTMP catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dTMP, deoxyribosylthymine monophosphate.
46075 dTTP metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving dTTP, deoxyribosylthymine triphosphate.
46076 dTTP catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dTTP, deoxyribosylthymine triphosphate.
46077 dUDP metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving dUDP, deoxyuridine (5'-)diphosphate.
46078 dUMP metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving dUMP, deoxyuridine (5'-)monophosphate (2'-deoxyuridine 5'-phosphate).
46079 dUMP catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dUMP, deoxyuridine (5'-)monophosphate.
46080 dUTP metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving dUTP, deoxyuridine (5'-)triphosphate.
46081 dUTP catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dUTP, deoxyuridine (5'-)triphosphate.
46082 5-methylcytosine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 5-methylcytosine, a methylated base of DNA.
46083 adenine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving adenine, 6-aminopurine, one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids and a component of numerous important derivatives of its corresponding ribonucleoside, adenosine.
46084 adenine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of adenine, 6-aminopurine, one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids and a component of numerous important derivatives of its corresponding ribonucleoside, adenosine.
46085 adenosine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving adenosine, adenine riboside, a ribonucleoside found widely distributed in cells of every type as the free nucleoside and in combination in nucleic acids and various nucleoside coenzymes.
46086 adenosine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of adenosine, adenine riboside, a ribonucleoside found widely distributed in cells of every type as the free nucleoside and in combination in nucleic acids and various nucleoside coenzymes.
46087 cytidine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving cytidine, cytosine riboside, a widely distributed nucleoside.
46088 cytidine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytidine, cytosine riboside, a widely distributed nucleoside.
46089 cytosine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytosine, 4-amino-2-hydroxypyrimidine, a pyrimidine derivative that is one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids; it occurs widely in cytidine derivatives.
46090 deoxyadenosine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxyadenosine, 2-deoxyribosyladenine, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.
46091 deoxyadenosine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of deoxyadenosine, 2-deoxyribosyladenine, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.
46092 deoxycytidine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxycytidine, 2-deoxyribosylcytosine, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.
46093 deoxycytidine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of deoxycytidine, 2-deoxyribosylcytosine, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.
46094 deoxyinosine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxyinosine, hypoxanthine deoxyriboside.
46095 deoxyinosine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of deoxyinosine, hypoxanthine deoxyriboside.
46096 deoxyuridine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxyuridine, 2-deoxyribosyluracil, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.
46097 deoxyuridine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of deoxyuridine, 2-deoxyribosyluracil, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.
46098 guanine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving guanine, 2-amino-6-hydroxypurine, a purine that is one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids and a component of a number of phosphorylated guanosine derivatives whose metabolic or regulatory functions are important.
46099 guanine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of guanine, 2-amino-6-hydroxypurine, a purine that is one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids and a component of a number of phosphorylated guanosine derivatives whose metabolic or regulatory functions are important.
46100 hypoxanthine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving hypoxanthine, 6-hydroxy purine, an intermediate in the degradation of adenylate. Its ribonucleoside is known as inosine and its ribonucleotide as inosinate.
46101 hypoxanthine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hypoxanthine, 6-hydroxy purine, an intermediate in the degradation of adenylate. Its ribonucleoside is known as inosine and its ribonucleotide as inosinate.
46102 inosine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving inosine, hypoxanthine riboside, a nucleoside found free but not in combination in nucleic acids except in the anticodons of some tRNAs.
46103 inosine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of inosine, hypoxanthine riboside, a nucleoside found free but not in combination in nucleic acids except in the anticodons of some tRNAs.
46104 thymidine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving thymidine, deoxyribosylthymine thymine 2-deoxyriboside, a deoxynucleoside very widely distributed but occurring almost entirely as phosphoric esters in deoxynucleotides and deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA.
46105 thymidine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thymidine, deoxyribosylthymine thymine 2-deoxyriboside, a deoxynucleoside very widely distributed but occurring almost entirely as phosphoric esters in deoxynucleotides and deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA.
46106 thymine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thymine, 5-methyluracil, one of the two major pyrimidine bases present (as thymidine) in DNA but not found in RNA other than (as ribothymidine) in transfer RNA, where it is a minor base.
46107 uracil biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of uracil, 2,4-dioxopyrimidine, one of the pyrimidine bases occurring in RNA, but not in DNA.
46108 uridine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving uridine, uracil riboside, a ribonucleoside very widely distributed but occurring almost entirely as phosphoric esters in ribonucleotides and ribonucleic acids.
46109 uridine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of uridine, uracil riboside, a ribonucleoside very widely distributed but occurring almost entirely as phosphoric esters in ribonucleotides and ribonucleic acids.
46110 xanthine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving xanthine, 2,6-dihydroxypurine, a purine formed in the metabolic breakdown of guanine but not present in nucleic acids.
46111 xanthine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xanthine, 2,6-dihydroxypurine, a purine formed in the metabolic breakdown of guanine but not present in nucleic acids.
46112 nucleobase biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleobase, a nitrogenous base that is a constituent of a nucleic acid.
46113 nucleobase catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleobase, a nitrogenous base that is a constituent of a nucleic acid.
46114 guanosine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of guanine, guanine riboside, a nucleoside with a wide species distribution.
46115 guanosine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guanine, guanine riboside, a nucleoside with a wide species distribution.
46116 queuosine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving queuosines, any of a series of nucleosides found in tRNA and having an additional pentenyl ring added via an NH group to the methyl group of 7-methylguanosine. The pentenyl ring may carry other substituents.
46117 queuosine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of queuosines, any of a series of nucleosides found in tRNA and having an additional pentenyl ring added via an NH group to the methyl group of 7-methylguanosine. The pentenyl ring may carry other substituents.
46118 7-methylguanosine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 7-methylguanosine, a modified nucleoside that forms a cap at the 5'-terminus of eukaryotic mRNA.
46119 7-methylguanosine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 7-methylguanosine, a modified nucleoside that forms a cap at the 5'-terminus of eukaryotic mRNA.
46120 deoxyribonucleoside biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
46121 deoxyribonucleoside catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
46122 purine deoxyribonucleoside metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
46123 purine deoxyribonucleoside biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any purine deoxyribonucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
46124 purine deoxyribonucleoside catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
46125 pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
46126 pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
46127 pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
46128 purine ribonucleoside metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which purine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule.
46129 purine ribonucleoside biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any purine ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which purine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule.
46130 purine ribonucleoside catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any purine ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which purine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule.
46131 pyrimidine ribonucleoside metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which pyrimidine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule.
46132 pyrimidine ribonucleoside biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which a pyrimidine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule.
46133 pyrimidine ribonucleoside catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which a pyrimidine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule.
46134 pyrimidine nucleoside biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
46135 pyrimidine nucleoside catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
46136 positive regulation of vitamin metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body.
46137 negative regulation of vitamin metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body.
46140 corrin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of corrin, C19H22N4, the fundamental heterocyclic skeleton of the corrinoids. It consists of four reduced pyrrole rings joined into a macrocyclic ring. Corrin is the core of the vitamin B12 molecule.
46141 corrin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of corrin, C19H22N4, the fundamental heterocyclic skeleton of the corrinoids. It consists of four reduced pyrrole rings joined into a macrocyclic ring. Corrin is the core of the vitamin B12 molecule.
46144 D-alanine family amino acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-alanine and related amino acids.
46145 D-alanine family amino acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-alanine and related amino acids.
46146 tetrahydrobiopterin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrahydrobiopterin, the reduced form of biopterin (2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-pteridine). It functions as a hydroxylation coenzyme, e.g. in the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine.
46147 tetrahydrobiopterin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tetrahydrobiopterin, the reduced form of biopterin (2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-pteridine). It functions as a hydroxylation coenzyme, e.g. in the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine.
46148 pigment biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, e.g. melanin.
46149 pigment catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, e.g. melanin.
46150 melanin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of melanins, pigments largely of animal origin. High molecular weight polymers of indole quinone, they are irregular polymeric structures and are divided into three groups: allomelanins in the plant kingdom and eumelanins and phaeomelanins in the animal kingdom.
46151 eye pigment catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of eye pigments, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, found or utilized in the eye.
46152 ommochrome metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving ommochromes, any of a large group of natural polycyclic pigments commonly found in the Arthropoda, particularly in the ommatidia of the compound eye.
46153 ommochrome catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ommochromes, any of a large group of natural polycyclic pigments commonly found in the Arthropoda, particularly in the ommatidia of the compound eye.
46154 rhodopsin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving rhodopsin, a brilliant purplish-red, light-sensitive visual pigment found in the rod cells of the retinas.
46155 rhodopsin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of rhodopsin, a brilliant purplish-red, light-sensitive visual pigment found in the rod cells of the retinas.
46156 siroheme metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving siroheme, a tetrahydroporphyrin with adjacent, reduced pyrrole rings.
46157 siroheme catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of siroheme, a tetrahydroporphyrin with adjacent, reduced pyrrole rings.
46158 ocellus pigment metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving ocellus pigments, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, found or utilized in the ocellus, a minute simple eye found in many invertebrates.
46159 ocellus pigment catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ocellus pigments, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, found or utilized in the ocellus, a minute simple eye found in many invertebrates.
46160 heme a metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving heme a, a derivative of heme found in cytochrome aa3.
46161 heme a catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heme a, a derivative of heme found in cytochrome aa3.
46162 heme c metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving heme c, a derivative of heme found in cytochromes c, b4, and f.
46163 heme c catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heme c, a derivative of heme found in cytochromes c, b4, and f.
46164 alcohol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom.
46165 alcohol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom.
46166 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, an important intermediate in glycolysis.
46167 glycerol-3-phosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerol-3-phosphate, a phosphoric monoester of glycerol.
46168 glycerol-3-phosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol-3-phosphate, a phosphoric monoester of glycerol.
46169 methanol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methanol, CH3-OH, a colorless, flammable, mobile, poisonous liquid, widely used as a solvent.
46170 methanol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methanol, CH3-OH, a colorless, flammable, mobile, poisonous liquid, widely used as a solvent.
46171 octanol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of octanol, the 8-carbon alcohol with the formula C8H17OH.
46172 octanol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of octanol, the 8-carbon alcohol with the formula C8H17OH.
46173 polyol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a polyol, any alcohol containing three or more hydroxyl groups attached to saturated carbon atoms.
46174 polyol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a polyol, any alcohol containing three or more hydroxyl groups attached to saturated carbon atoms.
46175 aldonic acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aldonic acid, a monocarboxylic acid with a chain of three or more carbon atoms, derived from an aldose by oxidation of the aldehydic group.
46176 aldonic acid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aldonic acid, a monocarboxylic acid with a chain of three or more carbon atoms, derived from an aldose by oxidation of the aldehydic group.
46177 D-gluconate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-gluconate, the anion of D-gluconic acid, the aldonic acid derived from glucose.
46178 D-gluconate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-gluconate, the anion of D-gluconic acid, the aldonic acid derived from glucose.
46179 keto-D-gluconate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of keto-D-gluconate, the anion of keto-D-gluconic acid, an aldonic acid derived from glucose.
46180 ketogluconate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ketogluconate, the anion of ketogluconic acid, an aldonic acid derived from glucose containing a ketonic carbonyl group.
46181 ketogluconate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ketogluconate, the anion of ketogluconic acid, an aldonic acid derived from glucose containing a ketonic carbonyl group.
46182 L-idonate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-idonate, the anion of idonic acid, an aldonic acid derived from L-idose, an aldohexose which is epimeric with D-glucose.
46183 L-idonate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-idonate, the anion of idonic acid, an aldonic acid derived from L-idose, an aldohexose which is epimeric with D-glucose.
46184 aldehyde biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aldehydes, any organic compound with the formula R-CH=O.
46185 aldehyde catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aldehydes, any organic compound with the formula R-CH=O.
46186 acetaldehyde biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetaldehyde, a colorless, flammable liquid intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol.
46187 acetaldehyde catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetaldehyde, a colorless, flammable liquid intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol.
46188 methane catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methane, a colorless, odorless, flammable gas with the formula CH4. It is the simplest of the alkanes.
46189 phenol-containing compound biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring.
46190 aerobic phenol-containing compound biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring, in the presence of oxygen.
46191 aerobic phenol-containing compound catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring, in the presence of oxygen.
46192 anaerobic phenol-containing compound biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring, in the absence of oxygen.
46193 anaerobic phenol-containing compound catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring, in the absence of oxygen.
46196 4-nitrophenol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 4-nitrophenol, a nitroaromatic compound which is used in the production of dyes, leather treatment agents, fungicides and as an intermediate in the production of the insecticide parathion.
46197 orcinol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of orcinol (5-methyl-1,3-benzenediol), an aromatic compound derived from the fermentation of lichen and synthesized by some higher plants.
46199 cresol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cresol, a mixture of the aromatic alcohol isoforms o-, p-, and m-cresol, which is obtained from coal tar or petroleum. The isomers are used as disinfectants, textile scouring agents, surfactants and as intermediates in the manufacture of salicylaldehyde, coumarin, and herbicides as well as being a major component of creosote.
46201 cyanate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyanate, NCO-, the anion of cyanic acid.
46202 cyanide biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyanide, NC-, the anion of hydrocyanic acid. Cyanide is a potent inhibitor of respiration.
46203 spermidine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.
46204 nor-spermidine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving nor-spermidine, a compound related to spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.
46205 nor-spermidine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nor-spermidine, a compound related to spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.
46206 trypanothione metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving trypanothione (N1,N6,-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine), an essential redox intermediate in intracellular thiol redox regulation which also plays a role in protecting against oxidative stress.
46207 trypanothione catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of trypanothione (N1,N6,-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine), an essential redox intermediate in intracellular thiol redox regulation which also plays a role in protecting against oxidative stress.
46208 spermine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of spermine, a polybasic amine found in human sperm, in ribosomes and in some viruses and involved in nucleic acid packaging.
46209 nitric oxide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide (NO), a colorless gas only slightly soluble in water.
46210 nitric oxide catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide (NO), a colorless gas only slightly soluble in water.
46211 (+)-camphor biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (+)-camphor, a bicyclic monoterpene ketone.
46213 methyl ethyl ketone catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methyl ethyl ketone, a clear, colorless liquid with a fragrant, mint-like odor.
46214 enterobactin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of enterobactin, a catechol-derived siderochrome of Enterobacteria; enterobactin (N',N',N''-(2,6,10-trioxo-1,5,9-triacyclodecane-3,7,11-triyl)tris(2,3-dihydroxy)benzamide) is a self-triester of 2,3-dihydroxy-N-benzoyl-L-serine and a product of the shikimate pathway.
46215 siderophore catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of siderophores, low molecular weight Fe(III)-chelating substances made by aerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacteria, especially when growing under iron deficient conditions. The complexes of Fe(3+)-siderophores have very high stability constants and are taken up by specific transport systems by microorganisms; the subsequent release of iron requires enzymatic action.
46216 indole phytoalexin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of indole phytoalexins, any indole compound produced by plants as part of their defense response.
46217 indole phytoalexin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving indole phytoalexins, any indole compound produced by plants as part of their defense response.
46218 indolalkylamine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of indolalkylamines, indole or indole derivatives containing a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine group.
46219 indolalkylamine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indolalkylamines, indole or indole derivatives containing a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine group.
46220 pyridine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyridine, a nitrogenous base (C5H5N) obtained from the distillation of bone oil or coal tar, and by the decomposition of certain alkaloids, as a colorless liquid with a peculiar pungent odor.
46221 pyridine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyridine, a nitrogenous base (C5H5N) obtained from the distillation of bone oil or coal tar, and by the decomposition of certain alkaloids, as a colorless liquid with a peculiar pungent odor.
46222 aflatoxin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving aflatoxin, a fungal metabolite found as a contaminant in moldy grains that induces liver cancer. Aflatoxin induces a G to T transversion at codon 249 of p53, leading to its inactivation. Aflatoxin is converted to a chemical carcinogen by P450.
46223 aflatoxin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aflatoxin, a fungal metabolite found as a contaminant in moldy grains that induces liver cancer. Aflatoxin induces a G to T transversion at codon 249 of p53, leading to its inactivation. Aflatoxin is converted to a chemical carcinogen by P450.
46224 bacteriocin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving bacteriocins, any of a heterogeneous group of polypeptide antibiotics that are secreted by certain bacterial strains and are able to kill cells of other susceptible (frequently related) strains after adsorption at specific receptors on the cell surface. They include the colicins, and their mechanisms of action vary.
46225 bacteriocin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a bacteriocin, any of a heterogeneous group of polypeptide antibiotics that are secreted by certain bacterial strains and are able to kill cells of other susceptible (frequently related) strains after adsorption at specific receptors on the cell surface. They include the colicins, and their mechanisms of action vary.
46226 coumarin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of coumarins, compounds derived from the phenylacrylic skeleton of cinnamic acids.
46228 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, a chlorinated aromatic compound widely used as a herbicide.
46230 2-aminobenzenesulfonate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-aminobenzenesulfonate, an aromatic sulfonate used in organic synthesis and in the manufacture of various dyes and medicines.
46232 carbazole catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbazole, a heterocyclic aromatic compound containing a dibenzopyrrole system that is produced during coal gasification and is present in cigarette smoke. Coal tar produced at high temperature contains an average of 1.5% carbazole. It is used widely in synthesis of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and plastics and is a suspected carcinogen.
46235 gallate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gallate, the anion of gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid).
46236 mandelate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mandelate, the anion of mandelic acid. Mandelic acid (alpha-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid) is an 8-carbon alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) that is used in organic chemistry and as a urinary antiseptic.
46239 phthalate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phthalate, the anion of phthalic acid.
46244 salicylic acid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of salicylic acid (2-hydroxybenzoic acid), a derivative of benzoic acid.
46246 terpene biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of terpenes, any of a large group of hydrocarbons made up of isoprene units.
46247 terpene catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of terpenes, any of a large group of hydrocarbons made up of isoprene units.
46248 alpha-pinene biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alpha-pinene, a monoterpene that may be a significant factor affecting bacterial activities in nature.
46249 alpha-pinene catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alpha-pinene, a monoterpene that may be a significant factor affecting bacterial activities in nature.
46250 limonene biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of limonene (4-isopropenyl-1-methyl-cyclohexene), a monocyclic monoterpene.
46251 limonene catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of limonene (4-isopropenyl-1-methyl-cyclohexene), a monocyclic monoterpene.
46252 toluene biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of toluene, a volatile monoaromatic hydrocarbon found in crude petroleum and petroleum products.
46253 anaerobic toluene biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of toluene, a volatile monoaromatic hydrocarbon found in crude petroleum and petroleum products, in the absence of oxygen.
46254 anaerobic toluene catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of toluene, a volatile monoaromatic hydrocarbon found in crude petroleum and petroleum products, in the absence of oxygen.
46256 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, a highly explosive pale yellow crystalline solid.
46258 anaerobic 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, a highly explosive pale yellow crystalline solid, in the absence of oxygen.
46260 trinitrotoluene catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of trinitrotoluene, a methylated benzene entity with three NO2 groups attached to it. This includes the explosive TNT, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene.
46263 nitrotoluene catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nitrotoluene, any methylbenzene molecule with NO2 group(s) attached.
46265 thiocyanate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of thiocyanate, any anion of thiocyanic acid.
46267 triethanolamine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of triethanolamine, a combustible, hygroscopic, colorless liquid commonly used in dry-cleaning solutions, cosmetics, detergents, textile processing, wool scouring, and as a corrosion inhibitor and pharmaceutical alkalizing agent.
46269 toluene-4-sulfonate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of toluene-4-sulfonate, 4-methylbenzenesulfonate, the anion of sulfonic acid attached to a methylbenzene molecule.
46271 phenylpropanoid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aromatic derivatives of trans-cinnamic acid.
46272 stilbene catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of stilbenes, a class of polyketide compounds formed from cinnamic acid and three molecules of malonyl CoA.
46273 lignan catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lignans, any member of a class of plant metabolites related to lignins. Lignans are usually found as phenylpropanoid dimers in which the phenylpropanoid units are linked tail to tail and thus having a 2,3 dibenzylbutane skeleton, but higher oligomers can also exist.
46274 lignin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lignins, a class of polymers of phenylpropanoid units.
46275 flavonoid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of flavonoids, a group of phenolic derivatives containing a flavan skeleton.
46276 methylgallate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylgallate, trihydroxymethylbenzoate, the anion of methylgallic acid.
46277 methylgallate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methylgallate, trihydroxymethylbenzoate, the anion of methylgallic acid.
46278 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving protocatechuate, the anion of protocatechuic acid (3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid).
46279 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate.
46280 chalcone catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chalcone, phenyl steryl ketone or its hydroxylated derivatives.
46281 cinnamic acid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cinnamic acid, 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid.
46282 cinnamic acid ester catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ester derivatives of cinnamic acid, phenylpropenoic acid.
46283 anthocyanin-containing compound metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving anthocyanins, any member of a group of intensely colored soluble glycosides of anthocyanidins that occur in plants. They are responsible from most of the scarlet, purple, mauve and blue coloring in higher plants, especially of flowers.
46284 anthocyanin-containing compound catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of anthocyanins, any member of a group of intensely colored soluble glycosides of anthocyanidins.
46285 flavonoid phytoalexin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving flavonoid phytoalexins, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives containing a flavan skeleton, which possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection.
46286 flavonoid phytoalexin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of flavonoid phytoalexins, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives containing a flavan skeleton, which possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection.
46287 isoflavonoid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoflavonoids, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives, isomeric with flavonoids, containing a flavan skeleton. They are differentiated from flavonoids by the point of attachment of the aromatic ring group.
46288 isoflavonoid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isoflavonoids, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives, isomeric with flavonoids.
46289 isoflavonoid phytoalexin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoflavonoid phytoalexins, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives isomeric with flavonoids that possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection.
46290 isoflavonoid phytoalexin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isoflavonoid phytoalexins, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives isomeric with flavonoids that possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection.
46292 formaldehyde metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving formaldehyde (methanal, H2C=O), a colorless liquid or gas with a pungent odor, commonly used as a fixative or an antibacterial agent.
46293 formaldehyde biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of formaldehyde (methanal, H2C=O), the simplest aldehyde.
46294 formaldehyde catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of formaldehyde (methanal, H2C=O), the simplest aldehyde.
46295 glycolate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycolate, the anion of hydroxyethanoic acid (glycolic acid).
46296 glycolate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycolate, the anion of hydroxyethanoic acid (glycolic acid).
46298 2,4-dichlorobenzoate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,4-dichlorobenzoate, a chlorinated aromatic compound which is a key intermediate in the aerobic degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
46300 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, a chlorinated phenoxy compound which functions as a systemic herbicide and is used to control many types of broadleaf weeds.
46302 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide, an acylanide herbicide widely used to protect corn, onion, cabbage, rose bushes, and ornamental plants.
46304 2-nitropropane catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-nitropropane, a clear, colorless liquid with a mild, fruity odor.
46305 alkanesulfonate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alkanesulfonates, the anion of alkanesulfonic acids, sulfonic acid derivatives containing an aliphatic hydrocarbon group.
46306 alkanesulfonate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alkanesulfonates, the anion of alkanesulfonic acids, sulfonic acid derivatives containing an aliphatic hydrocarbon group.
46307 Z-phenylacetaldoxime biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of Z-phenylacetaldoxime, a member of the glucosinolate group of compounds.
46308 Z-phenylacetaldoxime catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of Z-phenylacetaldoxime, a member of the glucosinolate group of compounds.
46309 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (DCP), a halohydrin suspected of being carcinogenic, mutagenic and genotoxic.
46310 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (DCP), a halohydrin suspected of being carcinogenic, mutagenic and genotoxic.
46311 prenylcysteine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prenylcysteine, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl-cysteine, a derivative of the amino acid cysteine formed by the covalent addition of a prenyl residue.
46312 phosphoarginine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphoarginine, a phosphorylated derivative of the amino acid arginine.
46313 phosphoarginine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphoarginine, a phosphorylated derivative of the amino acid arginine.
46314 phosphocreatine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphocreatine, a phosphagen of creatine which is synthesized and broken down by creatine phosphokinase.
46315 phosphocreatine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphocreatine, a phosphagen of creatine which is synthesized and broken down by creatine phosphokinase.
46316 gluconokinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-gluconate + ATP = 6-phospho-D-gluconate + ADP + 2 H(+).
46317 regulation of glucosylceramide biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosylceramide.
46318 negative regulation of glucosylceramide biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosylceramide.
46319 positive regulation of glucosylceramide biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosylceramide.
46320 regulation of fatty acid oxidation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid oxidation.
46321 positive regulation of fatty acid oxidation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid oxidation.
46322 negative regulation of fatty acid oxidation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid oxidation.
46323 glucose import P The directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell or organelle.
46324 regulation of glucose import P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the import of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell or organelle.
46325 negative regulation of glucose import P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the import of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell or organelle.
46326 positive regulation of glucose import P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the import of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell or organelle.
46327 glycerol biosynthetic process from pyruvate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, from other compounds, including pyruvate.
46328 regulation of JNK cascade P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade.
46329 negative regulation of JNK cascade P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade.
46330 positive regulation of JNK cascade P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade.
46331 lateral inhibition P Signaling between cells of equivalent developmental potential that results in these cells adopting different developmental fates. An example is the suppression by cells with a particular fate of the adoption of the same fate by surrounding cells.
46332 SMAD binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a SMAD signaling protein.
46333 octopamine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving octopamine, 1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol. The D enantiomer is about one-tenth as active as norepinephrine and is found in the salivary glands of Octopus and Eledone species.
46334 octopamine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of octopamine, 1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol. The D enantiomer is about one-tenth as active as norepinephrine and is found in the salivary glands of Octopus and Eledone species.
46335 ethanolamine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ethanolamine (2-aminoethanol), an important water-soluble base of phospholipid (phosphatidylethanolamine).
46336 ethanolamine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ethanolamine (2-aminoethanol), an important water-soluble base of phospholipid (phosphatidylethanolamine).
46337 phosphatidylethanolamine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylethanolamine, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of ethanolamine. It is a major structural phospholipid in mammalian systems. It tends to be more abundant than phosphatidylcholine in the internal membranes of the cell and is an abundant component of prokaryotic membranes.
46338 phosphatidylethanolamine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylethanolamine, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of ethanolamine.
46339 diacylglycerol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving diacylglycerol, a glyceride in which any two of the R groups (positions not specified) are acyl groups while the remaining R group can be either H or an alkyl group.
46340 diacylglycerol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of diacylglycerol, a glyceride in which any two of the R groups (positions not specified) are acyl groups while the remaining R group can be either H or an alkyl group.
46341 CDP-diacylglycerol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving CDP-diacylglycerol, CDP-1,2-diacylglycerol, a substance composed of diacylglycerol in glycosidic linkage with cytidine diphosphate. It is a common intermediate in phospholipid biosynthesis.
46342 CDP-diacylglycerol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of CDP-diacylglycerol, CDP-1,2-diacylglycerol, a substance composed of diacylglycerol in glycosidic linkage with cytidine diphosphate.
46343 streptomycin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving streptomycin, a commonly used antibiotic in cell culture media. It acts only on prokaryotes and blocks transition from initiation complex to chain elongating ribosome.
46344 ecdysteroid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ecdysteroids, a group of polyhydroxylated ketosteroids which initiate post-embryonic development.
46345 abscisic acid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of abscisic acid, 5-(1-hydroxy-2,6,6,trimethyl-4-oxocyclohex-2-en-1-y1)-3-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid.
46346 mannosamine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mannosomine, 2-amino-2-deoxymannose; the D-isomer is a constituent of neuraminic acids as well as mucolipids and mucoproteins.
46347 mannosamine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mannosomine, 2-amino-2-deoxymannose; the D-isomer is a constituent of neuraminic acids as well as mucolipids and mucoproteins.
46348 amino sugar catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any amino sugar, sugars containing an amino group in place of a hydroxyl group.
46349 amino sugar biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any amino sugar, sugars containing an amino group in place of a hydroxyl group.
46350 galactosaminoglycan metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactosaminoglycans, any one of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars derived from the galactose.
46351 disaccharide biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of disaccharides, sugars composed of two monosaccharide units.
46352 disaccharide catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of disaccharides, sugars composed of two monosaccharide units.
46353 aminoglycoside 3-N-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + aminoglycoside = CoA + 3-N-acetylaminoglycoside. This is acetylation of the 3-amino group of the central deoxystreptamine ring.
46354 mannan biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mannan, the main hemicellulose of soft (coniferous) wood, made up of D-mannose, D-glucose and D-galactose.
46355 mannan catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mannan, the main hemicellulose of soft (coniferous) wood, made up of D-mannose, D-glucose and D-galactose.
46356 acetyl-CoA catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetyl-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated.
46357 galactarate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactarate, the anion of galactaric acid.
46358 butyrate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of butyrate, the anion of butyric acid.
46359 butyrate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of butyrate, the anion of butyric acid.
46360 2-oxobutyrate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 2-oxobutyrate, the anion of the organic acid 2-oxobutyric acid, which contains a ketone group on carbon 2.
46361 2-oxobutyrate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-oxobutyrate, the anion of the organic acid 2-oxobutyric acid, which contains a ketone group on carbon 2.
46362 ribitol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ribitol, a pentitol derived formally by reduction of the -CHO group of either D- or L-ribose.
46363 ribitol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ribitol, a pentitol derived formally by reduction of the -CHO group of either D- or L-ribose.
46364 monosaccharide biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monosaccharides, polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms.
46365 monosaccharide catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monosaccharides, polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms.
46366 allose biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of allose, allo-hexose, an aldohexose similar to glucose, differing only in the configuration of the hydroxyl group of C-3.
46367 allose catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of allose, allo-hexose, an aldohexose similar to glucose, differing only in the configuration of the hydroxyl group of C-3.
46368 GDP-L-fucose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving GDP-L-fucose, a substance composed of L-fucose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.
46369 galactose biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactose, the aldohexose galacto-hexose.
46370 fructose biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fructose, the ketohexose arabino-2-hexulose.
46371 dTDP-mannose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving dTDP-mannose, a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate.
46372 D-arabinose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-arabinose, the D-enantiomer of arabino-pentose. D-arabinose occurs in plant glycosides and is a constituent of arabinonucleosides.
46373 L-arabinose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-arabinose, the D-enantiomer of arabino-pentose. L-arabinose occurs free, e.g. in the heartwood of many conifers, and in the combined state, in both furanose and pyranose forms, as a constituent of various plant hemicelluloses, bacterial polysaccharides etc.
46374 teichoic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving teichoic acid, any polymer occurring in the cell wall, membrane or capsule of Gram-positive bacteria and containing chains of glycerol phosphate or ribitol phosphate residues.
46375 K antigen metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving K antigen, a capsular polysaccharide antigen carried on the surface of bacterial capsules that masks somatic (O) antigens.
46376 GDP-alpha-D-mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving GDP-alpha-D-mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol, a substance composed of mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.
46377 colanic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving colanic acid, a capsular bacterial polysaccharide composed of glucose, galactose, fucose and glucuronic acid residues.
46378 enterobacterial common antigen metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving enterobacterial common antigen, an acidic polysaccharide containing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, N-acetyl-D-mannosaminouronic acid, and 4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-D-galactose. A major component of the cell wall outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.
46379 extracellular polysaccharide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving polysaccharides used in extracellular structures.
46380 N-acetylneuraminate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of N-acetylneuraminate, the anion of 5-(acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-3-ulosonic acid.
46381 CMP-N-acetylneuraminate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving CMP-N-acetylneuraminate, a substance composed of 5-(acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-3-ulosonic acid in glycosidic linkage with cytidine monophosphate.
46382 GDP-D-rhamnose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving GDP-D-rhamnose, a substance composed of rhamnose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.
46383 dTDP-rhamnose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving dTDP-rhamnose, a substance composed of rhamnose in glycosidic linkage with deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate.
46384 2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 1-phospho-2-deoxyribose.
46385 deoxyribose phosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of deoxyribose phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 2-deoxy-erythro-pentose.
46386 deoxyribose phosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxyribose phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 2-deoxy-erythro-pentose.
46387 deoxyribose 1,5-bisphosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxyribose 1,5-bisphosphate, the diphosphorylated sugar 1,5-diphospho-2-deoxyribose.
46389 deoxyribose 5-phosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxyribose 5-phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 5-phospho-2-deoxyribose.
46390 ribose phosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ribose phosphate, any phosphorylated ribose sugar.
46391 5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate, also known as 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate.
46392 galactarate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactarate, the anion of galactaric acid.
46394 carboxylic acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (-COOH) groups.
46395 carboxylic acid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (-COOH) groups.
46396 D-galacturonate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-galacturonate, the D-enantiomer of galacturonate, the anion of galacturonic acid. D-galacturonic acid is a component of plant gums and bacterial cell walls.
46397 galacturonate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galacturonate, the anion of galacturonic acid.
46398 UDP-glucuronate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-glucuronate, a substance composed of glucuronic acid in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
46399 glucuronate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucuronate, the anion of glucuronic acid.
46400 keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid, an acidic sugar present in lipopolysaccharides of the outer membranes of some Gram-negative bacteria.
46401 lipopolysaccharide core region metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the core region of bacterial lipopolysaccharides, which contains ten saccharide residues. The structure of this core oligosaccharide appears to be similar in closely related bacterial strains.
46402 O antigen metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving the O side chain of a lipopolysaccharide, which determines the antigenic specificity of the organism. It is made up of about 50 repeating units of a branched tetrasaccharide.
46403 polynucleotide 3'-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphopolynucleotide + H2O = a polynucleotide + phosphate. Hydrolyzes the free 3'-phosphate resulting from single strand breaks in DNA due to oxidative damage.
46404 ATP-dependent polydeoxyribonucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 5'-dephospho-DNA = ADP + 5'-phospho-DNA.
46405 glycerol dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glycerol = 3-hydroxypropanal + H2O.
46406 magnesium protoporphyrin IX methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + magnesium protoporphyrin IX = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+) + magnesium protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester.
46408 chlorophyll synthetase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: chlorophyllide a + 2 H(+) + phytyl diphosphate = chlorophyll a + diphosphate.
46409 p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: shikimate or quinate ester of p-coumaric acid + NADPH + H+ + O2 = caffeic acid conjugate (caffeoyl shikimic acid or chlorogenic acid) + H2O + NADP+.
46411 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate transport P The directed movement of 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
46412 phenylmercury acetate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving phenylmercury acetate, an organomercurial compound composed of a mercury atom attached to a benzene ring and an acetate group.
46413 organomercury catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organomercury compounds, any organic compound containing a mercury atom.
46414 organomercury biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organomercury compounds, any organic compound containing a mercury atom.
46415 urate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving urate, the anion of uric acid, 2,6,8-trioxypurine, the end product of purine metabolism in certain mammals and the main excretory product in uricotelic animals.
46416 D-amino acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-amino acids, the D-enantiomers of amino acids.
46417 chorismate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving chorismate, the anion of (3R-trans)-3-((1-carboxyethenyl)oxy)-4-hydroxy-1,5-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxylic acid.
46418 nopaline metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving nopaline, (N-(I-carboxy-4-guanidinobutyl)glutamic acid), a rare amino-acid derivative.
46419 octopine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving octopine, (N-(1-carboxy-4-guanidinobutyl)-L-alanine), an amino acid derived opine.
46421 methylisocitrate lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (2S,3R)-3-hydroxybutane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate = pyruvate + succinate.
46422 violaxanthin de-epoxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: violaxanthin + 2 ascorbate = zeaxanthin + 2 dehydroascorbate + 2 H2O; and antheraxanthin + ascorbate = zeaxanthin + dehydroascorbate + H2O.
46423 allene-oxide cyclase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (9Z,13S,15Z)-12,13-epoxyoctadeca-9,11,15-trienoate = (15Z)-12-oxophyto-10,15-dienoate.
46424 ferulate 5-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ferulic acid + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 5-hydroxyferulic acid + H2O + NADP+.
46425 regulation of JAK-STAT cascade P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway.
46426 negative regulation of JAK-STAT cascade P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway activity.
46427 positive regulation of JAK-STAT cascade P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway activity.
46428 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate octaprenyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate + polyprenylpyrophosphate = dimethylmenaquinone + diphosphate + CO2.
46429 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate + H2O + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate + 2 reduced ferredoxin.
46430 non-phosphorylated glucose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving non-phosphorylated forms of glucose.
46431 (R)-4-hydroxymandelate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving (R)-4-hydroxymandelate, the anion of a hydroxylated derivative of mandelate (alpha-hydroxybenzeneacetate).
46432 2'-(5''-triphosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2'-(5''-triphosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A.
46433 2-aminoethylphosphonate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-aminoethylphosphonate, most abundant and ubiquitous of naturally occurring phosphonates. It is typically found as a conjugate of glycans, lipids, and proteins, which in turn perform essential biochemical functions in specialized lower organisms.
46434 organophosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organophosphates, any phosphate-containing organic compound.
46435 3-(3-hydroxy)phenylpropionate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-(3-hydroxy)phenylpropionate, a hydroxylated derivative of phenylpropionate.
46436 D-alanine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-alanine, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid alanine, i.e. (2R)-2-aminopropanoic acid.
46437 D-amino acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-amino acids, the D-enantiomers of amino acids.
46438 D-cysteine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-cysteine, (S)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid, which occurs naturally in firefly luciferin.
46439 L-cysteine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-cysteine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid, i.e. (2R)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid.
46440 L-lysine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-lysine, the L-enantiomer of (S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.
46441 D-lysine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-lysine, the D-enantiomer of lysine; i.e. (2R)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.
46442 aerobactin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving aerobactin (C22H36N4O13), a hydroxamate iron transport compound. It is a conjugate of 6-(N-acetyl-N-hydroxylamine)-2-aminohexanoic acid and citric acid.
46443 FAD metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving FAD, the oxidized form of flavin adenine dinucleotide.
46444 FMN metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving FMN, riboflavin 5'-(dihydrogen phosphate), a coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH dehydrogenase.
46445 benzyl isoquinoline alkaloid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzyl isoquinoline alkaloids, compounds with bicyclic N-containing aromatic rings.
46446 purine alkaloid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine alkaloids, compounds derived from purine and composed of an N-containing double ring structure.
46447 terpenoid indole alkaloid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving terpenoid indole alkaloids, compounds formed from the condensation of tryptamine (derived from tryptophan) and secologanin (derived from geranyl pyrophosphate).
46448 tropane alkaloid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving tropane alkaloids, compounds containing the 8-methyl-8-azabicyclo(3.2.1)octane ring system.
46449 creatinine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving creatinine, 2-amino-1,5-dihydro-1-methyl-4H-imidazol-4-one, an end product of creatine metabolism and a normal constituent of urine.
46450 dethiobiotin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving dethiobiotin, a derivative of biotin formed by replacing the sulfur atom by two hydrogen atoms.
46451 diaminopimelate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving diaminopimelate, the anion of the dicarboxylic acid 2,6-diaminoheptanedioic acid. It is an intermediate in lysine biosynthesis and as a component (as meso-diaminopimelate) of the peptidoglycan of Gram-negative bacterial cell walls.
46452 dihydrofolate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving dihydrofolate, the dihydroxylated derivative of folate.
46453 dipyrrin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving dipyrrins (pyrromethanes), compounds containing two pyrrole rings linked through a methine, -CH=, group.
46454 dimethylsilanediol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving dimethylsilanediol, the smallest member of the dialkylsilanediols. Dimethylsilanediol is the monomer of polydimethylsiloxane, a compound which can be found in a wide range of industrial and consumer products.
46455 organosilicon catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organosilicons, any organic compound that contains silicon.
46456 icosanoid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of icosanoids, any of a group of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
46457 prostanoid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostanoids, any compound based on or derived from the prostanoate structure.
46458 hexadecanal metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving hexadecanal, the C16 straight chain aldehyde.
46459 short-chain fatty acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids with a chain length of less than C6.
46460 neutral lipid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of neutral lipids, lipids only soluble in solvents of very low polarity.
46461 neutral lipid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of neutral lipids, lipids only soluble in solvents of very low polarity.
46462 monoacylglycerol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving monoacylglycerol, any ester of glycerol in which any one of its hydroxyl groups has been acylated with a fatty acid, the other being non-esterified.
46463 acylglycerol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acylglycerol, any mono-, di- or triester of glycerol with (one or more) fatty acids.
46464 acylglycerol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acylglycerol, any mono-, di- or triester of glycerol with (one or more) fatty acids.
46465 dolichyl diphosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving dolichyl diphosphate, a diphosphorylated dolichol derivative. In eukaryotes, these function as carriers of mono- and oligosaccharide residues in the glycosylation of lipids and proteins within intracellular membranes.
46466 membrane lipid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of membrane lipids, any lipid found in or associated with a biological membrane.
46467 membrane lipid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of membrane lipids, any lipid found in or associated with a biological membrane.
46468 phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine (PMME), a derivative of phosphatidylethanolamine with a methylated amine group. Present in trace levels in plants and slightly higher in bacteria.
46469 platelet activating factor metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving platelet activating factor, 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine, where alkyl = hexadecyl or octadecyl. Platelet activating factor is an inflammatory mediator released from a variety of cells in response to various stimuli.
46470 phosphatidylcholine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylcholines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline. They are important constituents of cell membranes.
46471 phosphatidylglycerol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylglycerols, any of a class of phospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of glycerol. They are important constituents of cell membranes.
46473 phosphatidic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidic acid, any derivative of glycerol phosphate in which both the remaining hydroxyl groups of the glycerol moiety are esterified with fatty acids.
46474 glycerophospholipid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerophospholipids, any derivative of glycerophosphate that contains at least one O-acyl, O-alkyl, or O-alkenyl group attached to the glycerol residue.
46475 glycerophospholipid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerophospholipids, any derivative of glycerophosphate that contains at least one O-acyl, O-alkyl, or O-alkenyl group attached to the glycerol residue.
46476 glycosylceramide biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of a monosaccharide (or derivative) by a ceramide group.
46477 glycosylceramide catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of a monosaccharide (or derivative) by a ceramide group.
46478 lactosylceramide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving lactosylceramides, Gal-beta-(1->4)-Glc-beta-(1->1') ceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic C1 hydroxyl group of lactose by a ceramide group. They are the precursors of both gangliosides and globosides.
46479 glycosphingolipid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycosphingolipid, a compound with residues of sphingoid and at least one monosaccharide.
46480 galactolipid galactosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 mono-beta-D-galactosyldiacylglycerol = alpha-D-galactosyl-beta-D-galactosyldiacylglycerol + 1,2-diacylglycerol.
46481 digalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacyl-3-beta-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol + UDP-D-galactose = 3-[alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-galactosyl]-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + H(+) + UDP.
46482 para-aminobenzoic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving para-aminobenzoic acid, an intermediate in the synthesis of folic acid, a compound which some organisms, e.g. prokaryotes, eukaryotic microbes, and plants, can synthesize de novo. Others, notably mammals, cannot. In yeast, it is present as a factor in the B complex of vitamins.
46483 heterocycle metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings).
46484 oxazole or thiazole metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving oxazole or thiazole, five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen and a sulfur, respectively, in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position.
46485 ether lipid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving ether lipids, lipids that contain (normally) one lipid alcohol in ether linkage to one of the carbon atoms (normally C-1) of glycerol.
46486 glycerolipid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerolipids, any lipid with a glycerol backbone. Diacylglycerol and phosphatidate are key lipid intermediates of glycerolipid biosynthesis.
46487 glyoxylate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving glyoxylate, the anion of glyoxylic acid, HOC-COOH.
46488 phosphatidylinositol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylinositol, any glycophospholipid in which a sn-glycerol 3-phosphate residue is esterified to the 1-hydroxyl group of 1D-myo-inositol.
46490 isopentenyl diphosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving isopentenyl diphosphate, an isomer of dimethylallyl diphosphate and the key precursor of all isoprenoids.
46491 L-methylmalonyl-CoA metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-methylmalonyl-CoA, the L-enantiomer of 2-carboxypropanoyl-CoA. S-methylmalonyl-CoA is an intermediate in the beta oxidation of odd-numbered fatty acids in animals.
46492 heme b metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving heme b, a Fe(II) porphyrin complex readily isolated from the hemoglobin of beef blood, but also found in other proteins including other hemoglobins, myoglobins, cytochromes P-450, catalases, peroxidases as well as b type cytochromes.
46493 lipid A metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipid A, the glycolipid group of bacterial lipopolysaccharides, consisting of six fatty acyl chains linked to two glucosamine residues.
46494 rhizobactin 1021 metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving rhizobactin 1021, (E)-4-((3-(acetylhydroxyamino)propyl)-amino)-2-hydroxy-(2-(2-(3-(hydroxy(1-oxo-2-decenyl)amino)propyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid, a siderophore produced by Sinorhizobium meliloti.
46495 nicotinamide riboside metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide riboside, the product of the formation of a glycosidic bond between ribose and nicotinamide.
46496 nicotinamide nucleotide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide nucleotides, any nucleotide that contains combined nicotinamide.
46497 nicotinate nucleotide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide nucleotides, any nucleotide that contains combined nicotinate (pyridine 3-carboxylic acid, or niacin).
46498 S-adenosylhomocysteine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving S-adenosylhomocysteine; the L-enantiomer is formed from S-adenosylmethionine and is a strong inhibitor of S-adenosylmethionine-mediated methylation reactions. It can be cleaved to form adenosine and homocysteine.
46499 S-adenosylmethioninamine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving S-adenosylmethioninamine, (5-deoxy-5-adenosyl)(3-aminopropyl) methylsulfonium salt.
46500 S-adenosylmethionine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving S-adenosylmethionine, S-(5'-adenosyl)-L-methionine, an important intermediate in one-carbon metabolism.
46501 protoporphyrinogen IX metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving protoporphyrinogen IX, the specific substrate for the enzyme ferrochelatase, which catalyzes the insertion of iron to form protoheme. It is probably also the substrate for chlorophyll formation.
46502 uroporphyrinogen III metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving uroporphyrinogen III, a precursor for synthesis of vitamin B12, chlorophyll, and heme in organisms that produce these compounds.
46503 glycerolipid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerolipids, any lipid with a glycerol backbone.
46504 glycerol ether biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerol ethers, any anhydride formed between two organic hydroxy compounds, one of which is glycerol.
46505 sulfolipid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfolipids, any compound containing a sulfonic acid residue joined by a carbon-sulfur bond to a lipid.
46506 sulfolipid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sulfolipid, a compound containing a sulfonic acid residue joined by a carbon-sulfur bond to a lipid.
46507 UDPsulfoquinovose synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: sulfite + UDP-D-glucose = H(2)O + UDP-6-sulfoquinovose.
46508 hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-sulfur bonds F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any carbon-sulfur bond, C-S.
46509 1,2-diacylglycerol 3-beta-galactosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + UDP-D-galactose = 1,2-diacyl-3-beta-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol + H(+) + UDP.
46510 UDP-sulfoquinovose:DAG sulfoquinovosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-sulfoquinovose + 1,2-diacylglycerol = sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol + UDP.
46511 sphinganine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphinganine, D-erythro-2-amino-1,3-octadecanediol.
46512 sphingosine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingosine (sphing-4-enine), trans-D-erytho-2-amino-octadec-4-ene-1,3-diol, a long chain amino diol sphingoid base that occurs in most sphingolipids in animal tissues.
46513 ceramide biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ceramides, any N-acylated sphingoid.
46514 ceramide catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ceramides, any N-acetylated sphingoid.
46516 hypusine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving hypusine, N6-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)-L-lysine.
46517 octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, a cyclic silicone-oxygen ring compound with two methyl groups attached to each silicone atom.
46518 octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, a cyclic silicone-oxygen ring compound with two methyl groups attached to each silicone atom.
46519 sphingoid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphingoids, any of a class of compounds comprising sphinganine and its homologues and stereoisomers, and derivatives of these compounds.
46520 sphingoid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingoids, any of a class of compounds comprising sphinganine and its homologues and stereoisomers, and derivatives of these compounds.
46521 sphingoid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sphingoids, any of a class of compounds comprising sphinganine and its homologues and stereoisomers, and derivatives of these compounds.
46522 S-methyl-5-thioribose kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-methyl-5-thio-D-ribose + ATP = S-methyl-5-thio-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).
46523 S-methyl-5-thioribose-1-phosphate isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-methyl-5-thio-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate = S-methyl-5-thio-D-ribulose 1-phosphate.
46524 sucrose-phosphate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + D-fructose 6-phosphate = UDP + sucrose 6-phosphate.
46525 xylosylprotein 4-beta-galactosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + O-beta-D-xylosylprotein = UDP + 4-beta-D-galactosyl-O-beta-D-xylosylprotein.
46526 D-xylulose reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(+) + xylitol = D-xylulose + H(+) + NADH.
46527 glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a glucosyl group to an acceptor molecule, typically another carbohydrate or a lipid.
46528 imaginal disc fusion P The process following disc eversion whereby imaginal discs fuse with adjacent disc derivatives to form a continuous adult epidermis.
46529 imaginal disc fusion, thorax closure P The joining of the parts of the wing imaginal discs, giving rise to the adult thorax.
46530 photoreceptor cell differentiation P The specialization of organization of a photoreceptor, a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
46532 regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of photoreceptor cell differentiation. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
46533 negative regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of photoreceptor cell differentiation. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
46534 positive regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of photoreceptor cell differentiation. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
46535 detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of umami taste P The series of events required for a umami taste stimulus to be received and converted to a molecular signal. Umami taste is the savory taste of meats and other foods that are rich in glutamates.
46536 dosage compensation complex C A protein or protein-RNA complex that localizes to one or more of the sex chromosome(s), where it acts to normalize transcription between different sexes.
46537 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phospho-D-glycerate = 3-phospho-D glycerate; this reaction does not require the cofactor 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate.
46538 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phospho-D-glycerate = 3-phospho-D-glycerate; this reaction requires the cofactor 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate.
46539 histamine N-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + histamine = N(tau)-methylhistamine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+).
46540 U4/U6 x U5 tri-snRNP complex C A ribonucleoprotein complex formed by the association of the U4/U6 and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins.
46541 saliva secretion P The regulated release of saliva from the salivary glands. In man, the saliva is a turbid and slightly viscous fluid, generally of an alkaline reaction, and is secreted by the parotid, submaxillary, and sublingual glands. In the mouth the saliva is mixed with the secretion from the buccal glands. In man and many animals, saliva is an important digestive fluid on account of the presence of the peculiar enzyme, ptyalin.
46543 development of secondary female sexual characteristics P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the secondary female sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structures. In female humans, these include growth of axillary and pubic hair, breast development and menstrual periods. Their development occurs in response to sex hormone secretion.
46544 development of secondary male sexual characteristics P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the secondary male sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structures. In male humans, these include growth of axillary, chest, and pubic hair, voice changes, and testicular/penile enlargement. Development occurs in response to sex hormone secretion.
46545 development of primary female sexual characteristics P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the primary female sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structure. The primary female sexual characteristics are the ovaries, and they develop in response to sex hormone secretion.
46546 development of primary male sexual characteristics P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the primary male sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structures. The primary male sexual characteristics are the testes, and they develop in response to sex hormone secretion.
46547 trans-aconitate 3-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + trans-aconitate = (E)-2-(methoxycarbonylmethyl)but-2-enedioate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
46548 retinal rod cell development P Development of a rod cell, one of the sensory cells in the eye that reacts to the presence of light. Rod cells contain the photopigment rhodopsin or porphyropsin and are responsible for vision in dim light.
46549 retinal cone cell development P Development of a cone cell, one of the sensory cells in the eye that reacts to the presence of light. Cone cells contain the photopigment iodopsin or cyanopsin and are responsible for photopic (daylight) vision.
46550 (3-aminopropyl)(L-aspartyl-1-amino)phosphoryl-5'-adenosine biosynthetic process from asparagine P The modification of asparagine to (3-aminopropyl)(L-aspartyl-1-amino)phosphoryl-5'-adenosine as found in microcin C7 produced from the mccA gene in E. coli plasmid pMccC7.
46551 retinal cone cell fate commitment P The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a retinal cone cell. A retinal cone cell is one of the two photoreceptor subtypes in a camera-type eye.
46552 photoreceptor cell fate commitment P The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a photoreceptor cell. A photoreceptor cell is a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation. Different classes of photoreceptor have different spectral sensitivities and express different photosensitive pigments.
46553 D-malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-malate + NAD(+) = CO(2) + NADH + pyruvate.
46554 malate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-malate + NADP+ = oxaloacetate + NADPH + H+.
46555 acetylxylan esterase activity F Catalysis of the deacetylation of xylans and xylo-oligosaccharides.
46556 alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing alpha-L-arabinofuranoside residues in alpha-L-arabinosides.
46557 glucan endo-1,6-beta-glucosidase activity F Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->6) linkages in (1->6)-beta-D-glucans.
46558 arabinan endo-1,5-alpha-L-arabinosidase activity F Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->5)-alpha-arabinofuranosidic linkages in (1->5) arabinans.
46559 alpha-glucuronidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an alpha-D-glucuronoside + H2O = an alcohol + D-glucuronate.
46562 glucose oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-glucose + O2 = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H2O2.
46563 methanol oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + methanol = H2O2 + formaldehyde.
46564 oxalate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(+) + oxalate = CO(2) + formate.
46565 3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-dehydroshikimate = 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + H2O. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate is also known as protocatechuate.
46566 DOPA dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the 4,5-ring opening reaction: 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine + O2 = 4,5-seco-DOPA. 4,5-seco-DOPA spontaneously recyclizes to form betalamic acid.
46567 aphidicolan-16 beta-ol synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 9-alpha-copalyl diphosphate + H2O = aphidicolan-16-beta-ol + diphosphate.
46568 3-methylbutanol:NAD(P) oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methylbutanol + NAD(P)+ = 3-methylbutanal + NAD(P)H + H+. 3-methylbutanal is also known as isovaleraldehyde.
46569 glyoxal oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glyoxal + O2 + H2O = glyoxalate + H2O2.
46570 methylthioribulose 1-phosphate dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-methyl-5-thio-D-ribulose 1-phosphate = 5-(methylthio)-2,3-dioxopentyl phosphate + H(2)O.
46571 aspartate-2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate + aspartate = methionine + oxaloacetate.
46572 versicolorin B synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: versiconal = versicolorin B + H2O.
46573 lactonohydrolase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of lactone rings (intramolecular cyclic esters) to produce a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group.
46574 glycuronidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of glucuronosides, yielding free glucuronic acid.
46575 rhamnogalacturonan acetylesterase activity F Catalysis of the removal of acetylesters (as acetate) from galacturonic acid residues in the backbone of rhamnogalacturonan.
46576 rhamnogalacturonan alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyluronide lyase activity F Catalysis of the cleavage of rhamnogalacturonan, generating oligosaccharides of the form alpha-D-us-galacturonic acid-(1,2)-alpha-L-rhamnose-(1,4)-alpha-D-galacturonate-(1,2)-L-rhamnose-(1,2)-alpha-L-rhamnose-p-(1,4)-alpha-D-galacturonic acid, terminating at the non-reducing end with a hex-4-enopyranosyluronic acid residue.
46577 long-chain-alcohol oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 long-chain alcohol + O2 = 2 long-chain aldehyde + 2 H2O.
46578 regulation of Ras protein signal transduction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Ras protein signal transduction.
46579 positive regulation of Ras protein signal transduction P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Ras protein signal transduction.
46580 negative regulation of Ras protein signal transduction P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Ras protein signal transduction.
46581 intercellular canaliculus C An extremely narrow tubular channel located between adjacent cells. An instance of this is the secretory canaliculi occurring between adjacent parietal cells in the gastric mucosa of vertebrates.
46583 cation efflux transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a cation or cations from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.
46584 enniatin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving enniatins, any of various cyclodepsipeptide antibiotics from Fusarium species that function as ionophores.
46585 enniatin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of enniatins, any of various cyclodepsipeptide antibiotics from Fusarium species that function as ionophores.
46586 regulation of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules that require the presence of calcium for the interaction.
46587 positive regulation of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion.
46588 negative regulation of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion.
46589 ribonuclease T1 activity F Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage to nucleoside 3'-phosphates and 3'-phosphooligonucleotides ending in Gp with 2',3'-cyclic phosphate intermediates.
46592 polyamine oxidase activity F Catalysis of the oxidative degradation or interconversion of polyamines.
46593 mandelonitrile lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: mandelonitrile = cyanide + benzaldehyde.
46594 maintenance of pole plasm mRNA location P The process of maintaining mRNA in a specific location in the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
46595 establishment of pole plasm mRNA localization P Any process that results in the directed movement of mRNA to the oocyte pole plasm.
46596 regulation of viral entry into host cell P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the viral entry into the host cell.
46597 negative regulation of viral entry into host cell P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the entry of viral entry into a host cell.
46598 positive regulation of viral entry into host cell P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of viral entry into the host cell.
46599 regulation of centriole replication P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a daughter centriole of an existing centriole.
46600 negative regulation of centriole replication P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of centriole replication.
46601 positive regulation of centriole replication P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of centriole replication.
46602 regulation of mitotic centrosome separation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the separation of duplicated centrosome components at the beginning of mitosis.
46603 negative regulation of mitotic centrosome separation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of centrosome separation.
46604 positive regulation of mitotic centrosome separation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of centrosome separation.
46605 regulation of centrosome cycle P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the centrosome cycle, the processes of centrosome duplication and separation.
46606 negative regulation of centrosome cycle P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the centrosome cycle.
46607 positive regulation of centrosome cycle P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the centrosome cycle.
46608 carotenoid isomerase activity F Catalysis of the isomerization of poly-cis-carotenoids to all-trans-carotenoids.
46609 voltage-gated sulfate antiporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sulfate(out) + solute(in) = solute(in) + sulfate(out), by a channel in a cell membrane whose opening is governed by the membrane potential.
46610 lysosomal proton-transporting V-type ATPase, V0 domain C The V0 domain of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase found in the lysosomal membrane.
46611 lysosomal proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex C A proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex found in the lysosomal membrane, where it acts as a proton pump to mediate acidification of the lysosomal lumen.
46612 lysosomal proton-transporting V-type ATPase, V1 domain C The V1 domain of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase found in the lysosomal membrane.
46618 drug export P The directed movement of a drug, a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease, out of a cell or organelle.
46619 optic placode formation involved in camera-type eye formation P Establishment and formation of the optic placode, paired ectodermal placodes that become invaginated to form the embryonic lens vesicles.
46620 regulation of organ growth P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organ of an organism.
46621 negative regulation of organ growth P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organ of an organism.
46622 positive regulation of organ growth P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organ of an organism.
46623 sphingolipid-translocating ATPase activity F Catalysis of the movement of sphingolipids from one membrane face to the other ('flippase' activity), driven by the hydrolysis of ATP.
46624 sphingolipid transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of sphingolipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Sphingolipids are a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid).
46625 sphingolipid binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with sphingolipids, a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid).
46626 regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling.
46627 negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling.
46628 positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling.
46629 gamma-delta T cell activation P The change in morphology and behavior of a gamma-delta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.
46630 gamma-delta T cell proliferation P The expansion of a gamma-delta T cell population by cell division.
46631 alpha-beta T cell activation P The change in morphology and behavior of an alpha-beta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.
46632 alpha-beta T cell differentiation P The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of an alpha-beta T cell. An alpha-beta T cell is a T cell that expresses an alpha-beta T cell receptor complex.
46633 alpha-beta T cell proliferation P The expansion of an alpha-beta T cell population by cell division.
46634 regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell activation.
46635 positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell activation.
46636 negative regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell activation.
46637 regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
46638 positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
46639 negative regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
46640 regulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell proliferation.
46641 positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell proliferation.
46642 negative regulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell proliferation.
46643 regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell activation.
46644 negative regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell activation.
46645 positive regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell activation.
46646 regulation of gamma-delta T cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell proliferation.
46647 negative regulation of gamma-delta T cell proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell proliferation.
46648 positive regulation of gamma-delta T cell proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell proliferation.
46649 lymphocyte activation P A change in morphology and behavior of a lymphocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.
46651 lymphocyte proliferation P The expansion of a lymphocyte population by cell division.
46653 tetrahydrofolate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrahydrofolate, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid, a folate derivative bearing additional hydrogens on the pterin group.
46654 tetrahydrofolate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetrahydrofolate, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid, a folate derivative bearing additional hydrogens on the pterin group.
46655 folic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving folic acid, pteroylglutamic acid. Folic acid is widely distributed as a member of the vitamin B complex and is essential for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidines.
46656 folic acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of folic acid, pteroylglutamic acid.
46657 folic acid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of folic acid, pteroylglutamic acid.
46658 anchored component of plasma membrane C The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products that are tethered to the membrane only by a covalently attached anchor, such as a lipid group, that is embedded in the membrane. Gene products with peptide sequences that are embedded in the membrane are excluded from this grouping.
46659 digestive hormone activity F The action characteristic of a hormone that takes part in the digestion process.
46660 female sex differentiation P The establishment of the sex of a female organism by physical differentiation.
46661 male sex differentiation P The establishment of the sex of a male organism by physical differentiation.
46662 regulation of oviposition P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the deposition of eggs, either fertilized or not, upon a surface or into a medium.
46663 dorsal closure, leading edge cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a leading edge cell, the dorsal-most cells of the epidermis that migrates during dorsal closure.
46664 dorsal closure, amnioserosa morphology change P The changes that occur during dorsal closure of the shape and structure of the amnioserosa, an epithelium that occupies the dorsal side of the embryo.
46665 amnioserosa maintenance P Maintenance of the amnioserosa, an epithelium that occupies a hole in the embryonic dorsal epidermis.
46666 retinal cell programmed cell death P Programmed cell death that occurs in the developing retina.
46667 compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death P Programmed cell death that occurs in the retina to remove excess cells between ommatidia, thus resulting in a hexagonal lattice, precise with respect to cell number and position surrounding each ommatidium.
46668 regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the retina.
46669 regulation of compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the compound eye retina.
46670 positive regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the retina.
46671 negative regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the retina.
46672 positive regulation of compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the compound eye retina.
46673 negative regulation of compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the compound eye retina.
46676 negative regulation of insulin secretion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin.
46677 response to antibiotic P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antibiotic stimulus. An antibiotic is a chemical substance produced by a microorganism which has the capacity to inhibit the growth of or to kill other microorganisms.
46678 response to bacteriocin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bacteriocin stimulus. A bacteriocin is a protein substance released by certain bacteria that kills but does not lyse closely related strains of bacteria. Specific bacteriocins attach to specific receptors on cell walls and induce specific metabolic block, e.g. cessation of nucleic acid or protein synthesis of oxidative phosphorylation.
46679 response to streptomycin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a streptomycin stimulus. Streptomycin is a commonly used antibiotic in cell culture media which acts only on prokaryotes and blocks transition from initiation complex to chain elongating ribosome.
46680 response to DDT P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a DDT stimulus. DDT, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, is a chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticide moderately toxic to humans and other animals.
46681 response to carbamate P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbamate stimulus. Carbamates are a group of insecticides and parasiticides that act by inhibiting cholinesterase.
46682 response to cyclodiene P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cyclodiene stimulus. A cyclodiene is any organic insecticide (as dieldrin or chlordane) with a chlorinated methylene group forming a bridge across a 6-membered carbon ring.
46683 response to organophosphorus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organophosphorus stimulus. Organophosphorus is a compound containing phosphorus bound to an organic molecule; several organophosphorus compounds are used as insecticides, and they are highly toxic cholinesterase inhibitors.
46684 response to pyrethroid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pyrethroid stimulus. Pyrethroids are a group of growth regulators, analogous to insect juvenile hormones, that interfere with the development of insect larvae and are used in the control of insects that are harmful in the adult stage.
46685 response to arsenic-containing substance P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an arsenic stimulus from compounds containing arsenic, including arsenates, arsenites, and arsenides.
46686 response to cadmium ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cadmium (Cd) ion stimulus.
46687 response to chromate P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chromate stimulus.
46688 response to copper ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a copper ion stimulus.
46689 response to mercury ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mercury ion stimulus.
46690 response to tellurium ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tellurium ion stimulus.
46691 intracellular canaliculus C An apical plasma membrane part that forms a narrow enfolded luminal membrane channel, lined with numerous microvilli, that appears to extend into the cytoplasm of the cell. A specialized network of intracellular canaliculi is a characteristic feature of parietal cells of the gastric mucosa in vertebrates.
46692 sperm competition P Any process that contributes to the success of sperm fertilization in multiply-mated females.
46693 sperm storage P The retention of sperm by a female following mating.
46694 sperm incapacitation P The process in which the use of stored sperm from the first-mating male is inhibited by the seminal fluid of subsequently mating males.
46695 SLIK (SAGA-like) complex C A SAGA-type histone acetyltransferase complex that contains Rtg2 and a smaller form of Spt7 than the fungal SAGA complex, and lacks Spt8. The complex is involved in the yeast retrograde response pathway, which is important for gene expression changes during mitochondrial dysfunction.
46696 lipopolysaccharide receptor complex C A multiprotein complex that consists of at least three proteins, CD14, TLR4, and MD-2, each of which is glycosylated and which functions as a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) receptor that primes the innate immune response against bacterial pathogens.
46697 decidualization P The cellular and vascular changes occurring in the endometrium of the pregnant uterus just after the onset of blastocyst implantation. This process involves the proliferation and differentiation of the fibroblast-like endometrial stromal cells into large, polyploid decidual cells that eventually form the maternal component of the placenta.
46700 heterocycle catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings).
46701 insecticide catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of insecticides, chemicals used to kill insects.
46702 galactoside 6-L-fucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of an L-fucosyl group from GDP-beta-L-fucose to a galactoside acceptor molecule, usually an N-glycan, to form an alpha(1,6)-fucosylated galactoside.
46703 natural killer cell lectin-like receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a lectin-like natural killer cell receptor.
46704 CDP metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving CDP, cytidine (5'-)diphosphate.
46705 CDP biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CDP, cytidine (5'-)diphosphate.
46706 CDP catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of CDP, cytidine (5'-)diphosphate.
46707 IDP metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving IDP, inosine 5'-diphosphate.
46708 IDP biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of IDP, inosine 5'-diphosphate.
46709 IDP catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of IDP, inosine 5'-diphosphate.
46710 GDP metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving GDP, guanosine 5'-diphosphate.
46711 GDP biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP, guanosine 5'-diphosphate.
46712 GDP catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of GDP, guanosine 5'-diphosphate.
46713 borate transport P The directed movement of borate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Borate is the anion (BO3)3-; boron is a group 13 element, with properties which are borderline between metals and non-metals.
46714 borate binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with borate, the anion (BO3)3-.
46715 borate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transport of borate across a membrane against the concentration gradient.
46716 muscle cell cellular homeostasis P The cellular homeostatic process that preserves a muscle cell in a stable functional or structural state.
46717 acid secretion P The controlled release of acid by a cell or a tissue.
46718 viral entry into host cell P The process that occurs after viral attachment by which a virus, or viral nucleic acid, breaches the plasma membrane or cell envelope and enters the host cell. The process ends when the viral nucleic acid is released into the host cell cytoplasm.
46719 regulation by virus of viral protein levels in host cell P Any virus-mediated process that modulates the levels of viral proteins in a cell.
46720 citric acid secretion P The controlled release of citric acid, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, by a cell or a tissue.
46721 formic acid secretion P The controlled release of formic acid, HCOOH, by a cell or a tissue.
46722 lactic acid secretion P The controlled release of lactic acid, 2-hydroxypropanoic acid, by a cell or a tissue.
46723 malic acid secretion P The controlled release of malic acid, hydroxybutanedioic (hydroxysuccinic) acid, by a cell or a tissue.
46724 oxalic acid secretion P The controlled release of oxalic acid, ethanedioic acid, by a cell or a tissue.
46725 negative regulation by virus of viral protein levels in host cell P Any process where the infecting virus reduces the levels of viral proteins in a cell.
46726 positive regulation by virus of viral protein levels in host cell P Any process where the infecting virus increases the levels of viral proteins in a cell.
46727 capsomere C Any of the protein subunits that comprise the closed shell or coat (capsid) of certain viruses.
46729 viral procapsid C A stable empty viral capsid produced during the assembly of viruses.
46730 induction of host immune response by virus P The induction by a virus of an immune response in the host organism.
46731 passive induction of host immune response by virus P The unintentional stimulation by a virus of a host defense response to viral infection, as part of the viral infectious cycle.
46732 active induction of host immune response by virus P The intentional, virally-encoded stimulation of a host defense response to viral infection.
46733 passive induction of host humoral immune response by virus P The unintentional stimulation by a virus of a host humoral defense response to viral infection, as part of the viral infectious cycle.
46734 passive induction of host cell-mediated immune response by virus P The unintentional stimulation by a virus of a cell-mediated host defense response to viral infection, as part of the viral infectious cycle.
46735 passive induction of host innate immune response by virus P The unintentional stimulation by a virus of an innate host defense response to viral infection, as part of the viral infectious cycle.
46736 active induction of humoral immune response in host by virus P The intentional, virally-encoded stimulation of a host humoral defense response to viral infection.
46737 active induction of cell-mediated immune response in host by virus P The intentional, virally-encoded stimulation of a cell-mediated host defense response to viral infection.
46738 active induction of innate immune response in host by virus P The intentional, virally-encoded stimulation of an innate host defense response to viral infection.
46739 transport of virus in multicellular host P The transport of a virus between cells in a multicellular organism. The cells can be adjacent or spatially separated (e.g. in different tissues or organs).
46740 transport of virus in host, cell to cell P The transport of a virus between adjacent cells in a multicellular organism.
46741 transport of virus in host, tissue to tissue P The transport of a virus between tissues in a multicellular organism.
46745 viral capsid secondary envelopment P The process in which a capsid acquires another membrane envelope, subsequent to acquiring an initial membrane envelope.
46752 viral capsid precursor transport to host cell nucleus P Any process in which viral capsid precursors are transported to a specific location in the nucleus, thus accumulating the necessary components for assembly of a capsid.
46753 non-lytic viral release P The exit of a viral particle from a cell that does not involve cell lysis.
46754 viral exocytosis P The exit of enveloped or unenveloped virion particles from the host cell by exocytosis, without causing cell lysis.
46755 viral budding P A viral process by which enveloped viruses acquire a host-derived membrane enriched in viral proteins to form their external envelope. The process starts when nucleocapsids, assembled or in the process of being built, induce formation of a membrane curvature in the host plasma or organelle membrane and wrap up in the forming bud. The process ends when the bud is eventually pinched off by membrane scission to release the enveloped particle into the lumenal or extracellular space.
46760 viral budding from Golgi membrane P A viral budding that starts with formation of a membrane curvature in the host Golgi membrane.
46761 viral budding from plasma membrane P A viral budding that starts with formation of a membrane curvature in the host plasma membrane.
46762 viral budding from ER membrane P A viral budding that starts with formation of a membrane curvature in the host ER membrane.
46765 viral budding from nuclear membrane P A viral budding that starts with formation of a membrane curvature in the host nuclear membrane.
46771 viral budding from inner nuclear membrane P The envelopment of a virus, in which the nucleocapsid evaginates from the host inner nuclear membrane system into the perinuclear space, thus acquiring a membrane envelope.
46772 viral budding from outer nuclear membrane P The envelopment of a virus, in which the nucleocapsid evaginates from the host outer nuclear membrane system, thus acquiring a membrane envelope.
46773 suppression by virus of host translation termination P Any viral process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translational termination of a host mRNA.
46774 suppression by virus of host intracellular interferon activity P Any viral process that results in the inhibition of interferon activity within the host cell.
46775 suppression by virus of host cytokine production P Any viral process that results in the inhibition of host cell cytokine production.
46776 suppression by virus of host antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I P Any viral process that inhibits a host antigen-presenting cell expressing a peptide antigen on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.
46777 protein autophosphorylation P The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues (cis-autophosphorylation), or residues on an identical protein (trans-autophosphorylation).
46778 modification by virus of host mRNA processing P Any viral process that interferes with the processing of mRNA in the host cell.
46779 suppression by virus of expression of host genes with introns P Any viral process that discriminates against and subsequently inhibits host transcripts containing introns, thus allowing only intronless viral mRNA to be fully processed.
46780 suppression by virus of host mRNA splicing P Any viral process that inhibits the splicing of host mRNA, thus reducing host protein production.
46782 regulation of viral transcription P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the transcription of the viral genome.
46783 modification by virus of host polysomes P Any viral process that interferes with and inhibits the assembly and function of polysomes.
46784 viral mRNA export from host cell nucleus P The directed movement of intronless viral mRNA from the host nucleus to the cytoplasm for translation.
46785 microtubule polymerization P The addition of tubulin heterodimers to one or both ends of a microtubule.
46786 viral replication complex formation and maintenance P The process of organizing and assembling viral replication proteins in preparation for viral replication.
46787 viral DNA repair P The process of restoring viral DNA after damage or errors in replication.
46789 host cell surface receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a receptor on the host cell surface.
46790 virion binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a virion, either by binding to components of the capsid or the viral envelope.
46792 suppression by virus of host cell cycle arrest P Viral interference in host cell processes that lead cell cycle arrest, allowing cell division to occur.
46793 induction by virus of phosphorylation of host RNA polymerase II P Any process in which a virus activates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphorylation of host RNA polymerase II.
46794 transport of virus P The directed movement of a virus, or part of a virus, into, out of, or within a host cell.
46797 viral procapsid maturation P The refolding and structural rearrangements of individual capsid subunits to transition from the intermediate procapsid, to the more stable capsid structure.
46798 viral portal complex C A multimeric ring of proteins through which the DNA enters and exits the viral capsid.
46799 recruitment of helicase-primase complex to DNA lesions P The recruitment of the helicase-primase complex to viral DNA lesions during viral DNA repair.
46802 exit of virus from host cell nucleus by nuclear egress P The directed movement of an assembled viral particle out of the host cell nucleus by budding and fusion through the nuclear membranes. In this process, enveloped viral particles are formed by budding through the inner nuclear membrane. These perinuclear enveloped particles then fuse with the outer nuclear membrane to deliver a naked capsid into the host cytoplasm.
46804 peptide cross-linking via (2S,3S,4Xi,6R)-3-methyl-lanthionine sulfoxide P The formation of a protein-protein cross-link between peptidyl-threonine and peptidyl-cysteine by the synthesis of (2S,3S,4Xi,6R)-3-methyl-lanthionine sulfoxide (3-methyl-L-lanthionine sulfoxide), as found in the antibiotic actagardine.
46805 protein-heme linkage via 1'-L-histidine P The covalent linkage of heme and a protein via 1'-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-heme-histidine, tele-heme-histidine).
46806 viral scaffold C A complex of proteins that form a scaffold around which the viral capsid is constructed.
46807 viral scaffold assembly and maintenance P The assembly and maintenance of the viral scaffold around which the viral capsid is constructed.
46808 assemblon C Antigenically dense structures located at the periphery of nuclei, close to but not abutting nuclear membranes. Assemblons contain the proteins for immature-capsid assembly; they are located at the periphery of a diffuse structure composed of proteins involved in DNA synthesis, which overlaps only minimally with the assemblons. More than one site can be present simultaneously.
46809 replication compartment C Globular nuclear domains where the transcription and replication of the viral genome occurs. More than one site can be present simultaneously.
46810 host cell extracellular matrix binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the extracellular matrix of a host cell.
46811 histone deacetylase inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of histone deacetylase, which catalyzes of the removal of acetyl groups from histones, proteins complexed to DNA in chromatin and chromosomes.
46812 host cell surface binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the surface of a host cell.
46813 receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell P The process by which a virion attaches to a host cell by binding to a receptor on the host cell surface.
46814 coreceptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell P The process by which a virion attaches to a host cell by binding to a co-receptor on the host cell surface.
46815 genome retention in viral capsid P Any process in which the viral genome is retained within the capsid during genome cleavage and packaging.
46816 virion transport vesicle C A vesicle used to transport the partial or complete virion between cellular compartments.
46817 chemokine receptor antagonist activity F Interacts with chemokine receptors to reduce the action of a chemokine.
46818 dense nuclear body C A location in the host cell nucleus where viral proteins colocalize late in infection prior to the onset of viral DNA synthesis. More than one site can be present simultaneously.
46819 protein secretion by the type V secretion system P The process in which proteins mediate their own secretion across the outer membrane through a beta-barrel pore structure formed by the C-terminal domain of the protein precursor. Following passage across the outer membrane, the mature protein is released from the pore by an autocatalytic activity. Proteins secreted by the Type V system are first translocated across the plasma membrane by the Sec pathway.
46820 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamine + chorismate = 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate + L-glutamate. It is composed of two enzymatic activities (which may be present on one or two polypeptides); the first is a glutaminase which yields ammonia from glutamine, releasing glutamate. The ammonia is used by the second activity which catalyzes the amination of chorismate to form 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate.
46821 extrachromosomal DNA C DNA structures that are not part of a chromosome.
46822 regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
46823 negative regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances between the cytoplasm and the nucleus.
46824 positive regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
46825 regulation of protein export from nucleus P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
46826 negative regulation of protein export from nucleus P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
46827 positive regulation of protein export from nucleus P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of directed movement of proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
46828 regulation of RNA import into nucleus P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of movement of RNA from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
46829 negative regulation of RNA import into nucleus P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of RNA from the cytoplasm into the nucleus.
46830 positive regulation of RNA import into nucleus P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of movement of RNA from the cytoplasm into the nucleus.
46831 regulation of RNA export from nucleus P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
46832 negative regulation of RNA export from nucleus P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of RNA from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
46833 positive regulation of RNA export from nucleus P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of directed movement of RNA from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
46834 lipid phosphorylation P The process of introducing one or more phosphate groups into a lipid, any member of a group of substances soluble in lipid solvents but only sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents.
46835 carbohydrate phosphorylation P The process of introducing a phosphate group into a carbohydrate, any organic compound based on the general formula Cx(H2O)y.
46836 glycolipid transport P The directed movement of glycolipids, compounds containing (usually) 1-4 linked monosaccharide residues joined by a glycosyl linkage to a lipid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
46838 phosphorylated carbohydrate dephosphorylation P The process of removing a phosphate group from a phosphorylated carbohydrate, any organic compound based on the general formula Cx(H2O)y with a phosphate group attached to it.
46839 phospholipid dephosphorylation P The process of removing one or more phosphate groups from a phosphorylated lipid, any member of a group of substances soluble in lipid solvents but only sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents.
46841 trisporic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving trisporic acid, a carotenoic acid derivative used as a pheromone in some species of Zygomycota.
46842 trisporic acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of trisporic acid.
46843 dorsal appendage formation P Establishment of the dorsal filaments, elaborate specializations of the chorion that protrude from the anterior end of the egg and facilitate embryonic respiration.
46844 micropyle formation P Establishment of the micropyle, a single cone-shaped specialization of the chorion that allows sperm entry into the egg prior to fertilization.
46845 branched duct epithelial cell fate determination, open tracheal system P Allocation of a set number of cells to each primary branch in an open tracheal system, prior to the onset of cell migration. This establishes different domains of cells within the tracheal placode.
46847 filopodium assembly P The assembly of a filopodium, a thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone.
46848 hydroxyapatite binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with hydroxyapatite, the calcium phosphate mineral of formula Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 found both in rocks of nonorganic origin and as a component of bone and dentin.
46849 bone remodeling P The continuous turnover of bone matrix and mineral that involves first, an increase in resorption (osteoclastic activity) and later, reactive bone formation (osteoblastic activity). The process of bone remodeling takes place in the adult skeleton at discrete foci. The process ensures the mechanical integrity of the skeleton throughout life and plays an important role in calcium homeostasis. An imbalance in the regulation of bone resorption and bone formation results in many of the metabolic bone diseases, such as osteoporosis.
46850 regulation of bone remodeling P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone remodeling, the processes of bone formation and resorption that combine to maintain skeletal integrity.
46851 negative regulation of bone remodeling P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone remodeling.
46852 positive regulation of bone remodeling P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone remodeling.
46854 phosphatidylinositol phosphorylation P The process of introducing one or more phosphate groups into a phosphatidylinositol, any glycerophosphoinositol having one phosphatidyl group esterified to one of the hydroxy groups of inositol.
46855 inositol phosphate dephosphorylation P The process of removing a phosphate group from any mono- or polyphosphorylated inositol.
46856 phosphatidylinositol dephosphorylation P The process of removing one or more phosphate groups from a phosphatidylinositol.
46857 oxidoreductase activity, acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors, with NAD or NADP as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a nitrogenous group, excluding NH and NH2 groups, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP.
46858 chlorosome C A large enclosure of aggregated pigment, typically bacteriochlorophyll c (BChl c), that acts as a light-harvesting antenna structure and is characteristic of green photosynthetic bacteria (e.g. Chlorobiaceae). The BChl aggregates are organized into lamellar elements by pigment-pigment rather than pigment-protein interactions. Chlorosomes also contain BChl a, carotenoids, quinones, lipids, and proteins, and are attached to the cytoplasmic membrane via a BChl a-containing protein baseplate.
46859 hydrogenosomal membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a hydrogenosome.
46860 glycosome membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a glycosome.
46861 glyoxysomal membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a glyoxysome.
46862 chromoplast membrane C Either of the lipid bilayers that surround a chromoplast and form the chromoplast envelope.
46863 ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activator activity F Increases the activity of rubisco by the removal of otherwise inhibitory sugar phosphates: RuBP, and in some plants, 2-carboxyarabinitol 1-phosphate.
46864 isoprenoid transport P The directed movement of isoprenoids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Isoprenoids comprise a group of compounds containing or derived from linked isoprene (3-methyl-2-butenylene) residues.
46865 terpenoid transport P The directed movement of terpenoids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Terpenoids are a class of compounds characterized by an isoprenoid chemical structure and include derivatives with various functional groups.
46866 tetraterpenoid transport P The directed movement of tetraterpenoids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Tetraterpenoids are terpenoids with eight isoprene units.
46867 carotenoid transport P The directed movement of carotenoids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Carotenoids are tetraterpenoid compounds in which two units of 4 isoprenoid residues joined head-to-tail are themselves joined tail-to-tail.
46868 mesosome C An intracellular, often complex, membranous structure, sometimes with additional membranous lamellae inside, found in bacteria. They are associated with synthesis of DNA and secretion of proteins.
46869 iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-aspartato diiron disulfide P The incorporation of iron into a 2Fe-2S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-aspartato diiron disulfide.
46870 cadmium ion binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cadmium (Cd) ions.
46871 N-acetylgalactosamine binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with N-acetylgalactosamine, 2-acetamido-2-deoxygalactopyranose, the n-acetyl derivative of galactosamine.
46872 metal ion binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion.
46873 metal ion transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of metal ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
46874 quinolinate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving quinolinate, the anion of quinolinic acid, also known as 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid.
46875 ephrin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an ephrin receptor.
46876 3,4-didehydroretinal binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with 3,4-didehydroretinal, a form of retinal that plays a role in the visual process in freshwater fish and some amphibians analogous to that of all-trans retinal in other vertebrates. 3,4-didehydro-11-cis-retinal combines with an opsin to form cyanopsin (cone) or porphyropsin (rod).
46877 regulation of saliva secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of saliva from a cell or a tissue.
46878 positive regulation of saliva secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of saliva.
46879 hormone secretion P The regulated release of hormones, substances with a specific regulatory effect on a particular organ or group of cells.
46880 regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of follicle-stimulating hormone.
46881 positive regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of follicle-stimulating hormone.
46882 negative regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of follicle-stimulating hormone.
46883 regulation of hormone secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell.
46884 follicle-stimulating hormone secretion P The regulated release of follicle-stimulating hormone, a gonadotropic glycoprotein hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary.
46885 regulation of hormone biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hormones.
46886 positive regulation of hormone biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hormones.
46887 positive regulation of hormone secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell.
46888 negative regulation of hormone secretion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell.
46889 positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids.
46890 regulation of lipid biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids.
46891 peptidyl-cysteine S-carbamoylation P The carbamoylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-carbamoyl-L-cysteine.
46892 peptidyl-S-carbamoyl-L-cysteine dehydration P The dehydration of peptidyl-S-carbamoyl-L-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-cyano-L-cysteine.
46893 iron incorporation into hydrogenase diiron subcluster via L-cysteine ligation P The incorporation of iron into an L-cysteinyl diiron subcluster, found in Fe-hydrogenase.
46894 enzyme active site formation via S-amidino-L-cysteine P Active site formation via the transient amidinylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-amidino-L-cysteine.
46895 N-terminal peptidyl-isoleucine methylation P The methylation of the N-terminal isoleucine of proteins to form the derivative N-methyl-L-isoleucine.
46896 N-terminal peptidyl-leucine methylation P The methylation of the N-terminal leucine of proteins to form the derivative N-methyl-L-leucine.
46897 N-terminal peptidyl-tyrosine methylation P The methylation of the N-terminal tyrosine of proteins to form the derivative N-methyl-L-tyrosine.
46898 response to cycloheximide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cycloheximide stimulus. Cycloheximide (actidione) is an antibiotic produced by some Streptomyces species which interferes with protein synthesis in eukaryotes.
46899 nucleoside triphosphate adenylate kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + AMP = nucleoside diphosphate + ADP.
46900 tetrahydrofolylpolyglutamate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrahydrofolylpolyglutamate, a folate derivative comprising tetrahydrofolate attached to a chain of glutamate residues.
46901 tetrahydrofolylpolyglutamate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetrahydrofolylpolyglutamate, a folate derivative comprising tetrahydrofolate attached to a chain of glutamate residues.
46902 regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by the mitochondrial membrane.
46903 secretion P The controlled release of a substance by a cell or a tissue.
46904 calcium oxalate binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with calcium oxalate, CaC2O4, a salt of oxalic acid. In animals, it may be excreted in urine or retained in the form of urinary calculi.
46905 phytoene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: prephytoene pyrophosphate = phytoene + diphosphate.
46906 tetrapyrrole binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a tetrapyrrole, a compound containing four pyrrole nuclei variously substituted and linked to each other through carbons at the alpha position.
46907 intracellular transport P The directed movement of substances within a cell.
46909 intermembrane transport P The directed movement of substances between any membrane of a cell, including the plasma membrane and its regions.
46910 pectinesterase inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of any pectinesterase enzyme.
46911 metal chelating activity F The formation of bonds from two or more atoms within the same ligand to a metal atom in complexes in which the metal is part of a ring.
46912 transferase activity, transferring acyl groups, acyl groups converted into alkyl on transfer F Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor), with the acyl group being converted into alkyl on transfer.
46914 transition metal ion binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a transition metal ions; a transition metal is an element whose atom has an incomplete d-subshell of extranuclear electrons, or which gives rise to a cation or cations with an incomplete d-subshell. Transition metals often have more than one valency state. Biologically relevant transition metals include vanadium, manganese, iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum and silver.
46915 transition metal ion transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of transition metal ions from one side of a membrane to the other. A transition metal is an element whose atom has an incomplete d-subshell of extranuclear electrons, or which gives rise to a cation or cations with an incomplete d-subshell. Transition metals often have more than one valency state. Biologically relevant transition metals include vanadium, manganese, iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum and silver.
46916 cellular transition metal ion homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of transition metal ions at the level of a cell. A transition metal is an element whose atom has an incomplete d-subshell of extranuclear electrons, or which gives rise to a cation or cations with an incomplete d-subshell. Transition metals often have more than one valency state. Biologically relevant transition metals include vanadium, manganese, iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum and silver.
46917 triphosphoribosyl-dephospho-CoA synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 3-dephospho-CoA = 2'-(5''-triphosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA + adenine.
46918 N-terminal peptidyl-glycine N-palmitoylation P The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to a nitrogen (N) atom in an N-terminal glycine residue to form N-palmitoyl-glycine.
46919 pyruvyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a pyruvyl (oxopropanoyl) group from one compound to another.
46920 alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of an L-fucosyl group from GDP-beta-L-fucose to an acceptor molecule to form an alpha-(1->3) linkage.
46921 alpha-(1->6)-fucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of an L-fucosyl group from GDP-beta-L-fucose to an acceptor molecule to form an alpha-(1->6) linkage.
46922 peptide-O-fucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-L-fucosyl residue from GDP- beta-L-fucose to the serine hydroxy group of a protein acceptor.
46923 ER retention sequence binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention sequence, a specific peptide sequence that ensures a protein is retained within the ER.
46924 peptide cross-linking via 2-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-phenylalanine P The cross-linking of a cysteine residue to an L-phenylalanine residue to form 2-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-phenylalanine.
46925 peptide cross-linking via 2-(S-L-cysteinyl)-D-phenylalanine P The cross-linking of a cysteine residue to an L-phenylalanine residue to form 2-(S-L-cysteinyl)-D-phenylalanine.
46926 peptide cross-linking via 2-(S-L-cysteinyl)-D-allo-threonine P The post-translational cross-linking of a cysteine residue to an L-threonine residue to form 2-(S-L-cysteinyl)-D-allo-threonine.
46927 peptidyl-threonine racemization P The racemization of peptidyl-L-threo-threonine at the alpha-carbon to form D-allo-threonine. This is coupled with the formation of the cross-link 2-(S-L-cysteinyl)-D-allo-threonine.
46928 regulation of neurotransmitter secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter from a cell.
46929 negative regulation of neurotransmitter secretion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter.
46930 pore complex C Any small opening in a membrane that allows the passage of gases and/or liquids.
46931 pore complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a pore complex. A pore complex is a small opening in a membrane that allows the passage of liquids and/or gases.
46932 sodium-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ADP + phosphate + Na+(out) = ATP + H2O + Na+(in), by a rotational mechanism.
46933 proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism F Catalysis of the transfer of protons from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ADP + H2O + phosphate + H+(in) = ATP + H+(out), by a rotational mechanism.
46934 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + ATP = a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).
46935 1-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase regulator activity F Modulates the activity of the enzyme 1-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase activity.
46936 deoxyadenosine deaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: deoxyadenosine + H2O = deoxyinosine + NH3.
46937 phytochelatin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytochelatins, any of a group of peptides that bind metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg) in thiolate coordination complexes. The structure is of the type (gamma-glutamyl-cysteinyl)n-glycine, where n is 2 to 11.
46938 phytochelatin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytochelatins, any of a group of peptides that bind metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg) in thiolate coordination complexes. The structure is of the type (gamma-glutamyl-cysteinyl)n-glycine, where n is 2 to 11.
46939 nucleotide phosphorylation P The process of introducing one or more phosphate groups into a nucleotide to produce a phosphorylated nucleoside.
46940 nucleoside monophosphate phosphorylation P The process of introducing one or more phosphate groups into a nucleoside monophosphate to produce a polyphosphorylated nucleoside.
46941 azetidine-2-carboxylic acid acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid + acetyl-CoA = CoA-SH + N-acetyl azetidine-2-carboxylic acid.
46942 carboxylic acid transport P The directed movement of carboxylic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Carboxylic acids are organic acids containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-).
46943 carboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of carboxylic acids from one side of the membrane to the other. Carboxylic acids are organic acids containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-).
46944 protein carbamoylation P The addition of a carbamoyl group to a protein amino acid. A carbamoyl group is the acyl group -CO-NH2.
46945 N-terminal peptidyl-alanine N-carbamoylation P The carbamylation of the N-terminal alanine of proteins to form the derivative N-carbamoyl-L-alanine.
46946 hydroxylysine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving hydroxylysine (5-hydroxy-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid), a chiral alpha-amino acid. Hydroxylysine is found in collagen and commonly has galactose and then glucose added sequentially by glycosyltransferases.
46947 hydroxylysine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydroxylysine (5-hydroxy-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid), a chiral alpha-amino acid.
46948 hydroxylysine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hydroxylysine (5-hydroxy-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid), a chiral alpha-amino acid.
46949 fatty-acyl-CoA biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a fatty-acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with a fatty-acyl group.
46950 cellular ketone body metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving ketone bodies, any one of the three substances: acetoacetate, D-3-hydroxybutyrate (beta-hydroxybutyrate) or acetone, as carried out by individual cells. Although 3-hydroxybutyrate is not a ketone, it is classed as a ketone body because it exists in an equilibrium with acetoacetate. Ketone bodies may accumulate in excessive amounts in the body in starvation, diabetes mellitus or in other defects of carbohydrate metabolism.
46951 ketone body biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ketone bodies, any one of the three substances: acetoacetate, D-3-hydroxybutyrate (beta-hydroxybutyrate) or acetone. Biosynthesis involves the formation of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA, which is cleaved to acetate and acetyl-CoA.
46952 ketone body catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ketone bodies, any one of the three substances: acetoacetate, D-3-hydroxybutyrate (beta-hydroxybutyrate) or acetone. Ketone bodies can be used as an energy source as an alternative to glucose. Utilization of ketone bodies in peripheral tissues involves conversion of acetoacetate to acetoacetyl-CoA, which is then converted to two molecules of acetyl-CoA.
46956 positive phototaxis P The directed movement of a cell or organism towards a source of light.
46957 negative phototaxis P The directed movement of a cell or organism away from a source of light.
46958 nonassociative learning P A simple form of learning whereby the repeated presence of a stimulus leads to a change in the probability or strength of the response to that stimulus. There is no association of one type of stimulus with another, rather it is a generalized response to the environment.
46959 habituation P A decrease in a behavioral response to a repeated stimulus. This is exemplified by the failure of a person to show a startle response to a loud noise that has been repeatedly presented.
46960 sensitization P An increased in a behavioral response to a repeated stimulus. For example, a shock to the tail of the marine snail Aplysia, to which the snail responds by withdrawing its gill, will result in increased gill withdrawal the next time the skin is touched.
46961 proton-transporting ATPase activity, rotational mechanism F Catalysis of the transfer of protons from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + H+(in) = ADP + phosphate + H+(out), by a rotational mechanism.
46962 sodium-transporting ATPase activity, rotational mechanism F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Na+(in) = ADP + phosphate + Na+(out), by a rotational mechanism.
46963 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate transport P The directed movement of 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, a naturally occurring mixed anhydride synthesized from adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
46964 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, a naturally occurring mixed anhydride synthesized from adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, from one side of a membrane to the other.
46965 retinoid X receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a retinoid X receptor.
46966 thyroid hormone receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a thyroid hormone receptor.
46967 cytosol to ER transport P The directed movement of substances from the cytosol to the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell.
46968 peptide antigen transport P The directed movement of a peptide antigen into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from an endogenous or exogenous protein.
46969 NAD-dependent histone deacetylase activity (H3-K9 specific) F Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 9) + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine (position 9) + acetate. This reaction requires the presence of NAD, and represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 9 of the histone H3 protein.
46970 NAD-dependent histone deacetylase activity (H4-K16 specific) F Catalysis of the reaction: histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 16) + H2O = histone H4 L-lysine (position 16) + acetate. This reaction requires the presence of NAD, and represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 16 of the histone H4 protein.
46972 histone acetyltransferase activity (H4-K16 specific) F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H4 L-lysine (position 16) = CoA + histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 16). This reaction represents the addition of an acetyl group to the lysine at position 16 of histone H4.
46974 histone methyltransferase activity (H3-K9 specific) F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H3 L-lysine (position 9) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H3 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 9). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group onto lysine at position 9 of the histone H3 protein.
46975 histone methyltransferase activity (H3-K36 specific) F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H3 L-lysine (position 36) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H3 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 36). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group onto lysine at position 36 of the histone H3 protein.
46976 histone methyltransferase activity (H3-K27 specific) F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H3 L-lysine (position 27) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H3 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 27). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group onto lysine at position 27 of the histone H3 protein.
46977 TAP binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with TAP protein, transporter associated with antigen processing protein. TAP protein is a heterodimeric peptide transporter consisting of the subunits TAP1 and TAP2.
46978 TAP1 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the TAP1 subunit of TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) protein.
46979 TAP2 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the TAP2 subunit of TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) protein.
46980 tapasin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with tapasin, a member of the MHC class I loading complex which bridges the TAP peptide transporter to class I molecules.
46981 beta-1,4-mannosylglycolipid beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) in a beta-1,3 linkage to the mannose(beta-1,4)Glc disaccharide core of glycolipids.
46982 protein heterodimerization activity F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer.
46983 protein dimerization activity F The formation of a protein dimer, a macromolecular structure consists of two noncovalently associated identical or nonidentical subunits.
46984 regulation of hemoglobin biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hemoglobin, an oxygen carrying, conjugated protein containing four heme groups and globin.
46985 positive regulation of hemoglobin biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hemoglobin, an oxygen carrying, conjugated protein containing four heme groups and globin.
46986 negative regulation of hemoglobin biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hemoglobin, an oxygen carrying, conjugated protein containing four heme groups and globin.
46987 N-acetyllactosamine beta-1,3-glucuronosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer, in a beta 1,3 linkage, of D-glucuronic acid (GlcUA) from UDP-D-glucuronic acid to N-acetyllactosamine (galactosyl beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosamine).
46988 asioloorosomucoid beta-1,3-glucuronosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer, in a beta 1,3 linkage, of D-glucuronic acid (GlcUA) from UDP-GlcUA to asioloorosomucoid.
46989 galactosyl beta-1,3 N-acetylgalactosamine beta-1,3-glucuronosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer, in a beta 1,3 linkage, of D-glucuronic acid (GlcUA) from UDP-GlcUA to the disaccharide galactosyl beta-1,3 N-acetylgalactosamine, a common component of glycoproteins and glycolipids.
46990 N-hydroxyarylamine O-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + an N-hydroxyarylamine = CoA + an N-acetoxyarylamine.
46992 oxidoreductase activity, acting on X-H and Y-H to form an X-Y bond F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which X-H and Y-H form X-Y.
46993 oxidoreductase activity, acting on X-H and Y-H to form an X-Y bond, with oxygen as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which X-H and Y-H form X-Y and the acceptor is oxygen.
46994 oxidoreductase activity, acting on hydrogen as donor, with a quinone or similar compound as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen acts as an electron donor and reduces quinone or similar compound.
46995 oxidoreductase activity, acting on hydrogen as donor, with other known acceptors F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen reduces a known acceptor other than a cytochrome, an iron-sulfur protein, NAD, NADP, or a quinone or similar compound.
46996 oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, with NAD(P)H as one donor, and the other dehydrogenated F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from NADH or NADPH and one other donor, and the latter donor is dehydrogenated.
46997 oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors, flavin as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a flavin.
46998 (S)-usnate reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (6R)-2-acetyl-6-(3-acetyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-3-hydroxy-6-methylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one + NAD(+) = (S)-usnate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
46999 regulation of conjugation P Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of conjugation, the union or introduction of genetic information from compatible mating types that results in a genetically different individual.
47000 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate + NADP(+) = (4S,5S)-4,5-dihydroxy-2,6-dioxohexanoate + H(+) + NADPH.
47001 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 5-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate = NADH + (4S)-4,6-dihydroxy-2,5-dioxohexanoate.
47002 L-arabinitol 2-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-arabinitol + NAD(+) = L-ribulose + H(+) + NADH.
47003 dTDP-6-deoxy-L-talose 4-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-6-deoxy-L-talose + NADP(+) = dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-L-mannose + H(+) + NADPH.
47004 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 6-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + 2 NAD(+) + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = 3 H(+) + 2 NADH + UDP-N-acetyl-2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucuronate.
47005 16-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + 16-alpha-hydroxysteroid = NADPH + H+ + 16-oxosteroid.
47006 17-alpha,20-alpha-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + 17-alpha,20-alpha-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one = NAD(P)H + H+ + 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone.
47007 pregnan-21-ol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(+) + pregnan-21-ol = H(+) + NADH + pregnan-21-al.
47008 pregnan-21-ol dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NADP(+) + pregnan-21-ol = H(+) + NADPH + pregnan-21-al.
47009 3-alpha-hydroxy-5-beta-androstane-17-one 3-alpha-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + 3-alpha-hydroxy-5-beta-androstane-17-one = NADH + H+ + 5-beta-androstane-3,17-dione.
47010 hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (1S,3R,4S)-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxylate + NAD(+) = (1S,4S)-4-hydroxy-3-oxocyclohexane-1-carboxylate + H(+) + NADH.
47011 2-dehydropantolactone reductase (A-specific) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-pantolactone + NADP+ = 2-dehydropantolactone + NADPH + H+. The reaction is A-specific (i.e. the pro-R hydrogen is transferred from the 4-position of reduced nicotinamide cofactor) with respect to NADP+.
47012 sterol-4-alpha-carboxylate 3-dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + 3-beta-hydroxy-4-alpha-methyl-5-alpha-cholest-7-ene-4-beta-carboxylate = NAD(P)H + H+ + CO2 + 4-alpha-methyl-5-alpha-cholest-7-en-3-one.
47013 cholate 12-alpha dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cholate + NADP(+) = 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-12-oxo-5beta-cholanate + H(+) + NADPH.
47014 glycerol-3-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase [NADP+] activity F Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + NADP(+) = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H(+) + NADPH.
47015 3-hydroxy-2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA = NADH + H+ + 2-methylaceto-acetyl-CoA.
47016 cholest-5-ene-3-beta,7-alpha-diol 3-beta-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + 7-alpha-hydroxycholesterol = NADH + H+ + 7-alpha-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one.
47017 prostaglandin-F synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + (5Z,13E)-(15S)-9-alpha,11-alpha,15-trihydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate = NADPH + H+ + (5Z,13E)-(15S)-9-alpha,15-dihydroxy-11-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoate.
47018 indole-3-acetaldehyde reductase (NADH) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-ethanol + NAD(+) = (indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde + H(+) + NADH.
47019 indole-3-acetaldehyde reductase (NADPH) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-ethanol + NADP(+) = (indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde + H(+) + NADPH.
47020 15-hydroxyprostaglandin-D dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + (5Z,13E)-(15S)-9-alpha,15-dihydroxy-11-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoate = NADPH + H+ + (5Z,13E)-9-alpha-hydroxy-11,15-dioxoprosta-5,13-dienoate.
47021 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NADP(+) + prostaglandin E(1) = 15-dehydro-prostaglandin E1 + H(+) + NADPH.
47022 7-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + a 7-beta-hydroxysteroid = NADPH + H+ + a 7-oxosteroid.
47023 androsterone dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + androsterone = NAD(P)H + H+ + 5-alpha-androstane-3,17-dione.
47024 5alpha-androstane-3beta,17beta-diol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5alpha-androstane-3beta,17beta-diol + NADP(+) = 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one + H(+) + NADPH.
47025 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + OH-acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = NADH + H+ + B-ketoacyl-[acyl-carrier protein].
47026 androsterone dehydrogenase (A-specific) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + androsterone = NAD(P)H + H+ + 5-alpha-androstane-3,17-dione. The reaction is A-specific (i.e. the pro-R hydrogen is transferred from the 4-position of reduced nicotinamide cofactor) with respect to NAD(P)+.
47027 benzyl-2-methyl-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: benzyl (2R,3S)-2-methyl-3-hydroxybutanoate + NADP(+) = benzyl 2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + H(+) + NADPH.
47028 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin 2'-reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + 6-lactoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin = NADPH + H+ + 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin.
47029 (R)-4-hydroxyphenyllactate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + (R)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate = NAD(P)H + H+ + 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate.
47030 4-hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: trans-4-hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylate + NAD(+) = 4-oxocyclohexanecarboxylate + H(+) + NADH.
47031 diethyl 2-methyl-3-oxosuccinate reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: diethyl (2R,3R)-2-methyl-3-hydroxysuccinate + NADP(+) = diethyl 2-methyl-3-oxosuccinate + H(+) + NADPH.
47032 3-alpha-hydroxyglycyrrhetinate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3alpha-hydroxyglycyrrhetinate + NADP(+) = 3-oxoglycyrrhetinate + H(+) + NADPH.
47033 15-hydroxyprostaglandin-I dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NADP(+) + prostaglandin I(2) = 15-dehydro-prostaglandin I(2) + H(+) + NADPH.
47034 15-hydroxyicosatetraenoate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + (15S)-15-hydroxy-5,8,11-cis-13-trans-icosatetraenoate = NAD(P)H + H+ + 15-oxo-5,8,11-cis-13-trans-icosatetraenoate.
47035 testosterone dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: testosterone + NAD+ = androst-4-ene-3,17-dione + NADH.
47036 codeinone reductase (NADPH) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: codeine + NADP(+) = codeinone + H(+) + NADPH.
47037 salutaridine reductase (NADPH) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (7S)-salutaridinol + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + salutaridine.
47038 D-arabinitol 2-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinitol + NAD(+) = D-ribulose + H(+) + NADH.
47039 tetrahydroxynaphthalene reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + scytalone = NADPH + H+ + 1,3,6,8-naphthalenetetrol.
47040 pteridine reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + 2 NADP(+) = biopterin + 2 H(+) + 2 NADPH.
47041 (S)-carnitine 3-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-carnitine + NAD(+) = 3-dehydrocarnitine + H(+) + NADH.
47042 androsterone dehydrogenase (B-specific) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + androsterone = NAD(P)H + H+ + 5-alpha-androstane-3,17-dione. The reaction is B-specific (i.e. the pro-S hydrogen is transferred from the 4-position of reduced nicotinamide cofactor) with respect to NAD(P)+.
47043 3-alpha-hydroxycholanate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: lithocholate + NAD(+) = 3-oxo-5beta-cholanate + H(+) + NADH.
47044 androstan-3-alpha,17-beta-diol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + androstan-3-alpha,17-beta-diol = 17-beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one + NADH + H+.
47045 testosterone 17-beta-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + testosterone = NADPH + H+ + androst-4-ene-3,17-dione.
47046 homoisocitrate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + 3-carboxy-2-hydroxyadipate = NADH + H+ + CO2 + 2-keto-adipate.
47047 oxaloglycolate reductase (decarboxylating) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glycerate + CO2 + NAD(P)+ = NAD(P)H + H+ + 2-hydroxy-3-oxosuccinate.
47048 3-hydroxybenzyl-alcohol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxybenzyl alcohol + NADP(+) = 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde + H(+) + NADPH.
47049 (R)-2-hydroxy-fatty acid dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-hydroxystearate + NAD(+) = 2-oxostearate + H(+) + NADH.
47050 (S)-2-hydroxy-fatty acid dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-hydroxystearate + NAD(+) = 2-oxostearate + H(+) + NADH.
47051 D-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome c-553) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 ferricytochrome C-553 + D-lactate = 2 ferrocytochrome C-553 + pyruvate.
47052 (S)-stylopine synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-cheilanthifoline + H(+) + NADPH + O(2) = (S)-stylopine + 2 H(2)O + NADP(+).
47053 (S)-cheilanthifoline synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-scoulerine + H(+) + NADPH + O(2) = (S)-cheilanthifoline + 2 H(2)O + NADP(+).
47054 berbamunine synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + NADPH + H+ + R-N-methylcoclaurine + S-N-methylcoclaurine = 2 H2O + NADP+ + berbamunine.
47055 salutaridine synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-reticuline + H(+) + NADPH + O(2) = 2 H(2)O + NADP(+) + salutaridine.
47056 (S)-canadine synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-tetrahydrocolumbamine + H(+) + NADPH + O(2) = (S)-canadine + 2 H(2)O + NADP(+).
47057 vitamin-K-epoxide reductase (warfarin-sensitive) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methyl-3-phytyl-1,4-naphthoquinone + oxidized dithiothreitol + H2O = 2,3-epoxy-2,3-dihydro-2-methyl-3-phytyl-1,4-naphthoquinone + 1,4-dithiothreitol.
47058 vitamin-K-epoxide reductase (warfarin-insensitive) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-phytyl-2,3-dihydronaphthoquinone + oxidized dithiothreitol + H2O = 2,3-epoxy-2,3-dihydro-2-methyl-3-phytyl-1,4-naphthoquinone + 1,4-dithiothreitol.
47059 polyvinyl alcohol dehydrogenase (cytochrome) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: polyvinyl alcohol + ferricytochrome c = oxidized polyvinyl alcohol + ferrocytochrome c + H+.
47060 (R)-pantolactone dehydrogenase (flavin) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-pantolactone + A = 2-dehydropantolactone + AH(2).
47061 glucose-fructose oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose + D-glucose = D-glucitol + D-glucono-1,5-lactone.
47062 trans-acenaphthene-1,2-diol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (+-)-trans-acenaphthene-1,2-diol + 2 NADP(+) = acenaphthene-1,2-dione + 2 H(+) + 2 NADPH.
47063 L-ascorbate-cytochrome-b5 reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ferricytochrome B5 + ascorbate = ferrocytochrome B5 + monodehydroascorbate.
47064 sulochrin oxidase [(+)-bisdechlorogeodin-forming] activity F Catalysis of the reaction: O(2) + 2 sulochrin = 2 (2S)-bisdechlorogeodin + 2 H(2)O.
47065 sulochrin oxidase [(-)-bisdechlorogeodin-forming] activity F Catalysis of the reaction: O(2) + 2 sulochrin = 2 (2R)-bisdechlorogeodin + 2 H(2)O.
47066 phospholipid-hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a lipid hydroperoxide + 2 reduced glutathione = 2 H2O + lipid + 2 oxidized glutathione.
47067 hydrogen:quinone oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2) + menaquinone = reduced menaquinone.
47068 N5,N10-methenyltetrahydromethanopterin hydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + H(2) = 5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin + H(+).
47069 7,8-dihydroxykynurenate 8,8a-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydroxykynurenate + O(2) = 5-(3-carboxylato-3-oxoprop-1-en-1-yl)-4,6-dihydroxypyridine-2-carboxylate + H(+).
47070 3-carboxyethylcatechol 2,3-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate = 2-hydroxy-6-oxonona-2,4-diene-1,9-dioate.
47071 3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione 4,5-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione + O(2) = 3-hydroxy-5,9,17-trioxo-4,5:9,10-disecoandrosta-1(10),2-dien-4-oate + H(+).
47072 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate 2,3-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + O(2) = 2-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate + 2 H(+).
47073 2,4'-dihydroxyacetophenone dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4'-dihydroxyacetophenone + O(2) = 4-hydroxybenzoate + formate + 2 H(+).
47074 4-hydroxycatechol 1,2-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + benzene-1,2,4-triol = maleylacetate.
47075 2,5-dihydroxypyridine 5,6-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + O2 + 2,5-dihydroxypyridine = formate + maleamate.
47077 Photinus-luciferin 4-monooxygenase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + ATP + Photinus luciferin = light + diphosphate + AMP + CO2 + oxidized Photinus luciferin.
47078 3-hydroxy-4-oxoquinoline 2,4-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + 3-hydroxy-1H-quinolin-4-one = carbon monoxide + N-formylanthranilate.
47079 deoxyuridine 1'-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxyuridine + 2-oxoglutarate + O(2) = 2-deoxy-D-ribono-1,4-lactone + CO(2) + succinate + uracil.
47080 deoxyuridine 2'-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxyuridine + 2-oxoglutarate + O(2) = CO(2) + succinate + uridine.
47081 3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridinecarboxylate dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + NAD(P)H + H+ + 3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridine-5-carboxylate = NAD(P)+ + 2-(acetamidomethylene)succinate.
47082 3,9-dihydroxypterocarpan 6a-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (6aR,11aR)-3,9-dihydroxypterocarpan + H(+) + NADPH + O(2) = (6aS,11aS)-3,6a,9-trihydroxypterocarpan + H(2)O + NADP(+). (6aS,11aS)-3,6a,9-trihydroxypterocarpan is also known as (-)-glycinol.
47083 5-O-(4-coumaroyl)-D-quinate 3'-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + NADPH + H+ + trans-5-O-(4-coumaroyl)-D-quinate = H2O + NADP+ + trans-5-O-caffeoyl-D-quinate.
47084 methyltetrahydroprotoberberine 14-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + NADPH + H+ + (S)-N-methylcanadine = H2O + NADP+ + allocryptopine.
47085 hydroxyphenylacetonitrile 2-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxyphenylacetonitrile + H(+) + NADPH + O(2) = 4-hydroxymandelonitrile + H(2)O + NADP(+).
47086 ketosteroid monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + NADPH + progesterone = H2O + NADP+ + testosterone acetate.
47087 protopine 6-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(+) + NADPH + O(2) + protopine = 6-hydroxyprotopine + H(2)O + NADP(+).
47088 dihydrosanguinarine 10-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dihydrosanguinarine + H(+) + NADPH + O(2) = 10-hydroxydihydrosanguinarine + H(2)O + NADP(+).
47089 dihydrochelirubine 12-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dihydrochelirubine + H(+) + NADPH + O(2) = 12-hydroxydihydrochelirubine + H(2)O + NADP(+).
47090 benzoyl-CoA 3-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: benzoyl-CoA + H(+) + NADPH + O(2) = 3-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA + H(2)O + NADP(+).
47091 L-lysine 6-monooxygenase (NADPH) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + NADPH + O(2) = N(6)-hydroxy-L-lysine + H(2)O + NADP(+).
47092 27-hydroxycholesterol 7-alpha-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + NADPH + 27-hydroxycholesterol = H2O + NADP+ + 7-alpha,27-dihydroxycholesterol.
47093 4-hydroxyquinoline 3-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(+) + NADH + O(2) + quinolin-4-ol = H(2)O + NAD(+) + quinoline-3,4-diol.
47094 3-hydroxyphenylacetate 6-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + NAD(P)H + 3-hydroxyphenylacetate = H2O + NAD(P)+ + homogentisate.
47095 2-hydroxycyclohexanone 2-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxycyclohexan-1-one + NADPH + O(2) = 6-oxohexanoate + H(2)O + NADP(+).
47096 androst-4-ene-3,17-dione monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + androst-4-ene-3,17-dione + O(2) = A + H(2)O + testololactone.
47097 phylloquinone monooxygenase (2,3-epoxidizing) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + O(2) + phylloquinone = 2,3-epoxyphylloquinone + A + H(2)O.
47098 Latia-luciferin monooxygenase (demethylating) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 O2 + donor-H2 + Latia luciferin = light + H2O + acceptor + formate + CO2 + oxidized Latia luciferin.
47099 CDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxyglucose reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + NAD(P)+ + CDP-4-dehydro-3,6-dideoxy-D-glucose = NAD(P)H + CDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose.
47100 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP+) (phosphorylating) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phosphate + NADP+ + glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate = NADPH + 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate.
47101 2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase (acylating) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + CoA + 2-keto-isovalerate = NADH + CO2 + isobutyryl-CoA.
47102 aminomuconate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + NAD+ + 2-aminomuconate semialdehyde = NADH + 2-amino-muconate.
47103 3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-trihydroxycholestan-26-al 26-oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + NAD+ + 3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-trihydroxy-5-beta-cholestan-26-al = NADH + 3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-trihydroxy-5-beta-cholestanate.
47104 hexadecanal dehydrogenase (acylating) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: CoA + NAD(+) + palmitaldehyde = H(+) + NADH + palmitoyl-CoA.
47105 4-trimethylammoniobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + 4-trimethylammoniobutanal = NADH + 4-trimethylammoniobutanoate.
47106 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde + H2O = NADH + 4-hydroxyphenylacetate.
47107 gamma-guanidinobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-guanidinobutanal + H(2)O + NAD(+) = 4-guanidinobutanoate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
47108 (R)-3-hydroxyacid-ester dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ethyl (R)-3-hydroxyhexanoate + NADP(+) = ethyl 3-oxohexanoate + H(+) + NADPH.
47109 (S)-3-hydroxyacid-ester dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ethyl (S)-3-hydroxyhexanoate + NADP(+) = ethyl 3-oxohexanoate + H(+) + NADPH.
47110 phenylglyoxylate dehydrogenase (acylating) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: CoA + NAD(+) + phenylglyoxylate = benzoyl-CoA + CO(2) + NADH.
47111 formate dehydrogenase (cytochrome-c-553) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ferricytochrome C-553 + formate = ferrocytochrome C-553 + CO2.
47112 pyruvate oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(+) + O(2) + phosphate + pyruvate = acetyl phosphate + CO(2) + H(2)O(2).
47113 aldehyde dehydrogenase (quinone) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an aldehyde + a quinone + H2O = a carboxylate + a quinol.
47114 kynurenate-7,8-dihydrodiol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxykynurenate + NAD(+) = 7,8-dihydroxykynurenate + H(+) + NADH.
47115 trans-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + trans-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol = NADPH + catechol.
47116 1,6-dihydroxycyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-carboxylate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + 1,6-dihydroxycyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-carboxylate = NADH + CO2 + catechol.
47117 enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADPH, A-specific) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADP+ = trans-D2-enoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADPH + H+.
47118 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoate reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,6-dioxo-6-phenylhexanoate + NADP(+) = 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoate + H(+) + NADPH.
47119 2-methyl-branched-chain-enoyl-CoA reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylbutanoyl-CoA + NAD(+) = 2-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA + H(+) + NADH.
47120 (3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,5-diene-1,4-dicarboxylate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,5-diene-1,4-dicarboxylate + NAD(+) = 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + CO(2) + NADH.
47121 isoquinoline 1-oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: A + H(2)O + isoquinoline = AH(2) + isoquinolin-1(2H)-one.
47122 quinaldate 4-oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: A + H(2)O + quinaldate = AH(2) + kynurenate.
47123 quinoline-4-carboxylate 2-oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: A + H(2)O + quinoline-4-carboxylate = 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-4-carboxylate + AH(2).
47124 L-erythro-3,5-diaminohexanoate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (3S,5S)-3,5-diaminohexanoate + H(2)O + NAD(+) = (S)-5-amino-3-oxo-hexanoate + H(+) + NADH + NH(4)(+).
47125 delta1-piperideine-2-carboxylate reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + L-pipecolate = NADPH + delta1-piperideine-2-carboxylate.
47126 N5-(carboxyethyl)ornithine synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N(5)-[1(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-L-ornithine + H(2)O + NADP(+) = L-ornithine + H(+) + NADPH + pyruvate.
47127 thiomorpholine-carboxylate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + thiomorpholine-3-carboxylate = NAD(P)H + 3,4-dehydro-1,4-thiomorpholine-3-carboxylate.
47128 1,2-dehydroreticulinium reductase (NADPH) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-reticuline + NADP(+) = 1,2-dehydroreticuline + H(+) + NADPH.
47129 opine dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (2S)-2-[(R)-1-carboxyethylamino]pentanoate + H(2)O + NAD(+) = L-2-aminopentanoate + H(+) + NADH + pyruvate.
47130 saccharopine dehydrogenase (NADP+, L-lysine-forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-saccharopine + H(2)O + NADP(+) = 2-oxoglutarate + L-lysine + H(+) + NADPH.
47131 saccharopine dehydrogenase (NAD+, L-glutamate-forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-saccharopine + H(2)O + NAD(+) = L-glutamate + allysine + H(+) + NADH.
47132 dihydrobenzophenanthridine oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + dihydrosanguinarine = H2O2 + sanguinarine.
47133 dimethylamine dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: electron-transferring flavoprotein + H2O + dimethylamine = reduced electron-transferring flavoprotein + formaldehyde + methylamine.
47134 protein-disulfide reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: protein-dithiol + NAD(P)+ = protein-disulfide + NAD(P)H + H+.
47135 bis-gamma-glutamylcystine reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine + NADP(+) = bis-gamma-glutamylcystine + H(+) + NADPH.
47136 4-(dimethylamino)phenylazoxybenzene reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + H(2)O + NADP(+) = 4-(dimethylamino)phenylazoxybenzene + H(+) + NADPH.
47137 N-hydroxy-2-acetamidofluorene reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-acetamidofluorene + NAD(P)+ + H2O = N-hydroxy-2-acetamidofluorene + NAD(P)H + H+.
47138 aquacobalamin reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 cob(II)alamin + NAD+ = 2 aquacob(III)alamin + NADH + H+.
47139 glutathione-homocystine transhydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: homocystine + 2 reduced glutathione = oxidized glutathione + 2 homocysteine.
47140 glutathione-CoA-glutathione transhydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: oxidized glutathione + CoA = reduced glutathione + CoA-glutathione.
47141 glutathione-cystine transhydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cystine + 2 reduced glutathione = oxidized glutathione + 2 L-cysteine.
47142 enzyme-thiol transhydrogenase (glutathione-disulfide) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: oxidized glutathione + [xanthine dehydrogenase] = reduced glutathione + xanthine-oxidase.
47143 chlorate reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + chlorate = A + chlorite + H(2)O + H(+).
47144 2-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + acyl-CoA = L-phosphatidate + CoA.
47145 demethylsterigmatocystin 6-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 6-demethylsterigmatocystin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = sterigmatocystin + S-adenosyl-homocysteine.
47146 sterigmatocystin 7-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: sterigmatocystin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 7-O-methylsterigmatocystin + S-adenosyl-homocysteine.
47147 trimethylsulfonium-tetrahydrofolate N-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + trimethylsulfonium = (6S)-5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + dimethyl sulfide + H(+).
47148 methylamine-glutamate N-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + methylammonium = N-methyl-L-glutamate + NH(4)(+).
47149 thetin-homocysteine S-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-homocysteine + dimethylsulfonioacetate = (methylthio)acetate + L-methionine + H(+).
47150 betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-homocysteine + betaine = N,N-dimethylglycine + L-methionine.
47151 methylenetetrahydrofolate-tRNA-(uracil-5-)-methyltransferase (FADH2-oxidizing) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + tRNA containing uridine at position 54 + FADH + H+ = tetrahydrofolate + tRNA containing ribothymidine at position 54 + FAD+.
47152 methanol-5-hydroxybenzimidazolylcobamide Co-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxybenzimidazolylcobamide + methanol = H2O + Co-methyl-Co-5-hydroxybenzimidazolylcob(I)amide.
47153 deoxycytidylate 5-hydroxymethyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + dCMP + H(2)O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + 5-hydroxymethyldeoxycytidylate.
47154 methylmalonyl-CoA carboxytransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + D-methylmalonyl-CoA = oxaloacetic acid + propionyl-CoA.
47155 3-hydroxymethylcephem carbamoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-hydroxymethylceph-3-em-4-carboxylate + carbamoyl-phosphate = phosphate + a 3-carbamoyloxymethylcephem.
47156 acetoin-ribose-5-phosphate transaldolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 5-phosphate + acetoin = 1-deoxy-D-altro-heptulose 7-phosphate + acetaldehyde.
47157 myelin-proteolipid O-palmitoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: [myelin proteolipid] + palmityl-CoA = [myelin proteolipid] O-palmitoylprotein + CoA.
47158 sinapoylglucose-sinapoylglucose O-sinapoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 1-O-sinapoyl-beta-D-glucose = 1,2-di-O-sinapoyl-beta-D-glucose + D-glucose.
47159 1-alkenylglycerophosphocholine O-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-alkenylglycerophosphocholine + acyl-CoA = 1-alkenyl-2-acylglycerophosphocholine + CoA.
47160 alkylglycerophosphate 2-O-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-alkyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + acetyl-CoA = 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + CoA.
47161 tartronate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: hydroxymalonate + sinapoyl-CoA = CoA + sinapoyltartronate.
47162 17-O-deacetylvindoline O-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (1R,9R,10S,11R,12R,19R)-12-ethyl-10,11-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-10-(methoxycarbonyl)-8-methyl-8,16-diazapentacyclo[10.6.1.0^{1,9}.0^{2,7}.0^{16,19}]nonadeca-2(7),3,5,13-tetraen-16-ium + acetyl-CoA = (1R,9R,10S,11R,12R,19R)-11-(acetyloxy)-12-ethyl-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-10-(methoxycarbonyl)-8-methyl-8,16-diazapentacyclo[10.6.1.0^{1,9}.0^{2,7}.0^{16,19}]nonadeca-2(7),3,5,13-tetraen-16-ium + CoA.
47163 3,4-dichloroaniline N-malonyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dichloroaniline + malonyl-CoA = N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)malonamate + CoA.
47164 isoflavone-7-O-beta-glucoside 6''-O-malonyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: biochanin-A + malonyl-CoA = 6'-malonyl-biochanin A + CoA.
47165 flavonol-3-O-beta-glucoside O-malonyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: flavonol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside + malonyl-CoA = malonyl-flavonol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside + CoA.
47166 1-alkenylglycerophosphoethanolamine O-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-alkenylglycerophosphoethanolamine + acyl-CoA = 1-alkenyl-2-acyl-glycerophosphoethanolamine + CoA.
47167 1-alkyl-2-acetylglycerol O-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol + acyl-CoA = 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-3-acyl-sn-glycerol + CoA.
47168 isocitrate O-dihydroxycinnamoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: caffeoyl-CoA + isocitrate = 2-caffeoylisocitrate + CoA.
47169 galactarate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: feruloyl-CoA + galactarate = 2-(E)-O-feruloyl-D-galactarate + CoA.
47170 glucarate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucarate + sinapoyl-CoA = 2-O-sinapoyl-D-glucarate + CoA.
47171 glucarolactone O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glucarolactone + sinapoyl-CoA = O-sinapoylglucarolactone + CoA.
47172 shikimate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: shikimate + coumaroyl-CoA = 4-coumaroylshikimate + CoA.
47173 phosphatidylcholine-retinol O-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: retinol-[cellular-retinol-binding-protein] + phosphatidylcholine = retinyl-ester-[cellular-retinol-binding-protein] + 2-acylglycerophosphocholine.
47174 putrescine N-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: caffeoyl-CoA + putrescine = N-caffeoylputrescine + CoA + H(+).
47175 galactosylacylglycerol O-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: sn-3-D-galactosyl-sn-2-acylglycerol + acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = D-galactosyldiacylglycerol + [acyl-carrier protein].
47176 beta-glucogallin-tetrakisgalloylglucose O-galloyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2,3,6-tetrakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose + 1-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose = 1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose + D-glucose.
47177 glycerophospholipid arachidonoyl-transferase (CoA-independent) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + 1-alkyl-2-arachidonyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 1-alkyl-2-arachidonyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine.
47178 glycerophospholipid acyltransferase (CoA-dependent) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-radyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + 1-radyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-radyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 1-radyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine.
47179 platelet-activating factor acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-radyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospholipid + 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 1-radyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phospholipid.
47180 salutaridinol 7-O-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (7S)-salutaridinol + acetyl-CoA = (7S)-O-acetylsalutaridinol + CoA.
47181 benzophenone synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA = 3 CO2 + 2,3',4,6-tetrahydroxybenzophenone + 4 coenzyme A.
47182 alcohol O-cinnamoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an alcohol + 1-O-trans-cinnamoyl-beta-D-glucopyranose = beta-D-glucose + alkyl cinnamate.
47183 anthocyanin 5-aromatic acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: anthocyanidin-3,5-diglucoside + hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA = anthocyanidin 3-glucoside-5-hydroxycinnamoylglucoside + CoA.
47184 1-acylglycerophosphocholine O-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acyl-CoA = phosphatidylcholine + CoA.
47185 N-acetylneuraminate 4-O-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetylneuraminate + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-4-O-acetylneuraminate + CoA.
47186 N-acetylneuraminate 7-O(or 9-O)-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetylneuraminate + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-7-O(or 9-O)-acetylneuraminate + CoA.
47187 deacetyl-[citrate-(pro-3S)-lyase] S-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: deacetyl-[citrate-oxaloacetate-lyase ((pro-3S)-CH(2)COO(-)-acetate)] + S-acetylphosphopantetheine = [citrate oxaloacetate-lyase ((pro-3S)-CH(2)COO(-)-acetate)] + pantetheine 4'-phosphate.
47188 aromatic-hydroxylamine O-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl + N-hydroxy-4-acetylaminonbiphenyl = N-acetoxy-4-aminobiphenyl + N-hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl.
47189 2,3-diaminopropionate N-oxalyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-amino-L-alanine + oxalyl-CoA = N(3)-oxalyl-L-2,3-diaminopropanoate + CoA.
47190 2-acylglycerophosphocholine O-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acyl-CoA = 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA.
47191 1-alkylglycerophosphocholine O-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acyl-CoA = 1-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA.
47192 1-alkylglycerophosphocholine O-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acetyl-CoA = 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA.
47194 indoleacetylglucose-inositol O-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-O-(indol-3-ylacetyl)-beta-D-glucose + myo-inositol = 1L-1-O-(indol-3-yl)acetyl-myo-inositol + D-glucose.
47195 diacylglycerol-sterol O-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: sterol + 1,2-diacylglycerol = sterol ester + acylglycerol.
47196 long-chain-alcohol O-fatty-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a long-chain-alcohol + acyl-CoA = a long-chain ester + CoA.
47197 triglyceride-sterol O-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-beta-hydroxysterol + triacylglycerol = a 3-beta-hydroxysterol ester + 1,2-diacylglycerol.
47198 cysteine-S-conjugate N-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-substituted L-cysteine + acetyl-CoA = S-substituted N-acetyl-L-cysteine + CoA + H(+).
47199 phosphatidylcholine-dolichol O-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + dolichol = 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acyldolichol.
47200 tetrahydrodipicolinate N-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate + acetyl-CoA + H(2)O = L-2-acetamido-6-oxopimelate + CoA.
47201 beta-glucogallin O-galloyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 1-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose = 1,6-bis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose + D-glucose.
47202 sinapoylglucose-choline O-sinapoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-O-sinapoyl-beta-D-glucose + choline = O-sinapoylcholine + D-glucose.
47203 13-hydroxylupinine O-tigloyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 13-hydroxylupanine + 2-methylcrotonoyl-CoA = 13-(2-methylcrotonoyloxy)lupanine + CoA.
47204 chlorogenate-glucarate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucarate + chlorogenate = (-)-quinate + 2-O-caffeoylglucarate.
47205 quinate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: feruloyl-CoA + quinate = O-feruloylquinate + CoA.
47206 UDP-N-acetylmuramoylpentapeptide-lysine N6-alanyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine + L-alanyl-tRNA = UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-N6-(L-alanyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine + tRNA.
47207 1,2-beta-fructan 1F-fructosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: [(1->2)-beta-D-fructosyl](n) + [(1->2)-beta-D-fructosyl](m) = [(1->2)-beta-D-fructosyl](n+1) + [(1->2)-beta-D-fructosyl](m-1).
47208 o-dihydroxycoumarin 7-O-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydroxycoumarin + UDP-D-glucose = daphnin + H(+) + UDP.
47209 coniferyl-alcohol glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: coniferyl alcohol + UDP-D-glucose = coniferin + UDP.
47211 alpha-1,4-glucan-protein synthase (ADP-forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ADP-D-glucose + protein = alpha-D-glucosyl-protein + ADP.
47212 2-coumarate O-beta-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: trans-2-coumarate + UDP-D-glucose = trans-beta-D-glucosyl-2-hydroxycinnamate + H(+) + UDP.
47213 anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: anthocyanidin + UDP-D-glucose = anthocyanidin-3-O-D-glucoside + UDP.
47214 cyanidin-3-rhamnosylglucoside 5-O-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin-3-O-D-rhamnosyl-(1,6)-D-glucoside + UDP-D-glucose = cyanidin-3-O-[D-rhamnosyl-(1,6)-D-glucoside]-5-O-D-glucoside + UDP.
47215 indole-3-acetate beta-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (indol-3-yl)acetate + UDP-D-glucose = 1-O-(indol-3-ylacetyl)-beta-D-glucose + UDP.
47216 inositol 3-alpha-galactosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol + UDP-galactose = O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1,3)-1D-myo-inositol + UDP.
47217 sucrose-1,6-alpha-glucan 3(6)-alpha-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose + 1,6-alpha-D-glucosyl(n) = 1,6-alpha-D-glucosyl(n+1) + fructose.
47218 hydroxycinnamate 4-beta-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-coumarate + UDP-D-glucose = 4-O-beta-D-glucosyl-4-hydroxycinnamate + UDP.
47219 monoterpenol beta-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-menthol + UDP-D-glucose = (-)-menthyl beta-D-glucoside + H(+) + UDP.
47220 galactosylxylosylprotein 3-beta-galactosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-beta-D-galactosyl-O-beta-D-xylosylprotein + UDP-galactose = 3-beta-D-galactosyl-4-beta-D-galactosyl-O-beta-D-xylosylprotein + UDP.
47221 sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 2-alpha-galactosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + UDP-D-galactose = 2-(alpha-D-galactosyl)-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + H(+) + UDP.
47222 mannotetraose 2-alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,3-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-D-mannose + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = 1,3-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,2-(N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-alpha-D-mannosyl)-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-D-mannose + UDP.
47223 beta-1,3-galactosyl-O-glycosyl-glycoprotein beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-galactosyl-1,3-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,6)-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,3-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,6)-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R + UDP.
47224 acetylgalactosaminyl-O-glycosyl-glycoprotein beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-galactosalaminyl-R + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R + UDP.
47225 acetylgalactosaminyl-O-glycosyl-glycoprotein beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,6-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R + UDP.
47227 indolylacetyl-myo-inositol galactosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1L-1-O-(indol-3-yl)acetyl-myo-inositol + UDP-D-galactose = 5-O-(indol-3-ylacetyl)-myo-inositol D-galactoside + H(+) + UDP.
47228 1,2-diacylglycerol 3-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacylglycerol + UDP-D-glucose = 3-D-glucosyl-1,2-diacylglycerol + UDP.
47229 13-hydroxydocosanoate 13-beta-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 13-hydroxydocosanoate + UDP-D-glucose = 13-beta-D-glucosyloxydocosanoate + UDP.
47230 flavonol-3-O-glucoside L-rhamnosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: flavonol 3-O-D-glucoside + UDP-L-rhamnose = flavonol 3-O-L-rhamnosylglucoside + UDP.
47231 pyridoxine 5'-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: pyridoxine + UDP-D-glucose = 5'-O-beta-D-glucosylpyridoxine + H(+) + UDP.
47232 galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminylgalactosylglucosyl-ceramide beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,6-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosyceramide + UDP.
47233 N-acetylneuraminylgalactosylglucosylceramide beta-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetylneuraminyl-2,3-alpha-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide + UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine = N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-1,4-(N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminyl-2,3)-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide + UDP.
47234 raffinose-raffinose alpha-galactotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 raffinose = sucrose + 1F-alpha-D-galactosylraffinose.
47235 sucrose 6F-alpha-galactotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose + UDP-galactose = 6F-alpha-D-galactosylsucrose + UDP.
47236 methyl-ONN-azoxymethanol beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: methylazoxymethanol + UDP-D-glucose = H+ + cycasin + UDP.
47237 glucuronylgalactosylproteoglycan 4-beta-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucuronyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosylproteoglycan + UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine = N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-1,4-beta-D-glucuronyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosylproteoglycan + UDP.
47238 glucuronosyl-N-acetylgalactosaminyl-proteoglycan 4-beta-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucuronyl-N-acetyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosaminylproteoglycan + UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine = N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-1,4-beta-D-glucuronyl-N-acetyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosaminylproteoglycan + UDP.
47239 hydroxymandelonitrile glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxymandelonitrile + UDP-D-glucose = H(+) + taxiphyllin + UDP.
47240 lactosylceramide beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-R + UDP-D-galactose = D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-R + H(+) + UDP.
47241 lipopolysaccharide N-acetylmannosaminouronosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: lipopolysaccharide + UDP-N-acetylmannosaminouronate = N-acetyl-beta-D-mannosaminouronosyl-1,4-lipopolysaccharide + UDP.
47242 hydroxyanthraquinone glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a hydroxyanthraquinone + UDP-D-glucose = a glucosyloxyanthraquinone + UDP.
47243 flavanone 7-O-beta-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a flavanone + UDP-D-glucose = a flavanone 7-O-beta-D-glucoside + UDP.
47244 N-acetylglucosaminyldiphosphoundecaprenol N-acetyl-beta-D-mannosaminyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyldiphosphoundecaprenol + UDP-N-acetyl-D-mannosamine = N-acetyl-beta-D-mannosaminyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyldiphosphoundecaprenol + UDP.
47245 N-acetylglucosaminyldiphosphoundecaprenol glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyldiphosphoundecaprenol + UDP-D-glucose = beta-D-glucosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyldiphosphoundecaprenol + UDP.
47246 luteolin-7-O-glucuronide 7-O-glucuronosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucosiduronate + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = H(+) + luteolin 7-O-[(beta-D-glucosiduronate)-(1->2)-(beta-D-glucosiduronate)] + UDP.
47247 luteolin-7-O-diglucuronide 4'-O-glucuronosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: luteolin 7-O-[(beta-D-glucosiduronate)-(1->2)-(beta-D-glucosiduronate)] + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = H(+) + luteolin 7-O-[(beta-D-glucosiduronate)-(1->2)-(beta-D-glucosiduronate)] 4'-O-beta-D-glucosiduronate + UDP.
47248 nuatigenin 3-beta-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: nuatigenin + UDP-D-glucose = H(+) + nuatigenin 3-beta-D-glucopyranoside + UDP.
47249 sarsapogenin 3-beta-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (25S)-5beta-spirostan-3beta-ol + UDP-D-glucose = (25S)-5beta-spirostan-3beta-yl beta-D-glucoside + H(+) + UDP.
47250 4-hydroxybenzoate 4-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybenzoate + UDP-D-glucose = 4-(beta-D-glucosyloxy)benzoate + H(+) + UDP.
47251 thiohydroximate beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phenylthioacetohydroximate + UDP-D-glucose = desulfoglucotropeolin + UDP.
47252 beta-mannosylphosphodecaprenol-mannooligosaccharide 6-mannosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (1->6)-alpha-D-mannosyloligosaccharide + beta-D-mannosylphosphodecaprenol = (1->6)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-mannosyl-oligosaccharide + decaprenol phosphate.
47253 alpha-1,6-mannosylglycoprotein 4-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,6-beta-D-(N-acetyl-B-glucosaminyl-1,2)-beta-D-mannosyl-R + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,6-beta-D-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-beta)-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,4-beta)-D-mannosyl-R + UDP.
47254 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one 2-D-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one + UDP-D-glucose = 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one 2-D-glucoside + UDP.
47255 galactogen 6-beta-galactosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: galactogen + UDP-galactose = 1,6-beta-D-galctosylgalactogen + UDP.
47256 lactosylceramide 1,3-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cytolipin-H + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide + UDP.
47257 diglucosyl diacylglycerol synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacyl-3-O-(alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol + UDP-D-glucose = UDP + 1,2-diacyl-3-O-(alpha-D-glucopyranosyl(1,2)-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol.
47258 sphingosine beta-galactosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: sphingosine + UDP-D-galactose = H(+) + psychosine + UDP.
47259 glucomannan 4-beta-mannosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glucomannan(n) + GDP-mannose = glucomannan(n+1) + GDP.
47260 alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (GDP-forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-D-glucose + glucose-6-phosphate = alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-phosphate + GDP.
47261 steroid N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: estradiol-17alpha 3-D-glucuronoside + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = 17alpha-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-estradiol 3-D-glucuronoside + H(+) + UDP.
47262 polygalacturonate 4-alpha-galacturonosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-galacturonate + 1,4-alpha-D-galacturonosyl(n) = 1,4-alpha-D-galacturonosyl(n+1) + UDP.
47263 N-acylsphingosine galactosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ceramide + UDP-galactose = D-galactosylceramide + UDP.
47264 heteroglycan alpha-mannosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: heteroglycan + GDP-mannose = alpha-D-mannosylheteroglycan + GDP.
47265 poly(glycerol-phosphate) alpha-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: poly(glycerol phosphate) + UDP-D-glucose = alpha-D-glucosylpoly(glycerol phosphate) + UDP.
47266 poly(ribitol-phosphate) beta-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: poly(ribitol phosphate) + UDP-D-glucose = beta-D-glucosylpoly(ribitol phosphate) + UDP.
47267 undecaprenyl-phosphate mannosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-mannose + undecaprenyl phosphate = GDP + D-mannosyl-1-phosphoundecaprenol.
47268 galactinol-raffinose galactosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: raffinose + 1-alpha-D-galactosyl-myo-inositol = stachyose + myo-inositol.
47269 poly(ribitol-phosphate) N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: poly(ribitol phosphate) + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-poly(ribitol phosphate) + UDP.
47270 lipopolysaccharide glucosyltransferase II activity F Catalysis of the reaction: lipopolysaccharide + UDP-D-glucose = D-glucosyl-lipopolysaccharide + UDP.
47271 glycosaminoglycan galactosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glycosaminoglycan + UDP-galactose = D-galactosylglycosaminoglycan + UDP.
47272 phosphopolyprenol glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: polyprenyl phosphate + UDP-D-glucose = polyprenylphosphate-glucose + UDP.
47273 galactosylgalactosylglucosylceramide beta-D-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosylceramide = UDP + beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(1->3)-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosylceramide.
47274 galactinol-sucrose galactosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose + 1-alpha-D-galactosyl-myo-inositol = raffinose + myo-inositol.
47275 glucosaminylgalactosylglucosylceramide beta-galactosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-(1,3)-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-D-glucosylceramide + UDP-galactose = D-galactosyl-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-(1,3)-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-D-glucosylceramide + UDP.
47276 N-acetyllactosaminide 3-alpha-galactosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R + UDP-galactose = alpha-D-galactosyl-(1,3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R + UDP.
47277 globoside alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(1,3)-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-D-glucosylceramide + UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine = N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(1,3)-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-D-glucosylceramide + UDP.
47278 bilirubin-glucuronoside glucuronosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 bilirubin-glucuronoside = bilirubin + bilirubin-bisglucuronoside.
47279 sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-galactosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + UDP-D-galactose = 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + H(+) + UDP.
47280 nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: diphosphate + nicotinamide mononucleotide = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + H(+) + nicotinamide.
47281 dioxotetrahydropyrimidine phosphoribosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: pyrophosphate + a 2,4-dioxotetrahydropyrimidine D-ribonucleotide = PRPP + a 2,4-dioxotetrahydropyrimidine.
47282 dTDP-dihydrostreptose-streptidine-6-phosphate dihydrostreptosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-L-dihydrostreptose + streptidine 6-phosphate = O-(1->4)-alpha-L-dihydrostreptosyl-streptidine 6-phosphate + dTDP + H(+).
47283 dolichyl-phosphate D-xylosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dolichol-phosphate + UDP-D-xylose = dolichyl D-xylosyl phosphate + UDP.
47284 dolichyl-xylosyl-phosphate-protein xylosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dolichyl D-xylosyl phosphate + protein = dolichol-phosphate + D-xylosylprotein.
47285 flavonol-3-O-glycoside xylosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: flavonol 3-O-glycoside + UDP-D-xylose = flavonol 3-O-D-xylosylglycoside + UDP.
47286 NAD+-diphthamide ADP-ribosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: peptide diphthamide + NAD+ = peptide N-(ADP-D-ribosyl)diphthamide + niacinamide.
47287 lactosylceramide alpha-2,6-N-sialyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cytolipin-H + CMP-N-acetylneuraminate = alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-2,6-beta-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide + CMP.
47288 monosialoganglioside sialyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactosyl-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide + CMP-N-acetylneuraminate = N-acetylneuraminyl-D-galactosyl-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide + CMP.
47289 galactosyldiacylglycerol alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacyl-3-beta-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = 1,2-diacyl-3-[3-(alpha-D-N-acetylneuraminyl)-beta-D-galactosyl]-sn-glycerol + CMP + H(+).
47290 (alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-2,3-beta-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetyl-galactosaminide 6-alpha-sialyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminyl-(2->6)]-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R + CMP.
47291 lactosylceramide alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cytolipin-H + CMP-N-acetylneuraminate = alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-2,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide + CMP. Alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-2,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide is also known as GM3.
47292 trihydroxypterocarpan dimethylallyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (6AS,11AS)-3,6A,9-trihydroxypterocarpan + dimethylallyl-pyrophosphate = glyceollin + diphosphate.
47293 4-hydroxybenzoate nonaprenyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: p-hydroxybenzoate + solanesyl pyrophosphate = nonaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate + diphosphate.
47294 phosphoglycerol geranylgeranyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + all-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate = sn-3-O-(geranylgeranyl)glycerol 1-phosphate + diphosphate.
47295 geranylgeranylglycerol-phosphate geranylgeranyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: sn-3-O-(geranylgeranyl)glycerol 1-phosphate + all-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate = 2,3-di-O-(geranylgeranyl)glycerol 1-phosphate + diphosphate.
47296 homospermidine synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 putrescine = NH3 + sym-homospermidine.
47297 asparagine-oxo-acid transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a 2-oxo acid + L-asparagine = an amino acid + 2-oxosuccinamate.
47298 (S)-3-amino-2-methylpropionate transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate + 2-oxoglutarate = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + L-glutamate.
47299 tryptophan-phenylpyruvate transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: keto-phenylpyruvate + L-tryptophan = 3-(indol-3-yl)pyruvate + L-phenylalanine.
47300 pyridoxamine-pyruvate transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: pyridoxamine + pyruvate = L-alanine + pyridoxal.
47301 valine-3-methyl-2-oxovalerate transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-valine = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + L-isoleucine.
47302 UDP-2-acetamido-4-amino-2,4,6-trideoxyglucose transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + UDP-2-acetamido-4-amino-2,4,6-trideoxy-D-glucose = L-glutamate + UDP-2-acetamido-4-dehydro-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-glucose.
47303 glycine-oxaloacetate transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glycine + oxaloacetate = L-aspartate + glyoxylate.
47304 2-aminoethylphosphonate-pyruvate transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (2-aminoethyl)phosphonate + pyruvate = L-alanine + phosphonoacetaldehyde.
47305 (R)-3-amino-2-methylpropionate-pyruvate transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (2R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate + pyruvate = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine.
47306 D-methionine-pyruvate transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-methionine + pyruvate = 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine.
47307 diaminobutyrate-pyruvate transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-2,4-diaminobutyrate + pyruvate = L-alanine + L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde.
47308 alanine-oxomalonate transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanine + oxomalonate = aminomalonate + pyruvate.
47309 dihydroxyphenylalanine transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-dopa = 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpyruvate + L-glutamate.
47310 glutamine-scyllo-inositol transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,6/3,5-pentahydroxycyclohexanone + L-glutamine = 1-amino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol + 2-oxoglutaramate.
47311 1D-1-guanidino-3-amino-1,3-dideoxy-scyllo-inositol transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-1-guanidino-3-amino-1,3-dideoxy-scyllo-inositol + pyruvate = 1D-1-guanidino-1-deoxy-3-dehydro-scyllo-inositol + L-alanine.
47312 L-phenylalanine:pyruvate aminotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + L-phenylalanine = phenylpyruvate + L-alanine.
47313 aromatic-amino-acid-glyoxylate transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glyoxylate + an aromatic amino acid = L-glycine + an aromatic oxo acid.
47315 kynurenine-glyoxylate transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = 4-(2-aminophenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoate + glycine.
47316 glutamine-phenylpyruvate transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: keto-phenylpyruvate + L-glutamine = 2-oxoglutaramate + L-phenylalanine.
47317 N6-acetyl-beta-lysine transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + 3-amino-6-acetamidohexanoate = L-glutamate + 3-oxo-6-acetamidohexanoate.
47319 aspartate-phenylpyruvate transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: keto-phenylpyruvate + L-aspartate = L-phenylalanine + oxaloacetate.
47320 D-4-hydroxyphenylglycine transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + D-4-hydroxyphenylglycine = 4-hydroxyphenylglyoxylate + L-glutamate.
47321 diphosphate-protein phosphotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: microsomal-membrane protein + diphosphate = diphosphate + O-phospho-microsomal-membrane protein.
47322 [hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: [3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] + ATP = [3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] phosphate + ADP.
47323 [3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) = ADP + 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) phosphate.
47324 phosphoenolpyruvate-glycerone phosphotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glycerone + phosphoenolpyruvate = glycerone phosphate + pyruvate.
47325 inositol tetrakisphosphate 1-kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 3,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + ADP.
47326 inositol tetrakisphosphate 5-kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + ADP.
47327 glycerol-3-phosphate-glucose phosphotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + D-glucose = D-glucose 6-phosphate + glycerol.
47328 acyl-phosphate-hexose phosphotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-hexose + acyl phosphate = D-hexose phosphate + an acid.
47329 phosphoramidate-hexose phosphotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: hexose + phosphoramidate = hexose 1-phosphate + NH3.
47330 polyphosphate-glucose phosphotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-glucose + long chain polyphosphate = glucose-6-phosphate + long chain polyphosphate.
47331 diphosphate-glycerol phosphotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glycerol + diphosphate = glycerol 1-phosphate + H(+) + phosphate.
47332 diphosphate-serine phosphotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + diphosphate = O-phospho-L-serine + H(+) + phosphate.
47333 dihydrostreptomycin-6-phosphate 3'-alpha-kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + dihydrostreptomycin 6-phosphate = ADP + dihydrostreptomycin 3'alpha,6-bisphosphate + 2 H(+).
47334 diphosphate-fructose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: fructose-6-phosphate + diphosphate = phosphate + fructose-1,6-bisphosphate.
47335 3-phosphoglyceroyl-phosphate-polyphosphate phosphotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: long-chain-polyphosphate + 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate = long-chain-polyphosphate + 3-phosphoglycerate.
47336 5-methyldeoxycytidine-5'-phosphate kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxy-5-methyl-5'-cytidylate + ATP = 5-methyldeoxycytidine diphosphate + ADP + H(+).
47337 dolichyl-diphosphate-polyphosphate phosphotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dolichyl diphosphate + long-chain-polyphosphate = dolichol-phosphate + long-chain-polyphosphate.
47338 UTP:xylose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-xylose 1-phosphate + UTP = UDP-D-xylose + diphosphate.
47339 nucleoside-triphosphate-hexose-1-phosphate nucleotidyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: hexose 1-phosphate + nucleoside triphosphate = NDP-hexose + diphosphate.
47341 fucose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: beta-L-fucose 1-phosphate + GTP = diphosphate + GDP-L-fucose.
47342 galactose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate + dTTP = diphosphate + dTDP-D-galactose.
47343 glucose-1-phosphate cytidylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + CTP = CDP-D-glucose + diphosphate.
47344 glucose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + GTP = diphosphate + GDP-D-glucose.
47345 ribose-5-phosphate adenylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 5-phosphate + ADP + H(+) = ADP-ribose + phosphate.
47346 aldose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: aldose 1-phosphate + ADP = phosphate + ADP-aldose.
47347 aldose-1-phosphate nucleotidyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: aldose 1-phosphate + NDP = phosphate + NDP-aldose.
47348 glycerol-3-phosphate cytidylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + CTP = CDP-glycerol + diphosphate.
47349 D-ribitol-5-phosphate cytidylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribitol 5-phosphate + CTP = CDP-ribitol + diphosphate.
47350 glucuronate-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phospho-alpha-D-glucuronate + UTP = diphosphate + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate.
47351 guanosine-triphosphate guanylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 GTP = P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-guanosyl) tetraphosphate + diphosphate + H(+).
47352 adenylylsulfate-ammonia adenylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5'-adenylyl sulfate + NH(4)(+) = adenosine 5'-phosphoramidate + 2 H(+) + sulfate.
47353 N-methylphosphoethanolamine cytidylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-methylethanolamine phosphate + CTP = CDP-N-methylethanolamine + diphosphate.
47354 sphingosine cholinephosphotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-choline + sphingosine = CMP + H(+) + sphingosyl-phosphocholine.
47355 CDP-glycerol glycerophosphotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glycerophosphate(n) + CDP-glycerol = glycerophosphate(n+1) + CMP.
47356 CDP-ribitol ribitolphosphotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ribitol phosphate(n) + CDP-ribitol = ribitol phosphate(n+1) + CMP.
47357 UDP-galactose-UDP-N-acetylglucosamine galactose phosphotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + UDP-D-galactose = H(+) + UDP-N-acetyl-6-(D-galactose-1-phospho)-D-glucosamine + UMP.
47358 UDP-glucose-glycoprotein glucose phosphotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glycoprotein D-mannose + UDP-D-glucose = glycoprotein 6-(D-glucose-1-phospho)-D-mannose + UMP.
47359 1-alkenyl-2-acylglycerol choline phosphotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-alkenyl-2-acylglycerol + CDP-choline = plasmenylcholine + CMP.
47360 undecaprenyl-phosphate galactose phosphotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-undecaprenyl phosphate + UDP-D-galactose = alpha-D-galactosyl-diphosphoundecaprenol + UMP.
47361 phosphomannan mannosephosphotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phosphomannan(n) + GDP-mannose = phosphomannan(n+1) + GMP.
47362 thiosulfate-dithiol sulfurtransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dithioerythritol + thiosulfate = hydrogen sulfide + dithioerythritol disulfide + sulfite.
47363 triglucosylalkylacylglycerol sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucosyl-1,6-alpha-D-glucosyl-1,6-alpha-D-glucosyl-1,3-1-O-alkyl-2-O-acylglycerol + 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate = 6-sulfo-alpha-D-glucosyl-1,6-alpha-D-glucosyl-1,6-alpha-D-glucosyl-1,3-1-O-alkyl-2-O-acylglycerol + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate.
47364 desulfoglucosinolate sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + desulfoglucotropeolin = adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + glucotropeolin + H(+).
47365 quercetin-3-sulfate 3'-sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + quercetin 3-sulfate = adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H(+) + quercetin 3,3'-disulfate.
47366 quercetin-3-sulfate 4'-sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + quercetin 3-sulfate = adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H(+) + quercetin 3,4'-disulfate.
47367 quercetin-3,3'-bissulfate 7-sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin 3,3'-bissulfate + 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate = quercetin 3,3',7-trissulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate.
47368 UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfate sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate = adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H(+) + UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4,6-disulfate.
47369 succinate-hydroxymethylglutarate CoA-transferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate + succinyl-CoA = 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA + succinate.
47370 succinate-citramalate CoA-transferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-citramalate + succinyl-CoA = citramalyl-CoA + succinate.
47371 butyrate-acetoacetate CoA-transferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetoacetate + butanoyl-CoA = acetoacetyl-CoA + butanoate.
47372 acylglycerol lipase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + acylglycerol = a fatty acid + glycerol.
47373 acetoxybutynylbithiophene deacetylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-(4-acetoxybut-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene + H(2)O = 5-(4-hydroxy-but-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene + acetate + H(+).
47374 methylumbelliferyl-acetate deacetylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methylumbelliferyl acetate + H(2)O = 4-methylumbelliferone + acetate + H(+).
47375 N-acetylgalactosaminoglycan deacetylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminoglycan = acetate + D-galactosaminoglycan.
47376 all-trans-retinyl-palmitate hydrolase, all-trans-retinol forming activity F Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-retinyl palmitate + H2O = all-trans-retinol + H+ + palmitate.
47377 5-(3,4-diacetoxybut-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene deacetylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-(3,4-diacetoxybut-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene + H(2)O = 5-(3-hydroxy-4-acetoxybut-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene + acetate + H(+).
47378 acetylalkylglycerol acetylhydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycerol + H(2)O = 1-alkyl-sn-glycerol + acetate + H(+).
47379 ADP-dependent short-chain-acyl-CoA hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a short-chain acyl-CoA = a short-chain carboxylate + CoA.
47380 ADP-dependent medium-chain-acyl-CoA hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a medium-chain acyl-CoA = a medium-chain carboxylate + CoA. Requires ADP.
47381 dodecanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + dodecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = dodecanoate + [acyl-carrier protein].
47382 methylphosphothioglycerate phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-methyl-3-phospho-1-thio-D-glycerate + H(2)O = S-methyl-1-thio-D-glycerate + phosphate.
47383 guanidinodeoxy-scyllo-inositol-4-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-guanidino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol 4-phosphate + H(2)O = 1-guanidino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol + phosphate.
47384 [hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)]-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + [hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] phosphate = phosphate + [hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)].
47385 [3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)]-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + [3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)] phosphate = phosphate + [3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)].
47386 fructose-2,6-bisphosphate 6-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-fructose 2,6-bisphosphate + H(2)O = beta-D-fructofuranose 2-phosphate + phosphate.
47387 serine-ethanolaminephosphate phosphodiesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + serine phosphoethanolamine = H(+) + phosphoethanolamine + serine.
47388 adenylyl-[glutamate-ammonia ligase] hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: adenylyl-[L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming)] + H2O = AMP + [L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming)].
47389 glycerophosphocholine phosphodiesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + L-1-glycero-3-phosphocholine = glycerol-3-phosphate + choline.
47390 glycerophosphocholine cholinephosphodiesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H(2)O = choline phosphate + glycerol + H(+).
47391 alkylglycerophosphoethanolamine phosphodiesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine = ethanolamine + 1-alkyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate.
47392 CMP-N-acylneuraminate phosphodiesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + CMP-N-acylneuraminate = N-acylneuraminate + CMP.
47393 glycerol-1,2-cyclic-phosphate 2-phosphodiesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glycerol 1,2-cyclic phosphate + H(2)O = glycerol 1-phosphate + H(+).
47394 glycerophosphoinositol inositolphosphodiesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 1-(sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myoinositol = 1D-myo-inositol 1-phosphate + glycerol.
47395 glycerophosphoinositol glycerophosphodiesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol + H(2)O = sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + myo-inositol + H(+).
47396 glycosylphosphatidylinositol diacylglycerol-lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 6-(alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol = 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + 6-(alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1D-myo-inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate.
47397 dolichylphosphate-glucose phosphodiesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dolichyl beta-D-glucosyl phosphate + H2O = dolichol-phosphate + beta-D-glucose.
47398 dolichylphosphate-mannose phosphodiesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dolichyl beta-D-mannosyl phosphate + H2O = dolichol-phosphate + mannose.
47399 glucose-1-phospho-D-mannosylglycoprotein phosphodiesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 6-(D-glucose-1-phospho)-D-mannosylglycoprotein = D-mannosylglycoprotein + D-glucose-alpha-1-phosphate.
47400 phosphonoacetate hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + phosphonoacetate = acetate + H(+) + phosphate.
47401 trithionate hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + trithionate = H(+) + sulfate + thiosulfate.
47402 protein-glucosylgalactosylhydroxylysine glucosidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + protein alpha-D-glucosyl-1,2-beta-D-galactosyl-L-hydroxylysine = protein beta-D-galactosyl-L-hydroxylysine + beta-D-glucose.
47403 lacto-N-biosidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + beta-D-Gal-(1,3)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1,3)-beta-D-Gal-(1,4)-D-Glc = beta-D-Gal-(1,4)-D-Glc + beta-D-Gal-(1,3)-D-GlcNAc.
47404 glucuronosyl-disulfoglucosamine glucuronidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 3-D-glucuronosyl-N2-,6-disulfo-beta-D-glucosamine = glucuronate + N2,6-disulfo-D-glucosamine.
47405 pyrimidine-5'-nucleotide nucleosidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a pyrimidine 5'-nucleotide = ribose-5-phosphate + a pyrimidine.
47406 beta-aspartyl-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N(4)-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagine + H(2)O = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + L-asparagine.
47407 ADP-ribosyl-[dinitrogen reductase] hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ADP-ribosyl-[dinitrogen reductase] = adenosine diphosphate ribose + [dinitrogen reductase].
47408 alkenylglycerophosphocholine hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 1-(1-alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = L-1-glycero-3-phosphocholine + an aldehyde.
47409 alkenylglycerophosphoethanolamine hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 1-(1-alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine = sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + an aldehyde.
47410 N-formylmethionylaminoacyl-tRNA deformylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + charged-fMet-tRNAs = L-methionylaminoacyl-tRNA + formate.
47411 2-(acetamidomethylene)succinate hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H2O + 2-(acetamidomethylene)succinate = CO2 + NH3 + succinate semialdehyde + acetate.
47412 N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine deacylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine = ethanolamine + a fatty acid.
47413 N(alpha)-benzyloxycarbonylleucine hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucine + H(2)O + H(+) = L-leucine + benzyl alcohol + CO(2).
47414 2-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(acetamidomethylene)succinate hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (2Z)-2-(acetamidomethylene)-3-(hydroxymethyl)succinate + 2 H(2)O + H(+) = 2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-oxobutanoate + acetate + CO(2) + NH(4)(+).
47415 D-benzoylarginine-4-nitroanilide amidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-benzoyl-D-arginine-4-nitroanilide + H(2)O = 4-nitroaniline + N(2)-benzoyl-D-arginine + H(+).
47416 arylalkyl acylamidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N-acetylarylalkylamine = acetate + arylalkylamine.
47417 N-carbamoyl-D-amino acid hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N-carbamoyl-D-amino acid = CO2 + NH3 + D-amino acid.
47418 phthalyl amidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a phthalylamide = phthalate + substituted amine.
47419 N-acetylgalactosamine-6-phosphate deacetylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-phosphate = acetate + D-galactosamine 6-phosphate.
47420 N-acyl-D-amino-acid deacylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N-acyl-D-amino acid = D-amino acid + an acid.
47421 N-acyl-D-glutamate deacylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-acyl-D-glutamate + H(2)O = D-glutamate + a carboxylate.
47422 N-acyl-D-aspartate deacylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-acyl-D-aspartate + H(2)O = D-aspartate + a carboxylate.
47423 N-methylhydantoinase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-methylhydantoin + ATP + 2 H(2)O = N-carbamoylsarcosine + ADP + 3 H(+) + phosphate.
47424 methylenediurea deaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H2O + methylenediurea = CO2 + 2 NH3 + N-hydroxymethylurea.
47425 1-pyrroline-4-hydroxy-2-carboxylate deaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate + H(2)O + H(+) = 2,5-dioxopentanoate + NH(4)(+).
47426 ricinine nitrilase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + ricinine = NH3 + 3-carboxy-4-methoxy-N-methyl-2-pyridone.
47427 cyanoalanine nitrilase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-cyano-L-alanine + 2 H(2)O + H(+) = L-aspartate + NH(4)(+).
47428 arylacetonitrilase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H2O + 4-chlorophenylacetonitrile = 4-chlorophenylacetate + NH3.
47429 nucleoside-triphosphate diphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a nucleoside triphosphate = diphosphate + a nucleotide.
47430 oligosaccharide-diphosphodolichol diphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + oligosaccharide-diphosphodolichol = dolichol-phosphate + oligosaccharide phosphate.
47431 3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridine-4,5-dicarboxylate 4-decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxy-6-methylpyridine-3,4-dicarboxylate + H(+) = 5-hydroxy-6-methylpyridine-3-carboxylate + CO(2).
47432 2,2-dialkylglycine decarboxylase (pyruvate) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,2-dialkylglycine + H(+) + pyruvate = L-alanine + CO(2) + dialkyl ketone.
47433 branched-chain-2-oxoacid decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + H(+) = 2-methylbutanal + CO(2).
47434 indolepyruvate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: indolepyruvate = CO2 + indole acetaldehyde.
47435 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate + H(+) = 4-guanidinobutanal + CO(2).
47436 arylmalonate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-aryl-2-methylmalonate + H(+) = 2-arylpropionate + CO(2).
47437 4-oxalocrotonate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-oxalocrotonate = CO2 + 2-oxopent-4-enoate.
47438 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-pentonate aldolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-pentonate = glycolaldehyde + pyruvate.
47439 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate aldolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate = D-arabinose + pyruvate.
47440 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-pentonate aldolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-arabinonate = glycolaldehyde + pyruvate.
47441 5-dehydro-2-deoxyphosphogluconate aldolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 6-phospho-5-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate = 3-oxopropanoate + glycerone phosphate.
47442 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone aldolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone = acetaldehyde + 4-androstene-3,17-dione.
47443 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxoglutarate aldolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxoglutarate = 2 pyruvate.
47444 N-acylneuraminate-9-phosphate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + phosphoenolpyruvate + N-acyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate = phosphate + N-acylneuraminate 9-phosphate.
47445 3-hydroxy-3-isohexenylglutaryl-CoA lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-3-(4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)glutaryl-CoA + 4 H(+) = 7-methyl-3-oxooct-6-enoyl-CoA + acetate.
47446 (1-hydroxycyclohexan-1-yl)acetyl-CoA lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (1-hydroxycyclohexan-1-yl)acetyl-CoA = acetyl-CoA + cyclohexanone.
47447 erythro-3-hydroxyaspartate ammonia-lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: erythro-3-hydroxy-L-aspartate = NH3 + oxaloacetic acid.
47448 5-dehydro-4-deoxyglucarate dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate + H(+) = 2,5-dioxopentanoate + CO(2) + H(2)O.
47449 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-arabinonate dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-arabinonate = 2,5-dioxopentanoate + H(2)O.
47450 crotonoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = H2O + but-2-enoyl-[acyl-carrier protein].
47451 3-hydroxyoctanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = H2O + 2-octenoyl-[acyl-carrier protein].
47452 protoaphin-aglucone dehydratase (cyclizing) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: protoaphin aglucone = H(2)O + xanthoaphin.
47453 ATP-dependent NAD(P)H-hydrate dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (6S)-6beta-hydroxy-1,4,5,6-tetrahydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide + ATP = ADP + 3 H(+) + NADH + phosphate.
47454 phaseollidin hydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phaseollidin hydrate = H(2)O + phaseollidin.
47455 16-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 16-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone = H2O + 16-dehydroprogesterone.
47456 2-methylisocitrate dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (2S,3R)-3-hydroxybutane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate = cis-2-methylaconitate + H(2)O.
47457 exo-(1,4)-alpha-D-glucan lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: linear alpha-D-glucan = 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose + beta-D-glucose.
47458 beta-pyrazolylalanine synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: O-acetyl-L-serine + pyrazole = 3-(pyrazol-1-yl)-L-alanine + acetate + H(+).
47459 3-aminobutyryl-CoA ammonia-lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-aminobutanoyl-CoA = crotonoyl-CoA + NH(4)(+).
47460 L-2-amino-4-chloropent-4-enoate dehydrochlorinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-2-amino-4-chloropent-4-enoate + H(2)O = 2-oxopent-4-enoate + chloride + H(+) + NH(4)(+).
47461 (+)-delta-cadinene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = diphosphate + (+)-delta-cadinene.
47462 phenylalanine racemase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine + ATP + H(2)O = D-phenylalanine + AMP + diphosphate + 2 H(+).
47463 2-aminohexano-6-lactam racemase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-2-aminohexano-6-lactam = D-2-aminohexano-6-lactam.
47464 heparosan-N-sulfate-glucuronate 5-epimerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: heparosan-N-sulfate D-glucuronate = heparosan-N-sulfate L-iduronate.
47465 N-acylglucosamine-6-phosphate 2-epimerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-acyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate = N-acyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate.
47466 2-chloro-4-carboxymethylenebut-2-en-1,4-olide isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cis-2-chloro-4-carboxymethylenebut-2-en-1,4-olide = trans-2-chloro-4-carboxymethylenebut-2-en-1,4-olide.
47467 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde-oxime isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (E)-4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde oxime = (Z)-4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde oxime.
47468 phosphoglucomutase (glucose-cofactor) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glucose-1-phosphate = glucose-6-phosphate; using D-glucose as a cofactor.
47469 4-carboxymethyl-4-methylbutenolide mutase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-carboxymethyl-4-methylbut-2-en-1,4-olide = 4-carboxymethyl-3-methylbut-2-en-1,4-olide.
47470 (1,4)-alpha-D-glucan 1-alpha-D-glucosylmutase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl](n-1)-D-glucose = 1-alpha-D-[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl](n-1)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside.
47471 maltose alpha-D-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: maltose = trehalose.
47472 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate cycloisomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(carboxymethyl)-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-2-furoate = 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate + H(+).
47473 D-alanine-poly(phosphoribitol) ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: poly(ribitol phosphate) + D-alanine + ATP = O-D-alanyl-poly(ribitol phosphate) + diphosphate + AMP.
47474 long-chain fatty acid luciferin component ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: protein + an acid + ATP = an acyl-protein thiolester + diphosphate + AMP. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.
47475 phenylacetate-CoA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + CoA + phenylacetate = AMP + diphosphate + H(+) + phenylacetyl-CoA.
47476 3-alpha,7-alpha-dihydroxy-5-beta-cholestanate-CoA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: CoA + 3-alpha,7-alpha-dihydroxy-5-beta-cholestanate + ATP = 3-alpha,7-alpha-dihydroxy-5-beta-cholestanoyl-CoA + diphosphate + AMP.
47478 aspartate-ammonia ligase (ADP-forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + ATP + NH(4)(+) = L-asparagine + ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphate.
47479 trypanothione synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: reduced glutathione + glutathionylspermidine + ATP = trypanothione + ADP + phosphate.
47480 UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-tripeptide-D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysine + ATP + D-alanyl-D-alanine = phosphate + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine + ADP.
47481 D-alanine-alanyl-poly(glycerolphosphate) ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alanyl-poly(glycerolphosphate) + D-alanine + ATP = D-alanyl-alanyl-poly(glycerolphosphate) + phosphate + ADP.
47482 UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate-L-lysine ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + ATP + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate = ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphate + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysine.
47483 imidazoleacetate-phosphoribosyldiphosphate ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + ATP + H(2)O + imidazol-4-ylacetate = 1-(5-phosphoribosyl)imidazol-4-ylacetate + ADP + diphosphate + 2 H(+) + phosphate.
47484 regulation of response to osmotic stress P Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the response to osmotic stress.
47485 protein N-terminus binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein N-terminus, the end of any peptide chain at which the 2-amino (or 2-imino) function of a constituent amino acid is not attached in peptide linkage to another amino-acid residue.
47486 chondroitin ABC lyase activity F Catalysis of the eliminative degradation of polysaccharides containing 1,4-beta-D-hexosaminyl and 1,3-beta-D-glucuronosyl or 1,3-alpha-L-iduronosyl linkages to disaccharides containing 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups.
47487 oligogalacturonide lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(4-deoxy-alpha-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl)-D-galacturonate = 2 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucuronate.
47488 heparin lyase activity F Catalysis of the eliminative cleavage of polysaccharides containing 1,4-linked D-glucuronate or L-iduronate residues and 1,4-alpha-linked 2-sulfoamino-2-deoxy-6-sulfo-D-glucose residues to give oligosaccharides with terminal 4-deoxy-alpha-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups at their nonreducing ends.
47489 pectate disaccharide-lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a pectate = a pectate + 4-(4-deoxy-alpha-D-galact-4-enuronosyl)-D-galacturonate. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of 4-(4-deoxy-alpha-D-galact-4-enuronosyl)-D-galacturonate from the reducing end of pectate, i.e. de-esterified pectin.
47490 pectin lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a pectin = an oligosaccharide with 4-deoxy-6-O-methyl-alpha-D-galact-4-enuronate end + a pectin. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of (1->4)-alpha-D-galacturonan methyl ester to give oligosaccharides with 4-deoxy-6-O-methyl-alpha-D-galact-4-enuronosyl groups at their nonreducing ends.
47491 poly(alpha-L-guluronate) lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: polysaccharides containing a terminal alpha-L-guluronate group = oligosaccharides with 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl end. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of polysaccharides containing a terminal a-L-guluronate group, to give oligopolysaccharides with 4-deoxy-a-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl groups at their nonreducing ends.
47492 xanthan lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: xanthan = oligosaccharide with 4-deoxy-alpha-L-threo-hex-4-enuronosyl end + pyruvylate mannose. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of the terminal beta-D-mannosyl-beta-D-1,4-glucuronosyl linkage of the side-chain of the polysaccharide xanthan, leaving a 4-deoxy-alpha-L-threo-hex-4-enuronosyl group at the terminus of the side-chain.
47493 ceramide cholinephosphotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-choline + ceramide = CMP + H(+) + sphingomyelin.
47494 serine-phosphoethanolamine synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + CDP-ethanolamine = L-serine-phosphoethanolamine + CMP + H(+).
47495 membrane-oligosaccharide glycerophosphotransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a glycerophospho group from one membrane-derived oligosaccharide to another.
47496 vesicle transport along microtubule P The directed movement of a vesicle along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of a vesicle to a microtubule, and ends when the vesicle reaches its final destination.
47497 mitochondrion transport along microtubule P The directed movement of a mitochondrion along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins.
47498 calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylcholine + H2O = 1-acylglycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate. This reaction requires Ca2+.
47499 calcium-independent phospholipase A2 activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylcholine + H2O = 1-acylglycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate. This reaction does not require Ca2+.
47500 (+)-borneol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-borneol + NAD(+) = (1R, 4R)-camphor + H(+) + NADH.
47501 (+)-neomenthol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-neomenthol + NADP(+) = (2S,5R)-menthone + H(+) + NADPH.
47502 (+)-sabinol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-cis-sabinol + NAD(+) = (1S,5S)-sabinone + H(+) + NADH.
47503 (-)-borneol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-borneol + NAD(+) = (1S,4S)-camphor + H(+) + NADH.
47504 (-)-menthol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-menthol + NADP(+) = (2S,5R)-menthone + H(+) + NADPH.
47505 (-)-menthol monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-menthol + H(+) + NADPH + O(2) = 1,4-menthane-3,8-diol + H(2)O + NADP(+).
47506 (deoxy)adenylate kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + dAMP = ADP + dADP.
47507 (deoxy)nucleoside-phosphate kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + deoxynucleoside phosphate = ADP + deoxynucleoside diphosphate.
47508 (R)-2-methylmalate dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-citramalate = 2-methylmaleate + H(2)O.
47509 (R)-dehydropantoate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-4-dehydropantoate + H(2)O + NAD(+) = (R)-3,3-dimethylmalate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
47510 (S)-2-methylmalate dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-citramalate = H(2)O + mesaconate.
47511 (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA + H(2)O = CoA + H(+) + methylmalonate.
47512 (S,S)-butanediol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S,S)-butane-2,3-diol + NAD(+) = acetoin + H(+) + NADH.
47513 1,2-alpha-L-fucosidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + methyl-2-alpha-L-fucopyranosyl-beta-D-galactoside = L-fucose + methyl beta-D-galactoside.
47514 1,3-beta-D-glucan phosphorylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n) + phosphate = [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n-1) + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate; substrates include laminarin.
47515 1,3-beta-oligoglucan phosphorylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: [oligomeric (1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n) + phosphate = [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n-1) + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate.
47516 1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: propane-1,3-diol + NAD+ = 3-hydroxypropanal + NADH + H+.
47517 1,4-beta-D-xylan synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-xylose + [(1->4)-beta-D-xylan](n) = UDP + [(1->4)-beta-D-xylan](n+1).
47518 1-methyladenosine nucleosidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-methyladenosine + H(2)O = 1-methyladenine + ribofuranose.
47519 quinate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-quinate + pyrroloquinoline-quinone = (-)-3-dehydroquinate + pyrroloquinoline-quinol.
47520 11-cis-retinyl-palmitate hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 11-cis-retinyl palmitate + H(2)O = 11-cis-retinol + H(+) + palmitate.
47521 3alpha,7alpha,12beta-trihydroxy-5beta-cholanate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3alpha,7alpha,12beta-trihydroxy-5beta-cholanate + NADP(+) = 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-12-oxo-5beta-cholanate + H(+) + NADPH.
47522 15-oxoprostaglandin 13-oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (5Z)-(15S)-11-alpha-hydroxy-9,15-dioxoprostanoate + NAD(P)+ -> (5Z)-(15S)-11-alpha-hydroxy-9,15-dioxoprosta-13-enoate + NAD(P)H + H+.
47524 16-hydroxysteroid epimerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 16-alpha-hydroxysteroid = 16-beta-hydroxysteroid.
47525 2'-hydroxydaidzein reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-hydroxydihydrodaidzein + NADP+ = 2'-hydroxydaidzein + NADPH + H+.
47526 2'-hydroxyisoflavone reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: vestitone + NADP+ = 2'-hydroxyformononetin + NADPH + H+.
47527 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate-serine ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + L-serine = products of ATP breakdown + N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-L-serine.
47528 2,3-dihydroxyindole 2,3-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxyindole + O(2) = anthranilate + CO(2) + H(+).
47529 2,3-dimethylmalate lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (2R,3S)-2,3-dimethylmalate = propanoate + pyruvate.
47530 2,4-diaminopentanoate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-diaminopentanoate + H2O + NAD(P)+ = 2-amino-4-oxopentanoate + NH3 + NAD(P)H + H+.
47531 2,5-diaminovalerate transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + ornithine = 5-amino-2-oxopentanoate + L-glutamate.
47532 2,5-dioxopiperazine hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-dioxopiperazine + H(2)O = glycylglycine.
47533 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-dioxopentanoate + NADP+ + H2O = 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH + H+.
47534 2-acetolactate mutase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-acetolactate = 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate.
47535 2-alkyn-1-ol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-butyne-1,4-diol + NAD(+) = 4-hydroxy-2-butynal + H(+) + NADH.
47536 2-aminoadipate transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-2-aminoadipate = 2-oxoadipate + L-glutamate.
47537 2-aminohexanoate transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-2-aminohexanoate + 2-oxoglutarate = 2-oxohexanoate + L-glutamate.
47538 2-carboxy-D-arabinitol-1-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-carboxy-D-arabinitol 1-phosphate + H(2)O = 2-carboxy-D-arabinitol + phosphate.
47539 2-deoxyglucosidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a 2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucoside = 2-deoxy-D-glucose + an alcohol.
47540 2-enoate reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: butanoate + NAD+ = 2-butenoate + NADH + H+.
47541 2-furoate-CoA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-furoate + ATP + CoA = 2-furoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate + H(+).
47542 2-furoyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-furoyl-CoA + A + H(2)O = 5-hydroxy-2-furoyl-CoA + AH(2) + H(+).
47543 2-hexadecenal reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NADP(+) + palmitaldehyde = trans-hexadec-2-enal + H(+) + NADPH.
47544 2-hydroxybiphenyl 3-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: biphenyl-2-ol + H(+) + NADH + O(2) = biphenyl-2,3-diol + H(2)O + NAD(+).
47545 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + acceptor = 2-oxoglutarate + reduced acceptor.
47546 2-hydroxypyridine 5-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxypyridine + AH(2) + O(2) = 2,5-dihydroxypyridine + A + H(2)O.
47547 2-methylcitrate dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (2S,3S)-2-methylcitrate = cis-2-methylaconitate + H(2)O.
47548 2-methyleneglutarate mutase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methyleneglutarate = 2-methylene-3-methylsuccinate.
47549 2-nitrophenol 2-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-nitrophenol + 2 H(+) + 2 NADPH + O(2) = catechol + H(2)O + 2 NADP(+) + nitrite.
47550 2-oxoadipate reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxyadipate + NAD(+) = 2-oxoadipate + H(+) + NADH.
47551 2-oxoaldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a 2-oxoaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = a 2-oxo acid + NADH + H+.
47552 2-oxoaldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a 2-oxoaldehyde + NADP+ + H2O = a 2-oxo acid + NADPH + H+.
47553 2-oxoglutarate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + CoA + oxidized ferredoxin = succinyl-CoA + CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.
47554 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate lactonase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxo-2H-pyran-4,6-dicarboxylate + H(2)O = 4-carboxy-2-hydroxyhexa-2,4-dienedioate + H(+).
47555 3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: guanosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = guanosine 5'-phosphate.
47556 3,4-dihydroxyphthalate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxyphthalate + H(+) = 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + CO(2).
47557 3-aci-nitropropanoate oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-aci-nitropropanoate + H(2)O + O(2) = 3-oxopropanoate + H(2)O(2) + nitrite.
47558 3-cyanoalanine hydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-asparagine = 3-cyano-L-alanine + H(2)O + H(+).
47559 3-dehydro-L-gulonate 2-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-dehydro-L-gulonate + NAD(P)+ = (4R,5S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2,3-dioxohexanoate + NAD(P)H + H+.
47560 3-dehydrosphinganine reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NADP(+) + sphinganine = 3-dehydrosphinganine + H(+) + NADPH.
47561 3-hydroxyanthranilate oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxyanthranilate + O(2) = 6-imino-5-oxocyclohexa-1,3-dienecarboxylate + H(2)O(2).
47562 3-hydroxyaspartate aldolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxy-L-aspartate = glycine + glyoxylate.
47563 3-hydroxybenzoate 2-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxybenzoate + AH(2) + O(2) = 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + A + H(2)O.
47564 3-hydroxycyclohexanone dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxycyclohexanone + A = AH(2) + cyclohexane-1,3-dione.
47565 3-hydroxypropionate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypropanoate + NAD(+) = 3-oxopropanoate + H(+) + NADH.
47566 3-ketovalidoxylamine C-N-lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-nitrophenyl-3-ketovalidamine = 4-nitroaniline + 5-D-(5/6)-5-C-(hydroxymethyl)-2,6-dihydroxycyclohex-2-en-1-one + H(+).
47567 3-methyleneoxindole reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methyloxindole + NADP(+) = 3-methyleneoxindole + H(+) + NADPH.
47568 3-oxo-5-beta-steroid 4-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-oxo-5-beta-steroid + acceptor = a 3-oxo-D4-steroid + reduced acceptor.
47569 3-oxoadipate CoA-transferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: succinyl-CoA + 3-oxoadipate = succinate + 3-oxoadipyl-CoA.
47570 3-oxoadipate enol-lactonase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxoadipate enol-lactone + H2O = 3-oxoadipate.
47571 3-oxosteroid 1-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-oxosteroid + acceptor = a 3-oxo-D1-steroid + reduced acceptor.
47572 3-phosphoglycerate phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phospho-D-glycerate + H(2)O = D-glycerate + phosphate.
47573 4-acetamidobutyrate deacetylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-acetamidobutanoate + H2O = acetate + 4-aminobutanoate.
47574 4-acetamidobutyryl-CoA deacetylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-acetamidobutanoyl-CoA + H(2)O = 4-aminobutanoyl-CoA + acetate.
47575 4-carboxymuconolactone decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-(carboxymethyl)-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-2-furoate + H(+) = 5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-2-furylacetate + CO(2).
47576 4-chlorobenzoate dehalogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-chlorobenzoate + H(2)O = 4-hydroxybenzoate + chloride + H(+).
47577 4-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybutanoate + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + succinate semialdehyde.
47578 4-hydroxyglutamate transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-L-glutamate + 2-oxoglutarate = 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate + L-glutamate.
47579 4-hydroxymandelate oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-4-hydroxymandelate + H(+) + O(2) = 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + CO(2) + H(2)O(2).
47580 4-hydroxyproline epimerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline = cis-4-hydroxy-D-proline.
47581 4-methyleneglutamate-ammonia ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methylene-L-glutamate + ATP + NH(4)(+) = 4-methylene-L-glutamine + AMP + diphosphate + 2 H(+).
47582 4-methyleneglutaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methylene-L-glutamine + H(2)O = 4-methylene-L-glutamate + NH(4)(+).
47583 4-methyloxaloacetate esterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methoxy-2,4-dioxobutanoate + H(2)O = H(+) + methanol + oxaloacetate.
47584 4-oxalmesaconate hydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-4-oxobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylate = (1E)-4-oxobut-1-ene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate + H(2)O.
47585 4-pyridoxolactonase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-pyridoxolactone + H(2)O = 4-pyridoxate + H(+).
47586 5'-acylphosphoadenosine hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5'-acylphosphoadenosine + H2O = AMP + a carboxylate.
47587 5-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5alpha-ergosta-7,22-diene-3beta,5-diol = ergosterol + H(2)O.
47588 5-aminopentanamidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-aminopentanamide + H2O = 5-aminopentanoate + NH3.
47589 5-aminovalerate transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + 5-aminopentanoate = 5-oxopentanoate + L-glutamate.
47590 5-dehydro-2-deoxygluconokinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 5-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate = ADP + 6-phospho-5-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate.
47591 5-hydroxypentanoate CoA-transferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxypentanoate + acetyl-CoA = 5-hydroxy-pentanoyl-CoA + acetate.
47592 5-pyridoxate dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-pyridoxate + NADPH + O(2) = (2Z)-2-(acetamidomethylene)-3-(hydroxymethyl)succinate + NADP(+).
47593 6-acetylglucose deacetylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 6-acetyl-D-glucose + H(2)O = D-glucose + acetate + H(+).
47594 6-beta-hydroxyhyoscyamine epoxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (6S)-6-hydroxyhyoscyamine + 2-oxoglutarate + O(2) = CO(2) + H(2)O + H(+) + scopolamine + succinate.
47595 6-hydroxynicotinate reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-6-oxonicotinate + oxidized ferredoxin = 6-hydroxynicotinate + reduced ferredoxin.
47596 6-methylsalicylate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 6-methylsalicylate + H(+) = 3-cresol + CO(2).
47597 6-oxocineole dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 6-oxocineole + H(+) + NADPH + O(2) = 1,6,6-trimethyl-2,7-dioxabicyclo[3.2.2]nonan-3-one + H(2)O + NADP(+).
47598 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cholesterol + NADP+ = cholesta-5,7-dien-3-beta-ol + NADPH + H+.
47599 8-oxocoformycin reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: coformycin + NADP(+) = 8-oxocoformycin + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
47600 abequosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-abequose + D-mannosyl-L-rhamnosyl-D-galactose-1-diphospholipid = CDP + D-abequosyl-D-mannosyl-rhamnosyl-D-galactose-1-diphospholipid.
47601 acetate kinase (diphosphate) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetate + diphosphate = acetyl phosphate + phosphate.
47602 acetoacetate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetoacetate + H(+) = acetone + CO(2).
47603 acetoacetyl-CoA hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetoacetyl-CoA + H(2)O = acetoacetate + CoA + H(+).
47604 acetoin racemase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-acetoin = (R)-acetoin.
47605 acetolactate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate = (R)-2-acetoin + CO2.
47606 hydroxynitrilase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a hydroxynitrile = cyanide + an aldehyde or ketone.
47608 acetylindoxyl oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetylindoxyl + O2 = N-acetylisatin + unknown.
47609 acetylputrescine deacetylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetylputrescine + H(2)O = acetate + putrescine.
47610 acetylsalicylate deacetylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetylsalicylate + H(2)O = acetate + H(+) + salicylate.
47611 acetylspermidine deacetylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N(8)-acetylspermidine + H(2)O = acetate + spermidine.
47612 acid-CoA ligase (GDP-forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a carboxylate + CoA + GTP = acyl-CoA + GDP + H(+) + phosphate.
47613 aconitate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cis-aconitate + H(+) = CO(2) + itaconate.
47614 aconitate delta-isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: trans-aconitate = cis-aconitate.
47615 actinomycin lactonase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: actinomycin + H2O = actinomycinic monolactone.
47616 acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + NADP+ = 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + NADPH + H+.
47617 acyl-CoA hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + H2O = CoA + a carboxylate.
47618 acylagmatine amidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N(4)-benzoylagmatine + H(2)O = agmatine + benzoate.
47619 acylcarnitine hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: O-acylcarnitine + H2O = a fatty acid + L-carnitine.
47620 acylglycerol kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + acylglycerol = ADP + acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate.
47621 acylpyruvate hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-acylpyruvate + H2O = a carboxylate + pyruvate.
47622 adenosine nucleosidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine + H2O = D-ribose + adenine.
47623 adenosine-phosphate deaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an adenosine-phosphate + H20 = an inosine phosphate + NH3. Catalyzes the deamination of AMP, ADP or ATP.
47624 adenosine-tetraphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine 5'-tetraphosphate + H2O = ATP + phosphate.
47625 adenosylmethionine cyclotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + homoserine lactone.
47626 adenosylmethionine hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + H(2)O = S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + L-homoserine + H(+).
47627 adenylylsulfatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5'-adenylyl sulfate + H(2)O = AMP + 2 H(+) + sulfate.
47628 ADP-thymidine kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + thymidine = AMP + thymidine 5'-phosphate.
47629 ADP deaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + H2O = IDP + NH3.
47630 ADP-phosphoglycerate phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-ADP-2-phosphoglycerate + H(2)O = 3-ADP-glycerate + phosphate.
47631 ADP-ribose diphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ADP-ribose + H2O = AMP + D-ribose 5-phosphate.
47632 agmatine deiminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: agmatine + H2O = N-carbamoylputrescine + NH3.
47633 agmatine kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: agmatine + ATP = N(4)-phosphoagmatine + ADP + 3 H(+).
47634 agmatine N4-coumaroyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-coumaroyl-CoA + agmatine = N-(4-guanidiniumylbutyl)-4-hydroxycinnamamide + CoA + H(+).
47635 alanine-oxo-acid transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanine + a 2-oxo acid = pyruvate + an L-amino acid.
47636 alanopine dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,2'-iminodipropanoate + H(2)O + NAD(+) = L-alanine + H(+) + NADH + pyruvate.
47637 alanylphosphatidylglycerol synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanyl-tRNA + phosphatidylglycerol = tRNA + 3-O-L-alanyl-1-O-phosphatidylglycerol.
47638 albendazole monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: albendazole + H(+) + NADPH + O(2) = albendazole S-oxide + H(2)O + NADP(+).
47639 alcohol oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a primary alcohol + O2 = an aldehyde + H2O2.
47640 aldose 1-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-aldose + NAD+ = D-aldonolactone + NADH.
47641 aldose-6-phosphate reductase (NADPH) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucitol 6-phosphate + NADP(+) = D-glucose 6-phosphate + H(+) + NADPH.
47642 aldose beta-D-fructosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-aldosyl1 beta-D-fructoside + D-aldose2 = D-aldose1 + alpha-D-aldosyl2 beta-D-fructoside.
47643 alginate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-D-mannuronate + alginate(n) = GDP + alginate(n+1).
47644 alizarin 2-beta-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alizarin + UDP-D-glucose = 1-hydroxy-2-(beta-D-glucosyloxy)-9,10-anthraquinone + H(+) + UDP.
47645 alkan-1-ol dehydrogenase (acceptor) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: primary alcohol + acceptor = aldehyde + reduced acceptor.
47646 alkanal monooxygenase (FMN-linked) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: R-CHO + reduced FMN + O2 = R-COOH + FMN + H2O + light.
47647 alkylacetylglycerophosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + H(2)O = 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycerol + phosphate.
47648 alkylamidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-methylhexanamide + H(2)O = hexanoate + methylammonium.
47649 alkylglycerol kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-alkyl-sn-glycerol + ATP = 1-alkyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).
47650 alkylglycerone kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: O-alkylglycerone + ATP = O-alkylglycerone phosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).
47651 alkylhalidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: bromochloromethane + H(2)O = bromide + chloride + formaldehyde + 2 H(+).
47652 allantoate deiminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: allantoate + H2O + H+ = CO2 + NH3 + ureidoglycine.
47653 allantoin racemase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-(+)-allantoin = (R)-(-)-allantoin.
47654 alliin lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an S-alkyl-L-cysteine S-oxide = an alkyl sulfenate + 2-aminoacrylate.
47655 allyl-alcohol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: allyl alcohol + NADP(+) = acrolein + H(+) + NADPH.
47656 alpha,alpha-trehalose phosphorylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alpha,alpha-trehalose + phosphate = D-glucose + beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate.
47657 alpha-1,3-glucan synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + [alpha-D-glucosyl-(1,3)]n = UDP + [alpha-D-glucosyl-(1,3)]n+1.
47658 alpha-amino-acid esterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an alpha-amino acid ester + H2O = an alpha-amino acid + an alcohol.
47659 alpha-santonin 1,2-reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydrosantonin + NAD(P)+ = alpha-santonin + NAD(P)H + H+.
47660 amidinoaspartase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-amidino-L-aspartate + H(2)O = L-aspartate + urea.
47661 amino-acid racemase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an L-amino acid = a D-amino acid.
47662 aminobenzoate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4(or 2)-aminobenzoate = aniline + CO2.
47663 aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + kanamycin B = N(6')-acetylkanamycin B + CoA + H(+). This is acetylation of the 6'-amino group of the 6-deoxy-6-aminoglucose ring.
47664 aminoimidazolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminoimidazole + H2O = unidentified product + NH3.
47665 aminolevulinate transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-aminolevulinate + pyruvate = 4,5-dioxopentanoate + L-alanine.
47666 ammonia kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + NH(4)(+) = ADP + 3 H(+) + phosphoramidate.
47667 AMP-thymidine kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: AMP + thymidine = adenosine + thymidine 5'-phosphate.
47668 amygdalin beta-glucosidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-amygdalin + H(2)O = (R)-prunasin + D-glucose.
47669 amylosucrase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose + 1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl(n) = D-fructose + 1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl(n+1).
47670 anhydrotetracycline monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: anhydrotetracycline + H(+) + NADPH + O(2) = 12-dehydrotetracycline + H(2)O + NADP(+).
47671 anthranilate adenylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: anthranilate + ATP = N-adenylylanthranilate + diphosphate + H(+).
47672 anthranilate N-benzoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: anthranilate + benzoyl-CoA = N-benzoylanthranilate + CoA.
47673 anthranilate N-malonyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: anthranilate + malonyl-CoA = N-malonylanthranilate + CoA.
47674 apiose 1-reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-apiitol + NAD(+) = D-apiose + H(+) + NADH.
47675 arabinonate dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinonate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-arabinonate + H(2)O.
47676 arachidonate-CoA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + ATP + CoA = AMP + arachidonoyl-CoA + diphosphate + H(+).
47677 arachidonate 8(R)-lipoxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + O(2) = (5Z,8R,9E,11Z,14Z)-8-hydroperoxyicosa-5,9,11,14-tetraenoate.
47678 arginine 2-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine + O(2) = 4-guanidinobutanamide + CO(2) + H(2)O.
47679 arginine racemase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine = D-arginine.
47680 aryl-acylamidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: anilide + H(2)O = a carboxylate + aniline + H(+).
47681 aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an aromatic alcohol + NADP+ = an aromatic aldehyde + NADPH.
47682 aryl-alcohol oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an aromatic primary alcohol + O2 = an aromatic aldehyde + H2O2.
47683 aryl-aldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an aromatic aldehyde + NADP+ + AMP + diphosphate + H2O = an aromatic acid + NADPH + ATP.
47684 arylamine glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + an arylamine = UDP + an N-D-glucosylarylamine.
47685 amine sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + an amine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + a sulfamate.
47686 arylsulfate sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an aryl sulfate + a phenol = a phenol + an aryl sulfate.
47688 aspartate 4-decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate = L-alanine + CO2.
47689 aspartate racemase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate = D-aspartate.
47690 aspartyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-asparagine + H(+) + hydroxylamine = beta-L-aspartylhydroxamate + NH(4)(+).
47691 aspulvinone dimethylallyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: aspulvinone E + 2 dimethylallyl diphosphate = aspulvinone H + 2 diphosphate.
47692 ATP deaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ITP + NH3.
47693 ATP diphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = AMP + diphosphate.
47694 barbiturase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: barbiturate + H2O = malonate + urea.
47695 benzoin aldolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: benzoin = 2 benzaldehyde.
47696 beta-adrenergic receptor kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + beta-adrenergic receptor = ADP + phospho-beta-adrenergic receptor.
47697 beta-alanopine dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-beta-alanopine + H(2)O + NAD(+) = beta-alanine + H(+) + NADH + pyruvate.
47698 beta-alanyl-CoA ammonia-lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: beta-alanyl-CoA = acryloyl-CoA + NH3.
47699 beta-diketone hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + nonane-4,6-dione = butanoate + H(+) + pentan-2-one.
47700 beta-glucoside kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + cellobiose = ADP + 6-phospho-beta-D-glucosyl-(1,4)-D-glucose.
47701 beta-L-arabinosidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a beta-L-arabinoside = L-arabinose + an alcohol.
47702 beta-lysine 5,6-aminomutase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (3S)-3,6-diaminohexanoate = (3S,5S)-3,5-diaminohexanoate.
47703 beta-nitroacrylate reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-nitropropanoate + NADP(+) = 3-nitroacrylate + H(+) + NADPH.
47704 bile-salt sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + taurolithocholate = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + taurolithocholate sulfate.
47705 bilirubin oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 bilirubin + O(2) = 2 biliverdin + 2 H(2)O.
47706 biochanin-A reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dihydrobiochanin A + NADP(+) = biochanin A + H(+) + NADPH.
47707 biotin-CoA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + biotinyl-CoA.
47708 biotinidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: biotin amide + H2O = biotin + NH3.
47709 bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate esterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate + H(2)O = 2-ethylhexan-1-ol + 2-ethylhexyl phthalate + H(+).
47710 bis(5'-adenosyl)-triphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: P(1),P(3)-bis(5'-adenosyl) triphosphate + H(2)O = ADP + AMP + 2 H(+).
47711 blasticidin-S deaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: blasticidin S + H2O = deaminohydroxyblasticidin S + NH3.
47712 Cypridina-luciferin 2-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: Cypridina luciferin + O2 = oxidized Cypridina luciferin + CO2 + light.
47713 galactitol 2-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: galactitol + NAD(+) = D-tagatose + H(+) + NADH.
47714 galactolipase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacyl-3-beta-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol + 2 H2O = 3-beta-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol + 2 carboxylates.
47715 hypotaurocyamine kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + hypotaurocyamine = N(omega)-phosphohypotaurocyamine + ADP + 2 H(+).
47716 imidazole N-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1H-imidazole + acetyl-CoA = N-acetylimidazole + CoA.
47717 imidazoleacetate 4-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(+) + imidazol-4-ylacetate + NADH + O(2) = 5-hydroxyimidazole-4-acetate + H(2)O + NAD(+).
47718 indanol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: indan-1-ol + NAD(P)+ = indanone + NAD(P)H + H+.
47719 indole 2,3-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: indole + O(2) = 2-formamidobenzaldehyde.
47720 indoleacetaldoxime dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde oxime = (indol-3-yl)acetonitrile + H(2)O.
47721 indoleacetate-lysine synthetase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (indol-3-yl)acetate + L-lysine + ATP = N(6)-[(indole-3-yl)acetyl]-L-lysine + ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphate.
47722 indolelactate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(indol-3-yl)lactate + NAD(+) = 3-(indol-3-yl)pyruvate + H(+) + NADH.
47723 inosinate nucleosidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + IMP = D-ribose 5-phosphate + hypoxanthine.
47724 inosine nucleosidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: inosine + H2O = D-ribose + hypoxanthine.
47725 inulosucrase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose + 2,1-beta-D-fructosyl(n) = glucose + 2,1-beta-D-fructosyl(n+1).
47726 iron-cytochrome-c reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ferrocytochrome c + Fe3+ = ferricytochrome c + Fe2+.
47727 isobutyryl-CoA mutase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: isobutyryl-CoA = butanoyl-CoA.
47728 carnitine 3-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: carnitine + NAD(+) = 3-dehydrocarnitine + H(+) + NADH.
47729 carnitine decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: carnitine + H(+) = 2-methylcholine + CO(2).
47730 carnosine synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-histidine + beta-alanine = AMP + diphosphate + carnosine.
47731 catechol oxidase (dimerizing) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4 catechol + 3 O2 = 2 dibenzo[1,4]dioxin-2,3-dione + 6 H2O.
47732 CDP-abequose epimerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-3,6-dideoxy-D-glucose = CDP-3,6-dideoxy-D-mannose.
47733 CDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-D-glucose = CDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose + H(2)O.
47734 CDP-glycerol diphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-glycerol + H(2)O = sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + CMP + 2 H(+).
47735 cellobiose dehydrogenase (acceptor) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cellobiose + acceptor = cellobiono-1,5-lactone + reduced acceptor.
47736 cellobiose epimerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cellobiose = D-glucosyl-D-mannose.
47738 cellobiose phosphorylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cellobiose + phosphate = alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + D-glucose.
47739 cephalosporin-C deacetylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cephalosporin C + H(2)O = acetate + deacetylcephalosporin C + H(+).
47740 cephalosporin-C transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (7R)-7-(5-carboxylato-5-oxopentanamido)deacetylcephalosporanate + D-glutamate = 2-oxoglutarate + cephalosporin C.
47741 cetraxate benzylesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: benzyl cetraxate + H(2)O = benzyl alcohol + cetraxate + H(+).
47742 chenodeoxycholoyltaurine hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: chenodeoxycholoyltaurine + H2O = chenodeoxycholate + taurine.
47743 chlordecone reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: chlordecone alcohol + NADP(+) = chlordecone + H(+) + NADPH.
47744 chloridazon-catechol dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-amino-4-chloro-2-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)pyridazin-3(2H)-one + O(2) = 5-amino-4-chloro-2-(2-hydroxymuconoyl)pyridazin-3(2H)-one + 2 H(+).
47745 chlorogenate hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: chlorogenate + H(2)O = (-)-quinate + cis-caffeate + H(+).
47746 chlorophyllase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: chlorophyll + H2O = phytol + chlorophyllide.
47747 cholate-CoA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reactions: (1) ATP + cholate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + choloyl-CoA and (2) ATP + (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA.
47748 cholestanetetraol 26-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-beta-cholestane-3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha,26-tetraol + NAD+ = 3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-trihydroxy-5-beta-cholestan-26-al + NADH.
47749 cholestanetriol 26-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-beta-cholestane-3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-triol + NADPH + O2 = 5-beta-cholestane-3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha,26-tetraol + NADP+ + H2O.
47750 cholestenol delta-isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-alpha-cholest-7-en-3-beta-ol = 5-alpha-cholest-8-en-3-beta-ol.
47751 cholestenone 5-alpha-reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5alpha-cholestan-3-one + NADP(+) = cholest-4-en-3-one + H(+) + NADPH.
47753 choline-sulfatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: choline sulfate + H(2)O = choline + H(+) + sulfate.
47754 choline sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + choline = adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + choline sulfate + H(+).
47755 isocitrate epimerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-threo-isocitrate = D-erythro-isocitrate.
47756 chondroitin 4-sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + chondroitin = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin 4'-sulfate.
47757 chondroitin-glucuronate 5-epimerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: chondroitin D-glucuronate = dermatan L-iduronate.
47758 ATP:2-methylpropanoate phosphotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylpropanoate + ATP = 2-methylpropanoyl phosphate + ADP + H(+).
47759 butanal dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: butanal + CoA + NAD(P)+ = butanoyl-CoA + NAD(P)H + H+.
47760 butyrate-CoA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + an acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA.
47761 butyrate kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + butanoate = ADP + butanoyl phosphate + H(+).
47762 caffeate 3,4-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: trans-caffeate + O(2) = 3-(2-carboxyethenyl)-cis,cis-muconate + 2 H(+).
47763 caffeate O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3,4-dihydroxy-trans-cinnamate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-trans-cinnamate.
47764 caldesmon kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + caldesmon = ADP + caldesmon phosphate.
47765 caldesmon-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: caldesmon phosphate + H2O = caldesmon + phosphate.
47766 carbamoyl-serine ammonia-lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: O-carbamoyl-L-serine + H(2)O + H(+) = CO(2) + 2 NH(4)(+) + pyruvate.
47768 carboxy-cis,cis-muconate cyclase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-carboxy-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-acetate = 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate.
47769 arogenate dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-arogenate = L-phenylalanine + H2O + CO2.
47770 carboxylate reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an aldehyde + acceptor + H2O = a carboxylate + reduced acceptor.
47771 carboxymethylhydantoinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-5-carboxymethylhydantoin + H(2)O = N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate + H(+).
47772 carboxymethyloxysuccinate lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: carboxymethoxysuccinate = fumarate + glycolate.
47773 carnitinamidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-carnitinamide + H(2)O = (R)-carnitine + NH(4)(+).
47774 cis-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (NADPH) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + NADP+ = cis-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + NADPH.
47775 citramalate CoA-transferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + citramalate = acetate + (3S)-citramalyl-CoA.
47776 citramalate lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-citramalate = acetate + pyruvate.
47777 (3S)-citramalyl-CoA lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (3S)-citramalyl-CoA = acetyl-CoA + pyruvate.
47778 [citrate-(pro-3S)-lyase] thiolesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: [citrate (pro-3S)-lyase](acetyl form) + H2O = [citrate (pro-3S)-lyase](thiol form) + acetate.
47779 citrate-CoA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + citrate + CoA = (3S)-citryl-CoA + ADP + H(+) + phosphate.
47780 citrate dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: citrate = cis-aconitate + H2O.
47781 citrullinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + citrulline = NH3 + CO2 + L-ornithine.
47782 coniferin beta-glucosidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + coniferin = D-glucose + coniferol.
47783 corticosterone 18-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: corticosterone + reduced adrenal ferredoxin + O2 = 18-hydroxycorticosterone + oxidized adrenal ferredoxin + H2O.
47784 cortisol O-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + cortisol = CoA + cortisol 21-acetate.
47785 cortisol sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + cortisol = adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + cortisol 21-sulfate + H(+).
47786 cortisone alpha-reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4,5alpha-dihydrocortisone + NADP(+) = cortisone + H(+) + NADPH.
47787 delta4-3-oxosteroid 5beta-reductase activity F Catalysis of the reactions: (1) 5beta-cholestan-3-one + NADP+ = cholest-4-en-3-one + NADPH + H+ and (2) 17,21-dihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-3,11,20-trione + NADP+ = cortisone + NADPH + H+.
47788 2-coumarate reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate + NAD(+) = trans-2-coumarate + H(+) + NADH.
47789 creatininase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: creatinine + H(2)O = creatine.
47790 creatinine deaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: creatinine + H2O = N-methylhydantoin + NH3.
47791 cucurbitacin delta23-reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 23,24-dihydrocucurbitacin + NAD(P)+ = cucurbitacin + NAD(P)H + H+.
47792 cyanohydrin beta-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + (S)-4-hydroxymandelonitrile = UDP + (S)-4-hydroxy-mandelonitrile beta-D-glucoside.
47793 cycloeucalenol cycloisomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cycloeucalenol = obtusifoliol.
47794 cyclohexadienyl dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-arogenate + NAD+ = L-tyrosine + NADH + CO2.
47795 cyclohexane-1,2-diol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diol + NAD+ = 2-hydroxycyclohexan-1-one + NADH.
47796 cyclohexane-1,3-dione hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cyclohexane-1,3-dione + H(2)O = 5-oxohexanoate + H(+).
47797 cyclohexanone dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: A + cyclohexanone = AH(2) + cyclohex-2-enone.
47798 cyclomaltodextrinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + cyclomaltodextrin = linear maltodextrin.
47799 cyclopentanone monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cyclopentanone + H(+) + NADPH + O(2) = 5-valerolactone + H(2)O + NADP(+).
47800 cysteamine dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cysteamine + O(2) = H(+) + hypotaurine.
47801 L-cysteine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + 2-oxoglutarate = mercaptopyruvate + L-glutamate.
47802 cysteine-conjugate transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + S-(4-bromophenyl)-L-cysteine = (4-bromophenylsulfanyl)pyruvate + L-glutamate.
47803 cysteine lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + sulfite = L-cysteate + sulfide.
47804 cysteine-S-conjugate beta-lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: RS-CH2-CH(NH3+)COO- = RSH + NH3 + pyruvate.
47805 cytidylate cyclase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: CTP = 3',5'-cyclic CMP + diphosphate + H(+).
47806 cytochrome-c3 hydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H2 + ferricytochrome c3 = 4 H+ + ferrocytochrome c3.
47807 cytokinin 7-beta-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 6-alkylaminopurine + UDP-D-glucose = 6-alkylamino-7-beta-D-glucosylpurine + H+ + UDP. This reaction is an N-glucosylation event.
47808 D(-)-tartrate dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-tartrate = H(2)O + oxaloacetate.
47809 D-2-hydroxy-acid dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-lactate + A = AH(2) + pyruvate.
47810 D-alanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-alanine + 2-oxoglutarate = pyruvate + D-glutamate.
47811 D-alanine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-alanine + L-glutamine = gamma-L-glutamyl-D-alanine + NH(4)(+).
47812 D-amino-acid N-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + a D-amino acid = CoA + an N-acetyl-D-amino-acid.
47813 D-arabinitol 4-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinitol + NAD+ = D-xylulose + NADH.
47814 D-arabinokinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinose + ATP = D-arabinose 5-phosphate + ADP.
47815 D-arabinonolactonase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + H(2)O = D-arabinonate + H(+).
47816 D-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase (NAD) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinose + NAD+ = D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + NADH.
47817 D-arginase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-arginine + H(2)O = D-ornithine + urea.
47818 D-fuconate dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-fuconate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-fuconate + H(2)O.
47819 D-glutamate(D-aspartate) oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-glutamate + H2O + O2 = 2-oxoglutarate + NH3 + H2O2, and D-aspartate + H2O + O2 = oxaloacetate + NH3 + H2O2.
47820 D-glutamate cyclase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-glutamate = 5-oxo-D-proline + H(2)O.
47821 D-glutamate oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-glutamate + H2O + O2 = 2-oxoglutarate + NH3 + H2O2.
47822 hypotaurine dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + hypotaurine + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + taurine.
47823 D-glutamyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L(or D)-glutamine + D-glutamyl-peptide = NH3 + 5-glutamyl-D-glutamyl-peptide.
47824 D-iditol 2-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-iditol + NAD+ = D-sorbose + NADH.
47825 D-lactate-2-sulfatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-O-sulfolactate + H(2)O = (R)-lactate + H(+) + sulfate.
47826 D-lysine 5,6-aminomutase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-lysine = 2,5-diaminohexanoate.
47827 D-lysopine dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-lysopine + H(2)O + NADP(+) = L-lysine + H(+) + NADPH + pyruvate.
47828 D-lyxose ketol-isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-lyxose = D-xylulose.
47829 D-nopaline dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N2-(D-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-arginine + NADP+ + H2O = L-arginine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH.
47830 D-octopine dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N2-(D-1-carboxyethyl)-L-arginine + NAD+ + H2O = L-arginine + pyruvate + NADH.
47831 D-ornithine 4,5-aminomutase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-ornithine = (2R,4S)-2,4-diaminopentanoate.
47832 D-pinitol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5D-5-O-methyl-chiro-inositol + NADP(+) = 2D-5-O-methyl-2,3,5/4,6-pentahydroxycyclohexanone + H(+) + NADPH.
47833 D-sorbitol dehydrogenase (acceptor) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-sorbitol + acceptor = L-sorbose + reduced acceptor.
47834 D-threo-aldose 1-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a D-threo-aldose + NAD+ = a D-threo-aldono-1,5-lactone + NADH.
47835 D-tryptophan N-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-tryptophan + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-D-tryptophan + CoA + H(+).
47836 D-tryptophan N-malonyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-tryptophan + malonyl-CoA = N(2)-malonyl-D-tryptophan + CoA + H(+).
47837 D-xylose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylose + NADP(+) = D-xylono-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADPH.
47838 D-xylose 1-dehydrogenase (NAD) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylose + NAD+ = D-xylonolactone + NADH.
47839 dATP(dGTP)-DNA purinetransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dATP + depurinated DNA = ribose triphosphate + DNA.
47840 dCTP diphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dCTP + H2O = dCMP + diphosphate.
47841 dehydrogluconokinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-D-gluconate + ATP = 6-phospho-2-dehydro-D-gluconate + ADP + 2 H(+).
47842 dehydro-L-gulonate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-dehydro-L-gulonate + H(+) = L-xylulose + CO(2).
47843 dehydrogluconate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-D-gluconate + A = 2,5-didehydro-D-gluconate + AH(2).
47844 deoxycytidine deaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: deoxycytidine + H2O = deoxyuridine + NH3.
47845 deoxylimonate A-ring-lactonase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: deoxylimonoate + H(2)O = deoxylimononate D-ring-lactone + H(+).
47846 deoxynucleotide 3'-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a deoxynucleoside 3'-phosphate + H2O = a deoxynucleoside + phosphate.
47847 deoxyuridine phosphorylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: deoxyuridine + phosphate = uracil + deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate.
47848 dephospho-[reductase kinase] kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + dephospho-[[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] kinase] = ADP + [[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] kinase].
47849 dextransucrase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose + 1,6-alpha-D-glucosyl(n) = D-fructose + 1,6-alpha-D-glucosyl(n+1).
47850 diaminopimelate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: meso-2,6-diaminopimelate + H(2)O + NADP(+) = L-2-amino-6-oxopimelate + H(+) + NADPH + NH(4)(+).
47851 dicarboxylate-CoA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + an omega-dicarboxylic acid = AMP + diphosphate + an omega-carboxyacyl-CoA.
47852 diferric-transferrin reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: transferrin[Fe2+]2 + NAD+ = transferrin[Fe3+]2 + NADH.
47853 difructose-anhydride synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + bis-D-fructose 2',1:2,1'-dianhydride = inulobiose.
47854 diguanidinobutanase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,4-diguanidinobutane + H(2)O = agmatine + urea.
47855 dihydrobunolol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dihydrobunolol + NADP(+) = bunolol + H(+) + NADPH.
47856 dihydrocoumarin hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydrocoumarin + H(2)O = 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate + H(+).
47857 dihydrouracil oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5,6-dihydrouracil + O(2) = H(2)O(2) + uracil.
47858 dihydroxyfumarate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dihydroxyfumarate + H(+) = 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate + CO(2).
47860 diiodophenylpyruvate reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate + NAD(+) = 3-(3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + H(+) + NADH.
47861 diiodotyrosine transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine = 3-(3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + L-glutamate.
47862 diisopropyl-fluorophosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: diisopropyl fluorophosphate + H(2)O = diisopropyl phosphate + 2 H(+) + hydrogen fluoride.
47863 dimethylallylcistransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylallyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = diphosphate + neryl diphosphate.
47864 dimethylaniline-N-oxide aldolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N,N-dimethylaniline N-oxide = N-methylaniline + formaldehyde.
47865 dimethylglycine dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N,N-dimethylglycine + electron-transfer flavoprotein + H2O = sarcosine + formaldehyde + reduced electron-transfer flavoprotein.
47866 dimethylglycine oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N,N-dimethylglycine + H(2)O + O(2) = formaldehyde + H(2)O(2) + sarcosine.
47867 dimethylmalate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-3,3-dimethylmalate + NAD(+) = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + CO(2) + NADH.
47868 dimethylmaleate hydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (2R,3S)-2,3-dimethylmalate = dimethylmaleate + H(2)O.
47869 dimethylpropiothetin dethiomethylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S,S-dimethyl-beta-propiothetin = acrylate + dimethyl sulfide + H(+).
47870 discadenine synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N(6)-dimethylallyladenine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + discadenine + H(+).
47871 disulfoglucosamine-6-sulfatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N(2),6-disulfo-D-glucosamine + H(2)O = N-sulfo-D-glucosamine + H(+) + sulfate.
47872 dolichol O-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + dolichol = CoA + dolichyl palmitate.
47873 dolichyl-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dolichyl phosphate + H2O = dolichol + phosphate.
47874 dolichyldiphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dolichyl diphosphate + H2O = dolichyl phosphate + phosphate.
47875 ecdysone oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: Ecdysone + O(2) = 3-dehydroecdysone + H(2)O(2).
47876 endoglycosylceramidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + oligoglycosylglucosylceramide = ceramide + oligoglycosylglucose.
47877 ephedrine dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (1R,2S)-ephedrine + NAD(+) = (R)-2-methylimino-1-phenylpropan-1-ol + 2 H(+) + NADH.
47878 erythritol kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + erythritol = D-erythritol 4-phosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).
47879 erythronolide synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 6 malonyl-CoA + propionyl-CoA = 7 CoA + 6-deoxyerythronolide B.
47880 erythrulose reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-threitol + NADP(+) = D-erythrulose + H(+) + NADPH.
47881 estradiol 17-alpha-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: estradiol-17-alpha + NAD(P)+ = estrone + NAD(P)H + H+.
47882 estradiol 6-beta-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + estradiol-17beta + O(2) = 6beta-hydroxyestradiol-17beta + A + H(2)O.
47883 ethanolamine oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ethanolamine + H2O + O2 = glycolaldehyde + NH3 + H2O2.
47884 FAD diphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: FAD + H2O = AMP + FMN.
47885 farnesol 2-isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesol = 2-cis,6-trans-farnesol.
47886 farnesol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesol + NADP(+) = 2-trans,6-trans-farnesal + H(+) + NADPH.
47887 farnesyl diphosphate kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate + ATP = 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl triphosphate + ADP.
47888 fatty acid peroxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H(2)O(2) + H(+) + palmitate = CO(2) + 3 H(2)O + pentadecanal.
47889 ferredoxin-nitrate reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: nitrite + H2O + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = nitrate + 2 reduced ferredoxin.
47890 flavanone 4-reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (2S)-flavan-4-ol + NADP+ = (2S)-flavanone + NADPH.
47891 flavone 7-O-beta-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone = UDP + 7-O-beta-D-glucosyl-5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone.
47892 flavone apiosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-apiose + 7-O-beta-D-glucosyl-5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone = UDP + 7-O-(beta-D-apiofuranosyl-1,2-beta-D-glucosyl)-5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone.
47893 flavonol 3-O-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + a flavonol = UDP + a flavonol 3-O-D-glucoside.
47894 flavonol 3-sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + quercetin = adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H(+) + quercetin 3-sulfate.
47895 formaldehyde dismutase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 formaldehyde + H2O = methanol + formate.
47896 formaldehyde transketolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylulose 5-phosphate + formaldehyde = glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + glycerone.
47897 formate-dihydrofolate ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydrofolate + ATP + formate = 10-formyldihydrofolate + ADP + H(+) + phosphate.
47898 formate dehydrogenase (cytochrome) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: formate + ferricytochrome b1 = CO2 + ferrocytochrome b1.
47899 formate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: formate + NADP(+) = CO(2) + NADPH.
47900 formate kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + formate = ADP + formyl phosphate + H(+).
47901 formyl-CoA hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: formyl-CoA + H(2)O = CoA + formate + H(+).
47902 formylaspartate deformylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-formyl-L-aspartate + H2O = formate + L-aspartate.
47903 fructose 5-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose + NADP+ = 5-dehydro-D-fructose + NADPH.
47904 fructose 5-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose + A = 5-dehydro-D-fructose + AH(2).
47905 fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose 6-phosphate + phosphate = acetyl phosphate + D-erythrose 4-phosphate + H2O.
47906 fucosterol-epoxide lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (24R,24'R)-fucosterol epoxide = acetaldehyde + desmosterol.
47907 furylfuramide isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (E)-2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide = (Z)-2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide.
47908 fusarinine-C ornithinesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N5-acyl-L-ornithine ester + H2O = N5-acyl-L-ornithine + an alcohol.
47909 galactolipid O-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 mono-beta-D-galactosyldiacylglycerol = acylmono-beta-D-galactosyl-diacylglycerol + mono-beta-D-galactosylacylglycerol.
47910 galactose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactose + NADP+ = D-galactonolactone + NADPH.
47911 galacturan 1,4-alpha-galacturonidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: [(1->4)-alpha-D-galacturonide](n) + H2O = [(1->4)-alpha-D-galacturonide](n-1) + D-galacturonate.
47912 galacturonokinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-galacturonate + ATP = 1-phospho-alpha-D-galacturonate + ADP + 2 H(+).
47913 gallate 1-beta-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: gallate + UDP-D-glucose = 1-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose + UDP.
47914 gamma-glutamylhistamine synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: histamine + L-glutamate + ATP = N(alpha)-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine + products of ATP breakdown.
47915 ganglioside galactosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine = UDP + D-galactosyl-1,3-beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine.
47916 GDP-6-deoxy-D-talose 4-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-6-deoxy-D-talose + NAD(P)+ = GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-talose + NAD(P)H + H+.
47917 GDP-glucosidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-D-glucose + H(2)O = D-glucose + GDP + H(+).
47918 GDP-mannose 3,5-epimerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-mannose = GDP-L-galactose.
47919 GDP-mannose 6-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-alpha-D-mannose + H(2)O + 2 NAD(+) = GDP-D-mannuronate + 3 H(+) + 2 NADH.
47920 geissoschizine dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: geissoschizine + NADP(+) = 4,21-dehydrogeissoschizine + H(+) + NADPH.
47921 aminoglycoside 2'-N-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + gentamicin C(1a) = N(2')-acetylgentamicin C(1a) + CoA + H(+). This is acetylation of the 2'-amino group of the 6-deoxy-6-aminoglucose ring.
47922 gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate + O(2) = 3-maleylpyruvate + H(+).
47923 gentisate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate + H(+) = CO(2) + hydroquinone.
47924 geraniol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: geraniol + NADP+ = geranial + NADPH.
47925 geranoyl-CoA carboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + bicarbonate + geranoyl-CoA = 3-(4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)pent-2-enedioyl-CoA + ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphate.
47926 geranyl-diphosphate cyclase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate = (2S)-bornyl diphosphate.
47927 gibberellin-44 dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin 44 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = gibberellin 19 + succinate + CO2.
47928 gibberellin beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + gibberellin = UDP + gibberellin 2-O-beta-D-glucoside.
47929 gluconate dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-gluconate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate + H(2)O.
47930 glucosaminate ammonia-lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucosaminate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate + NH3.
47931 glucosamine kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-glucosamine = ADP + D-glucosamine phosphate.
47932 glucosamine N-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucosamine + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + CoA + H(+).
47933 glucose-1,6-bisphosphate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate = 3-phospho-D-glycerate + alpha-D-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate + H(+).
47934 glucose 1-dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose + NAD+ = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + NADH.
47935 glucose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose + NADP+ = D-glucono-1,4-lactone + NADPH.
47936 glucose 1-dehydrogenase [NAD(P)] activity F Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-glucose + NAD(P)+ = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + NAD(P)H.
47937 glucose-1-phosphate phosphodismutase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 D-glucose 1-phosphate = D-glucose + D-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate.
47938 glucose-6-phosphate 1-epimerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate = beta-D-glucose 6-phosphate.
47939 L-glucuronate reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-gulonate + NADP(+) = D-glucuronate + H(+) + NADPH.
47940 glucuronokinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucuronate + ATP = 1-phospho-alpha-D-glucuronate + ADP + 2 H(+).
47941 glucuronolactone reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-gulono-1,4-lactone + NADP(+) = D-glucurono-3,6-lactone + H(+) + NADPH.
47942 glutamate-ethylamine ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + ATP + ethylamine = N(5)-ethyl-L-glutamine + ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphate.
47943 glutamate-methylamine ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + ATP + methylammonium = N(5)-methyl-L-glutamine + ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphate.
47944 glutamate 1-kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + ATP = alpha-L-glutamyl phosphate + ADP + H(+).
47945 L-glutamine:pyruvate aminotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamine + pyruvate = 2-oxoglutaramate + L-alanine.
47946 glutamine N-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + L-glutamine = CoA + N-acyl-L-glutamine.
47947 glutamine N-phenylacetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phenylacetyl-CoA + L-glutamine = CoA + alpha-N-phenylacetyl-L-glutamine.
47948 glutarate-CoA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + CoA + glutarate = ADP + glutaryl-CoA + H(+) + phosphate.
47949 glutarate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glutarate semialdehyde + NAD+ + H2O = glutarate + NADH.
47950 glutathione oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 glutathione + O(2) = glutathione disulfide + H(2)O(2).
47951 glutathione thiolesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-acylglutathione + H(2)O = a carboxylate + glutathione + H(+).
47952 glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity F Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + NAD(P)+ = glycerone phosphate + NAD(P)H + H+.
47953 glycerol 2-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glycerol + NADP(+) = glycerone + H(+) + NADPH.
47954 glycerol-2-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glycerol 2-phosphate + H(2)O = glycerol + phosphate.
47955 glycerol dehydrogenase (acceptor) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: A + glycerol = AH(2) + glycerone.
47956 glycerol dehydrogenase [NADP+] activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glycerol + NADP+ = D-glyceraldehyde + NADPH.
47957 4'-methoxyisoflavone 2'-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: formononetin + NADPH + O2 = 2'-hydroxyformononetin + NADP+ + H2O.
47958 glycine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate.
47959 glycine dehydrogenase (cytochrome) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glycine + H2O + 2 ferricytochrome c = glyoxylate + NH3 + 2 ferrocytochrome c.
47960 glycine dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glycine + H2O + NAD+ = glyoxylate + NH3 + NADH.
47961 glycine N-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + glycine = CoA + N-acylglycine.
47962 glycine N-benzoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: benzoyl-CoA + glycine = N-benzoylglycine + CoA + H(+).
47963 glycine N-choloyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: choloyl-CoA + glycine = CoA + glycocholate.
47964 glyoxylate reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glycolate + NAD+ = glyoxylate + NADH.
47965 glycoprotein O-fatty-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + mucus glycoprotein = CoA + O-palmitoylglycoprotein.
47966 glycosulfatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose 6-sulfate + H(2)O = D-glucose + H(+) + sulfate.
47967 glycyrrhizinate beta-glucuronidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glycyrrhizate + H(2)O = 2-(beta-D-glucuronosyl)-D-glucuronate + glycyrrhetinate.
47968 glyoxylate dehydrogenase (acylating) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: CoA + glyoxylate + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + oxalyl-CoA.
47969 glyoxylate oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glyoxylate + H(2)O + O(2) = H(2)O(2) + H(+) + oxalate.
47970 guanidinoacetase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: guanidinoacetate + H(2)O = glycine + urea.
47971 guanidinobutyrase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-guanidinobutanoate + H(2)O = 4-aminobutanoate + urea.
47972 guanidinopropionase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-guanidinopropanoate + H(2)O = beta-alanine + urea.
47973 guanidinoacetate kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + guanidinoacetate = ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphoguanidinoacetate.
47974 guanosine deaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: guanosine + H2O = xanthosine + NH3.
47975 guanosine phosphorylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: guanosine + phosphate = guanine + D-ribose 1-phosphate.
47976 hamamelose kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-hamamelose + ATP = D-hamamelose 2'-phosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).
47977 hepoxilin-epoxide hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (5Z,9E,14Z)-(8x,11R,12S)-11,12-epoxy-8-hydroxyicosa-5,9,14-trienoate + H2O = (5Z,9E,14Z)-(8x,11x,12S)-8,11,12-trihydroxyicosa-5,9,14-trienoate.
47978 hexadecanol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: hexadecanol + NAD+ = hexadecanal + NADH.
47979 hexose oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: hexose + O2 = aldono-1,5-lactone + H202.
47980 hippurate hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-benzoylglycine + H(2)O = benzoate + glycine.
47981 histidine N-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-histidine + acetyl-CoA = N(alpha)-acetyl-L-histidine + CoA + H(+).
47982 homocysteine desulfhydrase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-homocysteine + H2O = sulfide + NH3 + 2-oxobutanoate.
47983 homoglutathione synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: beta-alanine + L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine + ATP = gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-beta-alanine + ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphate.
47985 hydrogen dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2 + NAD+ = H+ + NADH.
47986 hydrogen-sulfide S-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + S(2-) = CoA + thioacetate.
47987 hydroperoxide dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (9Z,11E,14Z)-(13S)-hydroperoxyoctadeca-9,11,14-trienoate = (9Z)-(13S)-12,13-epoxyoctadeca-9,11-dienoate + H2O.
47988 hydroxyacid-oxoacid transhydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate + 2-oxoglutarate = acetoacetate + (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate.
47989 hydroxybutyrate-dimer hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-3-[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoyloxy]butanoate + H(2)O = 2 (R)-3-hydroxybutanoate + H(+).
47990 hydroxyglutamate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-L-glutamate + H(+) = 4-amino-3-hydroxybutanoate + CO(2).
47991 hydroxylamine oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: hydroxylamine + O(2) = H(2)O + H(+) + nitrite.
47992 hydroxylysine kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: erythro-5-hydroxy-L-lysine + GTP = 5-phosphonooxy-L-lysine + GDP + 2 H(+).
47993 hydroxymalonate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: hydroxymalonate + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + oxomalonate.
47994 hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + H(2)O = 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate + CoA + H(+).
47995 hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate + NAD+ = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + NADH.
47996 hydroxyphytanate oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (2S)-2-hydroxyphytanate + O(2) = 2-oxophytanate + H(2)O(2).
47997 hydroxypyruvate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypyruvate + H(+) = CO(2) + glycolaldehyde.
47998 hyoscyamine (6S)-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-hyoscyamine + O(2) = (6S)-6-hydroxyhyoscyamine + CO(2) + succinate.
47999 hyponitrite reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 hydroxylamine + 2 NAD(+) = 2 H(+) + hyponitrous acid + 2 NADH.
48000 isoflavone 3'-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: formononetin + NADPH + O2 = calycosin + NADP+ + H2O.
48001 erythrose-4-phosphate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-erythrose 4-phosphate + H(2)O + NAD(+) = 4-phospho-D-erythronate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
48002 antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen P The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses peptide antigen in association with an MHC protein complex on its cell surface, including proteolysis and transport steps for the peptide antigen both prior to and following assembly with the MHC protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from an endogenous or exogenous protein.
48003 antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib P The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses lipid antigen in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex on its cell surface, including lipid extraction, degradation, and transport steps for the lipid antigen both prior to and following assembly with the MHC protein complex. The lipid antigen may originate from an endogenous or exogenous source of lipid. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the CD1 family.
48006 antigen processing and presentation, endogenous lipid antigen via MHC class Ib P The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses lipid antigen of endogenous origin in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex on its cell surface. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the CD1 family.
48007 antigen processing and presentation, exogenous lipid antigen via MHC class Ib P The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses lipid antigen of exogenous origin in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex on its cell surface. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the CD1 family.
48008 platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a platelet-derived growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
48009 insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the insulin-like growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
48010 vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) located on the surface of the receiving cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
48011 neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a neurotrophin to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses tyrosine kinase activity, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
48012 hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the hepatocyte growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
48013 ephrin receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an ephrin receptor binding to an ephrin.
48014 Tie signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a Tie protein (a receptor) binding to one of its physiological ligands (an angiopoietin).
48015 phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling P A series of molecular signals in which a cell uses a phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling to convert a signal into a response. Phosphatidylinositols include phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) and its phosphorylated derivatives.
48016 inositol phosphate-mediated signaling P Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via an inositol phosphate. Includes production of the inositol phosphate, and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell. Inositol phosphates are a group of mono- to poly-phosphorylated inositols, and include inositol monophosphate (IP), inositol trisphosphate (IP3), inositol pentakisphosphate (IP5) and inositol hexaphosphate (IP6).
48017 inositol lipid-mediated signaling P A series of molecular signals in which a cell uses an inositol-containing lipid to convert a signal into a response. Inositol lipids include the phosphoinositides (phosphatidylinositol and its phosphorylated derivatives), ceramides containing inositol, and inositol glycolipids.
48018 receptor agonist activity F Interacts with receptors such that the proportion of receptors in the active form is increased.
48019 receptor antagonist activity F Interacts with receptors to reduce the action of another ligand, the agonist.
48020 CCR chemokine receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a CCR chemokine receptor.
48021 regulation of melanin biosynthetic process P Any process that alters the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melanin.
48022 negative regulation of melanin biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melanin.
48023 positive regulation of melanin biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melanin.
48024 regulation of mRNA splicing, via spliceosome P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA splicing via a spliceosomal mechanism.
48025 negative regulation of mRNA splicing, via spliceosome P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mRNA splicing via a spliceosomal mechanism.
48026 positive regulation of mRNA splicing, via spliceosome P Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of mRNA splicing via a spliceosomal mechanism.
48027 mRNA 5'-UTR binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the 5' untranslated region of an mRNA molecule.
48028 galacturonan binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any simple or complex galacturonan. Galacturonan is any glycan composed solely of galacturonic acid residues, a specific type of glycuronan, and a constituent of some pectins.
48029 monosaccharide binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any monosaccharide. Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates; they are polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H or polyhydroxy ketones H[CHOH]nC(=O)[CHOH]mH with three or more carbon atoms. They form the constitutional repeating units of oligo- and polysaccharides.
48030 disaccharide binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any disaccharide. Disaccharides are sugars composed of two monosaccharide units.
48031 trisaccharide binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any trisaccharide. Trisaccharides are sugars composed of three monosaccharide units.
48032 galacturonate binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any galacturonate. Galacturonate is the anion of galacturonic acid, the uronic acid formally derived from galactose by oxidation of the hydroxymethylene group at C-6 to a carboxyl group.
48033 heme o metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving heme O, a derivative of heme containing a 17-carbon hydroxyethylfarnesyl side chain at position 8 of the tetrapyrrole macrocycle.
48034 heme O biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme O, a derivative of heme containing a 17-carbon hydroxyethylfarnesyl side chain at position 8 of the tetrapyrrole macrocycle.
48035 heme o catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heme O, a derivative of heme containing a 17-carbon hydroxyethylfarnesyl side chain at position 8 of the tetrapyrrole macrocycle.
48036 central complex development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the central complex over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The central complex region of the insect brain is thought to be crucial for control of locomotive behavior. Located in the middle of the two protocerebral hemispheres, it comprises four neuropilar regions, the fan-shaped body, the ellipsoid body, the protocerebral bridge and the paired noduli.
48037 cofactor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a cofactor, a substance that is required for the activity of an enzyme or other protein. Cofactors may be inorganic, such as the metal atoms zinc, iron, and copper in certain forms, or organic, in which case they are referred to as coenzymes. Cofactors may either be bound tightly to active sites or bind loosely with the substrate.
48038 quinone binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a quinone, any member of a class of diketones derivable from aromatic compounds by conversion of two CH groups into CO groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds.
48039 ubiquinone binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ubiquinone, a quinone derivative with a tail of isoprene units.
48040 UDP-glucuronate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(+) + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = CO(2) + UDP-alpha-D-xylose.
48041 focal adhesion assembly P The aggregation and bonding together of a set of components to form a focal adhesion, a complex of intracellular signaling and structural proteins that provides a structural link between the internal actin cytoskeleton and the ECM, and also function as a locus of signal transduction activity.
48042 regulation of post-mating oviposition P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the deposition of eggs, either fertilized or not, upon a surface or into a medium, following mating.
48045 trans-pentaprenyltranstransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-pentaprenyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = all-trans-hexaprenyl diphosphate + diphosphate.
48046 apoplast C The cell membranes and intracellular regions in a plant are connected through plasmodesmata, and plants may be described as having two major compartments: the living symplast and the non-living apoplast. The apoplast is external to the plasma membrane and includes cell walls, intercellular spaces and the lumen of dead structures such as xylem vessels. Water and solutes pass freely through it.
48047 mating behavior, sex discrimination P The behavior of individuals for the purpose of discriminating between the sexes, for the purpose of finding a suitable mating partner.
48048 embryonic eye morphogenesis P The process occurring in the embryo by which the anatomical structures of the post-embryonic eye are generated and organized.
48050 post-embryonic eye morphogenesis P The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized. The eye is the organ of sight.
48052 R1/R6 cell differentiation P The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire the specialized features of R1 and R6 photoreceptors. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
48053 R1/R6 development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the R1 and R6 pair of photoreceptors in the eye over time, from their formation to the mature structures. R1 and R6 are paired photoreceptors that contribute to the outer rhabdomeres. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
48054 R2/R5 cell differentiation P The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire the specialized features of R2 and R5 photoreceptors. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
48055 R2/R5 development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the R2 and R5 pair of photoreceptors in the eye over time, from their formation to the mature structures. R2 and R5 are paired photoreceptors that contribute to the outer rhabdomeres. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
48056 R3/R4 cell differentiation P The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire the specialized features of R3 and R4 photoreceptors. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
48057 R3/R4 development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the R3 and R4 pair of photoreceptors in the eye over time, from their formation to the mature structures. R3 and R4 are paired photoreceptors that contribute to the outer rhabdomeres. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
48058 compound eye corneal lens development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the corneal lens in the compound eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The corneal lens is a chitinous extracellular secretion of the four underlying cone cells and the pigment cells.
48060 negative gravitaxis P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism away from the source of gravity.
48061 positive gravitaxis P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards the source of gravity.
48065 male courtship behavior, veined wing extension P The process during courtship where the male insect extends his wings. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
48066 developmental pigmentation P The developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism, tissue or cell.
48067 cuticle pigmentation P Establishment of a pattern of pigment in the cuticle of an organism.
48069 eye pigmentation P Establishment of a pattern of pigment in the eye of an organism.
48070 regulation of developmental pigmentation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism.
48071 sex-specific pigmentation P Establishment of a pattern of pigment in one sex that is not observed in the other sex.
48072 compound eye pigmentation P Establishment of a pattern of pigment in the compound eye.
48073 regulation of eye pigmentation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the eye of an organism.
48074 negative regulation of eye pigmentation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the eye of an organism.
48075 positive regulation of eye pigmentation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the eye of an organism.
48076 regulation of compound eye pigmentation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the compound eye.
48077 negative regulation of compound eye pigmentation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the compound eye.
48078 positive regulation of compound eye pigmentation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the compound eye.
48079 regulation of cuticle pigmentation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the cuticle of an organism.
48080 negative regulation of cuticle pigmentation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the cuticle of an organism.
48081 positive regulation of cuticle pigmentation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the cuticle of an organism.
48082 regulation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of the adult pattern of pigmentation in the cuticle of an organism.
48083 negative regulation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of the adult pattern of pigmentation in the cuticle of an organism.
48084 positive regulation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of the adult pattern of pigmentation in the cuticle of an organism.
48085 adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation P Establishment of the adult pattern of pigmentation in the chitin-containing cuticle of an organism. An example of this is the adult cuticle pigmentation process in Drosophila melanogaster.
48086 negative regulation of developmental pigmentation P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism.
48087 positive regulation of developmental pigmentation P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism.
48088 regulation of male pigmentation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in males.
48089 regulation of female pigmentation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in females.
48090 negative regulation of female pigmentation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in females.
48091 positive regulation of female pigmentation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in females.
48092 negative regulation of male pigmentation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in males.
48093 positive regulation of male pigmentation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in males.
48094 male pigmentation P Establishment of a pattern of pigment in males.
48095 female pigmentation P Establishment of a pattern of pigment in females.
48096 chromatin-mediated maintenance of transcription P Maintenance of transcription by remodelling of chromatin into an 'open configuration'. Once established, this regulation is mitotically stable and is maintained over many cell divisions. It is also heritable.
48097 long-term maintenance of gene activation P Any mechanism, at the level of transcription or post-transcription, maintaining gene activation in the long-term.
48098 antennal joint development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the antennal joint over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The antennal joint is the joint between antennal segments.
48099 anterior/posterior lineage restriction, imaginal disc P Formation and/or maintenance of a lineage boundary between anterior and posterior compartments that cells cannot cross, thus separating the populations of cells in each compartment.
48100 wing disc anterior/posterior pattern formation P The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis of the wing disc, a precursor to the wing.
48101 calcium- and calmodulin-regulated 3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: guanosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = guanosine 5'-phosphate. The reaction is calmodulin and calcium-sensitive.
48102 autophagic cell death P A form of programmed cell death that is accompanied by the formation of autophagosomes. Autophagic cell death is characterized by lack of chromatin condensation and massive vacuolization of the cytoplasm, with little or no uptake by phagocytic cells.
48103 somatic stem cell division P The self-renewing division of a somatic stem cell, a stem cell that can give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line.
48104 establishment of body hair or bristle planar orientation P Orientation of hairs or sensory bristles that cover the body surface of an adult, such that they all point in a uniform direction along the plane of the epithelium from which they project.
48105 establishment of body hair planar orientation P Orientation of body hairs, projections from the surface of an organism, such that the hairs all point in a uniform direction along the surface.
48106 establishment of thoracic bristle planar orientation P Orientation along the body surface of bristles, sensory organs originating from a sensory organ precursor cell, such that they all point in a uniform direction.
48107 4-amino-3-isothiazolidinone biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 4-amino-3-isothiazolinone, five-membered saturated heterocyclic ring structures containing a sulfur and a nitrogen in the 1-position and 2-positions respectively.
48108 peptide cross-linking via 4-amino-3-isothiazolidinone P The formation of 4-amino-3-isothiazolinone cross-links by the formation of a sulfenylamide bond between cysteine or cysteine sulfenic acid, and the alpha-amido of the following residue.
48109 peptide cross-linking via 2-amino-3-isothiazolidinone-L-serine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a peptidyl cysteine-peptidyl serine cross-link through a process of forming first an intermediate cysteine sulfenic acid by peroxide oxidation, followed by condensation with the alpha-amido of the following serine residue and the release of water.
48132 female germ-line stem cell asymmetric division P The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell in the female gonad, to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell, which will divide to form the female gametes.
48133 male germ-line stem cell asymmetric division P The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell in the male gonad, to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell, which will divide to form the male gametes.
48134 germ-line cyst formation P Formation of a group of interconnected cells derived from a single gonial founder cell.
48135 female germ-line cyst formation P Formation of a group of interconnected cells derived from a single female gonial founder cell.
48136 male germ-line cyst formation P Formation of a group of interconnected cells derived from a single male gonial founder cell.
48137 spermatocyte division P The meiotic divisions undergone by the primary and secondary spermatocytes to produce haploid spermatids.
48138 germ-line cyst encapsulation P Formation of a single follicular epithelium around the germ-line derived cells of a cyst.
48139 female germ-line cyst encapsulation P Formation of a single follicular epithelium around the germ-line derived cells of a cyst formed in the female gonad.
48140 male germ-line cyst encapsulation P Formation of a single follicular epithelium around the germ-line derived cells of a cyst formed in the male gonad.
48142 germarium-derived cystoblast division P The four rounds of incomplete mitosis undergone by a cystoblast to form a 16-cell cyst of interconnected cells within a germarium. Within the cyst, one cell differentiates into an oocyte while the rest become nurse cells. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
48143 astrocyte activation P A change in morphology and behavior of an astrocyte resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.
48144 fibroblast proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells, resulting in the expansion of the fibroblast population.
48145 regulation of fibroblast proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells.
48146 positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells.
48147 negative regulation of fibroblast proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells.
48148 behavioral response to cocaine P Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a cocaine stimulus.
48149 behavioral response to ethanol P Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of an ethanol stimulus.
48150 behavioral response to ether P Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of an ether stimulus.
48152 S100 beta biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of S100 beta protein. S100 is a small calcium and zinc binding protein produced in astrocytes that is implicated in Alzheimer's disease, Down Syndrome and ALS.
48153 S100 alpha biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of S100 alpha protein. S100 is a small calcium and zinc binding protein produced in astrocytes that is implicated in Alzheimer's disease, Down Syndrome and ALS.
48156 tau protein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with tau protein. tau is a microtubule-associated protein, implicated in Alzheimer's disease, Down Syndrome and ALS.
48158 oogonium stage P The stage in mammalian oogenesis when the primordial germ cell is hardly distinguishable from other cortical cells of the ovary.
48159 primary oocyte stage P The stage in oogenesis when the oocyte has a nucleus slightly larger than those of the adjacent cells and is surrounded by a layer of loose squamous epithelial cells.
48160 primary follicle stage P The stage in oogenesis when a single layer of cuboidal follicle cells surrounds the oocyte. The oocyte nucleus is large.
48161 double layer follicle stage P The stage in oogenesis when a double layer of distinct follicle cells surrounds the oocyte. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.
48162 multi-layer follicle stage P The stage in oogenesis when many layers of follicle cells surround the oocyte. There is a yolk nucleus (Balbiani's Body) near the germinal vesicle.
48163 scattered antral spaces stage P The stage in oogenesis when antral spaces begin to form in the follicle cells. Mitochondria form centers for yolk concentration.
48164 distinct antral spaces stage P The stage in oogenesis when the antral spaces become distinct and the first polar body forms.
48165 fused antrum stage P The stage in oogenesis when the antral spaces fuse to form a single antral space. The oocyte is suspended in the cumulus oophorous and the first polar body in the perivitelline space.
48166 mature follicle stage P The stage in oogenesis when the antrum is swollen with follicular fluid. The ovum is ready to erupt from the ovary and is arrested at metaphase of the second meiotic division.
48167 regulation of synaptic plasticity P A process that modulates synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers.
48168 regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity P A process that modulates neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers.
48169 regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity P A process that modulates long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change long-term as circumstances require. Long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increase or decrease in actual synapse numbers.
48170 positive regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity P A process that increases long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change long-term as circumstances require. Long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increase or decrease in actual synapse numbers.
48171 negative regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity P A process that decreases long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change long-term as circumstances require. Long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increase or decrease in actual synapse numbers.
48172 regulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity P A process that modulates short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change in the short-term as circumstances require. Short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increasing or decreasing synaptic sensitivity.
48173 positive regulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity P A process that increases short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change in the short-term as circumstances require. Short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increasing or decreasing synaptic sensitivity.
48174 negative regulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity P A process that decreases short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change in the short-term as circumstances require. Short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increasing or decreasing synaptic sensitivity.
48175 hepatocyte growth factor biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hepacyte growth factor. Hepatocyte growth factor is a mitogen for a number of cell types and it is found in liver cells and in many other cell types, including platelets.
48176 regulation of hepatocyte growth factor biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hepatocyte growth factor.
48177 positive regulation of hepatocyte growth factor biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hepatocyte growth factor.
48178 negative regulation of hepatocyte growth factor biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hepatocyte growth factor.
48179 activin receptor complex C A protein complex that acts as an activin receptor. Heterodimeric activin receptors, comprising one Type I activin receptor and one Type II receptor polypeptide, and heterotrimeric receptors have been observed.
48180 activin complex C A nonsteroidal regulator, composed of two covalently linked inhibin beta subunits, inhibin beta-A and inhibin beta-B (sometimes known as activin beta or activin/inhibin beta). There are three forms of activin complex, activin A, which is composed of 2 inhibin beta-A subunits, activin B, which is composed of 2 inhibin beta-B subunits, and activin AB, which is composed of an inhibin beta-A and an inhibin beta-B subunit.
48183 activin AB complex C A nonsteroidal regulator, composed of two covalently linked inhibin beta subunits (sometimes known as activin beta or activin/inhibin beta), inhibin beta-A and inhibin beta-B.
48185 activin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with activin, a dimer of inhibin-beta subunits.
48188 Set1C/COMPASS complex C A conserved protein complex that catalyzes methylation of histone H3. In Saccharomyces the complex contains Shg1p, Sdc1p, Swd1p, Swd2p, Swd3p, Spp1p, Bre2p, and the trithorax-related Set1p; in mammals it contains the catalytic subunit (SETD1A or SETD1B), WDR5, WDR82, RBBP5, ASH2L/ASH2, CXXC1/CFP1, HCFC1 and DPY30.
48189 Lid2 complex C A protein complex that is thought to be involved in regulation of chromatin remodeling. In Schizosaccharomyces the complex contains Lid1p, Ash2p, Ecm5p, Snt2p, and Sdc1p.
48190 wing disc dorsal/ventral pattern formation P The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis of the wing disc, a precursor to the adult wing.
48193 Golgi vesicle transport P The directed movement of substances into, out of or within the Golgi apparatus, mediated by vesicles.
48194 Golgi vesicle budding P The evagination of the Golgi membrane, resulting in formation of a vesicle.
48195 Golgi membrane priming complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a membrane priming complex. An incoming coat component recognizes both GTPase and a membrane protein to form the priming complex.
48197 Golgi membrane coat protein complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of priming complexes to form a coat on a Golgi membrane. Priming complexes associate laterally and additional coat proteins are recruited from the cytosol to the forming coat. Cargo proteins diffuse into the budding site and become trapped by their interactions with the coat.
48198 Golgi vesicle bud deformation and release P The process in which cytosolic coat proteins fit together in a basketlike convex framework to form a coated deformed region on the cytoplasmic surface of the membrane. The deformed region forms into a complete vesicle and is released.
48199 vesicle targeting, to, from or within Golgi P The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes during transport to, from or within the Golgi apparatus; mediated by the addition of specific coat proteins, including COPI and COPII proteins and clathrin, to the membrane during vesicle formation.
48200 Golgi transport vesicle coating P The addition of specific coat proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of transport vesicles.
48201 vesicle targeting, plasma membrane to endosome P The process in which vesicles formed at the plasma membrane are directed to specific destinations in endosome membranes, mediated by molecules at the vesicle membrane and target membrane surfaces.
48202 clathrin coating of Golgi vesicle P The addition of clathrin and adaptor proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat.
48203 vesicle targeting, trans-Golgi to endosome P The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes during transport from the trans-Golgi to the endosome.
48204 vesicle targeting, inter-Golgi cisterna P The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes during transport from one Golgi cisterna to another.
48205 COPI coating of Golgi vesicle P The addition of COPI proteins and adaptor proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat.
48206 vesicle targeting, cis-Golgi to rough ER P The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes during transport from the cis-Golgi to the rough ER.
48207 vesicle targeting, rough ER to cis-Golgi P The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes during transport from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the cis-Golgi.
48208 COPII vesicle coating P The addition of COPII proteins and adaptor proteins to ER membranes during the formation of transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat.
48209 regulation of vesicle targeting, to, from or within Golgi P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or destination of vesicle-mediated transport to, from or within the Golgi apparatus.
48210 Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane P The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a Golgi transport vesicle to the target lipid bilayer membrane.
48211 Golgi vesicle docking P The initial attachment of a Golgi transport vesicle membrane to a target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane of the Golgi vesicle and the target membrane.
48212 Golgi vesicle uncoating P The process in which Golgi vesicle coat proteins are depolymerized, and released for reuse.
48213 Golgi vesicle prefusion complex stabilization P The binding of specific proteins to the t-SNARE/v-SNARE/SNAP25 complex, by which the Golgi vesicle prefusion complex is stabilized.
48214 regulation of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane.
48215 positive regulation of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane.
48216 negative regulation of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane.
48217 pectic matrix C The gel-like pectin matrix consists of the interlinked acidic and neutral pectin networks that are further cross-linked by calcium bridges. Pectins consist largely of long chains of mostly galacturonic acid units (typically 1,4 linkages and sometimes methyl esters). Three major pectic polysaccharides (homogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan I and rhamnogalacturonan II) are thought to occur in all primary cell walls.
48219 inter-Golgi cisterna vesicle-mediated transport P The directed movement of substances from one Golgi cisterna to another, mediated by small transport vesicles.
48222 glycoprotein network C An extracellular matrix part that consists of cross-linked glycoproteins.
48223 hemicellulose network C Network composed of hemicelluloses; members of a class of plant cell wall polysaccharide that cannot be extracted from the wall by hot water or chelating agents, but can be extracted by aqueous alkali. Includes xylan, glucuronoxylan, arabinoxylan, arabinogalactan II, glucomannan, xyloglucan and galactomannan.
48224 lignin network C An extracellular matrix part that consists of lignin in the form of a three-dimensional polymeric network. Lignins are complex racemic aromatic heteropolymers derived from a variety of phenylpropane monomers coupled together by an assortment of carbon-carbon and ether linkages. Lignin is crucial for structural integrity of the cell wall and stiffness and strength of the stem. In addition, lignin waterproofs the cell wall, enabling transport of water and solutes through the vascular system, and plays a role in protecting plants against pathogens.
48225 suberin network C An extracellular matrix part that consists of fatty acid-derived polymers, including both aromatic and aliphatic components. The suberin network is found in specialized plant cell walls, where it is laid down between the primary wall and plasma membrane, forms protective and wound-healing layers, and provides a water-impermeable diffusion barrier.
48226 Casparian strip C Region of plant cell wall specialised to act as a seal to prevent back leakage of secreted material (analogous to tight junction between epithelial cells). Found particularly where root parenchymal cells secrete solutes into xylem vessels. The barrier is composed of suberin; a fatty substance, containing long chain fatty acids and fatty esters, also found in the cell walls of cork cells (phellem) in higher plants.
48227 plasma membrane to endosome transport P Transport of a vesicle from the plasma membrane to the endosome.
48229 gametophyte development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gametophyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The gametophyte is the gamete-producing individual or phase in the life cycle having alternation of generations. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
48232 male gamete generation P Generation of the male gamete; specialised haploid cells produced by meiosis and along with a female gamete takes part in sexual reproduction.
48235 pollen sperm cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a haploid sperm cell within the plant gametophyte.
48236 plant-type sporogenesis P The formation of plant spores derived from the products of meiosis. The spore gives rise to gametophytes.
48237 rough endoplasmic reticulum lumen C The volume enclosed by the membranes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
48238 smooth endoplasmic reticulum lumen C The volume enclosed by the membranes of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
48239 negative regulation of DNA recombination at telomere P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of genetic recombination within the telomere.
48240 sperm capacitation P A process required for sperm to reach fertilization competence. Sperm undergo an incompletely understood series of morphological and molecular maturational processes, termed capacitation, involving, among other processes, protein tyrosine phosphorylation and increased intracellular calcium.
48241 epinephrine transport P The directed movement of epinephrine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
48242 epinephrine secretion P The regulated release of epinephrine by a cell. Epinephrine is a catecholamine hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla and a neurotransmitter, released by certain neurons and active in the central nervous system.
48243 norepinephrine secretion P The regulated release of norepinephrine by a cell. Norepinephrine is a catecholamine and it acts as a hormone and as a neurotransmitter of most of the sympathetic nervous system.
48244 phytanoyl-CoA dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + O(2) + phytanoyl-CoA = 2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA + CO(2) + succinate.
48245 eosinophil chemotaxis P The movement of an eosinophil in response to an external stimulus.
48246 macrophage chemotaxis P The movement of a macrophage in response to an external stimulus.
48247 lymphocyte chemotaxis P The directed movement of a lymphocyte in response to an external stimulus.
48248 CXCR3 chemokine receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a the CXCR3 chemokine receptor.
48249 high-affinity phosphate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of phosphate from one side of the membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
48250 mitochondrial iron ion transport P The directed movement of iron ions into, out of or within a mitochondrion.
48251 elastic fiber assembly P Assembly of the extracellular matrix fibers that enables the matrix to recoil after transient stretching.
48252 lauric acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving lauric acid, a fatty acid with the formula CH3(CH2)10COOH. Derived from vegetable sources.
48254 snoRNA localization P Any process in which small nucleolar RNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
48255 mRNA stabilization P Prevention of degradation of mRNA molecules. In the absence of compensating changes in other processes, the slowing of mRNA degradation can result in an overall increase in the population of active mRNA molecules.
48256 flap endonuclease activity F Catalysis of the cleavage of a flap structure in DNA, but not other DNA structures; processes the ends of Okazaki fragments in lagging strand DNA synthesis.
48257 3'-flap endonuclease activity F Catalysis of the cleavage of a 3' flap structure in DNA, but not other DNA structures; processes the 3' ends of Okazaki fragments in lagging strand DNA synthesis.
48258 3-ketoglucose-reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + 3-dehydro-alpha-D-glucose = NADPH + alpha-D-glucose.
48259 regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport.
48260 positive regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport.
48261 negative regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport.
48262 determination of dorsal/ventral asymmetry P Determination of asymmetry from the dorsal to the ventral side; as, the dorsoventral axis.
48263 determination of dorsal identity P Determination of the identity of part of an organism or organ where those parts are of the type that occur in the dorsal region. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
48264 determination of ventral identity P The regionalization process that results in the determination of the identity of part of an organism or organ where those parts are of the type that occur in the ventral region. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
48265 response to pain P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pain stimulus. Pain stimuli cause activation of nociceptors, peripheral receptors for pain, include receptors which are sensitive to painful mechanical stimuli, extreme heat or cold, and chemical stimuli.
48266 behavioral response to pain P Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a pain stimulus. Pain stimuli cause activation of nociceptors, peripheral receptors for pain, include receptors which are sensitive to painful mechanical stimuli, extreme heat or cold, and chemical stimuli.
48268 clathrin coat assembly P The process that results in the assembly of clathrin triskelia into the ordered structure known as a clathrin cage.
48269 methionine adenosyltransferase complex C A multimeric enzyme complex composed of variable numbers of catalytic alpha subunits, and noncatalytic beta subunits. The beta subunits are believed to have a regulatory function. The enzyme complex catalyzes the synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet), which is the major methyl group donor, participating in the methylation of proteins, DNA, RNA, phospholipids, and other small molecules.
48270 methionine adenosyltransferase regulator activity F Modulates the activity of methionine adenosyltransferase.
48273 mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with mitogen-activated protein kinase p38, an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of phosphate from ATP to hydroxyl side chains on proteins in response to mitogen activation.
48275 N-terminal peptidyl-arginine acetylation P The acetylation of the N-terminal arginine of proteins; catalyzed by an uncharacterized arginyl-peptide alpha-N-acetyltransferase.
48278 vesicle docking P The initial attachment of a transport vesicle membrane to the target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane of the vesicle and the target membrane. Docking requires only that the two membranes come close enough for these proteins to interact and adhere.
48279 vesicle fusion with endoplasmic reticulum P The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the endoplasmic reticulum.
48280 vesicle fusion with Golgi apparatus P The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the Golgi.
48281 inflorescence morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of inflorescences are generated and organized. An inflorescence is the part of a seed plant body that is usually above ground and that can bear flowers.
48282 determinate inflorescence morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of determinate inflorescences are generated and organized. A determinate inflorescence is one that can only produce a predetermined number of floral meristems.
48283 indeterminate inflorescence morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of determinate inflorescences are generated and organized. A determinate inflorescence is one that can produce an undefined number of floral meristems.
48284 organelle fusion P The creation of a single organelle from two or more organelles.
48285 organelle fission P The creation of two or more organelles by division of one organelle.
48286 lung alveolus development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the alveolus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The alveolus is a sac for holding air in the lungs; formed by the terminal dilation of air passageways.
48288 nuclear membrane fusion involved in karyogamy P The joining of 2 or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround the nucleus during the creation of a single nucleus from multiple nuclei.
48289 isotype switching to IgE isotypes P The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to IgE biosynthesis, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion between switch regions that reside 5' of the IgM and IgE constant region gene segments in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.
48290 isotype switching to IgA isotypes P The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to biosynthesis of an IgA isotype, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion between switch regions that reside 5' of the IgM and one of the IgA constant region gene segments in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.
48291 isotype switching to IgG isotypes P The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to biosynthesis of an IgG isotype, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion between switch regions that reside 5' of the IgM and one of the IgG constant region gene segments in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.
48292 isotype switching to IgD isotypes P The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to IgD biosynthesis, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion between switch regions that reside 5' of the IgM and IgD constant region gene segments in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.
48293 regulation of isotype switching to IgE isotypes P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgE isotypes.
48294 negative regulation of isotype switching to IgE isotypes P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgE isotypes.
48295 positive regulation of isotype switching to IgE isotypes P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgE isotypes.
48296 regulation of isotype switching to IgA isotypes P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgA isotypes.
48297 negative regulation of isotype switching to IgA isotypes P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgA isotypes.
48298 positive regulation of isotype switching to IgA isotypes P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgA isotypes.
48299 regulation of isotype switching to IgD isotypes P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgD isotypes.
48300 negative regulation of isotype switching to IgD isotypes P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgD isotypes.
48301 positive regulation of isotype switching to IgD isotypes P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgD isotypes.
48302 regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgG isotypes.
48303 negative regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgG isotypes.
48304 positive regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgG isotypes.
48305 immunoglobulin secretion P The regulated release of immunoglobulins from a B cell or plasma cell, whose mechanism includes the use of alternate polyadenylylation signals to favor the biosynthesis of secreted forms of immunoglobulin over membrane-bound immunoglobulin.
48306 calcium-dependent protein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules), in the presence of calcium.
48307 ferredoxin-nitrite reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NH3 + 2 H2O + 6 oxidized ferredoxin = nitrite + 6 reduced ferredoxin + 7 H+.
48308 organelle inheritance P The partitioning of organelles between daughter cells at cell division.
48309 endoplasmic reticulum inheritance P The partitioning of endoplasmic reticulum between daughter cells at cell division.
48310 nucleus inheritance P The partitioning of nuclei between daughter cells at cell division.
48311 mitochondrion distribution P Any process that establishes the spatial arrangement of mitochondria between and within cells.
48312 intracellular distribution of mitochondria P Any process that establishes the spatial arrangement of mitochondria within the cell.
48313 Golgi inheritance P The partitioning of Golgi apparatus between daughter cells at cell division.
48314 embryo sac morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the embryo sac are generated and organized. The embryo sac develops from the megaspore in heterosporous plants.
48315 conidium formation P The process of producing non-motile spores, called conidia, via mitotic asexual reproduction in higher fungi. Conidia are haploid cells genetically identical to their haploid parent. They are produced by conversion of hyphal elements, or are borne on sporogenous cells on or within specialized structures termed conidiophores, and participate in dispersal of the fungus.
48316 seed development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the seed over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A seed is a propagating organ formed in the sexual reproductive cycle of gymnosperms and angiosperms, consisting of a protective coat enclosing an embryo and food reserves.
48317 seed morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the seed are generated and organized.
48318 axial mesoderm development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the axial mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The axial mesoderm includes the prechordal mesoderm and the chordamesoderm. It gives rise to the prechordal plate and to the notochord.
48319 axial mesoderm morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the axial mesoderm are generated and organized.
48320 axial mesoderm formation P The process that gives rise to the axial mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts.
48321 axial mesodermal cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an axial mesoderm cell.
48322 axial mesodermal cell fate commitment P The process in which a cell becomes committed to become an axial mesoderm cell.
48323 axial mesodermal cell fate determination P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an axial mesoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
48324 regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate determination P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axial mesoderm cell fate determination.
48325 negative regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate determination P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axial mesoderm cell fate determination.
48326 positive regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate determination P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axial mesoderm cell fate determination.
48327 axial mesodermal cell fate specification P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an axial mesoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
48328 regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate specification P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axial mesoderm cell fate specification.
48329 negative regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate specification P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axial mesoderm cell fate specification.
48330 positive regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate specification P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axial mesoderm cell fate specification.
48331 axial mesoderm structural organization P The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the axial mesoderm. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.
48332 mesoderm morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesoderm are generated and organized.
48333 mesodermal cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a mesoderm cell.
48334 regulation of mesodermal cell fate determination P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm cell fate determination.
48335 negative regulation of mesodermal cell fate determination P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm cell fate determination.
48336 positive regulation of mesodermal cell fate determination P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm cell fate determination.
48337 positive regulation of mesodermal cell fate specification P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm cell fate specification.
48338 mesoderm structural organization P The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the mesoderm. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.
48339 paraxial mesoderm development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the paraxial mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The paraxial mesoderm is the mesoderm located bilaterally adjacent to the notochord and neural tube.
48340 paraxial mesoderm morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the paraxial mesoderm are generated and organized.
48341 paraxial mesoderm formation P The process that gives rise to the paraxial mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts.
48342 paraxial mesodermal cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a paraxial mesoderm cell.
48343 paraxial mesodermal cell fate commitment P The process in which a cell becomes committed to become a paraxial mesoderm cell.
48344 paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a paraxial mesoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
48345 regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of paraxial mesoderm cell fate determination.
48346 positive regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of paraxial mesoderm cell fate determination.
48347 negative regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of paraxial mesoderm cell fate determination.
48348 paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a paraxial mesoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
48349 regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of paraxial mesoderm cell fate specification.
48350 positive regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of paraxial mesoderm cell fate specification.
48351 negative regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of paraxial mesoderm cell fate specification.
48352 paraxial mesoderm structural organization P The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the paraxial mesoderm. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.
48353 primary endosperm nucleus C Nucleus resulting from the fusion of the male gamete and two polar nuclei in the central cell of the embryo sac.
48354 mucilage biosynthetic process involved in seed coat development P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mucilage that occur as part of seed coat development; mucilage is normally synthesized during seed coat development.
48355 root cap mucilage biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mucilage that occur in the root cap; mucilage is normally synthesized during root growth.
48356 root epithelial mucilage biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mucilage that occur in the root epithelium; mucilage is normally synthesized during root growth.
48357 pedicel mucilage biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mucilage that occur in the flower stem.
48358 mucilage pectin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the pectin component of mucilage.
48359 mucilage metabolic process involved in seed coat development P The chemical reactions and pathways involving mucilage that occur as part of seed coat development; mucilage is normally synthesized during seed coat development.
48360 root cap mucilage metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving mucilage that occur in the root cap; mucilage is normally synthesized during root growth.
48361 root epithelial mucilage metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving mucilage that occur in the root epithelium; mucilage is normally synthesized during root growth.
48362 pedicel mucilage metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving mucilage that occur in the flower stem.
48363 mucilage pectin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving the pectin component of mucilage.
48364 root development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the root over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The root is the water- and mineral-absorbing part of a plant which is usually underground, does not bear leaves, tends to grow downwards and is typically derived from the radicle of the embryo.
48365 Rac GTPase binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with Rac protein, any member of the Rac subfamily of the Ras superfamily of monomeric GTPases.
48366 leaf development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the leaf over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
48367 shoot system development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the shoot system over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
48368 lateral mesoderm development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
48369 lateral mesoderm morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the lateral mesoderm are generated and organized.
48370 lateral mesoderm formation P The process that gives rise to the lateral mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts.
48371 lateral mesodermal cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a lateral mesoderm cell.
48372 lateral mesodermal cell fate commitment P The process in which a cell becomes committed to become a lateral mesoderm cell.
48373 lateral mesodermal cell fate determination P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a lateral mesoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
48374 regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate determination P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lateral mesoderm cell fate determination.
48375 negative regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate determination P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lateral mesoderm cell fate determination.
48376 positive regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate determination P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lateral mesoderm cell fate determination.
48377 lateral mesodermal cell fate specification P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a lateral mesoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
48378 regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate specification P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lateral mesoderm cell fate specification.
48379 positive regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate specification P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lateral mesoderm cell fate specification.
48380 negative regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate specification P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lateral mesoderm cell fate specification.
48381 lateral mesoderm structural organization P The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the lateral mesoderm. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.
48382 mesendoderm development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesendoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In animal embryos, mesendoderm development gives rise to both mesoderm and endoderm tissues.
48383 mesectoderm development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesectoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In animal embryos, mesectoderm development processes give rise to both mesoderm and ectoderm tissues.
48384 retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a retinoic acid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
48385 regulation of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway activity.
48386 positive regulation of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway activity.
48387 negative regulation of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway activity.
48388 endosomal lumen acidification P Any process that reduces the pH of the endosomal lumen, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.
48389 intermediate mesoderm development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the intermediate mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The intermediate mesoderm is located between the lateral mesoderm and the paraxial mesoderm. It develops into the kidney and gonads.
48390 intermediate mesoderm morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the intermediate mesoderm are generated and organized.
48391 intermediate mesoderm formation P The process that gives rise to the intermediate mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts.
48392 intermediate mesodermal cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an intermediate mesoderm cell.
48393 intermediate mesodermal cell fate commitment P The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an intermediate mesoderm cell.
48394 intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a intermediate mesoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
48395 regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate mesoderm cell fate determination.
48396 negative regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate mesoderm cell fate determination.
48397 positive regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate mesoderm cell fate determination.
48398 intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an intermediate mesoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
48399 regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate mesoderm cell fate specification.
48400 positive regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate mesoderm cell fate specification.
48401 negative regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate mesoderm cell fate specification.
48402 intermediate mesoderm structural organization P The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the intermediate mesoderm. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.
48403 brain-derived neurotrophic factor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with brain-derived neurotrophic factor.
48406 nerve growth factor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with nerve growth factor (NGF).
48407 platelet-derived growth factor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with platelet-derived growth factor.
48408 epidermal growth factor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with epidermal growth factor.
48437 floral organ development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the floral organ over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
48438 floral whorl development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a floral whorl over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A floral whorl is a circular arrangement of parts of a flower arising from a stem of a plant.
48439 flower morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the flower are generated and organized.
48440 carpel development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the carpel over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A carpel is an organ (generally believed to be a modified foliar unit) at the centre of a flower, bearing one or more ovules and having its margins fused together or with other carpels to enclose the ovule in an ovary, and consisting also of a stigma and usually a style.
48441 petal development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the petal over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
48442 sepal development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sepal over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
48443 stamen development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stamen over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
48444 floral organ morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the floral organ are generated and organized.
48445 carpel morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the carpel are generated and organized.
48446 petal morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the petal are generated and organized.
48447 sepal morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the sepal are generated and organized.
48448 stamen morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the stamen are generated and organized.
48449 floral organ formation P The process that gives rise to floral organs. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
48450 floral organ structural organization P The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of floral organs. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.
48451 petal formation P The process that gives rise to the petal. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
48452 petal structural organization P The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the petal. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.
48453 sepal formation P The process that gives rise to the sepal. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
48454 sepal structural organization P The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the sepal. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.
48455 stamen formation P The process that contributes to the act of giving rise to the stamen. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
48456 stamen structural organization P The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the stamen. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.
48457 floral whorl morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the floral whorl are generated and organized.
48458 floral whorl formation P The process that gives rise to the floral whorl. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
48459 floral whorl structural organization P The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the floral whorl. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.
48460 flower formation P The process that gives rise to the flower. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
48461 flower structural organization P The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the flower. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.
48462 carpel formation P The process that gives rise to the carpel. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
48463 carpel structural organization P The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the carpel. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.
48464 flower calyx development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the flower calyx over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
48465 corolla development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the corolla over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
48466 androecium development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the androecium over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
48467 gynoecium development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gynoecium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The gynoecium is the collective name for the carpels of a flower.
48468 cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.
48469 cell maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a cell to attain its fully functional state.
48471 perinuclear region of cytoplasm C Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus.
48472 threonine-phosphate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: O-phospho-L-threonine + H(+) = (R)-1-aminopropan-2-yl phosphate + CO(2).
48473 D-methionine transport P The directed movement of D-methionine into, out of, within, or between cells.
48474 D-methionine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of D-methionine from one side of a membrane to the other.
48475 coated membrane C A single or double lipid bilayer with any of several different proteinaceous coats that can associate with membranes. Membrane coats include those formed by clathrin plus an adaptor complex, the COPI and COPII complexes.
48476 Holliday junction resolvase complex C A protein complex that mediates the conversion of a Holliday junction into two separate duplex DNA molecules; the complex includes a single- or multisubunit helicase that catalyzes the extension of heteroduplex DNA by branch migration and a nuclease that resolves the junction by nucleolytic cleavage.
48477 oogenesis P The complete process of formation and maturation of an ovum or female gamete from a primordial female germ cell. Examples of this process are found in Mus musculus and Drosophila melanogaster.
48478 replication fork protection P Any process that prevents the collapse of stalled replication forks.
48479 style development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the style over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The style is an elongated part of a carpel, or group of fused carpels, and it lies between the ovary and the stigma.
48480 stigma development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stigma over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The stigma is the pollen-receptive surface of a carpel or group of fused carpels, usually sticky.
48481 plant ovule development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ovule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ovule is the structure in seed plants enclosing the female gametophyte, and is composed of the nucellus, one or two integuments, and the funiculus; it develops into the seed.
48482 plant ovule morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the ovule are generated and organized. The ovule is the structure in seed plants enclosing the female gametophyte, and is composed of the nucellus, one or two integuments, and the funiculus; it develops into the seed.
48483 autonomic nervous system development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the autonomic nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The autonomic nervous system is composed of neurons that are not under conscious control, and is comprised of two antagonistic components, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The autonomic nervous system regulates key functions including the activity of the cardiac (heart) muscle, smooth muscles (e.g. of the gut), and glands.
48484 enteric nervous system development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the enteric nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The enteric nervous system is composed of two ganglionated neural plexuses in the gut wall which form one of the three major divisions of the autonomic nervous system. The enteric nervous system innervates the gastrointestinal tract, the pancreas, and the gall bladder. It contains sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. Thus the circuitry can autonomously sense the tension and the chemical environment in the gut and regulate blood vessel tone, motility, secretions, and fluid transport. The system is itself governed by the central nervous system and receives both parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation.
48485 sympathetic nervous system development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sympathetic nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sympathetic nervous system is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system (the other being the parasympathetic nervous system). The sympathetic preganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord and connect to the paravertebral chain of sympathetic ganglia. Innervate heart and blood vessels, sweat glands, viscera and the adrenal medulla. Most sympathetic neurons, but not all, use noradrenaline as a post-ganglionic neurotransmitter.
48486 parasympathetic nervous system development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the parasympathetic nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The parasympathetic nervous system is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system. Parasympathetic nerves emerge cranially as pre ganglionic fibers from oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus and from the sacral region of the spinal cord. Most neurons are cholinergic and responses are mediated by muscarinic receptors. The parasympathetic system innervates, for example: salivary glands, thoracic and abdominal viscera, bladder and genitalia.
48487 beta-tubulin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the microtubule constituent protein beta-tubulin.
48488 synaptic vesicle endocytosis P Clathrin-mediated endocytosis of presynaptic membrane that recycles synaptic vesicle membrane and its components following synaptic vesicle exocytosis. This process starts with coating of the membrane with adaptor proteins and clathrin prior to invagination and ends when uncoating has finished.
48489 synaptic vesicle transport P The directed movement of synaptic vesicles.
48490 anterograde synaptic vesicle transport P The directed movement of synaptic vesicle along axonal microtubules from the cell body to the presynapse.
48491 retrograde synaptic vesicle transport P The directed movement of synaptic vesicle along axonal microtubules from the presynapse to the cell body.
48492 ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase complex C A complex containing either both large and small subunits or just small subunits which carries out the activity of producing 3-phosphoglycerate from carbon dioxide and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate.
48493 plasma membrane-derived thylakoid ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase complex C A complex, located in the plasma membrane-derived thylakoid, containing either both large and small subunits or just small subunits. It carries out the activity of producing 3-phosphoglycerate from carbon dioxide and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate.
48494 chromatophore ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase complex C A complex, located in the chromatophore, containing either both large and small subunits or just small subunits which carries out the activity of producing 3-phosphoglycerate from carbon dioxide and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate.
48495 Roundabout binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the Roundabout (ROBO) receptor, a transmembrane receptor.
48496 maintenance of animal organ identity P The process in which the identity of an animal organ is maintained. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
48497 maintenance of floral organ identity P The process in which the identity of a floral organ is maintained. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
48498 establishment of petal orientation P The process that determines the orientation of petals with reference to the central axis.
48499 synaptic vesicle membrane organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the membrane surrounding a synaptic vesicle.
48500 signal recognition particle C A complex of protein and RNA which facilitates translocation of proteins across membranes.
48501 signal recognition particle, plasma membrane targeting C A complex consisting of a protein and RNA component which binds the signal sequence of some proteins and facilitates their export to or across the plasma membrane.
48502 thiamine-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + thiamine(out) = ADP + phosphate + thiamine(in).
48504 regulation of timing of animal organ formation P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of animal organ formation at a consistent predetermined time point during development.
48505 regulation of timing of cell differentiation P The process controlling the activation and/or rate at which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized features. Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the XXX at a consistent predetermined time point during its development.
48506 regulation of timing of meristematic phase transition P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a change in identity of a meristem at a characteristic predetermined time point.
48507 meristem development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the meristem over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
48508 embryonic meristem development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryonic meristem over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
48509 regulation of meristem development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meristem development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the meristem over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
48510 regulation of timing of transition from vegetative to reproductive phase P The process controlling the point in time during development when a vegetative meristem will change its identity to become an inflorescence or floral meristem, and/or the rate at which the change occurs.
48511 rhythmic process P Any process pertinent to the generation and maintenance of rhythms in the physiology of an organism.
48512 circadian behavior P The specific behavior of an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.
48513 animal organ development P Development of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.
48514 blood vessel morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of blood vessels are generated and organized. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood.
48515 spermatid differentiation P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spermatid over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
48518 positive regulation of biological process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule.
48519 negative regulation of biological process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule.
48520 positive regulation of behavior P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli.
48521 negative regulation of behavior P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli.
48522 positive regulation of cellular process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.
48523 negative regulation of cellular process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.
48524 positive regulation of viral process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process in which a virus is a participant.
48525 negative regulation of viral process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process in which a virus is a participant.
48526 imaginal disc-derived wing expansion P The process of expanding or inflating the folded imaginal disc-derived pupal wing, and the adhering of the dorsal and ventral surfaces, to form the mature adult wing.
48527 lateral root development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral root over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A lateral root is one formed from pericycle cells located on the xylem radius of the root, as opposed to the initiation of the main root from the embryo proper.
48528 post-embryonic root development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the post-embryonic root over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
48529 magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (oxidative) cyclase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: magnesium protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + 3 NADPH + 3 H+ + 3 O2 = divinylprotochlorophyllide + 3 NADP+ + 5 H2O.
48530 fruit morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of a fruit are generated and organized. A fruit is a reproductive body of a seed plant.
48531 beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a galactose residue from a donor molecule to an oligosaccharide, forming a beta-1,3-linkage.
48532 anatomical structure arrangement P The process that gives rise to the configuration of the constituent parts of an anatomical structure. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.
48533 sporocyte differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized floral cell acquires the specialized features of a sporocyte. Sporocytes are the haploid spores of angiosperms. Once formed, they undergo meiotic divisions to form microspores and megaspores.
48534 hematopoietic or lymphoid organ development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of any organ involved in hematopoiesis (also known as hemopoiesis) or lymphoid cell activation over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Such development includes differentiation of resident cell types (stromal cells) and of migratory cell types dependent on the unique microenvironment afforded by the organ for their proper differentiation.
48535 lymph node development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of lymph nodes over time, from their formation to the mature structure. A lymph node is a round, oval, or bean shaped structure localized in clusters along the lymphatic vessels, with a distinct internal structure including specialized vasculature and B- and T-zones for the activation of lymphocytes.
48536 spleen development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the spleen over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The spleen is a large vascular lymphatic organ composed of white and red pulp, involved both in hemopoietic and immune system functions.
48537 mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue is typically found as nodules associated with mucosal epithelia with distinct internal structures including B- and T-zones for the activation of lymphocytes.
48538 thymus development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the thymus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The thymus is a symmetric bi-lobed organ involved primarily in the differentiation of immature to mature T cells, with unique vascular, nervous, epithelial, and lymphoid cell components.
48539 bone marrow development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the bone marrow over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
48540 bursa of Fabricius development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the bursa of Fabricius over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The bursa of Fabricius is an organ found in birds involved in B cell differentiation.
48541 Peyer's patch development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of Peyer's patches over time, from their formation to the mature structure. Peyer's patches are typically found as nodules associated with gut epithelium with distinct internal structures including B- and T-zones for the activation of lymphocytes.
48542 lymph gland development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lymph gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lymph gland is one of the sites of hemocyte differentiation. It consists of three to six bilaterally paired lobes that are attached to the cardioblasts during larval stages, and it degenerates during pupal stages.
48543 phytochrome chromophore biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the phytochrome chromophore. The phytochrome chromophore is a linear tetrapyrrolic prosthetic group covalently attached to the large soluble protein phytochrome. Light absorption by the phytochrome chromophore triggers photoconversion between two spectrally distinct forms of the photoreceptor: Pr, the red light absorbing form, and Pfr, the far red light absorbing form.
48544 recognition of pollen P The process, involving the sharing and interaction of the single locus incompatibility haplotypes, involved in the recognition or rejection of the self pollen by cells in the stigma. This process ensures out-breeding in certain plant species.
48545 response to steroid hormone P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a steroid hormone stimulus.
48546 digestive tract morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the digestive tract are generated and organized. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed.
48548 regulation of pinocytosis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pinocytosis. Pinocytosis is the process in which cells take in liquid material from their external environment; literally 'cell drinking'. Liquid is enclosed in vesicles, formed by invagination of the plasma membrane. These vesicles then move into the cell and pass their contents to endosomes.
48549 positive regulation of pinocytosis P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of pinocytosis. Pinocytosis is the process in which cells take in liquid material from their external environment; literally 'cell drinking'. Liquid is enclosed in vesicles, formed by invagination of the plasma membrane. These vesicles then move into the cell and pass their contents to endosomes.
48550 negative regulation of pinocytosis P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pinocytosis. Pinocytosis is the process in which cells take in liquid material from their external environment; literally 'cell drinking'. Liquid is enclosed in vesicles, formed by invagination of the plasma membrane. These vesicles then move into the cell and pass their contents to endosomes.
48555 generative cell nucleus C The nucleus of the generative cell, a cell contained within the pollen grain that will divide to produce two haploid sperm cells.
48556 microsporocyte nucleus C The nucleus of the microsporocyte. The microsporocyte is a diploid cell in which meiosis will occur, resulting in four microspores. A microspore is a spore that, in vascular plants, gives rise to a male gametophyte.
48557 embryonic digestive tract morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the digestive tract are generated and organized during embryonic development. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed.
48559 establishment of floral organ orientation P The process that determines the orientation of the floral organs with reference to the central axis of the flower.
48560 establishment of anatomical structure orientation P The process that determines the orientation of an anatomical structure with reference to an axis.
48561 establishment of animal organ orientation P The process that determines the orientation of an animal organ or tissue with reference to an axis.
48562 embryonic organ morphogenesis P Morphogenesis, during the embryonic phase, of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.
48563 post-embryonic animal organ morphogenesis P Morphogenesis, during the post-embryonic phase, of an animal tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis pertains to process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.
48564 photosystem I assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a photosystem I complex on the thylakoid membrane.
48565 digestive tract development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive tract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed.
48566 embryonic digestive tract development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gut over time, from its formation to the mature structure during embryonic development. The gut is the region of the digestive tract extending from the beginning of the intestines to the anus.
48567 ectodermal digestive tract morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the ectodermal digestive tract are generated and organized. The ectodermal digestive tract includes those portions of the digestive tract that are derived from ectoderm.
48568 embryonic organ development P Development, taking place during the embryonic phase, of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.
48569 post-embryonic animal organ development P Development, taking place during the post-embryonic phase of an animal tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.
48570 notochord morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the notochord are generated and organized. The notochord is a mesoderm-derived structure located ventral of the developing nerve cord. In vertebrates, the notochord serves as a core around which other mesodermal cells form the vertebrae. In the most primitive chordates, which lack vertebrae, the notochord persists as a substitute for a vertebral column.
48571 long-day photoperiodism P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a day length that exceeds a particular duration known as the 'critical day length'. The critical day length varies between species. Although the term long-day is used, most species actually respond to the duration of the night, so that the response will occur when a period of darkness falls short of the number of hours defined by 24 hours minus the critical day length.
48572 short-day photoperiodism P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a day length that falls short of a particular duration known as the 'critical day length'. The critical day length varies between species. Although the term short-day is used, most species actually respond to the duration of the night, so that the response will occur when a period of darkness exceeds the number of hours defined by 24 hours minus the critical day length.
48573 photoperiodism, flowering P A change from the vegetative to the reproductive phase as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a period of light or dark of a given length. The length of the period of light or dark required to initiate the change is set relative to a particular duration known as the 'critical day length'. The critical day length varies between species.
48574 long-day photoperiodism, flowering P A change from the vegetative to the reproductive phase as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a period of light that exceeds the critical day length. The critical day length varies between species. Although the term is long-day is used, most species actually respond to the duration of the night, so that the response will occur when a period of darkness falls short of the number of hours defined by 24 minus the critical day length.
48575 short-day photoperiodism, flowering P A change from vegetative to reproductive phase as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a period of light that falls short of the critical day length. The critical day length varies between species. Although the term is short-day is used, most species actually respond to the duration of the night, so that the response will occur when a period of darkness exceeds the number of hours defined by 24 minus the critical day length.
48576 positive regulation of short-day photoperiodism, flowering P Any process that activates, maintains or increases short-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase.
48577 negative regulation of short-day photoperiodism, flowering P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces short-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase.
48578 positive regulation of long-day photoperiodism, flowering P Any process that activates, maintains or increases long-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase.
48579 negative regulation of long-day photoperiodism, flowering P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces long-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase.
48580 regulation of post-embryonic development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of post-embryonic development. Post-embryonic development is defined as the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure.
48581 negative regulation of post-embryonic development P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of post-embryonic development. Post-embryonic development is defined as the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure.
48582 positive regulation of post-embryonic development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of post-embryonic development. Post-embryonic development is defined as the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure.
48583 regulation of response to stimulus P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus.
48584 positive regulation of response to stimulus P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus.
48585 negative regulation of response to stimulus P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus.
48586 regulation of long-day photoperiodism, flowering P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of long-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase.
48587 regulation of short-day photoperiodism, flowering P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of short-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase.
48588 developmental cell growth P The growth of a cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from one condition to another.
48589 developmental growth P The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell, where the increase in size or mass has the specific outcome of the progression of the organism over time from one condition to another.
48592 eye morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized.
48593 camera-type eye morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized. The camera-type eye is an organ of sight that receives light through an aperture and focuses it through a lens, projecting it on a photoreceptor field.
48596 embryonic camera-type eye morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized during embryonic development.
48597 post-embryonic camera-type eye morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized during post-embryonic development.
48598 embryonic morphogenesis P The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. The embryonic phase begins with zygote formation. The end of the embryonic phase is organism-specific. For example, it would be at birth for mammals, larval hatching for insects and seed dormancy in plants.
48599 oocyte development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
48600 oocyte fate commitment P The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an oocyte.
48601 oocyte morphogenesis P The process in which the structures of an oocyte are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of an oocyte.
48608 reproductive structure development P The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of structures that will be used in the process of creating new individuals from one or more parents, from their formation to the mature structures.
48609 multicellular organismal reproductive process P The process, occurring above the cellular level, that is pertinent to the reproductive function of a multicellular organism. This includes the integrated processes at the level of tissues and organs.
48611 embryonic ectodermal digestive tract development P The process, occurring during the embryonic phase, whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectodermal gut over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
48612 post-embryonic ectodermal digestive tract development P The process, occurring during the post-embryonic phase, whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectodermal gut over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
48613 embryonic ectodermal digestive tract morphogenesis P The process, occurring during the embryonic phase, by which the anatomical structures of the ectodermal digestive tract are generated and organized.
48614 post-embryonic ectodermal digestive tract morphogenesis P The process, occurring during the post-embryonic phase, by which the anatomical structures of the ectodermal gut are generated and organized.
48615 embryonic anterior midgut (ectodermal) morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the anterior midgut (ectodermal) are generated and organized, during the embryonic phase.
48616 post-embryonic anterior midgut (ectodermal) morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the anterior midgut (ectodermal) are generated and organized, during the post-embryonic phase.
48617 embryonic foregut morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the foregut are generated and organized, during the embryonic phase.
48618 post-embryonic foregut morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the foregut are generated and organized, during the post-embryonic phase.
48619 embryonic hindgut morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the hindgut are generated and organized, during the embryonic phase.
48620 post-embryonic hindgut morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the hindgut are generated and organized, during the post-embryonic phase.
48621 post-embryonic digestive tract morphogenesis P The process, occurring during the post-embryonic phase, by which the anatomical structures of the digestive tract are generated and organized. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed.
48623 seed germination on parent plant P The process in which a seed germinates before being shed from the parent plant.
48624 plantlet formation on parent plant P The process in which a new plantlet develops from a meristem on the plant body. As part of this process, when the plantlet is large enough to live independently, the physical connection between the new plantlet and the main plant is severed.
48625 myoblast fate commitment P The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a myoblast. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
48626 myoblast fate specification P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a myoblast in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
48627 myoblast development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myoblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
48628 myoblast maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a myoblast to attain its fully functional state. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
48629 trichome patterning P The regionalization process of establishing the non-random spatial arrangement of trichomes on the surface and margin of a leaf. Process involves signaling between adjacent epidermal cells that results in differentiation of some epidermal cells into trichomes.
48630 skeletal muscle tissue growth P The increase in size or mass of a skeletal muscle. This may be due to a change in the fiber number or size.
48631 regulation of skeletal muscle tissue growth P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle growth.
48632 negative regulation of skeletal muscle tissue growth P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle growth.
48633 positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue growth P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of skeletal muscle growth.
48634 regulation of muscle organ development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle development.
48635 negative regulation of muscle organ development P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle development.
48636 positive regulation of muscle organ development P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of muscle development.
48638 regulation of developmental growth P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of developmental growth.
48639 positive regulation of developmental growth P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of developmental growth.
48640 negative regulation of developmental growth P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of developmental growth.
48641 regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle tissue development.
48642 negative regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle tissue development.
48643 positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of skeletal muscle tissue development.
48644 muscle organ morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of muscle are generated and organized.
48645 animal organ formation P The process pertaining to the initial formation of an animal organ from unspecified parts. The process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure, such as inductive events, and ends when the structural rudiment of the organ is recognizable, such as a condensation of mesenchymal cells into the organ rudiment. Organs are a natural part or structure in an animal or a plant, capable of performing some special action (termed its function), which is essential to the life or well-being of the whole. The heart and lungs are organs of animals, and the petal and leaf are organs of plants. In animals the organs are generally made up of several tissues, one of which usually predominates, and determines the principal function of the organ.
48646 anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an anatomical structure from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.
48647 polyphenic determination P The process in which individuals that have the potential to develop any of several possible distinct developmental paths have their individual developmental fates determined in response to environmental and/or genetic cues.
48648 caste determination P The process in which individuals, having the potential to develop any of several distinct developmental paths, have their individual developmental fate determined in response to environmental and/or genetic cues. Individuals with distinct developmental fates perform different functions in a colony of social insects.
48649 caste determination, influence by genetic factors P The process in which individuals, having the potential to develop any of several distinct developmental paths, have their individual developmental fate determined in response to genetic cues. Individuals with distinct developmental fates perform different functions in a colony of social insects.
48650 caste determination, influence by environmental factors P The process in which individuals, having the potential to develop any of several distinct developmental paths, have their individual developmental fate determined in response to environmental cues. Individuals with distinct developmental fates perform different functions in a colony of social insects.
48651 polyphenic determination, influence by environmental factors P The process in which individuals that have the potential to develop any of several possible distinct developmental paths have their individual developmental fates determined in response to environmental cues.
48652 polyphenic determination, influence by genetic factors P The process in which individuals that have the potential to develop any of several possible distinct developmental paths have their individual developmental fates determined in response to genetic cues.
48653 anther development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anther over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
48654 anther morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the anther are generated and organized.
48655 anther wall tapetum morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the anther wall tapetum are generated and organized. The anther wall tapetum is a layer of cells that provides a source of nutrition for the pollen grains as they mature.
48656 anther wall tapetum formation P The process that gives rise to the anther wall tapetum. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The anther wall tapetum is a layer of cells that provides a source of nutrition for the pollen grains as they mature.
48657 anther wall tapetum cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an anther cell wall tapetum cell. The tapetum is a layer of cells that provides a source of nutrition for the pollen grains as they mature.
48658 anther wall tapetum development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anther wall tapetum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
48659 smooth muscle cell proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of smooth muscle cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
48660 regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation.
48661 positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation.
48662 negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation.
48663 neuron fate commitment P The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a neuron.
48664 neuron fate determination P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neuron regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
48665 neuron fate specification P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
48666 neuron development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
48667 cell morphogenesis involved in neuron differentiation P The process in which the structures of a neuron are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a neuron.
48668 collateral sprouting P The process in which outgrowths develop from the shafts of existing axons.
48669 collateral sprouting in absence of injury P The process in which outgrowths develop from the axons of intact undamaged neurons.
48670 regulation of collateral sprouting P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting.
48671 negative regulation of collateral sprouting P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting.
48672 positive regulation of collateral sprouting P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting.
48673 collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury P The process in which outgrowths develop from the axons of intact undamaged neurons as a result of injury to an axon. The collateral sprouts typically appear from undamaged axons in a tissue which has had part of its nerve supply removed, and they can often innervate successfully any cells that have lost some or all of their original synaptic input.
48674 collateral sprouting of injured axon P The process resulting in reformation of a growth cone by the tip of an injured axon, or in collateral sprouting of the axon. Collateral sprouting is the process in which outgrowths develop from the shafts of existing axons.
48675 axon extension P Long distance growth of a single axon process involved in cellular development.
48677 axon extension involved in regeneration P Long distance growth of a single axon process involved in regeneration of the neuron.
48678 response to axon injury P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an axon injury stimulus.
48679 regulation of axon regeneration P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axon regeneration.
48680 positive regulation of axon regeneration P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of axon regeneration.
48681 negative regulation of axon regeneration P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon regeneration.
48682 sprouting of injured axon P The process involved in sprouting of an injured axon.
48683 regulation of collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting of an intact axon as a result of injury to an axon.
48684 positive regulation of collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of collateral sprouting of an intact axon as a result of injury to an axon.
48685 negative regulation of collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting of an intact axon as a result of injury to an axon.
48686 regulation of sprouting of injured axon P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sprouting of an injured axon.
48687 positive regulation of sprouting of injured axon P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of sprouting of an injured axon.
48688 negative regulation of sprouting of injured axon P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sprouting of an injured axon.
48689 formation of growth cone in injured axon P The formation of a growth cone in an injured axon.
48690 regulation of axon extension involved in regeneration P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in regeneration.
48691 positive regulation of axon extension involved in regeneration P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of axon extension involved in regeneration.
48692 negative regulation of axon extension involved in regeneration P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in regeneration.
48693 regulation of collateral sprouting of injured axon P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting of an injured axon.
48694 positive regulation of collateral sprouting of injured axon P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of collateral sprouting of an injured axon.
48695 negative regulation of collateral sprouting of injured axon P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting of an injured axon.
48696 regulation of collateral sprouting in absence of injury P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury.
48697 positive regulation of collateral sprouting in absence of injury P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury.
48698 negative regulation of collateral sprouting in absence of injury P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury.
48699 generation of neurons P The process in which nerve cells are generated. This includes the production of neuroblasts and their differentiation into neurons.
48700 acquisition of desiccation tolerance in seed P The process in which a seed acquires tolerance to severe drying, before entering into a dry, either dormant or quiescent state.
48701 embryonic cranial skeleton morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the cranial skeleton are generated and organized during the embryonic phase.
48702 embryonic neurocranium morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the neurocranium are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. The neurocranium is the portion of the vertebrate skull surrounding the brain.
48703 embryonic viscerocranium morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the viscerocranium are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. The viscerocranium is the part of the skull comprising the facial bones.
48704 embryonic skeletal system morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the skeleton are generated and organized during the embryonic phase.
48705 skeletal system morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the skeleton are generated and organized.
48706 embryonic skeletal system development P The process, occurring during the embryonic phase, whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
48707 instar larval or pupal morphogenesis P The process, occurring during instar larval or pupal development, by which anatomical structures are generated and organized.
48708 astrocyte differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an astrocyte. An astrocyte is the most abundant type of glial cell. Astrocytes provide support for neurons and regulate the environment in which they function.
48709 oligodendrocyte differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an oligodendrocyte. An oligodendrocyte is a type of glial cell involved in myelinating the axons of neurons in the central nervous system.
48710 regulation of astrocyte differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte differentiation.
48711 positive regulation of astrocyte differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte differentiation.
48712 negative regulation of astrocyte differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte differentiation.
48713 regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte differentiation.
48714 positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte differentiation.
48715 negative regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte differentiation.
48716 labrum morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of labrum are generated and organized.
48717 anterior cibarial plate morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the anterior cibarial plate are generated and organized.
48718 cibarial fish-trap bristle morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of a cibarial fish-trap bristle are generated and organized. A cibarial fish-trap bristle is a sensory bristle on the anterior plate of the cibarium.
48719 epistomal sclerite morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the epistomal sclerite are generated and organized.
48720 posterior cibarial plate morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the posterior cibarial plate are generated and organized.
48721 clypeus morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the clypeus are generated and organized.
48722 anterior cibarial plate development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior cibarial plate over time, from their formation to the mature structure.
48723 clypeus development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the clypeus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The clypeus is the shield-shaped plate on an insect's head.
48724 epistomal sclerite development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the epistomal sclerite over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
48725 cibarial fish-trap bristle development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cibarial fish-trap bristle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cibarial fish-trap bristle is a sensory bristle on the anterior plate of the cibarium.
48726 labrum development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the labrum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
48727 posterior cibarial plate development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior cibarial plate over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
48728 proboscis development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the proboscis over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
48729 tissue morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of a tissue are generated and organized.
48730 epidermis morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the epidermis are generated and organized. The epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species.
48731 system development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process.
48732 gland development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A gland is an organ specialised for secretion.
48733 sebaceous gland development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sebaceous gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
48734 proboscis morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the proboscis are generated and organized. The proboscis is the trunk-like extension of the mouthparts on the adult head.
48735 haltere morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of a haltere are generated and organized.
48736 appendage development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an appendage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism, such as a limb or a branch.
48737 imaginal disc-derived appendage development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an appendage over time, from its formation in the imaginal disc to the mature structure. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism.
48738 cardiac muscle tissue development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
48739 cardiac muscle fiber development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac muscle fiber over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
48741 skeletal muscle fiber development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeletal muscle fiber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast.
48742 regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle fiber development. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast.
48743 positive regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of skeletal muscle fiber development. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast.
48744 negative regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle fiber development. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast.
48745 smooth muscle tissue development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of smooth muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
48747 muscle fiber development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the muscle fiber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In skeletal muscle, fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast.
48749 compound eye development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the compound eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The compound eye is an organ of sight that contains multiple repeating units, often arranged hexagonally. Each unit has its own lens and photoreceptor cell(s) and can generate either a single pixelated image or multiple images, per eye.
48750 compound eye corneal lens morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the compound eye corneal lens are generated and organized.
48752 semicircular canal morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the semicircular canals are generated and organized.
48753 pigment granule organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a pigment granule.
48754 branching morphogenesis of an epithelial tube P The process in which the anatomical structures of branches in an epithelial tube are generated and organized. A tube is a long hollow cylinder.
48755 branching morphogenesis of a nerve P The process in which the anatomical structures of branches in a nerve are generated and organized. This term refers to an anatomical structure (nerve) not a cell (neuron).
48756 sieve cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a sieve cell. A sieve cell is a type of sieve element that has relatively undifferentiated sieve areas (with narrow pores). The sieve areas are rather uniform in structure on all walls; that is, there are no sieve plates. Typical of gymnosperms and lower vascular plants. The sieve element is the cell in the phloem tissue concerned with mainly longitudinal conduction of food materials.
48757 pigment granule maturation P Steps required to form a membrane-bounded organelle into a pigment granule containing pigment. Maturation is a developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a cell or structure to attain its fully functional state.
48758 companion cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a companion cell. The companion cell is the specialized parenchyma cell associated with a sieve-tube member in angiosperm phloem and arising from the same mother cell as the sieve-tube member.
48759 xylem vessel member cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a vessel member cell. A vessel member cell is one of the components of a vessel in the xylem. It is a dead cell with the wall between adjacent members being variously perforated and the walls that persist variously thickened.
48760 plant parenchymal cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a parenchymal cell. Parenchymal cells are the most abundant and versatile cells in plants. They have very few distinguishing characteristics and botanists classify them as any cell type that cannot be assigned to any other structural or functional class. They can redifferentiate and dedifferentiate and are involved in storage, basic metabolism and other processes. The cells are polyhedral, typically with thin, non-lignified cellulose cell walls and nucleate living protoplasm. They vary in size, form, and wall structure.
48761 collenchyma cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a collenchyma cell. This is a plant cell in which the primary cell walls are unevenly thickened, with most thickening occurring at the cell corners. Cells are living and able to grow, they are elongated, and lignin and secondary walls absent. Collenchyma cells make up collenchyma tissue which acts as a supporting tissue in growing shoots, leaves and petioles. This tissue is often arranged in cortical ribs, as seen prominently in celery and rhubarb petioles.
48762 mesenchymal cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal cell. A mesenchymal cell is a loosely associated cell that is part of the connective tissue in an organism. Mesenchymal cells give rise to more mature connective tissue cell types.
48763 calcium-induced calcium release activity F Enables transmembrane transfer of calcium ions from an intracellular store to the cytosol on induction by increased calcium concentration.
48764 trichoblast maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a trichoblast cell to attain its fully functional state.
48765 root hair cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a root hair cell.
48766 root hair initiation P The process in which a protrusion or bulge is formed at the site of plant root hair outgrowth.
48767 root hair elongation P The process in which the root hair grows longer.
48768 root hair cell tip growth P Localized growth of a plant root hair tip by extension of the cell wall.
48769 sarcomerogenesis P The process in which sarcomeres are added in series within a fiber.
48770 pigment granule C A small, subcellular membrane-bounded vesicle containing pigment and/or pigment precursor molecules. Pigment granule biogenesis is poorly understood, as pigment granules are derived from multiple sources including the endoplasmic reticulum, coated vesicles, lysosomes, and endosomes.
48771 tissue remodeling P The reorganization or renovation of existing tissues. This process can either change the characteristics of a tissue such as in blood vessel remodeling, or result in the dynamic equilibrium of a tissue such as in bone remodeling.
48772 leucophore differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a leucophore cell. Leucophores are pigment cells derived from the neural crest. They contain uric acid or other purine crystals, deposited in stacks called leucosomes. This gives them a white appearance.
48773 erythrophore differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an erythrophore cell. Erythrophores are pigment cells derived from the neural crest. They contain pteridine and/or carotenoid pigments in structures called pterinosomes or erythrosomes. This gives them an orange to red appearance.
48774 cyanophore differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a cyanophore cell. Cyanophores are pigment cells derived from the neural crest. They contain a blue pigment of unknown chemical composition. The pigment is stored in fibrous organelles termed cyanosomes.
48775 regulation of leucophore differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leucophore differentiation.
48776 negative regulation of leucophore differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leucophore differentiation.
48777 positive regulation of leucophore differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leucophore differentiation.
48778 regulation of erythrophore differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of erythrophore differentiation.
48779 negative regulation of erythrophore differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of erythrophore differentiation.
48780 positive regulation of erythrophore differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of erythrophore differentiation.
48781 regulation of cyanophore differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cyanophore differentiation.
48782 negative regulation of cyanophore differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cyanophore differentiation.
48783 positive regulation of cyanophore differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cyanophore differentiation.
48784 pigment biosynthetic process involved in pigment granule maturation P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pigment, contributing to the process in which a membrane-bounded organelle develops into a pigment granule. Maturation is a developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a cell or structure to attain its fully functional state.
48785 hatching gland development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hatching gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cells of the hatching gland contain enzymes responsible for solubilization of the egg chorion, facilitating the hatching process.
48786 presynaptic active zone C A specialized region of the plasma membrane and cell cortex of a presynaptic neuron; encompasses a region of the plasma membrane where synaptic vesicles dock and fuse, and a specialized cortical cytoskeletal matrix.
48787 presynaptic active zone membrane C The membrane portion of the presynaptic active zone; it is the site where docking and fusion of synaptic vesicles occurs for the release of neurotransmitters.
48788 cytoskeleton of presynaptic active zone C The specialized cytoskeletal matrix of the presynaptic active zone. It has specialized functions in organizing synaptic events such as immobilisation or translocation of synaptic vesicles, and assembling active zone components. It is believed to form a molecular scaffold that organizes neurotransmitter release sites.
48789 cytoskeletal matrix organization at active zone P The assembly and arrangement of cytomatrix proteins to form complexes in the cell cortex beneath the active zone, i.e. just beneath the presynaptic plasma membrane.
48790 maintenance of presynaptic active zone structure P A process which maintains the organization and the arrangement of proteins at the active zone to ensure the fusion and docking of vesicles and the release of neurotransmitters.
48791 calcium ion-regulated exocytosis of neurotransmitter P The release of a neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft by exocytosis of synaptic vesicles, where the release step is dependent on a rise in cytosolic calcium ion levels.
48792 spontaneous exocytosis of neurotransmitter P The release of a neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft, where the release step is independent of the presence of calcium ions (Ca2+). The neurotransmitter is contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle, and is released by fusion of the vesicle with the presynaptic plasma membrane of a nerve cell.
48793 pronephros development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pronephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the pronephros is the first of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the pronephros is the fully functional embryonic kidney and is indispensable for larval life.
48794 swim bladder development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the swim bladder over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The swim bladder is used by some fishes to maintain buoyancy and may function in addition as a sound producing organ, a sound receptor, and a respiratory organ.
48795 swim bladder morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structure of the swim bladder is generated and organized. The swim bladder is used by some fishes to maintain buoyancy and may function in addition as a sound producing organ, a sound receptor, and a respiratory organ.
48796 swim bladder maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a swim bladder to attain its fully functional state. The swim bladder is used by some fishes to maintain buoyancy and may function in addition as a sound producing organ, a sound receptor, and a respiratory organ.
48797 swim bladder formation P The process that gives rise to the swim bladder. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The swim bladder is used by some fishes to maintain buoyancy and may function in addition as a sound producing organ, a sound receptor, and a respiratory organ.
48798 swim bladder inflation P The expansion of the swim bladder by trapped gases. The swim bladder is used by some fishes to maintain buoyancy and may function in addition as a sound producing organ, a sound receptor, and a respiratory organ.
48799 animal organ maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an animal organ to attain its fully functional state. An organ is a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions.
48800 antennal morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the antenna are generated and organized.
48801 antennal joint morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the antennal joint are generated and organized.
48802 notum morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the dorsal part of the body are generated and organized.
48803 imaginal disc-derived male genitalia morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of male genitalia are generated and organized from the genital imaginal disc.
48804 imaginal disc-derived female genitalia morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of female genitalia are generated and organized from the genital disc.
48805 imaginal disc-derived genitalia morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of genitalia are generated and organized from the genital imaginal disc.
48806 genitalia development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the genitalia over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
48807 female genitalia morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of female genitalia are generated and organized.
48808 male genitalia morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of male genitalia are generated and organized.
48809 analia morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of analia are generated and organized. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc. An example of this process is analia morphogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster.
48810 female analia morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the analia of the female are generated and organized. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
48811 male analia morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the analia of the male are generated and organized. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc.
48812 neuron projection morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of a neuron projection are generated and organized. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites.
48813 dendrite morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendrite are generated and organized. A dendrite is a freely branching protoplasmic process of a nerve cell.
48814 regulation of dendrite morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite morphogenesis.
48815 hermaphrodite genitalia morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of hermaphrodite genitalia are generated and organized.
48816 ocellus morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the ocellus are generated and organized. The ocellus is a simple visual organ of insects.
48817 negative regulation of hair follicle maturation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hair follicle maturation.
48818 positive regulation of hair follicle maturation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hair follicle maturation.
48819 regulation of hair follicle maturation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hair follicle maturation.
48820 hair follicle maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a hair follicle to attain its fully functional state.
48821 erythrocyte development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an erythrocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
48822 enucleate erythrocyte development P The process aimed at the progression of an enucleate erythrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
48823 nucleate erythrocyte development P The process aimed at the progression of a nucleate erythrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
48824 pigment cell precursor differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a pigment cell precursor.
48825 cotyledon development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cotyledon over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cotyledon is the modified leaf (seed leaf), found as part of the embryo in plant seeds. It is involved in either storage or absorption of food reserves. Dicotyledonous seeds contain two cotyledons, while monocotyledonous seeds contain only one. The cotyledons may appear above ground and show photosynthetic activity in the seedling.
48826 cotyledon morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the cotyledon are generated and organized. The cotyledon is the modified leaf (seed leaf), found as part of the embryo in plant seeds. It is involved in either storage or absorption of food reserves. Dicotyledonous seeds contain two cotyledons, while monocotyledonous seeds contain only one. The cotyledons may appear above ground and show photosynthetic activity in the seedling.
48827 phyllome development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a phyllome over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A phyllome is a collective term for all the different types of leaves appearing on plants.
48829 root cap development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the root cap over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The root cap protects the root meristem from friction as the root grows through the soil. The cap is made up of a group of parenchyma cells which secrete a glycoprotein mucilage as a lubricant.
48830 adventitious root development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of adventitious root over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Adventitious roots are post-embryonic roots that develop from the plant shoot.
48831 regulation of shoot system development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of shoot development.
48832 specification of plant organ number P The regionalization process that modulates the quantity of a particular type of plant organ.
48833 specification of floral organ number P Any process that modulates the number of floral organs formed in a floral whorl.
48834 specification of petal number P Any process that modulates the number of petals formed in a flower.
48835 specification of decreased petal number P Any process that reduces the number of petals produced in a developing flower.
48836 specification of increased petal number P Any process that increases the number of petals produced in a developing flower.
48837 sorocarp sorus development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sorocarp sorus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A sorocarp sorus is the spore containing structure of a sorocarp.
48838 release of seed from dormancy P The process in which the dormant state is broken in a seed. Dormancy is characterized by a suspension of physiological activity that can be reactivated upon release.
48839 inner ear development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inner ear over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
48840 otolith development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the otolith over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
48841 regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in axon guidance.
48842 positive regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in axon guidance.
48843 negative regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in axon guidance.
48844 artery morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of arterial blood vessels are generated and organized. Arteries are blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the body and its organs.
48845 venous blood vessel morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of venous blood vessels are generated and organized. Veins are blood vessels that transport blood from the body and its organs to the heart.
48846 axon extension involved in axon guidance P The long distance growth of a single cell process, that is involved in the migration of an axon growth cone, where the migration is directed to a specific target site by a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
48847 adenohypophysis formation P The process that gives rise to adenohypophysis. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The adenohypophysis is the anterior part of the pituitary. It secretes a variety of hormones and its function is regulated by the hypothalamus.
48848 neurohypophysis morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the neurohypophysis are generated and organized. The neurohypophysis is the part of the pituitary gland that secretes hormones involved in blood pressure regulation.
48849 neurohypophysis formation P The process that gives rise to neurohypophysis. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The neurohypophysis is the part of the pituitary gland that secretes hormones involved in blood pressure regulation.
48850 hypophysis morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the hypophysis are generated and organized. The pituitary gland is an endocrine gland that secretes hormones that regulate many other glands.
48851 hypophysis formation P The process in which the anatomical structures of the hypophysis are generated and organized. The hypophysis is an endocrine gland that secretes hormones that regulate many other glands.
48852 diencephalon morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the diencephalon are generated and organized. The diencephalon is the paired caudal parts of the prosencephalon from which the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus and subthalamus are derived; these regions regulate autonomic, visceral and endocrine function, and process information directed to the cerebral cortex.
48853 forebrain morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the forebrain are generated and organized. The forebrain is the anterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes especially the cerebral hemispheres, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus and especially in higher vertebrates is the main control center for sensory and associative information processing, visceral functions, and voluntary motor functions).
48854 brain morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the brain are generated and organized. The brain is one of the two components of the central nervous system and is the center of thought and emotion. It is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.).
48855 adenohypophysis morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the adenohypophysis are generated and organized. The adenohypophysis is the anterior part of the pituitary. It secretes a variety of hormones and its function is regulated by the hypothalamus.
48856 anatomical structure development P The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an anatomical structure from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.
48857 neural nucleus development P The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neural nucleus from its initial condition to its mature state. A neural nucleus is an anatomical structure consisting of a discrete aggregate of neuronal soma.
48858 cell projection morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of a cell projection are generated and organized.
48859 formation of anatomical boundary P The process in which the limits of an anatomical structure are generated. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.
48860 glioblast division P The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a glioblast into daughter cells.
48861 leukemia inhibitory factor signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of leukemia inhibitory factor to a receptor on the surface of the target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
48863 stem cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a stem cell. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.
48864 stem cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stem cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to its specific fate.
48865 stem cell fate commitment P The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a stem cell.
48866 stem cell fate specification P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a stem cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
48867 stem cell fate determination P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a stem cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
48868 pollen tube development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pollen tube over time, from its initial formation to a mature structure.
48869 cellular developmental process P A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cell over time from an initial condition to a later condition.
48870 cell motility P Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another.
48871 multicellular organismal homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state at the level of the multicellular organism.
48872 homeostasis of number of cells P Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells.
48873 homeostasis of number of cells within a tissue P Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells in a tissue.
48874 homeostasis of number of cells in a free-living population P The biological process involved in maintaining the steady-state number of cells within a population of free-living cells such as the bacteria in the gut.
48875 chemical homeostasis within a tissue P Any process involved in the maintenance of the internal steady state of the amount of a chemical at the level of the tissue.
48876 chemical homeostasis within retina P Any process involved in the maintenance of the internal steady state of the amount of a chemical at the level of the retina.
48877 homeostasis of number of retina cells P Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells in the retina.
48878 chemical homeostasis P Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of a chemical.
48880 sensory system development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a sensory system over time from its formation to the mature structure.
48881 mechanosensory lateral line system development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mechanosensory lateral line system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mechanosensory lateral line system consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the head and body of all fishes and most amphibians. The neuromasts are innervated by several lateral line nerves, which project primarily to the hindbrain. The mechanosensory lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance.
48882 lateral line development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral line over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lateral line consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the head and body of all fishes and most amphibians. The lateral line develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated behind the ear and between the eye and ear.
48883 neuromast primordium migration P The migration of a cluster of a relatively undifferentiated cell originating at specific cephalic placodes and depositing proneuromasts along a developing lateral line, from which the neuromasts will develop.
48884 neuromast development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neuromast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neuromast is the sensory organ of the lateral line and is composed of a population of sensory hair cells, and nonsensory supporting cells and mantle cells. Neuromasts are located superficially on the epithelium or in lateral line canals.
48885 neuromast deposition P The process in which a migrating neuromast primordium deposits clusters of undifferentiated cells (proneuromasts) along its migratory path in a developing lateral line.
48886 neuromast hair cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuromast hair cell. Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the neuromast and are located in a portion of the neuromast called the sensory strip. Each hair cell of the neuromast is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface. There are approximately seven hair cells within each neuromast, with each hair cell innervated by afferent and efferent neurons.
48887 cupula development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cupula over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cupula is secreted by mantle cells and the ciliary bundles of all of the hair cells of the neuromast are embedded in it. The cupula provides a mechanical linkage between the hair cells and the external hydrodynamic environment. The cupula of superficial neuromasts grows continuously, while the height of the cupula of canal neuromasts is limited by canal diameter.
48888 neuromast mantle cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuromast mantle cell. Mantle cells are non-sensory cells that surround the sensory strip, separating the neuromast from the epidermis. Mantle cells secrete the cupula in which the ciliary bundles of all of the hair cells are embedded.
48889 neuromast support cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuromast support cell. Support cells are non-sensory cells of the neuromast that extend between the sensory hair cells from the basement membrane to the apical surface; they are surrounded by mantle cells.
48890 lateral line ganglion development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral line ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lateral line ganglion develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated between the eye and ear and behind the ear.
48891 lateral line ganglion neuron differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lateral line ganglion neuron.
48892 lateral line nerve development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral line nerve over time, form its formation to the mature structure. Lateral line nerves project primarily to an octavolateralis column in the hindbrain that consists of the medial octavolateralis nucleus (MON), the caudal octavolateralis nucleus, and the magnocellular nucleus.
48893 afferent axon development in lateral line nerve P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an afferent axon in a lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the afferent axons in any lateral line nerve.
48894 efferent axon development in a lateral line nerve P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an efferent axon in a lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the efferent axons in any lateral line nerve.
48895 lateral line nerve glial cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glial cell in a lateral line nerve.
48896 lateral line nerve glial cell migration P The movement of a glial cell along the axons in a lateral line nerve.
48897 myelination of lateral line nerve axons P The formation of compact myelin sheaths around the axons of a lateral line nerve.
48898 anterior lateral line system development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior lateral line system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The anterior lateral line system develops from cranial ectodermal placodes, situated between the eye and the ear, that give rise to both the neuromasts and the anterior lateral line sensory nerves that innervate the neuromasts. The anterior lateral line system consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the head of all fishes and most amphibians and are innervated by several lateral line nerves, which project to the hindbrain. The anterior lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance.
48899 anterior lateral line development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior lateral line over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The anterior lateral line consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the head of all fishes and most amphibians. The anterior lateral line develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated between the eye and ear.
48900 anterior lateral line neuromast primordium migration P The migration of a cluster of a relatively undifferentiated cell along the developing anterior lateral line, originating from cranial ectodermal placodes situated between the eye and the ear. The neuromast primordium deposits proneuromasts along the lateral line, from which the neuromasts will develop.
48901 anterior lateral line neuromast development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior lateral line neuromast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neuromast is the sensory receptor of the anterior lateral line system and is composed of a population of sensory hair cells, and nonsensory supporting cells and mantle cells. Neuromast are located superficially on the epithelium or in lateral line canals.
48902 anterior lateral line neuromast deposition P The process in which a migrating neuromast primordium deposits clusters of undifferentiated cells (proneuromasts) along its migratory path in the developing anterior lateral line.
48903 anterior lateral line neuromast hair cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an anterior lateral line neuromast hair cell. Neuromast hair cells are the sensory receptors of the neuromast and are located in a portion of the neuromast called the sensory strip. Each hair cell of the neuromast is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface. There are approximately seven hair cells within each neuromast, with each hair cell innervated by afferent and efferent neurons.
48904 anterior lateral line neuromast cupula development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior lateral line neuromast cupula over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cupula is secreted by mantle cells and the ciliary bundles of all of the hair cells of the neuromast are embedded in it. The cupula provides a mechanical linkage between the hair cells and the external hydrodynamic environment. The cupula of superficial neuromasts grows continuously, while the height of the cupula of canal neuromasts is limited by canal diameter.
48905 anterior lateral line neuromast mantle cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an anterior lateral line neuromast mantle cell. Mantle cells are non-sensory cells that surround the sensory strip, separating the neuromast from the epidermis. Mantle cells secrete the cupula in which the ciliary bundles of all of the hair cells are embedded.
48906 anterior lateral line neuromast support cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an anterior lateral line neuromast support cell. Support cells are non-sensory cells of the neuromast that extend between the sensory hair cells from the basement membrane to the apical surface; they are surrounded by mantle cells.
48907 anterior lateral line ganglion development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior lateral line ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The anterior lateral line ganglion develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated between the eye and ear.
48908 anterior lateral line ganglion neuron differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron of the anterior lateral line ganglion.
48909 anterior lateral line nerve development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior lateral line nerve over time, form its formation to the mature structure. The anterior lateral line nerve contains efferent axons that innervate hair cells of the ALL and afferent axons that project to an octavolateralis column in the hindbrain. The octavolateralis column consists of the medial octavolateralis nucleus (MON), the caudal octavolateralis nucleus, and the magnocellular nucleus.
48910 afferent axon development in anterior lateral line nerve P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an afferent axon in the anterior lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the afferent axons in the anterior lateral line nerve.
48911 efferent axon development in anterior lateral line nerve P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an efferent axon in the anterior lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the efferent axons in the anterior lateral line nerve.
48912 glial cell migration in anterior lateral line nerve P The movement of a glial cell along the axons in the anterior lateral line nerve.
48913 anterior lateral line nerve glial cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glial cell in the anterior lateral line nerve.
48914 myelination of anterior lateral line nerve axons P The formation of compact myelin sheaths around the axons of the anterior lateral line nerve.
48915 posterior lateral line system development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior lateral line system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The posterior lateral line system develops from cranial ectodermal placodes, situated behind the ear, that give rise to both the neuromasts and the posterior lateral line sensory nerves that innervate the neuromasts. The posterior lateral line system consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the head of all fishes and most amphibians. The neuromasts are innervated by several lateral line nerves, which project primarily to the hindbrain. The posterior mechanosensory lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance.
48916 posterior lateral line development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior lateral line over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The posterior lateral line consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the body and trunk of all fishes and most amphibians. The posterior lateral line develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated behind the ear.
48917 posterior lateral line ganglion development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior lateral line ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The posterior lateral line ganglion develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated behind the ear.
48918 posterior lateral line nerve development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior lateral line nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The posterior lateral line nerve innervates hair cells of the PLL and projects to an octavolateralis column in the hindbrain that consists of the medial octavolateralis nucleus (MON), the caudal octavolateralis nucleus, and the magnocellular nucleus.
48919 posterior lateral line neuromast development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior lateral line neuromast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neuromast is the sensory receptor of the anterior lateral line system and is composed of a population of sensory hair cells, and nonsensory supporting cells and mantle cells. Neuromast are located superficially on the epithelium or in lateral line canals.
48920 posterior lateral line neuromast primordium migration P The migration of a relatively undifferentiated cell along the developing posterior lateral line, originating from cranial ectodermal placodes situated behind the ear. The neuromast primordium deposits proneuromasts along the lateral line, from which the neuromasts will develop.
48921 posterior lateral line neuromast cupula development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior lateral line neuromast cupula over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cupula is secreted by mantle cells and the ciliary bundles of all of the hair cells of the neuromast are embedded in it. The cupula provides a mechanical linkage between the hair cells and the external hydrodynamic environment. The cupula of superficial neuromasts grows continuously, while the height of the cupula of canal neuromasts is limited by canal diameter.
48922 posterior lateral line neuromast deposition P The process in which a migrating neuromast primordium deposits clusters of undifferentiated cells (proneuromasts) along its migratory path in the developing posterior lateral line.
48923 posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell. (N.B. This may be development of neuromast hair cell type or a set of cell of neuromast hair cell type. This will involve the change of a cell or set of cells from one cell identity to another). Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the neuromast and are located in a portion of the neuromast called the sensory strip. Each hair cell of the neuromast is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface. There are approximately seven hair cells within each neuromast, with each hair cell innervated by afferent and efferent neurons.
48924 posterior lateral line neuromast mantle cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a posterior lateral line neuromast mantle cell. (N.B. This may be development of neuromast mantle cell type or a set of cells of neuromast mantle cell type. This will involve the change of a cell or set of cells from one cell identity to another). Mantle cells are non-sensory cells that surround the sensory strip, separating the neuromast from the epidermis. Mantle cells secrete the cupula in which the ciliary bundles of all of the hair cells are embedded.
48925 lateral line system development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral line system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lateral line system is a network of sensory organs (neuromasts) and lateral line nerves located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the head and body of all fishes and most amphibians. The lateral line system develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated between the eye and ear.
48926 electrosensory lateral line system development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the electrosensory lateral line system over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
48927 posterior lateral line neuromast support cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a posterior lateral line neuromast support cell. Support cells are non-sensory cells of the neuromast that extend between the sensory hair cells from the basement membrane to the apical surface; they are surrounded by mantle cells.
48928 posterior lateral line ganglion neuron differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron of the posterior lateral line ganglion.
48929 efferent axon development in posterior lateral line nerve P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an efferent axon in the posterior lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the efferent axons in the posterior lateral line nerve.
48930 glial cell migration in posterior lateral line nerve P The movement of a glial cell along the axons in the posterior lateral line nerve.
48931 posterior lateral line nerve glial cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glial cell in the posterior lateral line nerve.
48932 myelination of posterior lateral line nerve axons P The formation of compact myelin sheaths around the axons of the posterior lateral line nerve.
48933 afferent axon development in posterior lateral line nerve P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an afferent axon in the posterior lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the afferent axons in the posterior lateral line nerve.
48934 peripheral nervous system neuron differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron whose cell body resides in the peripheral nervous system.
48935 peripheral nervous system neuron development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron whose cell body is located in the peripheral nervous system, from initial commitment of the cell to a neuronal fate, to the fully functional differentiated neuron.
48936 peripheral nervous system neuron axonogenesis P Generation of a long process from a neuron whose cell body resides in the peripheral nervous system. The axon carries action potential from the cell body towards target cells.
48937 lateral line nerve glial cell development P The process aimed at the progression of a lateral line glial cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
48938 lateral line nerve glial cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation P The process in which the structure of a glial cell in a lateral line nerve is generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a glial cell in a lateral line nerve.
48939 anterior lateral line nerve glial cell development P The process aimed at the progression of a glial cell in the anterior lateral line nerve over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
48940 anterior lateral line nerve glial cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation P The process in which the structures of a glial cell in the anterior lateral line nerve are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a glial cell in the anterior lateral line nerve.
48941 posterior lateral line nerve glial cell development P The process aimed at the progression of a glial cell in the posterior lateral line nerve over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
48942 posterior lateral line nerve glial cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation P The process in which the structures of a glial cell in the posterior lateral line nerve are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a glial cell in the posterior lateral line nerve.
50000 chromosome localization P Any process in which a chromosome is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
50001 D-glutaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + L-glutamine = NH3 + D-glutamate.
50002 D-proline reductase (dithiol) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: lipoate + 5-aminopentanoate = dihydrolipoate + D-proline.
50003 deoxycytidylate C-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + dCMP = 2'-deoxy-5-methyl-5'-cytidylate + 7,8-dihydrofolate.
50004 isoflavone 7-O-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + isoflavone = UDP + isoflavone 7-O-beta-D-glucoside.
50005 isohexenylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-3-(4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)glutaryl-CoA = 3-(4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)pent-2-enedioyl-CoA + H(2)O.
50006 isomaltulose synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose = 6-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-fructofuranose.
50007 isonocardicin synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + nocardicin E = S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + H(+) + isonocardicin A.
50008 isopiperitenone delta-isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: isopiperitenone = piperitenone.
50009 isopropanol dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NADP(+) + propan-2-ol = acetone + H(+) + NADPH.
50010 isovitexin beta-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: isovitexin + UDP-D-glucose = H(+) + isovitexin 2''-O-beta-D-glucoside + UDP.
50011 itaconyl-CoA hydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: citramalyl-CoA = itaconyl-CoA + H2O.
50012 juglone 3-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone + AH(2) + O(2) = 3,5-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone + A + H(2)O + H(+).
50013 2-dehydropantoate aldolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydropantoate = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + formaldehyde.
50014 ketotetrose-phosphate aldolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-erythrulose 1-phosphate = formaldehyde + glycerone phosphate.
50015 kievitone hydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: kievitone hydrate = H(2)O + H(+) + kievitone.
50016 kynurenine 7,8-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: kynurenate + donor-H2 + O2 = 7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxykynurenate + acceptor.
50017 L-3-cyanoalanine synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + HCN = sulfide + L-3-cyanoalanine.
50018 L-amino-acid dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an L-amino acid + H2O + NAD+ = a 2-oxo acid + NH3 + NADH.
50019 L-arabinitol 4-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-arabinitol + NAD(+) = L-xylulose + H(+) + NADH.
50020 L-arabinonate dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-arabinonate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-arabinonate + H(2)O.
50021 L-arabinonolactonase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-arabinono-1,4-lactone + H(2)O = L-arabinonate + H(+).
50022 L-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-arabinose + NAD+ = L-arabinono-1,4-lactone + NADH.
50023 L-fuconate dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-fuconate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-fuconate + H(2)O.
50024 L-galactonolactone oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-galactono-1,4-lactone + O(2) = L-ascorbate + H(2)O(2) + H(+).
50025 L-glutamate oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + O2 + H2O = 2-oxoglutarate + NH3 + H2O2.
50026 L-glycol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an L-glycol + NAD(P)+ = a 2-hydroxycarbonyl compound + NAD(P)H + H+.
50028 L-lysine-lactamase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-2-aminohexano-6-lactam + H(2)O = L-lysine.
50029 L-lysine oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + H(2)O + O(2) = 6-amino-2-oxohexanoate + H(2)O(2) + NH(4)(+).
50030 L-pipecolate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-pipecolate + acceptor = delta1-piperideine-6-carboxylate + reduced acceptor. Delta1-piperideine-6-carboxylate is also known as 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylate.
50031 L-pipecolate oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-pipecolate + O(2) = 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylate + H(2)O(2) + H(+). Delta1-piperideine-6-carboxylate is also known as 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylate.
50032 L-rhamnonate dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-rhamnonate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-rhamnonate + H(2)O.
50033 L-rhamnono-1,4-lactonase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-rhamnono-1,4-lactone + H(2)O = L-rhamnonate + H(+).
50034 L-rhamnose 1-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-rhamnofuranose + NAD(+) = L-rhamnono-1,4-lactone + H(+) + NADH.
50035 L-sorbose oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-sorbose + O(2) = 5-dehydro-D-fructose + H(2)O(2).
50036 L-threonate 3-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-threonate + NAD(+) = 3-dehydro-L-threonate + H(+) + NADH.
50037 L-xylose 1-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: aldehydo-L-xylose + NADP(+) = L-xylono-1,4-lactone + H(+) + NADPH.
50038 L-xylulose reductase (NADP+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NADP(+) + xylitol = L-xylulose + H(+) + NADPH.
50039 lactaldehyde reductase (NADPH) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NADP(+) + propane-1,2-diol = (S)-lactaldehyde + H(+) + NADPH.
50040 lactate 2-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-lactate + O(2) = acetate + CO(2) + H(2)O.
50041 lactate aldolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-lactate = acetaldehyde + formate.
50042 lactate-malate transhydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-lactate + oxaloacetate = malate + pyruvate.
50043 lactate racemase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-lactate = (R)-lactate.
50044 galactose-6-phosphate isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactose 6-phosphate = D-tagatose 6-phosphate.
50045 laminaribiose phosphorylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-beta-D-glucosyl-D-glucose + phosphate = D-glucose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate.
50046 lathosterol oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-alpha-cholest-7-en-3-beta-ol + O2 = cholesta-5,7-dien-3-beta-ol + H2O2.
50047 leucine 2,3-aminomutase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-leucine = (3R)-beta-leucine.
50048 L-leucine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-leucine + 2-oxoglutarate = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-glutamate.
50049 leucine dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-leucine + H2O + NAD+ = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + NH3 + NADH.
50050 leucine N-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-leucine + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-L-leucine + CoA + H(+).
50051 leukotriene-B4 20-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-(5S,12R)-5,12-dihydroxyicosa-6,8,10,14-tetraenoate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-(5S,12R)-5,12,20-trihydroxyicosa-6,8,10,14-tetraenoate + NADP+ + H2O.
50052 leukotriene-E4 20-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(+) + leukotriene E(4) + NADPH + O(2) = 20-hydroxy-leukotriene E(4) + H(2)O + NADP(+).
50053 levansucrase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose + 2,6-beta-D-fructosyl(n) = glucose + 2,6-beta-D-fructosyl(n+1).
50054 lignostilbene alpha beta-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethylene + O(2) = 2 vanillin.
50055 limonin-D-ring-lactonase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: limonoate D-ring-lactone + H2O = limonoate.
50056 linalool 8-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + linalool + O(2) = (2E)-2,6-dimethylocta-2,7-diene-1,6-diol + A + H(2)O.
50057 linamarin synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile = UDP + linamarin.
50058 linoleate isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: linoleate = 9-cis,11-trans-octadecadienoate.
50059 lombricine kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + lombricine = ADP + N-phospholombricine.
50060 long-chain-alcohol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a long-chain alcohol + 2 NAD+ + H2O = a long-chain carboxylate + 2 NADH.
50061 long-chain-aldehyde dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a long-chain aldehyde + NAD+ = a long-chain carboxylate + NADH + H+. A long-chain aldehyde is one with more than 12 carbons.
50062 long-chain-fatty-acyl-CoA reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a long-chain aldehyde + CoA + NADP+ = a long-chain acyl-CoA + NADPH.
50063 low-density-lipoprotein particle receptor kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + low-density lipoprotein L-serine = ADP + low-density lipoprotein O-phospho-L-serine.
50064 luteolin 7-O-glucuronosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: luteolin + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucosiduronate + UDP.
50065 lysine-pyruvate 6-transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + pyruvate = L-alanine + L-allysine.
50066 lysine 2,3-aminomutase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine = (3S)-3,6-diaminohexanoate.
50067 lysine 2-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + O(2) = 5-aminopentanamide + CO(2) + H(2)O.
50068 lysine carbamoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + carbamoyl phosphate = L-homocitrulline + H(+) + phosphate.
50069 lysine dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + NAD+ = 1,2-didehydropiperidine-2-carboxylate + NH3 + NADH.
50070 lysolecithin acylmutase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.
50071 lysyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl-tRNA + phosphatidylglycerol = tRNA + 3-phosphatidyl-1'-(3'-O-L-lysyl)glycerol.
50072 m7G(5')pppN diphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 7-methylguanosine 5'-triphospho-5'-polynucleotide + H2O = 7-methylguanosine 5'-phosphate + polynucleotide.
50073 macrolide 2'-kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + oleandomycin = ADP + 2 H(+) + oleandomycin 2'-O-phosphate.
50074 malate-CoA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + malate + CoA = ADP + phosphate + malyl-CoA.
50075 maleate hydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-malate = H(2)O + maleate.
50076 maleate isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: maleate = fumarate.
50077 maleylpyruvate isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-maleylpyruvate = 3-fumarylpyruvate.
50078 malonate CoA-transferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + malonate = acetate + malonyl-CoA.
50079 acetylenecarboxylate hydratase activity, producing 3-oxopropanoate F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxopropanoate = propynoate + H2O.
50080 malonyl-CoA decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: malonyl-CoA = acetyl-CoA + CO2.
50081 maltose-6'-phosphate glucosidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + maltose 6'-phosphate = D-glucose + D-glucose 6-phosphate.
50082 maltose phosphorylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: maltose + phosphate = D-glucose + beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate.
50083 malyl-CoA lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (3S)-3-carboxy-3-hydroxypropanoyl-CoA = acetyl-CoA + glyoxylate.
50084 mannitol-1-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannitol 1-phosphate + H(2)O = D-mannitol + 2 H(+) + phosphate.
50085 mannitol 2-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannitol + NADP(+) = D-fructose + H(+) + NADPH.
50086 mannitol 2-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannitol + NAD+ = D-fructose + NADH.
50087 mannitol dehydrogenase (cytochrome) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannitol + ferricytochrome c = D-fructose + ferrocytochrome c.
50088 mannose-6-phosphate 6-reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannitol 1-phosphate + NADP(+) = D-mannose 6-phosphate + 3 H(+) + NADPH.
50089 mannose isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannose = D-fructose.
50090 mannuronate reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannonate + NAD(P)+ = D-mannuronate + NAD(P)H + H+.
50091 melilotate 3-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate + H(+) + NADH + O(2) = 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate + H(2)O + NAD(+).
50092 meso-tartrate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (2R,3S)-tartrate + NAD(+) = dihydroxyfumarate + H(+) + NADH.
50093 methanol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: methanol + NAD(+) = formaldehyde + H(+) + NADH.
50094 methionine-glyoxylate transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-methionine + glyoxylate = 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoate + glycine.
50095 methionine decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-methionine + H(+) = 3-methylthiopropanamine + CO(2).
50096 methylaspartate ammonia-lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: threo-3-methyl-L-aspartate = mesaconate + NH(4)(+).
50097 methylaspartate mutase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: threo-3-methyl-L-aspartate = L-glutamate.
50098 methylguanidinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + methylguanidine = methylammonium + urea.
50099 methylglutamate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-methyl-L-glutamate + A + H(2)O = L-glutamate + AH(2) + formaldehyde.
50100 methylitaconate delta-isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylene-3-methylsuccinate = dimethylmaleate.
50101 mimosinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-mimosine + H(2)O = 3-hydroxy-4H-pyrid-4-one + L-serine.
50102 cellodextrin phosphorylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,4-beta-D-glucosyl(n) + phosphate = 1,4-beta-D-glucosyl(n-1) + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate.
50103 dextrin dextranase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl(n) + 1,6-alpha-D-glucosyl(m) = 1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl(n-1) + 1,6-alpha-D-glucosyl(m+1).
50104 L-gulonate 3-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-gulonate + NAD(+) = 3-dehydro-L-gulonate + H(+) + NADH.
50105 L-gulonolactone oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-gulono-1,4-lactone + O2 = L-xylo-hex-3-ulonolactone + H2O2.
50106 monomethyl-sulfatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + monomethyl sulfate = H(+) + methanol + sulfate.
50107 monoterpenol O-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + a monoterpenol = CoA + a monoterpenol acetate ester.
50108 monoterpenyl-diphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: monoterpenyl diphosphate + H2O = monoterpenol + diphosphate.
50109 morphine 6-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: morphine + NAD(P)+ = morphinone + NAD(P)H + H+.
50110 mucinaminylserine mucinaminidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactosyl-3-(N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl)-L-serine + H2O = D-galactosyl-3-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosamine + L-serine.
50111 mycocerosate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + 7n H(+) + n methylmalonyl-CoA + 2n NADPH = n CO(2) + n CoA + n H(2)O + multi-methyl-branched acyl-CoA + 2n NADP(+).
50112 inositol 2-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol + NAD(+) = 2,4,6/3,5-pentahydroxycyclohexanone + H(+) + NADH.
50113 inositol oxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol + O(2) = D-glucuronate + H(2)O + H(+).
50114 myo-inosose-2 dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,6/3,5-pentahydroxycyclohexanone = 3D-3,5/4-trihydroxycyclohexane-1,2-dione + H(2)O.
50115 myosin-light-chain-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: myosin light-chain phosphate + H2O = myosin light chain + phosphate.
50116 N,N-dimethylformamidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N,N-dimethylformamide + H(2)O = dimethylamine + formate.
50117 N-acetyl-beta-alanine deacetylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-beta-alanine + H(2)O = beta-alanine + acetate.
50118 N-acetyldiaminopimelate deacetylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-LL-2,6-diaminopimelate + H(2)O = LL-2,6-diaminopimelate + acetate.
50119 N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + H(2)O = D-glucosamine + acetate.
50120 N-acetylhexosamine 1-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + H(2)O + NAD(+) = N-acetyl-D-glucosaminate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
50121 N-acylglucosamine 2-epimerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-acyl-D-glucosamine = N-acyl-D-mannosamine.
50122 N-acylhexosamine oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + H(2)O + O(2) = N-acetyl-D-glucosaminate + H(2)O(2) + H(+).
50123 N-acylmannosamine 1-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-acyl-D-mannosamine + NAD(+) = N-acyl-D-mannosaminolactone + H(+) + NADH.
50124 N-acylneuraminate-9-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-acylneuraminate 9-phosphate + H2O = N-acylneuraminate + phosphate.
50125 N-benzyloxycarbonylglycine hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-benzyloxycarbonylglycine + H(2)O + H(+) = benzyl alcohol + CO(2) + glycine.
50126 N-carbamoylputrescine amidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-carbamoylputrescine + H(2)O + 2 H(+) = CO(2) + NH(4)(+) + putrescine.
50127 N-carbamoylsarcosine amidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-carbamoylsarcosine + H(2)O + 2 H(+) = CO(2) + NH(4)(+) + sarcosine.
50128 N-feruloylglycine deacylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-feruloylglycine + H(2)O = ferulate + glycine.
50129 N-formylglutamate deformylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-formyl-L-glutamate + H(2)O = L-glutamate + formate.
50130 N-methyl-2-oxoglutaramate hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-methyl-2-oxoglutaramate + H(2)O = 2-oxoglutarate + methylammonium.
50131 N-methyl-L-amino-acid oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an N-methyl-L-amino acid + H2O + O2 = an L-amino acid + formaldehyde + H2O2.
50132 N-methylalanine dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-methyl-L-alanine + H(2)O + NADP(+) = H(+) + methylammonium + NADPH + pyruvate.
50133 N6-hydroxylysine O-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N(6)-hydroxy-L-lysine + acetyl-CoA = N(6)-acetyl-N(6)-hydroxy-L-lysine + CoA.
50134 N6-methyl-lysine oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N(6)-methyl-L-lysine + H(2)O + O(2) = L-lysine + formaldehyde + H(2)O(2).
50135 NAD(P)+ nucleosidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + H2O = ADP-ribose(P) + nicotinamide.
50136 NADH dehydrogenase (quinone) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + H+ + a quinone = NAD+ + a quinol.
50137 NADPH peroxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O(2) + H(+) + NADPH = 2 H(2)O + NADP(+).
50138 nicotinate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + NADP(+) + nicotinate = 6-hydroxynicotinate + H(+) + NADPH.
50139 nicotinate-N-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: nicotinate + UDP-D-glucose = N-(beta-D-glucosyl)nicotinate + UDP.
50140 nitrate reductase (cytochrome) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ferrocytochrome + nitrate = ferricytochrome + nitrite.
50141 nitroethane oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: nitroethane + H2O + O2 = acetaldehyde + nitrite + H2O2.
50142 nitrogenase (flavodoxin) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 6 reduced flavodoxin + 6 H+ + N2 + n ATP = 6 oxidized flavodoxin + 2 NH3 + n ADP + n phosphate.
50143 nocardicin-A epimerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: isonocardicin A = nocardicin A.
50144 nucleoside deoxyribosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-deoxy-D-ribosyl-base1 + base2 = 2-deoxy-D-ribosyl-base2 + base1.
50145 nucleoside phosphate kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + nucleoside phosphate = ADP + nucleoside diphosphate.
50146 nucleoside phosphotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a nucleotide + a 2'-deoxynucleoside = a nucleoside + a 2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-monophosphate.
50147 nucleoside ribosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribosyl-base1 + base2 = D-ribosyl-base2 + base1.
50148 nucleotide diphosphokinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + nucleoside 5'-phosphate = AMP + 5'-phosphonucleoside 3'-diphosphate.
50149 o-aminophenol oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 2-aminophenol + 3 O2 = 2 isophenoxazine + 6 H2O.
50150 o-pyrocatechuate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + H(+) = catechol + CO(2).
50151 oleate hydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-10-hydroxystearate = H(2)O + oleate.
50152 omega-amidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a monoamide of a dicarboxylic acid + H2O = a dicarboxylate + NH3.
50153 omega-hydroxydecanoate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 10-hydroxydecanoate + NAD(+) = 10-oxodecanoate + H(+) + NADH.
50154 opheline kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + guanidinoethyl methyl phosphate = N'-phosphoguanidinoethyl methylphosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).
50155 ornithine(lysine) transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-ornithine = H2O + L-glutamate + 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate.
50156 ornithine N-benzoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-ornithine + 2 benzoyl-CoA = N(2),N(5)-dibenzoyl-L-ornithine + 2 CoA + 2 H(+).
50157 ornithine racemase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-ornithine = D-ornithine.
50158 orotate reductase (NADPH) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-dihydroorotate + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + orotate.
50159 orsellinate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: o-orsellinate + H(+) = CO(2) + orcinol.
50160 orsellinate-depside hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + orsellinate depside = 2 o-orsellinate + H(+).
50161 succinyl-CoA:oxalate CoA-transferase F Catalysis of the reaction: oxalate + succinyl-CoA = oxalyl-CoA + succinate.
50162 oxalate oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H(+) + O(2) + oxalate = 2 CO(2) + H(2)O(2).
50163 oxaloacetate tautomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: oxaloacetate = enol-oxaloacetate.
50164 oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + CoA + NADP(+) = CO(2) + NADPH + succinyl-CoA.
50165 pantetheine kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + pantetheine = ADP + pantetheine 4'-phosphate.
50166 pantoate 4-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-pantoate + NAD(+) = (R)-4-dehydropantoate + H(+) + NADH.
50167 pantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-[(R)-pantothenoyl]-L-cysteine + H(+) = (R)-pantetheine + CO(2).
50168 pentanamidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + pentanamide = NH(4)(+) + valerate.
50169 peptide-tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: peptide tryptophan + O2 = peptide formylkynurenine.
50170 peptidyl-glutaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-N-peptidyl-L-glutamine + H2O = alpha-N-peptidyl-L-glutamate + NH3.
50171 phenol beta-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + a phenol = UDP + an aryl beta-D-glucoside.
50172 phenylalanine 2-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine + O(2) = 2-phenylacetamide + CO(2) + H(2)O.
50173 phenylalanine adenylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine + ATP = N-adenylyl-L-phenylalanine + diphosphate + 2 H(+).
50174 phenylalanine decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine = phenylethylamine + CO2.
50175 phenylalanine dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine + H2O + NAD+ = phenylpyruvate + NH3 + NADH.
50176 phenylalanine N-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine + CoA + H(+).
50177 phenylpyruvate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phenylpyruvate = phenylacetaldehyde + CO2.
50178 phenylpyruvate tautomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: keto-phenylpyruvate = enol-phenylpyruvate.
50179 phenylserine aldolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-threo-3-phenylserine = benzaldehyde + glycine.
50180 phloretin hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + phloretin = H(+) + phloretate + phloroglucinol.
50181 phorbol-diester hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + phorbol 12,13-dibutanoate = butanoate + H(+) + phorbol 13-butanoate.
50182 phosphate butyryltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: butanoyl-CoA + phosphate = butanoyl phosphate + CoA.
50183 phosphatidylcholine 12-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-acyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H(+) + NADH + O(2) = 1-acyl-2-[(S)-12-hydroxyoleoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H(2)O + NAD(+).
50184 phosphatidylcholine desaturase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-acyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + NAD(+) = 1-acyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H(+) + NADH.
50185 phosphatidylinositol deacylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + H(2)O = 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-D-myo-inositol + a carboxylate + H(+).
50186 phosphoadenylylsulfatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + H2O = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + sulfate.
50187 phosphoamidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-phosphocreatine + H(2)O = creatine + phosphate.
50188 phosphoenolpyruvate mutase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phosphoenolpyruvate = 3-phosphonopyruvate.
50189 phosphoenolpyruvate phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + phosphoenolpyruvate = phosphate + pyruvate.
50190 phosphoglucokinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + ATP = alpha-D-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).
50191 phosphoglycerate kinase (GTP) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phospho-D-glycerate + GTP = 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + GDP + H(+).
50192 phosphoglycerate phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phospho-D-glycerate + H(2)O = D-glycerate + phosphate.
50193 phosphoketolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylulose 5-phosphate + phosphate = acetyl phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H2O.
50194 phosphonoacetaldehyde hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + phosphonoacetaldehyde = acetaldehyde + H(+) + phosphate.
50195 phosphoribokinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 5-phosphate + ATP = D-ribose 1,5-diphosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).
50196 [phosphorylase] phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: [phosphorylase a] + 4 H2O = 2 [phosphorylase b] + 4 phosphate.
50197 phytanate-CoA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + CoA + phytanate = AMP + diphosphate + H(+) + phytanoyl-CoA.
50198 pinosylvin synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: trans-cinnamoyl-CoA + 3 H(+) + 3 malonyl-CoA = 4 CO(2) + 4 CoA + pinosylvin.
50199 piperidine N-piperoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (E,E)-piperoyl-CoA + piperidine = N-[(E,E)-piperoyl]piperidine + CoA + H(+).
50200 plasmalogen synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + 1-O-alk-1-enyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine = CoA + plasmenylcholine.
50201 fucokinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-fucose + ATP = beta-L-fucose 1-phosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).
50202 octopamine dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol = (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde + NH(4)(+).
50203 oxalate-CoA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + CoA + oxalate = AMP + diphosphate + H(+) + oxalyl-CoA.
50204 oxalomalate lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxalomalate = glyoxylate + oxaloacetate.
50205 oxamate carbamoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: carbamoyl phosphate + oxamate = oxalurate + phosphate.
50206 oximinotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(hydroxyimino)propanoate + acetone = acetone oxime + pyruvate.
50207 plasmanylethanolamine desaturase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: O-1-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + donor-H2 + O2 = O-1-alk-1-enyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + acceptor + 2 H2O.
50208 polysialic-acid O-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + an alpha-2,8-linked polymer of sialic acid = CoA + polysialic acid acetylated at O-7 or O-9.
50209 polyvinyl-alcohol oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: polyvinyl alcohol + O2 = oxidized polyvinyl alcohol + H2O2.
50210 prenyl-diphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: prenyl diphosphate + H2O = prenol + diphosphate.
50211 procollagen galactosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + procollagen 5-hydroxy-L-lysine = UDP + procollagen 5-(D-galactosyloxy)-L-lysine.
50212 progesterone 11-alpha-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + O(2) + progesterone = 11alpha-hydroxyprogesterone + A + H(2)O.
50213 progesterone 5-alpha-reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-alpha-pregnan-3,20-dione + NADP+ = progesterone + NADPH.
50214 progesterone monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + O(2) + progesterone = A + H(2)O + testosterone acetate.
50215 propanediol dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: propane-1,2-diol = H(2)O + propanal.
50216 propanediol-phosphate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(+) + propane-1,2-diol 1-phosphate = H(+) + hydroxyacetone phosphate + NADH.
50217 propioin synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxyhexan-3-one = 2 propanal.
50218 propionate-CoA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + propanoate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + propanoyl-CoA.
50219 prostaglandin-A1 delta-isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: prostaglandin A1 = prostaglandin C1.
50220 prostaglandin-E synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: prostaglandin H(2) = prostaglandin E(2).
50221 prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (5Z,13E)-(15S)-9-alpha,11-alpha,15-trihydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate + NADP+ = (5Z,13E)-(15S)-11-alpha,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoate + NADPH.
50223 protocatechuate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + H(+) = catechol + CO(2).
50224 prunasin beta-glucosidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-prunasin + H(2)O = D-glucose + mandelonitrile.
50225 pseudouridine kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + pseudouridine = ADP + 2 H(+) + pseudouridine 5'-phosphate.
50226 psychosine sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + galactosylsphingosine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + psychosine sulfate.
50227 pteridine oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-4-hydroxypteridine + O2 = 2-amino-4,7-dihydroxypteridine + unknown.
50228 pterin deaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-4-hydroxypteridine + H2O = 2,4-dihydroxypteridine + NH3.
50229 pterocarpin synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: medicarpin + NADP+ = vestitone + NADPH.
50230 purine imidazole-ring cyclase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: DNA 4,6-diamino-5-formamidopyrimidine = DNA adenine + H2O.
50231 putrescine carbamoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: carbamoyl phosphate + putrescine = N-carbamoylputrescine + H(+) + phosphate.
50232 putrescine oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: putrescine + O2 + H2O = 4-aminobutanal + NH3 + H2O2.
50233 pyranose oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose + O(2) = 2-dehydro-D-glucose + H(2)O(2).
50234 pyrazolylalanine synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + pyrazole = 3-(pyrazol-1-yl)-L-alanine + H(2)O.
50235 pyridoxal 4-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(+) + pyridoxal = 4-pyridoxolactone + H(+) + NADH.
50236 pyridoxine:NADP 4-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NADP(+) + pyridoxine = H(+) + NADPH + pyridoxal.
50237 pyridoxine 4-oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: pyridoxine + O2 = pyridoxal + H2O2.
50238 pyridoxine 5-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: pyridoxine + acceptor = isopyridoxal + reduced acceptor.
50239 pyrithiamine deaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(4-amino-2-methylpyrimid-5-ylmethyl)-3-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-2-methylpyridinium bromide + H2O = 1-(4-hydroxy-2-methylpyrimid-5-ylmethyl)-3-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-2-methylpyridinium bromide + NH3.
50240 pyrogallol 1,2-oxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: O(2) + pyrogallol = (Z)-5-oxohex-2-enedioate + 2 H(+).
50241 pyrroline-2-carboxylate reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-proline + NAD(P)+ = 1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate + NAD(P)H + H+.
50242 pyruvate, phosphate dikinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + phosphate + pyruvate = AMP + diphosphate + 2 H(+) + phosphoenolpyruvate.
50243 pyruvate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: CoA + NADP(+) + pyruvate = acetyl-CoA + CO(2) + NADPH.
50244 pyruvate oxidase (CoA-acetylating) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: CoA + H(+) + O(2) + pyruvate = acetyl-CoA + CO(2) + H(2)O(2).
50245 quercitrinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + quercitrin = L-rhamnose + quercetin.
50246 questin monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(+) + NADPH + O(2) + questin = demethylsulochrin + NADP(+).
50247 raucaffricine beta-glucosidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + raucaffricine = D-glucose + vomilenine.
50248 Renilla-luciferin 2-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: Renilla luciferin + O2 = oxidized Renilla luciferin + CO2 + light.
50249 Renilla-luciferin sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + Renilla luciferin = adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H(+) + luciferyl sulfate.
50250 retinal oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: retinal + O2 + H2O = retinoate + H2O2.
50251 retinol isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-retinol = 11-cis-retinol.
50252 retinol O-fatty-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + retinol = CoA + retinyl ester.
50253 retinyl-palmitate esterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: retinyl palmitate + H2O = retinol + palmitate + H+.
50254 rhodopsin kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + rhodopsin = ADP + phosphorhodopsin.
50255 ribitol 2-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribitol + NAD(+) = D-ribulose + H(+) + NADH.
50256 ribitol-5-phosphate 2-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribitol 5-phosphate + NAD(P)+ = D-ribulose 5-phosphate + NAD(P)H + H+.
50257 riboflavin phosphotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + riboflavin = D-glucose + FMN.
50258 riboflavinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + H(+) + riboflavin = D-ribitol + lumichrome.
50259 ribose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + NADP(+) + ribofuranose = D-ribonate + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
50260 ribose-5-phosphate-ammonia ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 5-phosphate + ATP + NH(4)(+) = 5-phospho-D-ribosylamine + ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphate.
50261 ribose isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ribofuranose = D-ribulose.
50262 ribosylnicotinamide kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-ribosylnicotinamide + ATP = ADP + 2 H(+) + nicotinamide mononucleotide.
50263 ribosylpyrimidine nucleosidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an N-D-ribosylpyrimidine + H2O = D-ribose + a pyrimidine.
50264 rifamycin-B oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H(+) + O(2) + rifamycin B = H(2)O(2) + rifamycin O.
50265 RNA uridylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UTP + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1).
50266 rosmarinate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: caffeoyl-CoA + 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)lactate = CoA + rosmarinate.
50267 rubber cis-polyprenylcistransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: poly-cis-polyprenyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = diphosphate + a poly-cis-polyprenyl diphosphate longer by one C5 unit.
50268 coniferyl-alcohol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: coniferyl alcohol + NADP+ = coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH.
50269 coniferyl-aldehyde dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: coniferyl aldehyde + H2O + NAD(P)+ = ferulate + NAD(P)H + H+.
50270 S-adenosylhomocysteine deaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(2)O + H(+) = S-inosyl-L-homocysteine + NH(4)(+).
50271 S-alkylcysteine lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an S-alkyl-L-cysteine + H2O = an alkyl thiol + NH3 + pyruvate.
50272 S-carboxymethylcysteine synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-chloro-L-alanine + thioglycolate = S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine + chloride + H(+).
50273 S-succinylglutathione hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-succinylglutathione + H(2)O = glutathione + H(+) + succinate.
50274 salicyl-alcohol beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: salicyl alcohol + UDP-D-glucose = H(+) + salicin + UDP.
50275 scopoletin glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: scopoletin + UDP-D-glucose = H(+) + scopolin + UDP.
50276 scyllo-inosamine 4-kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-amino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol + ATP = 1-amino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol 4-phosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).
50277 sedoheptulokinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + sedoheptulose = ADP + 2 H(+) + sedoheptulose 7-phosphate.
50278 sedoheptulose-bisphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphate + H2O = sedoheptulose 7-phosphate + phosphate.
50279 sepiapterin deaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: sepiapterin + H2O = xanthopterin-B2 + NH3.
50280 sequoyitol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-5-O-methyl-myo-inositol + NAD(+) = 2D-5-O-methyl-2,3,5/4,6-pentahydroxycyclohexanone + H(+) + NADH.
50281 serine-glyoxylate transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + glyoxylate = 3-hydroxypyruvate + glycine.
50282 serine 2-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + H2O + NAD+ = 3-hydroxypyruvate + NH3 + NADH.
50283 serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine O-sulfate + H2O = pyruvate + NH3 + sulfate.
50284 sinapate 1-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + sinapate = UDP + 1-sinapoyl-D-glucose.
50285 sinapine esterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: O-sinapoylcholine + H(2)O = choline + H(+) + sinapate.
50286 sorbitol-6-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucitol 6-phosphate + H(2)O = D-glucitol + phosphate.
50287 sorbose 5-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-sorbose + NADP(+) = 5-dehydro-D-fructose + H(+) + NADPH.
50288 sorbose dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-sorbose + A = 5-dehydro-D-fructose + AH(2).
50289 spermidine dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: spermidine + acceptor + H2O = 1,3-diaminopropane + 4-aminobutanal + reduced acceptor.
50290 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase D activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + sphingomyelin = ceramide 1-phosphate + choline + H(+).
50291 sphingosine N-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + sphingosine = CoA + N-acylsphingosine.
50292 steroid 9-alpha-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + O(2) + pregna-4,9(11)-diene-3,20-dione = 9,11alpha-epoxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione + A + H(2)O.
50293 steroid-lactonase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + testololactone = H(+) + testolate.
50294 steroid sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + a phenolic steroid = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + steroid O-sulfate.
50295 steryl-beta-glucosidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cholesteryl-beta-D-glucoside + H(2)O = D-glucose + cholesterol.
50296 stipitatonate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + stipitatonate = CO(2) + H(+) + stipitatate.
50297 stizolobate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + O2 = 4-(L-alanin-3-yl)-2-hydroxy-cis,cis-muconate 6-semialdehyde.
50298 stizolobinate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + O2 = 5-(L-alanin-3-yl)-2-hydroxy-cis,cis-muconate 6-semialdehyde.
50299 streptomycin 3''-kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + streptomycin = ADP + 2 H(+) + streptomycin 3''-phosphate.
50300 aminoglycoside 6-kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + streptomycin = ADP + 2 H(+) + streptomycin 6-phosphate.
50301 streptomycin-6-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + streptomycin 6-phosphate = phosphate + streptomycin.
50302 indole-3-acetaldehyde oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde + H(2)O + O(2) = (indol-3-yl)acetate + H(2)O(2) + H(+).
50303 lysine 6-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + NAD+ + L-lysine = NH3 + NADH + allysine.
50304 nitrous-oxide reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + 2 cytochrome c + nitrogen = 2 reduced cytochrome c + nitrous oxide.
50305 strombine dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-(carboxymethyl)-D-alanine + H(2)O + NAD(+) = glycine + H(+) + NADH + pyruvate.
50306 sucrose 1F-fructosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 sucrose = D-glucose + 1F-beta-D-fructosylsucrose.
50307 sucrose-phosphate phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose 6F-phosphate + H2O = sucrose + phosphate.
50308 sugar-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: sugar phosphate + H2O = sugar + phosphate.
50309 sugar-terminal-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + sugar phosphorylated on the terminal carbon = a sugar + phosphate.
50310 sulfite dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: sulfite + 2 ferricytochrome c + H2O = sulfate + 2 ferrocytochrome c.
50311 sulfite reductase (ferredoxin) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: hydrogen sulfide + 3 oxidized ferredoxin + 3 H2O = sulfite + 3 reduced ferredoxin.
50312 sulfoacetaldehyde lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-sulfoacetaldehyde + H2O = acetate + sulfite.
50313 sulfur dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: sulfur + O2 + H2O = sulfite.
50314 sym-norspermidine synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,3-diaminopropane + S-adenosylmethioninamine = S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + bis(3-aminopropyl)amine + H(+).
50315 synephrine dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: synephrine = (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde + methylammonium.
50316 T2-induced deoxynucleotide kinase activity F Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + dGMP = ADP + dGDP, and ATP + dTMP = ADP + dTDP.
50317 tagatose kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-tagatose + ATP = D-tagatose 6-phosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).
50318 tannase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: digallate + H(2)O = 2 gallate + H(+).
50319 tartrate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-tartrate + H(+) = D-glycerate + CO(2).
50320 tartrate epimerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-tartrate = (2R,3S)-tartrate.
50321 tau-protein kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + tau-protein = ADP + O-phospho-tau-protein.
50322 taurine-2-oxoglutarate transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: taurine + 2-oxoglutarate = sulfoacetaldehyde + L-glutamate.
50323 taurine dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: A + H(2)O + taurine = AH(2) + NH(4)(+) + sulfoacetaldehyde.
50324 taurocyamine kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + taurocyamine = N-phosphotaurocyamine + ADP + 2 H(+).
50325 tauropine dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + NAD(+) + tauropine = H(+) + NADH + pyruvate + taurine.
50326 taxifolin 8-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: taxifolin + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = 2,3-dihydrogossypetin + NAD(P)+ + H2O.
50328 tetrahydroberberine oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-tetrahydroberberine + 2 O2 = berberine + 2 H2O2.
50329 tetrahydroxypteridine cycloisomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: tetrahydroxypteridine = H(+) + xanthine-8-carboxylate.
50330 theanine hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N(5)-ethyl-L-glutamine + H(2)O = L-glutamate + ethylamine.
50331 thiamine-diphosphate kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + thiamin diphosphate = ADP + thiamin triphosphate.
50332 thiamine pyridinylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: pyridine + thiamine = 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole + heteropyrithiamine.
50333 thiamin-triphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + thiamine triphosphate = H(+) + phosphate + thiamine diphosphate.
50334 thiaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + thiamine = 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine + 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole + H(+).
50335 thiocyanate isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: benzyl isothiocyanate = benzyl thiocyanate.
50336 thioethanolamine S-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + cysteamine = S-acetylcysteamine + CoA.
50337 thiosulfate-thiol sulfurtransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = sulfite + glutathione disulfide + sulfide.
50338 thiosulfate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 thiosulfate + 2 ferricytochrome c = tetrathionate + 2 ferrocytochrome c.
50339 thymidine-triphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dTTP + H2O = dTDP + phosphate.
50340 thymidylate 5'-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: thymidylate + H2O = thymidine + phosphate.
50341 thymine dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: thymine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 5-hydroxymethyluracil + succinate + CO2.
50342 tocopherol O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol.
50343 trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (NAD+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + NAD+ = trans-didehydroacyl-CoA + NADH.
50344 trans-cinnamate 2-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: trans-cinnamate + H(+) + NADPH + O(2) = 2-coumarate + H(2)O + NADP(+).
50345 trans-epoxysuccinate hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: trans-2,3-epoxysuccinate + H(2)O = (2R,3S)-tartrate.
50346 trans-L-3-hydroxyproline dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: trans-L-3-hydroxyproline = 1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate + H(2)O + H(+).
50347 trans-octaprenyltranstransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-octaprenyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate + diphosphate.
50348 trehalose O-mycolyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 alpha,alpha'-trehalose 6-mycolate = alpha,alpha'-trehalose 6,6'-bismycolate + alpha,alpha-trehalose.
50349 triacetate-lactonase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + triacetate lactone = triacetate.
50350 trihydroxystilbene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3 malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA = 4 CoA + 3,4',5-trihydroxy-stilbene + 4 CO2.
50351 trimetaphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + trimetaphosphate = 2 H(+) + triphosphate.
50352 trimethylamine-oxide aldolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(+) + trimethylamine N-oxide = dimethylamine + formaldehyde.
50353 trimethyllysine dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + N(6),N(6),N(6)-trimethyl-L-lysine + O(2) = 3-hydroxy-N(6),N(6),N(6)-trimethyl-L-lysine + CO(2) + succinate.
50354 triokinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde + ATP = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).
50355 triphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + triphosphate = diphosphate + phosphate.
50356 tropine dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NADP(+) + tropine = H(+) + NADPH + tropinone.
50357 tropinesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: atropine + H(2)O = H(+) + tropate + tropine.
50358 tropinone reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NADP(+) + pseudotropine = H(+) + NADPH + tropinone.
50359 tropomyosin kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + tropomyosin = ADP + O-phosphotropomyosin.
50360 tryptophan 2'-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + O2 = 3-indoleglycolaldehyde + CO2 + NH3.
50361 tryptophan 2-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + O(2) = CO(2) + H(2)O + indole-3-acetamide.
50362 L-tryptophan:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + 2-oxoglutarate = indolepyruvate + L-glutamate.
50363 tryptophan dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + NAD(P)+ = (indol-3-yl)pyruvate + NH3 + NAD(P)H + H+.
50364 tryptophan dimethylallyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylallyl diphosphate + L-tryptophan = diphosphate + 4-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-L-tryptophan.
50365 tryptophanamidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophanamide + H(2)O = L-tryptophan + NH(4)(+).
50366 tyramine N-feruloyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: feruloyl-CoA + tyramine = CoA + N-feruloyltyramine.
50367 tyrosine-arginine ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine + L-tyrosine + ATP = L-tyrosyl-L-arginine + AMP + diphosphate + 2 H(+).
50368 tyrosine 2,3-aminomutase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine = 3-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate.
50369 [tyrosine 3-monooxygenase] kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [tyrosine-3-monooxygenase] = ADP + phospho-[tyrosine-3-monooxygenase].
50370 tyrosine N-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: tyrosine + O2 + NADPH + H+ = N-hydroxytyrosine + NADP+ + H2O.
50371 tyrosine phenol-lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine + H(2)O = NH(4)(+) + phenol + pyruvate.
50372 ubiquitin-calmodulin ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: n ATP + calmodulin + n ubiquitin = n AMP + n diphosphate + ubiquitin(n)-calmodulin.
50373 UDP-arabinose 4-epimerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-L-arabinose = UDP-alpha-D-xylose.
50374 UDP-galacturonate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(+) + UDP-alpha-D-galacturonate = CO(2) + UDP-L-arabinose.
50376 UDP-glucosamine 4-epimerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucosamine = UDP-galactosamine.
50377 UDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-glucose = H(2)O + UDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose.
50378 UDP-glucuronate 4-epimerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = UDP-alpha-D-galacturonate.
50379 UDP-glucuronate 5'-epimerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = UDP-L-iduronate.
50380 undecaprenyl-diphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-undecaprenyl diphosphate + H(2)O = all-trans-undecaprenyl phosphate + H(+) + phosphate.
50382 uracil-5-carboxylate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(+) + uracil 5-carboxylate = CO(2) + uracil.
50383 uracil dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: uracil + acceptor = barbiturate + reduced acceptor.
50384 urate-ribonucleotide phosphorylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)uric acid + phosphate = alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate + H(+) + urate.
50385 ureidoglycolate lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-ureidoglycolate = glyoxylate + urea.
50386 ureidosuccinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate + H(2)O + 2 H(+) = L-aspartate + CO(2) + NH(4)(+).
50387 urethanase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + H(+) + urethane = CO(2) + ethanol + NH(4)(+).
50388 uronate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-galacturonate + H(2)O + NAD(+) = galactarate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
50389 uronolactonase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucurono-6,2-lactone + H2O = D-glucuronate.
50390 valine decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-valine + H(+) = 2-methylpropanamine + CO(2).
50391 valine dehydrogenase (NADP) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-valine + H2O + NADP+ = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + NH3 + NADPH.
50392 vicianin beta-glucosidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-vicianin + H(2)O = mandelonitrile + vicianose.
50393 vinylacetyl-CoA delta-isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: vinylacetyl-CoA = crotonoyl-CoA.
50394 viomycin kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + viomycin = ADP + O-phosphoviomycin.
50395 vitexin beta-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-glucose + vitexin = H(+) + UDP + vitexin 2''-O-beta-D-glucoside.
50396 vomifoliol 4'-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (6S,9R)-6-hydroxy-3-oxo-alpha-ionol + NAD(+) = (6S)-6-hydroxy-3-oxo-alpha-ionone + H(+) + NADH.
50397 Watasenia-luciferin 2-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: Watasenia luciferin + O2 = oxidized Watasenia luciferin + CO2 + light.
50398 wax-ester hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a wax ester + H2O = a long-chain alcohol + a long-chain carboxylate.
50399 xanthommatin reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5,12-dihydroxanthommatin + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + xanthommatin.
50400 xylitol kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + xylitol = ADP + 2 H(+) + xylitol 5-phosphate.
50401 xylonate dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylonate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-arabinonate + H(2)O.
50402 xylono-1,4-lactonase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylono-1,4-lactone + H2O = D-xylonate.
50403 trans-zeatin O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: trans-zeatin + UDP-D-glucose = O-beta-D-glucosyl-trans-zeatin + H(+) + UDP.
50404 zeatin O-beta-D-xylosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-xylose + zeatin = O-beta-D-xylosylzeatin + H(+) + UDP.
50405 [acetyl-CoA carboxylase] kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [acetyl-CoA carboxylase] = ADP + [acetyl-CoA carboxylase] phosphate.
50406 [acetyl-CoA carboxylase]-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: [acetyl-CoA carboxylase]-phosphate + H2O = [acetyl-CoA carboxylase] + phosphate.
50407 [glycogen-synthase-D] phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: [glycogen-synthase D] + H2O = [glycogen-synthase I] + phosphate.
50408 [pyruvate kinase]-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: [pyruvate kinase] phosphate + H2O = [pyruvate kinase] + phosphate.
50409 indolylacetylinositol arabinosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1L-1-O-(indol-3-yl)acetyl-myo-inositol + UDP-L-arabinose = (indol-3-yl)acetyl-myo-inositol 3-L-arabinoside + H(+) + UDP.
50410 3-oxolaurate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxolaurate + H(+) = 2-undecanone + CO(2).
50411 agaritine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: agaritine + acceptor-NH2 = 4-hydroxymethylphenylhydrazine + gamma-L-glutamyl-acceptor.
50412 cinnamate beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: trans-cinnamate + UDP-D-glucose = 1-O-trans-cinnamoyl-beta-D-glucopyranose + UDP.
50413 D-alanine 2-hydroxymethyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + D-alanine + H(2)O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + 2-methylserine.
50414 formimidoylaspartate deiminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-formimidoyl-L-aspartate + H2O = N-formyl-L-aspartate + NH3.
50415 formimidoylglutamase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate + H(2)O = L-glutamate + formamide.
50416 formimidoylglutamate deiminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate + H2O = N-formyl-L-glutamate + NH3.
50417 glutamin-(asparagin-)ase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + L-glutamine = NH3 + L-glutamate; and H2O + L-asparagine = NH3 + L-aspartate.
50418 hydroxylamine reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NH3 + H2O + acceptor = hydroxylamine + reduced acceptor.
50419 hydroxymandelonitrile lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxymandelonitrile = 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + hydrocyanate.
50420 maltose synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate = maltose + 2 phosphate.
50421 nitrite reductase (NO-forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: nitric oxide + H2O + ferricytochrome c = nitrite + ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+.
50422 strictosidine beta-glucosidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3alpha(S)-strictosidine + H(2)O = D-glucose + strictosidine aglycone.
50423 thiamine oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: thiamine + 2 O2 = thiamine acetic acid + 2 H2O2.
50427 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, a naturally occurring mixed anhydride. It is an intermediate in the formation of a variety of sulfo compounds in biological systems.
50428 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, a naturally occurring mixed anhydride. It is an intermediate in the formation of a variety of sulfo compounds in biological systems.
50429 calcium-dependent phospholipase C activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphatidylcholine + H2O = 1,2-diacylglycerol + choline phosphate. This reaction requires Ca2+.
50431 transforming growth factor beta binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with TGF-beta, transforming growth factor beta, a multifunctional peptide that controls proliferation, differentiation and other functions in many cell types.
50432 catecholamine secretion P The regulated release of catecholamines by a cell. The catecholamines are a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine.
50433 regulation of catecholamine secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of catecholamines.
50434 positive regulation of viral transcription P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral transcription.
50435 beta-amyloid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-amyloid, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease, and its precursor, amyloid precursor protein (APP).
50436 microfibril binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a microfibril, any small fibril occurring in biological material.
50437 (-)-endo-fenchol synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate + H(2)O = (-)-endo-fenchol + diphosphate.
50438 2-ethylmalate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxobutanate + acetyl-CoA + H(2)O = (R)-2-ethylmalate + CoA + H(+).
50439 2-hydroxy-3-oxoadipate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + glyoxylate + H(+) = 2-hydroxy-3-oxoadipate + CO(2).
50440 2-methylcitrate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + oxaloacetate + propanoyl-CoA = (2R,3S)-2-methylcitrate + CoA + H(+).
50441 3-ethylmalate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: butanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H(2)O = 3-ethylmalate + CoA + H(+).
50442 3-propylmalate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glyoxylate + H(2)O + pentanoyl-CoA = 3-propylmalate + CoA + H(+).
50444 aquacobalamin reductase (NADPH) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 cob(II)alamin + NADP+ = 2 aquacob(III)alamin + NADPH + H+.
50445 asparagusate reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-mercapto-2-mercaptomethylpropanoate + NAD(+) = asparagusate + H(+) + NADH.
50446 azobenzene reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + aniline + NADP+ = 4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + NADPH + H+.
50447 zeatin 9-aminocarboxyethyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: O-acetyl-L-serine + zeatin = L-lupinate + acetate + H(+).
50448 beta-cyclopiazonate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: beta-cyclopiazonate + A = alpha-cyclopiazonate + AH(2).
50449 casbene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate = casbene + diphosphate.
50450 citrate (Re)-synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + H2O + oxaloacetate = citrate + CoA, where the acetyl group is added to the re-face of oxaloacetate; acetyl-CoA provides the two carbon atoms of the pro-R carboxymethyl group.
50451 CoA-disulfide reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 CoA + NAD+ = CoA-disulfide + NADH + H+.
50452 CoA-glutathione reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: CoA + glutathione + NADP+ = CoA-glutathione + NADPH + H+.
50453 cob(II)alamin reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 cob(I)alamin + H(+) + NAD(+) = 2 cob(II)alamin + NADH.
50454 coenzyme F420 hydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme F420 + H(2) + H(+) = reduced coenzyme F420.
50455 columbamine oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 columbamine + O(2) = 2 berberine + 2 H(2)O.
50456 cystine reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-cysteine + NAD(+) = L-cystine + H(+) + NADH.
50457 decylcitrate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + lauroyl-CoA + oxaloacetate = (2S,3S)-2-hydroxytridecane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate + CoA + H(+).
50458 decylhomocitrate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + H(2)O + lauroyl-CoA = (3S,4S)-3-hydroxytetradecane-1,3,4-tricarboxylate + CoA + H(+).
50459 ethanolamine-phosphate phospho-lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + phosphoethanolamine = acetaldehyde + NH(4)(+) + phosphate.
50460 hydroxylamine reductase (NADH) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NH3 + NAD+ + H2O = hydroxylamine + NADH + H+.
50461 L-mimosine synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxypyridine + O-acetyl-L-serine = 3-(3,4-dihydroxypyridinium-1-yl)-L-alanine + acetate.
50462 N-acetylneuraminate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phosphoenolpyruvate + N-acetyl-D-mannosamine + H2O = phosphate + N-acetylneuraminate.
50463 nitrate reductase [NAD(P)H] activity F Catalysis of the reaction: nitrite + NAD(P)+ + H2O = nitrate + NAD(P)H + H+.
50464 nitrate reductase (NADPH) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: nitrite + NADP+ + H2O = nitrate + NADPH + H+.
50465 nitroquinoline-N-oxide reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(hydroxyamino)quinoline N-oxide + 2 NAD(P)+ + H2O = 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide + 2 NAD(P)H + 2 H+.
50467 pentalenene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = diphosphate + pentalenene.
50468 reticuline oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-reticuline + O(2) = (S)-scoulerine + H(2)O(2) + H(+).
50469 sabinene-hydrate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate + H(2)O = diphosphate + sabinene hydrate.
50470 trimethylamine dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: trimethylamine + H2O + electron-transferring flavoprotein = dimethylamine + formaldehyde + reduced electron-transferring flavoprotein.
50471 uracilylalanine synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: O3-acetyl-L-serine + uracil = 3-(uracil-1-yl)-L-alanine + acetate.
50472 zeatin reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dihydrozeatin + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + zeatin.
50473 arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + O2 = (5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-(15S)-15-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,11,13-tetraenoate.
50474 (S)-norcoclaurine synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol + 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde = (S)-norcoclaurine + H2O.
50476 acetylenedicarboxylate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + acetylenedicarboxylate = CO2 + pyruvate.
50477 acyl-lysine deacylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-acyl-L-lysine = L-lysine + a carboxylate.
50478 anthranilate 3-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + anthranilate + O(2) = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + 7,8-dihydrobiopterin + H(2)O.
50479 glyceryl-ether monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-alkyl-sn-glycerol + O2 + (tetrahydrobiopterin/tetrahydropteridine) = 1-hydroxyalkyl-sn-glycerol + H2O + (dihydrobiopterin/dihydropteridine).
50480 imidazolonepropionase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-(4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoic acid + H(2)O = N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate + H(+).
50481 mandelate 4-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-mandelate + 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O(2) = (S)-4-hydroxymandelate + 7,8-dihydrobiopterin + H(2)O. (S)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetate is also known as S-mandelate.
50482 arachidonic acid secretion P The controlled release of arachidonic acid from a cell or a tissue.
50483 IMP 5'-nucleotidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5'-IMP + H2O = inosine + phosphate.
50484 GMP 5'-nucleotidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5'-GMP + H2O = guanosine + phosphate.
50485 oxidoreductase activity, acting on X-H and Y-H to form an X-Y bond, with a disulfide as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which X-H and Y-H form X-Y and the acceptor is disulfide.
50486 intramolecular transferase activity, transferring hydroxy groups F Catalysis of the transfer of a hydroxyl group from one position to another within a single molecule.
50487 sulfoacetaldehyde acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl phosphate + sulfite = phosphate + sulfoacetaldehyde.
50488 ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + ecdysteroid = UDP + glucosyl-ecdysteroid.
50490 1,4-lactonase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a 1,4-lactone = a 4-hydroxyacid.
50491 sulcatone reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(+) + sulcatol = H(+) + NADH + sulcatone.
50492 glycerol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + sn-glycerol-1-phosphate = NAD(P)H + H+ + dihydroxy-acetone-phosphate.
50493 GPI anchor biosynthetic process via N-threonyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-threonyl ethanolamide-linked glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor following hydrolysis of a threonyl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.
50494 GSI anchor biosynthetic process via N-glycyl-glycosylsphingolipidinositolethanolamine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-glycine ethanolamide-linked glycosylsphingolipidinositol (GSI) anchor following hydrolysis of a glycyl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.
50495 peptidyl-glycyl-phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-glycine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-glycine ethanolamide-linked phosphatide following hydrolysis of a glycyl-peptide bond, as in the cleavage of arginine from the carboxy-terminal of Apg8 followed by its amidation with phosphatidylethanolamine.
50496 peptidyl-L-glutamyl 5-omega-hydroxyceramide ester biosynthetic process from peptidyl-glutamine P The modification of peptidyl-glutamine residues by deamidation and esterification with omega-hydroxyceramide.
50497 transferase activity, transferring alkylthio groups F Catalysis of the transfer of an alkylthio group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
50498 oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, with 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, and the other dehydrogenated F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from 2-oxoglutarate and one other donor, and the latter donor is dehydrogenated.
50499 oxidoreductase activity, acting on phosphorus or arsenic in donors, with NAD(P)+ as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a phosphorus- or arsenic-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a NAD(P)+ to NAD(P)H.
50500 1,3-beta-galactosyl-N-acetylhexosamine phosphorylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phosphate + beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + alpha-D-galactopyranose 1-phosphate.
50501 hyaluronan synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-glucuronate + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = [beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)](n) + 2n UDP.
50502 cis-zeatin O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cis-zeatin + UDP-D-glucose = O-beta-D-glucosyl-cis-zeatin + H(+) + UDP.
50503 trehalose 6-phosphate phosphorylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: trehalose 6-phosphate + phosphate = glucose 6-phosphate + beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate.
50504 mannosyl-3-phosphoglycerate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phospho-D-glycerate + GDP-alpha-D-mannose = 2-(alpha-D-mannosyl)-3-phosphoglycerate + GDP + H(+).
50505 hydroquinone glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: hydroquinone + UDP-D-glucose = H(+) + hydroquinone O-beta-D-glucopyranoside + UDP.
50506 vomilenine glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-glucose + vomilenine = H(+) + raucaffricine + UDP.
50507 indoxyl-UDPG glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: indoxyl + UDP-D-glucose = H(+) + indican + UDP.
50508 glucuronosyl-N-acetylglucosaminyl-proteoglycan 4-alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1,4)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-proteoglycan + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-(1,4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1,4)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-proteoglycan + UDP.
50509 N-acetylglucosaminyl-proteoglycan 4-beta-glucuronosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-(1,4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1,4)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-(1,4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan + UDP.
50510 N-acetylgalactosaminyl-proteoglycan 3-beta-glucuronosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1,4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1,3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1,4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan + UDP.
50511 undecaprenyldiphospho-muramoylpentapeptide beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)-diphosphoundecaprenol + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = GlcNAc-(1,4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)-diphosphoundecaprenol + UDP.
50512 lactosylceramide 4-alpha-galactosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-D-glucosylceramide + UDP-galactose = alpha-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-D-glucosylceramide + UDP.
50513 glycoprotein 2-beta-D-xylosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N(4)-{N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)]-beta-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl}-L-asparagine + UDP-alpha-D-xylose = N(4)-{N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)]-[beta-D-xylosyl-(1->2)]-beta-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl}-L-asparagine + H(+) + UDP.
50514 homospermidine synthase (spermidine-specific) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: spermidine + putrescine = sym-homospermidine + propane-1,3-diamine.
50515 4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-CDP-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol + ATP = 4-CDP-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2-phosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).
50518 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate cytidylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate + CTP = 4-CDP-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol + diphosphate.
50519 holo-citrate lyase synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: apo-citrate lyase + 2'-(5''-triphosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA = diphosphate + holo-citrate lyase.
50520 phosphatidylcholine synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-diacylglycerol + choline = 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CMP + H(+).
50521 alpha-glucan, water dikinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + alpha-glucan + H2O = AMP + phospho-alpha-glucan + phosphate.
50522 oxidoreductase activity, acting on phosphorus or arsenic in donors, with other known acceptors F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which phosphorus or arsenic acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a known acceptor other than disulfide, NAD or NADP.
50524 coenzyme-B sulfoethylthiotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme B + methyl-coenzyme M = coenzyme M-coenzyme B heterodisulfide + methane. Methyl-CoM is also known as 2-(methylthio)ethanesulfonate, coenzyme B as N-(7-mercaptoheptanoyl)threonine 3-O-phosphate, and coenzyme M-coenzyme B heterodisulfide as CoM-S-S-CoB.
50525 cutinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cutin + H2O = cutin monomers.
50526 poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) depolymerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoate](n) = poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoate](x) + poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoate](n-x); x is 1-5.
50527 poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate) depolymerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + poly[(R)-3-hydroxyoctanoate](n) = poly[(R)-3-hydroxyoctanoate](x) + poly[(R)-3-hydroxyoctanoate](n-x); x is 1-5.
50528 acyloxyacyl hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(acyloxy)acyl group of bacterial toxin = 3-hydroxyacyl group of bacterial toxin + a fatty acid.
50529 polyneuridine-aldehyde esterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + polyneuridine aldehyde = 16-epivellosimine + CO(2) + methanol.
50530 glucosylglycerol 3-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-O-(beta-D-glucosyl)-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + H(2)O = 2-O-(beta-D-glucosyl)-sn-glycerol + phosphate.
50531 mannosyl-3-phosphoglycerate phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(alpha-D-mannosyl)-3-phosphoglycerate + H(2)O = 2-(alpha-D-mannosyl)-D-glycerate + phosphate.
50532 2-phosphosulfolactate phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (2R)-O-phospho-3-sulfolactate + H(2)O = (R)-3-sulfolactate + phosphate.
50533 5-phytase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + myo-inositol hexakisphosphate = phosphate + 1L-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,6-pentakisphosphate.
50534 3-deoxyoctulosonase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-deoxyoctulosonyl-lipopolysaccharide + H2O = 3-deoxyoctulosonic acid + lipopolysaccharide.
50535 beta-primeverosidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a 6-O-(beta-D-xylopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside + H2O = 6-O-(beta-D-xylopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranose + an alcohol.
50536 (S)-N-acetyl-1-phenylethylamine hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetylphenylethylamine + H(2)O = acetate + phenylethylamine.
50537 mandelamide amidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-mandelamide + H(2)O = (R)-mandelate + NH(4)(+).
50538 N-carbamoyl-L-amino-acid hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-carbamoyl-L-2-amino acid + H2O = L-2-amino acid + NH3 + CO2. The N-carbamoyl-L-2-amino acid is a 2-ureido carboxylate.
50539 maleimide hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + maleimide = H(+) + maleamate.
50540 2-aminomuconate deaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-aminomuconate + H(2)O + H(+) = (Z)-5-oxohex-2-enedioate + NH(4)(+).
50541 beta,beta-carotene-9',10'-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: beta-carotene + O2 = beta-apo-10'-carotenal + beta-ionone.
50542 icosanoid binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with icosanoids, any C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids or their derivatives, including the leukotrienes and the prostanoids.
50543 icosatetraenoic acid binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with icosatetraenoic acid, any straight-chain fatty acid with twenty carbon atoms and four double bonds per molecule.
50544 arachidonic acid binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with arachidonic acid, a straight chain fatty acid with 20 carbon atoms and four double bonds per molecule. Arachidonic acid is the all-Z-(5,8,11,14)-isomer.
50545 sulfopyruvate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-sulfopyruvate + H(+) = CO(2) + sulfoacetaldehyde.
50546 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + H(+) = (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde + CO(2).
50547 vanillin synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propanoyl-CoA = acetyl-CoA + vanillin.
50548 trans-feruloyl-CoA hydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: trans-feruloyl-CoA + H2O = 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl-beta-hydroxypropionyl-CoA.
50549 cyclohexyl-isocyanide hydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-cyclohexylformamide + H(+) = cyclohexyl isocyanide + H(2)O.
50550 pinene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate = pinene + diphosphate.
50551 myrcene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate = diphosphate + myrcene.
50552 (4S)-limonene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate = (4S)-limonene + diphosphate.
50553 taxadiene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate = diphosphate + taxa-4,11-diene.
50554 abietadiene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-copalyl diphosphate = (-)-abietadiene + diphosphate.
50555 2-hydroxypropyl-CoM lyase activity F Catalysis of the reactions: (R)-2-hydroxypropyl-CoM = H-S-CoM + (R)-1,2-epoxypropane, and (S)-2-hydroxypropyl-CoM = H-S-CoM + (S)-1,2-epoxypropane.
50556 deacetylisoipecoside synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: deacetylisoipecoside + H(2)O = dopamine + secologanin.
50557 deacetylipecoside synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: deacetylipecoside + H(2)O = dopamine + secologanin.
50558 maltose epimerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-maltose = beta-maltose.
50559 copalyl diphosphate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate = (+)-copalyl diphosphate.
50560 aspartate-tRNA(Asn) ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA(Asx) + L-aspartate + ATP = aspartyl-tRNA(Asx) + diphosphate + AMP.
50561 glutamate-tRNA(Gln) ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA(Glx) + L-glutamate + ATP = glutamyl-tRNA(Glx) + diphosphate + AMP.
50562 lysine-tRNA(Pyl) ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA(Pyl) + L-lysine + ATP = L-lysyl-tRNA(Pyl) + diphosphate + AMP.
50563 trans-feruloyl-CoA synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ferulic acid + CoASH + ATP = trans-feruloyl-CoA + products of ATP breakdown.
50564 N-(5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-2-aminoadipate + L-cysteine + L-valine + 3 ATP + H(2)O = N-[(5S)-5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl]-L-cysteinyl-D-valine + 3 AMP + 3 diphosphate + 6 H(+).
50565 aerobactin synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 N(6)-acetyl-N(6)-hydroxy-L-lysine + 4 ATP + citrate + 2 H(2)O = 4 ADP + aerobactin + 8 H(+) + 4 phosphate.
50566 asparaginyl-tRNA synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamine + aspartyl-tRNA(Asn) + ATP = L-glutamate + asparaginyl-tRNA(Asn) + phosphate + ADP.
50567 glutaminyl-tRNA synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamine + glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) + ATP = L-glutamate + glutaminyl-tRNA(Gln) + phosphate + ADP.
50568 protein-glutamine glutaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: protein L-glutamine + H2O = protein L-glutamate + NH3.
50569 glycolaldehyde dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glycolaldehyde + H(2)O + NAD(+) = glycolate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
50570 4-hydroxythreonine-4-phosphate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(phosphonooxy)-threonine + NAD+ = 2-amino-3-oxo-4-phosphonooxybutyrate + NADH + H+.
50571 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol + NADP(+) = 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose + H(+) + NADPH.
50572 L-idonate 5-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-idonate + NAD(P)+ = 5-dehydrogluconate + NAD(P)H + H+.
50573 dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxyglucose reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-D-fucose + NADP(+) = dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-alpha-D-glucose + H(+) + NADPH.
50574 2-(R)-hydroxypropyl-CoM dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(R)-hydroxypropyl-coenzyme M + NAD(+) = 2-oxopropyl-coenzyme M + H(+) + NADH.
50575 2-(S)-hydroxypropyl-CoM dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(S)-hydroxypropyl-coenzyme M + NAD(+) = 2-oxopropyl-coenzyme M + H(+) + NADH.
50577 GDP-L-fucose synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-L-fucose + NAD+ = GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose + NADH + H+.
50578 (R)-2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-sulfolactate + NAD(P)+ = 3-sulfopyruvate + NAD(P)H + H+.
50579 vellosimine dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 10-deoxysarpagine + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + vellosimine.
50580 2,5-didehydrogluconate reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-D-gluconate + NADP+ = 2,5-didehydro-D-gluconate + NADPH + H+.
50581 D-mannitol oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: mannitol + O2 = mannose + H2O2.
50582 xylitol oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: xylitol + O2 = xylose + H2O2.
50583 hydrogen dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + H2 = NADPH + H+.
50584 linoleate 11-lipoxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: linoleate + O(2) = (9Z,11S,12Z)-11-hydroperoxyoctadeca-9,12-dienoate.
50585 4-hydroxymandelate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + O2 = 4-hydroxymandelate + CO2.
50586 3-hydroxy-2-methylquinolin-4-one 2,4-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-2-methylquinolin-4(1H)-one + H(+) + O(2) = N-acetylanthranilate + CO.
50587 chlorite O2-lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: chloride + O(2) = chlorite.
50588 apo-beta-carotenoid-14',13'-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 8'-apo-beta-carotenol + O(2) = (E,E)-7-hydroxy-6-methylhepta-3,5-dienal + 14'-apo-beta-carotenal.
50589 leucocyanidin oxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: leucocyanidin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = cis- or trans-dihydroquercetin + succinate + CO2 + 2 H2O.
50590 desacetoxyvindoline 4-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: desacetoxyvindoline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = desacetylvindoline + succinate + CO2.
50591 quinine 3-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(+) + NADPH + O(2) + quinine = 3-hydroxyquinine + H(2)O + NADP(+).
50592 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde oxime monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (Z)-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde oxime + H(+) + NADPH + O(2) = (S)-4-hydroxymandelonitrile + 2 H(2)O + NADP(+).
50593 N-methylcoclaurine 3'-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-N-methylcoclaurine + H(+) + NADPH + O(2) = (S)-3'-hydroxy-N-methylcoclaurine + H(2)O + NADP(+).
50594 tabersonine 16-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(+) + NADPH + O(2) + tabersonine = 16-hydroxytabersonine + H(2)O + NADP(+).
50595 7-deoxyloganin 7-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 7-deoxyloganin + NADPH + H+ + O2 = loganin + NADP+ + H2O.
50596 vinorine hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(+) + NADPH + O(2) + vinorine = H(2)O + NADP(+) + vomilenine.
50597 taxane 10-beta-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(+) + NADPH + O(2) + taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-yl acetate = 10beta-hydroxytaxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-yl acetate + H(2)O + NADP(+).
50598 taxane 13-alpha-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(+) + NADPH + O(2) + taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-ol = H(2)O + NADP(+) + taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha,13alpha-diol.
50599 deacetoxycephalosporin-C synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + O(2) + penicillin N = CO(2) + deacetoxycephalosporin C + H(2)O + succinate.
50600 myristoyl-CoA 11-(E) desaturase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: myristoyl-CoA + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = (E)-11-tetradecenoyl-CoA + NAD(P)+ + 2 H2O.
50601 myristoyl-CoA 11-(Z) desaturase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: myristoyl-CoA + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = (Z)-11-tetradecenoyl-CoA + NAD(P)+ + 2 H2O.
50602 monoprenyl isoflavone epoxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + NADPH + H+ + 7-O-methylluteone = H2O + NADP+ + dihydrofurano derivatives.
50603 thiophene-2-carbonyl-CoA monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + O(2) + thiophene-2-carbonyl-CoA = 5-hydroxythiophene-2-carbonyl-CoA + A + H(2)O + H(+).
50604 taxadiene 5-alpha-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + O(2) + taxa-4,11-diene = A + H(2)O + taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-ol.
50605 superoxide reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: superoxide + reduced rubredoxin + 2 H+ = H2O2 + rubredoxin.
50606 4-carboxy-2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde hemiacetal dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-carboxy-2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde hemiacetal + NADP(+) = 2-oxo-2H-pyran-4,6-dicarboxylate + H(+) + NADPH.
50607 mycothiol-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: formaldehyde + mycothiol + NAD+ = S-formylmycothiol + NADH + H+.
50608 vanillin dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + NAD(+) + vanillin = 2 H(+) + NADH + vanillate.
50609 phosphonate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + NAD(+) + phosphonate = 2 H(+) + NADH + phosphate.
50610 methylarsonate reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 glutathione + H(+) + methylarsonate = glutathione disulfide + H(2)O + methylarsonous acid.
50611 arsenate reductase (azurin) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + arsenite + 2 oxidized azurin = 2 H(+) + 2 reduced azurin + arsenate.
50612 arsenate reductase (donor) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: A + arsenite + H(2)O = AH(2) + arsenate + 2 H(+).
50613 delta14-sterol reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + 4,4-dimethyl-5-alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3-beta-ol = NADPH + H+ + 4,4-dimethyl-5-alpha-cholesta-8,14,24-trien-3-beta-ol.
50614 delta24-sterol reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + 5-alpha-cholest-7-en-3-beta-ol = NADPH + H+ + 5-alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3-beta-ol.
50615 1,2-dihydrovomilenine reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 17-O-acetylnorajmaline + NADP(+) = 1,2-dihydrovomilenine + H(+) + NADPH.
50616 secologanin synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: loganin + NADPH + H+ + O2 = secologanin + NADP+ + 2 H2O.
50617 15,16-dihydrobiliverdin:ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 15,16-dihydrobiliverdin + oxidized ferredoxin = biliverdin IXa + reduced ferredoxin.
50618 phycoerythrobilin:ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (3Z)-phycoerythrobilin + oxidized ferredoxin = 15,16-dihydrobiliverdin + reduced ferredoxin.
50619 phytochromobilin:ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (3Z)-phytochromobilin + oxidized ferredoxin = biliverdin IXa + reduced ferredoxin.
50620 phycocyanobilin:ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (3Z)-phycocyanobilin + oxidized ferredoxin = biliverdin IXa + reduced ferredoxin.
50621 tryptophan alpha,beta-oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + O(2) = alpha,beta-didehydrotryptophan + H(2)O(2) + H(+).
50622 glycine dehydrogenase (cyanide-forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glycine + 2 A = HCN + CO2 + 2 AH2.
50623 berberine reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-canadine + 2 NADP(+) = berberine + H(+) + 2 NADPH.
50624 vomilenine reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydrovomilenine + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + vomilenine.
50625 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone + 2 H(+) + NADH = benzene-1,2,4-triol + NAD(+).
50626 trimethylamine-N-oxide reductase (cytochrome c) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: trimethylamine + 2 (ferricytochrome c)-subunit + H2O = trimethylamine-N-oxide + 2 (ferrocytochrome c)-subunit + 2 H+.
50627 mycothione reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + mycothiol = NAD(P)H + H+ + mycothione.
50628 2-oxopropyl-CoM reductase (carboxylating) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetoacetate + coenzyme M + NADP(+) = 2-oxopropyl-coenzyme M + CO(2) + NADPH.
50629 tetrachloroethene reductive dehalogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: trichloroethene + chloride + acceptor = tetrachloroethene + reduced acceptor.
50630 (iso)eugenol O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + isoeugenol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + isomethyleugenol.
50631 corydaline synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 2 NADPH + palmatine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + corydaline + 2 NADP(+).
50632 propionyl-CoA C2-trimethyltridecanoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoA + propanoyl-CoA = 3-oxopristanoyl-CoA + CoA.
50633 acetyl-CoA C-myristoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: myristoyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA = 3-oxopalmitoyl-CoA + CoA.
50634 phloroisovalerophenone synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: isovaleryl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA = 4 CoASH + 3 CO2 + 3-methyl-1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)butan-1-one.
50635 acridone synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-methylanthranilyl-CoA + 3 H(+) + 3 malonyl-CoA = 1,3-dihydroxy-N-methylacridone + 3 CO(2) + 4 CoA + H(2)O.
50636 vinorine synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 16-epivellosimine + acetyl-CoA = CoA + vinorine.
50637 lovastatin nonaketide synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + acetyl-CoA + 18 H(+) + 8 malonyl-CoA + 11 NADPH = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 8 CO(2) + 9 CoA + dihydromonacolin L + 6 H(2)O + 11 NADP(+).
50638 taxadien-5-alpha-ol O-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-ol = CoA + taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-yl acetate.
50639 10-hydroxytaxane O-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 10-desacetyltaxuyunnanin C + acetyl-CoA = CoA + taxuyunnanin C.
50640 isopenicillin-N N-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phenylacetyl-CoA + isopenicillin N + H2O = CoA + penicillin G + L-2-aminohexanedioate.
50641 6-methylsalicylic acid synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + 3 H(+) + 3 malonyl-CoA + NADPH = 6-methylsalicylate + 3 CO(2) + 4 CoA + H(2)O + NADP(+).
50642 2-alpha-hydroxytaxane 2-O-benzoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 10-deacetyl-2-debenzoylbaccatin III + benzoyl-CoA = 10-deacetylbaccatin III + CoA.
50643 10-deacetylbaccatin III 10-O-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 10-deacetylbaccatin III + acetyl-CoA = baccatin III + CoA.
50644 cis-p-coumarate glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cis-4-coumarate + UDP-D-glucose = 4'-O-beta-D-glucosyl-cis-4-coumarate + H(+) + UDP.
50645 limonoid glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + limonin = glucosyl-limonin + UDP.
50646 5-oxo-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-icosatetraenoic acid binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with 5-oxo-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-icosatetraenoic acid, a straight-chain fatty acid with twenty carbon atoms and four double bonds.
50647 5-hydroxy-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-icosatetraenoic acid binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with 5-hydroxy-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-icosatetraenoic acid, a straight-chain fatty acid with twenty carbon atoms and four double bonds.
50648 5(S)-hydroxyperoxy-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-icosatetraenoic acid binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with 5(S)-hydroxyperoxy-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-icosatetraenoic acid, a straight-chain fatty acid with twenty carbon atoms and four double bonds.
50649 testosterone 6-beta-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: testosterone + donor-H2 + O2 = 6-beta-hydroxytestosterone + H2O.
50650 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, any glycoprotein whose glycosaminoglycan units are chondroitin sulfate. Chondroitin sulfates are a group of 10-60 kDa glycosaminoglycans, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues; the repeat units consist of beta-(1,4)-linked D-glucuronyl beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfate.
50651 dermatan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dermatan sulfate proteoglycan, any glycoprotein whose glycosaminoglycan units are dermatan sulfate (chondroitin sulfate B). Dermatan sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan with repeats consisting of beta-(1,4)-linked L-iduronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate units.
50652 dermatan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process, polysaccharide chain biosynthetic process P The elongation of dermatan sulfate proteoglycan chains by alternate addition of N-acetylhexosamine and GlcUA residues to the GAG-protein linkage region tetrasaccharide of dermatan sulfate.
50653 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process, polysaccharide chain biosynthetic process P The elongation of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan chains by alternate addition of N-acetylhexosamine and GlcUA residues to the GAG-protein linkage region tetrasaccharide of chondroitin sulfate.
50654 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, any glycoprotein whose glycosaminoglycan units are chondroitin sulfate. Chondroitin sulfates are a group of 10-60 kDa glycosaminoglycans, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues; the repeat units consist of beta-(1,4)-linked D-glucuronyl beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfate.
50655 dermatan sulfate proteoglycan metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving dermatan sulfate proteoglycan, any glycoprotein whose glycosaminoglycan units are dermatan sulfate (chondroitin sulfate B). Dermatan sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan with repeats consisting of beta-(1,4)-linked L-iduronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate units.
50656 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS), a naturally occurring mixed anhydride. It is an intermediate in the formation of a variety of sulfo compounds in biological systems.
50657 nucleic acid transport P The directed movement of nucleic acids, single or double-stranded polynucleotides involved in the storage, transmission and transfer of genetic information, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
50658 RNA transport P The directed movement of RNA, ribonucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
50659 N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reactions: 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + dermatan = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + dermatan 6'-sulfate and 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + chondroitin = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin 6'-sulfate.
50660 flavin adenine dinucleotide binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with FAD, flavin-adenine dinucleotide, the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes, in either the oxidized form, FAD, or the reduced form, FADH2.
50661 NADP binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; binding may be to either the oxidized form, NADP+, or the reduced form, NADPH.
50662 coenzyme binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a coenzyme, any of various nonprotein organic cofactors that are required, in addition to an enzyme and a substrate, for an enzymatic reaction to proceed.
50663 cytokine secretion P The regulated release of cytokines from a cell. Cytokines are any of a group of proteins that function to control the survival, growth and differentiation of tissues and cells, and which have autocrine and paracrine activity.
50664 oxidoreductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H, oxygen as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which NADH or NADPH acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an oxygen molecule.
50665 hydrogen peroxide biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a potentially harmful byproduct of aerobic cellular respiration which can cause damage to DNA.
50666 regulation of homocysteine metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving homocysteine, the amino acid alpha-amino-gamma-mercaptobutanoic acid.
50667 homocysteine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving homocysteine, the amino acid alpha-amino-gamma-mercaptobutanoic acid. Homocysteine is an important intermediate in the metabolic reactions of its S-methyl derivative, methionine.
50668 positive regulation of homocysteine metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving homocysteine.
50669 negative regulation of homocysteine metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving homocysteine.
50670 regulation of lymphocyte proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte proliferation.
50671 positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of lymphocyte proliferation.
50672 negative regulation of lymphocyte proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of lymphocyte proliferation.
50673 epithelial cell proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Epithelial cells make up the epithelium, the covering of internal and external surfaces of the body, including the lining of vessels and other small cavities. It consists of cells joined by small amounts of cementing substances.
50674 urothelial cell proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of urothelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Urothelial cells make up a layer of transitional epithelium in the wall of the bladder, ureter, and renal pelvis, external to the lamina propria.
50675 regulation of urothelial cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of urothelial cell proliferation.
50676 negative regulation of urothelial cell proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of urothelial cell proliferation.
50677 positive regulation of urothelial cell proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of urothelial cell proliferation.
50678 regulation of epithelial cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation.
50679 positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation.
50680 negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation.
50681 androgen receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an androgen receptor.
50682 AF-2 domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the AF-2 domain of a protein, a highly conserved ligand-dependent transactivation domain which is essential for receptor-mediated transcriptional activation.
50683 AF-1 domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the AF-1 domain of a protein, a ligand-independent transactivation domain which is required for the full transcriptional activity of the receptor.
50684 regulation of mRNA processing P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA processing, those processes involved in the conversion of a primary mRNA transcript into a mature mRNA prior to its translation into polypeptide.
50685 positive regulation of mRNA processing P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA processing.
50686 negative regulation of mRNA processing P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA processing.
50687 negative regulation of defense response to virus P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of antiviral mechanisms, thereby facilitating viral replication.
50688 regulation of defense response to virus P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the antiviral response of a cell or organism.
50689 negative regulation of defense response to virus by host P Any host process that results in the inhibition of antiviral immune response mechanisms, thereby facilitating viral replication. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
50690 regulation of defense response to virus by virus P Any viral process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the antiviral response of the host cell or organism.
50691 regulation of defense response to virus by host P Any host process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the antiviral response of a host cell or organism.
50692 DBD domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the DBD, DNA binding domain, of a protein. The DNA binding domain of the vitamin D receptor, one of a family of receptors with the DBD, is split into three regions, the P, D and T boxes. Residues that are critical for target sequence selectivity form the P-box. The D-box contains residues that are important for homodimerization of class I nuclear receptors. The T-box is essential for both DNA-binding and transactivation of the VDR; this region may also be important for dimerization with RXR for class II nuclear receptors.
50693 LBD domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the LBD, the ligand binding domain found in nuclear receptors. In general, the LBDs consist of three layers comprised of twelve alpha-helices and several beta-strands that are organized around a lipophilic ligand-binding pocket.
50694 galactose 3-O-sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyllactosamine + 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate = 3-sulfo-N-acetyllactosamine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate. N-acetyllactosamine residues are found in a number of different carbohydrate types. N-acetyllactosamine can also be written as Gal-beta-(1,4)-GlcNAc.
50695 benzoylformate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: benzoylformate = benzaldehyde + CO2.
50696 trichloroethylene catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of trichloroethylene, a toxic, colorless, photoreactive, chlorinated hydrocarbon liquid, commonly used as a metal degreaser and solvent.
50697 1,1,2-trichloroethene reductive dehalogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: trichloroethene + 2 H+ + 2 e- = HCl + 1,2-dichloroethene.
50698 proteoglycan sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + proteoglycan = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + proteoglycan sulfate. A proteoglycan is a glycoprotein whose carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.
50699 WW domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a WW domain of a protein, a small module composed of 40 amino acids and plays a role in mediating protein-protein interactions via proline-rich regions.
50700 CARD domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a CARD (N-terminal caspase recruitment) domain, a protein-protein interaction domain that belongs to the death domain-fold superfamily. These protein molecule families are similar in structure with each consisting of six or seven anti-parallel alpha-helices that form highly specific homophilic interactions between signaling partners. CARD exists in the N-terminal prodomains of several caspases and in apoptosis-regulatory proteins and mediates the assembly of CARD-containing proteins that participate in activation or suppression of CARD carrying members of the caspase family.
50701 interleukin-1 secretion P The regulated release of interleukin-1 from a cell. Interleukin 1 is produced mainly by activated macrophages; it stimulates thymocyte proliferation by inducing interleukin 2 release and it is involved in the inflammatory response.
50702 interleukin-1 beta secretion P The regulated release of interleukin 1 beta from a cell.
50703 interleukin-1 alpha secretion P The regulated release of interleukin-1 alpha from a cell.
50704 regulation of interleukin-1 secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of interleukin-1 from a cell.
50705 regulation of interleukin-1 alpha secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of interleukin-1 alpha from a cell.
50706 regulation of interleukin-1 beta secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of interleukin-1 beta from a cell.
50707 regulation of cytokine secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of cytokines from a cell.
50708 regulation of protein secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell.
50709 negative regulation of protein secretion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell.
50710 negative regulation of cytokine secretion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of cytokines from a cell.
50711 negative regulation of interleukin-1 secretion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of interleukin-1 from a cell.
50712 negative regulation of interleukin-1 alpha secretion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of interleukin-1 alpha from a cell.
50713 negative regulation of interleukin-1 beta secretion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of interleukin-1 beta from a cell.
50714 positive regulation of protein secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell.
50715 positive regulation of cytokine secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of cytokines from a cell.
50716 positive regulation of interleukin-1 secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of interleukin-1 from a cell.
50717 positive regulation of interleukin-1 alpha secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of interleukin-1 alpha from a cell.
50718 positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of interleukin-1 beta from a cell.
50719 interleukin-1 alpha biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-1 alpha.
50720 interleukin-1 beta biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-1 beta.
50721 regulation of interleukin-1 alpha biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-1 alpha.
50722 regulation of interleukin-1 beta biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-1 beta.
50723 negative regulation of interleukin-1 alpha biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-1 alpha.
50724 negative regulation of interleukin-1 beta biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-1 beta.
50725 positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-1 beta.
50726 positive regulation of interleukin-1 alpha biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-1 alpha.
50727 regulation of inflammatory response P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response, the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents.
50728 negative regulation of inflammatory response P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response.
50729 positive regulation of inflammatory response P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response.
50730 regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine.
50731 positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine.
50732 negative regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine.
50733 RS domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RS domain of a protein; RS domains are usually highly phosphorylated and characterized by the presence of arginine (R)/serine (S) dipeptides. The RS domain promotes protein-protein interactions and directs subcellular localization and, in certain situations, nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of individual SR proteins. They also play a role in splicing.
50734 hydroxycinnamoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a hydroxycinnamoyl group to an acceptor molecule.
50735 N-malonyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a malonyl group to a nitrogen atom on the acceptor molecule.
50736 O-malonyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a malonyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.
50737 O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a hydroxycinnamoyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.
50738 fructosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a fructosyl group to an acceptor molecule, typically another carbohydrate or a lipid.
50739 peptide cross-linking via S-[5'-(L-tryptoph-6'-yl)-L-tyrosin-3'-yl]-L-methionin-S-ium P The cross-linking of a tyrosine residue to a tryptophan residue and a methionine residue to form S-[5'-(L-tryptoph-6'-yl)-L-tyrosin-3'-yl]-L-methionin-S-ium.
50740 protein-FMN linkage via O3-riboflavin phosphoryl-L-threonine P The formation of a protein-FMN linkage via O3-riboflavin phosphoryl-L-threonine.
50741 protein-FMN linkage via O3-riboflavin phosphoryl-L-serine P The formation of a protein-FMN linkage via O3-riboflavin phosphoryl-L-serine.
50742 protein-FMN linkage via S-(4a-FMN)-L-cysteine P The formation of a protein-FMN linkage via S-(4a-FMN)-L-cysteine.
50743 protein-FMN linkage via 1'-(8alpha-FMN)-L-histidine P The formation of a protein-FMN linkage via 1'-(8alpha-FMN)-L-histidine.
50744 protein-FMN linkage via 3'-(8alpha-FMN)-L-histidine P The formation of a protein-FMN linkage via 3'-(8alpha-FMN)-L-histidine.
50745 peptide cross-linking via L-cysteinyl-5-imidazolinone glycine P The formation of a protein active site cross-link from the alpha-carboxyl carbon of residue N, a cysteine, to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue N+2, a glycine, coupled with the formation of a double bond to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue N+1 which loses one hydrogen, and the loss of a molecule of water.
50746 regulation of lipoprotein metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoproteins, any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids.
50747 positive regulation of lipoprotein metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoproteins, any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids.
50748 negative regulation of lipoprotein metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoproteins, any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids.
50750 low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a low-density lipoprotein receptor.
50751 fractalkine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fractalkine, a chemokine involved in the control of the key regulatory mechanisms of cell trafficking at sites of inflammation. It exists as a secreted protein and in a membrane-bound form, and exhibits a novel C-X-X-X-C cysteine signature motif. The counterpart of human fractalkine is murine neurotactin; fractalkine is also referred to as CX3C membrane-anchored chemokine or ABCD-3 and has been renamed CX3CL1.
50752 regulation of fractalkine biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fractalkine, a chemokine involved in the control of the key regulatory mechanisms of cell trafficking at sites of inflammation.
50753 negative regulation of fractalkine biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fractalkine, a chemokine involved in the control of the key regulatory mechanisms of cell trafficking at sites of inflammation.
50754 positive regulation of fractalkine biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fractalkine, a chemokine involved in the control of the key regulatory mechanisms of cell trafficking at sites of inflammation.
50755 chemokine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving chemokines, any member of a family of small chemotactic cytokines; their name is derived from their ability to induce directed chemotaxis in nearby responsive cells. All chemokines possess a number of conserved cysteine residues involved in intramolecular disulfide bond formation. Some chemokines are considered pro-inflammatory and can be induced during an immune response to recruit cells of the immune system to a site of infection, while others are considered homeostatic and are involved in controlling the migration of cells during normal processes of tissue maintenance or development. Chemokines are found in all vertebrates, some viruses and some bacteria.
50756 fractalkine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving fractalkine, a chemokine involved in the control of the key regulatory mechanisms of cell trafficking at sites of inflammation. It exists as a secreted protein and in a membrane-bound form, and exhibits a novel C-X-X-X-C cysteine signature motif. The counterpart of human fractalkine is murine neurotactin; fractalkine is also referred to as CX3C membrane-anchored chemokine or ABCD-3 and has been renamed CX3CL1.
50757 thymidylate synthase biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the enzyme thymidylate synthase, which catalyzes the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + dUMP = dihydrofolate + dTMP.
50758 regulation of thymidylate synthase biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the enzyme thymidylate synthase.
50759 positive regulation of thymidylate synthase biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the enzyme thymidylate synthase.
50760 negative regulation of thymidylate synthase biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the enzyme thymidylate synthase.
50761 depsipeptide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving depsipeptides, a linear or cyclic compound composed of both amino acids and hydroxy acids in peptide and ester bonds respectively.
50762 depsipeptide catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of depsipeptides, a linear or cyclic compound composed of both amino acids and hydroxy acids in peptide and ester bonds respectively.
50763 depsipeptide biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of depsipeptides, a linear or cyclic compound composed of both amino acids and hydroxy acids in peptide and ester bonds respectively.
50764 regulation of phagocytosis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis, the process in which phagocytes engulf external particulate material.
50765 negative regulation of phagocytosis P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis.
50766 positive regulation of phagocytosis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis.
50767 regulation of neurogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the origin and formation of neurons.
50768 negative regulation of neurogenesis P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the origin and formation of neurons.
50769 positive regulation of neurogenesis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the origin and formation of neurons.
50770 regulation of axonogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis, the generation of an axon, the long process of a neuron.
50771 negative regulation of axonogenesis P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis.
50772 positive regulation of axonogenesis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis.
50773 regulation of dendrite development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite development.
50774 negative regulation of dendrite morphogenesis P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite morphogenesis.
50775 positive regulation of dendrite morphogenesis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite morphogenesis.
50776 regulation of immune response P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus.
50777 negative regulation of immune response P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus.
50778 positive regulation of immune response P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus.
50779 RNA destabilization P Any process that decreases the stability of an RNA molecule, making it more vulnerable to degradative processes.
50780 dopamine receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a dopamine receptor.
50781 ortho-trichlorophenol reductive dehalogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,6-trichlorophenol + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 2,4-dichlorophenol + HCl.
50782 galactose uniporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: galactose (out) = galactose(in).
50783 cocaine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving cocaine, an alkaloid obtained from the dried leaves of the shrub Erythroxylon coca. It is a cerebral stimulant and narcotic.
50784 cocaine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cocaine, an alkaloid obtained from the dried leaves of the shrub Erythroxylon coca. It is a cerebral stimulant and narcotic.
50785 advanced glycation end-product receptor activity F Combining with advanced glycation end-products and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity. Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) form from a series of chemical reactions after an initial glycation event (a non-enzymatic reaction between reducing sugars and free amino groups of proteins).
50786 RAGE receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the RAGE receptor, the receptor for advanced glycation end-products.
50787 detoxification of mercury ion P Any process that reduce or remove the toxicity of mercuric ion. These include transport of mercury away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of mercury ion and/or reduction of mercury ion (Hg[II]) to metallic mercury (Hg[0]).
50788 sequestering of mercury P The process of binding or confining toxic mercury ions or atoms such that they are separated from sensitive components of a biological system.
50789 regulation of biological process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule.
50790 regulation of catalytic activity P Any process that modulates the activity of an enzyme.
50792 regulation of viral process P Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the viral life cycle, the set of processes by which a virus reproduces and spreads among hosts.
50793 regulation of developmental process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).
50794 regulation of cellular process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.
50795 regulation of behavior P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli.
50796 regulation of insulin secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin.
50797 thymidylate synthase (FAD) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + dUMP + NADPH + H+ = dTMP + tetrahydrofolate + NADP+.
50798 activated T cell proliferation P The expansion of a T cell population following activation by an antigenic stimulus.
50799 cocaine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cocaine, an alkaloid obtained from the dried leaves of the shrub Erythroxylon coca. It is a cerebral stimulant and narcotic.
50801 ion homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of ions within an organism or cell.
50802 circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep P The part of the circadian sleep/wake cycle where the organism is asleep.
50803 regulation of synapse structure or activity P Any process that modulates the physical form or the activity of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell).
50804 modulation of synaptic transmission P Any process that modulates the frequency or amplitude of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse. Amplitude, in this case, refers to the change in postsynaptic membrane potential due to a single instance of synaptic transmission.
50805 negative regulation of synaptic transmission P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse.
50806 positive regulation of synaptic transmission P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse.
50807 regulation of synapse organization P Any process that modulates the physical form of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell).
50808 synapse organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell).
50809 diazepam binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with diazepam, one of the most widely used benzodiazepine drugs. It is used as an anti-anxiety-hypnotic agent and has the proprietary name Valium.
50810 regulation of steroid biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus.
50811 GABA receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) receptor.
50812 regulation of acyl-CoA biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acyl-CoA.
50813 epothilone metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving epothilone, a drug obtained from the myxobacteria Sporangium cellulosum that interferes with cell division. Some epothilones are being studied as treatments for cancer.
50814 epothilone biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of epothilone, a drug obtained from the myxobacteria Sporangium cellulosum that interferes with cell division. Some epothilones are being studied as treatments for cancer.
50815 phosphoserine binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a phosphorylated serine residue within a protein.
50816 phosphothreonine binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a phosphorylated threonine residue within a protein.
50817 coagulation P The process in which a fluid solution, or part of it, changes into a solid or semisolid mass.
50818 regulation of coagulation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of coagulation, the process in which a fluid solution, or part of it, changes into a solid or semisolid mass.
50819 negative regulation of coagulation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of coagulation.
50820 positive regulation of coagulation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of coagulation.
50821 protein stabilization P Any process involved in maintaining the structure and integrity of a protein and preventing it from degradation or aggregation.
50822 peptide stabilization P Any process involved in maintaining the structure and integrity of a peptide and preventing it from being degraded.
50823 peptide antigen stabilization P Any process involved in maintaining the structure and integrity of a peptide antigen and preventing it from being degraded.
50824 water binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with water (H2O).
50825 ice binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ice, water reduced to the solid state by cold temperature. It is a white or transparent colorless substance, crystalline, brittle, and viscoidal.
50826 response to freezing P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a freezing stimulus, temperatures below 0 degrees Celsius.
50828 regulation of liquid surface tension P Any process that modulates the surface tension of a liquid. Surface tension is the property that makes a liquid behave as if it had an elastic skin on its surface at the interface with a gas or an immiscible liquid.
50829 defense response to Gram-negative bacterium P Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a Gram-negative bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism.
50830 defense response to Gram-positive bacterium P Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a Gram-positive bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism.
50831 male-specific defense response to bacterium P A set of reactions, specific to males, that are triggered in response to the presence of a bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism.
50832 defense response to fungus P Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a fungus that act to protect the cell or organism.
50833 pyruvate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of pyruvate, 2-oxopropanoate, from one side of the membrane to the other.
50834 molybdenum incorporation via L-cysteinyl copper sulfido molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide P The incorporation of molybdenum into a protein by L-cysteinyl copper sulfido molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide.
50835 iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl S-adenosylmethion-N,O-diyl tetrairon tetrasulfide P The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl S-adenosylmethion-N,O-diyl tetrairon tetrasulfide.
50836 iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-arginyl diiron disulfide P The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-arginyl diiron disulfide.
50837 peptide cross-linking via L-cysteinyl-L-selenocysteine P The formation of a selenide-sulfide bond to form the cystine-like L-cysteinyl-L-selenocysteine, as in vertebrate selenopeptide P.
50838 peptidyl-5-hydroxy-L-lysine trimethylation P The methylation of 5-hydroxy-L-lysine to form peptidyl-N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-5-hydroxy-L-lysine.
50839 cell adhesion molecule binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a cell adhesion molecule.
50840 extracellular matrix binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a component of the extracellular matrix.
50841 peptidyl-N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-lysine hydroxylation to peptidyl-N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-5-hydroxy-L-lysine P The hydroxylation of peptidyl-N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine to form peptidyl-N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-5-hydroxy-L-lysine.
50842 copper incorporation via L-cysteinyl copper sulfido molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide P The incorporation of copper into a protein by L-cysteinyl copper sulfido molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide.
50843 S-adenosylmethionine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of S-adenosylmethionine, S-(5'-adenosyl)-L-methionine, an important intermediate in one-carbon metabolism.
50844 peptidyl-selenocysteine modification P The modification of peptidyl-selenocysteine.
50845 teichuronic acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of teichuronic acid, a polymer containing chains of uronic acids and N-acetylglucosamine found in the cell wall, membrane or capsule of Gram-positive bacteria.
50846 teichuronic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving teichuronic acid, a polymer containing chains of uronic acids and N-acetylglucosamine found in the cell wall, membrane or capsule of Gram-positive bacteria.
50847 progesterone receptor signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a progesterone binding to its receptor.
50848 regulation of calcium-mediated signaling P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-mediated signaling, the process in which a cell uses calcium ions to convert an extracellular signal into a response.
50849 negative regulation of calcium-mediated signaling P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-mediated signaling.
50850 positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-mediated signaling.
50851 antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B or T cell.
50852 T cell receptor signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a T cell.
50853 B cell receptor signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B cell.
50854 regulation of antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B- or T cell.
50855 regulation of B cell receptor signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B cell.
50856 regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a T cell.
50857 positive regulation of antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B- or T cell.
50858 negative regulation of antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B- or T cell.
50859 negative regulation of B cell receptor signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B cell.
50860 negative regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a T cell.
50861 positive regulation of B cell receptor signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B cell.
50862 positive regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a T cell.
50863 regulation of T cell activation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation.
50864 regulation of B cell activation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of B cell activation.
50865 regulation of cell activation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell activation, the change in the morphology or behavior of a cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand.
50866 negative regulation of cell activation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell activation.
50867 positive regulation of cell activation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activation.
50868 negative regulation of T cell activation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation.
50869 negative regulation of B cell activation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of B cell activation.
50870 positive regulation of T cell activation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation.
50871 positive regulation of B cell activation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of B cell activation.
50872 white fat cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a white adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in energy storage. White adipocytes have cytoplasmic lipids arranged in a unique vacuole.
50873 brown fat cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a brown adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in adaptive thermogenesis. Brown adipocytes contain multiple small droplets of triglycerides and a high number of mitochondria.
50877 neurological system process P A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of neurological system.
50878 regulation of body fluid levels P Any process that modulates the levels of body fluids.
50879 multicellular organismal movement P Any physiological process involved in changing the position of a multicellular organism or an anatomical part of a multicellular organism.
50880 regulation of blood vessel size P Any process that modulates the size of blood vessels.
50881 musculoskeletal movement P The movement of an organism or part of an organism using mechanoreceptors, the nervous system, striated muscle and/or the skeletal system.
50882 voluntary musculoskeletal movement P The movement of an organism or part of an organism using mechanoreceptors, the nervous system, striated muscle and/or the skeletal system that can be controlled at will.
50883 musculoskeletal movement, spinal reflex action P Involuntary movement caused by the application of a stimulus to an organism and a subsequent movement. The signal processing of this movement takes place in the spinal cord.
50884 neuromuscular process controlling posture P Any process in which an organism voluntarily modulates its posture, the alignment of its anatomical parts.
50885 neuromuscular process controlling balance P Any process that an organism uses to control its balance, the orientation of the organism (or the head of the organism) in relation to the source of gravity. In humans and animals, balance is perceived through visual cues, the labyrinth system of the inner ears and information from skin pressure receptors and muscle and joint receptors.
50886 endocrine process P The process that involves the secretion of or response to endocrine hormones. An endocrine hormone is a hormone released into the circulatory system.
50887 determination of sensory modality P The determination of the type or quality of a sensation. Sensory modalities include touch, thermal sensation, visual sensation, auditory sensation and pain.
50888 determination of stimulus location P The determination of where on the body surface, within the body or in the environment a stimulus originates.
50889 determination of stimulus intensity P The determination of the perceived strength of a sensory stimulus.
50890 cognition P The operation of the mind by which an organism becomes aware of objects of thought or perception; it includes the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory.
50891 multicellular organismal water homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of water within a tissue, organ, or a multicellular organism.
50892 intestinal absorption P Any process in which nutrients are taken up from the contents of the intestine.
50893 sensory processing P Any neural process required for an organism to sense and interpret the dimensions of a sensory experience: modality, location, intensity and affect.
50894 determination of affect P Any process in which an emotional response is associated with a particular sensory stimulation.
50896 response to stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism.
50897 cobalt ion binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a cobalt (Co) ion.
50898 nitrile metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitriles, an organic compound containing trivalent nitrogen attached to one carbon atom. The nitriles are named with reference to the acids produced by their decomposition; for example, hydrocyanic acid is formic nitrile, and methyl cyanide is acetic nitrile.
50899 nitrile catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nitrile, an organic compound containing trivalent nitrogen attached to one carbon atom.
50900 leukocyte migration P The movement of a leukocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body.
50901 leukocyte tethering or rolling P Transient adhesive interactions between leukocytes and endothelial cells lining blood vessels. Carbohydrates on circulating leukocytes bind selectins on the vessel wall causing the leukocytes to slow down and roll along the inner surface of the vessel wall. During this rolling motion, transitory bonds are formed and broken between selectins and their ligands. Typically the first step in cellular extravasation (the movement of leukocytes out of the circulatory system, towards the site of tissue damage or infection).
50902 leukocyte adhesive activation P The activation of loosely bound or rolling leukocytes by signals displayed on blood vessel endothelial cells, which is typically the second step in cellular extravasation.
50903 leukocyte activation-dependent arrest P The formation of an integrin-dependent strong adhesive bond between leukocytes and blood vessel endothelial cells which is dependent on prior activation of the leukocyte and leads to the firm attachment of the leukocyte to the endothelial surface, typically the third step in cellular extravasation.
50904 diapedesis P The passage of a leukocyte between the tight junctions of endothelial cells lining blood vessels, typically the fourth and final step of cellular extravasation.
50905 neuromuscular process P Any process pertaining to the functions of the nervous and muscular systems of an organism.
50906 detection of stimulus involved in sensory perception P The series of events involved in sensory perception in which a sensory stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
50907 detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception P The series of events in which a chemical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of sensory perception.
50908 detection of light stimulus involved in visual perception P The series of events involved in visual perception in which a light stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
50909 sensory perception of taste P The series of events required for an organism to receive a gustatory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Gustation involves the direct detection of chemical composition, usually through contact with chemoreceptor cells. This is a neurological process.
50910 detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of sound P The series of events involved in the perception of sound vibration in which the vibration is received and converted into a molecular signal.
50911 detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of smell P The series of events involved in the perception of smell in which an olfactory chemical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
50912 detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of taste P The series of events involved in the perception of taste in which a gustatory chemical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
50913 sensory perception of bitter taste P The series of events required to receive a bitter taste stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.
50914 sensory perception of salty taste P The series of events required to receive a salty taste stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.
50915 sensory perception of sour taste P The series of events required to receive a sour taste stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.
50916 sensory perception of sweet taste P The series of events required to receive a sweet taste stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.
50917 sensory perception of umami taste P The series of events required to receive an umami taste stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Umami taste is the savory taste of meats and other foods that are rich in glutamates. This is a neurological process.
50918 positive chemotaxis P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of a chemical.
50919 negative chemotaxis P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of a chemical.
50920 regulation of chemotaxis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient.
50921 positive regulation of chemotaxis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient.
50922 negative regulation of chemotaxis P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient.
50923 regulation of negative chemotaxis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.
50924 positive regulation of negative chemotaxis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.
50925 negative regulation of negative chemotaxis P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.
50926 regulation of positive chemotaxis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.
50927 positive regulation of positive chemotaxis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.
50928 negative regulation of positive chemotaxis P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.
50929 induction of negative chemotaxis P Any process that initiates the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.
50930 induction of positive chemotaxis P Any process that initiates the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.
50931 pigment cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a pigmented cell, such as a melanocyte.
50932 regulation of pigment cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pigmented cell differentiation.
50933 early stripe melanocyte differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an early stripe melanocyte (ESM). In zebrafish, ESMs develop during the first phase (2-3 weeks of development) of the larva to adult transition (2-4 weeks of development).
50934 late stripe melanocyte differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a late stripe melanocyte (LSM). In zebrafish, LSMs develop during the second phase (3-4 weeks of development) of the larva-to-adult transition (2-4 weeks of development).
50935 iridophore differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an iridophore. Iridophores are pigment cells derived from the neural crest. They contain guanidine or other purine crystals deposited in stacks called reflecting platets or iridisomes. This gives them a silver, gold, or iridescent appearance.
50936 xanthophore differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a xanthophore cell. Xanthophores are pigment cells derived from the neural crest. They contain pteridine and/or carotenoid pigments in structures called pterinosomes or xanthosomes. This makes them yellow to orange in appearance.
50937 regulation of iridophore differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of iridophore differentiation.
50938 regulation of xanthophore differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of xanthophore differentiation.
50939 regulation of early stripe melanocyte differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of early stripe melanocyte differentiation.
50940 regulation of late stripe melanocyte differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of late stripe melanocyte differentiation.
50941 negative regulation of pigment cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pigment cell differentiation.
50942 positive regulation of pigment cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pigment cell differentiation.
50943 negative regulation of iridophore differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of iridophore differentiation.
50944 negative regulation of xanthophore differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of xanthophore differentiation.
50945 positive regulation of iridophore differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of iridophore differentiation.
50946 positive regulation of xanthophore differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of xanthophore differentiation.
50947 negative regulation of early stripe melanocyte differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of early stripe melanocyte differentiation.
50948 positive regulation of early stripe melanocyte differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of early stripe melanocyte differentiation.
50949 negative regulation of late stripe melanocyte differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of late stripe melanocyte differentiation.
50950 positive regulation of late stripe melanocyte differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of late stripe melanocyte differentiation.
50951 sensory perception of temperature stimulus P The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory temperature stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.
50952 sensory perception of electrical stimulus P The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory electrical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.
50953 sensory perception of light stimulus P The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory light stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.
50954 sensory perception of mechanical stimulus P The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory mechanical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.
50955 thermoception P The series of events required for an organism to receive a temperature stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Thermoception in larger animals is mainly done in the skin; mammals have at least two types of sensor, for detecting heat (temperatures above body temperature) and cold (temperatures below body temperature).
50956 electroception P The series of events required for an organism to receive an electrical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Many fish possess an electroception sense; for example, the electric eel uses low voltage pulses of electricity for navigation and prey location.
50957 equilibrioception P The series of events required for an organism to receive an orientational stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Equilibrioception refers to a combination of processes by which an organism can perceive its orientation with respect to gravity. In animals, stimuli come from labyrinth system of the inner ears, monitoring the direction of motion; visual stimuli, with information on orientation and motion; pressure receptors, which tell the organism which body surfaces are in contact with the ground; and proprioceptive cues, which report which parts of the body are in motion.
50958 magnetoreception P The series of events required for an organism to receive a stimulus relating to a magnetic field, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Stimuli may be chemical, mechanical or electrical and interpreting these stimuli allows an organism to determine the orientation of a magnetic field. Magnetoreception also involves the perception of light; birds cannot orient without the presence of short wavelength (blue/green) light.
50959 echolocation P Echolocation is the method used by some animals (e.g. bats, dolphins and some whales) to determine the location of something by measuring the time it takes for an echo to return from it. These animals emit sound waves and listen for the echo, calculating the distance to the object from the time lapse between sound emission and the echo returning.
50960 detection of temperature stimulus involved in thermoception P The series of events in which a temperature stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of thermoception.
50961 detection of temperature stimulus involved in sensory perception P The series of events in which a temperature stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of sensory perception.
50962 detection of light stimulus involved in sensory perception P The series of events in which a light stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal as part of the sensory perception of light.
50963 detection of electrical stimulus involved in sensory perception P The series of events in which an electrical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal as part of sensory perception.
50964 detection of electrical stimulus involved in electroception P The series of events that contribute to electroception in which an electrical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
50965 detection of temperature stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain P The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a temperature stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
50966 detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain P The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
50967 detection of electrical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain P The series of events that contribute to the perception of pain in which an electrical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
50968 detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain P The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a chemical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
50969 detection of chemical stimulus involved in magnetoreception P The series of events involved in magnetoception in which a chemical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. It is believed that organisms such as birds and salamanders interpret product ratios in chemical reactions which involve transitions between different spin states.
50970 detection of electrical stimulus involved in magnetoreception P The series of events that contribute to magnetoception in which an electrical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. The stimulus is in the form of an induced electric field resulting from movement in a magnetic field.
50971 detection of mechanical stimulus involved in magnetoreception P The series of events involved in magnetoception in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. The stimulus is in the form of torque on particles such as magnetite which respond to a magnetic field.
50972 detection of mechanical stimulus involved in echolocation P The series of events involved in echolocation in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. The stimulus is in the form of a reflected sound wave (an echo), which the organism uses to determine the distance to the object that reflected the sound wave.
50973 detection of mechanical stimulus involved in equilibrioception P The series of events involved in equilibrioception in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. During equilibrioception, mechanical stimuli may be in the form of input from pressure receptors or from the labyrinth system of the inner ears.
50974 detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception P The series of events in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of sensory perception.
50975 sensory perception of touch P The series of events required for an organism to receive a touch stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. The perception of touch in animals is mediated by mechanoreceptors in the skin and mucous membranes and is the sense by which contact with objects gives evidence as to certain of their qualities. Different types of touch can be perceived (for example, light, coarse, pressure and tickling) and the stimulus may be external or internal (e.g. the feeling of a full stomach).
50976 detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch P The series of events involved in the perception of touch in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
50977 magnetoreception by sensory perception of chemical stimulus P The series of events required for an organism to receive a chemical stimulus relating to a magnetic field, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. It is believed that organisms such as birds and salamanders use a 'chemical compass': chemical reactions that involve transitions between different spin states can be influenced by magnetic fields and by detecting the different product ratios, these organisms can perceive the direction of the magnetic field. The mechanism by which this is detected is not certain but it may also involve light stimuli.
50978 magnetoreception by sensory perception of electrical stimulus P The series of events required for an organism to receive an electrical stimulus relating to a magnetic field, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Movement in a magnetic field results in an induced electric field, which can be perceived by organisms such as elasmobranch fish.
50979 magnetoreception by sensory perception of mechanical stimulus P The series of events required for an organism to receive a mechanical stimulus relating to a magnetic field, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. A magnetic field exerts a torque on a ferromagnetic material (e.g. magnetite) or on a material with diamagnetic anisotropy; organisms that can detect this torque can use it to determine the orientation of the magnetic field.
50980 detection of light stimulus involved in magnetoreception P The series of events involved in magnetoception in which a light stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. Downstream processing of the light information in addition to other sensory data allows organisms to perceive the orientation of a magnetic field.
50981 detection of electrical stimulus P The series of events by which an electrical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
50982 detection of mechanical stimulus P The series of events by which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
50984 peptidyl-serine sulfation P The sulfation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-sulfo-L-serine.
50985 peptidyl-threonine sulfation P The sulfation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-sulfo-L-threonine.
50986 isopeptide cross-linking via N-(L-isoglutamyl)-glycine P The formation of an isopeptide cross-link between peptidyl-glutamate and peptidyl-glycine to produce N-(L-isoglutamyl)-glycine, as found in the antibiotic microcin J25.
50987 enzyme active site formation via O-sulfo-L-serine P The transient sulfation of peptidyl-serine to form O-sulfo-L-serine.
50988 N-terminal peptidyl-methionine carboxylation P The carboxylation of the N-terminal methionine of proteins to form the derivative N-carboxy-L-methionine.
50989 N-terminal protein amino acid carboxylation P The carboxylation of the N-terminal amino acid of proteins.
50990 N-terminal protein amino acid carbamoylation P The carbamoylation of the N-terminal amino acid of proteins.
50991 enzyme active site formation via O-sulfo-L-threonine P The transient sulfation of peptidyl-threonine to form O-sulfo-L-threonine.
50992 dimethylallyl diphosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dimethylallyl diphosphate.
50993 dimethylallyl diphosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving dimethylallyl diphosphate.
50994 regulation of lipid catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids.
50995 negative regulation of lipid catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids.
50996 positive regulation of lipid catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids.
50997 quaternary ammonium group binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a quaternary ammonium group, including glycine betaine, choline, carnitine and proline. A quaternary ammonium group is any compound that can be regarded as derived from ammonium hydroxide or an ammonium salt by replacement of all four hydrogen atoms of the NH4+ ion by organic groups.
50998 nitric-oxide synthase binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the enzyme nitric-oxide synthase.
50999 regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity P Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme nitric-oxide synthase.
51000 positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity P Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme nitric-oxide synthase.
51001 negative regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity P Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme nitric-oxide synthase.
51002 ligase activity, forming nitrogen-metal bonds F Catalysis of the joining of a metal ion to a molecule via a nitrogen-metal bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.
51003 ligase activity, forming nitrogen-metal bonds, forming coordination complexes F Catalysis of the ligation of two substances via a nitrogen-metal bond, forming a coordination complex.
51004 regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity P Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme lipoprotein lipase.
51005 negative regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity P Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme lipoprotein lipase.
51006 positive regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity P Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme lipoprotein lipase.
51007 squalene-hopene cyclase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: squalene = hop-22(29)-ene.
51008 Hsp27 protein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with Hsp27 proteins, a lightweight heat shock protein.
51009 O-acetylhomoserine sulfhydrylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: O-acetyl-L-homoserine + hydrogen sulfide = homocysteine + acetate.
51010 microtubule plus-end binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the plus end of a microtubule.
51011 microtubule minus-end binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the minus end of a microtubule.
51012 microtubule sliding P The movement of one microtubule along another microtubule.
51013 microtubule severing P The process in which a microtubule is broken down into smaller segments.
51014 actin filament severing P The process in which an actin filament is broken down into smaller filaments.
51015 actin filament binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an actin filament, also known as F-actin, a helical filamentous polymer of globular G-actin subunits.
51016 barbed-end actin filament capping P The binding of a protein or protein complex to the barbed (or plus) end of an actin filament, thus preventing the addition, exchange or removal of further actin subunits.
51017 actin filament bundle assembly P The assembly of actin filament bundles; actin filaments are on the same axis but may be oriented with the same or opposite polarities and may be packed with different levels of tightness.
51018 protein kinase A binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any subunit of protein kinase A.
51019 mitogen-activated protein kinase binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a mitogen-activated protein kinase.
51020 GTPase binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a GTPase, any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of GTP.
51021 GDP-dissociation inhibitor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a GDP-dissociation inhibitor protein.
51022 Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor protein.
51023 regulation of immunoglobulin secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of immunoglobulins from a cell.
51024 positive regulation of immunoglobulin secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of immunoglobulins from a cell.
51025 negative regulation of immunoglobulin secretion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of immunoglobulins from a cell.
51026 chiasma assembly P The cell cycle process in which a connection between chromatids assembles, indicating where an exchange of homologous segments has taken place by the crossing-over of non-sister chromatids.
51027 DNA transport P The directed movement of RNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
51028 mRNA transport P The directed movement of mRNA, messenger ribonucleic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
51029 rRNA transport P The directed movement of rRNA, ribosomal ribonucleic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
51030 snRNA transport P The directed movement of snRNA, small nuclear ribonucleic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
51031 tRNA transport P The directed movement of tRNA, transfer ribonucleic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
51032 nucleic acid transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of nucleic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Nucleic acids are single or double-stranded polynucleotides involved in the storage, transmission and transfer of genetic information.
51033 RNA transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of RNA, ribonucleic acid, from one side of a membrane to the other.
51034 tRNA transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of tRNA, transfer ribonucleic acid, from one side of a membrane to the other.
51035 DNA transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, from one side of a membrane to the other.
51036 regulation of endosome size P Any process that modulates the volume of an endosome, a membrane-bounded organelle that carries materials newly ingested by endocytosis.
51037 regulation of transcription involved in meiotic cell cycle P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription as part of a meiotic cell cycle.
51038 negative regulation of transcription involved in meiotic cell cycle P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription involved in the meiotic cell cycle.
51039 positive regulation of transcription involved in meiotic cell cycle P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription as part of a meiotic cell cycle.
51040 regulation of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules that do not require the presence of calcium for the interaction.
51041 positive regulation of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion.
51042 negative regulation of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion.
51043 regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the proteolytic cleavage of transmembrane proteins and release of their ectodomain (extracellular domain).
51044 positive regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane protein ectodomain peptidolysis.
51045 negative regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis.
51046 regulation of secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue.
51047 positive regulation of secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue.
51048 negative regulation of secretion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue.
51049 regulation of transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
51050 positive regulation of transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
51051 negative regulation of transport P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
51052 regulation of DNA metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA.
51053 negative regulation of DNA metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA.
51054 positive regulation of DNA metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA.
51055 negative regulation of lipid biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids.
51056 regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase mediated signal transduction.
51057 positive regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase mediated signal transduction.
51058 negative regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase mediated signal transduction.
51059 NF-kappaB binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with NF-kappaB, a transcription factor for eukaryotic RNA polymerase II promoters.
51060 pullulanase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1,6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in pullulan (a linear polymer of alpha-(1,6)-linked maltotriose units) and in amylopectin and glycogen, and the a- and b-limit dextrins of amylopectin and glycogen.
51061 ADP reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dADP + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = ADP + thioredoxin.
51062 UDP reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dUDP + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = UDP + thioredoxin.
51063 CDP reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dCDP + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = CDP + thioredoxin.
51064 TTP reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dTTP + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = TTP + thioredoxin. Thioredoxin disulfide is the oxidized form of thioredoxin.
51065 CTP reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dCTP + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = CTP + thioredoxin. Thioredoxin disulfide is the oxidized form of thioredoxin.
51066 dihydrobiopterin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a dihydrobiopterin, a reduced pteridine derivative related to folic acid; it acts as an electron carrier in tyrosine biosynthesis and its quinoid form is produced by oxidation of tetrahydrobiopterin in several biological hydroxylation reactions.
51067 dihydropteridine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 6,7-dihydropteridine, a bicyclic compound with the formula C6H6N4.
51068 dihydrolipoamide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving dihydrolipoamide, the reduced form of lipoamide, produced as an intermediate in the reactions in which lipoamide acts as a cofactor.
51069 galactomannan metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactomannan, a polysaccharide composed of D-galactose and D-mannose. The mannose units form the backbone structure (a linear main chain) with the D-galactose as single side units.
51070 galactomannan biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactomannan, a polysaccharide composed of D-galactosyl and D-mannosyl. The mannosyl units form the backbone structure (a linear main chain) with the D-galactosyl as single side units.
51071 4,6-pyruvylated galactose residue metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving the pyruvylated galactose residue 4-6-O-[(R)(1-carboxyethylidine)]-Gal-beta-1,3-. The galactose residue is part of a larger polysaccharide chain.
51072 4,6-pyruvylated galactose residue biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the pyruvylated galactose residue 4-6-O-[(R)(1-carboxyethylidine)]-Gal-beta-1,3-. The galactose residue is part of a larger polysaccharide chain.
51073 adenosylcobinamide-GDP ribazoletransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: adenosylcobinamide-GDP + alpha-ribazole = GMP + adenosylcobalamin.
51075 S-adenosylmethionine:tRNA ribosyltransferase-isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosylmethionine + 7-(aminomethyl)-7-deazaguanosine-tRNA = adenine + methionine + epoxyqueuosine-tRNA. 7-(aminomethyl)-7-deazaguanosine-tRNA is also known as preQ1-tRNA, and epoxyqueuosine-tRNA as oQ-tRNA.
51077 secondary cell septum C Cell wall structures composed of linear polysaccharides which are deposited at both sides of the primary septum at 90 degrees to the primary septum.
51078 meiotic nuclear envelope disassembly P The cell cycle process in which the controlled breakdown of the nuclear envelope during meiotic cell division occurs.
51079 meiosis I nuclear envelope disassembly P The controlled breakdown of the nuclear envelope during the first division of meiosis.
51080 meiosis II nuclear envelope disassembly P The controlled breakdown of the nuclear envelope during the second division of meiosis.
51081 nuclear envelope disassembly P The controlled breakdown of the nuclear envelope in the context of a normal process.
51082 unfolded protein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an unfolded protein.
51083 'de novo' cotranslational protein folding P The process of assisting in the correct noncovalent assembly of the ribosome-bound nascent chains of a multidomain protein whilst other parts of the protein are still being translated.
51084 'de novo' posttranslational protein folding P The process of assisting in the correct noncovalent folding of newly formed polypeptides or folding intermediates of polypeptides that have exited the ribosome and/or have been stabilized and transferred by other chaperone proteins. This process could involve several cycles of ATP hydrolysis.
51085 chaperone mediated protein folding requiring cofactor P The process of assisting in the correct posttranslational noncovalent assembly of proteins, which is dependent on additional protein cofactors. This process occurs over one or several cycles of nucleotide hydrolysis-dependent binding and release.
51086 chaperone mediated protein folding independent of cofactor P The process of assisting in the correct noncovalent assembly of posttranslational proteins and does not depend on additional protein cofactors. This function occurs over one or more cycles of nucleotide-dependent binding and release.
51087 chaperone binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a chaperone protein, a class of proteins that bind to nascent or unfolded polypeptides and ensure correct folding or transport.
51088 PMA-inducible membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis P The proteolytic cleavage of transmembrane proteins and release of their ectodomain that occurs after induction by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), a protein kinase C agonist.
51089 constitutive protein ectodomain proteolysis P The proteolytic cleavage of transmembrane proteins and release of their ectodomain that occurs constantly, regardless of environmental conditions or demands.
51090 regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.
51091 positive regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.
51092 positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of the transcription factor NF-kappaB.
51093 negative regulation of developmental process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).
51094 positive regulation of developmental process P Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).
51095 regulation of helicase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of helicase activity.
51096 positive regulation of helicase activity P Any process that activates or increases the activity of a helicase.
51097 negative regulation of helicase activity P Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a helicase.
51098 regulation of binding P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of binding, the selective interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule.
51099 positive regulation of binding P Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of binding, the selective interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule.
51100 negative regulation of binding P Any process that stops or reduces the rate or extent of binding, the selective interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule.
51101 regulation of DNA binding P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
51102 DNA ligation involved in DNA recombination P The re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase, that contributes to DNA recombination.
51103 DNA ligation involved in DNA repair P The re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase, that contributes to DNA repair.
51104 DNA-dependent DNA replication DNA ligation P The re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase, that contributes to DNA-dependent DNA replication.
51105 regulation of DNA ligation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA ligation, the re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase.
51106 positive regulation of DNA ligation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA ligation, the re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase.
51107 negative regulation of DNA ligation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA ligation, the re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase.
51108 carnitine-CoA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-carnitine + CoA + ATP = AMP + diphosphate + D-carnitinyl-CoA.
51109 crotonobetaine-CoA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: CoA + crotono-betaine + ATP = AMP + diphosphate + crotonobetainyl-CoA.
51110 peptidyl-histidine uridylylation, to form peptidyl-1'-(phospho-5'-uridine)-L-histidine P The uridylylation of peptidyl-histidine to form peptidyl-1'-(phospho-5'-uridine)-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-UMP-histidine, tele-UMP-histidine).
51111 peptidyl-histidine adenylylation P The adenylylation of peptidyl-histidine to form peptidyl-1'-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-AMP-histidine, tele-AMP-histidine) or peptidyl-3'-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-histidine (otherwise known as pi-AMP-histidine, pros-AMP-histidine).
51112 peptidyl-histidine adenylylation, to form peptidyl-1'-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-histidine P The adenylylation of peptidyl-histidine to form peptidyl-1'-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-AMP-histidine, tele-AMP-histidine).
51113 enzyme active site formation via 1'-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-histidine P The transient adenylylation of peptidyl-histidine to form 1'-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-AMP-histidine, tele-AMP-histidine).
51114 peptidyl-histidine uridylylation P The uridylylation of peptidyl-histidine to form peptidyl-1'-(phospho-5'-uridine)-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-UMP-histidine, tele-UMP-histidine) or peptidyl-3'-(phospho-5'-uridine)-L-histidine (otherwise known as pi-UMP-histidine, pros-UMP-histidine).
51115 enzyme active site formation via 1'-(phospho-5'-uridine)-L-histidine P The transient uridylylation of peptidyl-histidine to form 1'-(phospho-5'-uridine)-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-UMP-histidine, tele-UMP-histidine).
51116 cobaltochelatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + Co(2+) + H(2)O + hydrogenobyrinate a,c-diamide = ADP + cob(II)yrinate a,c diamide + 4 H(+) + phosphate.
51117 ATPase binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an ATPase, any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP.
51118 glucan endo-1,3-alpha-glucosidase activity F Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in isolichenin, pseudonigeran and nigeran.
51119 sugar transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a sugar from one side of the membrane to the other. A sugar is any member of a class of sweet, water-soluble, crystallizable carbohydrates, which are the monosaccharides and smaller oligosaccharides.
51120 hepoxilin A3 synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 12S-5Z,8Z,10E,14Z-12-hydro(pero)xy-eicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoic acid = (5Z,9E,14Z)-(8,11R,12S)-11,12-epoxy-8-hydroxyicosa-5,9,14-trienoate. 12S-5Z,8Z,10E,14Z-12-hydro(pero)xy-eicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoic acid is also known as 12S-HpETE, and (5Z,9E,14Z)-(8,11R,12S)-11,12-epoxy-8-hydroxyicosa-5,9,14-trienoate as hepoxilin A3.
51121 hepoxilin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving hepoxilins, a class of bioactive icosanoids with roles in the regulation of cell physiology.
51122 hepoxilin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hepoxilins, a class of bioactive icosanoids with roles in the regulation of cell physiology.
51123 RNA polymerase II transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on an RNA polymerase II promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription by RNA polymerase.
51124 synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction P The growth of a synapse at a neuromuscular junction, the site of apposition of a motor end plate and the subneural cleft of the skeletal muscle fiber that it innervates.
51125 regulation of actin nucleation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin nucleation, the initial step in the formation of an actin filament in which actin monomers combine to form a new filament.
51126 negative regulation of actin nucleation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin nucleation, the initial step in the formation of an actin filament in which actin monomers combine to form a new filament.
51127 positive regulation of actin nucleation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin nucleation, the initial step in the formation of an actin filament in which actin monomers combine to form a new filament.
51128 regulation of cellular component organization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell structures, including the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope.
51129 negative regulation of cellular component organization P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell structures, including the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope.
51130 positive regulation of cellular component organization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell structures, including the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope.
51131 chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex, mediated by chaperone molecules that do not form part of the finished complex.
51132 NK T cell activation P The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature natural killer T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.
51133 regulation of NK T cell activation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell activation.
51134 negative regulation of NK T cell activation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell activation.
51135 positive regulation of NK T cell activation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell activation.
51136 regulation of NK T cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell differentiation.
51137 negative regulation of NK T cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell differentiation.
51138 positive regulation of NK T cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell differentiation.
51139 metal ion:proton antiporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: metal ion(in) + H+(out) = metal ion(out) + H+(in).
51140 regulation of NK T cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell proliferation.
51141 negative regulation of NK T cell proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell proliferation.
51142 positive regulation of NK T cell proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell proliferation.
51143 propanediol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving propanediol, CH3-CHOH-CH2OH, a sweet, colorless, viscous, hygroscopic liquid used as an antifreeze, in brake fluid and as a humectant in cosmetics and personal care items.
51144 propanediol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of propanediol, a sweet, colorless, viscous, hygroscopic liquid with the formula CH3-CHOH-CH2OH.
51145 smooth muscle cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell; smooth muscle lacks transverse striations in its constituent fibers and are almost always involuntary.
51146 striated muscle cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a striated muscle cell; striated muscle fibers are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and voluntary muscle are types of striated muscle.
51147 regulation of muscle cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle cell differentiation.
51148 negative regulation of muscle cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle cell differentiation.
51149 positive regulation of muscle cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle cell differentiation.
51150 regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell differentiation.
51151 negative regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell differentiation.
51152 positive regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell differentiation.
51153 regulation of striated muscle cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle cell differentiation.
51154 negative regulation of striated muscle cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle cell differentiation.
51155 positive regulation of striated muscle cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle cell differentiation.
51156 glucose 6-phosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose 6-phosphate, a monophosphorylated derivative of glucose with the phosphate group attached to C-6.
51157 arabitol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arabitol, the pentitol derived from arabinose or lyxose by reduction of the aldehyde group.
51158 L-arabitol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-arabitol, the pentitol derived from arabinose or lyxose by reduction of the aldehyde group.
51159 D-arabitol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-arabitol, the pentitol derived from arabinose or lyxose by reduction of the aldehyde group. The D enantiomer is present in lichens and mushrooms.
51160 L-xylitol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-xylitol, a five-carbon sugar alcohol derived from xylose by reduction of the carbonyl group.
51161 arabitol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving arabitol, the pentitol derived from arabinose or lyxose by reduction of the aldehyde group.
51162 L-arabitol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-arabitol, the pentitol derived from arabinose or lyxose by reduction of the aldehyde group.
51163 D-arabitol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-arabitol, the pentitol derived from arabinose or lyxose by reduction of the aldehyde group. The D enantiomer is present in lichens and mushrooms.
51164 L-xylitol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-xylitol, a five-carbon sugar alcohol derived from xylose by reduction of the carbonyl group. It is as sweet as sucrose and is used as a noncariogenic sweetner and as a sugar substitute in diabetic diets.
51165 2,5-dihydroxypyridine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2,5-dihydroxypyridine.
51166 2,5-dihydroxypyridine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,5-dihydroxypyridine.
51167 xylulose 5-phosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylulose 5-phosphate, a derivative of the ketopentose xylulose phosphorylated at the 5 carbon; it is an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway.
51168 nuclear export P The directed movement of substances out of the nucleus.
51169 nuclear transport P The directed movement of substances into, out of, or within the nucleus.
51170 nuclear import P The directed movement of substances into the nucleus.
51171 regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds.
51172 negative regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds.
51173 positive regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds.
51174 regulation of phosphorus metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphorus or compounds containing phosphorus.
51175 negative regulation of sulfur metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfur or compounds containing sulfur.
51176 positive regulation of sulfur metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfur or compounds containing sulfur.
51177 meiotic sister chromatid cohesion P The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the entire length of the chromosome during meiosis.
51178 meiotic chromosome decondensation P The cell cycle process in which chromosome structure is altered from the condensed form held during meiosis to the relaxed dispersed form held in resting cells.
51179 localization P Any process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported, tethered to or otherwise maintained in a specific location. In the case of substances, localization may also be achieved via selective degradation.
51180 vitamin transport P The directed movement of vitamins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A vitamin is one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body.
51181 cofactor transport P The directed movement of a cofactor into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A cofactor is a substance that is required for the activity of an enzyme or other protein.
51182 coenzyme transport P The directed movement of a coenzyme into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A coenzyme is any of various nonprotein organic cofactors that are required, in addition to an enzyme and a substrate, for an enzymatic reaction to proceed.
51183 vitamin transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of vitamins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. A vitamin is one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body.
51184 cofactor transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of a cofactor into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. A cofactor is a substance that is required for the activity of an enzyme or other protein.
51185 coenzyme transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of a coenzyme into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. A coenzyme is any of various nonprotein organic cofactors that are required, in addition to an enzyme and a substrate, for an enzymatic reaction to proceed.
51186 cofactor metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cofactor, a substance that is required for the activity of an enzyme or other protein. Cofactors may be inorganic, such as the metal atoms zinc, iron, and copper in certain forms, or organic, in which case they are referred to as coenzymes. Cofactors may either be bound tightly to active sites or bind loosely with the substrate.
51187 cofactor catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a cofactor, a substance that is required for the activity of an enzyme or other protein.
51188 cofactor biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cofactor, a substance that is required for the activity of an enzyme or other protein.
51189 prosthetic group metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a prosthetic group, the non-amino acid portion of certain protein molecules. Prosthetic groups may be inorganic or organic and are usually required for the biological activity of the protein.
51190 prosthetic group catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a prosthetic group, the non-amino acid portion of certain protein molecules. Prosthetic groups may be inorganic or organic and are usually required for the biological activity of the protein.
51191 prosthetic group biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a prosthetic group, the non-amino acid portion of certain protein molecules. Prosthetic groups may be inorganic or organic and are usually required for the biological activity of the protein.
51192 prosthetic group binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a prosthetic group, the non-amino acid portion of certain protein molecules. Prosthetic groups may be inorganic or organic and are usually required for the biological activity of the protein.
51193 regulation of cofactor metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a cofactor.
51194 positive regulation of cofactor metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a cofactor.
51195 negative regulation of cofactor metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a cofactor.
51196 regulation of coenzyme metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a coenzyme.
51197 positive regulation of coenzyme metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a coenzyme.
51198 negative regulation of coenzyme metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a coenzyme.
51199 regulation of prosthetic group metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a prosthetic group.
51200 positive regulation of prosthetic group metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a prosthetic group.
51201 negative regulation of prosthetic group metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a prosthetic group.
51202 phytochromobilin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytochromobilin, the linear tetrapyrrole chromophore required for plant phytochrome photoactivity.
51203 peptidyl-aspartic acid reduction to form L-aspartyl aldehyde P The reduction of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-L-aspartyl aldehyde, as found photosystem II P680 chlorophyll A apoprotein.
51204 protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane P The process that results in the incorporation of a protein into a mitochondrial membrane.
51205 protein insertion into membrane P The process that results in the incorporation of a protein into a biological membrane. Incorporation in this context means having some part or covalently attached group that is inserted into the the hydrophobic region of one or both bilayers.
51206 silicate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving silicates, the salts of silicic acids. Silicates are usually composed of silicon and oxygen (Si[x]O[y]), one or more metals, and possibly hydrogen. Types of silicate include unisilicates, metasilicates and hydrous silicates.
51208 sequestering of calcium ion P The process of binding or confining calcium ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.
51209 release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol P The process in which calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus or mitochondria are released into the cytosolic compartment.
51210 isotropic cell growth P The process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size uniformly in all directions. In general, a rounded cell morphology reflects isotropic cell growth.
51211 anisotropic cell growth P The process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size in one or more axes, where the growth rate varies according to the direction of growth. Growth may be limited to a particular axis, axes, or to particular locations on the surface of the cell.
51212 vanadium ion binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with vanadium (V) ions.
51213 dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which both atoms of oxygen from one molecule of O2 are incorporated into the (reduced) product(s) of the reaction. The two atoms of oxygen may be distributed between two different products.
51214 RNA virus induced gene silencing P Gene silencing induced by RNA viruses leading to a sequence-specific degradation of target mRNAs or post-transcriptional gene silencing.
51215 DNA virus induced gene silencing P Gene silencing induced by DNA viruses leading to a sequence-specific degradation of target mRNAs or post-transcriptional gene silencing.
51216 cartilage development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cartilage element over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage elements are skeletal elements that consist of connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.
51217 molybdenum incorporation via L-aspartyl molybdenum bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide) P The incorporation of molybdenum into a protein via L-aspartyl molybdenum bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide).
51218 tungsten incorporation via L-selenocysteinyl tungsten bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide) P The incorporation of tungsten into a protein via L-selenocysteinyl tungsten bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide).
51219 phosphoprotein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a phosphorylated protein.
51220 cytoplasmic sequestering of protein P The selective interaction of a protein with specific molecules in the cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting its transport into other areas of the cell.
51221 tungsten incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster P The incorporation of tungsten into a metallo-sulfur cluster.
51222 positive regulation of protein transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
51223 regulation of protein transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
51224 negative regulation of protein transport P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
51225 spindle assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that serves to move duplicated chromosomes apart.
51228 mitotic spindle disassembly P The controlled breakdown of the spindle during a mitotic cell cycle.
51229 meiotic spindle disassembly P The controlled breakdown of the spindle during a meiotic cell cycle.
51230 spindle disassembly P The controlled breakdown of the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that serves to move duplicated chromosomes apart.
51231 spindle elongation P The cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the spindle.
51232 meiotic spindle elongation P The lengthening of the distance between poles of the spindle during a meiotic cell cycle.
51233 spindle midzone C The area in the center of the spindle where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap.
51234 establishment of localization P Any process that localizes a substance or cellular component. This may occur via movement, tethering or selective degradation.
51235 maintenance of location P Any process in which a cell, substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere.
51236 establishment of RNA localization P The directed movement of RNA to a specific location.
51237 maintenance of RNA location P Any process in which RNA is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere.
51238 sequestering of metal ion P The process of binding or confining metal ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.
51239 regulation of multicellular organismal process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a multicellular organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of a multicellular organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs.
51240 positive regulation of multicellular organismal process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, any of the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs.
51241 negative regulation of multicellular organismal process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs.
51245 negative regulation of cellular defense response P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of the cellular defense response.
51246 regulation of protein metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein.
51247 positive regulation of protein metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein.
51248 negative regulation of protein metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein.
51249 regulation of lymphocyte activation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte activation.
51250 negative regulation of lymphocyte activation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte activation.
51251 positive regulation of lymphocyte activation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte activation.
51252 regulation of RNA metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA.
51253 negative regulation of RNA metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA.
51254 positive regulation of RNA metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA.
51255 spindle midzone assembly P The cell cycle process in which aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle midzone. The spindle midzone is the area in the center of the spindle where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap.
51256 mitotic spindle midzone assembly P The cell cycle process in which the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components forms the spindle midzone.
51257 meiotic spindle midzone assembly P The formation of the spindle midzone, the area in the center of the spindle where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap, as a part of the process of meiosis.
51258 protein polymerization P The process of creating protein polymers, compounds composed of a large number of component monomers; polymeric proteins may be made up of different or identical monomers. Polymerization occurs by the addition of extra monomers to an existing poly- or oligomeric protein.
51259 protein oligomerization P The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of component monomers; protein oligomers may be composed of different or identical monomers. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer.
51260 protein homooligomerization P The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of identical component monomers. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer.
51261 protein depolymerization P The process in which protein polymers, compounds composed of a large number of component monomers, are broken down. Depolymerization occurs by the successive removal of monomers from an existing poly- or oligomeric protein.
51262 protein tetramerization P The formation of a protein tetramer, a macromolecular structure consisting of four noncovalently associated identical or nonidentical subunits.
51263 microcin E492 biosynthetic process by siderophore ester modification of peptidyl-serine P The modification of serine to N-[5-(6-O-seryl-beta-glucosyl)-2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl]-O-[N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-O-[N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)seryl]seryl]serine as found in microcin E492 produced from the mceA gene in plasmid pJAM229 of the E. coli VCS257 strain and the K. pneumoniae RYC492 strain.
51264 mono-olein transacylation activity F Catalysis of the reaction: mono-olein + mono-olein = diolein + glycerol. Mono-olein, also known as mono-oleoylglycerol, is the monoglyceride formed from oleic acid, 9-octodecenoic acid; diolein is also known as dioleoylglycerol.
51265 diolein transacylation activity F Catalysis of the reaction: diolein + mono-olein = triolein + glycerol. Mono-olein, also known as mono-oleoylglycerol, is the monoglyceride formed from oleic acid, 9-octodecenoic acid; diolein is also known as dioleoylglycerol, and triolein as trioleoylglycerol and olein.
51266 sirohydrochlorin ferrochelatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: siroheme + 2 H+ = Fe(2+) + sirohydrochlorin.
51267 CP2 mannose-ethanolamine phosphotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ethanolamine phosphate + Man-alpha-(1,2)-Man-alpha-(1,2)-Man-alpha-(1,6)-R = Man-alpha-(1,2)-Man-alpha-6-P-EtN-(1,2)-Man-alpha-(1,6)-R; R is Man-alpha(1,4)-GlcNH2-inositol-PO4-lipid. This reaction is the transfer of ethanolamine phosphate to C6 of second mannose in the GPI lipid precursor CP2.
51268 alpha-keto amide reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-keto amide + 2 H+ (from donor) = (R)-hydroxy amide. Alpha-keto amides are of the form R-CO-CONH2, where R may be aromatic or aliphatic.
51269 alpha-keto ester reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-keto ester + 2 H+ (from donor) = (R)-hydroxy ester. Alpha-keto esters are of the form R(1)-CO-CO-O-R(2), where the R groups may be aromatic or aliphatic.
51270 regulation of cellular component movement P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a cellular component.
51271 negative regulation of cellular component movement P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a cellular component.
51272 positive regulation of cellular component movement P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a cellular component.
51273 beta-glucan metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds.
51274 beta-glucan biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-glucans.
51275 beta-glucan catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-glucans.
51276 chromosome organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of chromosomes, structures composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins that carries hereditary information. This term covers covalent modifications at the molecular level as well as spatial relationships among the major components of a chromosome.
51278 fungal-type cell wall polysaccharide biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the polysaccharides which make up the fungal-type cell wall.
51279 regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the release into the cytosolic compartment of calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria.
51280 negative regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the release into the cytosolic compartment of calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria.
51281 positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the release into the cytosolic compartment of calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria.
51282 regulation of sequestering of calcium ion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the binding or confining calcium ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.
51283 negative regulation of sequestering of calcium ion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the binding or confining calcium ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.
51284 positive regulation of sequestering of calcium ion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the binding or confining calcium ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.
51285 cell cortex of cell tip C The region directly beneath the plasma membrane at the cell tip. The cell tip is the region at either end of the longest axis of a cylindrical or elongated cell.
51286 cell tip C The region at the end of the longest axis of a cylindrical or elongated cell.
51287 NAD binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; binding may be to either the oxidized form, NAD+, or the reduced form, NADH.
51289 protein homotetramerization P The formation of a protein homotetramer, a macromolecular structure consisting of four noncovalently associated identical subunits.
51290 protein heterotetramerization P The formation of a protein heterotetramer, a macromolecular structure consisting of four noncovalently associated subunits, of which not all are identical.
51291 protein heterooligomerization P The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of component monomers that are not all identical. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer.
51292 nuclear pore complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a nuclear pore complex.
51293 establishment of spindle localization P The directed movement of the spindle to a specific location in the cell.
51294 establishment of spindle orientation P Any process that set the alignment of spindle relative to other cellular structures.
51295 establishment of meiotic spindle localization P The cell cycle process in which the directed movement of the meiotic spindle to a specific location in the cell occurs.
51296 establishment of meiotic spindle orientation P Any process that set the alignment of meiotic spindle relative to other cellular structures.
51297 centrosome organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a centrosome, a structure comprised of a pair of centrioles and peri-centriolar material from which a microtubule spindle apparatus is organized.
51298 centrosome duplication P The replication of a centrosome, a structure comprised of a pair of centrioles and peri-centriolar material from which a microtubule spindle apparatus is organized.
51299 centrosome separation P The process in which duplicated centrosome components move away from each other. The centriole pair within each centrosome becomes part of a separate microtubule organizing center that nucleates a radial array of microtubules called an aster. The two asters move to opposite sides of the nucleus to form the two poles of the mitotic spindle.
51300 spindle pole body organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the spindle pole body (SPB). The SPB is the microtubule organizing center in fungi, and is functionally homologous to the animal cell centrosome.
51301 cell division P The process resulting in division and partitioning of components of a cell to form more cells; may or may not be accompanied by the physical separation of a cell into distinct, individually membrane-bounded daughter cells.
51302 regulation of cell division P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the physical partitioning and separation of a cell into daughter cells.
51303 establishment of chromosome localization P The directed movement of a chromosome to a specific location.
51304 chromosome separation P The cell cycle process in which paired chromosomes are detached from each other. Chromosome separation begins with the release of cohesin complexes from chromosomes; in budding yeast, this includes the cleavage of cohesin complexes along the chromosome arms, followed by the separation of the centromeric regions. Chromosome separation also includes formation of chromatid axes mediated by condensins, and ends with the disentangling of inter-sister catenation catalyzed by topoisomerase II (topo II).
51305 chromosome movement towards spindle pole P The directed movement of chromosomes in the center of the spindle towards the spindle poles, mediated by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes.
51306 mitotic sister chromatid separation P The process in which sister chromatids are physically detached from each other during mitosis.
51307 meiotic chromosome separation P The process in which chromosomes are physically detached from each other during meiosis.
51308 male meiosis chromosome separation P The process in which paired chromosomes are physically detached from each other during male meiosis.
51309 female meiosis chromosome separation P The process in which paired chromosomes are physically detached from each other during female meiosis.
51310 metaphase plate congression P The alignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate (spindle equator), a plane halfway between the poles of the spindle.
51311 meiotic metaphase plate congression P The cell cycle process in which chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate, a plane halfway between the poles of the meiotic spindle, during meiosis.
51312 chromosome decondensation P The alteration of chromosome structure from the condensed form to a relaxed disperse form.
51315 attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore P The cell cycle process in which spindle microtubules become physically associated with the proteins making up the kinetochore complex as part of mitotic metaphase plate congression.
51316 attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in meiotic chromosome segregation P The cell cycle process in which spindle microtubules become physically associated with the proteins making up the kinetochore complex contributing to meiotic chromosome segregation.
51318 G1 phase P The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA segregation (usually by mitosis or meiosis) and the beginning of DNA synthesis.
51319 G2 phase P The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA synthesis and the beginning of DNA segregation (usually by mitosis or meiosis).
51320 S phase P The cell cycle phase, following G1, during which DNA synthesis takes place.
51321 meiotic cell cycle P Progression through the phases of the meiotic cell cycle, in which canonically a cell replicates to produce four offspring with half the chromosomal content of the progenitor cell via two nuclear divisions.
51322 anaphase P The cell cycle phase, following metaphase, during which the chromosomes separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle.
51323 metaphase P The cell cycle phase, following prophase or prometaphase in higher eukaryotes, during which chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell.
51324 prophase P The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of M phase of meiosis and mitosis and during which chromosomes condense and the two daughter centrioles and their asters migrate toward the poles of the cell.
51325 interphase P The cell cycle phase following cytokinesis which begins with G1 phase, proceeds through S phase and G2 phase and ends when prophase of meiosis or mitosis begins. During interphase the cell readies itself for meiosis or mitosis and the replication of its DNA occurs.
51326 telophase P The cell cycle phase which follows anaphase during M phase of mitosis and meiosis and during which the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts.
51327 meiotic M phase P A cell cycle phase during which nuclear division occurs, and which is comprises the phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase and occurs as part of a meiotic cell cycle.
51328 meiotic interphase P The cell cycle phase which begins after cytokinesis and ends when meiotic prophase begins. Meiotic cells have an interphase after each meiotic division, but only interphase I involves replication of the cell's DNA.
51329 mitotic interphase P The cell cycle phase following cytokinesis which begins with G1 phase, proceeds through S phase and G2 phase and ends when mitotic prophase begins. During interphase the cell readies itself for mitosis and the replication of its DNA occurs.
51330 meiotic G1 phase P The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA segregation by meiosis and the beginning of DNA synthesis.
51331 meiotic G2 phase P The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA synthesis and the beginning of DNA segregation by meiosis.
51332 meiotic S phase P The cell cycle phase, following G1, during which DNA synthesis takes place as part of a meiotic cell cycle.
51333 meiotic nuclear envelope reassembly P The cell cycle process in which the reformation of the nuclear envelope during meiosis occurs.
51334 meiosis I nuclear envelope reassembly P The reformation of the nuclear envelope during meiosis I.
51335 meiosis II nuclear envelope reassembly P The reformation of the nuclear envelope during meiosis II.
51336 regulation of hydrolase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc. Hydrolase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 3.
51337 amitosis P Nuclear division that occurs by simple constriction of the nucleus without chromosome condensation or spindle formation.
51338 regulation of transferase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2.
51339 regulation of lyase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lyase activity, the catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond. They differ from other enzymes in that two substrates are involved in one reaction direction, but only one in the other direction. When acting on the single substrate, a molecule is eliminated and this generates either a new double bond or a new ring.
51340 regulation of ligase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ligase activity, the catalysis of the ligation of two substances with concomitant breaking of a diphosphate linkage, usually in a nucleoside triphosphate. Ligase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 6.
51341 regulation of oxidoreductase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oxidoreductase activity, the catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced.
51342 regulation of cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: nucleotide 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleotide 5'-phosphate.
51343 positive regulation of cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: nucleotide 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleotide 5'-phosphate.
51344 negative regulation of cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity P Any process that stops or reduces the rate of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: nucleotide 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleotide 5'-phosphate.
51345 positive regulation of hydrolase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds.
51346 negative regulation of hydrolase activity P Any process that stops or reduces the rate of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds.
51347 positive regulation of transferase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from a donor compound to an acceptor.
51348 negative regulation of transferase activity P Any process that stops or reduces the rate of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from a donor compound to an acceptor.
51349 positive regulation of lyase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lyase activity, the catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond.
51350 negative regulation of lyase activity P Any process that stops or reduces the rate of lyase activity, the catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond.
51351 positive regulation of ligase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ligase activity, the catalysis of the ligation of two substances with concomitant breaking of a diphosphate linkage, usually in a nucleoside triphosphate.
51352 negative regulation of ligase activity P Any process that stops or reduces the rate of ligase activity, the catalysis of the ligation of two substances with concomitant breaking of a diphosphate linkage, usually in a nucleoside triphosphate.
51353 positive regulation of oxidoreductase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oxidoreductase activity, the catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered.
51354 negative regulation of oxidoreductase activity P Any process that stops or reduces the rate of oxidoreductase activity, the catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered.
51355 proprioception involved in equilibrioception P The series of events contributing to equilibrioception by which an organism senses the position, location, orientation, and movement of the body and its parts. Proprioception plays an important role in the ability of an organism to perceive its orientation with respect to gravity.
51356 visual perception involved in equilibrioception P The series of events during equilibrioception required for an organism to receive a visual stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Visual input plays an important role in the ability of an organism to perceive its orientation with respect to gravity.
51357 peptide cross-linking via 3-(2-methylthio)ethyl-6-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-5-iminopiperazin-2-one P The formation of a 2-keto-5-iminopiperazine protein chromophore cross-link from the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n, a methionine, to the alpha-carboxyl carbon of residue n+1, a tyrosine, and a dehydration to form a double bond to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+2. This cross-linking is coupled with a dehydrogenation of residue n+1 to form a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons.
51358 peptide cross-linking via 2-imino-glutamic acid 5-imidazolinone glycine P The formation of the non-fluorescent protein chromophore cross-link from the alpha-carboxyl carbon of residue n, a glutamic acid, to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+2, a glycine, and a dehydration to form a double bond to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+1. This cross-linking is coupled with a dehydrogenation of residue n+1 to form a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. This modification is found in the GFP-like non-fluorescent red chromoprotein from the sea anemone Radianthus macrodactylus.
51359 peptide cross-linking via 2-imino-methionine 5-imidazolinone glycine P The formation of the fluorescent protein FP611 chromophore cross-link from the alpha-carboxyl carbon of residue n, a methionine, to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+2, a glycine, and a dehydration to form a double bond to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+1. This cross-linking is coupled with a dehydrogenation of residue n+1 to form a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. This modification is found in the GFP-like fluorescent chromoprotein from the sea anemone Entacmaea quadricolor.
51360 peptide cross-linking via L-asparagine 5-imidazolinone glycine P The formation of the fluorescent protein FP506 chromophore cross-link from the alpha-carboxyl carbon of residue n, an asparagine, to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+2, a glycine, and a dehydration to form a double bond to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+1. This cross-linking is coupled with a dehydrogenation of residue n+1 to form a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons.
51361 peptide cross-linking via L-lysine 5-imidazolinone glycine P The formation of a fluorescent protein chromophore cross-link from the alpha-carboxyl carbon of residue n, a lysine, to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+2, a glycine, and a dehydration to form a double bond to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+1. This cross-linking is coupled with a dehydrogenation of residue n+1 to form a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons.
51362 peptide cross-linking via 2-tetrahydropyridinyl-5-imidazolinone glycine P The formation of a 2-tetrahydropyridinyl-5-imidazolinone protein chromophore cross-link from the alpha-carboxyl carbon of residue n, a lysine, to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+2, a glycine, and a dehydration to form a double bond to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+1. This cross-linking is coupled with a dehydrogenation of residue n+1 to form a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. In addition, the residue N lysine undergoes cyclization. The alpha-amino nitrogen is replaced by the epsilon-amino nitrogen, the peptide chain is broken, residue N-1 is released as an amide, and a double bond is formed between the alpha-carbon and the nitrogen so that a tetrahydropyridine ring results. This modification is found in the GFP-like fluorescent chromoprotein FP538 from the sea anemone Zoanthus species.
51363 peptidoglycan-protein cross-linking via L-alanyl-pentaglycyl-murein P The process of linking a protein to peptidoglycan via a carboxy terminal alanine carboxyl group through a pentaglycyl peptide to the lysine or diaminopimelic acid of the peptidoglycan.
51364 N-terminal peptidyl-proline N-formylation P The formylation of the N-terminal proline of proteins to form the derivative N-formylproline.
51365 cellular response to potassium ion starvation P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of potassium ions.
51366 protein decanoylation P The modification of a protein amino acid by formation of an ester or amide with decanoic acid.
51367 peptidyl-serine decanoylation P The decanoylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O3-decanoyl-L-serine, typical of the protein ghrelin.
51368 peptidyl-threonine octanoylation P The octanoylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O3-octanoyl-L-threonine, typical of the protein ghrelin.
51369 peptidyl-threonine decanoylation P The decanoylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O3-decanoyl-L-threonine, typical of the protein ghrelin.
51371 muscle alpha-actinin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with muscle isoforms of actinin. Muscle alpha-actinin isoforms are found in skeletal and cardiac muscle and are localized to the Z-disc.
51373 FATZ binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a member of the FATZ family of proteins, filamin-, actinin-, and telethonin-binding proteins of the Z-disc of striated muscle. FATZ proteins are located in the Z-disc of the sarcomere and are involved in a complex network of interactions with other Z-band components.
51377 mannose-ethanolamine phosphotransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of ethanolamine phosphate to a mannose residue in the GPI lipid precursor.
51378 serotonin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties.
51379 epinephrine binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with epinephrine, a hormone produced by the medulla of the adrenal glands that increases heart activity, improves the power and prolongs the action of muscles, and increases the rate and depth of breathing. It is synthesized by the methylation of norepinephrine.
51380 norepinephrine binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with norepinephrine, (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-2-aminoethanol), a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts of the CNS. It is also the biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine.
51381 histamine binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with histamine, a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans.
51382 kinetochore assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the kinetochore, a multisubunit complex that is located at the centromeric region of DNA and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules.
51383 kinetochore organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the kinetochore, a multisubunit complex that is located at the centromeric region of DNA and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules.
51384 response to glucocorticoid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucocorticoid stimulus. Glucocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol with the ability to bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger similar effects. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects.
51385 response to mineralocorticoid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mineralocorticoid stimulus. Mineralocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol and characterized by their similarity to aldosterone. Mineralocorticoids act primarily on water and electrolyte balance.
51386 regulation of neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway.
51387 negative regulation of neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway.
51388 positive regulation of neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway.
51389 inactivation of MAPKK activity P Any process that terminates the activity of the active enzyme MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK).
51390 inactivation of MAPKKK activity P Any process that terminates the activity of the active enzyme MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK).
51391 tRNA acetylation P The modification of tRNA structure by addition of an acetyl group to tRNA. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid.
51392 tRNA N-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + cytidine = CoA + N4-acetylcytidine. The cytidine is within the polynucleotide chain of a tRNA.
51393 alpha-actinin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with alpha-actinin, one of a family of proteins that cross-link F-actin as antiparallel homodimers. Alpha-actinin has a molecular mass of 93-103 KDa; at the N-terminus there are two calponin homology domains, at the C-terminus there are two EF-hands. These two domains are connected by the rod domain. This domain is formed by triple-helical spectrin repeats.
51394 regulation of nerve growth factor receptor activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor.
51395 negative regulation of nerve growth factor receptor activity P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor.
51396 positive regulation of nerve growth factor receptor activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor.
51400 BH domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the Bcl-2 homology (BH) domain of a protein. Bcl-2-related proteins share homology in one to four conserved regions designated the Bcl-2 homology (BH) domains BH1, BH2, BH3 and BH4. These domains contribute at multiple levels to the function of these proteins in cell death and survival. Anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family have four BH domains (BH1-BH4). Pro-apoptotic members have fewer BH domains.
51401 CH domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the calponin homology domain of a protein, a domain of 100 residues that occurs in signaling and cytoskeletal proteins.
51402 neuron apoptotic process P Any apoptotic process in a neuron, the basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system.
51403 stress-activated MAPK cascade P A series of molecular signals in which a stress-activated MAP kinase cascade relays one or more of the signals; MAP kinase cascades involve at least three protein kinase activities and culminate in the phosphorylation and activation of a MAP kinase.
51407 glycerone phosphate:inorganic phosphate antiporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glycerone phosphate(out) + phosphate(in) = glycerone phosphate(in) + phosphate(out).
51408 glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate:inorganic phosphate antiporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate(out) + phosphate(in) = glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate(in) + phosphate(out).
51409 response to nitrosative stress P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrosative stress stimulus. Nitrosative stress is a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of nitric oxide (NO) or the highly reactive oxidant peroxynitrite, which is produced following interaction of NO with superoxide anions.
51410 detoxification of nitrogen compound P Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of nitrogenous compounds which are dangerous or toxic. This includes the aerobic conversion of toxic compounds to harmless substances.
51412 response to corticosterone P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticosterone stimulus. Corticosterone is a 21 carbon steroid hormone of the corticosteroid type, produced in the cortex of the adrenal glands. In many species, corticosterone is the principal glucocorticoid, involved in regulation of fuel metabolism, immune reactions, and stress responses.
51413 response to cortisone P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cortisone stimulus. Cortisone is a natural glucocorticoid steroid hormone that is metabolically convertible to cortisol. Cortisone is synthesized from cholesterol in the cortex of the adrenal gland under the stimulation of adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH). The main physiological effect of cortisone is on carbohydrate metabolism; it can stimulate increased glucose release from the liver, increased liver glycogen synthesis, and decreased utilization of glucose by the tissues.
51414 response to cortisol P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cortisol stimulus. Cortisol is the major natural glucocorticoid synthesized in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex; it affects the metabolism of glucose, protein, and fats and has appreciable mineralocorticoid activity. It also regulates the immune system and affects many other functions.
51415 interphase microtubule nucleation by interphase microtubule organizing center P The 'de novo' formation of a microtubule by the interphase microtubule organizing center during interphase, the stage of cell cycle between successive rounds of chromosome segregation.
51417 microtubule nucleation by spindle pole body P The 'de novo' formation of a microtubule, mediated by the spindle pole body.
51418 microtubule nucleation by microtubule organizing center P The 'de novo' formation of a microtubule, mediated by the microtubule organizing center.
51421 regulation of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endo-(1->4)-beta-xylanase activity, the catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-xylosidic linkages in xylans.
51422 negative regulation of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase activity P Any process that stops or reduces the rate of endo-(1->4)-beta-xylanase activity, the catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-xylosidic linkages in xylans.
51423 positive regulation of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endo-(1->4)-beta-xylanase activity, the catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-xylosidic linkages in xylans.
51424 corticotropin-releasing hormone binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with corticotropin-releasing hormone, a polypeptide hormone involved in the stress response. It is released by the hypothalamus and stimulates the release of corticotropin by the anterior pituitary gland.
51425 PTB domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain of a protein.
51427 hormone receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a receptor for hormones.
51428 peptide hormone receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a receptor for peptide hormones.
51429 corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a receptor for corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), a polypeptide hormone involved in the stress response. It is released by the hypothalamus and stimulates the release of corticotropin by the anterior pituitary gland.
51430 corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1). CRHR1 is the major subtype in the pituitary corticotroph, and mediates the stimulatory actions of corticotropin-releasing hormone on corticotropin hormone secretion. CRHR1 are also located in cortical areas of the brain, cerebellum and limbic system.
51431 corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 2 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor type 2 (CRHR2). The CRHR2 has several splice variants that are located in sub-cortical areas of the brain and in the periphery.
51432 BH1 domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the BH1 domain of a protein of the Bcl-2 family. Proteins that act as inhibitors of apoptosis harbour at least three BH domains: BH1, BH2 and BH3; the BH1 and BH2 domains are found in all death antagonists of the Bcl-2 family but only in one class of death agonists.
51433 BH2 domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the BH2 domain of a protein of the Bcl-2 family. Proteins that act as inhibitors of apoptosis harbour at least three BH domains: BH1, BH2 and BH3; the BH1 and BH2 domains are found in all death antagonists of the Bcl-2 family but only in one class of death agonists.
51434 BH3 domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the BH3 domain of a protein of the Bcl-2 family. The BH3 domain is a potent death domain and has an important role in protein-protein interactions and in cell death.
51435 BH4 domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the BH4 domain of a protein of the Bcl-2 family. All anti-apoptotic proteins contain BH1 and BH2 domains; some also contain an additional N-terminal BH4 domain, which is almost never seen in pro-apoptotic proteins. Loss of the BH4 domain can diminish or abrogate anti-apoptotic function or even impart outright death-promoting properties to the protein.
51436 negative regulation of ubiquitin-protein ligase activity involved in mitotic cell cycle P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin ligase activity that contributes to the mitotic cell cycle.
51437 positive regulation of ubiquitin-protein ligase activity involved in regulation of mitotic cell cycle transition P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of ubiquitin ligase activity that contributes to the regulation of the mitotic cell cycle phase transition.
51438 regulation of ubiquitin-protein transferase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin transferase activity.
51439 regulation of ubiquitin-protein ligase activity involved in mitotic cell cycle P A cell cycle process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin ligase activity that contributes to the mitotic cell cycle.
51440 regulation of ubiquitin-protein ligase activity involved in meiotic cell cycle P A cell cycle process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin ligase activity during the meiotic cell cycle.
51441 positive regulation of ubiquitin-protein ligase activity involved in meiotic cell cycle P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of ubiquitin ligase activity during the meiotic cell cycle.
51442 negative regulation of ubiquitin-protein ligase activity involved in meiotic cell cycle P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin ligase activity during the meiotic cell cycle.
51443 positive regulation of ubiquitin-protein transferase activity P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of ubiquitin transferase activity.
51444 negative regulation of ubiquitin-protein transferase activity P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin transferase activity.
51445 regulation of meiotic cell cycle P Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle.
51446 positive regulation of meiotic cell cycle P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle.
51447 negative regulation of meiotic cell cycle P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle.
51448 gonadotropin-releasing hormone binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), a peptide hormone responsible for the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary. GnRH is synthesized and released by the hypothalamus.
51449 thyrotropin-releasing hormone binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with thyrotropin-releasing hormone, a tripeptide hormone that stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin by the anterior pituitary and it is produced by the hypothalamus and travels across the median eminence to the pituitary via the pituitary portal system.
51450 myoblast proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of myoblasts, resulting in the expansion of a myoblast cell population. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
51451 myoblast migration P The orderly movement of a myoblast from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism. A myoblast is a cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
51452 intracellular pH reduction P Any process that reduces the internal pH of a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.
51453 regulation of intracellular pH P Any process that modulates the internal pH of a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.
51454 intracellular pH elevation P Any process that increases the internal pH of a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.
51455 attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in homologous chromosome segregation P The process in which spindle microtubules become physically associated with the proteins making up the kinetochore complex during meiosis I. During meiosis I sister kinetochores are lying next to each other facing the same spindle pole and monopolar attachment of the chromatid to the spindle occurs.
51456 attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in meiotic sister chromatid segregation P The process in which spindle microtubules become physically associated with the proteins making up the kinetochore complex during meiosis II. During meiosis II sister kinetochores are situated facing opposite spindle poles and bipolar attachment of the sister chromosomes to the spindle occurs.
51457 maintenance of protein location in nucleus P Any process in which a protein is maintained in the nucleus and prevented from moving elsewhere. These include sequestration within the nucleus, protein stabilization to prevent transport elsewhere and the active retrieval of proteins that escape the nucleus.
51458 corticotropin secretion P The regulated release of corticotropin by a cell. Corticotropin hormone is a polypeptide hormone synthesized and secreted from corticotropes in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland in response to corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) released by the hypothalamus.
51459 regulation of corticotropin secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of corticotropic hormone from a cell.
51460 negative regulation of corticotropin secretion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of corticotropic hormone from a cell.
51461 positive regulation of corticotropin secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of corticotropin hormone from a cell.
51462 regulation of cortisol secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of cortisol from a cell.
51463 negative regulation of cortisol secretion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of cortisol from a cell.
51464 positive regulation of cortisol secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of cortisol from a cell.
51465 negative regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of corticotropin-releasing hormone from a cell.
51466 positive regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of corticotropin-releasing hormone from a cell.
51467 detection of steroid hormone stimulus P The series of events by which a steroid hormone stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
51468 detection of glucocorticoid hormone stimulus P The series of events by which a glucocorticoid hormone stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Glucocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol with the ability to bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger similar effects. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects.
51469 vesicle fusion with vacuole P The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle with the lipid bilayer membrane around the vacuole.
51470 ectoine transport P The directed movement of ectoine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Ectoine (1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid) is a tetrahydropyrimidine commonly synthesized by halophilic bacteria.
51471 ectoine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of ectoine from one side of the membrane to the other. Ectoine (1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid) is a tetrahydropyrimidine commonly synthesized by halophilic bacteria.
51472 glucosylglycerol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucosylglycerol, alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-(1,2)-glycerol.
51473 glucosylglycerol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosylglycerol, alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-(1,2)-glycerol.
51474 glucosylglycerol transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of a glucosylglycerol from one side of the membrane to the other. A glucosylglycerol is an alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-(1,2)-glycerol.
51475 glucosylglycerol transport P The directed movement of glucosylglycerol, alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-(1,2)-glycerol, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
51476 mannosylglycerate transport P The directed movement of mannosylglycerate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
51477 mannosylglycerate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of a mannosylglycerate from one side of the membrane to the other.
51478 mannosylglycerate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannosylglycerate, a very common compatible solute in thermophilic and hyperthermophilic organisms.
51479 mannosylglycerate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mannosylglycerate, a very common compatible solute in thermophilic and hyperthermophilic organisms.
51480 regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the cytosol of a cell or between the cytosol and its surroundings.
51481 negative regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration P Any process that decreases the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol.
51482 positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration involved in phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled signaling pathway P Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol that occurs as part of a PLC-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway. G-protein-activated PLC hydrolyses phosphatidylinositol-bisphosphate (PIP2) to release diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol trisphosphate (IP3). IP3 then binds to calcium release channels in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to trigger calcium ion release into the cytosol.
51483 terpenoid biosynthetic process, mevalonate-independent P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of terpenoids, independent of mevalonate. Isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) is the fundamental unit in terpenoid biosynthesis, and in mevalonate-independent biosynthesis, it is produced from pyruvate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate via intermediates including 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate.
51484 isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway involved in terpenoid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate by the mevalonate-independent pathway that contributes to terpenoid biosynthesis. Isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) is the fundamental unit in isoprenoid biosynthesis and is biosynthesized from pyruvate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate via intermediates, including 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate.
51485 terpenoid biosynthetic process, mevalonate-dependent P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of terpenoids via isopentenyl diphosphate, synthesized by the mevalonate pathway. Isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) is the fundamental unit in terpenoid biosynthesis, and in mevalonate-dependent terpenoid biosynthesis, acetate, in the form of acetyl-CoA, is converted to isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) through a series of mevalonate intermediates.
51486 isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway involved in terpenoid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate by the mevalonate pathway that contributes to terpenoid biosynthesis. This pathway converts acetate, in the form of acetyl-CoA, to isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) through a series of mevalonate intermediates.
51489 regulation of filopodium assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a filopodium, a thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone.
51490 negative regulation of filopodium assembly P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a filopodium, a thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone.
51491 positive regulation of filopodium assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a filopodium, a thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone.
51492 regulation of stress fiber assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a stress fiber, a bundle of microfilaments and other proteins found in fibroblasts.
51493 regulation of cytoskeleton organization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures.
51494 negative regulation of cytoskeleton organization P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures.
51495 positive regulation of cytoskeleton organization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures.
51496 positive regulation of stress fiber assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a stress fiber, a bundle of microfilaments and other proteins found in fibroblasts.
51497 negative regulation of stress fiber assembly P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly a stress fiber, a bundle of microfilaments and other proteins found in fibroblasts.
51498 syn-copalyl diphosphate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeranyl diphosphate = 9alpha-copalyl diphosphate.
51499 D-aminoacyl-tRNA deacylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-aminoacyl-tRNA = D-amino acid + tRNA. Hydrolysis of the removal of D-amino acids from residues in charged tRNA.
51500 D-tyrosyl-tRNA(Tyr) deacylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-tyrosyl-tRNA(Tyr) = D-tyrosine + tRNA(Tyr). Hydrolysis of the removal of D-tyrosine from tyrosine residues in charged tRNA.
51501 diterpene phytoalexin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving diterpene phytoalexins, a class of diterpene formed in plants in response to fungal infection, physical damage, chemical injury, or a pathogenic process; they are sometimes referred to as plant antibiotics. Diterpenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons containing 20 carbon atoms and 4 branched methyl groups and are made up of isoprenoid units.
51502 diterpene phytoalexin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diterpene phytoalexins, terpenoids with 20 carbons produced by plants in response to environmental stresses.
51503 adenine nucleotide transport P The directed movement of adenine nucleotides, ATP, ADP, and/or AMP, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
51504 diterpene phytoalexin precursor biosynthetic process pathway P A branched pathway that produces the precursors to four structurally distinct types of polycyclic diterpenes. The pathway starts with the cyclization of geranylgeranyl diphosphate into ent-copalyl diphosphate and syn-copalyl diphosphate. The catalytic conversion by diterpene cyclases of these two compounds produces the four diterpene hydrocarbons which are precursors to the four structurally distinct classes of diterpene phytoalexins.
51505 cholesterol UDP-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + a sterol = UDP + O-glucosyl-cholesterol.
51506 ergosterol UDP-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + a sterol = UDP + O-glucosyl-ergosterol.
51507 beta-sitosterol UDP-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + a sterol = UDP + O-glucosyl-beta-sitosterol.
51508 stigmasterol UDP-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + a sterol = UDP + O-glucosyl-stigmasterol.
51509 tomatidine UDP-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + a sterol = UDP + O-glucosyl-tomatidine.
51510 regulation of unidimensional cell growth P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of unidimensional cell growth, the process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size in one [spatial] dimension or along one axis.
51511 negative regulation of unidimensional cell growth P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of unidimensional cell growth, the process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size in one [spatial] dimension or along one axis.
51512 positive regulation of unidimensional cell growth P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of unidimensional cell growth, the process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size in one [spatial] dimension or along one axis.
51513 regulation of monopolar cell growth P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of monopolar cell growth, polarized growth from one end of a cell.
51514 negative regulation of monopolar cell growth P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of monopolar cell growth, polarized growth from one end of a cell.
51515 positive regulation of monopolar cell growth P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of monopolar cell growth, polarized growth from one end of a cell.
51516 regulation of bipolar cell growth P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bipolar cell growth, polarized growth from both ends of a cell.
51517 negative regulation of bipolar cell growth P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bipolar cell growth, polarized growth from both ends of a cell.
51518 positive regulation of bipolar cell growth P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bipolar cell growth, polarized growth from both ends of a cell.
51519 activation of bipolar cell growth P Any process that initiates the inactive process of bipolar cell growth, polarized growth from both ends of a cell.
51520 termination of bipolar cell growth P Any process that stops the active process of bipolar cell growth, polarized growth from both ends of a cell.
51521 termination of monopolar cell growth P Any process that stops the active process of bipolar cell growth, polarized growth from one end of a cell.
51522 activation of monopolar cell growth P Any process that initiates the inactive process of monopolar cell growth, polarized growth from one end of a cell.
51523 cell growth mode switching, monopolar to bipolar P The process in which a cell switches from monopolar cell growth to bipolar cell growth.
51524 cell growth mode switching, bipolar to monopolar P The process in which a cell switches from bipolar cell growth to monopolar cell growth.
51525 NFAT protein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) proteins, a family of transcription factors. NFAT proteins have crucial roles in the development and function of the immune system.
51531 NFAT protein import into nucleus P The directed movement of NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) proteins, a family of transcription factors, from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. NFAT proteins are dephosphorylated in the cytoplasm by activated calcineurin, which leads to their translocation across the nuclear membrane.
51532 regulation of NFAT protein import into nucleus P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of an NFAT protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
51533 positive regulation of NFAT protein import into nucleus P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of an NFAT protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
51534 negative regulation of NFAT protein import into nucleus P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of an NFAT protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
51536 iron-sulfur cluster binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an iron-sulfur cluster, a combination of iron and sulfur atoms.
51537 2 iron, 2 sulfur cluster binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a 2 iron, 2 sulfur (2Fe-2S) cluster; this cluster consists of two iron atoms, with two inorganic sulfur atoms found between the irons and acting as bridging ligands.
51538 3 iron, 4 sulfur cluster binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a 3 iron, 4 sulfur (3Fe-4S) cluster; this cluster consists of three iron atoms, with the inorganic sulfur atoms found between the irons and acting as bridging ligands. It is essentially a 4Fe-4S cluster with one iron missing.
51539 4 iron, 4 sulfur cluster binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a 4 iron, 4 sulfur (4Fe-4S) cluster; this cluster consists of four iron atoms, with the inorganic sulfur atoms found between the irons and acting as bridging ligands.
51540 metal cluster binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a cluster of atoms including both metal ions and nonmetal atoms, usually sulfur and oxygen. Examples include iron-sulfur clusters and nickel-iron-sulfur clusters.
51541 elastin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving elastin, a glycoprotein which is randomly coiled and crosslinked to form elastic fibers that are found in connective tissue.
51542 elastin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of elastin, a fibrous glycoprotein found in elastic tissues such as the walls of arteries.
51543 regulation of elastin biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of elastin.
51544 positive regulation of elastin biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of elastin.
51545 negative regulation of elastin biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of elastin.
51546 keratinocyte migration P The directed movement of a keratinocyte, epidermal cells which synthesize keratin, from one site to another.
51547 regulation of keratinocyte migration P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte migration.
51548 negative regulation of keratinocyte migration P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte migration.
51549 positive regulation of keratinocyte migration P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte migration.
51550 aurone metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving aurones, a series of plant flavonoids that provide a yellow colour to flowers. They have the basic skeletal structure of two benzene rings joined by a linear C3 chain (C6-C3-C6). Aurones exist mostly as 6-O-glucosides.
51551 aurone biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aurones, a series of yellow plant pigments.
51552 flavone metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving flavones, a class of pigmented plant compounds based on 2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (2-phenylchromone).
51553 flavone biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavones, a class of pigmented plant compounds based on 2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (2-phenylchromone).
51554 flavonol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving flavonols, a member of a class of vascular pigments formed by consecutive oxidative processes from the flavonoid intermediates flavanones and dihydroflavonols. Flavonols are the most widespread of the flavonoids and have a wide array of physiological activities.
51555 flavonol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavonols, a member of a class of vascular pigments formed by consecutive oxidative processes from the flavonoid intermediates flavanones and dihydroflavonols. Flavonols are the most widespread of the flavonoids and have a wide array of physiological activities.
51556 leucoanthocyanidin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving leucoanthocyanidins, a class of colorless intermediates in the biosynthetic pathway of the pigmented flavonoids.
51557 leucoanthocyanidin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of leucoanthocyanidins, a class of colorless intermediates in the biosynthetic pathway of the pigmented flavonoids.
51558 phlobaphene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving phlobaphenes, red pigments with oligomeric or polymeric structure derived from the flavonoid intermediate flavan-4-ols.
51559 phlobaphene biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phlobaphenes, red pigments with oligomeric or polymeric structure derived from the flavonoid intermediate flavan-4-ols.
51560 mitochondrial calcium ion homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the cytoplasm of a cell or between mitochondria and their surroundings.
51561 positive regulation of mitochondrial calcium ion concentration P Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in mitochondria.
51562 negative regulation of mitochondrial calcium ion concentration P Any process that decreases the concentration of calcium ions in mitochondria.
51563 smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of a cell or between the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and its surroundings.
51564 positive regulation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration P Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
51565 negative regulation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration P Any process that decreases the concentration of calcium ions in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
51566 anthocyanidin-3-glucoside rhamnosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: anthocyanidin 3-glucoside + UDP-rhamnose = anthocyanidin 3-rutinoside + UDP.
51567 histone H3-K9 methylation P The modification of histone H3 by addition of one or more methyl groups to lysine at position 9 of the histone.
51568 histone H3-K4 methylation P The modification of histone H3 by addition of one or more methyl groups to lysine at position 4 of the histone.
51569 regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 4 of histone H3.
51570 regulation of histone H3-K9 methylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 9 of histone H3.
51571 positive regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 4 of histone H3.
51572 negative regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 4 of histone H3.
51573 negative regulation of histone H3-K9 methylation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 9 of histone H3.
51574 positive regulation of histone H3-K9 methylation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 9 of histone H3.
51575 5'-deoxyribose-5-phosphate lyase activity F Catalysis of the beta-elimination of the 5' deoxyribose-5-phosphate at an abasic site in DNA where a DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase has already cleaved the C-O-P bond 3' to the apurinic or apyrimidinic site.
51580 regulation of neurotransmitter uptake P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into a neuron or glial cell.
51581 negative regulation of neurotransmitter uptake P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into a neuron or glial cell.
51582 positive regulation of neurotransmitter uptake P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into a neuron or glial cell.
51583 dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission P The directed movement of dopamine into a presynaptic neuron or glial cell. In this context, dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline.
51584 regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of the catecholamine neurotransmitter dopamine into a cell.
51585 negative regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of dopamine into a presynaptic neuron or glial cell.
51586 positive regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of dopamine into a cell.
51587 inhibition of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission P Any process that prevents the activation of the directed movement of dopamine into a cell.
51588 regulation of neurotransmitter transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
51589 negative regulation of neurotransmitter transport P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
51590 positive regulation of neurotransmitter transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
51591 response to cAMP P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus.
51592 response to calcium ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a calcium ion stimulus.
51593 response to folic acid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a folic acid stimulus.
51594 detection of glucose P The series of events in which a glucose stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
51595 response to methylglyoxal P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methylglyoxal stimulus. Methylglyoxal is a 2-oxoaldehyde derived from propanal.
51596 methylglyoxal catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylglyoxal, CH3-CO-CHO, the aldehyde of pyruvic acid.
51597 response to methylmercury P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methylmercury stimulus.
51598 meiotic recombination checkpoint P A checkpoint that acts during late prophase I (pachytene) and prevents segregation of homologous chromosomes until recombination is completed, ensuring proper distribution of the genetic material to the gametes.
51599 response to hydrostatic pressure P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrostatic pressure stimulus. Hydrostatic pressure is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is at rest (as opposed to moving). The weight of the fluid above the object creates pressure on it.
51600 regulation of endocytosis by exocyst localization P Any process in which an exocyst is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location that results in the modulation of endocytosis. An exocyst is a protein complex peripherally associated with the plasma membrane that determines where vesicles dock and fuse.
51601 exocyst localization P Any process in which an exocyst is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. An exocyst is a protein complex peripherally associated with the plasma membrane that determines where vesicles dock and fuse.
51602 response to electrical stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electrical stimulus.
51603 proteolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process P The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein as part of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by individual cells.
51604 protein maturation P Any process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein.
51606 detection of stimulus P The series of events in which a stimulus is received by a cell or organism and converted into a molecular signal.
51607 defense response to virus P Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a virus that act to protect the cell or organism.
51608 histamine transport P The directed movement of histamine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Histamine is a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans.
51609 inhibition of neurotransmitter uptake P Any process that prevents the activation of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into a cell.
51610 serotonin uptake P The directed movement of serotonin into a cell, typically presynaptic neurons or glial cells. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems.
51611 regulation of serotonin uptake P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of the monoamine neurotransmitter serotonin into a cell.
51612 negative regulation of serotonin uptake P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of serotonin into a cell.
51613 positive regulation of serotonin uptake P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of serotonin into a cell.
51614 inhibition of serotonin uptake P Any process that prevents the activation of the directed movement of serotonin into a cell.
51615 histamine uptake P The directed movement of histamine into a cell, typically presynaptic neurons or glial cells. Histamine is a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans.
51616 regulation of histamine uptake P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of the neurotransmitter histamine into a cell.
51617 negative regulation of histamine uptake P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of histamine into a cell.
51618 positive regulation of histamine uptake P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of histamine into a cell.
51619 inhibition of histamine uptake P Any process that prevents the activation of the directed movement of histamine into a cell.
51620 norepinephrine uptake P The directed movement of norepinephrine into a cell, typically presynaptic neurons or glial cells. Norepinephrine (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-2-aminoethanol) is a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts of the CNS. It is also the biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine.
51621 regulation of norepinephrine uptake P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine into a cell.
51622 negative regulation of norepinephrine uptake P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of norepinephrine into a cell.
51623 positive regulation of norepinephrine uptake P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of norepinephrine into a cell.
51624 inhibition of norepinephrine uptake P Any process that prevents the activation of the directed movement of norepinephrine into a cell.
51625 epinephrine uptake P The directed movement of epinephrine into a cell, typically presynaptic neurons or glial cells. Epinephrine is a hormone produced by the medulla of the adrenal glands that increases heart activity, improves the power and prolongs the action of muscles, and increases the rate and depth of breathing. It is synthesized by the methylation of norepinephrine.
51626 regulation of epinephrine uptake P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of the neurotransmitter epinephrine into a cell.
51627 negative regulation of epinephrine uptake P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of epinephrine into a cell.
51628 positive regulation of epinephrine uptake P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of epinephrine into a cell.
51629 inhibition of epinephrine uptake P Any process that prevents the activation of the directed movement of epinephrine into a cell.
51630 acetylcholine uptake P The directed movement of acetylcholine into a cell, typically presynaptic neurons or glial cells. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter and neuromodulator both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It also acts as a paracrine signal in various non-neural tissues.
51631 regulation of acetylcholine uptake P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine into a cell.
51632 negative regulation of acetylcholine uptake P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of acetylcholine into a cell.
51633 positive regulation of acetylcholine uptake P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of acetylcholine into a cell.
51634 inhibition of acetylcholine uptake P Any process that prevents the activation of the directed movement of acetylcholine into a cell.
51638 barbed-end actin filament uncapping P The removal of capping protein from the barbed (or plus) end of actin filaments to free the ends for addition, exchange or removal of further actin subunits.
51639 actin filament network formation P The assembly of a network of actin filaments; actin filaments on different axes and with differing orientations are crosslinked together to form a mesh of filaments.
51640 organelle localization P Any process in which an organelle is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location.
51641 cellular localization P A cellular localization process whereby a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within a cell including the localization of substances or cellular entities to the cell membrane.
51642 centrosome localization P Any process in which a centrosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.
51643 endoplasmic reticulum localization P Any process in which endoplasmic reticulum is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.
51644 plastid localization P Any process in which a plastid is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.
51645 Golgi localization P Any process in which the Golgi is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.
51646 mitochondrion localization P Any process in which a mitochondrion or mitochondria are transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.
51647 nucleus localization P Any process in which the nucleus is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.
51648 vesicle localization P Any process in which a vesicle or vesicles are transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location.
51649 establishment of localization in cell P Any process, occuring in a cell, that localizes a substance or cellular component. This may occur via movement, tethering or selective degradation.
51650 establishment of vesicle localization P The directed movement of a vesicle to a specific location.
51651 maintenance of location in cell P Any process in which a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is maintained in a specific location within, or in the membrane of, a cell, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.
51652 maintenance of chromosome location P Any process in which a chromosome is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
51653 spindle localization P Any process in which is the spindle is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location.
51654 establishment of mitochondrion localization P The directed movement of the mitochondrion to a specific location.
51655 maintenance of vesicle location P Any process in which a vesicle is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
51656 establishment of organelle localization P The directed movement of an organelle to a specific location.
51657 maintenance of organelle location P Any process in which an organelle is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
51658 maintenance of nucleus location P Any process in which the nucleus is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
51659 maintenance of mitochondrion location P Any process in which a mitochondrion is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
51660 establishment of centrosome localization P The directed movement of the centrosome to a specific location.
51661 maintenance of centrosome location P Any process in which a centrosome is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
51663 oocyte nucleus localization involved in oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification P The directed movement of the nucleus to a specific location within a cell during the establishment and maintenance of the dorsal/ventral axis of the oocyte.
51664 nuclear pore localization P Any process in which nuclear pores are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
51665 membrane raft localization P Any process in which membrane rafts are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. Membrane rafts are small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes.
51666 actin cortical patch localization P Any process in which actin cortical patches are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. An actin cortical patch is a discrete actin-containing structure found just beneath the plasma membrane in fungal cells.
51667 establishment of plastid localization P The directed movement of a plastid to a specific location in the cell.
51668 localization within membrane P Any process in which a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within a membrane.
51669 fructan beta-fructosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing 2,1- and 2,6-linked beta-D-fructofuranose residues in fructans.
51670 inulinase activity F Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 2,1-beta-D-fructosidic linkages in inulin.
51671 induction of autolysin activity in other organism P Any process in which an organism initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme autolysin in another organism. The autolysin enzyme belongs to, and is active in, the other organism.
51672 catabolism by organism of cell wall peptidoglycan in other organism P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the cell wall peptidoglycans of another organism.
51673 membrane disruption in other organism P The disruption of the membranes of another organism, leading to damage to its cells and possibly death of that organism.
51674 localization of cell P Any process in which a cell is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location.
51675 isopullulanase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of pullulan to isopanose (6-alpha-maltosylglucose).
51676 pullulan metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving pullulan, a neutral linear polysaccharide composed of repeating units of maltotriose joined by alpha-(1,6)-linkages.
51677 pullulan biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pullulan, a neutral linear polysaccharide composed of repeating units of maltotriose joined by alpha-(1,6)-linkages.
51678 pullulan catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pullulan, a neutral linear polysaccharide composed of repeating units of maltotriose joined by alpha-(1,6)-linkages.
51679 6-alpha-maltosylglucose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 6-alpha-maltosylglucose, also known as isopanose.
51680 6-alpha-maltosylglucose biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 6-alpha-maltosylglucose, also known as isopanose.
51681 6-alpha-maltosylglucose catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 6-alpha-maltosylglucose, also known as isopanose.
51682 galactomannan catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactomannan, a polysaccharide composed of D-galactosyl and D-mannosyl. The mannosyl units form the backbone structure (a linear main chain) with the D-galactosyl as single side units.
51683 establishment of Golgi localization P The directed movement of the Golgi to a specific location.
51684 maintenance of Golgi location P Any process in which the Golgi is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
51685 maintenance of ER location P Any process in which the endoplasmic reticulum is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
51686 establishment of ER localization P The directed movement of the endoplasmic reticulum to a specific location.
51687 maintenance of spindle location P Any process in which the spindle is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
51688 maintenance of plastid location P Any process in which a plastid is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
51689 multicellular organismal oligosaccharide catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of oligosaccharides, molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages, in multicellular organisms, occurring at the tissue, organ, or organismal level.
51690 multicellular organismal oligosaccharide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving oligosaccharides, molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages, in multicellular organisms, occurring at the tissue, organ, or organismal level.
51691 cellular oligosaccharide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving oligosaccharides, molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages, as carried out by individual cells.
51692 cellular oligosaccharide catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of oligosaccharides, molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages, as carried out by individual cells.
51693 actin filament capping P The binding of a protein or protein complex to the end of an actin filament, thus preventing the addition, exchange or removal of further actin subunits.
51694 pointed-end actin filament capping P The binding of a protein or protein complex to the pointed (or minus) end of an actin filament, thus preventing the addition, exchange or removal of further actin subunits.
51695 actin filament uncapping P The removal of capping protein from the end of actin filaments to free the ends for addition, exchange or removal of further actin subunits.
51696 pointed-end actin filament uncapping P The removal of capping protein from the pointed (or minus) end of actin filaments to free the ends for addition, exchange or removal of further actin subunits.
51697 protein delipidation P The breakage of covalent bonds to detach lipid groups from a protein.
51698 saccharopine oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-saccharopine + O2 = L-2-aminoadipic 6-semialdehyde + L-glutamate + H2O2.
51699 proline oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-proline + O2 + H2O = L-delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + H2O2.
51700 fructosyl-amino acid oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: fructosyl-amino acid + O2 = corresponding amino acid + glucosone + H2O2.
51701 interaction with host P An interaction between two organisms living together in more or less intimate association. The term host is used for the larger (macro) of the two members of a symbiosis; the various forms of symbiosis include parasitism, commensalism and mutualism.
51702 interaction with symbiont P An interaction between two organisms living together in more or less intimate association. The term symbiont is used for the smaller (macro) of the two members of a symbiosis; the various forms of symbiosis include parasitism, commensalism and mutualism.
51703 intraspecies interaction between organisms P Any process in which an organism has an effect on an organism of the same species.
51704 multi-organism process P A biological process which involves another organism of the same or different species.
51705 multi-organism behavior P Any process in which an organism has a behavioral effect on another organism of the same or different species.
51707 response to other organism P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from another living organism.
51708 intracellular protein transport in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The directed movement of an organism's proteins within a cell of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
51709 regulation of killing of cells of other organism P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the killing by an organism of cells in another organism.
51710 regulation of cytolysis in other organism P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cytolysis by an organism of cells in another organism.
51711 negative regulation of killing of cells of other organism P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the killing by an organism of cells in another organism.
51712 positive regulation of killing of cells of other organism P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the killing by an organism of cells in another organism.
51713 negative regulation of cytolysis in other organism P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cytolysis of cells in another organism.
51714 positive regulation of cytolysis in other organism P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the cytolysis by an organism of cells in another organism.
51715 cytolysis in other organism P The killing by an organism of a cell in another organism by means of the rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm.
51716 cellular response to stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus by a cell and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell.
51717 inositol-1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate 3-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: inositol-1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate + phosphate.
51718 DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase activity, acting on CpG substrates F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + CpG (in DNA) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-MeCpG (in DNA).
51719 DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase activity, acting on CpN substrates F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + DNA containing CpN = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + DNA containing 5-MeCpN.
51720 DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase activity, acting on CpNpG substrates F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + DNA containing CpNpG = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + DNA containing 5-MeCpNpG.
51721 protein phosphatase 2A binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the enzyme protein phosphatase 2A.
51722 protein C-terminal methylesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: C-terminal protein amino acid methyl ester + H2O = protein amino acid + methanol.
51723 protein methylesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: protein amino acid methyl ester + H2O = protein amino acid + methanol.
51724 NAD transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide into, out of or within a cell, or between cells; transport may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.
51725 protein de-ADP-ribosylation P The process of removing one or more ADP-ribose residues from a protein.
51726 regulation of cell cycle P Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.
51728 cell cycle switching, mitotic to meiotic cell cycle P The process in which a cell switches cell cycle mode from mitotic to meiotic division.
51729 germline cell cycle switching, mitotic to meiotic cell cycle P The process in which a germline cell switches cell cycle mode from mitotic to meiotic division.
51730 GTP-dependent polyribonucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + 5'-dephospho-RNA = GDP + 5'-phospho-RNA.
51731 polynucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NTP + 5'-dephosphopolynucleotide = NDP + 5'-phosphopolynucleotide. The polynucleotide may be DNA or RNA.
51732 polyribonucleotide kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NTP + 5'-dephospho-RNA = NDP + 5'-phospho-RNA.
51733 polydeoxyribonucleotide kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NTP + 5'-dephospho-DNA = NDP + 5'-phospho-DNA.
51734 ATP-dependent polynucleotide kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 5'-dephosphopolynucleotide = ADP + 5'-phosphopolynucleotide. The polynucleotide may be DNA or RNA.
51735 GTP-dependent polynucleotide kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + 5'-dephosphopolynucleotide = GDP + 5'-phosphopolynucleotide. The polynucleotide may be DNA or RNA.
51736 ATP-dependent polyribonucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 5'-dephospho-RNA = ADP + 5'-phospho-RNA.
51737 GTP-dependent polydeoxyribonucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + 5'-dephospho-DNA = GDP + 5'-phospho-DNA.
51738 xanthophyll binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with xanthophylls, any of several neutral yellow to orange carotenoid pigments containing oxygen.
51740 ethylene binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ethylene (C2-H4, ethene), a simple hydrocarbon gas that can function in plants as a growth regulator.
51741 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-methionine = 2,3-dimethyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-homocysteine.
51742 2-methyl-6-solanyl-1,4-benzoquinone methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methyl-6-solanyl-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-methionine = 2,3-dimethyl-6-solanyl-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-homocysteine.
51743 red chlorophyll catabolite reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: red chlorophyll catabolite + reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+ = primary fluorescent catabolite + oxidized ferredoxin. This reaction is the reduction of the C20/C1 double bond in the pyrrole system of red chlorophyll catabolite (RCC) to a colorless tetrapyrrole (pFCC) with a strong blue fluorescence.
51744 3,8-divinyl protochlorophyllide a 8-vinyl reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: divinyl protochlorophyllide a + NADPH + H+ = monovinyl protochlorophyllide a + NADP+.
51745 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate + NAD(P)H + H+ = isopentenyl diphosphate + NAD(P)+ + H2O. Note that (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate is an alternative name for 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate.
51746 thalianol synthase activity F Catalysis of the cyclization of 3(S)-oxidosqualene to (3S,13S,14R)-malabarica-8,17,21-trien-3-ol (thalianol).
51747 cytosine C-5 DNA demethylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: methyl-dCpdG DNA + H2O = dCpdG DNA + methanol. This reaction is the hydrolytic removal of the methyl group on the 5 position of cytosine in DNA.
51748 UTP-monosaccharide-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UTP + a monosaccharide 1-phosphate = diphosphate + UDP-monosaccharide.
51749 indole acetic acid carboxyl methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: indole acetic acid + S-adenosyl-methionine = methyl indole acetic acid ester + S-adenosyl-homocysteine.
51750 delta3,5-delta2,4-dienoyl-CoA isomerase activity F Catalysis of the isomerization of 3,5-dienoyl-CoA to 2,4-dienoyl-CoA.
51751 alpha-1,4-mannosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a mannose residue to an oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->4) linkage.
51752 phosphoglucan, water dikinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [phospho-alpha-glucan] + H2O = AMP + O-phospho-[phospho-alpha-glucan] + phosphate.
51753 mannan synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: mannan(n) + GDP-mannose = mannan(n+1) + GDP. This reaction is the formation of the beta-(1->4)-linked mannan backbone in substrates such as galactomannan.
51754 meiotic sister chromatid cohesion, centromeric P The cell cycle process in which centromeres of sister chromatids are joined during meiosis.
51755 meiotic sister chromatid arm separation P The cell cycle process in which sister chromatid arms are physically detached from each other during meiosis.
51756 meiotic sister chromatid centromere separation P The cell cycle process in which the centromeres of sister chromatids are physically detached from each other during meiosis.
51757 meiotic sister chromatid separation P The process in which sister chromatids are physically detached from each other during meiosis.
51758 homologous chromosome movement towards spindle pole involved in homologous chromosome segregation P The directed movement of homologous chromosomes from the center of the spindle towards the spindle poles, mediated by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes, that contributes to meiosis I.
51759 sister chromosome movement towards spindle pole involved in meiotic sister chromatid segregation P The directed movement of sister chromosomes from the center of the spindle towards the spindle poles, mediated by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes, during meiosis II.
51760 meiotic sister chromatid cohesion, arms P The cell cycle process in which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the length of the chromosome arms during meiosis.
51761 sesquiterpene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving sesquiterpenes, any of a class of terpenes of the formula C15H24 or a derivative of such a terpene.
51762 sesquiterpene biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sesquiterpenes, any of a class of terpenes of the formula C15H24 or a derivative of such a terpene.
51763 sesquiterpene catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sesquiterpenes, any of a class of terpenes of the formula C15H24 or a derivative of such a terpene.
51764 actin crosslink formation P The process in which two or more actin filaments are connected together by proteins that act as crosslinks between the filaments. The crosslinked filaments may be on the same or differing axes.
51765 inositol tetrakisphosphate kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: inositol tetrakisphosphate + ATP = inositol pentakisphosphate + ADP.
51766 inositol trisphosphate kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: inositol trisphosphate + ATP = inositol tetrakisphosphate + ADP.
51767 nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nitric-oxide synthase, an enzyme which catalyzes the reaction L-arginine + n NADPH + n H+ + m O2 = citrulline + nitric oxide + n NADP+.
51769 regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nitric-oxide synthase enzyme.
51770 positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nitric oxide synthase enzyme.
51771 negative regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nitric-oxide synthase enzyme.
51775 response to redox state P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating redox state. Redox state refers to the balance of oxidized versus reduced forms of electron donors and acceptors in an organelle, cell or organ; plastoquinone, glutathione (GSH/GSSG), and nicotinamide nucleotides (NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH) are among the most important.
51776 detection of redox state P The series of events in which a chemical stimulus indicating redox state is received and converted into a molecular signal. Redox state refers to the balance of oxidized versus reduced forms of electron donors and acceptors in an organelle, cell or organ; plastoquinone, glutathione (GSH/GSSG), and nicotinamide nucleotides (NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH) are among the most important.
51777 ent-kaurenoate oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ent-kaurenoate + NADPH + O2 = ent-7-alpha-hydroxykaurenoate + NADP+ + H2O. This is the first of three successive reactions resulting in the oxidation of ent-kaurenoate (ent-kaurenoic acid) to gibberellin 12 (GA12).
51778 ent-7-alpha-hydroxykaurenoate oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ent-7-alpha-hydroxykaurenoate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = gibberellin 12-aldehyde + NADP+ + 2 H2O. This is the second of three successive reactions resulting in the oxidation of ent-kaurenoate (ent-kaurenoic acid) to gibberellin 12 (GA12).
51779 gibberellin 12-aldehyde oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin 12-aldehyde + NADPH + H+ + O2 = gibberellin 12 + NADP+ + H2O. This is the third of three successive reactions resulting in the oxidation of ent-kaurenoate (ent-kaurenoic acid) to gibberellin 12 (GA12).
51780 behavioral response to nutrient P Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a nutrient stimulus.
51781 positive regulation of cell division P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell division.
51782 negative regulation of cell division P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell division.
51783 regulation of nuclear division P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear division, the partitioning of the nucleus and its genetic information.
51784 negative regulation of nuclear division P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear division, the partitioning of the nucleus and its genetic information.
51785 positive regulation of nuclear division P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear division, the partitioning of the nucleus and its genetic information.
51786 all-trans-retinol 13,14-reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH(2). Note that this reaction has only been observed to occur in the opposite direction.
51787 misfolded protein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a misfolded protein.
51788 response to misfolded protein P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a misfolded protein stimulus.
51790 short-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acids with a chain length of less than C6.
51791 medium-chain fatty acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving medium-chain fatty acids, any fatty acid with a chain length of between C6 and C12.
51792 medium-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any fatty acid with a chain length of between C6 and C12.
51793 medium-chain fatty acid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any fatty acid with a chain length of between C6 and C12.
51794 regulation of catagen P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of catagen, the regression phase of the hair cycle.
51795 positive regulation of catagen P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of catagen, the regression phase of the hair cycle.
51796 negative regulation of catagen P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of catagen, the regression phase of the hair cycle.
51797 regulation of hair follicle development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hair follicle development.
51798 positive regulation of hair follicle development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hair follicle development.
51799 negative regulation of hair follicle development P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hair follicle development.
51800 phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate 3-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate + H2O = phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate + phosphate.
51801 cytolysis in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The killing by an organism of a cell in a second organism by means of the rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
51802 regulation of cytolysis in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cytolysis by that organism of cells in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
51803 negative regulation of cytolysis in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytolysis by that organism of cells in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
51804 positive regulation of cytolysis in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytolysis by that organism of cells in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
51805 evasion or tolerance of immune response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism avoids the immune response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
51806 entry into cell of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The invasion by an organism of a cell of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
51807 evasion or tolerance of defense response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process, either active or passive, by which an organism avoids or tolerates the effects of a second organism's defense response; the defense response is mounted by the second organism in response to the presence of the first organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
51808 translocation of peptides or proteins into other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The directed movement of peptides or proteins produced by an organism to a location inside a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
51809 passive evasion of immune response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism avoids the immune response of a second organism without directly interfering with the second organism's immune system, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
51810 active evasion of immune response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism avoids the immune response of a second organism which directly affects the second organism's immune system, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
51811 active evasion of immune response of other organism via regulation of complement system of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism avoids the immune response of a second organism by regulating the second organism's complement system, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
51812 active evasion of immune response of other organism via regulation of cytokine network of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism avoids the immune response of a second organism by regulating the second organism's cytokine networks, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
51813 active evasion of immune response of other organism via regulation of antigen processing and presentation in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism avoids the immune response of a second organism by regulating the second organism's antigen processing or presentation pathways, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
51814 movement in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The process in which an organism or its progeny spreads from one location to another within a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
51815 migration in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The directional movement of an organism from one place to another within a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
51816 acquisition of nutrients from other organism during symbiotic interaction P The production of structures and/or molecules in an organism that are required for the acquisition and/or utilization of nutrients obtained from a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
51817 modification of morphology or physiology of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or processes of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
51818 disruption of cells of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P A process in which an organism has a negative effect on the functioning of the second organism's cells, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
51819 induction of tumor, nodule, or growth in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The process in which an organism causes the formation of a mass of cells in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
51820 induction of tumor, nodule, or growth containing transformed cells in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The process in which an organism causes the formation in a second organism of a growth whose cells have been transformed and continue to exist in the absence of the first organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
51821 dissemination or transmission of organism from other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The movement of an organism from a second organism to another place in the environment, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. The first organism may also move to a different organism.
51822 dissemination or transmission of organism from other organism by vector involved in symbiotic interaction P The movement of an organism from a second organism to another place in the environment by means of a vector, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. The first organism may also move to a different organism, and the vector organism is often an insect or an animal.
51823 regulation of synapse structural plasticity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synapse structural plasticity. Synapse structural plasticity is a type of cytoskeletal remodeling; this remodeling is induced by stimuli that can lead to long term potentiation and it can be activity-dependent or -independent. Examples of cytoskeletal changes include the formation of new spines and increase in spine size; this can be accompanied by the insertion of greater numbers of glutamate (or other neurotransmitter) receptors into the post-synaptic membrane.
51824 recognition of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The set of specific processes that allow an organism to detect the presence of a second organism via physical or chemical signals, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
51826 negative regulation of synapse structural plasticity P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synapse structural plasticity.
51828 entry into other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Penetration by an organism into the body, tissues, or cells of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
51829 entry into other organism through natural portals involved in symbiotic interaction P Penetration by an organism into a second organism via naturally occurring openings in the second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
51830 entry into other organism through barriers of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Penetration by an organism into a second organism via active breaching of physical barriers, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
51832 avoidance of defenses of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process, either constitutive or induced, by which an organism evades, minimizes, or suppresses the effects of a second organism's defense(s), where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
51833 suppression of defenses of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the defense(s) of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. Suppression occurs by active mechanisms that normally result in the shutting down of pathways in the second organism.
51834 evasion or tolerance of defenses of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process, either active or passive, by which an organism avoids or tolerates the effects of a second organism's defense(s), where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. Defenses may be induced by the presence of the organism or may be preformed (e.g. physical barriers).
51835 positive regulation of synapse structural plasticity P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic structural plasticity.
51836 translocation of molecules into other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The directed movement of a molecule(s) produced by an organism to a location inside a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
51837 translocation of DNA into other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The directed movement of DNA from an organism to a location inside a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
51838 cytolysis by host of symbiont cells P The killing by an organism of a cell in its symbiont organism by means of the rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
51839 regulation by host of cytolysis of symbiont cells P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cytolysis by that organism of cells in its symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
51840 negative regulation by host of cytolysis of symbiont cells P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytolysis by that organism of cells in its symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
51841 positive regulation by host of cytolysis of symbiont cells P Any process in which an organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytolysis by that organism of cells in its symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
51844 translocation of peptides or proteins into symbiont P The directed movement of peptides or proteins produced by an organism to a location inside the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
51850 acquisition of nutrients from symbiont P The production of structures and/or molecules in an organism that are required for the acquisition and/or utilization of nutrients obtained from its symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
51851 modification by host of symbiont morphology or physiology P The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or processes of a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
51852 disruption by host of symbiont cells P Any process in which an organism has a negative effect on the functioning of the symbiont's cells. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
51855 recognition of symbiont P The set of specific processes that allow an organism to detect the presence of its symbiont via physical or chemical signals. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
51858 avoidance of symbiont defenses P Any process, either constitutive or induced, by which an organism evades, minimizes, or suppresses the effects of its symbiont organism's defense(s). The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
51859 suppression of symbiont defenses P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont defense(s) by active mechanisms that normally result in the shutting down of a symbiont pathway. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
51860 evasion or tolerance of symbiont defenses P The process, either active or passive, by which an organism evades or tolerates the effects of the defense(s) or defense molecules of a symbiont organism. Symbiont defenses may be induced by the presence of the organism or may be preformed (e.g. physical barriers). The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
51861 glycolipid binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a glycolipid, any compound containing one or more monosaccharide residues bound by a glycosidic linkage to a hydrophobic group such as an acylglycerol, a sphingoid, a ceramide (N-acylsphingoid) or a prenyl phosphate.
51862 translocation of molecules into symbiont P The directed movement of molecule(s) produced by an organism to a location inside the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
51864 histone demethylase activity (H3-K36 specific) F Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 36) + alpha-ketoglutarate + O2 = succinate + CO2 + formaldehyde + lysine. This reaction is the removal of a methyl group from lysine at position 36 of the histone H3 protein.
51865 protein autoubiquitination P The ubiquitination by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues, or residues on an identical protein. Ubiquitination occurs on the lysine residue by formation of an isopeptide crosslink.
51866 general adaptation syndrome P General adaptation syndrome is the set of changes in various organ systems of the body, especially the pituitary-endocrine system, in response to a wide range of strong external stimuli, both physiological and psychological. It is described as having three stages: alarm reaction, where the body detects the external stimulus; adaptation, where the body engages defensive countermeasures against the stressor; and exhaustion, where the body begins to run out of defenses.
51867 general adaptation syndrome, behavioral process P The set of behavioral processes that occur as part of the general adaptation syndrome, the response of the body to a strong, stressful stimulus.
51870 methotrexate binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with methotrexate, an antineoplastic antimetabolite with immunosuppressant properties. It is an inhibitor of tetrahydrofolate reductase and prevents the formation of tetrahydrofolate, necessary for synthesis of thymidylate, an essential component of DNA.
51871 dihydrofolic acid binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with dihydrofolic acid, a folic acid in which the bicyclic pteridine structure is in the dihydro, partially reduced form; they are intermediates in folate metabolism and are reduced to their tetrahydro, reduced forms.
51872 sphingosine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sphingosine (sphing-4-enine), trans-D-erytho-2-amino-octadec-4-ene-1,3-diol, a long chain amino diol sphingoid base that occurs in most sphingolipids in animal tissues.
51873 killing by host of symbiont cells P Any process mediated by an organism that results in the death of cells in the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
51874 sphinganine-1-phosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sphinganine-1-phosphate, the phosphorylated derivative of D-erythro-2-amino-1,3-octadecanediol.
51875 pigment granule localization P Any process in which a pigment granule is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.
51876 pigment granule dispersal P The directed movement of pigment granules within a cell towards the cell periphery.
51877 pigment granule aggregation in cell center P The directed movement of dispersed pigment granules towards the center of the cell.
51878 lateral element assembly P The cell cycle process in which lateral elements are formed. Axial elements form a proteinaceous core between the two sister chromatids of each chromosome; the two axial elements then connect along their entire lengths by fine fibers known as transverse filaments, forming the lateral elements.
51879 Hsp90 protein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with Hsp90 proteins, any of a group of heat shock proteins around 90kDa in size.
51880 G-quadruplex DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with G-quadruplex DNA structures, in which groups of four guanines adopt a flat, cyclic Hoogsteen hydrogen-bonding arrangement known as a guanine tetrad. The stacking of guanine tetrads results in G-quadruplex DNA structures. G-quadruplex DNA can form under physiological conditions from some G-rich sequences, such as those found in telomeres, immunoglobulin switch regions, gene promoters, fragile X repeats, and the dimerization domain in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) genome.
51881 regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential P Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of the mitochondrial membrane potential, the electric potential existing across the mitochondrial membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.
51882 mitochondrial depolarization P The process in which the potential difference across the mitochondrial membrane is reduced from its steady state level.
51883 killing of cells in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process mediated by an organism that results in the death of cells in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
51884 regulation of anagen P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anagen, the growth phase of the hair cycle.
51885 positive regulation of anagen P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anagen, the growth phase of the hair cycle.
51886 negative regulation of anagen P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anagen, the growth phase of the hair cycle.
51887 regulation of exogen P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exogen, the shedding phase of the hair cycle.
51888 positive regulation of exogen P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of exogen, the shedding phase of the hair cycle.
51889 negative regulation of exogen P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of exogen, the shedding phase of the hair cycle.
51890 regulation of cardioblast differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.
51891 positive regulation of cardioblast differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.
51892 negative regulation of cardioblast differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.
51893 regulation of focal adhesion assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of focal adhesion formation, the establishment and maturation of focal adhesions.
51894 positive regulation of focal adhesion assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of focal adhesion assembly, the establishment and maturation of focal adhesions.
51895 negative regulation of focal adhesion assembly P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of focal adhesion assembly, the establishment and maturation of focal adhesions.
51896 regulation of protein kinase B signaling P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase B signaling, a series of reactions mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B.
51897 positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase B signaling, a series of reactions mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B.
51898 negative regulation of protein kinase B signaling P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase B signaling, a series of reactions mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B.
51899 membrane depolarization P The process in which membrane potential decreases with respect to its steady-state potential, usually from negative potential to a more positive potential. For example, the initial depolarization during the rising phase of an action potential is in the direction from the negative steady-state resting potential towards the positive membrane potential that will be the peak of the action potential.
51900 regulation of mitochondrial depolarization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the change in the membrane potential of the mitochondria from negative to positive.
51901 positive regulation of mitochondrial depolarization P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the change in the membrane potential of the mitochondria from negative to positive.
51902 negative regulation of mitochondrial depolarization P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the change in the membrane potential of the mitochondria from negative to positive.
51903 S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione + NAD(P)+ = S-formylglutathione + NAD(P)H + H+.
51904 pigment granule transport P The directed movement of pigment granules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
51905 establishment of pigment granule localization P The directed movement of a pigment granule to a specific location.
51906 maintenance of pigment granule location P Any process in which a pigment granule is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere.
51907 S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione = formaldehyde + glutathione.
51908 double-stranded DNA 5'-3' exodeoxyribonuclease activity F Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 5' terminus of a double-stranded DNA molecule.
51909 acetylenecarboxylate hydratase activity, producing 3-hydroxypropenoate F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypropenoate = propynoate + H2O.
51911 Methanosarcina-phenazine hydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2 + 2-(2,3-dihydropentaprenyloxy)phenazine = 2-dihydropentaprenyloxyphenazine.
51912 CoB--CoM heterodisulfide reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme B + coenzyme M + methanophenazine = N-{7-[(2-sulfoethyl)dithio]heptanoyl}-3-O-phospho-L-threonine + dihydromethanophenazine.
51913 regulation of synaptic plasticity by chemical substance P The process in which a chemical substance modulates synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require.
51914 positive regulation of synaptic plasticity by chemical substance P The process in which a chemical substance increases synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require.
51915 induction of synaptic plasticity by chemical substance P The process in which a chemical substance activates synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require.
51916 granulocyte colony-stimulating factor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, G-CSF.
51917 regulation of fibrinolysis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fibrinolysis, an ongoing process that solubilizes fibrin, resulting in the removal of small blood clots.
51918 negative regulation of fibrinolysis P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibrinolysis, an ongoing process that solubilizes fibrin, resulting in the removal of small blood clots.
51919 positive regulation of fibrinolysis P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibrinolysis, an ongoing process that solubilizes fibrin, resulting in the removal of small blood clots.
51920 peroxiredoxin activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 R'-SH + ROOH = R'-S-S-R' + H2O + ROH.
51921 adenosylcobyric acid synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4 L-glutamine + adenosylcob(III)yrinate a,c-diamide + 4 ATP + 4 H(2)O = 4 L-glutamate + adenosylcobyrate + 4 ADP + 8 H(+) + 4 phosphate.
51922 cholesterol sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + cholesterol = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + cholesterol sulfate.
51923 sulfation P The addition of a sulfate group to a molecule.
51924 regulation of calcium ion transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
51926 negative regulation of calcium ion transport P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
51928 positive regulation of calcium ion transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
51930 regulation of sensory perception of pain P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the sensory perception of pain, the series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal.
51931 regulation of sensory perception P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception, the series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal.
51932 synaptic transmission, GABAergic P The process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
51933 amino acid neurotransmitter reuptake P The uptake of amino acid neurotransmitters by neurons or glial cells. This process leads to inactivation and recycling of neurotransmitters.
51934 catecholamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission P The uptake of catecholamine neurotransmitters by neurons or glial cells. This process leads to inactivation and recycling of neurotransmitters.
51935 glutamate reuptake P The uptake of L-glutamate by neurons or glial cells. This process leads to inactivation and recycling of neurotransmitters.
51936 gamma-aminobutyric acid reuptake P The uptake of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) by neurons or glial cells. This process leads to inactivation and recycling of neurotransmitters.
51937 catecholamine transport P The directed movement of catecholamines, a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine.
51938 L-glutamate import P The directed movement of L-glutamate, the L-enantiomer of the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid, into a cell or organelle.
51939 gamma-aminobutyric acid import P The directed movement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) into a cell or organelle.
51940 regulation of catecholamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of catecholamine neurotransmitters into a neuron or glial cell.
51941 regulation of amino acid uptake involved in synaptic transmission P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amino acid neurotransmitters into a neuron or glial cell.
51942 negative regulation of amino acid uptake involved in synaptic transmission P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amino acid neurotransmitters into a neuron or glial cell.
51943 positive regulation of amino acid uptake involved in synaptic transmission P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amino acid neurotransmitters into a neuron or glial cell.
51944 positive regulation of catecholamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of catecholamine neurotransmitters into a neuron or glial cell.
51945 negative regulation of catecholamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of catecholamine neurotransmitters into a neuron or glial cell.
51946 regulation of glutamate uptake involved in transmission of nerve impulse P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of L-glutamate into a neuron or glial cell.
51947 regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake involved in transmission of nerve impulse P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) into a neuron or glial cell.
51948 negative regulation of glutamate uptake involved in transmission of nerve impulse P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of L-glutamate into a neuron or glial cell.
51949 negative regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake involved in transmission of nerve impulse P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) into a neuron or glial cell.
51950 positive regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake involved in transmission of nerve impulse P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) into a neuron or glial cell.
51951 positive regulation of glutamate uptake involved in transmission of nerve impulse P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of L-glutamate into a neuron or glial cell.
51952 regulation of amine transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amines into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
51953 negative regulation of amine transport P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amines into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
51954 positive regulation of amine transport P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amines into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
51955 regulation of amino acid transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
51956 negative regulation of amino acid transport P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
51957 positive regulation of amino acid transport P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
51958 methotrexate transport P The directed movement of methotrexate, 4-amino-10-methylformic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Methotrexate is a folic acid analogue and a potent competitive inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase.
51959 dynein light intermediate chain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a light intermediate chain of the dynein complex.
51960 regulation of nervous system development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue.
51961 negative regulation of nervous system development P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue.
51962 positive regulation of nervous system development P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue.
51963 regulation of synapse assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synapse assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse.
51964 negative regulation of synapse assembly P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synapse assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse.
51965 positive regulation of synapse assembly P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synapse assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse.
51966 regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutamatergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glutamate.
51967 negative regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glutamatergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glutamate.
51968 positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glutamatergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glutamate.
51969 regulation of transmission of nerve impulse P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transmission of a nerve impulse, the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a neuron in response to stimulation.
51970 negative regulation of transmission of nerve impulse P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transmission of a nerve impulse, the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a neuron in response to stimulation.
51971 positive regulation of transmission of nerve impulse P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transmission of a nerve impulse, the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a neuron in response to stimulation.
51972 regulation of telomerase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of telomerase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1). Telomerases catalyze extension of the 3'- end of a DNA strand by one deoxynucleotide at a time using an internal RNA template that encodes the telomeric repeat sequence.
51973 positive regulation of telomerase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telomerase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1).
51974 negative regulation of telomerase activity P Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme telomerase, which catalyzes of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1).
51975 lysine biosynthetic process via alpha-aminoadipate and saccharopine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine via the intermediates alpha-aminoadipic acid and saccharopine. This pathway is used by yeast and fungi to synthesize the essential amino acid L-lysine, and pathway intermediates are often incorporated into secondary metabolic processes. The pathway proceeds as follows: alpha-ketoglutarate is converted to homocitrate, which is metabolized to 3-carboxyhex-2-enedioate and then homoisocitrate. This is then decarboxylated to form alpha-ketoadipate, which is then converted to alpha-aminoadipate. This is then reduced to form alpha-aminoadipate 6-semialdehyde, which is metabolized to saccharopine and finally L-lysine.
51976 lysine biosynthetic process via alpha-aminoadipate and N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine via the intermediates alpha-aminoadipic acid and N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipate. This pathway of prokaryotic lysine biosynthesis via alpha-aminoadipate was discovered in the hyper-thermophilic Gram-negative eubacterium Thermus thermophilus. The pathway proceeds as follows: alpha-ketoglutarate is converted to homocitrate, which is metabolized to 3-carboxyhex-2-enedioate and then homoisocitrate. This is then decarboxylated to form alpha-ketoadipate, which is then converted to alpha-aminoadipate. This undergoes acetylation, to form N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipate, and is then phosphorylated to give N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipyl-delta-phosphate. This is converted to N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipate semialdehyde, which is then converted to N2-acetyl-L-lysine. A final deacetylation reaction produces L-lysine.
51977 lysophospholipid transport P The directed movement of phospholipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A lysophospholipid is a phospholipid that lacks one of its fatty acyl chains; it is an intermediate formed during digestion of dietary and biliary phospholipids.
51978 lysophospholipid transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of lysophospholipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. A lysophospholipid is a phospholipid that lacks one of its fatty acyl chains; it is an intermediate formed during digestion of dietary and biliary phospholipids.
51979 alginic acid acetylation P The addition of O-acetyl ester groups to alginic acid, a linear polymer of D-mannuronate and L-guluronate.
51980 iron-nicotianamine transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of the iron chelate iron-nicotianamine (Fe-NA) from one side of a membrane to the other.
51981 copper chelate transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a copper chelate from one side of a membrane to the other. A copper chelate is a heterocyclic compound having a metal ion attached by coordinate bonds to at least two nonmetal ions.
51982 copper-nicotianamine transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of the copper chelate copper-nicotianamine (Cu-NA) from one side of a membrane to the other.
51983 regulation of chromosome segregation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome segregation, the process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets.
51984 positive regulation of chromosome segregation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome segregation, the process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets.
51985 negative regulation of chromosome segregation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome segregation, the process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets.
51986 negative regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the attachment of spindle microtubules to the kinetochore.
51987 positive regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the attachment of spindle microtubules to the kinetochore.
51988 regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the attachment of spindle microtubules to the kinetochore.
51989 coproporphyrinogen dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: coproporphyrinogen III + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = protoporphyrinogen IX + 2 CO2 + 2 L-methionine + 2 5'-deoxyadenosine.
51990 (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + acceptor = 2-oxoglutarate + reduced acceptor.
51991 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine-diphosphoundecaprenol 4-beta-N-acetylglucosaminlytransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine-diphosphoundecaprenol + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine-diphosphoundecaprenyl-N-acetylglucosamine + UDP.
51992 UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine:undecaprenyl-phosphate transferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine + di-trans,poly-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate = UMP + N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine-diphosphoundecaprenol.
51993 abscisic acid glucose ester beta-glucosidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: abscisic acid glucose ester + H2O = abscisic acid + beta-D-glucose.
51994 P-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the phosphorus atom of an acceptor molecule.
51995 Se-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the selenium atom of an acceptor molecule.
51996 squalene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: presqualene diphosphate + NADPH = squalene + NADP+ + diphosphate.
51997 2-oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-ureidoimidazoline decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-ureido-2,5-dihydro-1H imidazole-5-carboxylate + H+ = S-allantoin + CO2.
51998 protein carboxyl O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to a carboxyl group on a protein.
51999 mannosyl-inositol phosphorylceramide biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mannosyl-inositol phosphorylceramide, any lipid with a phosphodiester bridge between an inositol residue and the ceramide group which contains a phosphoryl (-P(O)=) groups and a mannose derivative.
52000 Type IV pili-dependent aggregation P The formation of bacterial aggregates in liquid culture dependent on the presence of Type IV pili.
52001 Type IV pili-dependent localized adherence to host P Attachment of bacterial clusters to the surface of the host in a type IV pili dependent manner. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52002 metabolism by symbiont of substance in host P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52003 negative regulation by symbiont of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathways during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52004 negative regulation by symbiont of host salicylic acid-mediated defense response P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the salicylic acid-mediated defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52005 negative regulation by symbiont of host ethylene-mediated defense response P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the ethylene-mediated defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52006 catabolism by symbiont of substance in host P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism in its host resulting in the breakdown of substances. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52007 biosynthesis by symbiont of substance in host P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism in its host resulting in the formation of substances. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52008 disruption by symbiont of host cellular component P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of cellular components of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52009 disruption by symbiont of host cell wall P A process carried out by a symbiont that breaks down the cell wall of its host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52010 catabolism by symbiont of host cell wall cellulose P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of cellulose in the host cell wall. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52011 catabolism by symbiont of host cell wall pectin P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of pectin in the host cell wall. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52012 catabolism by symbiont of host cell wall chitin P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of chitin in the host cell wall. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52013 catabolism by symbiont of host macromolecule P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of macromolecules within the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52014 catabolism by symbiont of host protein P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of protein macromolecules within the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52015 catabolism by symbiont of host carbohydrate P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrate molecules within the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52016 catabolism by symbiont of host glucan P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of glucan molecules within the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52017 catabolism by symbiont of host xylan P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of xylan within the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52018 modulation by symbiont of RNA levels in host P The alteration by an organism of the levels of RNA in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52019 modulation by symbiont of host hormone or growth regulator levels P The alteration by an organism of the levels of hormones or growth regulators in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52020 modification by symbiont of host cell wall P The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of the host cell wall. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52021 modulation by symbiont of ethylene levels in host P The alteration by an organism of the levels of ethylene in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52022 modulation by symbiont of jasmonic acid levels in host P The alteration by an organism of the levels of jasmonic acid in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52023 modulation by symbiont of salicylic acid levels in host P The alteration by an organism of the levels of salicylic acid in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52024 positive regulation by symbiont of hormone or growth regulator levels in host P The increase by an organism of the levels of hormones or growth regulators in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52025 modification by symbiont of host cell membrane P The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of a host cellular membrane. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52026 modulation by symbiont of host transcription P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its host's transcription. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52027 modulation by symbiont of host signal transduction pathway P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the host signal transduction pathways, the cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52028 positive regulation by symbiont of host signal transduction pathway P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the host signal transduction pathways, the cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52029 negative regulation by symbiont of host signal transduction pathway P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the host signal transduction pathways, the cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52031 modulation by symbiont of host defense response P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the defense response of its host, the response mounted by the host in response to the presence of the organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52032 modulation by symbiont of host inflammatory response P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response of the host organism; the inflammatory response is the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52033 pathogen-associated molecular pattern dependent induction by symbiont of host innate immune response P Any process that involves recognition of a pathogen-associated molecular pattern, and by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response of the host organism; the innate immune response is the host's first line of defense against infection. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52034 negative regulation by symbiont of microbe-associated molecular pattern-induced host innate immune response P Any process that involves recognition of a microbe-associated molecular pattern, and by which an organism tops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response of the host organism; the innate immune response is the host's first line of defense against infection. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52035 positive regulation by symbiont of host inflammatory response P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response of the host organism; the inflammatory response is the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52036 negative regulation by symbiont of host inflammatory response P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response of the host organism; the inflammatory response is the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52037 negative regulation by symbiont of host defense response P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52038 modulation by symbiont of host intracellular transport P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within the cell or cells of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52039 modification by symbiont of host cytoskeleton P The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of the host cytoskeleton. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52040 modulation by symbiont of host programmed cell death P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52041 negative regulation by symbiont of host programmed cell death P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52042 positive regulation by symbiont of host programmed cell death P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52043 modification by symbiont of host cellular component P The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of a host cellular component. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52046 modification by symbiont of host morphology or physiology via secreted substance P The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of its host organism, mediated by a substance secreted by one of the organisms. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52047 interaction with other organism via secreted substance involved in symbiotic interaction P An interaction with a second organism mediated by a substance secreted by the first organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52048 interaction with host via secreted substance involved in symbiotic interaction P An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance secreted by the other (symbiont) organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52049 interaction with host via protein secreted by type III secretion system P An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance secreted by the symbiont organism by a type III secretion system. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52050 interaction with host via substance secreted by type IV secretion system P An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance secreted by the other organism by a type IV secretion system. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52051 interaction with host via protein secreted by type II secretion system P An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance secreted by the other organism by a type II secretion system. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52052 modification by symbiont of host morphology or physiology via protein secreted by type II secretion system P The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of its host organism, mediated by a substance secreted by a type II secretion system in the organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52053 negative regulation by symbiont of host catalytic activity P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host enzyme activity. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52054 negative regulation by symbiont of host peptidase activity P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host protease activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a protein. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52055 modulation by symbiont of host molecular function P The process in which an organism effects a change in the function of a host protein via a direct interaction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52056 negative regulation by symbiont of host molecular function P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the functional activity of host proteins. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52057 modification by symbiont of host morphology or physiology via protein secreted by type III secretion system P The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of its host organism, mediated by a substance secreted by a type III secretion system in the organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52058 modification by symbiont of host morphology or physiology via substance secreted by type IV secretion system P The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of its host organism, mediated by a substance secreted by a type IV secretion system in the organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52059 evasion or tolerance by symbiont of host-produced reactive oxygen species P The process in which an organism avoids the effects of reactive oxygen species produced as a defense response by the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52060 evasion or tolerance by symbiont of host-produced nitric oxide P The process in which an organism avoids the effects of nitric oxide produced as a defense response by the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52061 evasion or tolerance by symbiont of host-produced phytoalexins P The process in which an organism avoids the effects of phytoalexins produced as a defense response by the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52062 induction by symbiont of host phytoalexin production P The activation by an organism of the production of phytoalexins as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52063 induction by symbiont of defense-related host nitric oxide production P The activation by an organism of the production of nitric oxide as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52064 induction by symbiont of defense-related host reactive oxygen species production P The activation by an organism of the production of reactive oxygen species as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52065 positive regulation by organism of defense-related calcium ion flux in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fluxes of calcium ions that occur as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52066 entry of symbiont into host cell by promotion of host phagocytosis P The invasion by an organism of a cell of its host organism by utilizing the host phagocytosis mechanism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52067 negative regulation by symbiont of entry into host cell via phagocytosis P Any process in which an organism stops or prevents itself undergoing phagocytosis into a cell in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52068 negative regulation by symbiont of host jasmonic acid-mediated defense response P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the jasmonic acid-mediated defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52069 negative regulation by symbiont of defense-related host jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathways during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52070 negative regulation by symbiont of defense-related host ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathway P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathways during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52071 positive regulation by symbiont of defense-related host ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathway P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of host ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathways during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52072 positive regulation by symbiont of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathways during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52073 positive regulation by symbiont of defense-related host jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of host jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathways during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52074 positive regulation by symbiont of host salicylic acid-mediated defense response P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the salicylic acid-mediated defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52075 positive regulation by symbiont of host jasmonic acid-mediated defense response P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the jasmonic acid-mediated defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52076 positive regulation by symbiont of host ethylene-mediated defense response P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the ethylene-mediated defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52077 modulation by symbiont of defense-related host ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathway P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of host ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathways during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52078 negative regulation by symbiont of defense-related host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathways during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52079 positive regulation by symbiont of defense-related host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathways during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52080 modulation by symbiont of defense-related host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathways during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52081 modulation by symbiont of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathways during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52082 modulation by symbiont of defense-related host jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of host jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathways during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52083 negative regulation by symbiont of host cell-mediated immune response P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cell mediated immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52084 modulation by symbiont of host ethylene-mediated defense response P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the ethylene-mediated defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52085 negative regulation by symbiont of host T-cell mediated immune response P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the T-cell mediated immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52086 negative regulation by symbiont of host B-cell mediated immune response P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the B-cell mediated immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52087 negative regulation by symbiont of defense-related host callose deposition P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of callose deposition performed by the host as part of its defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52088 modulation by symbiont of host jasmonic acid-mediated defense response P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the jasmonic acid-mediated defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52089 modulation by symbiont of host salicylic acid-mediated defense response P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the salicylic acid-mediated defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52090 modulation by symbiont of defense-related host callose deposition P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of callose deposition by the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52091 modulation by symbiont of nutrient release from host P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the release of nutrients from its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52092 positive regulation by symbiont of nutrient release from host P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the release of nutrients from its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52093 formation of specialized structure for nutrient acquisition from host P The assembly by an organism of a cellular component or anatomical structure for the purpose of obtaining nutrients from its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52094 formation by symbiont of haustorium for nutrient acquisition from host P The assembly by an organism of a haustorium, a projection from a cell or tissue that penetrates the host's tissues for the purpose of obtaining nutrients from its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52095 formation of specialized structure for nutrient acquisition from other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The assembly by an organism of a cellular component or anatomical structure for the purpose of obtaining nutrients from a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52096 formation by symbiont of syncytium involving giant cell for nutrient acquisition from host P The assembly by an organism of a syncytium, a nematode-induced multi-nucleate and physiologically active aggregation of fused root cells which exclusively provides the nematode with nourishment during its sedentary life, for the purpose of obtaining nutrients from its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52097 interspecies quorum sensing P The process in which a community of single-celled organisms of different species monitors population density by detecting the concentration of small diffusible signal molecules.
52098 formation by host of specialized structure for nutrient acquisition from symbiont P The assembly by an organism of a cellular component or anatomical structure for the purpose of obtaining nutrients from a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52099 acquisition by symbiont of nutrients from host via siderophores P The process that begins with the production and formation of siderophores in an organism that are required for the acquisition and utilization of nutrients from its host organism, and the ends with the acquirement of the nutrients. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52100 intraspecies quorum sensing P The process in which single-celled organisms of the same species monitor population density by detecting the concentration of small, diffusible signal molecules.
52101 induction by symbiont of host resistance gene-dependent defense response P The activation by an organism of the resistance gene-dependent defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52102 positive regulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium-dependent protein kinase pathway P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the host calcium-dependent protein kinase pathway during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52103 induction by symbiont of host induced systemic resistance P Any process in which an organism activates induced systemic resistance in the host; induced systemic resistance is a response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease and that does not depend upon salicylic acid signaling. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52104 induction by symbiont of host systemic acquired resistance P Any process in which an organism activates systemic acquired resistance in the host organism; systemic acquired resistance is a salicylic acid-mediated response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52105 induction by symbiont of defense-related host cell wall thickening P The activation by an organism of host processes resulting in the thickening of its cell walls, occurring as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52106 quorum sensing involved in interaction with host P The process in which a community of single-celled organisms living in intimate contact with a host organism monitors population density by detecting the concentration of small diffusible signal molecules. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52107 positive regulation by symbiont of defense-related host callose deposition P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of callose deposition by the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52109 positive regulation by symbiont of defense-related host cell wall callose deposition P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the deposition of callose by the host in its cell walls, occurring as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52110 occlusion by symbiont of host vascular system P The process in which an organism reduces the flow of fluid within its host's vascular system, the vessels and tissue that carry or circulate fluids, such as blood, lymph or sap, through the body of an animal or plant. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52111 modification by symbiont of host structure P The process in which an organism effects a change in an anatomical part or cellular component of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52112 occlusion by symbiont of host xylem P The process in which an organism reduces the flow of fluid within the host xylem, the tissue in plants that carries water and nutrients up from the roots to the shoot and leaves. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52115 energy taxis in host environment P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in the environment of its host organism in response to physical parameters involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52116 chemotaxis in host environment P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient on, within or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52117 aerotaxis in host environment P The movement of a motile cell or organism in response to environmental oxygen on, within or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52118 positive energy taxis in host environment P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism on, within or near its host organism towards a higher level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52119 negative energy taxis in host environment P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism on, within or near its host organism towards a lower level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52120 positive aerotaxis in host environment P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of environmental oxygen on, within or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52121 positive chemotaxis in host environment P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of a chemical on, within or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52122 negative aerotaxis in host environment P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of environmental oxygen on, within or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52123 negative chemotaxis in host environment P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of a specific chemical on, within or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52124 energy taxis within host P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism within its host organism in response to physical parameters involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52125 energy taxis on or near host P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism on or near its host organism in response to physical parameters involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52126 movement in host environment P The directed movement of an organism or motile cell on, within or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52127 movement on or near host P The directed movement of an organism or motile cell on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52128 positive energy taxis P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates.
52129 negative energy taxis P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates.
52130 negative aerotaxis P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of environmental oxygen.
52131 positive aerotaxis P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of environmental oxygen.
52132 positive aerotaxis on or near host P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of environmental oxygen on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52133 positive aerotaxis in host P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of environmental oxygen within its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52134 negative aerotaxis on or near host P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of environmental oxygen on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52135 negative aerotaxis in host P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of environmental oxygen within its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52136 negative chemotaxis on or near host P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of a specific chemical on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52137 aerotaxis in host P The movement of a motile cell or organism in response to environmental oxygen within its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52138 aerotaxis on or near host P The movement of a motile cell or organism in response to environmental oxygen on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52139 negative chemotaxis in host P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of a specific chemical within its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52140 positive chemotaxis in host P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of a specific chemical within its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52141 positive chemotaxis on or near host P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of a specific chemical on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52142 chemotaxis within host P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient within its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52143 chemotaxis on or near host involved in symbiotic interaction P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52144 negative energy taxis in host P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism within its host organism towards a lower level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52145 negative energy taxis on or near host P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism on or near its host organism towards a lower level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52146 positive energy taxis on or near host P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism on or near its host organism towards a higher level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52147 positive energy taxis in host P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism within its host organism towards a higher level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52148 modulation by symbiont of host catalytic activity P The process in which an organism effects a change in host enzyme activity. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52149 modulation by symbiont of host peptidase activity P The process in which an organism effects a change in host peptidase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a protein. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52150 modulation by symbiont of host apoptotic process P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host, where programmed cell death proceeds by apoptosis. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52151 positive regulation by symbiont of host apoptotic process P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host, where programmed cell death proceeds by apoptosis. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52154 modulation by symbiont of host B-cell mediated immune response P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the B-cell mediated immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52155 modulation by symbiont of host cell-mediated immune response P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any form of cell-based immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52156 modulation by symbiont of host T-cell mediated immune response P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the T-cell mediated immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52157 modulation by symbiont of microbe-associated molecular pattern-induced host innate immune response P Any process that involves recognition of a microbe-associated molecular pattern, and by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response of the host organism; the innate immune response is the host's first line of defense against infection. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52158 modulation by symbiont of host resistance gene-dependent defense response P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the resistance gene-dependent defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52159 modulation by symbiont of host induced systemic resistance P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of induced systemic resistance in the host organism; induced systemic resistance is a response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease and that does not depend upon salicylic acid signaling. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52160 modulation by symbiont of host systemic acquired resistance P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of systemic acquired resistance in the host organism; systemic acquired resistance is a salicylic acid-mediated response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52161 modulation by symbiont of defense-related host cell wall thickening P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of host processes resulting in the thickening of its cell walls, occurring as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52162 modulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium ion flux P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion fluxes as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52163 modulation by symbiont of defense-related host nitric oxide production P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the production of nitric oxide as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52164 modulation by symbiont of defense-related host reactive oxygen species production P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the production of reactive oxygen species as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52165 modulation by symbiont of host phytoalexin production P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of production of phytoalexins as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52166 positive regulation by symbiont of host innate immune response P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response of the host organism; the innate immune response is the host's first line of defense against infection. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52167 modulation by symbiont of host innate immune response P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response of the host organism; the innate immune response is the host's first line of defense against infection. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52168 modulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium-dependent protein kinase pathway P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the host calcium-dependent protein kinase signal transduction pathways during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52169 pathogen-associated molecular pattern dependent modulation by symbiont of host innate immune response P Any process that involves recognition of a pathogen-associated molecular pattern, and by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response of the host organism; the innate immune response is the host's first line of defense against infection. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52170 negative regulation by symbiont of host innate immune response P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response of the host organism, the host's first line of defense against infection. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52172 metabolism by symbiont of host cell wall cellulose P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving cellulose in the cell wall of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52173 response to defenses of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting the defenses of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52174 metabolism by symbiont of host macromolecule P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving macromolecules within the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52175 metabolism by symbiont of host carbohydrate P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving carbohydrates within the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52176 metabolism by symbiont of host glucan P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving glucans within the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52177 metabolism by symbiont of host xylan P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving xylan within the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52178 metabolism by symbiont of host cell wall chitin P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving chitin in the cell wall of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52179 metabolism by symbiont of host cell wall pectin P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving pectin in the cell wall of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52180 negative regulation of peptidase activity in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protease activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a protein, in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52181 modulation by host of symbiont defense response P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the resistance gene-dependent defense response of the symbiont. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52182 modification by host of symbiont morphology or physiology via secreted substance P The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of a symbiont organism, mediated by a substance secreted by one of the organisms. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52183 modification by host of symbiont structure P The process in which an organism effects a change in an anatomical part or cellular component of the host organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52185 modification of structure of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The process in which an organism effects a change in an anatomical part or cellular component of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52186 modulation by organism of hormone or growth regulator levels in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The alteration by an organism of the levels of hormones or growth regulators in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52187 modification by host of symbiont cellular component P The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of a symbiont cellular component. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52188 modification of cellular component in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of a cellular component in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52189 modulation by symbiont of defense-related host cell wall callose deposition P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the deposition of callose by the host in its cell walls, occurring as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52190 modulation by symbiont of host phagocytosis P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis, the engulfing by phagocytes of external particulate material, in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52191 positive regulation by symbiont of host phagocytosis P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis, the engulfing by phagocytes of external particulate material, in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52192 movement in environment of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The directed movement of an organism or motile cell on, within or near a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52195 movement on or near other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The directed movement of an organism or motile cell on or near a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52196 negative regulation by host of symbiont defense response P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the defense response of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52197 positive regulation by host of symbiont defense response P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the defense response of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52198 modulation of peptidase activity in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The process in which an organism effects a change in peptidase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a protein, in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52199 negative regulation of catalytic activity in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of enzyme activity in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52200 response to host defenses P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting the defenses of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52201 response to symbiont defenses P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting the defenses of a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52202 negative regulation by symbiont of defense-related host cell wall callose deposition P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the deposition of callose by the host in its cell walls, occurring as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52203 modulation of catalytic activity in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The process in which an organism effects a change in enzyme activity in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52204 negative regulation of molecular function in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the functional activity of proteins in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52205 modulation of molecular function in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The process in which an organism effects a change in the function of proteins in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52206 modification of morphology or physiology of other organism via protein secreted by type II secretion system involved in symbiotic interaction P The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of a second organism, mediated by a substance secreted by a type II secretion system in the first organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52207 modification of morphology or physiology of other organism via protein secreted by type III secretion system involved in symbiotic interaction P The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of a second organism, mediated by a substance secreted by a type III secretion system in the first organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52208 modification of morphology or physiology of other organism via substance secreted by type IV secretion system involved in symbiotic interaction P The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of a second organism, mediated by a substance secreted by a type IV secretion system in the first organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52209 interaction with other organism via substance secreted by type IV secretion system involved in symbiotic interaction P An interaction with a second organism mediated by a substance secreted by the first organism by a type IV secretion system, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52210 interaction with other organism via protein secreted by type III secretion system involved in symbiotic interaction P An interaction with a second organism mediated by a substance secreted by the first organism by a type III secretion system, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52211 interaction with other organism via protein secreted by type II secretion system involved in symbiotic interaction P An interaction with a second organism mediated by a substance secreted by the first organism by a type II secretion system, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52212 modification of morphology or physiology of other organism via secreted substance involved in symbiotic interaction P The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of a second organism, mediated by a substance secreted by one of the organisms, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52213 interaction with symbiont via secreted substance involved in symbiotic interaction P An interaction with the symbiont organism mediated by a substance secreted by the other (host) organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52214 metabolism of substance in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52215 energy taxis in environment of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in the environment of a second organism in response to physical parameters involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52216 chemotaxis in environment of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient on, within or near a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52217 aerotaxis in environment of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The movement of a motile cell or organism in response to environmental oxygen on, within or near a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52218 positive energy taxis in environment of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism on, within or near a second organism towards a higher level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52219 negative energy taxis in environment of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism on, within or near a second organism towards a lower level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52220 positive aerotaxis in environment of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of environmental oxygen on, within or near a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52221 positive chemotaxis in environment of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of a chemical on, within or near a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52222 negative aerotaxis in environment of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of environmental oxygen on, within or near a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52223 negative chemotaxis in environment of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of a specific chemical on, within or near a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52224 energy taxis in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism within a second organism in response to physical parameters involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52225 energy taxis on or near other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism on or near a second organism in response to physical parameters involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52226 biosynthesis of substance in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism in a second organism resulting in the formation of substances, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52227 catabolism of substance in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism in a second organism resulting in the breakdown of substances, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52228 metabolism by symbiont of host protein P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving protein macromolecules within the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52229 metabolism of macromolecule in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving macromolecules within a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52230 modulation of intracellular transport in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within the cell or cells of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52231 modulation of phagocytosis in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis, the engulfing by phagocytes of external particulate material, in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52232 positive aerotaxis on or near other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of environmental oxygen on or near a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52233 positive aerotaxis in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of environmental oxygen within a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52234 negative aerotaxis on or near other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of environmental oxygen on or near a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52235 negative aerotaxis in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of environmental oxygen within a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52236 negative chemotaxis on or near other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of a specific chemical on or near a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52237 aerotaxis in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The movement of a motile cell or organism in response to environmental oxygen within a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52238 aerotaxis on or near other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The movement of a motile cell or organism in response to environmental oxygen on or near a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52239 negative chemotaxis in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of a specific chemical within a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52240 positive chemotaxis in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of a specific chemical within a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52241 positive chemotaxis on or near other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of a specific chemical on or near a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52242 chemotaxis in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient within a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52243 chemotaxis on or near other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient on or near a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52244 negative energy taxis in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism within a second organism towards a lower level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52245 negative energy taxis on or near other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism on or near a second organism towards a lower level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52246 positive energy taxis on or near other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism on or near a second organism towards a higher level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52247 positive energy taxis in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The directed movement of a motile cell or organism within a second organism towards a higher level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52248 modulation of programmed cell death in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52249 modulation of RNA levels in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The alteration by an organism of the levels of RNA in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52250 modulation of signal transduction in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the signal transduction pathways, the cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, occurring in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52251 induction by organism of defense response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The activation by an organism of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52252 negative regulation by organism of defense-related salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathways that occur as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52253 negative regulation by organism of salicylic acid-mediated defense response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the salicylic acid-mediated defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52254 negative regulation by organism of ethylene-mediated defense response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the ethylene-mediated defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52255 modulation by organism of defense response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the defense response of a second organism, the response mounted by that organism in response to the presence of the first organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52256 modulation by organism of inflammatory response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response, the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents, of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52257 pathogen-associated molecular pattern dependent induction by organism of innate immune response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process that involves recognition of a pathogen-associated molecular pattern, and by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52258 negative regulation by organism of pathogen-associated molecular pattern-induced innate immune response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process that involves recognition of a microbe-associated molecular pattern, and by which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the first line of defense against infection, of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52259 positive regulation by organism of inflammatory response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response, the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents, of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52260 negative regulation by organism of inflammatory response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response; the inflammatory response is the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents, of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52261 suppression of defense response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52262 induction by organism of phytoalexin production in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The activation by an organism of the production of phytoalexins that occurs as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52263 induction by organism of defense-related nitric oxide production in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The activation by an organism of the production of nitric oxide that occurs as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52264 induction by organism of defense-related reactive oxygen species production in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The activation by an organism of the production of reactive oxygen species that occurs as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52265 induction by organism of defense-related calcium ion flux in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The activation by an organism of a flux of calcium ions that occurs as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52266 negative regulation by organism of jasmonic acid-mediated defense response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the jasmonic acid-mediated defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52267 negative regulation by organism of defense-related jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathways that occur as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52268 negative regulation by organism of defense-related ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathways that occur as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52269 positive regulation by organism of defense-related ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathways that occur as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52270 positive regulation by organism of defense-related salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathways that occur as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52271 positive regulation by organism of defense-related jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathways that occur as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52272 positive regulation by organism of salicylic acid-mediated defense response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the salicylic acid-mediated defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52273 positive regulation by organism of jasmonic acid-mediated defense response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the jasmonic acid-mediated defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52274 positive regulation by organism of ethylene-mediated defense response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the ethylene-mediated defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52275 negative regulation by organism of defense-related MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathways that occur as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52276 positive regulation by organism of defense-related MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathways that occur as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52277 modulation by organism of defense-related MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathways that occur as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52278 negative regulation by organism of cell-mediated immune response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cell-based immune response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52279 modulation by organism of ethylene-mediated defense response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the ethylene-mediated defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52280 negative regulation by organism of T-cell mediated immune response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the T-cell mediated immune response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52281 negative regulation by organism of B-cell mediated immune response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the B-cell mediated immune response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52282 negative regulation by organism of defense-related callose deposition in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the accumulation of callose that occurs as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52283 modulation by organism of jasmonic acid-mediated defense response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the jasmonic acid-mediated defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52284 modulation by organism of salicylic acid-mediated defense response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the salicylic acid-mediated defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52285 modulation by organism of defense-related callose deposition of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the accumulation of callose that occurs as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52286 induction by organism of resistance gene-dependent defense response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The activation by an organism of the resistance gene-dependent defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52287 positive regulation by organism of defense-related calcium-dependent protein kinase pathway in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-dependent protein kinase pathways that occur as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52288 induction by organism of induced systemic resistance in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism activates induced systemic resistance, a response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease and that does not depend upon salicylic acid signaling, in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52289 induction by organism of systemic acquired resistance in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism activates systemic acquired resistance, a salicylic acid-mediated response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance, in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52290 induction by organism of defense-related cell wall thickening in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The activation by an organism of the thickening of cell walls that occurs as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52291 positive regulation by organism of defense-related callose deposition in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the accumulation of callose that occurs as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52292 positive regulation by organism of defense-related cell wall callose deposition in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the deposition by a second organism of callose in its cell walls, occurring as part of the defense response, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52293 modulation by organism of B-cell mediated immune response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the B-cell mediated immune response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52294 modulation by organism of cell-mediated immune response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any form of cell-based immune response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52295 modulation by organism of T-cell mediated immune response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the T-cell mediated immune response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52296 modulation by organism of microbe-associated molecular pattern-induced innate immune response in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process that involves recognition of a microbe-associated molecular pattern, and by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the first line of defense against infection, of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52297 modulation by organism of resistance gene-dependent defense response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the resistance gene-dependent defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52298 modulation by organism of induced systemic resistance in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of induced systemic resistance, a response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease and that does not depend upon salicylic acid signaling, in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52299 modulation by organism of systemic acquired resistance in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of systemic acquired resistance, a salicylic acid-mediated response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance, in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52300 modulation by organism of defense-related cell wall thickening in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the thickening of cell walls that occurs as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52301 modulation by organism of defense-related calcium ion flux in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fluxes of calcium ions that occur as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52302 modulation by organism of defense-related nitric oxide production in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the production of nitric oxide that occurs as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52303 modulation by organism of defense-related reactive oxygen species production in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the production of reactive oxygen species that occurs as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52304 modulation by organism of phytoalexin production in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of production of phytoalexins that occurs as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52305 positive regulation by organism of innate immune response in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52306 modulation by organism of innate immune response in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the first line of defense against infection, of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52307 modulation by organism of defense-related calcium-dependent protein kinase pathway in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-dependent protein kinase signal transduction pathways that occur as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52308 pathogen-associated molecular pattern dependent modulation by organism of innate immune response in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process that involves recognition of a pathogen-associated molecular pattern, and by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the first line of defense against infection, of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52309 negative regulation by organism of innate immune response in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52310 modulation by organism of defense-related cell wall callose deposition in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the accumulation of callose in cell walls that occurs as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52311 negative regulation by organism of defense-related cell wall callose deposition in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the accumulation of callose in cell walls that occurs as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52312 modulation of transcription in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52313 modulation of nutrient release from other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the release of nutrients from a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52314 phytoalexin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytoalexins, any of a range of substances produced by plants as part of their defense response.
52315 phytoalexin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytoalexins, any of a range of substances produced by plants as part of their defense response.
52316 phytoalexin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phytoalexins, any of a range of substances produced by plants as part of their defense response.
52317 camalexin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving camalexin, an indole phytoalexin.
52318 regulation of phytoalexin metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phytoalexin metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving phytoalexins, any of a range of substances produced by plants as part of their defense response.
52319 regulation of phytoalexin biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phytoalexin biosynthesis, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytoalexins.
52320 positive regulation of phytoalexin metabolic process P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phytoalexin metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving phytoalexins.
52321 negative regulation of phytoalexin metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phytoalexin metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving phytoalexins.
52322 positive regulation of phytoalexin biosynthetic process P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phytoalexin biosynthesis, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytoalexins.
52323 negative regulation of phytoalexin biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phytoalexin biosynthesis, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytoalexins.
52324 plant-type cell wall cellulose biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation, as part of the organization and biogenesis of the cell wall.
52325 cell wall pectin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pectin, a polymer containing a backbone of alpha-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid residues, as part of the organization and biogenesis of the cell wall.
52329 positive regulation by organism of phytoalexin production in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the production of phytoalexins that occurs as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52330 positive regulation by organism of programmed cell death in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52331 hemolysis in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The cytolytic destruction of red blood cells, with the release of intracellular hemoglobin, in one organism by another, where two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52332 modification by organism of membrane in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of a cellular membrane of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52333 modification by organism of cell wall of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of the cell wall of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52334 modification by organism of cytoskeleton of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of the cytoskeleton of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52335 modification by host of symbiont cytoskeleton P The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of the symbiont cytoskeleton. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52336 modification by host of symbiont cell wall P The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of the symbiont cell wall. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52337 modification by host of symbiont membrane P The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of a symbiont cellular membrane. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52338 disruption by host of symbiont cell wall P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of the symbiont cell wall. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52339 disruption by organism of cell wall of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of the cell wall of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52340 catabolism by organism of cell wall cellulose in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of cellulose in the cell wall of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52341 catabolism by organism of cell wall pectin in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of pectin in the cell wall of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52342 catabolism by organism of cell wall chitin in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of chitin in the cell wall of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52344 positive regulation by symbiont of host phytoalexin production P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the production of phytoalexins as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52345 positive regulation by organism of defense-related nitric oxide production in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the production of nitric oxide that occurs as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52347 positive regulation by symbiont of defense-related host nitric oxide production P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the production of nitric oxide as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52348 positive regulation by organism of defense-related reactive oxygen species production in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the production of reactive oxygen species that occurs as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52352 biosynthesis by host of substance in symbiont P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism in its symbiont resulting in the formation of substances. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52353 catabolism by host of symbiont carbohydrate P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrate molecules within the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52354 catabolism by organism of carbohydrate in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrate molecules within a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52355 catabolism by host of symbiont cell wall cellulose P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of cellulose in the symbiont cell wall. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52356 catabolism by host of symbiont cell wall chitin P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of chitin in the symbiont cell wall. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52357 catabolism by host of symbiont cell wall pectin P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of pectin in the symbiont cell wall. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52358 catabolism by host of symbiont glucan P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of glucan molecules within the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52359 catabolism by organism of glucan in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of glucan molecules within a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52360 catabolism by host of symbiont macromolecule P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of macromolecules within the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52361 catabolism by organism of macromolecule in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of macromolecules within a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52362 catabolism by host of symbiont protein P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of protein macromolecules within the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52363 catabolism by organism of protein in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of protein macromolecules within the second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52364 catabolism by host of substance in symbiont P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism in its symbiont resulting in the breakdown of substances. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52365 catabolism by host of symbiont xylan P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of xylan within the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52366 catabolism by organism of xylan in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of xylan within a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52367 disruption by host of symbiont cellular component P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of cellular components of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52368 disruption by organism of cellular component in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of cellular components of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52369 positive regulation by symbiont of defense-related host reactive oxygen species production P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the production of reactive oxygen species as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52370 entry of organism into cell of other organism by promotion of phagocytosis in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The invasion by an organism of a cell of a second organism by utilizing the second organism's phagocytosis mechanism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52371 regulation by organism of entry into other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent to which it enters into a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52372 modulation by symbiont of entry into host P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent to which it enters into the host organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52373 negative regulation by organism of entry into other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent to which it enters into a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52374 negative regulation by symbiont of entry into host P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent to which it enters into the host organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52376 evasion or tolerance by organism of nitric oxide produced by other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The process in which an organism avoids the effects of nitric oxide produced as a defense response by a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52378 evasion or tolerance by organism of phytoalexins produced by other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The process in which an organism avoids the effects of phytoalexins produced as a defense response by the second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52379 modulation by organism of entry into other organism via phagocytosis involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent to which it enters into a second organism via the phagocytotic processes of the other organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52380 modulation by symbiont of entry into host via phagocytosis P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent to which it enters into the host, via the phagocytotic processes of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52381 tRNA dimethylallyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylallyl diphosphate + tRNA = diphosphate + tRNA containing 6-dimethylallyladenosine.
52382 induction by organism of innate immune response in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The activation by an organism of the innate immune response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52385 evasion or tolerance by organism of reactive oxygen species produced by other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The process in which an organism avoids the effects of reactive oxygen species produced as a defense response by a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52386 cell wall thickening P A type of cell wall modification in which the cell wall is reinforced and made thicker.
52389 positive regulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium ion flux P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fluxes of calcium ions that occur as part of the defense response of a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52390 induction by symbiont of host innate immune response P The activation by an organism of the innate immune response of the host organism; the innate immune response is the host's first line of defense against infection. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52391 induction by symbiont of defense-related host calcium ion flux P The activation by an organism of a flux of calcium ions that occurs as part of the defense response of a host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52393 induction by host of symbiont defense response P The activation by an organism of the defense response of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52403 negative regulation by host of symbiont catalytic activity P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont enzyme activity. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52404 negative regulation by host of symbiont peptidase activity P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont protease activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a protein. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52405 negative regulation by host of symbiont molecular function P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the functional activity of symbiont proteins. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52406 metabolism by host of symbiont carbohydrate P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving carbohydrates within the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52407 metabolism by organism of carbohydrate in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving carbohydrates within a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52408 metabolism by host of symbiont cell wall cellulose P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving cellulose in the cell wall of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52409 metabolism by organism of cell wall cellulose in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving cellulose in the cell wall of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52410 metabolism by host of symbiont cell wall chitin P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving chitin in the cell wall of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52411 metabolism by organism of cell wall chitin in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving chitin in the cell wall of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52412 metabolism by host of symbiont cell wall pectin P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving pectin in the cell wall of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52413 metabolism by organism of cell wall pectin in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving pectin in the cell wall of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52414 metabolism by host of symbiont glucan P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving glucans within the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52415 metabolism by organism of glucan in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving glucans within a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52416 metabolism by host of symbiont macromolecule P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving macromolecules within the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52417 metabolism by host of symbiont protein P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving protein macromolecules within the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52418 metabolism by organism of protein in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving protein macromolecules within a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52419 metabolism by host of substance in symbiont P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism in its symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52420 metabolism by host of symbiont xylan P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving xylan within the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52421 metabolism by organism of xylan in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving xylan within a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52422 modulation by host of symbiont catalytic activity P The process in which a host organism effects a change in the enzyme activity of its symbiont organism.
52423 positive regulation by organism of resistance gene-dependent defense response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the resistance gene-dependent defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52427 modulation by host of symbiont peptidase activity P The process in which an organism effects a change in symbiont peptidase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a protein. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52428 modification by host of symbiont molecular function P The process in which an organism effects a change in the function of proteins in the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52430 modulation by host of symbiont RNA levels P The alteration by an organism of the levels of RNA in a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52433 modulation by organism of apoptotic process in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death by apoptosis in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52435 modulation by host of defense-related symbiont MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathways during the symbiont defense response. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52441 modulation by organism of defense-related ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathways that occur as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52443 modulation by organism of defense-related jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathways that occur as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52445 modulation by organism of defense-related salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathways that occur as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52449 modulation by organism of ethylene levels in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The alteration by an organism of the levels of ethylene in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52456 modulation by organism of jasmonic acid levels in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The alteration by an organism of the levels of jasmonic acid in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52460 modulation by host of nutrient release from symbiont P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the release of nutrients from a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52462 modulation by host of symbiont phagocytosis P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis, the engulfing by phagocytes of external particulate material, in the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52469 modulation by organism of salicylic acid levels in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The alteration by an organism of the levels of salicylic acid in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52470 modulation by host of symbiont signal transduction pathway P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont signal transduction pathways, the cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52472 modulation by host of symbiont transcription P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont's transcription.
52482 defense response by cell wall thickening P A type of cell wall modification, in which the cell wall is reinforced and made thicker, that occurs as part of the defense response of an organism.
52483 negative regulation by organism of entry into cell of other organism via phagocytosis involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism stops or prevents itself undergoing phagocytosis into a cell in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52489 negative regulation by host of symbiont programmed cell death P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52490 negative regulation by organism of programmed cell death in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52492 negative regulation by host of symbiont signal transduction pathway P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont signal transduction pathways, the cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52493 negative regulation by organism of signal transduction in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the second organism signal transduction pathways, the cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52494 occlusion by host of symbiont vascular system P The process in which an organism reduces the flow of fluid within its symbiont's vascular system, the vessels and tissue that carry or circulate fluids, such as blood, lymph or sap, through the body of an animal or plant. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52495 occlusion by organism of vascular system in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The process in which an organism reduces the flow of fluid within its second organism's vascular system, the vessels and tissue that carry or circulate fluids, such as blood, lymph or sap, through the body of an animal or plant, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52496 occlusion by host of symbiont xylem P The process in which an organism reduces the flow of fluid within the symbiont xylem, the tissue in plants that carries water and nutrients up from the roots to the shoot and leaves. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52497 occlusion by organism of xylem in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The process in which an organism reduces the flow of fluid within the xylem, the tissue in plants that carries water and nutrients up from the roots to the shoot and leaves, of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52501 positive regulation by organism of apoptotic process in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death by apoptosis in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52502 positive regulation by host of defense-related symbiont MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathways during the symbiont defense response. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52509 positive regulation by symbiont of host defense response P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52510 positive regulation by organism of defense response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52513 positive regulation by organism of hormone or growth regulator levels in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P The increase by an organism of the levels of hormones or growth regulators in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52519 positive regulation by host of nutrient release from symbiont P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the release of nutrients from a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52520 positive regulation by organism of nutrient release from other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the release of nutrients from a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52521 positive regulation by host of symbiont phagocytosis P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis, the engulfing by phagocytes of external particulate material, in the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52522 positive regulation by organism of phagocytosis in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis, the engulfing by phagocytes of external particulate material, in the second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52525 positive regulation by host of symbiont signal transduction pathway P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont signal transduction pathways, the cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52526 positive regulation by organism of signal transduction in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the second organism signal transduction pathways, the cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52527 positive regulation by symbiont of host resistance gene-dependent defense response P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the resistance gene-dependent defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52532 positive regulation by organism of induced systemic resistance in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of induced systemic resistance, a response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease and that does not depend upon salicylic acid signaling, in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52533 positive regulation by symbiont of host induced systemic resistance P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of induced systemic resistance in the host organism; induced systemic resistance is a response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease and that does not depend upon salicylic acid signaling. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52535 positive regulation by organism of systemic acquired resistance in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of systemic acquired resistance organism; systemic acquired resistance is a salicylic acid-mediated response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance, in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52537 positive regulation by symbiont of host systemic acquired resistance P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of systemic acquired resistance in the host organism; systemic acquired resistance is a salicylic acid-mediated response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52538 positive regulation by organism of defense-related cell wall thickening in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the thickening of cell walls that occurs as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52539 positive regulation by symbiont of defense-related host cell wall thickening P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a host process resulting in the thickening of its cell walls, occurring as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52541 plant-type cell wall cellulose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation, as part of the organization and biogenesis of the cell wall.
52542 defense response by callose deposition P Any process in which callose is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location during the defense response. Callose is a linear 1,3-beta-d-glucan formed from UDP-glucose and is found in certain plant cell walls.
52543 callose deposition in cell wall P Any process in which callose is transported to, and/or maintained in, the cell wall. Callose is a linear 1,3-beta-d-glucan formed from UDP-glucose and is found in certain plant cell walls.
52544 defense response by callose deposition in cell wall P Any process in which callose is transported to, and/or maintained in, the cell wall during the defense response. Callose is a linear 1,3-beta-d-glucan formed from UDP-glucose and is found in certain plant cell walls.
52545 callose localization P Any process in which callose is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. Callose is a linear 1,3-beta-d-glucan formed from UDP-glucose and is found in certain plant cell walls.
52546 cell wall pectin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving pectin, a polymer containing a backbone of alpha-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid residues, as part of the organization and biogenesis of the cell wall.
52547 regulation of peptidase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peptidase activity, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins.
52548 regulation of endopeptidase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endopeptidase activity, the endohydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins.
52549 response to phytoalexin production by other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of phytoalexins produced as a defense response by a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52550 response to defense-related reactive oxygen species production by other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of reactive oxygen species produced as a defense response by a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52551 response to defense-related nitric oxide production by other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of nitric oxide produced as a defense response by a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52552 modulation by organism of immune response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. The immune response is any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat.
52553 modulation by symbiont of host immune response P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response of the host organism; the immune response is any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52555 positive regulation by organism of immune response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. The immune response is any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat.
52556 positive regulation by symbiont of host immune response P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response of the host organism; the immune response is any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52558 induction by organism of immune response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism activates the immune response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. The immune response is any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat.
52559 induction by symbiont of host immune response P Any process in which an organism activates the immune response of the host organism; the immune response is any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52561 negative regulation by organism of immune response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. The immune response is any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat.
52562 negative regulation by symbiont of host immune response P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response of the host organism; the immune response is any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52564 response to immune response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting the immune response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
52565 response to defense-related host nitric oxide production P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of nitric oxide produced as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52566 response to host phytoalexin production P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of phytoalexins produced as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52567 response to defense-related host reactive oxygen species production P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of reactive oxygen species produced as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52572 response to host immune response P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting the immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
52573 UDP-D-galactose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-D-galactose, a substance composed of D-galactose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.
52574 UDP-D-galactose biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-D-galactose, a substance composed of D-galactose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.
52575 carbohydrate localization P Any process in which a carbohydrate is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. Carbohydrates are any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y.
52576 carbohydrate storage P The accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y.
52577 germacrene-D synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = (-)-germacrene D + diphosphate.
52578 alpha-farnesene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = (E,E)-alpha-farnesene + diphosphate.
52579 (+)-pulegone reductase, (+)-isomenthone as substrate, activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-isomenthone + NADP+ = (+)-pulegone + NADPH + H+.
52580 (+)-pulegone reductase, (-)-menthone as substrate, activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-menthone + NADP+ = (+)-pulegone + NADPH + H+.
52581 (-)-isopiperitenone reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (6R)-isoperitenone + H(+) + NADPH = (2R,5R)-isopulegone + NADP(+).
52582 (+)-menthofuran synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-pulegone + H(+) + NADPH + O(2) = (R)-menthofuran + 2 H(2)O + NADP(+).
52583 oxidoreductase activity, acting on halogen in donors F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction in which a halogen in the donor substance acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.
52584 oxidoreductase activity, acting on halogen in donors, with NAD or NADP as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction in which a halogen in the donor substance acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP.
52585 oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors, with a quinone or similar compound as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a quinone or similar compound.
52586 oxidoreductase activity, acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors, with a quinone or similar compound as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a nitrogenous group, excluding NH and NH2 groups, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a quinone or similar compound.
52587 diacetyl reductase ((R)-acetoin forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-acetoin + NAD(+) = diacetyl + H(+) + NADH.
52588 diacetyl reductase ((S)-acetoin forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-acetoin + NAD(+) = diacetyl + H(+) + NADH.
52589 malate dehydrogenase (menaquinone) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-malate + a menaquinone = oxaloacetate + a menaquinol.
52590 sn-glycerol-3-phosphate:ubiquinone oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + a ubiquinone = glycerone phosphate + a ubiquinol.
52591 sn-glycerol-3-phosphate:ubiquinone-8 oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + ubiquinone-8 = glycerone phosphate + ubiquinol-8.
52592 oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH or CH2 groups, with an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an iron-sulfur protein.
52593 tryptamine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: tryptamine + H2O + O2 = NH3 + indole acetaldehyde + hydrogen peroxide + H+.
52594 aminoacetone:oxygen oxidoreductase(deaminating) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: aminoacetone + H2O + O2 = methylglyoxal + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide + H+.
52595 aliphatic-amine oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an aliphatic amine + H2O + O2 = an aldehyde + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide + H+.
52596 phenethylamine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phenylethylamine + O2 + H2O = phenylacetaldehyde + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide + H+.
52597 diamine oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a diamine + H2O + O2 = a monoamine + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide.
52598 histamine oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: histamine + H2O + O2 = imidazole-4-acetaldehyde + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide + H+.
52599 methylputrescine oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-methylputrescine + H2O + O2 = N-methylaminobutanal + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide + H+.
52600 propane-1,3-diamine oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: propane-1,3-diamine + H2O + O2 = 3-aminopropanal + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide + H+.
52601 (S)-limonene 1,2-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (4S)-limonene + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = NAD(P)+ + H2O + (4S)-limonene-1,2-epoxide.
52602 4-chloronitrobenzene nitroreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-chloronitrobenzene + NADPH + H+ = 1-chloro-4-nitrosobenzene + NADP+ + H2O.
52603 1-chloro-4-nitrosobenzene nitroreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-chloro-4-nitrosobenzene + NADPH + H+ = 1-chloro-4-hydroxylaminobenzene + NADP+ + H2O.
52604 delta-tocopherol cyclase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone = delta-tocopherol.
52605 gamma-tocopherol cyclase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dimethyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone = gamma-tocopherol.
52606 chlorophyllide a oxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: chlorophyllide a + NADPH + O2 + 2 H+ = 7-hydroxychlorophyllide a + NADP+ + H2O.
52607 7-hydroxy-chlorophyllide a oxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 7-hydroxychlorophyllide a + NADPH + O2 + H+ = chlorophyllide b + NADP+ + 2 H2O.
52608 echinenone 3-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: echinenone + a reduced electron acceptor + oxygen = 3-hydroxyechinenone + an oxidized electron acceptor + H2O.
52609 4-ketotorulene 3-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-ketotorulene + a reduced electron acceptor + oxygen = 3-hydroxy-4-ketotorulene + an oxidized electron acceptor + H2O.
52610 beta-cryptoxanthin hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: beta-cryptoxanthin + a reduced electron acceptor + oxygen = zeaxanthin + an oxidized electron acceptor + H2O.
52611 beta-carotene 3-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: beta-carotene + a reduced electron acceptor + oxygen = beta-cryptoxanthin + an oxidized electron acceptor + H2O.
52612 adonirubin 3-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: adonirubin + a reduced electron acceptor + oxygen = 3S,3'S-astaxanthin + an oxidized electron acceptor + H2O.
52613 canthaxanthin 3-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: canthaxanthin + a reduced electron acceptor + oxygen = adonirubin + an oxidized electron acceptor + H2O.
52614 uracil oxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: uracil + NADH + O2 + H+ = ureidoacrylate peracid + NAD+. Ureidoacrylate peracid is spontaneously reduced by NADH to form ureidoacrylate.
52615 ent-kaurene oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + ent-kaur-16-ene + oxygen = H2O + NADP+ + ent-kaur-16-en-19-ol.
52616 ent-kaur-16-en-19-ol oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + ent-kaur-16-en-19-ol + oxygen = 2 H2O + NADP+ + ent-kaur-16-en-19-al.
52617 ent-kaur-16-en-19-al oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + ent-kaur-16-en-19-al + oxygen = H2O + NADP+ + ent-kaurenoate.
52618 coenzyme F420-0:L-glutamate ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + L-glutamate + factor F420-0 = GDP + H+ + factor gamma-F420-1 + phosphate.
52619 coenzyme F420-1:gamma-L-glutamate ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + L-glutamate + factor gamma-F420-1 = GDP + H+ + factor gamma-F420-2 + phosphate.
52620 thymine dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + thymine + acceptor = 5-methyl-barbiturate + donor-H2.
52621 diguanylate cyclase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 GTP = cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate + 2 diphosphate + 2 H(+).
52622 ATP dimethylallyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: delta(2)-isopentenyl diphosphate + ATP = diphosphate + N6-(delta(2)-isopentenyl)adenosine 5'-triphosphate.
52623 ADP dimethylallyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: delta2-isopentenyl diphosphate + ADP = diphosphate + N6-(delta(2)-isopentenyl)adenosine 5'-diphosphate.
52624 2-phytyl-1,4-naphthoquinone methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: demethylphylloquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = phylloquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.
52625 4-aminobenzoate amino acid synthetase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobenzoate + ATP + amino acid = 4-aminobenzoyl amino acid conjugate + AMP + diphosphate.
52626 benzoate amino acid synthetase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: benzoate + ATP + amino acid = benzoyl amino acid conjugate + AMP + diphosphate.
52627 vanillate amino acid synthetase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: vanillate + ATP + amino acid = vanillate amino acid conjugate + AMP + diphosphate.
52628 4-hydroxybenzoate amino acid synthetase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybenzoate + ATP + amino acid = 4-hydroxybenzoyl amino acid conjugate + AMP + diphosphate.
52629 phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate 3-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate + H2O = a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 5-phosphate + phosphate + 2 H+.
52630 UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine diphosphorylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UTP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate = diphosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine.
52631 sphingolipid delta-8 desaturase activity F Catalysis of the formation of a double bond between C8 and C9 of the long chain base of a sphingolipid. For example, sphinganine (d18:0) = 8-sphingenine (d18:1delta8); phytosphinganine (t18:0) = 8-phytosphingenine (t18:1delta8); and 4-sphingenine (18:1delta4) = 4,8-sphingadienine (d18:2delta4,8).
52633 isocitrate hydro-lyase (cis-aconitate-forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cis-aconitate + H2O = isocitrate.
52634 C-19 gibberellin 2-beta-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a C-19 gibberellin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = a C-19 2-beta-hydroxygibberellin + succinate + CO2. C-19 gibberellin refers to a gibberellin with nineteen carbons.
52635 C-20 gibberellin 2-beta-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a C-20 gibberellin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = a C-20 2-beta-hydroxygibberellin + succinate + CO2. C-20 gibberellin refers to a gibberellin with twenty carbons.
52636 arabinosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of an arabinosyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
52637 delta 3-trans-hexadecenoic acid phosphatidylglycerol desaturase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:3-3-16:0-phosphatidylglycerol = 1-18:3-3-trans-16:1-phosphatidylglycerol + 2 H+. This reaction is the formation of a trans double bond between carbon 3 and carbon 4 (counting from the carboxyl end) of palmitic acid, which is specifically esterified to the sn-2 glyceryl carbon of phosphatidylglycerol.
52638 indole-3-butyrate beta-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-butyrate + UDP-D-glucose = indole-3-butyryl-beta-1-D-glucose + UDP.
52639 salicylic acid glucosyltransferase (ester-forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: salicylic acid + UDP-glucose = salicylic acid glucose ester + UDP.
52640 salicylic acid glucosyltransferase (glucoside-forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: salicylic acid + UDP-glucose = salicylic acid 2-O-glucoside + UDP.
52641 benzoic acid glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: benzoic acid + UDP-glucose = benzoic acid glucose ester + UDP.
52642 lysophosphatidic acid phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: lysophosphatidic acid + H2O = phosphate + monoacylglycerol.
52643 chlorophyllide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving chlorophyllides, any chlorophyll lacking the terpenoid side chain such as phytyl or farnesyl.
52644 chlorophyllide a metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving chlorophyllide a, a chlorophyll lacking the terpenoid side chain, which is the functional parent of chlorophyll a.
52645 F420-0 metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving F420-0 (5-O-{[(1S)-1-carboxyethoxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}-1-deoxy-1-(8-hydroxy-2,4-dioxo-2H-pyrimido[4,5-b]quinolin-10(4H)-yl)-D-ribitol), the fragment of coenzyme F420 remaining after formal hydrolytic removal of all of the glutamate residues.
52646 alditol phosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving alditol phosphates, any phosphorylated polyhydric alcohol derived from the acyclic form of a monosaccharide by reduction of its aldehyde or keto group to an alcoholic group.
52647 pentitol phosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentitol phosphates, any phosphorylated alditol with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.
52648 ribitol phosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving ribitol phosphates, any phosphorylated form of ribitol, the pentitol derived formally by reduction of the -CHO group of either D- or L-ribose.
52649 coenzyme gamma-F420-2 metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzyme gamma-F420-2 (F420-2; coenzyme F420; N-{N-[O-(7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin phospho)-(S)-lactyl]-gamma-L-glutamyl}-L-glutamate), the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of F420-0 with the amino group of L-gamma-glutamyl-L-glutamic acid.
52650 NADP-retinol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-retinol + NADP+ = all-trans-retinal + NADPH + H+.
52651 monoacylglycerol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monoacylglycerol, any ester of glycerol in which any one of its hydroxyl groups has been acylated with a fatty acid, the other being non-esterified.
52652 cyclic purine nucleotide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cyclic nucleotide, a nucleotide in which the phosphate group is in diester linkage to two positions on the sugar residue and the base is a purine.
52653 3',5'-cyclic diguanylic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3',5'-cyclic diguanylic acid, a cyclic purine dinucleotide in which the base groups are guanine.
52654 L-leucine transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-leucine = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-glutamatic acid.
52655 L-valine transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-valine = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid + L-glutamatic acid.
52656 L-isoleucine transaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-isoleucine = (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid + L-glutamic acid.
52657 guanine phosphoribosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GMP + diphosphate = guanine + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.
52658 inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate + phosphate.
52659 inositol-1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate + phosphate.
52660 R-lactaldehyde reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-propane-1,2-diol + NAD+ = (R)-lactaldehyde + NADH + H+.
52661 S-lactaldehyde reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-propane-1,2-diol + NAD+ = (S)-lactaldehyde + NADH + H+.
52662 zeaxanthin epoxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: zeaxanthin + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = antheraxanthin + NAD(P)+ + H2O.
52663 antheraxanthin epoxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: antheraxanthin + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = all-trans-violaxanthin + NAD(P)+ + H2O.
52664 nitroalkane oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: nitroalkane + H2O + O2 = an aldehyde or ketone + nitrite + H2O2.
52665 tRNA (uracil-2'-O-)-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing 2'-O-methyluracil.
52666 tRNA (cytosine-2'-O-)-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing 2'-O-methylcytosine.
52667 phosphomethylethanolamine N-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-methylethanolamine phosphate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = N,N-dimethylethanolamine phosphate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+).
52668 farnesol kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: farnesol + nucleoside triphosphate = farnesyl monophosphate + nucleoside diphosphate.
52669 CTP:2-trans,-6-trans-farnesol kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,-6-trans-farnesol + CTP = 2-trans,-6-trans-farnesyl monophosphate + CDP + H+.
52670 geraniol kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: geraniol + nucleoside triphosphate = geranyl monophosphate + nucleoside diphosphate.
52671 geranylgeraniol kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeraniol + nucleoside triphosphate = all-trans-geranyl-geranyl monophosphate + nucleoside diphosphate.
52672 CTP:geranylgeraniol kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeraniol + CTP = all-trans-geranyl-geranyl monophosphate + CDP.
52673 prenol kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: prenol + nucleoside triphosphate = prenyl phosphate + nucleoside diphosphate activity.
52674 ent-pimara-9(11),15-diene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ent-copalyl diphosphate = ent-pimara-9(11),15-diene + diphosphate.
52675 3-methylbutanol:NADP oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methylbutanol + NADP+ = 3-methylbutanal + NADPH + H+. 3-methylbutanal is also known as isovaleraldehyde.
52676 3-methylbutanol:NAD oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methylbutanol + NAD+ = 3-methylbutanal + NADH + H+. 3-methylbutanal is also known as isovaleraldehyde.
52677 D-arabinitol dehydrogenase, D-xylulose forming (NADP+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinitol + NADP+ = D-xylulose + NADPH + H+.
52678 levopimaradiene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-copalyl diphosphate = abieta-8(14),12-diene + diphosphate.
52679 terpentetriene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: terpentedienyl diphosphate = diphosphate + terpentetriene.
52680 epi-isozizaene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = (+)-epi-isozizaene + diphosphate.
52681 alpha-bisabolene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = (E,R)-alpha-bisabolene + diphosphate.
52682 epi-cedrol synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate + H2O = epi-cedrol + diphosphate.
52683 (Z)-gamma-bisabolene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = (Z)-gamma-bisabolene + diphosphate.
52684 L-serine hydro-lyase (adding indole, L-tryptophan-forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: indole + L-serine = L-tryptophan + H2O.
52685 perillic acid:CoA ligase (ADP-forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: perillic acid + CoA-SH + ATP = H2O + ADP + phosphate + perillyl-CoA.
52686 perillic acid:CoA ligase (AMP-forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: perillic acid + CoA-SH + ATP = H2O + AMP + diphosphate + perillyl-CoA.
52687 (3R)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoate:CoA ligase (ADP-forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoate + CoA-SH + ATP = H2O + ADP + phosphate + (3R)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoyl-CoA.
52688 (3R)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoate + CoA-SH + ATP = H2O + AMP + diphosphate + (3R)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoyl-CoA.
52689 carboxylic ester hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a carboxylic ester bond.
52690 trichloro-p-hydroquinone reductive dehalogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3,6-trichlorohydroquinone + 2 glutathione = 2,6-dichlorohydroquinone + glutathione disulfide + HCl.
52691 UDP-arabinopyranose mutase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-beta-L-arabinofuranose = UDP-beta-L-arabinopyranose.
52692 raffinose alpha-galactosidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: raffinose + H2O = alpha-D-galactose + sucrose.
52693 epoxyqueuosine reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: epoxyqueuosine in tRNA + reductant = queuosine in tRNA + oxidised reductant.
52694 jasmonoyl-isoleucine-12-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: jasmonoyl-isoleucine + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 12-hydroxy-jasmonoyl-isoleucine + NADP+ + H2O.
52695 cellular glucuronidation P The modification of an organic chemical by the conjugation of glucuronic acid. The substances resulting from glucuronidation are known as glucuronosides (or glucuronides) and are often much more water-soluble than the non-glucuronic acid-containing precursor.
52696 flavonoid glucuronidation P The modification of a flavonoid by the conjugation of glucuronic acid. The resultant flavonoid glucuronosides are often much more water-soluble than the precursor.
52697 xenobiotic glucuronidation P The modification of a xenobiotic substance by the conjugation of glucuronic acid. The resultant glucuronosides are often much more water-soluble than the xenobiotic precursor, enabling efficient excretion.
52698 ergothioneine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving ergothioneine, a naturally occurring metabolite of histidine with antioxidant properties.
52699 ergothioneine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ergothioneine, a naturally occurring metabolite of histidine with antioxidant properties.
52700 ergothioneine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ergothioneine, a naturally occurring metabolite of histidine with antioxidant properties.
52701 cellular modified histidine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds derived from histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid.
52702 cellular modified histidine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of compounds derived from histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid.
52703 cellular modified histidine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds derived from histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid.
52704 ergothioneine biosynthesis from histidine via N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine P The pathway resulting in the formation of ergothioneine from histidine. Histidine undergoes three methylations by a histidine-alpha-N-methyltransferase (EC:2.1.1.44) to form N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine (also known as hercynine or histidine betaine). N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine is modified by the ligation of gamma-glutamyl-cysteine and oxygen; this intermediate undergoes further modification by the removal of glutamate to produce hercynylcysteine sulfoxide. Finally, a beta-lyase acts on this compound, removing pyruvate, ammonia and oxygen to produce ergothioneine.
52705 methylhistidine N-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N-alpha-methyl-L-histidine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-alpha,N-alpha-dimethyl-L-histidine.
52706 histidine N-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + L-histidine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine.
52707 N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine biosynthesis from histidine P The pathway resulting in the formation of N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine from histidine. Histidine undergoes three methylations by a histidine-alpha-N-methyltransferase (EC:2.1.1.44) to form N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine (also known as hercynine or histidine betaine).
52708 N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine, also known as histidine betaine or hercynine, a trimethylated derivative of histidine.
52709 N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine, also known as histidine betaine or hercynine, a trimethylated derivative of histidine.
52710 N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine, also known as histidine betaine or hercynine, a trimethylated derivative of histidine.
52711 ergothioneine biosynthesis from N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine P The pathway resulting in the formation of ergothioneine from N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine (also known as hercynine or histidine betaine).
52712 inositol phosphosphingolipid phospholipase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: inositol phosphosphingolipid + H2O = sphingolipid + phosphorylinositol.
52713 inositol phosphorylceramide phospholipase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: inositol phosphorylceramide + H2O = C26-phytoceramide + phosphorylinositol.
52714 mannosyl-inositol phosphorylceramide phospholipase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: mannosyl-inositol phosphorylceramide + H2O = C26-phytoceramide + mannosylphosphorylinositol.
52715 mannosyl-diinositol phosphorylceramide phospholipase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: mannosyl-diinositol phosphorylceramide + H2O = C26-phytoceramide + mannosyldiphosphorylinositol.
52716 hydroquinone:oxygen oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4 hydroquinone + O2 = 4 benzosemiquinone + 4 H2O.
52717 tRNA-specific adenosine-34 deaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine-34 + H2O = inosine-34 + NH3, in a tRNA-Ala molecule.
52718 tRNA-specific adenosine-34 deaminase complex C A protein complex that possesses tRNA-specific adenosine-34 deaminase activity. In eukaryotes the complex is a heterodimer; the subunits are known as Tad2p and Tad3p in yeasts and Adat2 and Adat3 in human.
52719 apurinic/apyrimidinic endoribonuclease activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages immediately 5' to an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP; also called abasic) site within a ribonucleic acid molecule by creating internal breaks, generating a single-strand break with 5'-ribose phosphate and 3'-hydroxyl ends.
52720 apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages immediately 5' to an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP; also called abasic) site within a deoxyribonucleic acid molecule by creating internal breaks, generating a single-strand break with 5'-deoxyribose phosphate and 3'-hydroxyl ends.
52721 regulation of apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endodeoxyribonuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages immediately 5' to an AP (also called abasic) site within a deoxyribonucleic acid molecule by creating internal breaks, generating a single-strand break with 5'-deoxyribose phosphate and 3'-hydroxyl ends.
52722 fatty acid in-chain hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: fatty acid + O2 + 2 NADPH + H+ = fatty acid with in-chain hydroxy group + 2 NADP+ + H2O.
52723 inositol hexakisphosphate 1-kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate = ADP + 1-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (2,3,4,5,6)pentakisphosphate.
52724 inositol hexakisphosphate 3-kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate = ADP + 3-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,4,5,6)pentakisphosphate.
52725 inositol-1,3,4-trisphosphate 6-kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).
52726 inositol-1,3,4-trisphosphate 5-kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).
52727 capsanthin synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: antheraxanthin = capsanthin.
52728 capsorubin synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: violaxanthin = capsorubin.
52729 dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine.
52730 sarcosine N-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine.
52731 phosphocholine phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: choline phosphate + H2O = choline + phosphate.
52732 phosphoethanolamine phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: O-phosphoethanolamine + H2O = ethanolamine + phosphate.
52733 quinate 3-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: quinate + NADP+ = 3-dehydroquinate + NADPH + H+.
52734 shikimate 3-dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: shikimate + NAD+ = 3-dehydroshikimate + NADH + H+.
52735 tRNA (cytosine-3-)-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing 3-methylcytosine.
52736 beta-glucanase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of linkages in beta-D-glucans; beta-glucans are polysaccharides of D-glucose monomers linked by beta-glycosidic bonds.
52737 pyruvate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a ubiquinone + H2O + pyruvate = a ubiquinol + acetate + CO2.
52738 oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, with a quinone or similar compound as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an aldehyde or ketone (oxo) group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a quinone or similar compound.
52739 phosphatidylserine 1-acylhydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylserine + H2O = 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine + fatty acid.
52740 1-acyl-2-lysophosphatidylserine acylhydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-acyl-2-lysophosphatidylserine + H2O = sn-glycerol-phosphoserine + a carboxylate.
52741 (R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (4R)-limonene + H+ + NADPH + O2 = (1R,5S)-carveol + H2O + NADP+.
52742 phosphatidylinositol kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a phosphatidylinositol = ADP + a phosphatidylinositol phosphate.
52743 inositol tetrakisphosphate phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol trisphosphate + phosphate.
52744 phosphatidylinositol monophosphate phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylinositol monophosphate + H2O = phosphatidylinositol + phosphate.
52745 inositol phosphate phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: inositol phosphate(n) + H2O = inositol phosphate(n-1) + phosphate. This reaction is the removal of a phosphate group from an inositol phosphate.
52746 inositol phosphorylation P The process of introducing one or more phosphate groups into inositol. Inositol is the cyclic alcohol 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, which is widely distributed in nature and acts as a growth factor in animals and microorganisms.
52747 sinapyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: sinapaldehyde + NADPH + H+ = sinapyl-alcohol + NADP+.
52748 baicalin beta-D-glucuronidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: baicalin + H2O = baicalein + D-glucuronate.
52749 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (coenzyme F420) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-glucose 6-phosphate + coenzyme F420 + H+ = 6-O-phosphono-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + reduced coenzyme F420.
52750 reactive-black-5:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: reactive black 5 + hydrogen peroxide = oxidized reactive black 5 + 2 H2O.
52751 GDP-mannose hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-mannose + H2O = GMP + mannose-1-phosphate.
52752 reduced coenzyme F420:heterodisulfide oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: reduced coenzyme F420 + CoB-S-S-CoM = coenzyme F420 + CoM-SH + CoB-SH.
52753 propan-2-ol:coenzyme F420 oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: propan-2-ol + coenzyme F420 = acetone + reduced coenzyme F420.
52754 GTP:coenzyme F420 guanyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + factor gamma-F420-2 + H+ = coenzyme F390-G + diphosphate.
52755 reduced coenzyme F420:quinone oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: reduced coenzyme F420 + 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone = coenzyme F420 + reduced 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone. Reduced 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone is also known as 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-hydronaphthoquinone.
52756 chitobiose phosphorylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: chitobiose + phosphate = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate. This reaction is the phosphorolysis of chitobiose, (GlcNAc)2, a dimer of beta-(1->4) linked glucosamine units.
52757 chondroitin hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of hexosaminic linkages in chondroitin, a linear polymer structure composed of the repeating disaccharide unit [->4)-D-glucuronic acid-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-(1-], also written as [->4GlcUA1->3GalNAc1-].
52758 coenzyme F420-dependent 2,4,6-trinitrophenol reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,6-trinitrophenol + H- = 2,4,6-trinitrophenol hydride Meisenheimer complex. Coenzyme F420 supplies the hydride (H-) in the reaction.
52759 coenzyme F420-dependent 2,4,6-trinitrophenol hydride reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: trinitrophenol hydride Meisenheimer complex + H- = trinitrophenol dihydride Meisenheimer complex (aci form). Coenzyme F420 supplies the hydride (H-) in the reaction.
52760 coenzyme F420-dependent 2,4-dinitrophenol reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dinitrophenol + H- = 2,4-dinitrophenol hydride Meisenheimer complex. Coenzyme F420 supplies the hydride (H-) in the reaction.
52761 exo-1,4-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: [beta-(1->4)-D-glucosamine]n-[N-acetyl-D-glucosamine]m = D-glucosamine + [beta-(1->4)-D-glucosamine](n-1)-[N-acetyl-D-glucosamine]m. This reaction is the hydrolysis of chitosan or chitosan oligosaccharides to remove a D-glucosamine residue from the non-reducing termini; chitosan is a linear polysaccharide composed of randomly distributed beta-(1->4)-linked D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine units.
52762 gellan lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: gellan = n beta-D-4-deoxy-delta4,5-GlcAp-(1->4)-beta-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-L-Rhap-(1->3)-beta-D-Glcp. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyluronate bonds of gellan backbone, releasing tetrasaccharides containing a 4-deoxy-4,5-unsaturated D-glucopyranosyluronic acid at the non-reducing end; in the product, the abbreviations are D-glucose (Glc), D-glucuronic acid (GlcA), and L-rhamnose (Rha).
52763 ulvan lyase activity F Catalysis of the cleavage of a carbon-oxygen bond in ulvan, a carbohydrate composed of a repeating structure of [->4)-beta-D-GlcA-(1,4)-alpha-L-Rha 3S-(1->4)-alpha-L-IdoA-(1->4)-alpha-L-Rha 3S-(1-]n. Continued digest of ulvan with an enzyme that can catalyze this reaction results in ulvanobiouronic acid A 3-sulfate [->4)-beta-D-GlcpA-(1->4)-alpha-L-Rhap 3-sulfate-(1-]n with 4-deoxy-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranosiduronic acid at the non-reducing end.
52764 exo-oligoalginate lyase activity F Catalysis of the cleavage of glycosidic bonds through a beta-elimination reaction on alginate, a linear polysaccharide consisting of guluronate (G) and mannuronate (M) as the monomer constituents. An oligoalginate is a linear polymer of two, three or four units of (1->4)-alpha-L-guluronic acid and beta-D-mannuronic acid, releasing monosaccharides with 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl groups at their ends.
52765 reduced coenzyme F420 oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 reduced coenzyme F420 + O2 = 2 coenzyme F420 + 2 H2O.
52766 mannoside alpha-1,4-mannosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the alpha-(1->4) linkage of the terminal, non-reducing alpha-D-mannose residues in alpha-D-mannosides.
52767 mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,6-alpha-mannosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the alpha-(1->6) bonds of alpha-D-mannose residues in mannosyl-oligosaccharide.
52768 mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,3-alpha-mannosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the alpha-(1->3) bonds of alpha-D-mannose residues in mannosyl-oligosaccharide.
52769 beta-6-sulfate-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity F Catalysis of the glycosidic cleavage of the terminal 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside 6-sulfate (6-SO3-GlcNAc) residue from sulfomucin, a sulfated mucin derivative.
52770 coenzyme F390-A hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme F390-A = AMP + coenzyme F420.
52771 coenzyme F390-G hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme F390-G = GMP + coenzyme F420.
52772 brefeldin A esterase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of brefeldin A to produce brefeldin A acid. Brefeldin A is also known as gamma,4-dihydroxy-2-(6-hydroxy-1-heptenyl)-4-cyclopentanecrotonic acid lambda-lactone.
52773 diacetylchitobiose deacetylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N,N'-diacetylchitobiose (GlcNac2) + H2O = acetate + 2-acetamido-4-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-D-glucose (GlcN-GlcNAc).
52774 glucosyl-N-acetylglucosamine glucosaminidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glucosyl-N-acetylglucosamine + H2O = glucosamine + N-acetylglucosamine.
52775 endo-1,3-alpha-L-rhamnosidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: R1-L-rhamnose-(1->3)-alpha-L-rhamnose-R2 + H2O = R1-L-rhamnose + L-rhamnose-R2. This reaction is the hydrolysis of an alpha-(1->3) linkage between two rhamnose residues in a polysaccharide chain.
52776 diacetylchitobiose catabolic process to glucosamine and acetate P The pathway resulting in the breakdown of diacetylchitobiose into simpler products, including glucosamine and glucosamine. The catabolism proceeds by the deacetylation of diacetylchitobiose, producing acetate and GlcN-GlcNAc; the latter is cleaved to produce glucosamine (GlcN) and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). The N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) is then deacetylated to produce glucosamine (GlcN) and acetate.
52777 diacetylchitobiose catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of diacetylchitobiose into simpler products.
52778 diacetylchitobiose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving diacetylchitobiose, the N,N'-diacetylated derivative of chitobiose.
52779 amino disaccharide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving any amino disaccharide, a disaccharide having one or more substituted or unsubstituted amino groups in place of hydroxy groups at unspecified positions.
52780 chitobiose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving chitobioses, a family of compounds derived from chitin and based on the structure of D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-D-glucosamine.
52781 chitobiose catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any chitobiose, a family of compounds derived from chitin and based on the structure of D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-D-glucosamine.
52782 amino disaccharide catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any amino disaccharide, a disaccharide having one or more substituted or unsubstituted amino groups in place of hydroxy groups at unspecified positions.
52783 reuteran metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving reuteran, a soluble glucan polymer with mainly alpha-(1->4) glycosidic linkages and significant amounts of alpha-(1->6) and alpha-(1->4,6) glucosidic linkages.
52784 reuteran biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of reuteran, a soluble glucan polymer with mainly alpha-(1->4) glycosidic linkages and significant amounts of alpha-(1->6) and alpha-(1->4,6) glucosidic linkages.
52785 cellulose catabolism by endo-processive cellulases P The breakdown into simpler components of cellulose. Catabolism is initiated by endohydrolytic attacks on the cellulose chain, and the resulting pieces are further degraded by cellulase enzymes to produce smaller and smaller fragments.
52786 alpha-linked polysaccharide catabolism to maltotriose P The breakdown of large alpha-linked polysaccharides by hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages to yield maltotriose.
52787 alpha-linked polysaccharide catabolism to maltopentaose P The breakdown of large alpha-linked polysaccharides by hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages to yield maltopentaose.
52788 d-4,5 unsaturated beta-glucuronyl hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond in an unsaturated saccharide between the unsaturated glucuronyl residue at the nonreducing terminus and the saccharide linked to the residue.
52789 mannan 1,3-beta-mannosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->3)-beta-D-mannosidic linkages in mannans, releasing mannose.
52790 chitooligosaccharide deacetylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: chitooligosaccharide with N-acetylglucosamine at nonreducing terminal + H2O = chitooligosaccharide with glucosamine at nonreducing terminal + acetate. This reaction is the deacetylation of a chitooligosaccharide at the nonreducing N-acetylglucosamine residue; chitooligosaccharide are composed of (1->4)-linked D-glucosamine (GlcN) and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) in varying proportions.
52791 3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-2-nonulosonic acid hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (2-keto-3-deoxynononic acid)n + H2O = (2-keto-3-deoxynononic acid)n-1 + 2-keto-3-deoxynononic acid. This reaction is the hydrolysis of a 2-keto-3-deoxynononic acid residue from a poly-2-keto-3-deoxynononic acid chain.
52792 endo-xylogalacturonan hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of xylogalacturonate by cleavage of the alpha-(1,4)-linkage. Xylogalacturonate (XGA) is composed of a chain of alpha-(1,4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues with beta-D-xylose substituted at the O3 position.
52793 pectin acetylesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: pectin + H2O = pectate + acetate. This reaction is the hydrolysis of acetyl esters of pectin, producing pectate, partially esterified pectin.
52794 exo-alpha-(2->3)-sialidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-(2->3)-glycosidic linkages of terminal sialic residues in substrates.
52795 exo-alpha-(2->6)-sialidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-(2->6)-glycosidic linkages of terminal sialic residues in substrates.
52796 exo-alpha-(2->8)-sialidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-(2->8)-glycosidic linkages of terminal sialic residues in substrates.
52797 4-O-methyl-glucuronoyl methylesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: [X]-4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid + H2O = [X]-OH + methyl-D-glucuronic acid. This reaction is the hydrolysis of the ester linkage between 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid (MeGlcA) and an alcohol (-OH) group attached to a molecule, denoted here as [X].
52798 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of sialyl residues alpha-2,3-linked to a beta galactosyl residue on the donor to form an alpha-2,3 linkage to a terminal beta galactosyl residue on the acceptor.
52799 coenzyme F420-dependent bicyclic nitroimidazole catabolic process P The breakdown of a bicyclic nitroimidazole into simpler components in a process that requires coenzyme F420 and produces reactive nitrogen species. Hydride, from reduced coenzyme F420, is added to the bicyclic nitroimidazole, resulting in unstable substances that break down to form three stable products. The elimination of nitrous acid produces the corresponding des-nitroimidazole; hydrolysis produces a related compound; and further reduction creates an aromatic hydroxylamine metabolite that degrades further. These reactions release hyponitrous acid and nitrous acid, which is unstable and disproportionates into nitric oxide (NO) and other reactive nitrogen intermediates.
52800 bicyclic nitroimidazole catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a bicyclic nitroimidazole.
52801 bicyclic nitroimidazole metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving bicyclic nitroimidazoles, imidazole derivatives with two rings and a nitro group attached to one ring.
52802 nitroimidazole metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitroimidazoles, imidazole derivatives with a nitro group attached to one ring.
52803 imidazole-containing compound metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving imidazoles, five-membered organic heterocycle containing two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3, or any of its derivatives; compounds containing an imidazole skeleton.
52804 nitroimidazole catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nitroimidazoles, imidazole derivatives with a nitro group attached to one ring.
52805 imidazole-containing compound catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of imidazoles, five-membered organic heterocycle containing two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3, or any of its derivatives; compounds containing an imidazole skeleton.
52806 sulfite reductase (coenzyme F420) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: sulfite + 3 1,5-dihydrocoenzyme F420 = hydrogen sulfide + 3 H2O + 3 coenzyme F420. 1,5-dihydrocoenzyme F420 is also known as reduced coenzyme F420.
52807 aflatoxin reductase (coenzyme F420) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: aflatoxin + 1,5-dihydrocoenzyme F420 = aflatoxin with reduced furanocoumarin moiety + coenzyme F420. 1,5-dihydrocoenzyme F420 is also known as reduced coenzyme F420.
52808 reduced coenzyme F420:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + 1,5-dihydrocoenzyme F420 = NADPH + H+ + coenzyme F420. 1,5-dihydrocoenzyme F420 is also known as reduced coenzyme F420.
52809 acharan sulfate lyase activity F Catalysis of the cleavage of a carbon-oxygen bond in acharan sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan with a uniformly repeating disaccharide structure of alpha-D-N-acetylglucosaminyl-2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-iduronic acid.
52810 1-phosphatidylinositol-5-kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + ATP = a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 5-phosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).
52811 1-phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate 4-kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate + ATP = a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).
52812 phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate 5-kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate + ATP = a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).
52813 phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate = ADP + a phosphatidylinositol trisphosphate.
52814 medium-chain-aldehyde dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a medium-chain aldehyde + NAD+ = a medium-chain carboxylate + NADH + H+. Medium-chain aldehydes have a chain length of between 8 and 12 carbons.
52815 medium-chain acyl-CoA hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a medium-chain acyl-CoA = a medium-chain carboxylate + CoA. A medium chain is a chain of between eight and twelve carbons in length.
52816 long-chain acyl-CoA hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a long-chain acyl-CoA = a long-chain carboxylate + CoA. A long chain is a chain of greater than 12 carbons in length.
52817 very long chain acyl-CoA hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a very long chain acyl-CoA = a very long chain carboxylate + CoA. A very long chain has chain length greater than C18.
52818 heteroglycan 3-alpha-mannosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: heteroglycan + GDP-mannose = (1->3)-alpha-D-mannosylheteroglycan + GDP.
52819 heteroglycan 2-alpha-mannosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: heteroglycan + GDP-mannose = (1->2)-alpha-D-mannosylheteroglycan + GDP.
52820 DNA-1,N6-ethenoadenine N-glycosylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: DNA with 1-N6-ethenoadenine + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 1-N6-ethenoadenine. This reaction is the removal of 1,N6-ethenoadenine by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar.
52821 DNA-7-methyladenine glycosylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: DNA containing 7-methyladenine + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 7-methyladenine. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA 7-methyladenine and the deoxyribose sugar to remove the 7-methyladenine, leaving an abasic site.
52822 DNA-3-methylguanine glycosylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: DNA containing 3-methylguanine + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 3-methylguanine. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA 3-methylguanine and the deoxyribose sugar to remove the 3-methylguanine, leaving an abasic site.
52823 2-hydroxy-6-oxonona-2,4,7-trienedioate hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (2E,4Z,7E)-2-hydroxy-6-oxonona-2,4,7-trienedioate + H2O = (2E)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate + fumarate + H+.
52824 dolichyl-pyrophosphate Man7GlcNAc2 alpha-1,6-mannosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the addition of mannose to dolichyl-pyrophosphate Man7GlcNAc2 (also written as Man7GlcNAc2-PP-Dol) in alpha-(1->6) linkage, producing Man8GlcNAc2-PP-Dol.
52825 inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + H2O = inositol-3,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate + phosphate.
52826 inositol hexakisphosphate 2-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol hexakisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + phosphate.
52827 inositol pentakisphosphate phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol pentakisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate + phosphate.
52828 inositol-3,4-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate + phosphate.
52829 inositol-1,3,4-trisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate + phosphate.
52830 inositol-1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate 6-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: inositol-1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = inositol-1,3,4-trisphosphate + phosphate.
52831 inositol-1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: inositol-1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = inositol-3,4,6-trisphosphate + phosphate.
52832 inositol monophosphate 3-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol 3-phosphate + H2O = myo-inositol + phosphate.
52833 inositol monophosphate 4-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol 4-phosphate + H2O = myo-inositol + phosphate.
52834 inositol monophosphate phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol phosphate + H2O = myo-inositol + phosphate.
52835 inositol-3,4,6-trisphosphate 1-kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 3,4,6-trisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).
52836 inositol 5-diphosphate pentakisphosphate 5-kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + inositol 5-diphosphate pentakisphosphate = ADP + inositol 5-triphosphate pentakisphosphate.
52837 thiazole biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a thiazole, a five-membered heterocyclic ring structure containing a sulfur in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position.
52838 thiazole metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving thiazole, a five-membered heterocyclic ring structure containing a sulfur in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position.
52839 inositol diphosphate tetrakisphosphate kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + inositol diphosphate tetrakisphosphate = ADP + inositol bisdiphosphate trisphosphate.
52840 inositol diphosphate tetrakisphosphate diphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: inositol diphosphate tetrakisphosphate + H2O = inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + phosphate.
52841 inositol bisdiphosphate tetrakisphosphate diphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: inositol bisdiphosphate tetrakisphosphate + H2O = inositol diphosphate pentakisphosphate + phosphate.
52842 inositol diphosphate pentakisphosphate diphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: inositol diphosphate pentakisphosphate + H2O = inositol hexakisphosphate + phosphate.
52843 inositol-1-diphosphate-2,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate diphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: inositol 1-diphosphate 2,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + H2O = inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate + phosphate + 2 H+.
52844 inositol-3-diphosphate-1,2,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate diphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: inositol 3-diphosphate 1,2,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + H2O = inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate + phosphate + 2 H+.
52845 inositol-5-diphosphate-1,2,3,4,6-pentakisphosphate diphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: inositol 5-diphosphate 1,2,3,4,6-pentakisphosphate + H2O = inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate + phosphate + 2 H+.
52846 inositol-1,5-bisdiphosphate-2,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate 1-diphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,5-bisdiphosphoinositol-1D-myo-inositol 2,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 1-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,6-pentakisphosphate + phosphate + H+.
52847 inositol-1,5-bisdiphosphate-2,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate 5-diphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,5-bisdiphosphoinositol-1D-myo-inositol 2,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 1-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol 2,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + phosphate + H+.
52848 inositol-3,5-bisdiphosphate-2,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate 5-diphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3,5-bisdiphosphoinositol-1D-myo-inositol 2,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 3-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol 1,2,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + phosphate + H+.
52849 NADPH-dependent curcumin reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: curcumin + NADPH + H+ = dihydrocurcumin + NADP+.
52850 NADPH-dependent dihydrocurcumin reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dihydrocurcumin + NADPH+ + H+ = tetrahydrocurcumin + NADP+.
52851 ferric-chelate reductase (NADPH) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 Fe3+ + NADPH = 2 Fe2+ + H+ + NADP+.
52852 very-long-chain-(S)-2-hydroxy-acid oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: very-long-chain (S)-2-hydroxy-acid + O2 = very-long-chain 2-oxo acid + hydrogen peroxide. Very long chain refers to a chain length of greater than 18 carbons.
52853 long-chain-(S)-2-hydroxy-long-chain-acid oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: long-chain-(S)-2-hydroxy-acid + O2 = long-chain-2-oxo acid + hydrogen peroxide. Long chain refers to a chain length of 14 to 18 carbons.
52854 medium-chain-(S)-2-hydroxy-acid oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: medium-chain-(S)-2-hydroxy-acid + O2 = medium-chain-2-oxo acid + hydrogen peroxide. Medium chain refers to a chain length of between 8 and 12 carbons.
52855 ADP-dependent NAD(P)H-hydrate dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (6S)-6beta-hydroxy-1,4,5,6-tetrahydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide + ADP = AMP + 3 H(+) + NADH + phosphate.
52856 NADHX epimerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-NADHX = (S)-NADHX.
52857 NADPHX epimerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-NADPHX = (S)-NADPHX.
52858 peptidyl-lysine acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl phosphate + peptidyl-L-lysine = phosphate + peptidyl-N6-acetyl-L-lysine.
52859 glucan endo-1,4-beta-glucosidase activity F Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->4) linkages in (1->4)-beta-D-glucans.
52860 2'-deoxymugineic-acid 3-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxymugineic acid + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 3-epihydroxy-2'-deoxymugineic acid + succinate + CO2.
52861 glucan endo-1,3-beta-glucanase activity, C-3 substituted reducing group F Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->3)-linkages in beta-D-glucans when the glucose residue whose reducing group is involved in the linkage to be hydrolysed is itself substituted at C-3.
52862 glucan endo-1,4-beta-glucanase activity, C-3 substituted reducing group F Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-linkages in beta-D-glucans when the glucose residue whose reducing group is involved in the linkage to be hydrolysed is itself substituted at C-3.
52863 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate, the 5-phospho derivative of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose. 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate is an intermediate in the non-mevalonate pathway and a common precursor for isoprenoid, thiamin, and pyridoxol biosynthesis.
52864 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate, the 5-phospho derivative of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose. 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate is an intermediate in the non-mevalonate pathway and a common precursor for isoprenoid, thiamin, and pyridoxol biosynthesis.
52865 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate, the 5-phospho derivative of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose. 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate is an intermediate in the non-mevalonate pathway and a common precursor for isoprenoid, thiamin, and pyridoxol biosynthesis.
52866 phosphatidylinositol phosphate phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylinositol phosphate(n) + H2O = phosphatidylinositol phosphate(n-1) + phosphate. This reaction is the removal of a phosphate group from a phosphatidylinositol phosphate.
52867 phosphatidylinositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + H(2)O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate + phosphate.
52868 protein-lysine lysyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: protein-lysine + protein-lysine = protein N6-(lysyl)-L-lysine + protein. This reaction is the addition of lysine group from one protein to a lysine residue in a second protein, producing N6-(lysyl)-L-lysine.
52869 arachidonic acid omega-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: arachidonic acid + O2 + NADPH + H+ = 20-HETE + NADP+ + H2O. Arachidonic acid is also known as (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid, and 20-HETE is also known as (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-20-hydroxyicosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid.
52870 tocopherol omega-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: tocopherol + O2 + NADPH + H+ = 13'-hydroxy-tocopherol + NADP+ + H2O.
52871 alpha-tocopherol omega-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-tocopherol + O2 + NADPH + H+ = 13'-hydroxy-alpha-tocopherol + NADP+ + H2O.
52872 tocotrienol omega-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: tocotrienol + O2 + NADPH + H+ = 13'-hydroxy-tocotrienol + NADP+ + H2O.
52873 FMN reductase (NADPH) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: FMNH2 + NADP+ = FMN + NADPH + 2 H+.
52874 FMN reductase (NADH) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: FMNH2 + NAD+ = FMN + NADH + 2 H+.
52875 riboflavin reductase (NADH) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: reduced riboflavin + NAD+ = riboflavin + NADH + 2 H+.
52876 methylamine dehydrogenase (amicyanin) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: methylamine + H2O + amicyanin = formaldehyde + ammonia + reduced amicyanin.
52877 oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors, with a copper protein as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and a copper protein is the acceptor.
52878 linoleate 8R-lipoxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: O(2) + linoleate = (8R,9Z,12Z)-8-hydroperoxyoctadeca-9,12-dienoate.
52879 9,12-octadecadienoate 8-hydroperoxide 8S-isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (8R,9Z,12Z)-8-hydroperoxyoctadeca-9,12-dienoate = (7S,8S,9Z,12Z)-7,8-dihydroxyoctadeca-9,12-dienoate.
52880 oxidoreductase activity, acting on diphenols and related substances as donors, with copper protein as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a diphenol, or related compound, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a copper protein.
52881 4-hydroxyphenylacetate 3-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate + FADH(2) + O(2) = 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate + FAD + H(+) + H(2)O.
52882 oxidoreductase activity, acting on phosphorus or arsenic in donors, with a copper protein as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a phosphorus- or arsenic-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a copper protein.
52883 tyrosine ammonia-lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine = NH(4)(+) + trans-4-coumarate.
52884 all-trans-retinyl-palmitate hydrolase, 11-cis retinol forming activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + all-trans-retinyl palmitate = 11-cis-retinol + H(+) + palmitate.
52885 all-trans-retinyl-ester hydrolase, 11-cis retinol forming activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + all-trans-retinyl ester = 11-cis-retinol + fatty acid.
52886 9,9'-dicis-carotene:quinone oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 9,9'-di-cis-zeta-carotene + a quinone = 7,9,9'-tri-cis-neurosporene + a quinol.
52887 7,9,9'-tricis-neurosporene:quinone oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 7,9,9'-tri-cis-neurosporene + a quinone = 7,9,7',9'-tetra-cis-lycopene + a quinol.
52889 9,9'-di-cis-zeta-carotene desaturation to 7,9,7',9'-tetra-cis-lycopene P The series of reactions in which 9,9'-di-cis-zeta-carotene is desaturated to 7,9,9'-tri-cis-neurosporene, and then 7,9,7',9'-tetra-cis-lycopene. The overall reaction for this process is: 9,9'-di-cis-zeta-carotene + 2 quinone = 2 quinol + 7,9,7',9'-tetra-cis-lycopene.
52890 oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors, with a flavin as acceptor F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-CH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a flavin.
52891 aliphatic (S)-hydroxynitrile lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an aliphatic (S)-hydroxynitrile = an aliphatic aldehyde or ketone + cyanide.
52892 aromatic (S)-hydroxynitrile lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an aromatic (S)-hydroxynitrile = an aromatic aldehyde + cyanide.
52893 N1-acetylspermine:oxygen oxidoreductase (propane-1,3-diamine-forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N1-acetylspermine + oxygen + H2O = N-(3-acetamidopropyl)-4-aminobutanal + propane-1,3-diamine + hydrogen peroxide.
52894 norspermine:oxygen oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: norspermine + oxygen + H2O = norspermidine + 3-aminopropanal + hydrogen peroxide.
52895 N1-acetylspermine:oxygen oxidoreductase (N1-acetylspermidine-forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N1-acetylspermine + oxygen + H2O = N1-acetylspermidine + 3-aminopropanal + hydrogen peroxide.
52896 spermidine oxidase (propane-1,3-diamine-forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + O(2) + spermidine = 1,3-diaminopropane + 4-aminobutanal + H(2)O(2).
52897 N8-acetylspermidine:oxygen oxidoreductase (propane-1,3-diamine-forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + N(8)-acetylspermidine + O(2) = 1,3-diaminopropane + 4-acetamidobutanal + H(2)O(2).
52898 N1-acetylspermidine:oxygen oxidoreductase (propane-1,3-diamine-forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + N(1)-acetylspermidine + O(2) = 1,3-diaminopropane + 4-acetamidobutanal + H(2)O(2).
52899 N(1),N(12)-diacetylspermine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-acetamidopropanal-forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + N(1),N(12)-diacetylspermine + O(2) = 3-acetamidopropanal + H(2)O(2) + N(1)-acetylspermidine.
52900 spermine oxidase (propane-1,3-diamine-forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + O(2) + spermine = 1,3-diaminopropane + H(2)O(2) + N-(3-aminopropyl)-4-aminobutanal.
52901 spermine:oxygen oxidoreductase (spermidine-forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + O(2) + spermine = 3-aminopropanal + H(2)O(2) + spermidine.
52902 spermidine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-aminopropanal-forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + O(2) + spermidine = 3-aminopropanal + H(2)O(2) + putrescine.
52903 N1-acetylspermine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-acetamidopropanal-forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + N(1)-acetylspermine + O(2) = 3-acetamidopropanal + H(2)O(2) + spermidine.
52904 N1-acetylspermidine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-acetamidopropanal-forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + N(1)-acetylspermidine + O(2) = 3-acetamidopropanal + H(2)O(2) + putrescine.
52905 tRNA (guanine(9)-N(1))-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine(9) in tRNA = N(1)-methylguanine(9) in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
52906 tRNA (guanine(37)-N(1))-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine(37) in tRNA = N(1)-methylguanine(37) in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
52907 23S rRNA (adenine(1618)-N(6))-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine(1618) in 23S rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N(6)-methyladenine(1618) in 23S rRNA.
52908 16S rRNA (adenine(1518)-N(6)/adenine(1519)-N(6))-dimethyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine(1518)/adenine(1519) in 16S rRNA = 4 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N(6)-dimethyladenine(1518)/N(6)-dimethyladenine(1519) in 16S rRNA.
52909 18S rRNA (adenine(1779)-N(6)/adenine(1780)-N(6))-dimethyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine(1779)/adenine(1780) in 18S rRNA = 4 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N(6)-dimethyladenine(1779)/N(6)-dimethyladenine(1780) in 18S rRNA.
52910 23S rRNA (adenine(2085)-N(6))-dimethyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine(2085) in 23S rRNA = 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N(6)-dimethyladenine(2085) in 23S rRNA.
52911 23S rRNA (guanine(745)-N(1))-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine(745) in 23S rRNA = N(1)-methylguanine(745) in 23S rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
52912 23S rRNA (guanine(748)-N(1))-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine(748) in 23S rRNA = N(1)-methylguanine(748) in 23S rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
52913 16S rRNA (guanine(966)-N(2))-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanosine(966) in 16S rRNA = N(2)-methylguanosine(966) in 16S rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
52914 16S rRNA (guanine(1207)-N(2))-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanosine(1207) in 16S rRNA = N(2)-methylguanosine(1207) in 16S rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
52915 23S rRNA (guanine(2445)-N(2))-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanosine(2445) in 23S rRNA = N(2)-methylguanosine(2445) in 23S rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
52916 23S rRNA (guanine(1835)-N(2))-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanosine(1835) in 23S rRNA = N(2)-methylguanosine(1835) in 23S rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
52917 dol-P-Man:Man(7)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol alpha-1,6-mannosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + dolichyl D-mannosyl phosphate = H(+) + alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + dolichyl phosphate.
52918 dol-P-Man:Man(8)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol alpha-1,2-mannosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + dolichyl D-mannosyl phosphate = H(+) + alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + dolichyl phosphate.
52919 aliphatic (R)-hydroxynitrile lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an aliphatic (R)-hydroxynitrile = an aliphatic aldehyde or ketone + hydrogen cyanide.
52920 (2R)-2-hydroxy-2-methylbutanenitrile lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (2R)-2-hydroxy-2-methylbutanenitrile = butan-2-one + hydrogen cyanide.
52921 acetone-cyanohydrin acetone-lyase (cyanide-forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetone cyanohydrin = hydrogen cyanide + acetone.
52922 hexaprenyl diphosphate synthase (geranylgeranyl-diphosphate specific) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeranyl diphosphate + 2 isopentenyl diphosphate = 2 diphosphate + all-trans-hexaprenyl diphosphate.
52923 all-trans-nonaprenyl-diphosphate synthase (geranyl-diphosphate specific) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate + 7 isopentenyl diphosphate = 7 diphosphate + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate.
52924 all-trans-nonaprenyl-diphosphate synthase (geranylgeranyl-diphosphate specific) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeranyl diphosphate + 5 isopentenyl diphosphate = 5 diphosphate + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate.
52925 dol-P-Man:Man(5)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol alpha-1,3-mannosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an alpha-D-man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + dolichyl D-mannosyl phosphate = H(+) + alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + dolichyl phosphate.
52926 dol-P-Man:Man(6)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol alpha-1,2-mannosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + dolichyl D-mannosyl phosphate = H(+) + alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + dolichyl phosphate.
52927 CTP:tRNA cytidylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a tRNA precursor + CTP = a tRNA with a 3' cytidine end + diphosphate.
52928 CTP:3'-cytidine-tRNA cytidylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a tRNA with a 3' cytidine + CTP = a tRNA with a 3' CC end + diphosphate.
52929 ATP:3'-cytidine-cytidine-tRNA adenylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a tRNA with a 3' CC end + ATP = a tRNA with a 3' CCA end + diphosphate.
52930 methanol ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: methanol + 2 ferricytochrome c = formaldehyde + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+.
52931 ethanol cytochrome-c oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ethanol + 2 cytochrome c(L) = acetaldehyde + 2 reduced cytochrome c(L) + 2 H+.
52932 2-chloroethanol cytochrome-c oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-chloroethanol + 2 cytochrome c(L) = chloroacetaldehyde + 2 reduced cytochrome c(L).
52933 alcohol dehydrogenase (cytochrome c(L)) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: primary alcohol + 2 cytochrome c(L) = 2 reduced cytochrome c(L) + an aldehyde + 2 H+.
52934 alcohol dehydrogenase (cytochrome c) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: primary alcohol + 2 cytochrome c = 2 reduced cytochrome c + an aldehyde + 2 H+.
52935 ethanol:cytochrome c oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ethanol + 2 cytochrome c = 2 reduced cytochrome c + acetaldehyde.
52936 2-chloroethanol:cytochrome c oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-chloroethanol + 2 cytochrome c = chloroacetaldehyde + 2 reduced cytochrome c.
55001 muscle cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Muscle cell development does not include the steps involved in committing an unspecified cell to the muscle cell fate.
55002 striated muscle cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a striated muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Striated muscle cells contain fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and skeletal muscle are types of striated muscle.
55003 cardiac myofibril assembly P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiac myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac myofibril is a myofibril specific to cardiac muscle cells.
55004 atrial cardiac myofibril assembly P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the atrial cardiac myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac myofibril is a myofibril specific to cardiac muscle cells.
55005 ventricular cardiac myofibril assembly P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventricular cardiac myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac myofibril is a myofibril specific to cardiac muscle cells.
55006 cardiac cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. A cardiac cell is a cell that will form part of the cardiac organ of an individual.
55007 cardiac muscle cell differentiation P The process in which a cardiac muscle precursor cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac muscle cell. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction.
55008 cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac muscle tissue are generated and organized.
55009 atrial cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structure of cardiac atrium muscle is generated and organized.
55010 ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac ventricle muscle is generated and organized.
55011 atrial cardiac muscle cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac muscle cell in the atrium. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The atrium is the part of the heart that receives blood into the organ.
55012 ventricular cardiac muscle cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a ventricular cardiac muscle cell. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The ventricle is the part of the heart that pumps blood out of the organ.
55013 cardiac muscle cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state.
55014 atrial cardiac muscle cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an atrial cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The atrium is the part of the heart that receives blood into the organ.
55015 ventricular cardiac muscle cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a ventricular cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The ventricle is the part of the heart that pumps blood out of the organ.
55016 hypochord development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hypochord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The hypochord is a transient rod-like structure in the embryos of fish, lampreys and amphibians that is located immediately ventral to the notochord. The hypochord may play a role in positioning the dorsal aorta.
55017 cardiac muscle tissue growth P The increase in size or mass of a cardiac muscle, where the increase in size or mass has the specific outcome of the progression of the organism over time from one condition to another.
55018 regulation of cardiac muscle fiber development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle fiber development.
55019 negative regulation of cardiac muscle fiber development P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle fiber development.
55020 positive regulation of cardiac muscle fiber development P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle fiber development.
55021 regulation of cardiac muscle tissue growth P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle growth.
55022 negative regulation of cardiac muscle tissue growth P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle growth.
55023 positive regulation of cardiac muscle tissue growth P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle growth.
55024 regulation of cardiac muscle tissue development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle tissue development.
55025 positive regulation of cardiac muscle tissue development P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle tissue development.
55026 negative regulation of cardiac muscle tissue development P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle tissue development.
55028 cortical microtubule C Arrays of microtubules underlying and connected to the plasma membrane in the cortical cytosol.
55029 nuclear DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex C A protein complex, located in the nucleus, that possesses DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity.
55031 gamma-tubulin large complex, equatorial microtubule organizing center C A complex of gamma tubulin and associated proteins thought to be formed by multimerization of gamma-tubulin small complexes located at equatorial microtubule organizing centers.
55032 gamma-tubulin large complex, spindle pole body C A complex of gamma tubulin and associated proteins thought to be formed by multimerization of gamma-tubulin small complexes located in the spindle pole body.
55033 gamma-tubulin large complex, interphase microtubule organizing center C A complex of gamma tubulin and associated proteins thought to be formed by multimerization of gamma-tubulin small complexes located at interphase microtubule organizing centers.
55034 Bolwig's organ development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the Bolwig's organ over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The larval eye in Drosophila is a relatively simple sensory system composed of Bolwig's organs: two clusters, each composed of 12 photoreceptor cells from which axons extend in a single fascicle to the brain.
55035 plastid thylakoid membrane C The lipid bilayer membrane of any thylakoid within a plastid.
55036 virion membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a virion.
55037 recycling endosome C An organelle consisting of a network of tubules that functions in targeting molecules, such as receptors transporters and lipids, to the plasma membrane.
55038 recycling endosome membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a recycling endosome.
55039 trichocyst C A crystalline exocytotic organelle composed of small, acidic proteins existing primarily as disulphide-linked dimers. The trichocyst is an organelle that releases long filamentous proteins that capture predators in "nets" to slow them down when the cell is disturbed. The protein is nontoxic and shaped like a long, striated, fibrous shaft.
55040 periplasmic flagellum C Flagellar filaments located in the periplasmic space; characterized in spirochetes, in which they are essential for shape and motility. Composed of a core surrounded by two sheath layers, the flagella rotate to allow migration of the cell through viscous media, which would not be possible using external flagella.
55041 cyclopentanol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cyclopentanol + NAD(+) = cyclopentanone + H(+) + NADH.
55042 5-valerolactone hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-valerolactone + H2O = 5-hydroxyvalerate.
55043 5-oxovalerate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-oxovalerate + NADP+ + H2O = glutarate + NADPH + H+.
55044 symplast C The interconnected cell membranes and intracellular regions of a plant. The interconnections occur via the plasmodesmata.
55045 antipodal cell degeneration P The process in which the antipodal cells undergo programmed cell death.
55046 microgametogenesis P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pollen grain over time, from its formation as the microspore to the mature structure.
55047 generative cell mitosis P The process in which the generative cell divides by mitosis to form two haploid cells. These will subsequently differentiate into sperm cells.
55048 anastral spindle assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that serves to move duplicated chromosomes apart, in the absence of centrosomes. Formation is initiated by the nucleation of microtubules (MTs) in the vicinity of condensed chromatin. MTs then attach to and congress around the chromatin due to activity of microtubule motors. A bipolar spindle is formed by focusing of the terminal ends of the MT array into spindle poles by molecular motors and cross-linking proteins.
55049 astral spindle assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that serves to move duplicated chromosomes apart, in the presence of centrosomes.
55050 astral spindle assembly involved in male meiosis P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the astral spindle in male meiotic cells.
55051 ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex, integrated substrate binding C A complex for the transport of metabolites out of the cell, consisting of 4 domains: two ATP-binding domains and two membrane spanning domains. In some cases, all 4 domains are contained on 1 polypeptide, while in others one ATP-binding domain and one membrane spanning domain are together on one polypeptide in what is called a "half transporter". Two "half-transporters" come together to form a functional transporter. Transport of the substrate across the membrane is driven by the hydrolysis of ATP.
55052 ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex, substrate-binding subunit-containing C A complex for the transport of metabolites into the cell, consisting of 5 subunits: two ATP-binding subunits, two membrane spanning subunits, and one substrate-binding subunit. In organisms with two membranes, the substrate-binding protein moves freely in the periplasmic space and joins the other subunits only when bound with substrate. In organisms with only one membrane the substrate-binding protein is tethered to the cytoplasmic membrane and associated with the other subunits. Transport of the substrate across the membrane is driven by the hydrolysis of ATP.
55053 mannose:proton symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: mannose + H+ = mannose + H+.
55054 fructose:proton symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: fructose + H+ = fructose + H+.
55055 D-glucose:proton symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: D-glucose + H+ = D-glucose + H+. Symporter activity enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported together in the same direction in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy. D-glucose is the dextrorotatory D-enantiomer of glucose.
55056 D-glucose transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of the D-enantiomer of the hexose monosaccharide glucose from one side of the membrane to the other.
55057 neuroblast division P The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a neuroblast into daughter cells. A neuroblast is any cell that will divide and give rise to a neuron.
55058 symmetric neuroblast division P The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a neuroblast into two equi-potent daughter cells.
55059 asymmetric neuroblast division P The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a neuroblast into two daughter cells with different developmental potentials.
55060 asymmetric neuroblast division resulting in ganglion mother cell formation P Any process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a neuroblast into a neuroblast and a ganglion mother cell.
55062 phosphate ion homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of phosphate ions within an organism or cell.
55063 sulfate ion homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of sulfate ions within an organism or cell.
55064 chloride ion homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of chloride ions within an organism or cell.
55065 metal ion homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of metal ions within an organism or cell.
55067 monovalent inorganic cation homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of monovalent inorganic cations within an organism or cell.
55068 cobalt ion homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of cobalt ions within an organism or cell.
55069 zinc ion homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of zinc ions within an organism or cell.
55070 copper ion homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of copper ions within an organism or cell.
55071 manganese ion homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of manganese ions within an organism or cell.
55072 iron ion homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of iron ions within an organism or cell.
55073 cadmium ion homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of cadmium ions within an organism or cell.
55074 calcium ion homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within an organism or cell.
55075 potassium ion homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of potassium ions within an organism or cell.
55076 transition metal ion homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of transition metal ions within an organism or cell. A transition metal is an element whose atom has an incomplete d-subshell of extranuclear electrons, or which gives rise to a cation or cations with an incomplete d-subshell. Transition metals often have more than one valency state. Biologically relevant transition metals include vanadium, manganese, iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum and silver.
55077 gap junction hemi-channel activity F A wide pore channel activity that enables the transport of a solute across a membrane via a gap junction hemi-channel. Two gap junction hemi-channels coupled together form a complete gap junction.
55078 sodium ion homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of sodium ions within an organism or cell.
55079 aluminum ion homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of aluminum ions within an organism or cell.
55080 cation homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of cations within an organism or cell.
55081 anion homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of anions within an organism or cell.
55082 cellular chemical homeostasis P Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of a chemical at the level of the cell.
55083 monovalent inorganic anion homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of monovalent inorganic anions within an organism or cell.
55085 transmembrane transport P The process in which a solute is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other
55086 nucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic process P The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleobase-containing small molecule: a nucleobase, a nucleoside, or a nucleotide.
55087 Ski complex C A protein complex that regulates RNA degradation by the exosome complex. In Saccharomyces the complex has a heterotetrameric stoichiometry consisting of one copy each of Ski2p and Ski3 and two copies of Ski8p.
55088 lipid homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of lipid within an organism or cell.
55089 fatty acid homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of fatty acid within an organism or cell.
55090 acylglycerol homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of acylglycerol within an organism or cell.
55091 phospholipid homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of phospholipid within an organism or cell.
55092 sterol homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of sterol within an organism or cell.
55093 response to hyperoxia P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating increased oxygen tension.
55094 response to lipoprotein particle P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipoprotein particle stimulus.
55095 lipoprotein particle mediated signaling P A series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of a lipoprotein particle.
55096 low-density lipoprotein particle mediated signaling P A series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of low-density lipoprotein particle.
55097 high density lipoprotein particle mediated signaling P A series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of high density lipoprotein particle.
55098 response to low-density lipoprotein particle P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus.
55099 response to high density lipoprotein particle P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a high density lipoprotein particle stimulus.
55100 adiponectin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with adiponectin, a protein hormone produced by adipose tissue that modulates a number of metabolic processes, including glucose regulation and fatty acid catabolism.
55102 lipase inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a lipase, an enzyme that catalyzes of the hydrolysis of a lipid.
55103 ligase regulator activity F Modulates the activity of a ligase.
55104 ligase inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a ligase.
55105 ubiquitin-protein transferase inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a ubiquitin-protein transferase.
55106 ubiquitin-protein transferase regulator activity F Modulates the activity of a ubiquitin-protein transferase, an enzyme that catalyzes the covalent attachment of ubiquitin to lysine in a substrate protein.
55107 Golgi to secretory granule transport P The directed movement of proteins from the Golgi to a secretory granule. The secretory granule is a membrane-bounded particle, usually protein, formed in the granular endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex.
55108 Golgi to transport vesicle transport P The directed movement of proteins from the Golgi to a transport vesicle. Continuously secreted proteins are sorted into transport vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane, releasing their contents by exocytosis.
55109 invagination involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second P The infolding of the epithelial sheet into the embryo involved in deuterostomic gastrulation.
55110 involution involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second P The inturning of an epithelial sheet over the basal surface of an outer layer involved in deuterostomic gastrulation.
55111 ingression involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second P The migration of individual cells into the embryo involved in deuterostomic gastrulation.
55112 delamination involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second P The splitting or migration of one epithelial sheet into two involved in the process of deuterostomic gastrulation.
55113 epiboly involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second P The expansion of one cell sheet over other cells involved in deuterostomic gastrulation.
55114 oxidation-reduction process P A metabolic process that results in the removal or addition of one or more electrons to or from a substance, with or without the concomitant removal or addition of a proton or protons.
55115 entry into diapause P The dormancy process that results in entry into diapause. Diapause is a neurohormonally mediated, dynamic state of low metabolic activity. Associated characteristics of this form of dormancy include reduced morphogenesis, increased resistance to environmental extremes, and altered or reduced behavioral activity. Full expression develops in a species-specific manner, usually in response to a number of environmental stimuli that precede unfavorable conditions. Once diapause has begun, metabolic activity is suppressed even if conditions favorable for development prevail. Once initiated, only certain stimuli are capable of releasing the organism from this state, and this characteristic is essential in distinguishing diapause from hibernation.
55116 entry into reproductive diapause P The dormancy process that results in entry into reproductive diapause. Reproductive diapause is a form of diapause where the organism itself will remain fully active, including feeding and other routine activities, but the reproductive organs experience a tissue-specific reduction in metabolism, with characteristic triggering and releasing stimuli.
55117 regulation of cardiac muscle contraction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction.
55118 negative regulation of cardiac muscle contraction P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction.
55119 relaxation of cardiac muscle P The process in which the extent of cardiac muscle contraction is reduced.
55120 striated muscle dense body C A vinculin-containing myofibril attachment structure of striated muscle that connects sarcomeres to the extracellular matrix. In nematode body wall muscle, the dense body performs the dual role of Z-disk and costamere.
55121 response to high fluence blue light stimulus by blue high-fluence system P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the detection of a high fluence blue light stimulus by the blue high-fluence system. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm. The blue high-fluence system responds to blue light at levels between 100 and 1000 micromols/m2.
55122 response to very low light intensity stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a very low light intensity stimulus. A very low light intensity stimulus is defined as a level of electromagnetic radiation below 0.001 mmol/m2/sec.
55123 digestive system development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive system is the entire structure in which digestion takes place. Digestion is all of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by multicellular organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.
55127 vibrational conductance of sound to the inner ear P The transmission of vibrations via ossicles to the inner ear.
55129 L-proline biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-proline, an L-enantiomer of a chiral, cyclic, nonessential alpha-amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.
55130 D-alanine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-alanine, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid alanine.
55131 C3HC4-type RING finger domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a C3HC4-type zinc finger domain of a protein. The C3HC4-type zinc finger is a variant of RING finger, is a cysteine-rich domain of 40 to 60 residues that coordinates two zinc ions, and has the consensus sequence: C-X2-C-X(9-39)-C-X(1-3)-H-X(2-3)-C-X2-C-X(4-48)-C-X2-C, where X is any amino acid. Many proteins containing a C3HC4-type RING finger play a key role in the ubiquitination pathway.
60001 minus-end directed microfilament motor activity F Catalysis of movement along a microfilament towards the minus end, coupled to the hydrolysis of a nucleoside triphosphate (usually ATP). The minus end of an actin filament is the end that does not preferentially add actin monomers.
60002 plus-end directed microfilament motor activity F Catalysis of movement along a microfilament towards the plus end, coupled to the hydrolysis of a nucleoside triphosphate (usually ATP). The plus end of an actin filament is the end that preferentially adds actin monomers.
60003 copper ion export P The directed movement of copper ions out of a cell or organelle.
60004 reflex P An automatic response to a stimulus beginning with a nerve impulse from a receptor and ending with the action of an effector such as a gland or a muscle. Signaling never reaches a level of consciousness.
60005 vestibular reflex P A reflex process in which a response to an angular or linear acceleration stimulus begins with an afferent nerve impulse from a receptor in the inner ear and ends with the compensatory action of eye muscles. Signaling never reaches a level of consciousness.
60006 angular vestibuloocular reflex P A vestibular reflex by which a response to an angular acceleration stimulus begins with an afferent nerve impulse from a receptor in the semi-circular canal and ends with the compensatory action of eye muscles. Signaling never reaches a level of consciousness.
60007 linear vestibuloocular reflex P A vestibular reflex by which a response to a linear acceleration stimulus begins with an afferent nerve impulse from a receptor in the otolith and ends with the compensatory action of eye muscles. Signaling never reaches a level of consciousness.
60008 Sertoli cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a Sertoli cell. A Sertoli cell is a supporting cell projecting inward from the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules.
60009 Sertoli cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a Sertoli cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a Sertoli cell fate.
60010 Sertoli cell fate commitment P The process in which the cellular identity of Sertoli cells is acquired and determined.
60011 Sertoli cell proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of Sertoli cells, resulting in the expansion of the Sertoli cell population. A Sertoli cell is a supporting cell projecting inward from the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules.
60012 synaptic transmission, glycinergic P The process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glycine.
60013 righting reflex P A reflex process in which an animal immediately tries to turn over after being placed in a supine position.
60014 granulosa cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a granulosa cell, a supporting cell for the developing female gamete in the ovary of mammals.
60015 granulosa cell fate commitment P The cell fate commitment of precursor cells that will become granulosa cells.
60016 granulosa cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a granulosa cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a granulosa cell fate.
60017 parathyroid gland development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the parathyroid gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The parathyroid gland is an organ specialised for secretion of parathyroid hormone.
60018 astrocyte fate commitment P The commitment of a cells to a specific astrocyte fate and its restriction to develop only into an astrocyte.
60019 radial glial cell differentiation P The process in which neuroepithelial cells of the neural tube give rise to radial glial cells, specialized bipotential progenitors cells of the brain. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
60020 Bergmann glial cell differentiation P The process in which neuroepithelial cells of the neural tube give rise to Brgmann glial cells, specialized bipotential progenitors cells of the cerebellum. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
60021 palate development P The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the palate from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure. The palate is the partition that separates the nasal and oral cavities.
60022 hard palate development P The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hard palate from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. The hard palate is the anterior portion of the palate consisting of bone and mucous membranes.
60023 soft palate development P The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the soft palate from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. The soft palate is the posterior portion of the palate extending from the posterior edge of the hard palate.
60024 rhythmic synaptic transmission P Any process involved in the generation of rhythmic, synchronous synaptic inputs in a neural circuit.
60025 regulation of synaptic activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic activity, the controlled release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft and their subsequent detection by a postsynaptic cell.
60026 convergent extension P The morphogenetic process in which an epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis.
60027 convergent extension involved in gastrulation P The morphogenetic process in which an epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis usually resulting in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.
60028 convergent extension involved in axis elongation P The morphogenetic process in which an epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis contributing to the lengthening of the axis of an organism.
60029 convergent extension involved in organogenesis P The morphogenetic process in which an epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis contribution to the shaping of an organ.
60030 dorsal convergence P The directed migration of individual cells and small groups of cells toward the dorsal midline during gastrulation. This process does not require cell rearrangement.
60031 mediolateral intercalation P The interdigitation of cells along the mediolateral axis during gastrulation.
60032 notochord regression P The developmental process in which the stucture of the notochord is destroyed in an embryo.
60033 anatomical structure regression P The developmental process in which an anatomical stucture is destroyed as a part of its normal progression.
60034 notochord cell differentiation P The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features cells that make up the notochord. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a notochord cell fate.
60035 notochord cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a notochord cell over time, from its formation to its mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.
60036 notochord cell vacuolation P The assembly and arrangement of a vacuole within a cell of the notochord.
60037 pharyngeal system development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pharyngeal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pharyngeal system is a transient embryonic complex that is specific to vertebrates. It comprises the pharyngeal arches, bulges of tissues of mesoderm and neural crest derivation through which pass nerves and pharyngeal arch arteries. The arches are separated internally by pharyngeal pouches, evaginations of foregut endoderm, and externally by pharyngeal clefts, invaginations of surface ectoderm. The development of the system ends when the stucture it contributes to are forming: the thymus, thyroid, parathyroids, maxilla, mandible, aortic arch, cardiac outflow tract, external and middle ear.
60038 cardiac muscle cell proliferation P The expansion of a cardiac muscle cell population by cell division.
60039 pericardium development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pericardium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pericardium is a double-walled sac that contains the heart and the roots of the aorta, vena cava and the pulmonary artery.
60040 retinal bipolar neuron differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a bipolar cell, the last neuron to be generated in the retina.
60041 retina development in camera-type eye P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the retina over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The retina is the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates.
60042 retina morphogenesis in camera-type eye P The process in which the anatomical structure of the retina is generated and organized.
60043 regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell proliferation.
60044 negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell proliferation.
60045 positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell proliferation.
60046 regulation of acrosome reaction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the acrosome reaction.
60047 heart contraction P The multicellular organismal process in which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body.
60048 cardiac muscle contraction P Muscle contraction of cardiac muscle tissue.
60049 regulation of protein glycosylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein glycosylation. Protein glycosylation is the addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid, e.g. the addition of glycan chains to proteins.
60050 positive regulation of protein glycosylation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the glycosylation of one or more amino acid residues within a protein. Protein glycosylation is the addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid, e.g. the addition of glycan chains to proteins.
60051 negative regulation of protein glycosylation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the glycosylation of one or more amino acid residues within a protein. Protein glycosylation is the addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid, e.g. the addition of glycan chains to proteins.
60052 neurofilament cytoskeleton organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising neurofilaments and their associated proteins.
60053 neurofilament cytoskeleton C Intermediate filament cytoskeletal structure that is made up of neurofilaments. Neurofilaments are specialized intermediate filaments found in neurons.
60054 positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in wound healing P Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation, contributing to the restoration of integrity to a damaged tissue following an injury.
60055 angiogenesis involved in wound healing P Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury.
60056 mammary gland involution P The tissue remodeling that removes differentiated mammary epithelia during weaning.
60057 apoptotic process involved in mammary gland involution P Any apoptotic process that triggers the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle the mammary epithelial cells resulting in their programmed cell death.
60058 positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in mammary gland involution P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process of mammary epithelial cells during mammary gland involution.
60059 embryonic retina morphogenesis in camera-type eye P The process in which the anatomical structure of the retina is generated and organized in a camera-type eye during the embryonic life stage.
60060 post-embryonic retina morphogenesis in camera-type eye P The process in which the anatomical structure of the retina is generated and organized in a camera-type eye during the post-embryonic life stage.
60061 Spemann organizer formation P Formation of the specialized region on the dorsalmost side of the embryo that acts as the main signaling center establishing the vertebrate body plan.
60062 Spemann organizer formation at the dorsal lip of the blastopore P Formation of the specialized region at the dorsal lip of the blatopore of the embryo that acts as the main signaling center establishing the vertebrate body plan.
60063 Spemann organizer formation at the embryonic shield P Formation of the specialized region of the embryonic shield of the embryo that acts as the main signaling center establishing the teleost body plan.
60064 Spemann organizer formation at the anterior end of the primitive streak P Formation of the specialized region at the anterior end of the primitive streak of the embryo that acts as the main signaling center establishing the body plan.
60065 uterus development P The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of the uterus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
60066 oviduct development P The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oviduct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An oviduct is a tube through which an ova passes from the ovary to the uterus, or from the ovary to the outside of the organism.
60067 cervix development P The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cervix over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
60068 vagina development P The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vagina over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
60069 Wnt signaling pathway, regulating spindle positioning P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell and ending with the positioning of the mitotic spindle.
60070 canonical Wnt signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes.
60071 Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity.
60072 large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of potassium by a channel with a unit conductance of 100 to 220 picoSiemens that opens in response to stimulus by concerted actions of internal calcium ions and membrane potential. Large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels are less sensitive to calcium than are small or intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channels. Transport by a channel involves catalysis of facilitated diffusion of a solute (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel, without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.
60073 micturition P The regulation of body fluids process in which parasympathetic nerves stimulate the bladder wall muscle to contract and expel urine from the body.
60074 synapse maturation P The process that organizes a synapse so that it attains its fully functional state. Synaptic maturation plays a critical role in the establishment of effective synaptic connections in early development.
60075 regulation of resting membrane potential P Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a resting potential, the electrical charge across the plasma membrane, with the interior of the cell negative with respect to the exterior. The resting potential is the membrane potential of a cell that is not stimulated to be depolarized or hyperpolarized.
60076 excitatory synapse C A synapse in which an action potential in the presynaptic cell increases the probability of an action potential occurring in the postsynaptic cell.
60077 inhibitory synapse C A synapse in which an action potential in the presynaptic cell reduces the probability of an action potential occurring in the postsynaptic cell.
60078 regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential P Any process that modulates the potential difference across a post-synaptic membrane.
60079 excitatory postsynaptic potential P A process that leads to a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an EPSP is an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and makes it easier for the neuron to fire an action potential.
60080 inhibitory postsynaptic potential P A process that causes a temporary decrease in postsynaptic membrane potential due to the flow of negatively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an IPSP is an inhibitory postsynaptic current (IPSC) and makes it more difficult for the neuron to fire an action potential.
60081 membrane hyperpolarization P The process in which membrane potential increases with respect to its steady-state potential, usually from negative potential to a more negative potential. For example, during the repolarization phase of an action potential the membrane potential often becomes more negative or hyperpolarized before returning to the steady-state resting potential.
60082 eye blink reflex P The reflex process in which a mechanical stimulus applied to the eye elicits a response of the eyelid closing.
60083 smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition P The process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in the urinary bladder smooth muscle tissue involved in the expulsion urine from the body.
60084 synaptic transmission involved in micturition P The process of communication from a neuron to a smooth muscle in the bladder that contributes to the expulsion of urine from the body.
60085 smooth muscle relaxation of the bladder outlet P A process in which the extent of smooth muscle contraction is reduced in the bladder outlet that contributes to the expulsion of urine from the body.
60086 circadian temperature homeostasis P Any homeostatic process in which an organism modulates its internal body temperature at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.
60087 relaxation of vascular smooth muscle P A process in which the extent of vascular smooth muscle contraction is reduced. Vascular smooth muscle relaxation is mediated via a decrease in the phosphorylation state of myosin light chain. This can be achieved by removal of calcium from the cytoplasm to the sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen through the action of Ca2+ ATPases leading to a decrease myosin light chain kinase activity, and through calcium-independent pathways leading to a increase in myosin light chain phosphatase activity.
60088 auditory receptor cell stereocilium organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a stereocilium. A stereocilium is an actin-based protrusion from the apical surface of auditory hair cells.
60089 molecular transducer activity F The molecular function that accepts an input of one form and creates an output of a different form.
60090 binding, bridging F The binding activity of a molecule that brings together two or more molecules through a selective, non-covalent, often stoichiometric interaction, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way.
60091 kinocilium C A nonmotile primary cilium that is found at the apical surface of auditory receptor cells. The kinocilium is surrounded by actin-based stereocilia.
60092 regulation of synaptic transmission, glycinergic P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycinergic synaptic transmission. Glycinergic synaptic transmission is the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glycine.
60093 negative regulation of synaptic transmission, glycinergic P Any process that stops or decreases the frequency, rate or extent of glycinergic synaptic transmission. Glycinergic synaptic transmission is the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glycine.
60094 positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glycinergic P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycinergic synaptic transmission. Glycinergic synaptic transmission is the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glycine.
60095 zinc potentiation of synaptic transmission, glycinergic P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycinergic synaptic transmission in the presence of zinc. Glycinergic synaptic transmission is the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glycine.
60096 serotonin secretion, neurotransmission P The regulated release of serotonin by a cell, in which released serotonin acts as a neurotransmitter.
60097 cytoskeletal rearrangement involved in phagocytosis, engulfment P The assembly, arrangement, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures that is involved in the internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis.
60098 membrane reorganization involved in phagocytosis, engulfment P The assembly and arrangement of the plasma membrane that is involved in the internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis.
60099 regulation of phagocytosis, engulfment P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis.
60100 positive regulation of phagocytosis, engulfment P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis.
60101 negative regulation of phagocytosis, engulfment P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis.
60102 collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle extracellular matrix C A collagen and cuticulin-based noncellular, multilayered structure that is synthesized by an underlying ectodermal (hypodermal) cell layer. The cuticle serves essential functions in body morphology, locomotion, and environmental protection. An example of this component is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.
60103 collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle extracellular matrix part C Any constituent part of the collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle extracellular matrix, a collagen and cuticulin-based noncellular, multilayered structure that is synthesized by an underlying ectodermal (hypodermal) cell layer.
60104 surface coat of collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle extracellular matrix C An electron dense, amorphous envelope that comprises the outermost layer of the cuticle. The surface coat is loosely apposed to the epicuticle, has distinct biochemical properties, is synthesized by cells other than the underlying hypodermis, and is labile. In addition to serving as a lubricant to protect against abrasion and dehydration, the surface coat may also play important roles in infection and immune evasion. An example of this component is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.
60105 epicuticle of collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle extracellular matrix C A lipid-containing layer of cuticle that lies between the cortical layer and the surface coat. An example of this component is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.
60106 cortical layer of collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle extracellular matrix C The cuticle layer that lies directly beneath the lipid-containing epicuticle. The cortical layer contains collagens and insoluble, non-collagenous cuticulins and is characterized by a distinct annular pattern consisting of regularly spaced annular ridges delineated by annular furrows. An example of this component is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.
60107 annuli extracellular matrix C The extracellular matrix that is a regularly spaced circumferential ridge present in the cortical region of the cuticle. Annuli are delineated by annular furrows and are present throughout the cuticle with the exception of lateral regions where longitudinal alae are present.
60108 annular furrow extracellular matrix C The extracellular matrix part that is a regularly spaced indentation in the outer cortical layer of the cuticle. The pattern of annular furrows corresponds to sites of invaginations in hypodermal cell membranes that, in turn, correspond to submembranous regions where actin microfilament bundles assemble early in lethargus, the first phase of the molting cycle in which activity and feeding decline.
60109 medial layer of collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle extracellular matrix C The fluid-filled cuticle layer that lies between the cortical and basal layers and is characterized by the presence of regularly spaced columnar struts that lie on either side of the annular furrows and link the two surrounding layers. In C. elegans, a defined medial layer is found only in adult animals.
60110 basal layer of collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle extracellular matrix C The layer of cuticle most closely apposed to the hypodermal cells. The morphology of the basal layer varies with life stage. In adult C. elegans animals, the basal layers is comprised of three sublayers: two fibrous layers whose fibers run in clockwise and counter-clockwise directions meeting one another at a 60 degree angle, and an amorphous basal layer that lies underneath the fibrous layers and directly contacts the hypodermis. In C. elegans dauer and L1 larval stage animals, the basal layer is characterized by a striated pattern that appears to derive from interwoven laminae. An example of this component is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.
60111 alae of collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle extracellular matrix C Raised, thickened cuticular ridges that run longitudinally, and in parallel, along the left and right sides of the animal. The alae lie above the hypodermal cells known as the lateral seam cells. In C. elegans, alae are produced in L1 larvae, dauer larvae and adult stage animals, where they consist of three, five, and three ridges of distinct morphology, respectively.
60112 generation of ovulation cycle rhythm P The process which controls the timing of the type of sexual cycle seen in female mammals.
60113 inner ear receptor cell differentiation P The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of inner ear receptor cells. Inner ear receptor cells are mechanorecptors found in the inner ear responsible for transducing signals involved in balance and sensory perception of sound.
60114 vestibular receptor cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a vestibular hair cell.
60115 vestibular receptor cell fate commitment P The process in which a cell becomes committed to become a vestibular receptor cell.
60116 vestibular receptor cell morphogenesis P Any process that alters the size or shape of a vestibular receptor cell.
60117 auditory receptor cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an auditory receptor cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.
60118 vestibular receptor cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a vestibular receptor cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.
60119 inner ear receptor cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an inner ear receptor cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.
60120 inner ear receptor cell fate commitment P The process in which a cell becomes committed to become an inner ear receptor cell.
60121 vestibular receptor cell stereocilium organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a stereocilium. A stereocilium is an actin-based protrusion from the apical surface of vestibular hair cells.
60122 inner ear receptor stereocilium organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a stereocilium. A stereocilium is an actin-based protrusion from the apical surface of inner ear receptor cells.
60123 regulation of growth hormone secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of growth hormone from a cell.
60124 positive regulation of growth hormone secretion P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of growth hormone from a cell.
60125 negative regulation of growth hormone secretion P Any process that decreases or stops the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of growth hormone from a cell.
60126 somatotropin secreting cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a somatotropin secreting cell. A somatotropin secreting cell is an acidophilic cell of the anterior pituitary that produces growth hormone, somatotropin.
60127 prolactin secreting cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a prolactin secreting cell. A prolactin secreting cell is an acidophilic cell of the anterior pituitary that produces prolactin.
60128 corticotropin hormone secreting cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a corticotropic hormone secreting cell. An corticotropic hormone secreting cell is a basophil cell of the anterior pituitary that produces corticotropin.
60129 thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell. A thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell is a basophil cell of the anterior pituitary that produces thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyrotrophin.
60130 thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell is a basophil cell of the anterior pituitary that produces thyroid stimulating hormone, thyrotrophin.
60131 corticotropin hormone secreting cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a corticotropic hormone secreting cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An corticotropic hormone secreting cell is a basophil cell of the anterior pituitary that produces corticotropin.
60132 prolactin secreting cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a prolactin secreting cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A prolactin secreting cell is an acidophilic cell of the anterior pituitary that produces prolactin.
60133 somatotropin secreting cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a somatotropin secreting cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A somatotropin secreting cell is an acidophilic cell of the anterior pituitary that produces growth hormone, somatotropin.
60134 prepulse inhibition P The process in which a startle magnitude is reduced when the startling stimulus is preceded by a low-intensity prepulse.
60135 maternal process involved in female pregnancy P A reproductive process occurring in the mother that allows an embryo or fetus to develop within it.
60136 embryonic process involved in female pregnancy P A reproductive process occurring in the embryo or fetus that allows the embryo or fetus to develop within the mother.
60137 maternal process involved in parturition P A reproductive process occurring in the mother that results in birth.
60138 fetal process involved in parturition P A reproductive process occurring in the embryo that results in birth.
60139 positive regulation of apoptotic process by virus P Any viral process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.
60140 modulation by virus of syncytium formation via plasma membrane fusion P The formation in a cell that has been targeted by a virus of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells.
60141 positive regulation of syncytium formation by virus P The process in which a virus increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells.
60142 regulation of syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells.
60143 positive regulation of syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells.
60144 host cellular process involved in virus induced gene silencing P A cellular process occurring in the host cell that contributes to the process of posttranscriptional gene inactivation ('silencing') both of viral gene(s), and host gene(s) homologous to the viral genes.
60145 viral gene silencing in virus induced gene silencing P The posttranscriptional gene silencing of viral genes after viral infection.
60146 host gene silencing in virus induced gene silencing P The posttranscriptional gene silencing of host genes that are homologous to viral genes after viral infection.
60147 regulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the inactivation of gene expression by a posttranscriptional mechanism.
60148 positive regulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inactivation of gene expression by a posttranscriptional mechanism.
60149 negative regulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the inactivation of gene expression by a posttranscriptional mechanism.
60150 viral triggering of virus induced gene silencing P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inactivation of gene expression of both viral genes and host homologues to those genes by a posttranscriptional mechanism in a virally infected cell.
60151 peroxisome localization P Any process in which a peroxisome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. A peroxisome is a small membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules.
60152 microtubule-based peroxisome localization P The microtubule-based process in which a peroxisome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. A peroxisome is a small membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules.
60153 modulation by virus of host cell cycle P Any viral process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.
60154 cellular process regulating host cell cycle in response to virus P Any cellular process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle in response to a virus.
60155 platelet dense granule organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a platelet dense granule. A platelet dense granule is an electron-dense granule occurring in blood platelets that stores and secretes adenosine nucleotides and serotonin. They contain a highly condensed core consisting of serotonin, histamine, calcium, magnesium, ATP, ADP, pyrophosphate and membrane lysosomal proteins.
60156 milk ejection reflex P A reflex that occurs in response to suckling, beginning with a nerve impulse from a receptor in the mammary gland and ending with the ejection of milk from the gland. Signaling never reaches a level of consciousness.
60157 urinary bladder development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the urinary bladder over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The urinary bladder is an elastic, muscular sac situated in the anterior part of the pelvic cavity in which urine collects before excretion.
60158 phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and a subsequent release of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG).
60159 regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a dopamine receptor signaling pathway activity. A dopamine receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
60160 negative regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dopamine receptor protein signaling pathway activity. A dopamine receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
60161 positive regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the dopamine receptor protein signaling pathway. A dopamine receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
60162 negative regulation of phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the dopamine receptor, phospholipase C activating pathway.
60163 subpallium neuron fate commitment P The process in which in the subpallium, the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a neuron. The subpallium is the base region of the telencephalon.
60164 regulation of timing of neuron differentiation P The process controlling the activation and/or rate at which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires features of a neuron.
60165 regulation of timing of subpallium neuron differentiation P The process controlling the timing and/or rate at which a relatively unspecialized cell in the subpallium acquires features of a neuron. The subpallium is the base region of the telencephalon.
60166 olfactory pit development P The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the olfactory pit from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the olfactory pit, which is an indentation of the olfactory placode, and ends when the pits hollows out to form the nasopharynx.
60167 regulation of adenosine receptor signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the adenosine receptor signaling pathway. The adenosine receptor pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adenosine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
60168 positive regulation of adenosine receptor signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the adenosine receptor signaling pathway. The adenosine receptor pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adenosine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
60169 negative regulation of adenosine receptor signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the adenosine receptor signaling pathway. The adenosine receptor pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adenosine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
60170 ciliary membrane C The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a cilium.
60171 stereocilium membrane C The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a stereocilium.
60172 astral microtubule depolymerization P The removal of tubulin heterodimers from one or both ends of an astral microtubule. An astral microtubule is any of the spindle microtubules that radiate in all directions from the spindle poles and are thought to contribute to the forces that separate the poles and position them in relation to the rest of the cell.
60173 limb development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A limb is an appendage of an animal used for locomotion or grasping. Examples include legs, arms or some types of fin.
60174 limb bud formation P The process pertaining to the initial formation of a limb bud from unspecified parts. This process begins with the formation of a local condensation of mesenchyme cells within the prospective limb field, and ends when a limb bud is recognizable.
60175 brain-derived neurotrophic factor-activated receptor activity F Combining with a brain-derived neurotrophic factor and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.
60176 regulation of aggregation involved in sorocarp development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aggregation during sorocarp development. Aggregation involved in sorocarp development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the aggregate over time, from its formation to the point when a slug is formed. Aggregate development begins in response to starvation and continues by the chemoattractant-mediated movement of cells toward each other. The aggregate is a multicellular structure that gives rise to the slug.
60177 regulation of angiotensin metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving angiotensin.
60178 regulation of exocyst localization P Any process that modulates the localization of exocysts. An exocyst is a protein complex peripherally associated with the plasma membrane that determines where vesicles dock and fuse.
60179 male mating behavior P The specific behavior of a male organism that is associated with reproduction.
60180 female mating behavior P The specific behavior of a female organism that is associated with reproduction.
60182 apelin receptor activity F Combining with the peptide apelin to initiate a change in cell activity.
60183 apelin receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an apelin receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
60184 cell cycle switching P The process in which a cell switches cell cycle mode.
60185 outer ear unfolding P The opening and spreading out of the outer ear.
60186 outer ear emergence P The growth of the outer ear.
60187 cell pole C Either of two different areas at opposite ends of an axis of a cell.
60188 regulation of protein desumoylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein desumoylation. Protein desumoylation is the process in which a SUMO protein (small ubiquitin-related modifier) is cleaved from its target protein.
60189 positive regulation of protein desumoylation P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein desumoylation. Protein desumoylation is the process in which a SUMO protein (small ubiquitin-related modifier) is cleaved from its target protein.
60190 negative regulation of protein desumoylation P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of protein desumoylation. Protein desumoylation is the process in which a SUMO protein (small ubiquitin-related modifier) is cleaved from its target protein.
60191 regulation of lipase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipase activity, the hydrolysis of a lipid or phospholipid.
60192 negative regulation of lipase activity P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of lipase activity, the hydrolysis of a lipid or phospholipid.
60193 positive regulation of lipase activity P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of lipase activity, the hydrolysis of a lipid or phospholipid.
60194 regulation of antisense RNA transcription P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of antisense RNA, an RNA molecule complementary in sequence to another RNA or DNA molecule, which, by binding the latter, acts to inhibit its function and/or completion of synthesis, on a template of DNA.
60195 negative regulation of antisense RNA transcription P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of antisense RNA, an RNA molecule complementary in sequence to another RNA or DNA molecule, which, by binding the latter, acts to inhibit its function and/or completion of synthesis, on a template of DNA.
60196 positive regulation of antisense RNA transcription P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of antisense RNA, an RNA molecule complementary in sequence to another RNA or DNA molecule, which, by binding the latter, acts to inhibit its function and/or completion of synthesis, on a template of DNA.
60197 cloacal septation P The separation of the single opening of the digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts, the cloaca, into multiple isolated openings during development.
60198 clathrin-sculpted vesicle C A clathrin-sculpted lipid bilayer membrane-enclosed vesicle after clathrin release.
60199 clathrin-sculpted glutamate transport vesicle C A clathrin-sculpted lipid bilayer membrane-enclosed vesicle after clathrin release and containing glutamate.
60200 clathrin-sculpted acetylcholine transport vesicle C A clathrin-sculpted lipid bilayer membrane-enclosed vesicle after clathrin release and containing acetylcholine.
60201 clathrin-sculpted acetylcholine transport vesicle membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-sculpted acetylcholine transport vesicle.
60202 clathrin-sculpted acetylcholine transport vesicle lumen C The volume enclosed by the membrane of the clathrin-sculpted acetylcholine transport vesicle.
60203 clathrin-sculpted glutamate transport vesicle membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-sculpted glutamate transport vesicle.
60204 clathrin-sculpted glutamate transport vesicle lumen C The volume enclosed by the membrane of the clathrin-sculpted glutamate transport vesicle.
60205 cytoplasmic vesicle lumen C The volume enclosed by a cytoplasmic vesicle.
60206 estrous cycle phase P The progression of physiological phases, occurring in the endometrium during the estrous cycle that recur at regular intervals during the reproductive years. The estrous cycle is an ovulation cycle where the endometrium is resorbed if pregnancy does not occur.
60207 diestrus P The estrous cycle phase which is a period of sexual quiescence and represents the phase of the mature corpus luteum.
60208 proestrus P The estrous cycle phase in which there is heightened follicular activity.
60209 estrus P The estrous cycle phase in which a female is sexually receptive.
60210 metestrus P The estrous cycle phase in which there is subsiding follicular function.
60211 regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA poly(A) tail shortening P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of poly(A) tail shortening of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA. Poly(A) tail shortening is the decrease in length of the poly(A) tail of an mRNA from full length to an oligo(A) length.
60212 negative regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA poly(A) tail shortening P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of poly(A) tail shortening of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA. Poly(A) tail shortening is the decrease in length of the poly(A) tail of an mRNA from full length to an oligo(A) length.
60213 positive regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA poly(A) tail shortening P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of poly(A) tail shortening of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA. Poly(A) tail shortening is the decrease in length of the poly(A) tail of an mRNA from full length to an oligo(A) length.
60214 endocardium formation P Formation of the endocardium of the heart. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers.
60215 primitive hemopoiesis P A first transient wave of blood cell production that, in vertebrates, gives rise to erythrocytes (red blood cells) and myeloid cells.
60216 definitive hemopoiesis P A second wave of blood cell production that, in vertebrates, generates long-term hemopoietic stem cells that continously provide erythroid, myeloid and lymphoid lineages throughout adulthood.
60217 hemangioblast cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the characteristics of a mature hemangioblast. Hemangioblasts are the proposed common precursor of blood and endothelial lineages.
60218 hematopoietic stem cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hematopoietic stem cell. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.
60219 camera-type eye photoreceptor cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell in a camera-type eye.
60220 camera-type eye photoreceptor cell fate commitment P The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a photoreceptor cell in a camera-type eye.
60221 retinal rod cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a retinal rod cell.
60222 regulation of retinal cone cell fate commitment P Any process that modulates the process in which a cell becomes committed to a retinal cone cell fate. Retinal cone cell fate commitment is the process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a retinal cone cell.
60223 retinal rod cell fate commitment P The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a retinal rod cell. A retinal rod cell is one of the two photoreceptor subtypes in a camera-type eye.
60224 regulation of retinal rod cell fate commitment P Any process that modulates the process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a retinal rod cell. A retinal rod cell is one of the two photoreceptor subtypes in a camera-type eye.
60225 positive regulation of retinal rod cell fate commitment P Any process that increases the process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a retinal rod cell. A retinal rod cell is one of the two photoreceptor subtypes in a camera-type eye.
60226 negative regulation of retinal cone cell fate commitment P Any process that increases the process in which a cell becomes committed to a retinal cone cell fate. Retinal cone cell fate commitment is the process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a retinal cone cell.
60227 Notch signaling pathway involved in camera-type eye photoreceptor fate commitment P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell that contributes to the commitment of a precursor cell to a eye photoreceptor fate.
60228 phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase activator activity F Increases the activity of phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase, an enzyme that converts cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine (lecithins) to cholesteryl esters and lyso-phosphatidylcholines.
60229 lipase activator activity F Binds to and increases the activity of a lipase, an enzyme that catalyzes of the hydrolysis of a lipid.
60230 lipoprotein lipase activator activity F Binds to and increases the activity of a lipoprotein lipase, an enzyme that catalyzes of the hydrolysis of a lipid within a lipoprotein.
60231 mesenchymal to epithelial transition P A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity, forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell.
60232 delamination P The process of negative regulation of cell adhesion that results in a cell or sheet of cells splitting off from an existing epithelial sheet.
60233 oenocyte delamination P The negative regulation of cell adhesion process in which an oenocyte splits off of an existing epithelial sheet.
60234 neuroblast delamination P The negative regulation of cell adhesion process in which a neuroblast splits off of a neurectodermal sheet.
60235 lens induction in camera-type eye P Signaling at short range between the head ectoderm and the optic vesicle that results in the head ectoderm forming a lens.
60236 regulation of mitotic spindle organization P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the microtubule spindle during a mitotic cell cycle.
60237 regulation of fungal-type cell wall organization P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the fungal-type cell wall.
60238 regulation of signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of pheromone-dependent signal transduction during conjugation with cellular fusion, the series of molecular signals that bring about the relay, amplification or dampening of a signal generated in response to a cue, such as starvation or pheromone exposure, in organisms that undergo conjugation with cellular fusion.
60239 positive regulation of signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular signals that bring about the relay, amplification or dampening of a signal generated in response to a cue, such as starvation or pheromone exposure, in organisms that undergo conjugation with cellular fusion.
60240 negative regulation of signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular signals that bring about the relay, amplification or dampening of a signal generated in response to a cue, such as starvation or pheromone exposure, in organisms that undergo conjugation with cellular fusion.
60241 lysozyme inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a lysozyme, an enzyme that hydrolyses the beta- (1,4) glycosidic bond between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine in peptidoglycan.
60242 contact inhibition P The cellular process in which cells stop growing or dividing in response to increased cell density.
60243 negative regulation of cell growth involved in contact inhibition P The negative regulation of cell growth in response to increased cell density.
60244 negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in contact inhibition P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation in response to cell density.
60245 detection of cell density P The series of events in which information about the density of cells in a population is received and converted into a molecular signal.
60246 detection of cell density by contact stimulus P The series of events in which information about the density of cells in a population is received by direct cell-cell contact and is converted into a molecular signal.
60247 detection of cell density by secreted molecule P The series of events in which information about the density of cells in a population is received by the detection of a secreted molecule and is converted into a molecular signal.
60248 detection of cell density by contact stimulus involved in contact inhibition P The series of events in which information about the density of cells in a population is received by direct cell-cell contact and is converted into a molecular signal, resulting in the cessation of cell growth or proliferation.
60249 anatomical structure homeostasis P A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state within a defined anatomical structure of an organism, including control of cellular proliferation and death and control of metabolic function. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.
60250 germ-line stem-cell niche homeostasis P A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state within the germ-line stem-cell niche. This includes control of cellular proliferation and death and control of metabolic function that allows the niche to continue to function. A gem-line stem-cell niche is an anatomical structure that regulates how germ-line stem-cells are used and saves them from depletion.
60251 regulation of glial cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glial cell proliferation.
60252 positive regulation of glial cell proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of glial cell proliferation.
60253 negative regulation of glial cell proliferation P Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of glial cell proliferation.
60254 regulation of N-terminal protein palmitoylation P Any process that modulates the rate frequency or extent of the covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to the N-terminal amino acid residue of a protein.
60255 regulation of macromolecule metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
60256 regulation of flocculation P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the non-sexual aggregation of single-celled organisms.
60257 negative regulation of flocculation P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the non-sexual aggregation of single-celled organisms.
60258 negative regulation of filamentous growth P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which a multicellular organism or a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape.
60259 regulation of feeding behavior P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the behavior associated with the intake of food.
60260 regulation of transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a process involved in starting transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
60261 positive regulation of transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a process involved in starting transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
60262 negative regulation of N-terminal protein palmitoylation P Any process that decreases the rate frequency or extent of the covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to the N-terminal amino acid residue of a protein.
60263 regulation of respiratory burst P Any process that modulates the rate frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.
60264 regulation of respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases made as a defense response; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.
60265 positive regulation of respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases made as a defense response; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.
60266 negative regulation of respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases made as a defense response; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.
60267 positive regulation of respiratory burst P Any process that increases the rate frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.
60268 negative regulation of respiratory burst P Any process that decreases the rate frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.
60269 centripetally migrating follicle cell migration P The cell migration process in which a follicle cell migrates as part of an epithelial sheet between the nurse cells and the oocyte. At the end of migration, they cover the anterior of the oocyte.
60270 main body follicle cell migration P The ovarian follicle cell migration process in which follicle cells migrate posteriorly to form a columnar epithelium over the oocyte.
60271 cilium assembly P The assembly of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole.
60272 embryonic skeletal joint morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of skeletal joints are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. A skeletal joint is the connecting structure between the bones of the skeleton.
60273 crying behavior P The behavior in which an organism sheds tears, often accompanied by non-verbal vocalizations and in response to external or internal stimuli.
60274 maintenance of stationary phase P The homeostatic process in which a population of cells changes its metabolic activity resulting in the rate of death in the population equaling the rate of reproduction. Stationary phase can be in response to limited nutrients or a build-up of toxic substances in the environment.
60275 maintenance of stationary phase in response to starvation P The homeostatic process in which a population of cells changes its metabolic activity resulting in the rate of death in the population equaling the rate of reproduction in response to limited nutrients in the environment.
60276 maintenance of stationary phase in response to toxin P The homeostatic process in which a population of cells changes its metabolic activity resulting in the rate of death in the population equaling the rate of reproduction in response to a build-up of toxins in the environment.
60278 regulation of ovulation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ovulation, the release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary.
60279 positive regulation of ovulation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ovulation, the release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary.
60280 negative regulation of ovulation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ovulation, the release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary.
60281 regulation of oocyte development P Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
60282 positive regulation of oocyte development P Any process that increases the rate or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
60283 negative regulation of oocyte development P Any process that decreases the rate or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
60284 regulation of cell development P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.
60285 cilium-dependent cell motility P Cell motility due to the motion of one or more eukaryotic cilia. A eukaryotic cilium is a specialized organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole.
60287 epithelial cilium movement involved in determination of left/right asymmetry P The movement of cilia of epithelial cells resulting in the transport of signals which determine asymmetry in an organism's body plan with respect to the left and right halves.
60288 formation of a compartment boundary P Formation of a lineage restriction boundary within a developing tissue which does not correspond to some morphological barrier.
60289 compartment boundary maintenance P A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a compartment boundary. A compartment boundary is a lineage restriction boundary within a developing tissue which does not correspond to some morphological barrier.
60290 transdifferentiation P The conversion of a differentiated cell of one fate into a differentiated cell of another fate without first undergoing cell division or reversion to a more primitive or stem cell-like fate.
60291 long-term synaptic potentiation P A process that modulates synaptic plasticity such that synapses are changed resulting in the increase in the rate, or frequency of synaptic transmission at the synapse.
60292 long term synaptic depression P A process that modulates synaptic plasticity such that synapses are changed resulting in the decrease in the rate, or frequency of synaptic transmission at the synapse.
60293 germ plasm C Differentiated cytoplasm associated with a pole of an oocyte, egg or early embryo that will be inherited by the cells that will give rise to the germ line.
60294 cilium movement involved in cell motility P Movement of cilia mediated by motor proteins that contributes to the movement of a cell.
60295 regulation of cilium movement involved in cell motility P Any process that modulates the rate frequency or extent of cilium movement involved in ciliary motility.
60296 regulation of cilium beat frequency involved in ciliary motility P Any process that modulates the frequency of cilium beating involved in ciliary motility.
60297 regulation of sarcomere organization P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent myofibril assembly by organization of muscle actomyosin into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs.
60298 positive regulation of sarcomere organization P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent myofibril assembly by organization of muscle actomyosin into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs.
60299 negative regulation of sarcomere organization P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent myofibril assembly by organization of muscle actomyosin into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs.
60300 regulation of cytokine activity P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the activity of a molecule that controls the survival, growth, differentiation and effector function of tissues and cells.
60301 positive regulation of cytokine activity P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the activity of a molecule that controls the survival, growth, differentiation and effector function of tissues and cells.
60302 negative regulation of cytokine activity P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the activity of a molecule that controls the survival, growth, differentiation and effector function of tissues and cells.
60303 regulation of nucleosome density P Any process that modulates the number of nucleosomes in a given region of a chromosome.
60304 regulation of phosphatidylinositol dephosphorylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reaction involving the removal of one or more phosphate groups from a phosphatidylinositol.
60305 regulation of cell diameter P Any process that modulates the diameter of a cell, the length of a line segment that crosses through the center of a circular section through a cell.
60306 regulation of membrane repolarization P Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in the polarizing direction towards the resting potential, usually from positive to negative.
60307 regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization P Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in the polarizing direction towards the resting potential in a ventricular cardiomyocyte.
60308 GTP cyclohydrolase I regulator activity F Modulates the activity of GTP cyclohydrolase I. GTP cyclohydrolase I activity catalyzes the reaction: GTP + 2 H2O = formate + 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(erythro-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)-dihydropteridine triphosphate.
60309 elastin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of elastin. Elastin is a glycoprotein which is randomly coiled and crosslinked to form elastic fibers that are found in connective tissue.
60310 regulation of elastin catabolic process P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of elastin catabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of elastin.
60311 negative regulation of elastin catabolic process P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of elastin catabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of elastin.
60312 regulation of blood vessel remodeling P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of blood vessel remodeling, the reorganization or renovation of existing blood vessels.
60313 negative regulation of blood vessel remodeling P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of blood vessel remodeling, the reorganization or renovation of existing blood vessels.
60314 regulation of ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity P Any process that modulates the activity of a ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel. The ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel catalyzes the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when a ryanodine class ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
60315 negative regulation of ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity P Any process that decreases the activity of a ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel. The ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel catalyzes the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when a ryanodine class ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
60316 positive regulation of ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity P Any process that increases the activity of a ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel. The ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel catalyzes the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when a ryanodine class ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
60317 cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition P A transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.
60318 definitive erythrocyte differentiation P Erythrocyte differentiation which occurs as part of the process of definitive hemopoiesis.
60319 primitive erythrocyte differentiation P Erythrocyte differentiation which occurs as part of the process of primitive hemopoiesis.
60320 rejection of self pollen P The process, involving the sharing and interaction of the single locus incompatibility haplotypes, involved in the rejection of the self pollen by cells in the stigma.
60321 acceptance of pollen P The process, involving the sharing and interaction of the single locus incompatibility haplotypes, involved in the acceptance of pollen by cells in the stigma.
60322 head development P The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a head from an initial condition to its mature state. The head is the anterior-most division of the body.
60323 head morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the head are generated and organized. The head is the anterior-most division of the body.
60324 face development P The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a face from an initial condition to its mature state. The face is the ventral division of the head.
60325 face morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the face are generated and organized. The face is the ventral division of the head.
60326 cell chemotaxis P The directed movement of a motile cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).
60327 cytoplasmic actin-based contraction involved in cell motility P The actin filament-based movement by which cytoplasmic actin filaments slide past one another resulting in a contraction that propels the cell from one place to another.
60328 cytoplasmic actin-based contraction involved in forward cell motility P The actin filament-based movement by which cytoplasmic actin filaments slide past one another resulting in a contraction that propels the cell in the direction that has been defined as the front of the cell.
60329 cytoplasmic actin-based contraction involved in rearward cell motility P The actin filament-based movement by which cytoplasmic actin filaments slide past one another resulting in a contraction that propels the cell in the direction that has been defined as the rear of the cell.
60330 regulation of response to interferon-gamma P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a response to interferon-gamma. Response to interferon gamma is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-gamma stimulus.
60331 negative regulation of response to interferon-gamma P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a response to interferon-gamma. Response to interferon gamma is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-gamma stimulus.
60332 positive regulation of response to interferon-gamma P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a response to interferon-gamma. Response to interferon gamma is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-gamma stimulus.
60333 interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interferon-gamma to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Interferon gamma is the only member of the type II interferon found so far.
60334 regulation of interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of interferon-gamma binding to a cell surface receptor.
60335 positive regulation of interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of interferon-gamma binding to a cell surface receptor.
60336 negative regulation of interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of interferon-gamma binding to a cell surface receptor.
60337 type I interferon signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a type I interferon to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.
60338 regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway. A type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of a type I interferon binding to a cell surface receptor.
60339 negative regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway. A type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of a type I interferon binding to a cell surface receptor.
60340 positive regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway. A type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of a type I interferon binding to a cell surface receptor.
60341 regulation of cellular localization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in a specific location within or in the membrane of a cell.
60342 photoreceptor inner segment membrane C The membrane surrounding the inner segment of a vertebrate photoreceptor. The photoreceptor inner segment contains mitochondria, ribosomes and membranes where opsin molecules are assembled and passed to be part of the outer segment discs.
60343 trabecula formation P The process of creating a trabecula in an organ. A trabecula is a small, often microscopic, tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod, which generally has a mechanical function. Trabecula are usually but not necessarily, composed of dense collagenous tissue.
60344 liver trabecula formation P The process of creating a trabecula in the liver. A trabecula is a tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod.
60345 spleen trabecula formation P The process of creating a trabecula in the spleen. A trabecula is a tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod.
60346 bone trabecula formation P The process of creating a trabecula in the bone. A trabecula is a tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod.
60347 heart trabecula formation P The process of creating a trabecula in the heart. A trabecula is a tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod.
60348 bone development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of bone over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Bone is the hard skeletal connective tissue consisting of both mineral and cellular components.
60349 bone morphogenesis P The process in which bones are generated and organized.
60350 endochondral bone morphogenesis P The process in which bones are generated and organized as a result of the conversion of initial cartilaginous anlage into bone.
60351 cartilage development involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage that will provide a scaffold for mineralization of endochondral bones.
60352 cell adhesion molecule production P The appearance of a cell adhesion molecule due to biosynthesis or secretion.
60353 regulation of cell adhesion molecule production P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cell adhesion molecule production. Cell adhesion molecule production is the appearance of a cell adhesion molecule as a result of its biosynthesis or a decrease in its catabolism.
60354 negative regulation of cell adhesion molecule production P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of cell adhesion molecule production. Cell adhesion molecule production is the appearance of a cell adhesion molecule as a result of its biosynthesis or a decrease in its catabolism.
60355 positive regulation of cell adhesion molecule production P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of cell adhesion molecule production. Cell adhesion molecule production is the appearance of a cell adhesion molecule as a result of its biosynthesis or a decrease in its catabolism.
60356 leucine import P The directed movement of leucine into a cell or organelle.
60357 regulation of leucine import P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of leucine import. Leucine import is the directed movement of leucine into a cell or organelle.
60358 negative regulation of leucine import P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of leucine import. Leucine import is the directed movement of leucine into a cell or organelle.
60359 response to ammonium ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ammonium ion stimulus.
60360 negative regulation of leucine import in response to ammonium ion P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of leucine import as a result of an ammonium ion stimulus. Leucine import is the directed movement of leucine into a cell or organelle.
60361 flight P Self-propelled movement of an organism from one location to another through the air, usually by means of active wing movement.
60362 flight involved in flight behavior P Self-propelled movement of an organism from one location to another through the air that is part of the organism's response to external or internal stimuli resulting in flight.
60363 cranial suture morphogenesis P The process in which any suture between cranial bones is generated and organized.
60364 frontal suture morphogenesis P The process in which the frontal suture is generated and organized.
60365 coronal suture morphogenesis P The process in which the coronal suture is generated and organized.
60366 lambdoid suture morphogenesis P The process in which the lambdoid suture is generated and organized.
60367 sagittal suture morphogenesis P The process in which the sagittal suture is generated and organized.
60368 regulation of Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway. The Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway is a series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a the binding of the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin by an Fc receptor capable of activating or perpetuating an immune response. The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin is its C-terminal constant region.
60369 positive regulation of Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway. The Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway is a series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a the binding of the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin by an Fc receptor capable of activating or perpetuating an immune response. The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin is its C-terminal constant region.
60370 susceptibility to T cell mediated cytotoxicity P The process of causing a cell to become susceptible to T cell mediated cytotoxicity.
60371 regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell membrane depolarization P Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in the depolarizing direction away from the resting potential in an atrial cardiomyocyte.
60372 regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization P Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in the polarizing direction towards the resting potential in an atrial cardiomyocyte.
60373 regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane depolarization P Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in the depolarizing direction away from the resting potential in a ventricular cardiomyocyte.
60374 mast cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a mast cell. A mast cell is a cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation.
60375 regulation of mast cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of mast cell differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a mast cell. A mast cell is a cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation.
60376 positive regulation of mast cell differentiation P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of mast cell differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a mast cell. A mast cell is a cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation.
60377 negative regulation of mast cell differentiation P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of mast cell differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a mast cell. A mast cell is a cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation.
60378 regulation of brood size P Any process that modulates brood size. Brood size is the number of progeny that survive embryogenesis and are cared for at one time.
60379 cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac myoblast. A cardiac myoblast is a precursor cell that has been committed to a cardiac muscle cell fate but retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life.
60380 regulation of single-stranded telomeric DNA binding P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of binding to single-stranded telomeric DNA.
60381 positive regulation of single-stranded telomeric DNA binding P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of single-stranded telomeric DNA binding.
60382 regulation of DNA strand elongation P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of DNA strand elongation. DNA strand elongation is the DNA metabolic process in which a DNA strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 3' end of an existing DNA stand.
60383 positive regulation of DNA strand elongation P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of DNA strand elongation. DNA strand elongation is the DNA metabolic process in which a DNA strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 3' end of an existing DNA stand.
60384 innervation P The process in which a nerve invades a tissue and makes functional synaptic connection within the tissue.
60385 axonogenesis involved in innervation P The neurite development process that generates a long process of a neuron, as it invades a target tissue.
60386 synapse assembly involved in innervation P The assembly of a synapse within a target tissue in which a nerve is invading.
60387 fertilization envelope C A structure that lies outside the plasma membrane and surrounds the egg. The fertilization envelope forms from the vitelline membrane after fertilization as a result of cortical granule release.
60388 vitelline envelope C A glycoprotein-based structure that lies outside the plasma membrane and surrounds the egg before fertilization.
60389 pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation P The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a pathway restricted SMAD protein. A pathway restricted SMAD protein is an effector protein that acts directly downstream of the transforming growth factor family receptor.
60390 regulation of SMAD protein import into nucleus P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of SMAD protein import into the nucleus, i.e. the directed movement of a SMAD proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways.
60391 positive regulation of SMAD protein import into nucleus P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of SMAD protein import into the nucleus, i.e. the directed movement of a SMAD proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways.
60392 negative regulation of SMAD protein import into nucleus P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of SMAD protein import into the nucleus, i.e. the directed movement of a SMAD proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways.
60393 regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways.
60394 negative regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways.
60395 SMAD protein signal transduction P The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the activity of a SMAD protein, and ultimately effecting a change in the functioning of the cell.
60396 growth hormone receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of growth hormone receptor binding to its physiological ligand.
60397 JAK-STAT cascade involved in growth hormone signaling pathway P The process in which STAT proteins (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) are activated by members of the JAK (janus activated kinase) family of tyrosine kinases, following the binding of physiological ligands to the growth hormone receptor. Once activated, STATs dimerize and translocate to the nucleus and modulate the expression of target genes.
60398 regulation of growth hormone receptor signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the growth hormone receptor signaling pathway. The growth hormone receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of growth hormone receptor binding to its physiological ligand.
60399 positive regulation of growth hormone receptor signaling pathway P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the growth hormone receptor signaling pathway. The growth hormone receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of growth hormone receptor binding to its physiological ligand.
60400 negative regulation of growth hormone receptor signaling pathway P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the growth hormone receptor signaling pathway. The growth hormone receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of growth hormone receptor binding to its physiological ligand.
60401 cytosolic calcium ion transport P The directed movement of calcium ions (Ca2+) into, out of or within the cytosol.
60402 calcium ion transport into cytosol P The directed movement of calcium ions (Ca2+) into the cytosol.
60403 post-mating oviposition P The deposition of eggs, either fertilized or not, upon a surface or into a medium, following mating.
60404 axonemal microtubule depolymerization P The removal of tubulin heterodimers from one or both ends of an axonemal microtubule. An axonemal microtubule is a microtubule in the axoneme of a cilium or flagellum; an axoneme contains nine modified doublet microtubules surrounding a pair of single microtubules.
60405 regulation of penile erection P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of penile erection. Penile erection is the hardening, enlarging and rising of the penis which often occurs in the sexually aroused male and enables sexual intercourse. Achieved by increased inflow of blood into the vessels of erectile tissue, and decreased outflow.
60406 positive regulation of penile erection P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of penile erection. Penile erection is the hardening, enlarging and rising of the penis which often occurs in the sexually aroused male and enables sexual intercourse. Achieved by increased inflow of blood into the vessels of erectile tissue, and decreased outflow.
60407 negative regulation of penile erection P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate, frequency or extent of penile erection. Penile erection is the hardening, enlarging and rising of the penis which often occurs in the sexually aroused male and enables sexual intercourse. Achieved by increased inflow of blood into the vessels of erectile tissue, and decreased outflow.
60408 regulation of acetylcholine metabolic process P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter and neuromodulator both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It also acts as a paracrine signal in various non-neural tissues.
60409 positive regulation of acetylcholine metabolic process P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter and neuromodulator both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It also acts as a paracrine signal in various non-neural tissues.
60410 negative regulation of acetylcholine metabolic process P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter and neuromodulator both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It also acts as a paracrine signal in various non-neural tissues.
60411 cardiac septum morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structure of a cardiac septum is generated and organized. A cardiac septum is a partition that separates parts of the heart.
60412 ventricular septum morphogenesis P The developmental process in which a ventricular septum is generated and organized. A ventricular septum is an anatomical structure that separates the lower chambers (ventricles) of the heart from one another.
60413 atrial septum morphogenesis P The developmental process in which atrial septum is generated and organized. The atrial septum separates the upper chambers (the atria) of the heart from one another.
60414 aorta smooth muscle tissue morphogenesis P The process in which the structure of the smooth muscle tissue surrounding the aorta is generated and organized. An aorta is an artery that carries blood from the heart to other parts of the body.
60415 muscle tissue morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of muscle tissue are generated and organized. Muscle tissue consists of a set of cells that are part of an organ and carry out a contractive function.
60416 response to growth hormone P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth hormone stimulus. Growth hormone is a peptide hormone that binds to the growth hormone receptor and stimulates growth.
60417 yolk C The cytoplasmic part that serves as a nutrient reserve or energy source for the developing embryo.
60418 yolk plasma C Discrete structures that partition the water-soluble portion of the yolk of oocytes and ova, which may or may not be membrane enclosed.
60419 heart growth P The increase in size or mass of the heart.
60420 regulation of heart growth P Any process that modulates the rate or extent of heart growth. Heart growth is the increase in size or mass of the heart.
60421 positive regulation of heart growth P Any process that increases the rate or extent of heart growth. Heart growth is the increase in size or mass of the heart.
60422 peptidyl-dipeptidase inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a peptidyl-dipeptidase. Peptidyl-dipeptidase activity catalyzes the release of C-terminal dipeptides from a polypeptide chain.
60423 foregut regionalization P The pattern specification process that results in the spatial subdivision of an axis or axes along the foregut to define an area or volume in which specific patterns of cell differentiation will take place.
60424 lung field specification P The process that results in the delineation of a specific region of the foregut into the area in which the lung will develop.
60425 lung morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the lung are generated and organized.
60426 lung vasculature development P The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lung vasculature from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the lung vasculature and ends with the mature structure. The lung vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the lungs.
60427 lung connective tissue development P The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of lung connective tissue from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of lung connective tissue and ends with the mature structure. The lung connective tissue is a material made up of fibers forming a framework and support structure for the lungs.
60428 lung epithelium development P The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung epithelium from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of lung epithelium and ends with the mature structure. The lung epithelium is the specialized epithelium that lines the inside of the lung.
60429 epithelium development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure.
60430 lung saccule development P The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lung saccule from an initial condition to its mature state. The lung saccule is the primitive gas exchange portion of the lung composed of type I and type II cells.
60431 primary lung bud formation P The morphogenetic process in which the foregut region specified to become the lung forms the initial left and right buds.
60432 lung pattern specification process P Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the lung, to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.
60433 bronchus development P The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a bronchus from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the bronchus and ends with the mature structure. The bronchus is the portion of the airway that connects to the lungs.
60434 bronchus morphogenesis P The process in which the bronchus is generated and organized. The bronchus is the portion of the airway that connects to the lungs.
60435 bronchiole development P The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a bronchiole from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the bronchiole and ends with the mature structure. A bronchiole is the first airway branch that no longer contains cartilage; it is a branch of the bronchi.
60436 bronchiole morphogenesis P The process in which a bronchiole is generated and organized. A bronchiole is the first airway branch that no longer contains cartilage; it is a branch of the bronchi.
60437 lung growth P The increase in size or mass of a lung. In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the oesophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive sac-like character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax.
60438 trachea development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a trachea over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches.
60439 trachea morphogenesis P The process in which a trachea is generated and organized. The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches.
60440 trachea formation P The process pertaining to the initial formation of a trachea from unspecified parts. The process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the trachea is recognizable. The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches.
60441 epithelial tube branching involved in lung morphogenesis P The process in which a highly ordered sequence of patterning events generates the branched epithelial tubes of the lung, consisting of reiterated combinations of bud outgrowth, elongation, and dichotomous subdivision of terminal units.
60442 branching involved in prostate gland morphogenesis P The process in which the branching structure of the prostate gland is generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem.
60443 mammary gland morphogenesis P The process in which anatomical structures of the mammary gland are generated and organized. Morphogenesis refers to the creation of shape. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk.
60444 branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis P The process in which the branching structure of the mammary gland duct is generated and organized. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk.
60445 branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis P The process in which the branching structure of the salivary gland is generated and organized.
60446 branching involved in open tracheal system development P The process in which the anatomical structures of branches in the open tracheal system are generated and organized.
60447 bud outgrowth involved in lung branching P The process in which a region of the lung epithelium initiates an outgrowth.
60448 dichotomous subdivision of terminal units involved in lung branching P The process in which a lung bud bifurcates.
60449 bud elongation involved in lung branching P The process in which a bud in the lung grows out from the point where it is formed.
60450 positive regulation of hindgut contraction P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction of the hindgut, the posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and the large intestine.
60451 negative regulation of hindgut contraction P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction of the hindgut, the posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and the large intestine.
60452 positive regulation of cardiac muscle contraction P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction.
60453 regulation of gastric acid secretion P Any process that modulates the rate frequency or extent of gastric secretion. Gastric secretion is the regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion.
60454 positive regulation of gastric acid secretion P Any process that increases the rate frequency or extent of gastric secretion. Gastric secretion is the regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion.
60455 negative regulation of gastric acid secretion P Any process that decreases the rate frequency or extent of gastric secretion. Gastric secretion is the regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion.
60456 positive regulation of digestive system process P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of a digestive system process, a physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.
60457 negative regulation of digestive system process P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of a digestive system process, a physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.
60458 right lung development P The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a right lung from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the right lung and ends with the mature structure. The right lung is the lung which is on the right side of the anterior posterior axis looking from a dorsal to ventral aspect.
60459 left lung development P The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a left lung from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the left lung and ends with the mature structure. The left lung is the lung which is on the left side of the anterior posterior axis looking from a dorsal to ventral aspect.
60460 left lung morphogenesis P The process in which anatomical structures of the left lung are generated and organized.
60461 right lung morphogenesis P The process in which anatomical structures of the right lung are generated and organized.
60462 lung lobe development P The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lung lobe from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of a lung lobe by branching morphogenesis and ends with the mature structure. A lung lobe is one of the rounded projections that compose the lung.
60463 lung lobe morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of a lung lobe are generated and organized. A lung lobe is a projection that extends from the lung.
60464 lung lobe formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a lung lobe from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the lobe and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. A lung lobe is a projection that extends from the lung.
60465 pharynx development P The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pharynx from an initial condition to its mature state. The pharynx is the part of the digestive system immediately posterior to the mouth.
60466 activation of meiosis involved in egg activation P Any process that starts the inactive process of meiosis in an egg after the egg has been fertilized or physiologically activated. Eggs generally arrest in meiosis and complete the process after activation.
60467 negative regulation of fertilization P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of fertilization. Fertilization is the union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy).
60468 prevention of polyspermy P The negative regulation of fertilization process that takes place as part of egg activation, ensuring that only a single sperm fertilizes the egg.
60469 positive regulation of transcription involved in egg activation P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of transcription as a part of the process of egg activation.
60470 positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration involved in egg activation P The process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol after fertilization or the physiological activation of an egg.
60471 cortical granule exocytosis P The process of secretion by a cell that results in the release of intracellular molecules contained within a cortical granule by fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane of a cell. A cortical granule is a specialized secretory vesicle that is released during egg activation that changes the surface of the egg to prevent polyspermy.
60472 positive regulation of cortical granule exocytosis by positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cortical granule exocytosis by directing movement of calcium ions (Ca2+) into the cytosol.
60473 cortical granule C A secretory vesicle that is stored under the cell membrane of an egg. These vesicles fuse with the egg plasma membrane as part of egg activation and are part of the block to polyspermy.
60474 positive regulation of flagellated sperm motility involved in capacitation P The process in which the controlled movement of a flagellated sperm cell is initiated as part of the process required for flagellated sperm to reach fertilization competence.
60475 positive regulation of actin filament polymerization involved in acrosome reaction P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin polymerization as part of the acrosome reaction.
60476 protein localization involved in acrosome reaction P The actin-based process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the sperm as part of the acrosome reaction.
60477 peptidyl-serine phosphorylation involved in acrosome reaction P The phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-serine that is part of the acrosome reaction.
60478 acrosomal vesicle exocytosis P The release of intracellular molecules contained within the acrosomal granule by fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane of the oocyte, requiring calcium ions.
60479 lung cell differentiation P The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of a mature cell found in the lung. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
60480 lung goblet cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lung goblet cell. A goblet cell is a cell of the epithelial lining that produces and secretes mucins.
60481 lobar bronchus epithelium development P The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lobar bronchus epithelium from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the lobar bronchus epithelium and ends with the mature structure. The lobar bronchus epithelium is the tissue made up of epithelial cells that lines the inside of the lobar bronchus.
60482 lobar bronchus development P The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lobar bronchus from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the lobar bronchus and ends with the mature structure. The lobar bronchus is the major airway within the respiratory tree that starts by division of the principal bronchi on both sides and ends at the point of its own subdivision into tertiary or segmental bronchi.
60483 lobar bronchus mesenchyme development P The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lobar bronchus mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the lobar bronchus mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. The lobar bronchus mesenchyme is the mass of tissue composed of mesenchymal cells in the lobar bronchus.
60484 lung-associated mesenchyme development P The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lung-associated mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of lung-associated mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. Lung-associated mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the lung.
60485 mesenchyme development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesenchymal tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A mesenchymal tissue is made up of loosely packed stellate cells.
60486 Clara cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a Clara cell. A Clara cell is an unciliated epithelial cell found in the respiratory and terminal bronchioles.
60487 lung epithelial cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell that contributes to the epithelium of the lung.
60488 orthogonal dichotomous subdivision of terminal units involved in lung branching morphogenesis P The process in which a lung bud bifurcates perpendicular to the plane of the previous bud.
60489 planar dichotomous subdivision of terminal units involved in lung branching morphogenesis P The process in which a lung bud bifurcates parallel to the plane of the previous bud.
60490 lateral sprouting involved in lung morphogenesis P The process in which a branch forms along the side of the lung epithelial tube.
60491 regulation of cell projection assembly P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cell projection assembly.
60492 lung induction P The close range interaction of two or more cells or tissues that causes the cells of the foregut to change their fates and specify the development of the lung.
60493 mesenchymal-endodermal cell signaling involved in lung induction P Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a mesenchymal cell to an endodermal cell in the foregut and contributes to the formation of the lung bud.
60494 inductive mesenchymal-endodermal cell signaling P Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a mesenchymal cell to an endodermal cell changing the fate of the endodermal cell.
60495 cell-cell signaling involved in lung development P Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the progression of the lung, from its initial state to the mature structure.
60496 mesenchymal-epithelial cell signaling involved in lung development P Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a mesenchymal cell to an epithelial cell and contributes to the development of the lung.
60497 mesenchymal-endodermal cell signaling P Any process that mediates the transfer of information between a mesenchymal cell and an endodermal cell.
60498 retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway involved in lung bud formation P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a retinoic acid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands contributing to the formation of the primary lung bud.
60499 fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in lung induction P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor-type receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands resulting in the formation of the lung bud along the lateral-esophageal sulcus.
60500 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in lung bud formation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the branching morphogenesis by which the initial primordium of the lung is formed.
60501 positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis P Any process that increases the rate or frequency of epithelial cell proliferation that results in the lung attaining its shape.
60502 epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis P The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to the shaping of the lung.
60503 bud dilation involved in lung branching P The process in which a bud in the lung increases radially.
60504 positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung bud dilation P Any process that increases the rate or frequency of epithelial cell proliferation that results in the lung bud increasing in size radially.
60505 epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung bud dilation P The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells that contribute to the radial growth of a lung bud.
60506 smoothened signaling pathway involved in lung development P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane Smoothened-type protein. This process contributes to lung development.
60507 epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in lung development P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an epidermal growth factor-type receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. This process contributes to lung development.
60508 lung basal cell differentiation P The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of a mature basal cell found in the lung. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. A basal cell is an epithelial stem cell.
60509 Type I pneumocyte differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a Type I pneumocyte. A type I pneumocyte is a flattened cell with greatly attenuated cytoplasm and a paucity of organelles.
60510 Type II pneumocyte differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a Type II pneumocyte. A Type II pneumocyte is a surfactant secreting cell that contains abundant cytoplasm containing numerous lipid-rich multilamellar bodies.
60511 creation of an inductive signal by a mesenchymal cell involved in lung induction P The process in which splanchnic mesenchymal cells send a signal over a short range to endodermal cells inducing them to form the primary lung bud.
60512 prostate gland morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of a prostate gland are generated and organized.
60513 prostatic bud formation P The morphogenetic process in which a region of the fetal urogenital sinus epithelium is specified to become the prostate, resulting in prostate bud outgrowth.
60514 prostate induction P The close range interaction of the urogenital sinus mesenchyme and the urogenital sinus epithelium that causes the cells of the urogenital sinus epithelium to change their fates and specify the development of the prostate gland.
60515 prostate field specification P The process that results in the delineation of a specific region of the urogenital sinus epithelium into the area in which the prostate gland will develop.
60516 primary prostatic bud elongation P The increase in size of the prostatic bud as it forms.
60517 epithelial cell proliferation involved in prostatic bud elongation P The multiplication of epithelial cells, contributing to the expansion of the primary prostatic bud.
60518 cell migration involved in prostatic bud elongation P The orderly movement of epithelial cells from one site to another contributing to the elongation of the primary prostatic bud.
60519 cell adhesion involved in prostatic bud elongation P The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules that contributes to the elongation of the primary prostatic bud.
60520 activation of prostate induction by androgen receptor signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an androgen binding to its receptor in the urogenital sinus mesenchyme that initiates prostate induction. Prostate induction is the close range interaction of the urogenital sinus mesenchyme and the urogenital sinus epithelium that causes the cells of the urogenital sinus epithelium to change their fates and specify the development of the prostate gland.
60521 mesenchymal-epithelial cell signaling involved in prostate induction P Signaling at short range from urogenital sinus mesenchymal cells to cells of the urogenital epithelium resulting in the epithelial cells adopting a prostatic fate.
60522 inductive mesenchymal to epithelial cell signaling P Signaling at short range from mesenchymal cells to cells of an epithelium that results in a developmental change in the epithelial cells.
60523 prostate epithelial cord elongation P The developmental growth process in which solid chords of prostate epithelium increase in length.
60524 dichotomous subdivision of prostate epithelial cord terminal unit P The process in which a prostate epithelial cord bifurcates at its end.
60525 prostate glandular acinus development P The progression of a glandular acinus of the prostate gland over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The glandular acini are the saclike structures of the gland.
60526 prostate glandular acinus morphogenesis P The process in which the prostate glandular acini are generated and organized. The glandular acini are the saclike structures of the gland.
60527 prostate epithelial cord arborization involved in prostate glandular acinus morphogenesis P The branching morphogenesis process in which the prostate epithelial cords branch freely to create the structure of the prostate acini.
60528 secretory columnal luminar epithelial cell differentiation involved in prostate glandular acinus development P The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell acquires specialized features of a secretory columnal luminar epithelial cell of the prostate.
60529 squamous basal epithelial stem cell differentiation involved in prostate gland acinus development P The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell acquires specialized features of a squamous basal epithelial stem cell of the prostate.
60530 smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in prostate glandular acinus development P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell of the prostate glandular acinus.
60531 neuroendocrine cell differentiation involved in prostate gland acinus development P The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquires specialized structural and functions of a neuroendocrine cell of the prostate gland acinus.
60532 bronchus cartilage development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of lung cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.
60533 bronchus cartilage morphogenesis P The process in which the bronchus cartilage is generated and organized. The bronchus cartilage is the connective tissue of the portion of the airway that connects to the lungs.
60534 trachea cartilage development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the tracheal cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.
60535 trachea cartilage morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of cartilage in the trachea are generated and organized.
60536 cartilage morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of cartilage are generated and organized.
60537 muscle tissue development P The progression of muscle tissue over time, from its initial formation to its mature state. Muscle tissue is a contractile tissue made up of actin and myosin fibers.
60538 skeletal muscle organ development P The progression of a skeletal muscle organ over time from its initial formation to its mature state. A skeletal muscle organ includes the skeletal muscle tissue and its associated connective tissue.
60539 diaphragm development P The progression of the diaphragm over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The diaphragm is a skeletal muscle that is responsible for contraction and expansion of the lungs.
60540 diaphragm morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the diaphragm are generated and organized.
60541 respiratory system development P The progression of the respiratory system over time from its formation to its mature structure. The respiratory system carries out respiratory gaseous exchange.
60542 regulation of strand invasion P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of strand invasion. Strand invasion is the process in which the nucleoprotein complex (composed of the broken single-strand DNA and the recombinase) searches and identifies a region of homology in intact duplex DNA. The broken single-strand DNA displaces the like strand and forms Watson-Crick base pairs with its complement, forming a duplex in which each strand is from one of the two recombining DNA molecules.
60543 negative regulation of strand invasion P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of strand invasion. Strand invasion is the process in which the nucleoprotein complex (composed of the broken single-strand DNA and the recombinase) searches and identifies a region of homology in intact duplex DNA. The broken single-strand DNA displaces the like strand and forms Watson-Crick base pairs with its complement, forming a duplex in which each strand is from one of the two recombining DNA molecules.
60544 regulation of necroptotic process P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a necroptotic process, a necrotic cell death process that results from the activation of endogenous cellular processes, such as signaling involving death domain receptors or Toll-like receptors.
60545 positive regulation of necroptotic process P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a necroptotic process, a necrotic cell death process that results from the activation of endogenous cellular processes, such as signaling involving death domain receptors or Toll-like receptors.
60546 negative regulation of necroptotic process P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a necroptotic process, a necrotic cell death process that results from the activation of endogenous cellular processes, such as signaling involving death domain receptors or Toll-like receptors.
60547 negative regulation of necrotic cell death P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of necrotic cell death. Necrotic cell death is a cell death process that is morphologically characterized by a gain in cell volume (oncosis), swelling of organelles, plasma membrane rupture and subsequent loss of intracellular contents.
60548 negative regulation of cell death P Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of cell death. Cell death is the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death.
60549 regulation of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity is the catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate + H2O = D-fructose 6-phosphate + phosphate.
60550 positive regulation of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity is the catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate + H2O = D-fructose 6-phosphate + phosphate.
60551 regulation of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate metabolic process P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate metabolism. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate metabolism is the chemical reactions and pathways involving fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, also known as FBP. The D enantiomer is a metabolic intermediate in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.
60552 positive regulation of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate metabolic process P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate metabolism. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate metabolism is the chemical reactions and pathways involving fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, also known as FBP. The D enantiomer is a metabolic intermediate in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.
60556 regulation of vitamin D biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the rate frequency or extent of a vitamin D biosynthetic process. Vitamin D biosynthesis is the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vitamin D, any of a group of related, fat-soluble compounds that are derived from delta-5,7 steroids and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Specific forms of vitamin D include calciferol (ergocalciferol; vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (calciol; vitamin D3).
60557 positive regulation of vitamin D biosynthetic process P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a vitamin D biosynthetic process. Vitamin D biosynthesis is the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vitamin D, any of a group of related, fat-soluble compounds that are derived from delta-5,7 steroids and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Specific forms of vitamin D include calciferol (ergocalciferol; vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (calciol; vitamin D3).
60558 regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity. Calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity is catalysis of the reaction: calcidiol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = calcitriol + NADP+ + H2O.
60559 positive regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity. Calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity is the catalysis of the reaction: calcidiol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = calcitriol + NADP+ + H2O.
60560 developmental growth involved in morphogenesis P The increase in size or mass of an anatomical structure that contributes to the structure attaining its shape.
60561 apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis P Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of an anatomical structure.
60562 epithelial tube morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized from an epithelium. Epithelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system.
60563 neuroepithelial cell differentiation P The process in which epiblast cells acquire specialized features of neuroepithelial cells.
60566 positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription, termination P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of DNA-templated transcription termination, the process in which transcription is completed; the formation of phosphodiester bonds ceases, the RNA-DNA hybrid dissociates, and RNA polymerase releases the DNA.
60567 negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription, termination P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of DNA-dependent transcription termination, the process in which transcription is completed; the formation of phosphodiester bonds ceases, the RNA-DNA hybrid dissociates, and RNA polymerase releases the DNA.
60568 regulation of peptide hormone processing P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of peptide hormone processing. Peptide hormone processing is the generation of a mature peptide hormone by posttranslational processing of a prohormone.
60569 positive regulation of peptide hormone processing P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of peptide hormone processing. Peptide hormone processing is the generation of a mature peptide hormone by posttranslational processing of a prohormone.
60570 negative regulation of peptide hormone processing P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of peptide hormone processing. Peptide hormone processing is the generation of a mature peptide hormone by posttranslational processing of a prohormone.
60571 morphogenesis of an epithelial fold P The morphogenetic process in which an epithelial sheet bends along a linear axis.
60572 morphogenesis of an epithelial bud P The morphogenetic process in which a bud forms from an epithelial sheet. A bud is a protrusion that forms form the sheet by localized folding.
60573 cell fate specification involved in pattern specification P The process involved in the specification of the identity of a cell in a field of cells that is being instructed as to how to differentiate. Once specification has taken place, that cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment.
60574 intestinal epithelial cell maturation P The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a columna/cuboidal epithelial cell of the intestine to attain its fully functional state. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell of the intestine mature as they migrate from the intestinal crypt to the villus.
60575 intestinal epithelial cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell of the intestine.
60576 intestinal epithelial cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell of the intestine over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
60577 pulmonary vein morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structure of the pulmonary venous blood vessels are generated and organized. Pulmonary veins are blood vessels that transport blood from the lungs to the heart.
60578 superior vena cava morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structure of superior vena cava generated and organized. The superior vena cava is a blood vessel that transports blood from the upper body to the heart.
60579 ventral spinal cord interneuron fate commitment P The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a ventral spinal cord interneuron. Ventral spinal cord interneurons are cells located in the ventral portion of the spinal cord that transmit signals between sensory and motor neurons and are required for reflexive responses.
60580 ventral spinal cord interneuron fate determination P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a ventral spinal cord interneuron regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. Ventral spinal cord interneurons are cells located in the ventral portion of the spinal cord that transmit signals between sensory and motor neurons and are required for reflexive responses.
60581 cell fate commitment involved in pattern specification P The commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells within a field of cells that will exhibit a certain pattern of differentiation. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a developmental field resulting in specification of a cell type. Those signals are then interpreted in a cell-autonomous manner resulting in the determination of the cell type.
60582 cell fate determination involved in pattern specification P A process involved in commitment of a cell to a fate in a developmental field. Once determination has taken place, a cell becomes committed to differentiate down a particular pathway regardless of its environment.
60583 regulation of actin cortical patch localization P Any process that modulates the localization of an actin cortical patch. An actin cortical patch is a discrete actin-containing structure found just beneath the plasma membrane in fungal cells.
60584 regulation of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity. Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity is the catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + donor-H2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + acceptor + H2O.
60585 positive regulation of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity. Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity is the catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + donor-H2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + acceptor + H2O.
60586 multicellular organismal iron ion homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of the distribution of iron stores within tissues and organs of a multicellular organism.
60587 regulation of lipoprotein lipid oxidation P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of lipoprotein lipid oxidation. Lipoprotein lipid oxidation is the modification of a lipoprotein by oxidation of the lipid group.
60588 negative regulation of lipoprotein lipid oxidation P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of lipoprotein lipid oxidation. Lipoprotein lipid oxidation is the modification of a lipoprotein by oxidation of the lipid group.
60589 nucleoside-triphosphatase regulator activity F Modulates the rate of NTP hydrolysis by a NTPase.
60590 ATPase regulator activity F Modulates the rate of ATP hydrolysis by an ATPase.
60591 chondroblast differentiation P The process in which a mesenchymal cell, acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondroblast. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a chondroblast fate. A chondroblast is a precursor cell to chondrocytes.
60592 mammary gland formation P The process pertaining to the initial formation of the mammary gland from unspecified parts. The process begins with formation of the mammary line and ends when the solid mammary bud invades the primary mammary mesenchyme.
60593 Wnt signaling pathway involved in mammary gland specification P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of a cell in the epidermis resulting in the formation of the mammary line. The mammary line is a ridge of epidermal cells that will form the mammary placodes.
60594 mammary gland specification P The regionalization process in which the mammary line is specified. The mammary line is a ridge of epidermal cells that will form the mammary placodes.
60595 fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in mammary gland specification P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a fibroblast growth factor to its receptor on the surface of al cell in the epidermis resulting in the formation of the mammary line. The mammary line is a ridge of epidermal cells that will form the mammary placodes.
60596 mammary placode formation P The developmental process in which the mammary placode forms. The mammary placode is a transient lens shaped structure that will give rise to the mammary bud proper.
60597 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in mammary gland formation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the formation of the mammary line, placode or bud.
60598 dichotomous subdivision of terminal units involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis P The process in which the terminal end of a mammary duct bifurcates.
60599 lateral sprouting involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis P The process in which a branch forms along the side of a mammary duct.
60600 dichotomous subdivision of an epithelial terminal unit P The process in which an epithelial cord, rod or tube bifurcates at its end.
60601 lateral sprouting from an epithelium P The process in which a branch forms along the side of an epithelium.
60602 branch elongation of an epithelium P The growth process in which a branch increases in length from its base to its tip.
60603 mammary gland duct morphogenesis P The process in which anatomical structures of the mammary ducts are generated and organized. Mammary ducts are epithelial tubes that transport milk.
60604 mammary gland duct cavitation P Creation of the central hole of the mammary gland duct by the hollowing out of a solid rod.
60605 tube lumen cavitation P The formation of a lumen by hollowing out a solid rod or cord.
60606 tube closure P Creation of the central hole of a tube in an anatomical structure by sealing the edges of an epithelial fold.
60607 cell-cell adhesion involved in sealing an epithelial fold P The attachment of one cell to another cell along the edges of two epithelial folds, giving rise to the lumen of an epithelial tube.
60608 cell-cell adhesion involved in neural tube closure P The attachment of one cell to another cell along the edges of two epithelial folds, giving rise to the lumen of the neural tube.
60609 apoptotic process involved in tube lumen cavitation P Any apoptotic process that contributes to the hollowing out of an epithelial rod or cord to form the central hole in a tube.
60610 mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in mammary gland development P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mammary gland mesenchymal cell. Mammary gland mesenchymal cells form a loosely connected network of cells that surround the mammary ducts.
60611 mammary gland fat development P The progression of the mammary gland fat over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammary fat is an adipose structure in the gland that is invaded by the mammary ducts.
60612 adipose tissue development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of adipose tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Adipose tissue is specialized tissue that is used to store fat.
60613 fat pad development P The progression of a fat pad from its initial formation to its mature structure. A fat pad is an accumulation of adipose tissue.
60614 negative regulation of mammary gland development in males by androgen receptor signaling pathway P Any process that decreases the rate or extent of mammary gland development in the male by an androgen binding to its receptor, causing a change in state or activity of a cell.
60615 mammary gland bud formation P The morphogenetic process in which a bud forms from the mammary placode. A mammary bud is bulb of epithelial cells that is distinct from the surrounding epidermis.
60616 mammary gland cord formation P The process in which the mammary gland cord forms by elongation of the mammary bud. The cord is formed once the elongating bud breaks through the mesenchyme and reaches the fat pad.
60617 positive regulation of mammary placode formation by mesenchymal-epithelial signaling P Any process that initiates the formation of a mammary placode through a mechanism that mediates the transfer of information from a mesenchymal cell to an epithelial cell resulting in the epithelial cell adopting the identity of a cell of the mammary placode.
60618 nipple development P The progression of the nipple over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The nipple is a part of the mammary gland that protrudes from the surface ectoderm.
60619 cell migration involved in mammary placode formation P The orderly movement of epithelial cells within the mammary line that contributes to the formation of the mammary placode.
60620 regulation of cholesterol import P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cholesterol import. Cholesterol import is the directed movement of cholesterol into a cell or organelle.
60621 negative regulation of cholesterol import P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of cholesterol import. Cholesterol import is the directed movement of cholesterol into a cell or organelle.
60622 regulation of ascospore wall beta-glucan biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of ascospore wall beta-glucan biosynthetic process, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of ascospores.
60623 regulation of chromosome condensation P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of chromosome condensation, the progressive compaction of dispersed interphase chromatin into threadlike chromosomes prior to mitotic or meiotic nuclear division, or during apoptosis, in eukaryotic cells.
60624 regulation of ascospore wall (1->3)-beta-D-glucan biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of ascospore wall (1->3)-beta-D-glucan biosynthetic process, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D--glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of ascospores.
60625 regulation of protein deneddylation P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of protein deneddylation, the removal of a ubiquitin-like protein of the NEDD8 type from a protein.
60626 regulation of cullin deneddylation P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cullin deneddylation, the modification of cullins by removal of ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8 (RUB1).
60627 regulation of vesicle-mediated transport P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of vesicle-mediated transport, the directed movement of substances, either within a vesicle or in the vesicle membrane, into, out of or within a cell.
60628 regulation of ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport, the directed movement of substances from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi, mediated by COP II vesicles. Small COP II coated vesicles form from the ER and then fuse directly with the cis-Golgi. Larger structures are transported along microtubules to the cis-Golgi.
60629 regulation of homologous chromosome segregation P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of homologous chromosome segregation, the cell cycle process in which replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the first division of the meiotic cell cycle. Each replicated chromosome, composed of two sister chromatids, aligns at the cell equator, paired with its homologous partner; this pairing off, referred to as synapsis, permits genetic recombination. One homolog (both sister chromatids) of each morphologic type goes into each of the resulting chromosome sets.
60631 regulation of meiosis I P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of meiosis I, a cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through the first phase of meiosis, in which cells divide and homologous chromosomes are paired and segregated from each other, producing two daughter cells.
60632 regulation of microtubule-based movement P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of microtubule-based movement, the movement of organelles, other microtubules and other particles along microtubules, mediated by motor proteins.
60633 negative regulation of transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a process involved in starting transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
60634 regulation of 4,6-pyruvylated galactose residue biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of 4,6-pyruvylated galactose residue biosynthetic process, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the pyruvylated galactose residue 4-6-O-[(R)(1-carboxyethylidine)]-Gal-beta-(1->3)-. The galactose residue is part of a larger polysaccharide chain.
60635 positive regulation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucan biosynthetic process P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans.
60636 negative regulation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucan biosynthetic process P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans.
60637 positive regulation of lactation by mesenchymal-epithelial cell signaling P The process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of lactation as a result of the secretion of a signal from the mammary fat and its reception by a mammary epithelial cell.
60638 mesenchymal-epithelial cell signaling P Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a mesenchymal cell to an epithelial cell where it is received and interpreted.
60639 positive regulation of salivary gland formation by mesenchymal-epithelial signaling P Any process that induces the formation of the salivary gland field by means of the secretion of a signal by a mesenchymal cell and its reception and interpretation by an epithelial cell resulting in it adopting the identity of a salivary gland bud cell.
60640 positive regulation of dentin-containing tooth bud formation by mesenchymal-epithelial signaling P Any process that initiates the formation of a tooth bud by the secretion of a signal from a mesenchymal cell and its reception and subsequent change in the identity of an epithelial cell of the tooth bud.
60641 mammary gland duct regression in males P The process in which the epithelium of the mammary duct is destroyed in males.
60642 white fat cell differentiation involved in mammary gland fat development P The process in which a preadipocyte acquires specialized features of a white adipocyte of the mammary gland. White adipocytes have cytoplasmic lipids arranged in a unique vacuole.
60643 epithelial cell differentiation involved in mammary gland bud morphogenesis P The process in which a cell of the mammary placode becomes a cell of the mammary gland bud.
60644 mammary gland epithelial cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell becomes a more specialized epithelial cell of the mammary gland.
60645 peripheral mammary gland bud epithelial cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell of the mammary placode becomes an epithelial cell at the periphery of the mammary gland bud. Cells at the periphery of the bud are larger that those of the surrounding epithelium and are arranged concentrically.
60646 internal mammary gland bud epithelial cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell of the mammary placode becomes an internal epithelial cell of the mammary gland bud. Internal cells are small and of irregular shape.
60647 mesenchymal cell condensation involved in mammary fat development P The cell adhesion process in which mammary mesenchyme cells adhere to one another in the initial stages of the formation of mammary fat development.
60648 mammary gland bud morphogenesis P The process in which anatomical structures of the mammary gland buds are generated and organized. Mammary gland buds form by an outpocketing of the mammary placodes and grow to invade the mammary fat, when they form the mammary cord.
60649 mammary gland bud elongation P The process in which the mammary gland bud grows along its axis.
60650 epithelial cell proliferation involved in mammary gland bud elongation P The multiplication or reproduction of mammary gland bud epithelial cells, resulting in the elongation of the bud.
60651 regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in mammary gland bud elongation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mammary gland bud epithelial cell proliferation that results in the elongation of the bud.
60652 mammary gland cord morphogenesis P The process in which anatomical structures of the mammary gland cord are generated and organized. Mammary gland cords form when the mammary gland bud invades the mammary fat.
60653 epithelial cell differentiation involved in mammary gland cord morphogenesis P The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell becomes a more specialized epithelial cell of the mammary gland cord. Epithelial cells of the mammary cord give it its funnel-like shape and some are cornified.
60654 mammary gland cord elongation P The process in which the mammary gland sprout grows along its axis.
60655 branching involved in mammary gland cord morphogenesis P The process in which the branching structure of the mammary gland cord is generated and organized. The mammary gland cord is a solid epithelial structure that will hollow out, forming the mammary duct.
60656 regulation of branching involved in mammary cord morphogenesis by fat precursor cell-epithelial cell signaling P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of branching of the mammary gland cord as a result of a signal being created by a mammary fat precursor cell and its subsequent reception and interpretation by a mammary cord epithelial cell.
60657 regulation of mammary gland cord elongation by mammary fat precursor cell-epithelial cell signaling P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of mammary gland cord elongation as a result of a signal being created by a mesenchymal cell that is a precursor to the mammary fat and its subsequent reception and interpretation by an mammary cord epithelial cell.
60658 nipple morphogenesis P The process in which the nipple is generated and organized.
60659 nipple sheath formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the nipple sheath from the unspecified epidermis. This process begins with a circular ingrowth of the epidermis around the region of the mammary sprout. It ends before the region begins to elevate.
60660 epidermis morphogenesis involved in nipple formation P The process in which the epidermis of the nipple sheath is uplifted to form an umbrella-like projection.
60661 submandibular salivary gland formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a submandibular salivary gland. This process begins with a thickening of the epithelium next to the tongue and ends when a bud linked to the oral surface is formed.
60662 salivary gland cavitation P The process in which the solid core of salivary epithelium gives rise to the hollow tube of the gland.
60663 apoptotic process involved in salivary gland cavitation P Any apoptotic process in which the solid core of the gland is hollowed out to form the duct.
60664 epithelial cell proliferation involved in salivary gland morphogenesis P The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells of the submandibular salivary gland, resulting in the expansion of a cell population and the shaping of the gland.
60665 regulation of branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis by mesenchymal-epithelial signaling P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis as a result of signals being generated by the mesenchyme and received and interpreted by the salivary gland epithelium.
60666 dichotomous subdivision of terminal units involved in salivary gland branching P The process in which a salivary epithelial cord bifurcates at its end.
60667 branch elongation involved in salivary gland morphogenesis P The differential growth of the salivary branches along their axis, resulting in the growth of a branch.
60668 regulation of branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis by extracellular matrix-epithelial cell signaling P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of salivary gland branching as a result of the transfer of information from the extracellular matrix to the epithelium of the salivary gland.
60669 embryonic placenta morphogenesis P The process in which the embryonic placenta is generated and organized.
60670 branching involved in labyrinthine layer morphogenesis P The process in which the branches of the fetal placental villi are generated and organized. The villous part of the placenta is called the labyrinth layer.
60671 epithelial cell differentiation involved in embryonic placenta development P The process in which a trophoblast cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell of the placental labyrinthine layer.
60672 epithelial cell morphogenesis involved in placental branching P The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when a trophoblast cell elongates to contribute to the branching of the placenta.
60673 cell-cell signaling involved in placenta development P Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another.
60674 placenta blood vessel development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a blood vessel of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
60675 ureteric bud morphogenesis P The process in which the ureteric bud is generated and organized.
60676 ureteric bud formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the ureteric bud from the Wolffian duct. This process begins when the bud protrudes from the duct and ends when it is a recognizable bud.
60677 ureteric bud elongation P The developmental growth in which the ureteric bud grows along its axis beginning with the growth of the primary ureteric bud and ending when the branches of the bud have elongated.
60678 dichotomous subdivision of terminal units involved in ureteric bud branching P The process in which a ureteric bud bifurcates at its end.
60679 trifid subdivision of terminal units involved in ureteric bud branching P The process in which a ureteric bud splits into three units at its end.
60680 lateral sprouting involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis P The process in which a branch forms along the side of a ureteric bud.
60681 branch elongation involved in ureteric bud branching P The growth of a branch of the ureteric bud along its axis.
60682 primary ureteric bud growth P The process in which the primary ureteric bud grows along its axis dorsally toward the metanephric blastema.
60683 regulation of branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis by epithelial-mesenchymal signaling P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of salivary gland branching as a result of the transfer of information from the epithelial cells to the mesenchymal cells of the salivary gland.
60684 epithelial-mesenchymal cell signaling P Any process that results in the transfer of information from an epithelial cell to a mesenchymal cell where it is interpreted.
60685 regulation of prostatic bud formation P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of prostatic bud formation, the morphogenetic process in which a region of the fetal urogenital sinus epithelium is specified to become the prostate, resulting in prostate bud outgrowth.
60686 negative regulation of prostatic bud formation P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of prostatic bud formation, the morphogenetic process in which a region of the fetal urogenital sinus epithelium is specified to become the prostate, resulting in prostate bud outgrowth.
60687 regulation of branching involved in prostate gland morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of prostate gland branching, the process in which the branching structure of the prostate gland is generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem.
60688 regulation of morphogenesis of a branching structure P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of branching morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structures of branches are generated and organized.
60689 cell differentiation involved in salivary gland development P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the salivary gland.
60690 epithelial cell differentiation involved in salivary gland development P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of an epithelial cell of the salivary gland.
60691 epithelial cell maturation involved in salivary gland development P The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an epithelial cell of the salivary gland to attain its fully functional state.
60692 mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in salivary gland development P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal cell of the salivary gland. A mesenchymal cell is a loosely associated cell that is part of the connective tissue in an organism. Mesenchymal cells give rise to more mature connective tissue cell types.
60693 regulation of branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of branching morphogenesis in the salivary gland epithelium.
60694 regulation of cholesterol transporter activity P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cholesterol transporter activity.
60695 negative regulation of cholesterol transporter activity P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of cholesterol transporter activity.
60696 regulation of phospholipid catabolic process P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of phospholipid catabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phospholipids, any lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.
60697 positive regulation of phospholipid catabolic process P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of phospholipid catabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phospholipids, any lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.
60698 endoribonuclease inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of an endoribonuclease, any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ester linkages within ribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks.
60699 regulation of endoribonuclease activity P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within ribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks.
60700 regulation of ribonuclease activity P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of ribonuclease activity, catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds in chains of RNA.
60701 negative regulation of ribonuclease activity P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of ribonuclease activity, catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds in chains of RNA.
60702 negative regulation of endoribonuclease activity P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within ribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks.
60703 deoxyribonuclease inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of deoxyribonuclease.
60704 acinar cell differentiation involved in salivary gland development P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize an acinar cell of the salivary gland. Acinar cells are protein-secreting cells in the gland.
60705 neuron differentiation involved in salivary gland development P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the neurons of the salivary gland.
60706 cell differentiation involved in embryonic placenta development P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of the embryonic placenta.
60707 trophoblast giant cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a trophoblast giant cell of the placenta. Trophoblast giant cells are the cell of the placenta that line the maternal decidua.
60708 spongiotrophoblast differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell of the ectoplacental cone acquires specialized features of a spongiotrophoblast of the placenta. A spongiotrophoblast cell is a basophilic cell.
60709 glycogen cell differentiation involved in embryonic placenta development P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glycogen cell of the placenta. A glycogen cell is a vacuolated glycogen-rich cell that appears in compact cell islets of the spongiotrophoblast layer.
60710 chorio-allantoic fusion P The cell-cell adhesion process in which the cells of the chorion fuse to the cells of the allantois.
60711 labyrinthine layer development P The process in which the labyrinthine layer of the placenta progresses, from its formation to its mature state.
60712 spongiotrophoblast layer development P The process in which the spongiotrophoblast layer of the placenta progresses from its formation to its mature state.
60713 labyrinthine layer morphogenesis P The process in which the labyrinthine layer of the placenta is generated and organized.
60714 labyrinthine layer formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the labyrinthine layer of the placenta.
60715 syncytiotrophoblast cell differentiation involved in labyrinthine layer development P The process in which a chorionic trophoblast cell acquires specialized features of a syncytiotrophoblast of the labyrinthine layer of the placenta.
60716 labyrinthine layer blood vessel development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a blood vessel of the labyrinthine layer of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The embryonic vessels grow through the layer to come in close contact with the maternal blood supply.
60717 chorion development P The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a chorion from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure. The chorion is an extraembryonic membrane.
60718 chorionic trophoblast cell differentiation P The process in which relatively unspecialized cells of the ectoplacental cone acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize chorionic trophoblasts. These cells will migrate towards the spongiotrophoblast layer and give rise to syncytiotrophoblasts of the labyrinthine layer.
60719 chorionic trophoblast cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the chorionic trophoblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.
60720 spongiotrophoblast cell proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of spongiotrophoblast cells, resulting in the expansion of the population in the spongiotrophoblast layer.
60721 regulation of spongiotrophoblast cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of spongiotrophoblast cell proliferation.
60722 cell proliferation involved in embryonic placenta development P The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of the population in the embryonic placenta.
60723 regulation of cell proliferation involved in embryonic placenta development P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cell proliferation involved in embryonic placenta development.
60724 coreceptor activity involved in epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway F Combining with an extracellular messenger, and in cooperation with a primary EGF receptor, initiating a change in cell activity through the EGF receptor signaling pathway.
60725 regulation of coreceptor activity P Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of coreceptor activity, combining with an extracellular or intracellular messenger, and in cooperation with a nearby primary receptor, initiating a change in cell activity.
60726 regulation of coreceptor activity involved in epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of coreceptor activity involved in epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway.
60727 positive regulation of coreceptor activity involved in epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway P Any process that increases the rate or frequency of coreceptor activity involved in epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway.
60728 negative regulation of coreceptor activity involved in epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway P Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of coreceptor activity involved in epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway.
60729 intestinal epithelial structure maintenance P A tissue homeostatic process required for the maintenance of the structure of the intestinal epithelium.
60730 regulation of intestinal epithelial structure maintenance P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of intestinal epithelial structure maintenance, a tissue homeostatic process required for the maintenance of the structure of the intestinal epithelium.
60731 positive regulation of intestinal epithelial structure maintenance P Any process the increases the rate, frequency or extent of intestinal epithelial structure maintenance, a tissue homeostatic process required for the maintenance of the structure of the intestinal epithelium.
60732 positive regulation of inositol phosphate biosynthetic process P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of inositol phosphate biosynthesis. Inositol phosphate biosynthetic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with one or more phosphate groups attached.
60733 regulation of eIF2 alpha phosphorylation by amino acid starvation P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of eIF2 alpha phosphorylation as a cellular response to amino acid starvation.
60734 regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced eIF2 alpha phosphorylation P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of eIF2 alpha phosphorylation as a cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum stress.
60735 regulation of eIF2 alpha phosphorylation by dsRNA P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of eIF2 alpha phosphorylation as a cellular response to double-stranded RNA.
60736 prostate gland growth P The increase in size or mass of the prostate gland where the increase in size or mass has the specific outcome of the progression of the gland, from its formation to its mature state.
60737 prostate gland morphogenetic growth P The differential increase in size or mass of the prostate gland that contributes to the gland attaining its form.
60738 epithelial-mesenchymal signaling involved in prostate gland development P Any process that results in the transfer of information from an epithelial cell to a mesenchymal cell where it is interpreted and contributes to the progression of the prostate gland over time.
60739 mesenchymal-epithelial cell signaling involved in prostate gland development P Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a mesenchymal cell to an epithelial cell where it is received and interpreted contributing to the progression of the prostate gland over time.
60740 prostate gland epithelium morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of epithelia of the prostate gland are generated and organized. An epithelium consists of closely packed cells arranged in one or more layers, that covers the outer surfaces of the body or lines any internal cavity or tube.
60741 prostate gland stromal morphogenesis P The process in which the prostate gland stroma is generated and organized. The prostate gland stroma is made up of the mesenchymal or fibroblast cells of the prostate gland.
60742 epithelial cell differentiation involved in prostate gland development P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell of the prostate gland.
60743 epithelial cell maturation involved in prostate gland development P The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an epithelial cell of the prostate gland to attain its fully functional state. An epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface.
60744 mammary gland branching involved in thelarche P The process in which the branching structure of the mammary gland duct is generated and organized during the period of sexual maturity in mammals. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk.
60745 mammary gland branching involved in pregnancy P The process in which the branching structure of the mammary gland duct is generated and organized as a part of pregnancy.
60746 parental behavior P A reproductive behavior in which a parent cares for and rears offspring.
60747 oral incubation P A parental behavior in which fertilized eggs are taken into the mouth and held until hatching.
60748 tertiary branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis P The branching process in which the mammary gland ducts form tertiary branches off of the secondary branches as part of diestrus and pregnancy.
60749 mammary gland alveolus development P The progression of the mammary gland alveolus over time, from its formation to its mature state. The mammary gland alveolus is a sac-like structure that is found in the mature gland.
60750 epithelial cell proliferation involved in mammary gland duct elongation P The multiplication or reproduction of mammary gland branch epithelial cells, resulting in the elongation of the branch. The mammary gland branch differs from the bud in that it is not the initial curved portion of the outgrowth.
60751 branch elongation involved in mammary gland duct branching P The developmental growth process in which a branch of a mammary gland duct elongates.
60752 intestinal phytosterol absorption P Any process in which phytosterols are taken up from the contents of the intestine.
60753 regulation of mast cell chemotaxis P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of mast cell chemotaxis. Mast cell chemotaxis is the movement of a mast cell in response to an external stimulus.
60754 positive regulation of mast cell chemotaxis P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of mast cell chemotaxis. Mast cell chemotaxis is the movement of a mast cell in response to an external stimulus.
60755 negative regulation of mast cell chemotaxis P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of mast cell chemotaxis. Mast cell chemotaxis is the movement of a mast cell in response to an external stimulus.
60756 foraging behavior P Behavior by which an organism locates food.
60757 adult foraging behavior P Behavior by which an adult locates food.
60758 foraging behavior by probing substrate P Foraging behavior in which an anatomical part of the organism is inserted into the substrate to locate food.
60759 regulation of response to cytokine stimulus P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of a response to cytokine stimulus.
60760 positive regulation of response to cytokine stimulus P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of a response to cytokine stimulus.
60761 negative regulation of response to cytokine stimulus P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of a response to cytokine stimulus.
60762 regulation of branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis.
60763 mammary duct terminal end bud growth P The morphogenetic growth of the large, club-shaped terminal end of a mammary gland duct during prepubertal growth and during puberty.
60764 cell-cell signaling involved in mammary gland development P Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the progression of the mammary gland, from its initial state to the mature structure.
60765 regulation of androgen receptor signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the androgen receptor signaling pathway.
60766 negative regulation of androgen receptor signaling pathway P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the androgen receptor signaling pathway.
60767 epithelial cell proliferation involved in prostate gland development P The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to the progression of the prostate gland over time.
60768 regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in prostate gland development P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of epithelial cell proliferation that contributes to the progression of the prostate gland over time.
60769 positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in prostate gland development P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of epithelial cell proliferation that contributes to the progression of the prostate gland over time.
60770 negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in prostate gland development P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of epithelial cell proliferation that contributes to the progression of the prostate gland over time.
60771 phyllotactic patterning P The radial pattern formation process that results in the formation of plant organs (leaves or leaf-like structures) or flower primordia around a central axis.
60772 leaf phyllotactic patterning P The radial pattern formation process that results in the formation of leaf primordia around the center of a shoot apical meristem.
60773 flower phyllotactic patterning P The radial pattern formation process that results in the formation of floral organ primordia around a central axis in a flower primordium.
60774 auxin mediated signaling pathway involved in phyllotactic patterning P The series of molecular signals generated in response to detection of auxin that contributes to the radial pattern formation process resulting in the formation of leaf or flower primordia around the center of a shoot apical meristem.
60775 planar cell polarity pathway involved in gastrula mediolateral intercalation P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) contributing to the interdigitation of cells along the mediolateral axis during gastrulation.
60776 simple leaf morphogenesis P The leaf morphogenesis process which results in the shaping of a simple leaf. A simple leaf is a leaf in which the lamina is undivided.
60777 compound leaf morphogenesis P The leaf morphogenesis process that results in the shaping of a compound leaf. A compound leaf is a leaf having two or more distinct leaflets that are evident as such from early in development.
60778 primary leaflet morphogenesis P The process in which the primary leaflet attains its shape. A primary leaflet is a leaflet that develops directly from the rachis.
60779 secondary leaflet morphogenesis P The process in which the secondary leaflet attains its shape. A secondary leaflet develops by branching or division of a primary leaflet.
60780 intercalary leaflet morphogenesis P The process in which the intercalary leaflet attains its shape. An intercalary leaflet is a leaflet that develops between primary leaflets.
60781 mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in prostate gland development P The multiplication or reproduction of mesenchymal cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to the progression of the prostate gland over time.
60782 regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in prostate gland development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation that contributes to the progression of the prostate gland over time. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets.
60783 mesenchymal smoothened signaling pathway involved in prostate gland development P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane Smoothened-type protein in the mesenchymal cells of the prostate that contribute to the progression of the prostate over time. This process contributes to lung development.
60784 regulation of cell proliferation involved in tissue homeostasis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation resulting in the maintenance of a steady-state number of cells within a tissue.
60785 regulation of apoptosis involved in tissue homeostasis P Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptosis that results in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a tissue.
60786 regulation of cell differentiation involved in tissue homeostasis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation that contributes to the maintenance of a steady state of a cell type within a tissue.
60787 positive regulation of posterior neural plate formation by fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway P Any process that increases the rate or extent of the formation of the posterior neural plate, the posterior end of the flat, thickened layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate.
60788 ectodermal placode formation P The developmental process in which an ectodermal placode forms. An ectodermal placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that is the primordium of many structures derived from the ectoderm.
60789 hair follicle placode formation P The developmental process in which a hair placode forms. An hair follicle placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the hair follicle bud.
60790 tooth placode formation P The developmental process in which the tooth placode forms. A tooth placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the tooth bud.
60791 sebaceous gland placode formation P The developmental process in which a sebaceous gland placode forms. A sebaceous gland placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the sebaceous gland bud.
60792 sweat gland development P The progression of the sweat gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Sweat glands secrete an aqueous solution that is used in thermoregulation.
60793 sweat gland placode formation P The developmental process in which the sweat gland placode forms. An sweat gland placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the sweat gland bud.
60794 leaflet morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the leaflet are generated and organized.
60795 cell fate commitment involved in formation of primary germ layer P The commitment of cells to specific cell fates of the endoderm, ectoderm, or mesoderm as a part of gastrulation.
60796 regulation of transcription involved in primary germ layer cell fate commitment P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that results in cells adopting an endoderm, ectoderm or mesoderm cell fate.
60797 transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway involved in primary germ layer cell fate commitment P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to an unspecified cell adopting a mesoderm fate.
60798 transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway involved in mesodermal cell fate specification P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a transforming growth factor beta receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands and ultimately resulting in the specification of a mesodermal fate.
60799 transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway involved in endodermal cell fate specification P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a transforming growth factor beta receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands and ultimately resulting in the commitment of an unspecified fate to adopt an endoderm fate.
60800 regulation of cell differentiation involved in embryonic placenta development P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cell differentiation that contributes to the progression of the placenta over time, from its initial condition to its mature state.
60801 negative regulation of trophoblast cell differentiation by transforming growth factor beta signaling pathway P The transforming growth factor signaling process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of trophoblast stem cells differentiating into the more mature cells of the trophoblast.
60802 epiblast cell-extraembryonic ectoderm cell signaling involved in anterior/posterior axis specification P Any process that mediates the transfer of information from an epiblast cell to an extraembryonic ectoderm cell that contributes to the specification of the anterior/posterior axis.
60803 BMP signaling pathway involved in mesodermal cell fate specification P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to a cell becoming specified to adopt a mesodermal fate.
60804 positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway by BMP signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of any member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family binding to a cell surface receptor that results in an increase in the rate, frequency or extent of a Wnt signaling pathway.
60805 negative regulation of trophoblast cell differentiation by transcription regulation from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter ultimately resulting in a decrease in trophoblast stem cells differentiating into the more mature cells of the trophoblast.
60806 negative regulation of cell differentiation involved in embryonic placenta development P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of cell differentiation that contributes to the progression of the placenta over time, from its initial condition to its mature state.
60807 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in definitive endodermal cell fate specification P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that ultimately results in a cell being specified to adopt a definitive endodermal cell fate.
60808 positive regulation of mesodermal to mesenchymal transition involved in gastrulation P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition where a mesodermal cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell as part of the process of gastrulation.
60809 mesodermal to mesenchymal transition involved in gastrulation P The epithelial to mesenchymal transition process in which a mesodermal cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell as part of the process of gastrulation.
60810 intracellular mRNA localization involved in pattern specification process P Any process in which mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location within an oocyte that results in a pattern being established in the embryo.
60811 intracellular mRNA localization involved in anterior/posterior axis specification P Any process in which mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location within the oocyte and/or syncytial embryo that contributes to the specification of the anterior/posterior axis.
60812 orthodenticle mRNA localization P Any process in which orthodenticle mRNA is transported to and maintained in the oocyte and/or syncytial embryo as part of the process that will specify the anterior/posterior axis.
60813 anterior mRNA localization involved in anterior/posterior axis specification P Any process in which a mRNA is transported to, and maintained in the anterior portion of the oocyte and/or syncytial embryo contributing to the specification of the anterior/posterior axis.
60814 posterior mRNA localization involved in anterior/posterior axis specification P Any process in which a mRNA is transported to and maintained in the oocyte and/or syncytial embryo contributing to the specification of the anterior/posterior axis.
60815 regulation of translation involved in anterior/posterior axis specification P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translation of mRNAs that contribute to the specification of the anterior/posterior axis.
60816 random inactivation of X chromosome P Compensating for the two-fold variation in X-chromosome:autosome ratios between sexes by a global inactivation of all, or most of, the genes on either the paternal or maternal X-chromosome in the XX sex.
60817 inactivation of paternal X chromosome P Compensating for the two-fold variation in X-chromosome:autosome ratios between sexes by a global inactivation of all, or most of, the genes specifically on the paternal X-chromosome in the XX sex.
60818 inactivation of paternal X chromosome by genetic imprinting P Compensating for the two-fold variation in X-chromosome:autosome ratios between sexes by a global inactivation of all, or most of, the genes on the paternal X-chromosome in the XX sex by genetic imprinting.
60819 inactivation of X chromosome by genetic imprinting P Compensating for the two-fold variation in X-chromosome:autosome ratios between sexes by a global inactivation of all, or most of, the genes on one of the X-chromosomes in the XX sex by genetic imprinting.
60820 inactivation of X chromosome by heterochromatin assembly P Compensating for the two-fold variation in X-chromosome:autosome ratios between sexes by a global inactivation of all, or most of, the genes on one of the X-chromosomes in the XX sex by the mechanism of heterochromatin formation.
60821 inactivation of X chromosome by DNA methylation P Compensating for the two-fold variation in X-chromosome:autosome ratios between sexes by a global inactivation of all, or most of, the genes on one of the X-chromosomes in the XX sex by a mechanism of DNA methylation.
60822 transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway involved in axial mesodermal cell fate specification P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a transforming growth factor beta receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands and ultimately resulting in the specification of an axial mesodermal fate.
60823 canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that contributes to the formation of the neural plate anterior/posterior pattern.
60824 retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a retinoic acid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to the formation of the anterior/posterior pattern of the neural plate.
60825 fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands contributing to the anterior/posterior pattern of the neural plate.
60826 transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the formation of the neural plate anterior/posterior pattern.
60827 regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of Wnt signaling through beta-catenin that results in the formation of the neural plate anterior/posterior pattern.
60828 regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin, the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.
60829 negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin in the anterior end of the neural plate. This regulation sets up a Wnt signaling gradient along the anterior/posterior axis.
60830 ciliary receptor clustering involved in smoothened signaling pathway P Grouping of smoothened or patched receptors in a cilium, contributing to the smoothened signaling pathway.
60831 smoothened signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened contributing to the dorsal/ventral pattern of the neural tube.
60832 oocyte animal/vegetal axis specification P The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the animal/vegetal axis in the oocyte. The animal/vegetal axis of an oocyte is defined by the placement of the nucleus in the oocyte and can sometimes be identified by the asymmetric placement of other substances such as yolk in the oocyte. The pole of the egg that is closest to the nucleus defines the animal end, with the axis passing through the nucleus.
60833 Wnt signaling pathway involved in animal/vegetal axis specification P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell contributing to the specification of the animal/vegetal axis of an oocyte.
60834 oral/aboral axis specification P The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of a line that delineates the mouth and the anus of an embryo.
60835 transforming growth factor receptor beta signaling pathway involved in oral/aboral axis specification P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the specification of the oral/aboral axis.
60836 lymphatic endothelial cell differentiation P The process in which a venous blood vessel endothelial cell acquires specialized features of a lymphatic vessel endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell that lines the inside surfaces of lymph vessels.
60837 blood vessel endothelial cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a blood vessel endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell that lines the inside surfaces of blood vessels.
60838 lymphatic endothelial cell fate commitment P The commitment of a venous blood vessel endothelial cell to a lymphatic endothelial cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a lymphatic endothelial cell.
60839 endothelial cell fate commitment P The commitment of a cell to an endothelial cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into an endothelial cell.
60840 artery development P The progression of the artery over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. An artery is a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to a capillary bed.
60841 venous blood vessel development P The progression of the venous blood vessel over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. Venous blood vessels carry blood back to the heart after the capillary bed.
60842 arterial endothelial cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized endothelial cell acquires specialized features of an arterial endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell that lines the inside surfaces of arteries.
60843 venous endothelial cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized endothelial cell acquires specialized features of a venous endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell that lines the inside surfaces of veins.
60844 arterial endothelial cell fate commitment P The commitment of a cell to an arterial endothelial cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into an arterial endothelial cell.
60845 venous endothelial cell fate commitment P The commitment of a cell to a venous endothelial cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into an venous endothelial cell.
60846 blood vessel endothelial cell fate commitment P The commitment of a cell to a blood vessel endothelial cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a blood vessel endothelial cell.
60847 endothelial cell fate specification P The process involved in the specification of identity of an endothelial cell. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment.
60848 endothelial cell fate determination P A process involved in cell fate commitment of an endothelial cell. Once determination has taken place, a cell becomes committed to differentiate down a particular pathway regardless of its environment.
60849 regulation of transcription involved in lymphatic endothelial cell fate commitment P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the commitment of a venous endothelial cell to a lymphatic endothelial cell.
60850 regulation of transcription involved in cell fate commitment P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
60851 vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in lymphatic endothelial cell fate commitment P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to the commitment of a venous endothelial cell to a lymphatic endothelial cell fate.
60852 regulation of transcription involved in venous endothelial cell fate commitment P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the commitment of a cell to a specific fate and contributes to a cell adopting a venous endothelial cell fate.
60853 Notch signaling pathway involved in arterial endothelial cell fate commitment P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell and contributing to the commitment of a cell to an arterial endothelial cell fate.
60854 branching involved in lymph vessel morphogenesis P The process of the coordinated growth and sprouting of lymph vessels giving rise to the organized lymphatic system.
60855 venous endothelial cell migration involved in lymph vessel development P The orderly movement of venous endothelial cells out of the veins giving rise to the precursors of lymphatic endothelial cells.
60856 establishment of blood-brain barrier P Establishment of the barrier between the blood and the brain. The cells in the brain are packed tightly together preventing the passage of most molecules from the blood into the brain. Only lipid soluble molecules or those that are actively transported can pass through the blood-brain barrier.
60857 establishment of glial blood-brain barrier P Establishment of the glial barrier between the blood and the brain. The glial cells in the brain are packed tightly together preventing the passage of most molecules from the blood into the brain. Only lipid soluble molecules or those that are actively transported can pass through the blood-brain barrier.
60858 vesicle-mediated transport involved in floral organ abscission P The directed movement of substances within a cell by a cellular process that begins with the formation of membrane-bounded vesicles in which the transported substances are enclosed or located in the vesicle membrane which are then targeted to, and fuse with, an acceptor membrane contributing to the shedding of a floral organ.
60859 regulation of vesicle-mediated transport involved in floral organ abscission P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the directed movement of substances within a cell by a cellular process that begins with the formation of membrane-bounded vesicles in which the transported substances are enclosed or located in the vesicle membrane which are then targeted to, and fuse with, an acceptor membrane contributing to the shedding of a floral organ.
60860 regulation of floral organ abscission P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of floral organ abscission, the controlled shedding of floral organs.
60861 positive regulation of floral organ abscission P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of floral organ shedding, the controlled shedding of floral organs.
60862 negative regulation of floral organ abscission P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of floral organ abscission, the controlled shedding of floral organs.
60863 regulation of floral organ abscission by signal transduction P The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately modulating the rate, or extent of floral organ abscission.
60864 positive regulation of floral organ abscission by small GTPase mediated signal transduction P Any series of molecular signals in which a small monomeric GTPase relays one or more of the signals that increases the rate or extent of floral organ abscission.
60865 negative regulation of floral organ abscission by transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a transmembrane receptor serine/threonine kinase binding to its physiological ligand and contributing to the decrease in the rate or frequency of floral organ abscission.
60866 leaf abscission P The controlled shedding of a leaf.
60867 fruit abscission P The controlled shedding of a fruit.
60868 regulation of vesicle-mediated transport involved in floral organ abscission by small GTPase mediated signal transduction P Any series of molecular signals in which a small monomeric GTPase relays one or more of the signals that modulates the rate or extent of floral organ abscission.
60869 transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway involved in floral organ abscission P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses serine/threonine kinase activity, which contributes to the process of floral organ abscission.
60870 cell wall disassembly involved in floral organ abscission P A cellular process that results in the breakdown of the cell wall that contributes to the process of floral organ abscission.
60872 semicircular canal development P The progression of the semicircular canal from its initial formation to the mature structure.
60873 anterior semicircular canal development P The progession of the anterior semicircular canal from its initial formation to the mature structure.
60874 posterior semicircular canal development P The progession of the posterior semicircular canal from its initial formation to the mature structure.
60875 lateral semicircular canal development P The progession of the lateral semicircular canal from its initial formation to the mature structure.
60876 semicircular canal formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the semicircular canal from the otic vesicle. This process begins with the regionalization of the vesicle that specifies the area where the vesicles will form and continues through the process of fusion which forms the initial tubes.
60877 regionalization involved in semicircular canal formation P The pattern specification process that results in the subdivision of the otic epithelium in space to define an area or volume in which cells will differentiate to give rise to the semicircular canals.
60878 pouch outgrowth involved in semicircular canal formation P The morphogenetic process in which an epithelial sheet bends along a linear axis and gives rise to a pouch that will form a semicircular canal.
60879 semicircular canal fusion P Creation of the central hole of the semicircular canal by sealing the edges of the pouch that forms ruing the process of semicircular canal formation.
60880 cell morphogenesis involved in semicircular canal fusion P The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when a semicircular canal epithelial cell acquires the structural features that allow it to contribute to the process of semicircular canal fusion.
60881 basal lamina disassembly P A process that results in the breakdown of the basal lamina.
60882 basal lamina disassembly involved in semicircular canal fusion P A process that results in the breakdown of the basal lamina that contributes to the process of semicircular canal fusion.
60883 regulation of basal lamina disassembly involved in semicircular canal fusion by cell communication P Any process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings that modulates of the rate, frequency or extent of basal lamina disassembly involved in semicircular canal fusion.
60884 clearance of cells from fusion plate P The morphogenetic process in which cells are removed from the inner loop of a semicircular canal.
60885 clearance of cells from fusion plate by apoptotic process P Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the semicircular canal by removing cells in the fusion plate, forming the loops of the canals.
60886 clearance of cells from fusion plate by epithelial to mesenchymal transition P The process of epithelial to mesenchymal transition that contributes to the shaping of the semicircular canal by effectively removing epithelial cells from the fusion plate, forming the loops of the canals.
60887 limb epidermis development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the epidermis of the limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The limb epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of the limb, it is a complex stratified squamous epithelium.
60888 limb epidermis stratification P The pattern specification process that results in the subdivision of the epidermis of the limb in space to define a volume in which specific patterns of basal cell, spinous cell and granular cells will differentiate giving rise to the layers of the limb epidermis.
60889 limb basal epidermal cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a limb epidermal basal cell. A epidermal basal cell cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into more specialized cell of the limb epidermis.
60890 limb spinous cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a limb epidermal spinous cell.
60891 limb granular cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a limb epidermal granular cell.
60892 limb basal epidermal cell fate specification P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an limb basal epidermal cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
60893 limb granular cell fate specification P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an limb granular cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
60894 limb spinous cell fate specification P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a limb spinous cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
60895 retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway involved in spinal cord dorsal/ventral patterning P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a retinoic acid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to the dorsal ventral patterning of the spinal cord.
60896 neural plate pattern specification P The developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the neural plate to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.
60897 neural plate regionalization P The pattern specification process that results in the subdivision of an axis or axes of the neural plate in space to define an area or volume in which specific patterns of cell differentiation will take place or in which cells interpret a specific environment.
60898 eye field cell fate commitment involved in camera-type eye formation P The commitment of neurectodermal cells to cells of the eye field and their capacity to differentiate into eye field cells. Eye field cells are neurectodermal cells that will form the optic placode.
60899 regulation of transcription involved in eye field cell fate commitment of camera-type eye P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the commitment of a neurectodermal cell to a specialized neurectodermal cell that will give rise to the optic vesicle.
60900 embryonic camera-type eye formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a camera-type eye from unspecified neurectoderm. This process begins with the differentiation of cells that form the optic field and ends when the optic cup has attained its shape.
60901 regulation of hair cycle by canonical Wnt signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the hair cycle.
60902 regulation of hair cycle by BMP signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of any member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family binding to a cell surface receptor that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the hair cycle.
60903 positive regulation of meiosis I P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of meiosis I, a cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through the first phase of meiosis, in which cells divide and homologous chromosomes are paired and segregated from each other, producing two daughter cells.
60904 regulation of protein folding in endoplasmic reticulum P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the protein folding process that takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Secreted, plasma membrane and organelle proteins are folded in the ER, assisted by chaperones and foldases (protein disulphide isomerases), and additional factors required for optimal folding (ATP, Ca2+ and an oxidizing environment to allow disulfide bond formation).
60905 regulation of induction of conjugation upon nitrogen starvation P Any process that modulates the frequency of induction of conjugation upon nitrogen starvation, the process in which a cell initiates conjugation with cellular fusion upon nitrogen starvation.
60906 negative regulation of chromatin silencing by small RNA P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin silencing by small RNA. Chromatin silencing by small RNA is the repression of transcription by conversion of large regions of DNA into heterochromatin, directed by small RNAs sharing sequence identity to the repressed region.
60907 positive regulation of macrophage cytokine production P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage cytokine production. Macrophage cytokine production is the appearance of a chemokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
60908 plasmid copy number maintenance P The maintenance of the number of copies of extrachromosomal plasmid DNA.
60909 regulation of DNA replication initiation involved in plasmid copy number maintenance P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of initiation of plasmid DNA replication that contributes to copy number maintenance.
60910 negative regulation of DNA replication initiation involved in plasmid copy number maintenance P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of initiation of plasmid DNA replication that contributes to copy number maintenance.
60911 cardiac cell fate commitment P The commitment of cells to specific cardiac cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into cardiac cells. Cardiac cells are cells that comprise the organ which pumps blood through the circulatory system.
60912 cardiac cell fate specification P The process involved in the specification of cardiac cell identity. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment.
60913 cardiac cell fate determination P The process involved in cardiac cell fate commitment. Once determination has taken place, a cell becomes committed to differentiate down a particular pathway regardless of its environment.
60914 heart formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the heart from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the heart field and the arrival of cardiac neural crest to the heart region. The process ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.
60915 mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in lung development P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal cell of the lung. A mesenchymal cell is a loosely associated cell that is part of the connective tissue in an organism. Mesenchymal cells give rise to more mature connective tissue cell types.
60916 mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development P The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population that contributes to the progression of the lung over time. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets.
60917 regulation of (1->6)-beta-D-glucan biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->6)-beta-D-glucans.
60918 auxin transport P The directed movement of auxin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
60919 auxin influx P The process involved in the transport of auxin into the cell.
60920 cardiac pacemaker cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a pacemaker cell. Pacemaker cells are specialized cardiomyocytes that are responsible for regulating the timing of heart contractions.
60921 sinoatrial node cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a sinoatrial (SA) node cell. SA node cells are pacemaker cells that are found in the sinoatrial node.
60922 atrioventricular node cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an atrioventricular (AV) node cell. AV node cells are pacemaker cells that are found in the atrioventricular node.
60923 cardiac muscle cell fate commitment P The commitment of cells to specific cardiac muscle cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into cardiac muscle cells. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction.
60924 atrial cardiac muscle cell fate commitment P The commitment of cells to atrial cardiac muscle cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into cardiac muscle cells of the atrium. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction.
60925 ventricular cardiac muscle cell fate commitment P The commitment of cells to ventricular cardiac muscle cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into cardiac muscle cells of the ventricle. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction.
60926 cardiac pacemaker cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pacemaker cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. Pacemaker cells are specialized cardiomyocytes that are responsible for regulating the timing of heart contractions.
60927 cardiac pacemaker cell fate commitment P The commitment of cells to pacemaker cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into pacemaker cells. Pacemaker cells are specialized cardiomyocytes that are responsible for regulating the timing of heart contractions.
60928 atrioventricular node cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an atrioventricular (AV) node cell over time, from its formation to the mature state.
60929 atrioventricular node cell fate commitment P The commitment of cells to atrioventricular (AV) node cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into AV node cells.
60930 sinoatrial node cell fate commitment P The commitment of cells to sinoatrial (SA) node cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into SA node cells. SA node cells are pacemaker cells that are found in the sinoatrial node.
60931 sinoatrial node cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a sinoatrial (SA) node cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. SA node cells are pacemaker cells that are found in the sinoatrial node.
60932 His-Purkinje system cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cell of the His-Purkinje system. These cells form the fibers regulate cardiac muscle contraction in the ventricles.
60933 His-Purkinje system cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a His-Purkinje cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. These cells form the fibers that regulate cardiac muscle contraction in the ventricles.
60934 His-Purkinje system cell fate commitment P The commitment of cells to His-Purkinje cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into His-Purkinje cells. These cells form the fibers that regulate cardiac muscle contraction in the ventricles.
60935 cardiac fibroblast cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardiac fibroblast. A cardiac fibroblast is a connective tissue cell in the heart which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.
60936 cardiac fibroblast cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac fibroblast over time, from its formation to the mature state. A cardiac fibroblast is a connective tissue cell of the heart which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.
60937 cardiac fibroblast cell fate commitment P The commitment of cells to a cardiac fibroblast fate and their capacity to differentiate into cardiac fibroblast cells. A cardiac fibroblast is a connective tissue cell in the heart which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.
60938 epicardium-derived cardiac fibroblast cell differentiation P The process in which an epicardial cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardiac fibroblast. A cardiac fibroblast is a connective tissue cell in the heart which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.
60939 epicardium-derived cardiac fibroblast cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epicardial-derived cardiac fibroblast over time, from its formation to the mature state. A epicardial-derived cardiac fibroblast is a connective tissue cell of the heart that arises from the epicardium and secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.
60940 epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in cardiac fibroblast development P A transition where an epicardial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will mature into a cardiac fibroblast.
60941 epicardium-derived cardiac fibroblast cell fate commitment P The commitment of an epicardial cell to a cardiac fibroblast cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a cardiac fibroblast. A cardiac fibroblast is a connective tissue cell in the heart which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.
60942 neural crest-derived cardiac fibroblast cell differentiation P The process in which a neural crest cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardiac fibroblast. A cardiac fibroblast is a connective tissue cell in the heart which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.
60943 neural crest-derived cardiac fibroblast cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac fibroblast over time, from its formation from a neural crest cell to the mature state. A cardiac fibroblast is a connective tissue cell of the heart which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.
60944 neural crest-derived cardiac fibroblast cell fate commitment P The commitment of neural crest cells to a cardiac fibroblast fate and their capacity to differentiate into cardiac fibroblast cells. A cardiac fibroblast is a connective tissue cell in the heart which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.
60945 cardiac neuron differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron of the heart.
60946 cardiac blood vessel endothelial cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a blood vessel endothelial cell of the heart. Blood vessel endothelial cells are thin flattened cells that line the inside surfaces of blood vessels.
60947 cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell. A cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell covers the heart vasculature and lacks transverse striations in its constituent fibers.
60948 cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state.
60949 cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell fate commitment P The commitment of cells to a cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell.
60950 cardiac glial cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a glial cell of the heart.
60951 neural crest-derived cardiac glial cell differentiation P The process in which a neural crest cell acquires the specialized features of a glial cell of the heart.
60952 cardiac glial cell development P The process aimed at the progression of a cardiac glial cell over time, from its formation to the fully functional mature cell.
60953 cardiac glial cell fate commitment P The commitment of cells to cardiac glial cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into cardiac glial cells.
60954 neural crest-derived cardiac glial cell development P The process aimed at the progression of a neural crest-derived cardiac glial cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
60955 neural crest-derived cardiac glial cell fate commitment P The commitment of neural crest cells to cardiac glial cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into cardiac glial cells.
60956 endocardial cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of an endocardial cell. An endocardial cell is a specialized endothelial cell that makes up the endocardium portion of the heart. The endocardium is the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers.
60957 endocardial cell fate commitment P The commitment of a cell to an endocardial cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into an endocardial cell. An endocardial cell is a specialized endothelial cell that makes up the endocardium portion of the heart.
60958 endocardial cell development P The progression of an endocardial cell over time, from its formation to the mature cell. An endocardial cell is a specialized endothelial cell that makes up the endocardium portion of the heart.
60959 cardiac neuron development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac neuron over time, from its formation to the mature state.
60960 cardiac neuron fate commitment P The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a neuron of the heart.
60961 phospholipase D inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a phospholipase D, an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction: a phosphatidylcholine + H2O = choline + a phosphatidate.
60962 regulation of ribosomal protein gene transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of RNA from ribosomal protein genes by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter.
60963 positive regulation of ribosomal protein gene transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of RNA from ribosomal protein genes by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter.
60964 regulation of gene silencing by miRNA P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the downregulation of gene expression through the action of microRNAs (miRNAs), endogenous 21-24 nucleotide small RNAs processed from stem-loop RNA precursors (pre-miRNAs). Once incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), miRNAs can downregulate gene expression by either of two posttranscriptional mechanisms: mRNA cleavage or translational repression.
60965 negative regulation of gene silencing by miRNA P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the downregulation of gene expression through the action of microRNAs (miRNAs), endogenous 21-24 nucleotide small RNAs processed from stem-loop RNA precursors (pre-miRNAs). Once incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), miRNAs can downregulate gene expression by either of two posttranscriptional mechanisms: mRNA cleavage or translational repression.
60966 regulation of gene silencing by RNA P Any process that regulates the rate, frequency, or extent of gene silencing by RNA. Gene silencing by RNA is the process in which RNA molecules inactivate expression of target genes.
60967 negative regulation of gene silencing by RNA P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of gene silencing by RNA. Gene silencing by RNA is the process in which RNA molecules inactivate expression of target genes.
60968 regulation of gene silencing P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of gene silencing, the transcriptional or post-transcriptional process carried out at the cellular level that results in long-term gene inactivation.
60969 negative regulation of gene silencing P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of gene silencing, the transcriptional or post-transcriptional process carried out at the cellular level that results in long-term gene inactivation.
60970 embryonic heart tube dorsal/ventral pattern formation P The regionalization process in which the areas along the dorsal/ventral axis of the embryonic heart tube are established. This process will determine the patterns of cell differentiation along the axis.
60971 embryonic heart tube left/right pattern formation P The pattern specification process that results in the subdivision of the left/right axis of the embryonic heart tube in space to define an area or volume in which specific patterns of cell differentiation will take place.
60972 left/right pattern formation P The pattern specification process that results in the subdivision of the left/right axis in space to define an area or volume in which specific patterns of cell differentiation will take place or in which cells interpret a specific environment.
60973 cell migration involved in heart development P The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that will contribute to the progression of the heart over time, from its initial formation, to the mature organ.
60974 cell migration involved in heart formation P The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that contribute to the formation of the heart. The initial heart structure is made up of mesoderm-derived heart progenitor cells and neural crest-derived cells.
60975 cardioblast migration to the midline involved in heart field formation P The orderly movement of a cardioblast toward the midline to form the heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.
60976 coronary vasculature development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the blood vessels of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
60977 coronary vasculature morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of blood vessels of the heart are generated and organized. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood.
60978 angiogenesis involved in coronary vascular morphogenesis P Blood vessel formation in the heart when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels.
60979 vasculogenesis involved in coronary vascular morphogenesis P The differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells that contributes to blood vessel development in the heart, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes.
60980 cell migration involved in coronary vasculogenesis P The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that will contribute to the differentiation of an endothelial cell that will form the blood vessels of the heart.
60981 cell migration involved in coronary angiogenesis P The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that will contribute to the formation of new blood vessels in the heart from pre-existing blood vessels.
60982 coronary artery morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of coronary arteries are generated and organized. Coronary arteries are blood vessels that transport blood to the heart muscle.
60983 epicardium-derived cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell derived from the epicardium acquires specialized features of a cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell. A cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell covers the heart vasculature and lacks transverse striations in its constituent fibers.
60984 epicardium-derived cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell that was derived from the epicardium over time, from its formation to the mature state.
60985 epicardium-derived cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell fate commitment P The commitment of an epicardial cell to a cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell.
60986 endocrine hormone secretion P The regulated release of a hormone into the circulatory system.
60987 lipid tube C A macromolecular complex that contains a tube of lipid surrounded by a protein coat.
60988 lipid tube assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a macromolecular complex that contains a tube of lipid surrounded by a protein coat involved in membrane shaping of vesicle membranes as they fuse or undergo fission.
60989 lipid tube assembly involved in organelle fusion P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a macromolecular complex that contains a tube of lipid surrounded by a protein coat involved in membrane shaping of vesicle membranes as organelles fuse.
60990 lipid tube assembly involved in organelle fission P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a macromolecular complex that contains a tube of lipid surrounded by a protein coat involved in membrane shaping of vesicle membranes as organelles undergo fission.
60992 response to fungicide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fungicide stimulus. Fungicides are chemicals used to kill fungi.
60993 kidney morphogenesis P Morphogenesis of a kidney. A kidney is an organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.
60994 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in kidney development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the branching morphogenesis by which the kidney progresses from its initial formation to the mature state.
60995 cell-cell signaling involved in kidney development P Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the progression of the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature organ.
60996 dendritic spine development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendritic spine over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A dendritic spine is a protrusion from a dendrite and a specialized subcellular compartment involved in synaptic transmission.
60997 dendritic spine morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic spine are generated and organized. A dendritic spine is a protrusion from a dendrite and a specialized subcellular compartment involved in synaptic transmission.
60998 regulation of dendritic spine development P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendritic spine over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
60999 positive regulation of dendritic spine development P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendritic spine over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
61000 negative regulation of dendritic spine development P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendritic spine over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
61001 regulation of dendritic spine morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic spine are generated and organized. A dendritic spine is a protrusion from a dendrite and a specialized subcellular compartment involved in synaptic transmission.
61002 negative regulation of dendritic spine morphogenesis P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic spine are generated and organized. A dendritic spine is a protrusion from a dendrite and a specialized subcellular compartment involved in synaptic transmission.
61003 positive regulation of dendritic spine morphogenesis P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic spine are generated and organized. A dendritic spine is a protrusion from a dendrite and a specialized subcellular compartment involved in synaptic transmission.
61004 pattern specification involved in kidney development P Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the kidney to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.
61005 cell differentiation involved in kidney development P The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
61006 regulation of cell proliferation involved in kidney morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation that contributes to the shaping of the kidney.
61007 hepaticobiliary system process P An system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the hepaticobiliary system. The hepaticobiliary system is responsible for metabolic and catabolic processing of small molecules absorbed from the blood or gut, hormones and serum proteins, detoxification, storage of glycogen, triglycerides, metals and lipid soluble vitamins and excretion of bile. Included are the synthesis of albumin, blood coagulation factors, complement, and specific binding proteins.
61008 hepaticobiliary system development P The progression of the hepaticobiliary system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The hepaticobiliary system is responsible for metabolic and catabolic processing of small molecules absorbed from the blood or gut, hormones and serum proteins, detoxification, storage of glycogen, triglycerides, metals and lipid soluble vitamins and excretion of bile. Included are the synthesis of albumin, blood coagulation factors, complement, and specific binding proteins.
61009 common bile duct development P The progression of the common bile duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The common bile duct is formed from the joining of the common hepatic duct running from the liver, and the cystic duct running from the gall bladder. The common bile duct transports bile from the liver and gall bladder to the intestine.
61010 gall bladder development P The progression of the gall bladder over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The gall bladder is a cavitated organ that stores bile.
61011 hepatic duct development P The progression of the hepatic duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The hepatic duct is the duct that leads from the liver to the common bile duct.
61013 regulation of mRNA catabolic process P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of a mRNA catabolic process, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage.
61014 positive regulation of mRNA catabolic process P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of a mRNA catabolic process, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage.
61015 snRNA import into nucleus P The directed movement of snRNA, small nuclear ribonucleic acid into the nucleus.
61016 snRNA import into Cajal body P The directed movement of snRNA, small nuclear ribonucleic acid, into a Cajal body.
61017 hepatoblast differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hepatoblast. A hepatoblast is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into hepatocytes and cholangiocytes.
61024 membrane organization P A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a membrane. A membrane is a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins.
61025 membrane fusion P The membrane organization process that joins two lipid bilayers to form a single membrane.
61026 cardiac muscle tissue regeneration P The regrowth of cardiac muscle tissue to repair injured or damaged muscle fibers in the postnatal stage.
61027 umbilical cord development P The process whose specific outcome is the development of the umbilical cord, from its formation to the mature structure. The umbilical cord is an organ or embryonic origin consisting of the 2 umbilical arteries and the one umbilical vein. The umbilical cord connects the cardiovascular system of the fetus to the mother via the placenta.
61028 establishment of endothelial barrier P The establishment of a barrier between endothelial cell layers, such as those in the brain, lung or intestine, to exert specific and selective control over the passage of water and solutes, thus allowing formation and maintenance of compartments that differ in fluid and solute composition.
61029 eyelid development in camera-type eye P The progression of the eyelid in a camera-type eye from its formation to the mature state. The eyelid is a membranous cover that helps protect and lubricate the eye.
61030 epithelial cell differentiation involved in mammary gland alveolus development P The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell becomes a more specialized epithelial cell of the mammary gland alveolus.
61031 endodermal digestive tract morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the endodermal digestive tract are generated and organized. The endodermal digestive tract includes those portions of the digestive tract that are derived from endoderm.
61032 visceral serous pericardium development P The progression of the visceral serous pericardium from its formation to the mature structure. The visceral serous pericardium is the inner layer of the pericardium.
61033 secretion by lung epithelial cell involved in lung growth P The controlled release of liquid by a lung epithelial cell that contributes to an increase in size of the lung as part of its development.
61034 olfactory bulb mitral cell layer development P The progression of the olfactory bulb mitral cell layer over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The mitral cell layer is composed of pyramidal neurons whose cell bodies are located between the granule cell layer and the plexiform layer.
61035 regulation of cartilage development P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cartilage development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.
61036 positive regulation of cartilage development P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of cartilage development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.
61037 negative regulation of cartilage development P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of cartilage development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.
61038 uterus morphogenesis P The process in which anatomical structures of the uterus are generated and organized.
61040 female gonad morphogenesis P The process in which a female gonad is generated and organized.
61041 regulation of wound healing P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury.
61042 vascular wound healing P Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to damaged vasculature.
61043 regulation of vascular wound healing P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to damaged vasculature.
61044 negative regulation of vascular wound healing P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to damaged vasculature.
61045 negative regulation of wound healing P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury.
61046 regulation of branching involved in lung morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the process in which a highly ordered sequence of patterning events generates the branched structures of the lung, consisting of reiterated combinations of bud outgrowth, elongation, and dichotomous subdivision of terminal units.
61047 positive regulation of branching involved in lung morphogenesis P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the process in which a highly ordered sequence of patterning events generates the branched structures of the lung, consisting of reiterated combinations of bud outgrowth, elongation, and dichotomous subdivision of terminal units.
61048 negative regulation of branching involved in lung morphogenesis P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the process in which a highly ordered sequence of patterning events generates the branched structures of the lung, consisting of reiterated combinations of bud outgrowth, elongation, and dichotomous subdivision of terminal units.
61049 cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development P The growth of a cardiac muscle cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from its initial formation to its mature state.
61050 regulation of cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the growth of a cardiac muscle cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from its initial formation to its mature state.
61051 positive regulation of cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the growth of a cardiac muscle cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from its initial formation to its mature state.
61052 negative regulation of cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the growth of a cardiac muscle cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from its initial formation to its mature state.
61053 somite development P The progression of a somite from its initial formation to the mature structure. Somites are mesodermal clusters that are arranged segmentally along the anterior posterior axis of an embryo.
61054 dermatome development P The progression of the dermatome over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The dermatome is the portion of a somite that will form skin.
61055 myotome development P The progression of the myotome over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The myotome is the portion of the somite that will give rise to muscle.
61056 sclerotome development P The progression of the sclerotome over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The sclerotome is the portion of the somite that will give rise to a vertebra.
61057 peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by binding of peptidoglycan to a receptor on the surface of the target cell and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process. The main outcome of the Imd signaling is the production of antimicrobial peptides.
61058 regulation of peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway.
61059 positive regulation of peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway.
61060 negative regulation of peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway.
61061 muscle structure development P The progression of a muscle structure over time, from its formation to its mature state. Muscle structures are contractile cells, tissues or organs that are found in multicellular organisms.
61062 regulation of nematode larval development P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of nematode larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nematode larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew.
61063 positive regulation of nematode larval development P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of nematode larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nematode larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew.
61064 negative regulation of nematode larval development P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of nematode larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nematode larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew.
61065 regulation of dauer larval development P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of dauer larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dauer larva over time, through the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage, with specialized traits adapted for dispersal and long-term survival, with elevated stress resistance and without feeding.
61066 positive regulation of dauer larval development P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of dauer larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dauer larva over time, through the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage, with specialized traits adapted for dispersal and long-term survival, with elevated stress resistance and without feeding.
61067 negative regulation of dauer larval development P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of dauer larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dauer larva over time, through the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage, with specialized traits adapted for dispersal and long-term survival, with elevated stress resistance and without feeding.
61068 urethra development P The progression of the urethra over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The urethra is a renal system organ that carries urine from the bladder to outside the body.
61069 male urethra development P The progression of the male urethra over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The male urethra is a renal system organ that carries urine from the bladder through the penis to outside the body.
61070 female urethra development P The progression of the female urethra over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The female urethra is a renal system organ that carries urine from the bladder to outside the body, exiting above the vaginal opening.
61071 urethra epithelium development P The progression of the urethra epithelium over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The urethra is a renal system organ that carries urine from the bladder to outside the body. The epithelium is the tubular, planar layer of cells through which the urine passes.
61072 iris morphogenesis P The process in which the iris is generated and organized. The iris is an anatomical structure in the eye whose opening forms the pupil. The iris is responsible for controlling the diameter and size of the pupil and the amount of light reaching the retina.
61073 ciliary body morphogenesis P The process in which the ciliary body generated and organized. The ciliary body is the circumferential tissue inside the eye composed of the ciliary muscle and ciliary processes.
61074 regulation of neural retina development P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of neural retina development, the progression of the neural retina over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The neural retina is the part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells.
61075 positive regulation of neural retina development P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of neural retina development, the progression of the neural retina over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The neural retina is the part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells.
61076 negative regulation of neural retina development P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of neural retina development, the progression of the neural retina over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The neural retina is the part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells.
61077 chaperone-mediated protein folding P The process of inhibiting aggregation and assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single chain polypeptides or multisubunit complexes into the correct tertiary structure that is dependent on interaction with a chaperone.
61078 positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion involved in immune response P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a prostaglandin from a cell and contributes to the immune response.
61079 left horn of sinus venosus development P The progression of the left horn of the sinus venosus from its initial formation to the mature structure.
61080 right horn of sinus venosus development P The progression of the right horn of the sinus venosus from its formation to the mature structure.
61081 positive regulation of myeloid leukocyte cytokine production involved in immune response P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the production of a cytokine that contributes to the immune response.
61082 myeloid leukocyte cytokine production P Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a myeloid cell.
61083 regulation of protein refolding P Any process that regulates the rate, frequency, or extent of protein refolding. Protein refolding is the process carried out by a cell that restores the biological activity of an unfolded or misfolded protein, using helper proteins such as chaperones.
61084 negative regulation of protein refolding P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein refolding. Protein refolding is the process carried out by a cell that restores the biological activity of an unfolded or misfolded protein, using helper proteins such as chaperones.
61085 regulation of histone H3-K27 methylation P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of histone H3-K27 methylation. Histone H3-K27 methylation is the modification of histone H3 by addition of a methyl group to lysine at position 27 of the histone.
61086 negative regulation of histone H3-K27 methylation P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of histone H3-K27 methylation. Histone H3-K27 methylation is the modification of histone H3 by addition of a methyl group to lysine at position 27 of the histone.
61087 positive regulation of histone H3-K27 methylation P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of histone H3-K27 methylation. Histone H3-K27 methylation is the modification of histone H3 by addition of a methyl group to lysine at position 27 of the histone.
61088 regulation of sequestering of zinc ion P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of sequestering of zinc ion. Sequestering of zinc ion is the process of binding or confining zinc ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.
61089 negative regulation of sequestering of zinc ion P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of sequestering of zinc ion. Sequestering of zinc ion is the process of binding or confining zinc ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.
61090 positive regulation of sequestering of zinc ion P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of sequestering of zinc ion. Sequestering of zinc ion is the process of binding or confining zinc ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.
61091 regulation of phospholipid translocation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the translocation, or flipping, of phospholipid molecules from one monolayer of a membrane bilayer to the opposite monolayer.
61092 positive regulation of phospholipid translocation P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the translocation, or flipping, of phospholipid molecules from one monolayer of a membrane bilayer to the opposite monolayer.
61093 negative regulation of phospholipid translocation P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the translocation, or flipping, of phospholipid molecules from one monolayer of a membrane bilayer to the opposite monolayer.
61094 regulation of turning behavior involved in mating P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of turning behavior involved in mating. Turning behavior is the sharp ventral turn performed by the male as he approaches either the hermaphrodite head or tail, whilst trying to locate his partner's vulva. Turning occurs via a sharp ventral coil of the male's tail.
61095 positive regulation of turning behavior involved in mating P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of turning behavior involved in mating. Turning behavior is the sharp ventral turn performed by the male as he approaches either the hermaphrodite head or tail, whilst trying to locate his partner's vulva. Turning occurs via a sharp ventral coil of the male's tail.
61096 negative regulation of turning behavior involved in mating P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of turning behavior involved in mating. Turning behavior is the sharp ventral turn performed by the male as he approaches either the hermaphrodite head or tail, whilst trying to locate his partner's vulva. Turning occurs via a sharp ventral coil of the male's tail.
61097 regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of protein tyrosine kinase activity.
61098 positive regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein tyrosine kinase activity.
61099 negative regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein tyrosine kinase activity.
61100 lung neuroendocrine cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuroendocrine cell of the lung epithelium.
61101 neuroendocrine cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a neuroendocrine cell. A neuroendocrine cell is a cell that receives input form a neuron which controls the secretion of an endocrine substance.
61102 stomach neuroendocrine cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuroendocrine cell of the stomach epithelium.
61103 carotid body glomus cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a glomus cell of the carotid body. The carotid body is a specialized chemosensory organ that helps respond to hypoxia.
61104 adrenal chromaffin cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of an adrenal chromaffin cell. An adrenal chromaffin cell is a neuroendocrine cell that stores epinephrine secretory vesicles.
61105 regulation of stomach neuroendocrine cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the differentiation of a neuroendocrine cell in the stomach.
61106 negative regulation of stomach neuroendocrine cell differentiation P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the differentiation of a neuroendocrine cell in the stomach.
61107 seminal vesicle development P The progression of the seminal vesicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The seminal vesicle is a gland that contributes to the production of semen.
61108 seminal vesicle epithelium development P The progression of the seminal vesicle epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
61109 dense core granule organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a dense core granule. A dense core granule is a secretory organelle found in endocrine cells.
61110 dense core granule biogenesis P A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a dense core granule. Includes biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the dense core granule.
61111 epithelial-mesenchymal cell signaling involved in lung development P Any process that results in the transfer of information from an epithelial cell to a mesenchymal cell and contributes to the progression of the lung over time from its initial formation to the mature organ.
61112 negative regulation of bud outgrowth involved in lung branching P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of bud outgrowth involved in lung branching.
61113 pancreas morphogenesis P Morphogenesis of the pancreas. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized.
61114 branching involved in pancreas morphogenesis P The process in which the branches of the pancreas are generated and organized.
61115 lung proximal/distal axis specification P The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the proximal/distal axis of the lung. The proximal/distal axis of the lung is defined by a line that runs from the trachea to the alveoli.
61116 ductus venosus closure P The morphogenesis process in which the ductus venosus changes to no longer permit blood flow after birth.
61117 negative regulation of heart growth P Any process that decreases the rate or extent of heart growth. Heart growth is the increase in size or mass of the heart.
61118 regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP.
61119 regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP by chlorinated alkylphenone P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP by the action of a chlorinated alkylphenone. An alkylphenone is an aromatic polyketide with methyl and chlorine substitutions.
61120 regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP by DIF-1 P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP by the action of DIF-1. DIF-1 is a chlorinated alkylphenone.
61121 regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP by DIF-2 P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP by the action of DIF-2. DIF-2 is a chlorinated alkylphenone.
61122 positive regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP.
61123 negative regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP.
61124 positive regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP by chlorinated alkylphenone P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP by the action of a chlorinated alkylphenone. An alkylphenone is an aromatic polyketide with methyl and chlorine substitutions.
61125 negative regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP by chlorinated alkylphenone P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP by the action of a chlorinated alkylphenone. An alkylphenone is an aromatic polyketide with methyl and chlorine substitutions.
61126 positive regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP by DIF-1 P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP by the action of DIF-1. DIF-1 is a chlorinated alkylphenone.
61127 negative regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP by DIF-1 P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP by the action of DIF-1. DIF-1 is a chlorinated alkylphenone.
61128 positive regulation of chemotaxis to cAMP by DIF-2 P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP by the action of DIF-2. DIF-2 is a chlorinated alkylphenone.
61129 negative regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP by DIF-2 P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP by the action of DIF-2. DIF-2 is a chlorinated alkylphenone.
61130 pancreatic bud formation P The morphogenetic process in which the foregut region specified to become the pancreas forms a bud.
61131 pancreas field specification P The process in which a specific region of the gut is delineated into the area in which the pancreas will develop.
61132 pancreas induction P The close range interaction of two or more cells or tissues that causes the cells of the gut to change their fates and specify the development of the pancreas.
61133 endopeptidase activator activity F Increases the activity of an endopeptidase, any enzyme that hydrolyzes nonterminal peptide bonds in polypeptides.
61134 peptidase regulator activity F Modulates the activity of a peptidase, any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis peptide bonds.
61135 endopeptidase regulator activity F Modulates the activity of a peptidase, any enzyme that hydrolyzes nonterminal peptide bonds in polypeptides.
61136 regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds that is mediated by the proteasome.
61137 bud dilation P The process in which a branch bud increases radially. A branch bud is the initial area of outgrowth in the formation of a new branch.
61138 morphogenesis of a branching epithelium P The process in which the anatomical structures of a branched epithelium are generated and organized.
61139 bud field specification P The regionalization process in which the identity of a bud primordium is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
61140 lung secretory cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lung secretory cell. A lung secretory cell is a specialized epithelial cell of the lung that contains large secretory granules in its apical part.
61141 lung ciliated cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lung ciliated cell. A lung ciliated cell is a specialized lung epithelial cell that contains cilia for moving substances released from lung secretory cells.
61142 mesothelial-mesenchymal cell signaling involved in early lung development P Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a mesothelial cell to an epithelial cell and contributes to the development of the lung.
61143 alveolar primary septum development P The progression of a primary alveolar septum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A primary alveolar septum is a specialized epithelium that surrounds the saccule as it forms.
61144 alveolar secondary septum development P The progression of a secondary alveolar septum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A secondary alveolar septum is a specialized epithelium that subdivides the initial saccule.
61145 lung smooth muscle development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of smooth muscle in the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
61146 Peyer's patch morphogenesis P The process in which a Peyer's patch is generated and organized. Peyer's patches are typically found as nodules associated with gut epithelium with distinct internal structures including B- and T-zones for the activation of lymphocytes.
61147 endocardial endothelium development P The progression of the endocardial endothelium over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers.
61148 extracellular matrix organization involved in endocardium development P A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an extracellular matrix of the endocardium. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers.
61149 BMP signaling pathway involved in ureter morphogenesis P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the shaping of the ureter. The ureter is a tube that extends from the kidney to the bladder.
61150 renal system segmentation P The regionalization process that divides an the renal system into a series of segments along its proximal/distal axis.
61151 BMP signaling pathway involved in renal system segmentation P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the segmentation of the renal system.
61152 trachea submucosa development P The progression of the trachea submucosa over time from its formation to the mature structure. The trachea submucosa is made up of the glands and elastic tissue that lie under the mucosa in the trachea.
61153 trachea gland development P The progression of a trachea gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Trachea glands are found under the mucus of the trachea and secrete mucus, and agents that help protect the lung from injury and infection.
61154 endothelial tube morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized from an endothelium. Endothelium refers to the layer of cells lining blood vessels, lymphatics, the heart, and serous cavities, and is derived from bone marrow or mesoderm. Corneal endothelium is a special case, derived from neural crest cells.
61155 pulmonary artery endothelial tube morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized from the pulmonary artery endothelium. An pulmonary artery endothelium is an epithelium that lines the pulmonary artery.
61156 pulmonary artery morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the pulmonary artery are generated and organized. The pulmonary artery is the artery that carries blood from the heart to the lungs.
61157 mRNA destabilization P Any process that decreases the stability of an mRNA molecule, making it more vulnerable to degradative processes. Messenger RNA is the intermediate molecule between DNA and protein. It includes UTR and coding sequences. It does not contain introns.
61158 3'-UTR-mediated mRNA destabilization P An mRNA destabilization process in which one or more RNA-binding proteins associate with the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of an mRNA.
61159 establishment of bipolar cell polarity involved in cell morphogenesis P The specification and formation of bipolar intracellular organization or cell growth patterns that contribute to cell morphogenesis. Bipolar organization is the organization that is a mirror image along an axis from a plane.
61160 regulation of establishment of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the establishment of bipolar cell polarity that contributes to the shape of a cell.
61161 positive regulation of establishment of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the establishment of bipolar cell polarity that regulates the shape of a cell.
61162 establishment of monopolar cell polarity P The specification and formation of monopolar intracellular organization or cell growth patterns. Monopolar cell organization is directional organization along an axis.
61163 endoplasmic reticulum polarization P The endoplasmic reticulum organization process that results in the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum being oriented in the cell.
61164 transitional endoplasmic reticulum polarization at cell division site P The endoplasmic reticulum polarization process that results in the structure being polarized at the site of future cell division.
61165 endoplasmic reticulum localization involved in endoplasmic reticulum polarization at cell division site P The process in which endoplasmic reticulum is transiently localized to the site where a cell will divide.
61166 establishment of endoplasmic reticulum localization involved in endoplasmic reticulum polarization at cell division site P The directed movement of the endoplasmic reticulum to the site where a cell will divide.
61167 maintenance of endoplasmic reticulum location involved in endoplasmic reticulum polarization at cell division site P The process in which the endoplasmic reticulum is maintained at the site of cell division and is prevented from moving elsewhere.
61168 regulation of hair follicle placode formation P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of hair follicle placode formation, the developmental process in which a hair placode forms. An hair follicle placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the hair follicle bud.
61169 positive regulation of hair placode formation P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of hair follicle placode formation, the developmental process in which a hair placode forms. An hair follicle placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the hair follicle bud.
61170 negative regulation of hair follicle placode formation P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of hair follicle placode formation, the developmental process in which a hair placode forms. An hair follicle placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the hair follicle bud.
61171 establishment of bipolar cell polarity P The specification and formation of bipolar intracellular organization or cell growth patterns. Bipolar organization is the organization that is a mirror image along an axis from a plane.
61172 regulation of establishment of bipolar cell polarity P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the establishment of bipolar cell polarity. Bipolar organization is the organization that is a mirror image along an axis from a plane.
61173 positive regulation of establishment of bipolar cell polarity P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the establishment of bipolar cell polarity.
61174 type I terminal bouton C Terminal inflated portion of the axon of a glutamatergic neuron, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters that will induce the contraction of muscle. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal bouton is a specialized region of it.
61175 type II terminal bouton C Terminal inflated portion of the axon of a non-glutamatergic neuron, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters at a regulatory synapse. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal bouton is a specialized region of it.
61176 type Ib terminal bouton C Terminal inflated portion of the axon of a glutamatergic neuron, containing the specialized apparatus necessary for the tonic release neurotransmitters that will induce the contraction of muscle. Type Ib terminal boutons are larger than type Is terminal boutons.
61177 type Is terminal bouton C Terminal inflated portion of the axon of a glutamatergic neuron, containing the specialized apparatus necessary for the phasic release neurotransmitters that will induce the contraction of muscle. Type Is terminal boutons are smaller than type Ib terminal boutons.
61178 regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin that contributes to the response of a cell to glucose.
61179 negative regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin that contributes to the response of a cell to glucose.
61180 mammary gland epithelium development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mammary gland epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk.
61181 regulation of chondrocyte development P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a chondrocyte over time, from its commitment to its mature state. Chondrocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a chondroblast to a chondrocyte fate.
61182 negative regulation of chondrocyte development P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a chondrocyte over time, from its commitment to its mature state. Chondrocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a chondroblast to a chondrocyte fate.
61183 regulation of dermatome development P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the progression of the dermatome over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The dermatome is the portion of a somite that will form skin.
61184 positive regulation of dermatome development P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the progression of the dermatome over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The dermatome is the portion of a somite that will form skin.
61185 negative regulation of dermatome development P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the progression of the dermatome over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The dermatome is the portion of a somite that will form skin.
61186 negative regulation of chromatin silencing at silent mating-type cassette P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of chromatin silencing at silent mating-type cassette. Chromatin silencing at silent mating-type cassette is the repression of transcription at silent mating-type loci by altering the structure of chromatin.
61187 regulation of chromatin silencing at rDNA P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the repression of transcription of ribosomal DNA by altering the structure of chromatin.
61188 negative regulation of chromatin silencing at rDNA P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the repression of transcription of ribosomal DNA by altering the structure of chromatin.
61189 positive regulation of sclerotome development P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the progression of the sclerotome over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The sclerotome is the portion of the somite that will give rise to a vertebra.
61190 regulation of sclerotome development P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the progression of the sclerotome over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The sclerotome is the portion of the somite that will give rise to a vertebra.
61191 positive regulation of vacuole fusion, non-autophagic P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the fusion of two vacuole membranes to form a single vacuole.
61192 negative regulation of vacuole fusion, non-autophagic P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the fusion of two vacuole membranes to form a single vacuole.
61193 taste bud development P The progression of the taste bud over time, from its formation to the mature state. The taste bud is a specialized area of the tongue that contains taste receptors.
61194 taste bud morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the taste bud are generated and organized. The taste bud is a specialized area of the tongue that contains taste receptors.
61195 taste bud formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the taste bud from unspecified parts. The taste bud is a specialized area of the tongue that contains taste receptors.
61196 fungiform papilla development P The progression of the fungiform papilla over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fungiform papilla is a mushroom-shaped papilla of the tongue.
61197 fungiform papilla morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the fungiform papilla are generated and organized. The fungiform papilla is a mushroom-shaped papilla of the tongue.
61198 fungiform papilla formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a spongiform papilla from unspecified parts. The fungiform papilla is a mushroom-shaped papilla of the tongue.
61199 striated muscle contraction involved in embryonic body morphogenesis P The process in which force is generated within striated embryonic muscle tissue, resulting in a contraction of the muscle that contributes to the formation of an embryo's characteristic body morphology.
61200 clathrin-sculpted gamma-aminobutyric acid transport vesicle C A clathrin-sculpted lipid bilayer membrane-enclosed vesicle after clathrin release and containing gamma-aminobutyric acid transport vesicle.
61201 clathrin-sculpted gamma-aminobutyric acid transport vesicle lumen C The volume enclosed by the membrane of the clathrin-sculpted gamma-aminobutyric acid transport vesicle.
61202 clathrin-sculpted gamma-aminobutyric acid transport vesicle membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-sculpted gamma-aminobutyric acid transport vesicle.
61203 striated muscle paramyosin thick filament assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the paramyosin-based thick filaments of myofibrils in striated muscle.
61204 paramyosin filament assembly or disassembly P The formation or disassembly of a filament composed of paramyosin molecules.
61205 paramesonephric duct development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the paramesonephric duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Mullerian ducts (or paramesonephric ducts) are paired ducts of the embryo that run down the lateral sides of the urogenital ridge and terminate at the mullerian eminence in the primitive urogenital sinus. In the female, they will develop to form the fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and the upper portion of the vagina; in the male, they are lost. These ducts are made of tissue of mesodermal origin.
61206 mesonephros morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesonephros are generated and organized.
61207 mesonephric juxtaglomerulus cell differentiation P The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the juxtaglomerulus cells of the mesonephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
61208 cell differentiation involved in mesonephros development P The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the mesonephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
61209 cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development P The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of the population in the mesonephros.
61210 cell-cell signaling involved in mesonephros development P Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the progression of the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature organ.
61211 mesonephric collecting duct development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a collecting duct in the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The collecting duct regulates water, electrolyte and acid-base balance. The collecting duct is the final common path through which urine flows before entering the ureter and then emptying into the bladder.
61212 mesonephric juxtaglomerular apparatus development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The juxtaglomerular apparatus is an anatomical structure which consists of juxtaglomerular cells, extraglomerular mesangial cells and the macula densa. The juxtaglomerular apparatus lies adjacent to the glomerulus and regulates kidney function by maintaining the blood flow to the kidney and the filtration rate.
61213 positive regulation of mesonephros development P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of mesonephros development. Mesonephros development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephros is an organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.
61214 mesonephric smooth muscle tissue development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of smooth muscle in the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
61215 mesonephric nephron development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a nephron in the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A nephron is the functional unit of the kidney.
61216 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in mesonephros development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the mesonephros progressing from its initial formation to the mature state.
61217 regulation of mesonephros development P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of mesonephros development. Mesonephros development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephros is an endocrine and metabolic organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.
61218 negative regulation of mesonephros development P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of mesonephros development. Mesonephros development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephros is an organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.
61219 mesonephric mesenchyme development P The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesonephric mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of mesonephric mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. Mesonephric mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the mesonephros.
61220 mesonephric macula densa development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephric macula densa over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephric macula densa is an area of specialized cells in the distal tubule of the mesonephros that makes contact with the vascular pole of the glomerulus.
61221 mesonephric mesenchyme morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of a mesonephric mesenchymal tissue are generated and organized. Mesonephric mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the mesonephros.
61222 mesonephric mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development P The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesonephric mesenchymal cell population.
61223 mesonephric mesenchymal cell differentiation P The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesenchymal cells of the mesonephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
61224 mesonephric glomerulus development P The progression of the mesonephric glomerulus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The mesonephric glomerulus is a capillary tuft which forms a close network with the visceral epithelium (podocytes) and the mesangium to form the filtration barrier and is surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the mature vertebrate kidney, or mesonephros.
61225 mesonephric extraglomerular mesangial cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development P The multiplication or reproduction of extraglomerular glomerular mesangium cells in the mesonephros by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Extraglomerular mesangial cells (also known as lacis cells, Goormaghtigh cells) are light-staining cells in the kidney found outside the glomerulus, near the vascular pole and macula densa.
61226 proximal/distal pattern formation involved in mesonephric nephron development P The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along a proximal/distal axis of a nephron in the mesonephros. The proximal/distal axis is defined by a line that runs from the glomerulus (proximal end) outward toward the mesonephric duct (distal end).
61227 pattern specification involved in mesonephros development P Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the mesonephros to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.
61228 mesonephric nephron morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesonephric nephron are generated and organized. A mesonephric nephron is the functional unit of the mesonephros.
61229 mesonephric juxtaglomerulus cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesonephric juxtaglomerulus cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
61230 mesonephric juxtaglomerulus cell fate commitment P The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a mesonephric juxtaglomerulus cell.
61231 mesonephric glomerulus vasculature development P The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesonephric glomerulus vasculature from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the mesonephric glomerulus vasculature and ends with the mature structure. The mesonephric glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the mesonephric glomerulus.
61232 mesonephric glomerular epithelium development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephric glomerular epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephric glomerular epithelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the outer surfaces of the glomerulus in the mesonephros. The mesonephric glomerular epithelium consists of both parietal and visceral epithelium. Mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport. A mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains "feet" that interdigitate with the "feet" of other glomerular epithelial cells in the mesonephros.
61233 mesonephric glomerular basement membrane development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephric glomerular basement membrane over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephric glomerular basement membrane is the basal laminal portion of the mesonephric glomerulus which performs the actual filtration.
61234 mesonephric glomerulus morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesonephric glomerulus are generated and organized. The mesonephric glomerulus is a capillary tuft surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate mesonephros.
61235 mesenchymal stem cell maintenance involved in mesonephric nephron morphogenesis P The process in which an organism retains a population of mesenchymal stem cells that contributes to the shaping of a nephron in the mesonephros. A mesenchymal stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized mesenchymal cells.
61236 mesonephric comma-shaped body morphogenesis P The process in which the mesonephric comma-shaped body is generated and organized. The mesonephric comma-shaped body is the precursor structure to the mesonephric S-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of a nephron in the mesonephros.
61237 convergent extension involved in mesonephric nephron morphogenesis P The morphogenetic process in which the renal epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis that contributes to the shaping of a nephron in the mesonephros.
61238 establishment of planar polarity involved in mesonephric nephron morphogenesis P Coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of an epithelium that contributes to the shaping of a nephron in the mesonephros.
61239 mesenchymal stem cell differentiation involved in mesonephric nephron morphogenesis P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal stem cell that contributes to the shaping of a nephronin the mesonephros. A mesenchymal stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized mesenchymal cells.
61240 mesonephric nephron tubule morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of a mesonephric nephron tubule are generated and organized. A mesonephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephric nephron, the functional part of the mesonephros.
61241 mesonephric nephron epithelium development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephric nephron epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure. The mesonephric nephron epithelium is a tissue that covers the surface of a nephron in the mesonephros.
61242 mesonephric nephron tubule development P The progression of a mesonephric nephron tubule over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. A mesonephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephric nephron, the functional part of the mesonephros.
61243 mesonephric renal vesicle morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesonephric renal vesicle are generated and organized. The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the mesonephric nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells.
61244 mesonephric S-shaped body morphogenesis P The process in which the mesonephric S-shaped body is generated and organized. The mesonephric S-shaped body is the successor of the mesonephric comma-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of a nephron in the mesonephros.
61245 establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity P Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of a bipolar intracellular organization or cell growth patterns.
61246 establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape P Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of a bipolar intracellular organization or cell growth patterns that regulates the shaping of a cell.
61247 mesonephric glomerular mesangium development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephric glomerular mesangium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephric glomerular mesangium is the thin membrane connective tissue composed of mesangial cells in the mesonephros, which helps to support the capillary loops in a renal glomerulus.
61248 mesonephric glomerulus vasculature morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesonephric glomerulus vasculature are generated and organized. The mesonephric glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the mesonephric glomerulus.
61249 mesonephric glomerular capillary formation P The process that gives rise to a mesonephric glomerular capillary. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
61250 mesonephric glomerular epithelial cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesonephric glomerular epithelial cell. Mesonephric glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the mesonephric glomerulus; there are two types, mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells and mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cells.
61251 mesonephric glomerular epithelial cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesonephric glomerular epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Mesonephric glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the mesonephric glomerulus; there are two types, mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells and mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cells.
61252 mesonephric glomerular epithelial cell fate commitment P The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a mesonephric glomerular epithelial cell. Mesonephric glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the mesonephric glomerulus; there are two types, mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells and mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cells.
61253 mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell. Mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport.
61254 mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport.
61255 mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell fate commitment P The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell. Mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport. These cells may also give rise to podocytes.
61256 mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell. A mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains "feet" that interdigitate with the "feet" of other glomerular epithelial cells in the mesonephros.
61257 mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains "feet" that interdigitate with the "feet" of other glomerular epithelial cells in the mesonephros.
61258 mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell fate commitment P The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell. A mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains "feet" that interdigitate with the "feet" of other glomerular epithelial cells in the mesonephros.
61259 mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell differentiation P The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the glomerular mesangial cells of the mesonephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
61260 mesonephric mesangial cell differentiation P The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesangial cells of the mesonephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
61261 mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in mesonephros morphogenesis P A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity, forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the mesonephros.
61262 mesonephric renal vesicle formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the mesonephros.
61263 mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular mesangial cell in the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
61264 mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell fate commitment P The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell.
61265 mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation P The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the mesonephric nephron tubule as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
61266 mesonephric interstitial fibroblast differentiation P The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the interstitial fibroblasts of the mesonephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
61267 mesonephric interstitial fibroblast development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesonephric interstitial fibroblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
61268 mesonephric interstitial fibroblast fate commitment P The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a mesonephric interstitial fibroblast.
61269 mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development P The multiplication or reproduction of glomerular mesangial cells in the mesonephros, resulting in the expansion of the population.
61270 mesonephric intraglomerular mesangial cell proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of intraglomerular glomerular mesangium cells in the mesonephros by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Intraglomerular mesangial cells are specialized pericytes located among the glomerular capillaries within a renal corpuscle of a kidney. They are required for filtration, structural support and phagocytosis.
61271 mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in mesonephric renal vesicle formation P A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the mesonephric renal vesicle.
61272 mesonephric connecting tubule development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephric connecting tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephric connecting tubule is a tubular segment of the mesonephric nephron; it connects the distal tubule to the collecting duct in the mesonephros.
61273 mesonephric distal tubule morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of a mesonephric distal tubule are generated and organized. The mesonephric distal tubule is a mesonephric nephron tubule that begins at the macula densa and extends to the mesonephric connecting tubule.
61274 mesonephric distal tubule development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephric distal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephric distal tubule is a mesonephric nephron tubule that begins at the terminal segment of the proximal tubule and ends at the mesonephric connecting tubule.
61275 mesonephric proximal tubule development P The progression of the mesonephric proximal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephric proximal tubule extends from the capsule to the distal tubule.
61276 mesonephric proximal tubule morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of a mesonephric proximal tubule are generated and organized. The mesonephric proximal tubule extends from the capsule to the distal tubule.
61277 mesonephric nephron tubule formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a mesonephric nephron tubule from unspecified parts. A mesonephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of a nephron in the mesonephros.
61278 epithelial cell migration involved in mesonephric nephron tubule morphogenesis P The orderly movement of epithelial cells within a renal tubule that contributes to mesonephric nephron tubule morphogenesis.
61279 epithelial cell migration involved in mesonephric distal tubule morphogenesis P The orderly movement of epithelial cells within a renal tubule that contributes to mesonephric distal tubule morphogenesis.
61280 epithelial cell migration involved in mesonephric proximal tubule morphogenesis P The orderly movement of epithelial cells within a renal tubule that contributes to mesonephric proximal tubule morphogenesis.
61281 specification of mesonephric connecting tubule identity P The process in which the connecting tubule of the mesonephric nephron acquires its identity.
61282 specification of mesonephric nephron tubule identity P The process in which the tubules arranged along the proximal/distal axis of the mesonephric nephron acquire their identity.
61283 specification of mesonephric distal tubule identity P The process in which the distal tubule of the mesonephric nephron acquires its identity.
61284 specification of mesonephric proximal tubule identity P The process in which the proximal tubule of the mesonephric nephron acquires its identity.
61285 mesonephric capsule development P The progression of the mesonephric capsule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephric capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the mesonephros, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue.
61286 mesonephric capsule morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesonephric capsule are generated and organized. The mesonephric capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the mesonephros, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage.
61287 mesonephric capsule formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a mesonephric capsule from unspecified parts. The mesonephric capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the mesonephros, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage.
61288 mesonephric capsule specification P The regionalization process in which the identity of the mesonephric capsule is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
61289 Wnt signaling pathway involved in kidney development P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell, resulting a change in cell state that contributes to the progression of the kidney over time.
61290 canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in metanephric kidney development P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that contribute to the progression of the metanephric kidney over time. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes.
61291 canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud branching P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that contributes to the branching of the ureteric bud. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes.
61292 canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in mesonephros development P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that contributes to the progression of the mesonephros over time. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes.
61293 canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in mesonephric nephron development P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that contribute to the progression of the mesonephric nephron over time. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes.
61294 mesonephric renal vesicle induction P Signaling at short range between cells of the ureteric bud terminus and the kidney mesenchyme that positively regulates the formation of the mesonephric renal vesicle.
61295 regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in mesonephric nephron morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of mesenchymal stem cell death by apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the nephron in the mesonephros.
61296 negative regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in mesonephric nephron morphogenesis P Any process that reduces the occurrence or rate of mesenchymal stem cell death by apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the nephron in the mesonephros.
61297 positive regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in mesonephric nephron morphogenesis P Any process that increases the occurrence or rate of mesenchymal stem cell death by apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the nephron in the mesonephros.
61298 retina vasculature development in camera-type eye P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature of the retina over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
61299 retina vasculature morphogenesis in camera-type eye P The process in which the vasculature of the retina is generated and organized.
61300 cerebellum vasculature development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature of the cerebellum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
61301 cerebellum vasculature morphogenesis P The process in which the vasculature of the cerebellum is generated and organized.
61302 smooth muscle cell-matrix adhesion P The binding of a smooth muscle cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules.
61303 cornea development in camera-type eye P The progression of the cornea over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cornea is the transparent structure that covers the anterior of the eye.
61304 retinal blood vessel morphogenesis P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a blood vessel of the retina over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
61305 maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape P The maintenance of established bipolar anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns that results in the shaping of a cell.
61306 DNA strand renaturation involved in double-strand break repair P The identification and annealing of complementary base pairs in single-strand DNA that contributes to double-strand break repair.
61307 cardiac neural crest cell differentiation involved in heart development P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac neural crest cell that will migrate to the heart and contribute to its development. Cardiac neural crest cells are specialized cells that migrate toward the heart from the third, fourth and sixth pharyngeal arches.
61308 cardiac neural crest cell development involved in heart development P The process aimed at the progression of a cardiac neural crest cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell that contributes to the development of the heart.
61309 cardiac neural crest cell development involved in outflow tract morphogenesis P The process aimed at the progression of a cardiac neural crest cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell that contributes to the shaping of the outflow tract.
61310 canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in cardiac neural crest cell differentiation involved in heart development P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in cardiac neural crest cell differentiation.
61311 cell surface receptor signaling pathway involved in heart development P Any series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a receptor on the surface of a cell to a physiological ligand, which contributes to the progression of the heart over time.
61312 BMP signaling pathway involved in heart development P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the progression of the heart over time.
61313 fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart development P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands and contributing to the progression of the heart over time.
61314 Notch signaling involved in heart development P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell and contributing to the progression of the heart over time.
61315 canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation P The canonical Wnt signaling pathway that contributes to an expansion of the population of cardiac muscle cells.
61316 canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that contributes to the progression of the heart over time. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes.
61317 canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin and contributing to cardiac muscle cell fate commitment. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes.
61318 renal filtration cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a renal filtration cell. Renal filtration cells are specialized cells of the renal system that filter fluids by charge, size or both. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state.
61319 nephrocyte differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a nephrocyte. A nephrocyte is an insect renal cell that filters hemolymph. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state.
61320 pericardial nephrocyte differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a pericardial nephrocyte. A pericardial nephrocyte is an insect renal cell that filters hemolymph and is found with other pericardial nephrocytes in two rows flanking the dorsal vessel. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state.
61321 garland nephrocyte differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a garland nephrocyte. A garland nephrocyte is an insect renal cell that filters hemolymph and forms a ring with other garland nephrocytes around the esophagus. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state.
61322 disseminated nephrocyte differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a disseminated nephrocyte. A disseminated nephrocyte is an insect renal cell that filters hemolymph and is found at scattered locations in the fat body or other tissues. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state.
61323 cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis P The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to the shaping of the heart.
61324 canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of cardiac outflow tract cell proliferation P The canonical Wnt signaling pathway that contributes to the modulation of the expansion of a population of cardiac outflow tract cells.
61325 cell proliferation involved in outflow tract morphogenesis P The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to the shaping of the outflow tract.
61326 renal tubule development P The progression of the renal tubule over time from its formation to the mature form. A renal tubule is a tube that filters, re-absorbs and secretes substances to rid an organism of waste and to play a role in fluid homeostasis.
61327 anterior Malpighian tubule development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior Malpighian tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pair of anterior tubules arise from a dorsal region of the embryonic hindgut and projects forwards through the body cavity. A Malpighian tubule is a fine, thin-walled excretory tubule in insects which connects with the posterior part of the gut.
61328 posterior Malpighian tubule development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior Malpighian tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pair of posterior tubules arise from a ventrolateral region of the embryonic hindgut and project backwards through the body cavity. A Malpighian tubule is a fine, thin-walled excretory tubule in insects which connects with the posterior part of the gut.
61329 Malpighian tubule principal cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a Malpighian tubule principal cell. A Malpighian tubule principal cell is an epithelial secretory cell that transports cations into the lumen of the tubule.
61330 Malpighian tubule stellate cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a Malpighian tubule stellate cell. A Malpighian tubule stellate cell is a specialized epithelial secretory cell that moves chloride ions and water across the tubule epithelium.
61331 epithelial cell proliferation involved in Malpighian tubule morphogenesis P The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population and contributing to the shaping of a Malpighian tubule.
61332 Malpighian tubule bud morphogenesis P The morphogenetic process in which a bud forms from the embryonic hindgut tube to form the Malpighian tubule. A bud is a protrusion that forms from the tube by localized changes in cell shape and position.
61333 renal tubule morphogenesis P The process in which the renal tubule is generated by specification of cell fate, through the maintenance of cell polarity, regulated cell proliferation and morphogenetic cell rearrangements, shape changes and growth. A renal tubule is a tube that filters, re-absorbs and secretes substances to rid an organism of waste and to play a role in fluid homeostasis.
61334 cell rearrangement involved in Malpighian tubule morphogenesis P The movement of an epithelial cell with respect to other epithelial cells that contributes to the shaping of the Malpighian tubule.
61335 cell growth involved in Malpighian tubule morphogenesis P The growth of an epithelial cell dependent on cycles of endoreplication, where growth contributes to the shaping of the Malpighian tubule.
61336 cell morphogenesis involved in Malpighian tubule morphogenesis P The shape change of an epithelial cell from a columnar to squamous cell morphology that contributes to the shaping of the Malpighian tubule.
61337 cardiac conduction P Transfer of an organized electrical impulse across the heart to coordinate the contraction of cardiac muscles. The process begins with generation of an action potential (in the sinoatrial node (SA) in humans) and ends with a change in the rate, frequency, or extent of the contraction of the heart muscles.
61339 establishment or maintenance of monopolar cell polarity P Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of monopolar intracellular organization or cell growth patterns. Monopolar cell organization is directional organization along an axis.
61340 establishment or maintenance of monopolar cell polarity regulating cell shape P Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of a monopolar intracellular organization or cell growth patterns that regulate the shape of a cell.
61341 non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via effectors other than beta-catenin and contributing to the progression of the heart over time.
61342 regulation of cell adhesion involved in heart morphogenesis by non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway P Any process that decreased the extent of cell adhesion that contributes to the shaping of the heart.
61343 cell adhesion involved in heart morphogenesis P The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules that contributes to the shaping of the heart.
61344 regulation of cell adhesion involved in heart morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the extent of cell adhesion contributing to the shaping of the heart.
61345 planar cell polarity pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via effectors other than beta-catenin and contributing to a cardioblast being committed to a cardiac muscle cell fate.
61346 planar cell polarity pathway involved in heart morphogenesis P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity that contributes to the shaping of the heart.
61347 planar cell polarity pathway involved in outflow tract morphogenesis P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity that contributes to the shaping of the outflow tract.
61348 planar cell polarity pathway involved in ventricular septum morphogenesis P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity that contributes to the shaping of the ventricular septum.
61349 planar cell polarity pathway involved in cardiac right atrium morphogenesis P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity that contributes to the shaping of the cardiac right atrium.
61350 planar cell polarity pathway involved in cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity that contributes to the shaping of the cardiac muscle tissue.
61351 neural precursor cell proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of neural precursor cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. A neural precursor cell is either a nervous system stem cell or a nervous system progenitor cell.
61352 cell chemotaxis involved in Malpighian tubule morphogenesis P The directed movement of the outgrowing Malpighian tubule guided by specific chemical cues/signals. Movement may be towards a guidance cue (positive chemotaxis) or away from it (negative chemotaxis). Guidance contributes to the final positioning of the tubule.
61353 BMP signaling pathway involved in Malpighian tubule cell chemotaxis P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the directed movement of a Malpighian tubule cell toward a stimulus, thereby contributing to the shaping of the tubule.
61354 planar cell polarity pathway involved in pericardium morphogenesis P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity that contributes to the shaping of the pericardium.
61355 Wnt protein secretion P The controlled release of a Wnt protein from a cell.
61356 regulation of Wnt protein secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a Wnt protein from a cell.
61357 positive regulation of Wnt protein secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a Wnt protein from a cell.
61358 negative regulation of Wnt protein secretion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a Wnt protein from a cell.
61359 regulation of Wnt signaling pathway by Wnt protein secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the Wnt signaling pathway by the controlled release of a Wnt protein from a cell.
61360 optic chiasma development P The developmental process pertaining to the progression of the optic chiasm from its initial formation to the mature structure. The process begins when the pathfinding of the axons of the developing optic nerve cause some axons to cross at the midline of the brain and ends when the axons are mature.
61361 positive regulation of maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape.
61362 negative regulation of maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape.
61363 negative regulation of progesterone biosynthesis involved in luteolysis P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the biosynthesis of progesterone biosynthesis that contributes to luteolysis.
61364 apoptotic process involved in luteolysis P The apoptotic process that contributes to luteolysis.
61365 positive regulation of triglyceride lipase activity P Any process that increases the activity of triglyceride lipase.
61366 behavioral response to chemical pain P Any process that results in a change in the behaviour of an organism as a result of a chemical pain stimulus.
61367 behavioral response to acetic acid induced pain P Any process that results in a change in the behaviour of an organism as a result of an acetic acid pain stimulus.
61368 behavioral response to formalin induced pain P Any process that results in a change in the behaviour of an organism as a result of a formalin pain stimulus.
61369 negative regulation of testicular blood vessel morphogenesis P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel morphogenesis in the testicle.
61370 testosterone biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of testosterone, an androgen having 17beta-hydroxy and 3-oxo groups, together with unsaturation at C-4 C-5.
61371 determination of heart left/right asymmetry P Determination of the asymmetric location of the heart with respect to the left and right halves of the organism.
61372 activin receptor signaling pathway involved in heart jogging P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the activin family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and contributing to the process of heart jogging.
61373 mammillary axonal complex development P The progression of the mammillary axonal complex over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammillary axonal complex is formed by the axons from the lateral, medial mammillary and the dorsal premammillary nuclei which share a branching pattern. Every neuron gives off one axonal stem that bifurcates into 2 branches. One of the branches is directed dorsally to the thalamus and another caudally to the midbrain.
61374 mammillothalamic axonal tract development P The progression of the mammillothalamic axonal tract, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammillothalamic tract is the collection of axons that connects the two major subdivisions of the diencephalon (hypothalamus and thalamus) and closes the diencephalic circuit.
61375 mammillotectal axonal tract development P The progression of the mammillotectal tract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammillotectal tract is the collection of axons that connects the ventral diencephalon to the superior colliculus.
61376 mammillotegmental axonal tract development P The process in which the mammillotegmental tract progresses over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammillotegmental tract is the collection of axons that connects the ventral diencephalon to the tegmentum and pons.
61377 mammary gland lobule development P The progression of the mammary gland lobule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A mammary gland lobule is a small rounded projection of the mammary gland.
61378 corpora quadrigemina development P The progression of the corpora quadrigemina over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The corpora quadrigemina is a part of the midbrain that is made up of the superior and inferior colliculi.
61379 inferior colliculus development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inferior colliculus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The inferior colliculus (IC) (Latin, lower hill) is the principal midbrain nucleus of the auditory pathway and receives input from several more peripheral brainstem nuclei in the auditory pathway, as well as inputs from the auditory cortex. The inferior colliculus has three subdivisions: the central nucleus (CIC), a dorsal cortex (DCIC) by which it is surrounded, and an external cortex (ICX) which is located laterally.
61380 superior colliculus development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the superior colliculus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The superior colliculus is also known as the optic tectum or simply tectum and is a paired structure that forms a major component of the vertebrate midbrain.
61381 cell migration in diencephalon P The orderly movement of a cell that will reside in the diencephalon.
61382 Malpighian tubule tip cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a Malpighian tubule tip cell. A Malpighian tubule tip cell is a mitogenic signaling cell that controls the proliferation of its neighboring cells.
61383 trabecula morphogenesis P The process of shaping a trabecula in an organ. A trabecula is a small, often microscopic, tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod, which generally has a mechanical function. Trabecula are usually but not necessarily, composed of dense collagenous tissue.
61384 heart trabecula morphogenesis P The process of shaping a trabecula in the heart. A trabecula is a small, often microscopic, tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod, which generally has a mechanical function. Trabecula are usually but not necessarily, composed of dense collagenous tissue.
61385 fibroblast proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis P The multiplication or reproduction of fibroblasts, resulting in the expansion of a fibroblast population that contributes to the shaping of the heart.
61386 closure of optic fissure P The closure of the temporary ventral gap in the optic cup that contributes to its shaping.
61387 regulation of extent of cell growth P Any process that modulates the extent of cell growth.
61388 regulation of rate of cell growth P Any process that modulates the rate of cell growth.
61389 regulation of direction of cell growth P Any process that modulates the direction of cell growth.
61390 positive regulation of direction of cell growth P Any process that increases the direction of cell growth.
61391 negative regulation of direction of cell growth P Any process that decreases the direction of cell growth.
61392 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to osmotic stress P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell.
61393 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to osmotic stress P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell.
61394 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to arsenic-containing substance P Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of an arsenic stimulus from compounds containing arsenic, including arsenates, arsenites, and arsenides.
61395 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to arsenic-containing substance P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of an arsenic stimulus from compounds containing arsenic, including arsenates, arsenites, and arsenides.
61396 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to copper ion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter in response to an copper ion stimulus.
61397 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to copper ion P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter in response to an copper ion stimulus.
61398 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to copper ion P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter in response to an copper ion stimulus.
61399 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to cobalt ion P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter in response to a cobalt ion stimulus.
61400 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to calcium ion P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter in response to a calcium ion stimulus.
61401 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to a hypotonic environment P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.
61402 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to acidic pH P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a pH stimulus with pH < 7.
61403 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to nitrosative stress P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a nitrosative stress stimulus. Nitrosative stress is a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of nitric oxide (NO) or the highly reactive oxidant peroxynitrite, which is produced following interaction of NO with superoxide anions.
61404 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to increased salt P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of detection of, or exposure to, an increase in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.
61405 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to hydrostatic pressure P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a hydrostatic pressure stimulus. Hydrostatic pressure is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is at rest (as opposed to moving). The weight of the fluid above the object creates pressure on it.
61406 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to glucose starvation P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of deprivation of glucose.
61407 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to hydrogen peroxide P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulus.
61408 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to heat stress P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism.
61409 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to freezing P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a freezing stimulus, temperatures below 0 degrees Celsius.
61410 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to ethanol P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of an ethanol stimulus.
61411 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to cold P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a cold stimulus, a temperature stimulus below the optimal temperature for that organism.
61412 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to amino acid starvation P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of deprivation of amino acids.
61413 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by a nonfermentable carbon source P A transcription regulation process in which the presence of a nonfermentable carbon source leads to the modulation of the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription, from an RNA polymerase II promoter, of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources.
61414 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by a nonfermentable carbon source P A transcription regulation process in which the presence of a nonfermentable carbon source leads to an increase of the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription, from an RNA polymerase II promoter, of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources.
61415 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by a nonfermentable carbon source P A transcription regulation process in which the presence of a nonfermentable carbon source leads to a decrease of the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription, from an RNA polymerase II promoter, of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources.
61416 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to salt stress P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under salt stress. The stress is usually an increase or decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.
61417 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to oxidative stress P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.
61418 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to hypoxia P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a hypoxia stimulus.
61419 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to hypoxia P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a hypoxia stimulus.
61420 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to biotin starvation P Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of deprivation of biotin.
61421 positive regulation of transcription by oleic acid P Any process involving oleic acid that activates or increases the rate of transcription.
61422 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to alkaline pH P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a pH >7.0.
61423 positive regulation of sodium ion transport by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter resulting in the increased frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
61424 positive regulation of peroxisome organization by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter and activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of peroxisome organization.
61425 positive regulation of ethanol catabolic process by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter and activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an ethanol catabolic process.
61426 positive regulation of sulfite transport by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter and activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sulfite transport.
61427 negative regulation of ceramide biosynthetic process by negative regulation of transcription from RNA Polymerase II promoter P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter and stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a ceramide biosynthetic process.
61428 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to hypoxia P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a hypoxia stimulus.
61429 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by oleic acid P Any process involving oleic acid that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
61430 bone trabecula morphogenesis P The process of shaping a trabecula in bone. A trabecula is a tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod.
61431 cellular response to methionine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methionine stimulus.
61432 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to methionine P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a methionine stimulus.
61433 cellular response to caloric restriction P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a of caloric restriction, insufficient food energy intake.
61434 regulation of replicative cell aging by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to caloric restriction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of replicative cell aging through a mechanism that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a caloric restriction stimulus.
61435 positive regulation of transcription from a mobile element promoter P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from a mobile element promoter.
61436 establishment of skin barrier P Establishment of the epithelial barrier, the functional barrier in the skin that limits its permeability.
61437 renal system vasculature development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of vasculature of the renal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
61438 renal system vasculature morphogenesis P The process in which the renal system vasculature is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
61439 kidney vasculature morphogenesis P The process in which the kidney vasculature is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
61440 kidney vasculature development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature of the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
61441 renal artery morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structure of a renal artery is generated and organized. Renal arteries supply the kidneys with blood.
61442 cardiac muscle cell fate determination P The process involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment. Once determination has taken place, a cell becomes committed to differentiate down a particular pathway regardless of its environment.
61443 endocardial cushion cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of an endocardial cushion cell.
61444 endocardial cushion cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an endocardial cushion cell over time, from its formation to the mature state.
61445 endocardial cushion cell fate commitment P The commitment of a cell to an endocardial cushion cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into an endocardial cushion cell.
61446 endocardial cushion cell fate determination P The process involved in endocardial cushion cell fate commitment. Once determination has taken place, a cell becomes committed to differentiate down a particular pathway regardless of its environment.
61447 endocardial cushion cell fate specification P The process involved in the specification of endocardial cushion cell identity. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment.
61448 connective tissue development P The progression of a connective tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
61449 olfactory bulb tufted cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an olfactory bulb tufted cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
61450 trophoblast cell migration P Trophoblast cell migration that is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium. Trophoblast cells line the outside of the blastocyst.
61451 retrotrapezoid nucleus development P The progression of the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) over time from it's initial formation to its mature state. The retrotrapezoid nucleus is a group of neurons in the rostral medulla, which are responsible regulating respiration.
61452 retrotrapezoid nucleus neuron differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron whose cell body resides in the retrotrapezoid nucleus.
61453 interstitial cell of Cajal differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an interstitial cell of Cajal. An interstitial cell of Cajal is an intestinal neuroepithelial cell that serves as a pacemaker to trigger gut contraction.
61454 Golgi calcium ion export P The directed movement of calcium ions (Ca2+) out of the Golgi apparatus into the cytosol.
61455 integral component of muscle cell projection membrane C The component of the muscle cell projection membrane consisting of the gene products having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
61456 mesenchymal stem cell migration involved in uteric bud morphogenesis P The orderly movement of a mesenchymal stem cell from one site to another contributing to the shaping of the ureteric bud. A mesenchymal stem cell, or MSC, is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized mesenchymal cells.
61457 mesonephric cell migration involved in male gonad development P The orderly movement of a cell from the mesonephros to the male gonad, contributing to its development.
61458 reproductive system development P The progression of the reproductive system over time from its formation to the mature structure. The reproductive system consists of the organs that function in reproduction.
61459 L-arginine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the stereospecific transfer of L-arginine, 2-amino-5-guanidinopentanoic acid, across a biological membrane.
61460 L-histidine import P The directed movement of L-histidine into a cell or organelle.
61461 L-lysine import P The directed movement of L-lysine into a cell or organelle.
61462 protein localization to lysosome P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a lysosome.
61463 O-acetyl-ADP-ribose deacetylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction O-acetyl-ADP-ribose + H2O = ADP-ribose + acetate.
61464 plasma membrane part of cell-substrate junction. C The part of the plasma membrane that contributes to the structure of a cell-substrate junction.
61465 plasma membrane part of hemidesmosome C The part of the plasma membrane that contributes to the structure of a hemidesmosome.
61466 plasma membrane part of cell junction C The part of the plasma membrane that contributes to the structure of a cell junction.
61467 basolateral protein localization P Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, basolateral regions of the cell.
61468 karyomere C A membrane-bound intermediate cleavage-stage structure of individual or groups of chromosomes that coalesces and fuses with other karyomeres to form a nucleus during interphase. Karyomere formation occurs in blastomeres undergoing rapid cell division.
61469 regulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of type B pancreatic cell proliferation.
61470 T follicular helper cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a mature T follicular helper cell.
61471 karyomere assembly P The process where the nuclear membrane engulfs condensed chromosomes to form karyomeres during M phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
61472 karyomere membrane fusion P Process whereby karyomere membranes fuse during interphase to form a single lobed nucleus.
61473 murein tripeptide carboxypeptidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction L-Ala-gamma;-D-Glu-meso-Dap (murein tripeptide) + H2O = L-Ala-γ-D-Glu + meso-diaminopimelate.
61474 phagolysosome membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a phagolysosome.
61475 cytosolic valyl-tRNA aminoacylation P The process of coupling valine to valyl-tRNA in the cytosol, catalyzed by valyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
61476 response to anticoagulant P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an anticoagulant stimulus.
61477 response to aromatase inhibitor P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an aromatase inhibitor stimulus.
61478 response to platelet aggregation inhibitor P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a platelet aggregation inhibitor stimulus.
61479 response to reverse transcriptase inhibitor P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a reverse transcriptase inhibitor stimulus.
61480 response to asparaginase P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an asparaginase stimulus.
61481 response to TNF agonist P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a TNF agonist stimulus.
61482 response to irinotecan P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an irinotecan stimulus.
61483 sulfinylpropanyl adenylate synthase F Catalysis of the reaction: cysteine sulfanate + GTP + IMP = sulfinylpropanyl adenylate + GDP + 3 H(+) + phosphate.
61484 hematopoietic stem cell homeostasis P Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of hematopoietic stem cells within a population of cells.
61485 memory T cell proliferation P The expansion of a memory T cell population by cell division.
61486 high-affinity fructose transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of fructose from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
61487 DNA replication initiation from late origin P The process in which DNA-dependent DNA replication is started at a late origin of replication. A late origin of replication refers to an origin that is activated late in S phase.
61488 adenine import into cell P The directed movement of adenine from outside of a cell into the cytoplasmic compartment. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis.
61489 guanine import into cell P The directed movement of guanine from outside of a cell into the cytoplasmic compartment. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis.
61490 glucose import into cell P The directed movement of glucose from outside of a cell into the cytoplasmic compartment. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis.
61491 serine import into cell P The directed movement of serine from outside of a cell into the cytoplasmic compartment. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis.
61492 asymmetric protein localization to old or new spindle pole body P Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained to either the old or new spindle pole body resulting in its being distributed asymmetrically.
61493 central plaque of mitotic spindle pole body C One of three laminate structures that form the mitotic spindle pole body; the central plaque is embedded in the nuclear envelope.
61494 gamma-tubulin large complex, mitotic spindle pole body C A complex of gamma tubulin and associated proteins thought to be formed by multimerization of gamma-tubulin small complexes located in the mitotic spindle pole body.
61495 gamma-tubulin small complex, mitotic spindle pole body C A complex composed of two gamma-tubulin molecules and conserved non-tubulin proteins located in the mitotic spindle pole body and isolated by fractionation from cells. The complex, approximately 6S-9S, is analogous to the small complex in animal cells but contains fewer subunits, and is not thought to multimerize into larger functional units, like complexes in those organisms. An example of this structure is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
61496 half bridge of mitotic spindle pole body C Structure adjacent to the plaques of the mitotic spindle pole body.
61497 inner plaque of mitotic spindle pole body C One of three laminate structures that form the mitotic spindle pole body; the inner plaque is in the nucleus.
61498 intermediate layer of mitotic spindle pole body C Structure between the central and outer plaques of the mitotic spindle pole body.
61499 outer plaque of mitotic spindle pole body C One of three laminate structures that form the mitotic spindle pole body; the outer plaque is in the cytoplasm.
61500 gene conversion at mating-type locus, termination of copy-synthesis P A DNA replication termination process that is part of gene conversion at a mating-type locus and takes place at a specific termination site.
61501 cyclic-GMP-AMP synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + GTP = 2 diphosphate + cyclic GMP-AMP.
61502 early endosome to recycling endosome transport P The directed movement of substances, in membrane-bounded vesicles, from the early sorting endosomes to the recycling endosomes.
61503 tRNA threonylcarbamoyladenosine dehydratase F Catalysis of the ATP-dependent dehydration of t6A to form cyclic t6A.
61504 cyclic threonylcarbamoyladenosine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyclic threonylcarbamoyladenosine, a modified nucleoside found in some tRNA molecules.
61505 DNA topoisomerase II activity F Catalysis of a DNA topological transformation by transiently cleaving a pair of complementary DNA strands to form a gate through which a second double-stranded DNA segment is passed, after which the severed strands in the first DNA segment are rejoined; changes the linking number in multiples of 2.
61506 DNA topoisomerase type II (ATP-independent) activity F Catalysis of a DNA topological transformation by transiently cleaving a pair of complementary DNA strands to form a gate through which a second double-stranded DNA segment is passed, after which the severed strands in the first DNA segment are rejoined; product release is not coupled to ATP binding and hydrolysis; changes the linking number in multiples of 2.
61507 cyclic-GMP-AMP binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cyclic-GMP-AMP (cGAMP) cyclic nucleotide.
61508 CDP phosphorylation P The process of introducing a phosphate group into CDP to produce a CTP.
61509 asymmetric protein localization to old mitotic spindle pole body P Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained to the old mitotic spindle pole body resulting in its being distributed asymmetrically.
61510 asymmetric protein localization to new mitotic spindle pole body P Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained to the new mitotic spindle pole body resulting in its being distributed asymmetrically.
61511 centriole elongation P The centrosome organization process by which a centriole increases in length as part of the process of replication.
61512 protein localization to cilium P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cilium.
61513 glucose 6-phosphate:inorganic phosphate antiporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose 6-phosphate(out) + inorganic phosphate(in) = glucose 6-phosphate(in) + inorganic phosphate(out).
61514 interleukin-34-mediated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-34 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
61515 myeloid cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a myeloid cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
61516 monocyte proliferation P The expansion of a monocyte population by cell division.
61517 macrophage proliferation P The expansion of a macrophage population by cell division.
61518 microglial cell proliferation P The expansion of a microglial cell population by cell division.
61519 macrophage homeostasis P The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of macrophage cells such that the total number of myeloid cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.
61520 Langerhans cell differentiation P The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a Langerhans cell.
61521 hepatic stellate cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a hepatic stellate cell.
61522 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-CoA thioesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-CoA + H2O = 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate + CoA.
61523 cilium disassembly P A cellular process that results in the breakdown of a cilium.
61524 central canal development P The process whose specific outcome is the formation of the central canal of the spinal cord from its formation to the mature structure. The central canal is a spinal cord structure that is part of the ventricular system and is filled with cerebral-spinal fluid and runs the length of the spinal cord.
61525 hindgut development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hindgut over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The hindgut is part of the alimentary canal that lies posterior to the midgut.
61526 acetylcholine secretion P The regulated release of acetylcholine by a cell.
61527 dopamine secretion, neurotransmission P The regulated release of dopamine by a cell in which the dopamine acts as a neurotransmitter.
61528 aspartate secretion P The regulated release of aspartate by a cell.
61529 epinephrine secretion, neurotransmission P The regulated release of epinephrine by a cell in which the epinephrine acts as a neurotransmitter.
61530 aspartate secretion, neurotransmission P The regulated release of aspartate by a cell in which the aspartate acts as a neurotransmitter.
61531 primary amine secretion P The regulated release of a primary amine by a cell.
61532 primary amine secretion, neurotransmission P The regulated release of a primary amine by a cell, in which the primary amine acts as a neurotransmitter.
61533 norepinephrine secretion, neurotransmission P The regulated release of norepinephrine by a cell, in which the norepinephrine acts as a neurotransmitter.
61534 gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion, neurotransmission P The regulated release of gamma-aminobutyric acid by a cell, in which the gamma-aminobutyric acid acts as a neurotransmitter.
61535 glutamate secretion, neurotransmission P The controlled release of glutamate by a cell, in which the glutamate acts as a neurotransmitter.
61536 glycine secretion P The controlled release of glycine by a cell.
61537 glycine secretion, neurotransmission P The controlled release of glycine by a cell, in which glycine acts as a neurotransmitter.
61538 histamine secretion, neurotransmission P The controlled release of histamine by a cell, in which the histamine acts as a neurotransmitter.
61539 octopamine secretion P The controlled release of octopamine by a cell.
61540 octopamine secretion, neurotransmission P The controlled release of octopamine by a cell, in which the octopamine acts as a neurotransmitter.
61541 rhabdomere morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of a rhabdomere are generated and organized. The rhabdomere is the organelle on the apical surface of a photoreceptor cell that contains the visual pigments.
61542 3-demethylubiquinone-n 3-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-demethylubiquinone-n = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + ubiquinone-n.
61543 3-demethylubiquinone-6 3-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-demethylubiquinone-6 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + ubiquinone-6.
61544 peptide secretion, neurotransmission P The controlled release of a peptide from a cell in which the peptide acts as a neurotransmitter.
61545 tyramine secretion P The regulated release of a tyramine by a cell.
61546 tyramine secretion, neurotransmission P The regulated release of a tyramine by a cell in which the tyramine acts as a neurotransmitter.
61547 glycogen synthase activity, transferring glucose-1-phosphate F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + (1,4)-alpha-D-glucosyl(n) = UMP + (1,4)-alpha-D-glucosyl(n)-glucose-1-phosphate.
61548 ganglion development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
61549 sympathetic ganglion development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a sympathetic ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
61550 cranial ganglion development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cranial ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
61551 trigeminal ganglion development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a trigeminal ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
61552 ganglion morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of ganglion are generated and organized.
61553 ganglion maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for ganglion to attain its fully functional state.
61554 ganglion formation P The process that gives rise to ganglion. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
61555 ganglion structural organization P The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of a ganglion. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.
61556 trigeminal ganglion morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structure of a trigeminal ganglion is generated and organized.
61557 trigeminal ganglion maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a trigeminal ganglion to attain its fully functional state.
61558 cranial ganglion maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a cranial ganglion to attain its fully functional state.
61559 cranial ganglion morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structure of a cranial ganglion is generated and organized.
61560 cranial ganglion formation P The process that gives rise to a cranial ganglion. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
61561 trigeminal ganglion formation P The process that gives rise to the trigeminal ganglion. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
61562 cranial ganglion structural organization P The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of a cranial ganglion. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.
61563 trigeminal ganglion structural organization P The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of the trigeminal ganglion This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.
61564 axon development P The progression of an axon over time. Covers axonogenesis (de novo generation of an axon) and axon regeneration (regrowth), as well as processes pertaining to the progression of the axon over time (fasciculation and defasciculation).
61565 dAMP phosphorylation P The process of introducing a phosphate group into dAMP, deoxyadenosine monophosphate, to produce dADP. Addition of two phosphate groups produces dATP.
61566 CMP phosphorylation P The process of introducing a phosphate group into CMP, cytidine monophosphate, to produce CDP. Addition of two phosphate groups produces CTP.
61567 dCMP phosphorylation P The process of introducing a phosphate group into dCMP, deoxycytidine monophosphate, to produce dCDP. Addition of two phosphate groups produces dCTP.
61568 GDP phosphorylation P The process of introducing a phosphate group into GDP, guanosine diphosphate, to produce GTP.
61569 UDP phosphorylation P The process of introducing a phosphate group into UDP, uridine diphosphate, to produce UTP.
61570 dCDP phosphorylation P The process of introducing a phosphate group into dCDP to produce a dCTP.
61571 TDP phosphorylation P The process of introducing a phosphate group into TDP to produce a TTP.
61572 actin filament bundle organization P A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an actin filament bundle.
61573 actin filament bundle retrograde transport P A process of actin filament bundle distribution that results in the arrangement of actin filament bundles from the periphery toward the interior of the cell.
61574 ASAP complex C A protein complex involved in regulation of mRNA processing and apoptosis. It binds to RNA in a sequence-independent manner and is recruited to the EJC prior to or during the splicing process. In humans the core proteins are RNPS1, SAP18 and ACIN1.
61575 cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity F Binds to and increases the activity of a cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase.
61576 acyl-CoA ceramide synthase complex C A protein complex that catalyzes the reaction acyl-CoA + sphingosine = CoA + N-acylsphingosine. In S. cerevisiae it contains three subunits: lag1, lac1 and lip1.
61577 calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channel P A process in which a calcium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of a high voltage-gated calcium channel.
61578 Lys63-specific deubiquitinase activity F Hydrolysis of Lys63-Linked ubiquitin unit(s) from a ubiquitinated protein.
61579 N-acyl homoserine lactone synthase activity F Catalyzing the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + S-adenosyl-L-methionine -> [acyl-carrier- protein] + S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone.
61580 colon epithelial cell migration P The orderly movement of a colonic epithelial cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism.
61581 corneal epithelial cell migration P The orderly movement of a corneal epithelial cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism.
61582 intestinal epithelial cell migration P The orderly movement of an intestinal epithelial cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism.
61583 colon epithelial cell chemotaxis P The directed movement of a colon epithelial cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).
61584 hypocretin secretion P The controlled release of hypocretin from a cell or a tissue.
61585 hypocretin secretion, neurotransmission P The controlled release of a peptide from a cell or a tissue in which the peptide acts as a neurotransmitter.
61586 positive regulation of transcription by transcription factor localization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-dependent transcription using a mechanism that involves the localization of a transcription factor.
61587 transfer RNA gene-mediated silencing P The chromatin silencing that results in the inhibition of RNA polymerase II-transcribed genes located in the vicinity of tRNA genes.
61588 calcium activated phospholipid scrambling P The movement of a population of phospholipid molecules from one leaflet of the plasma membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet as a result of a calcium stimulus.
61589 calcium activated phosphatidylserine scrambling P The movement of a population of phosphatidylserine molecules from one leaflet of the plasma membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet as a result of a calcium stimulus.
61590 calcium activated phosphatidylcholine scrambling P The movement of a population of phosphatidylcholine molecules from one leaflet of the plasma membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet as a result of a calcium stimulus.
61591 calcium activated galactosylceramide scrambling P The movement of a population of galactosylceramide molecules from one leaflet of the plasma membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet as a result of a calcium stimulus.
61592 phosphatidylserine exposure on osteoblast involved in bone mineralization P A phospholipid scrambling process that results in the appearance of phosphatidylserine on the surface of osteoblasts, and contributes to bone mineralization.
61593 sulfoquinovose isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction sulfoquinovose = 6-deoxy-6-sulfofructose.
61594 6-deoxy-6-sulfofructose kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction 6-deoxy-6-sulfofructose + ATP = 6-deoxy-6-sulfofructose-1-phosphate + ADP.
61595 6-deoxy-6-sulfofructose-1-phosphate aldolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction 6-deoxy-6-sulfofructose-1-phosphate = 3-sulfolactaldehyde + dihydroxyacetone phosphate.
61596 3-sulfolactaldehyde reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction 2,3-dihydroxypropane-1-sulfonate + NAD+ = 3-sulfolactaldehyde + NADH + H+.
61598 molybdopterin adenylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction ATP + molybdopterin = diphosphate + adenylyl-molybdopterin.
61599 molybdopterin molybdotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction adenylyl-molybdopterin + molybdate = molybdenum cofactor + AMP.
61602 molybdenum cofactor cytidylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction CTP + molybdenum cofactor = diphosphate + cytidylyl molybdenum cofactor.
61603 molybdenum cofactor guanylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction GTP + molybdenum cofactor = diphosphate + guanylyl molybdenum cofactor.
61604 molybdopterin-synthase sulfurtransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: [Molybdopterin-synthase sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-Gly-AMP + [cysteine desulfurase]-S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine <=> AMP [molybdopterin-synthase sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-NH-CH(2)-C(O)SH + cysteine desulfurase.
61605 molybdopterin-synthase adenylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP [molybdopterin-synthase sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-Gly = diphosphate [molybdopterin-synthase sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-Gly-AMP.
61606 N-terminal protein amino acid propionylation P The propionylation of the N-terminal amino acid of proteins.
61607 peptide alpha-N-propionyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: propionyl-CoA + peptide = CoA + N-alpha-propionylpeptide. This reaction is the propionylation of the N-terminal amino acid residue of a peptide or protein.
61608 nuclear import signal receptor activity F Combining with a nuclear import signal (NIS) to mediate transport of the NIS-containing protein through the nuclear pore to the nucleus.
61609 fructose-1-phosphate aldolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose-1-phosphate = dihydroxyacetone phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde.
61610 glycerol to glycerone phosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways in which glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, is converted to glycerone phosphate.
61611 mannose to fructose-6-phosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways in which mannose, the aldohexose manno-hexose, is converted to fructose-6-phosphate.
61612 galactose to glucose-1-phosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways in which galactose, the aldohexose galacto-hexose, is converted to glucose-1-phosphate.
61613 glycolytic process from glycerol P The glycolytic process in which glycerol is catabolized to pyruvate generating ATP and NADH.
61614 pri-miRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P The cellular synthesis of primary microRNA (pri-miRNA) transcripts from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter. pri-miRNA transcripts are subsequently processed to produce the ~22nt miRNAs that function in gene regulation.
61615 glycolytic process through fructose-6-phosphate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a monosaccharide into pyruvate, occurring through a fructose-6-phosphate intermediate, with the concomitant production of ATP and NADH.
61616 glycolytic process from fructose through fructose-6-phosphate P The glycolytic process through fructose-6-phosphate in which fructose is catabolized into pyruvate.
61617 MICOS complex C Mitochondrial inner membrane complex involved in maintenance of crista junctions, inner membrane architecture, and formation of contact sites to the outer membrane. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the complex has six subunits: MIC10, MIC12, MIC19, MIC26, MIC27, and MIC60.
61618 sublamina densa C The part of the basement membrane that lies beneath the lamina densa, containing anchoring fibrils, anchoring plaques, collagen fibers, and elastic fibers.
61619 glycolytic process from mannose through fructose-6-phosphate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mannose into pyruvate, occurring through a fructose-6-phosphate intermediate, with the concomitant production of ATP and NADH.
61620 glycolytic process through glucose-6-phosphate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a carbohydrate into pyruvate, occurring through a glucose-6-phosphate intermediate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP.
61621 canonical glycolysis P The glycolytic process that begins with the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate by glucokinase activity. Glycolytic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a carbohydrate into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP.
61622 glycolytic process through glucose-1-phosphate P The chemical reactions and pathways through a glucose-1-phosphate intermediate that result in the catabolism of a carbohydrate into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP.
61623 glycolytic process from galactose P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactose into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP.
61624 fructose catabolic process to hydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructose that results in the formation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.
61625 glycolytic process through fructose-1-phosphate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructose into pyruvate through a fructose-1-phosphate intermediate, with the concomitant production of ATP and NADH.
61626 pharyngeal arch artery morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of a pharyngeal arch artery is generated and organized. The pharyngeal arch arteries are a series of six paired embryological vascular structures, the development of which give rise to several major arteries, such as the stapedial artery, the middle meningeal artery, the internal carotid artery and the pulmonary artery.
61627 S-methylmethionine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H+.
61628 H3K27me3 modified histone binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a histone H3 in which the lysine residue at position 27 has been modified by trimethylation.
61629 RNA polymerase II sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor, any of the factors that interact selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription.
61630 ubiquitin protein ligase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of ubiquitin to a substrate protein via the reaction X-ubiquitin + S -> X + S-ubiquitin, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-ubiquitin linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-ubiquitin linkage is an amide bond: an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal glycine of ubiquitin and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate or, in the linear extension of ubiquitin chains, a peptide bond the between the C-terminal glycine and N-terminal methionine of ubiquitin residues.
61631 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme activity F Isoenergetic transfer of ubiquitin from one protein to another via the reaction X-ubiquitin + Y -> Y-ubiquitin + X, where both the X-ubiquitin and Y-ubiquitin linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal glycine of ubiquitin and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.
61632 RNA lariat debranching enzyme activator activity F Increases the activity of an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of branched RNA structures that contain vicinal 2'-5'- and 3'-5'-phosphodiester bonds at a branch point nucleotide.
61633 transport-coupled glycolytic process through glucose-6-phosphate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate, in which the glucose is converted to glucose-6-phosphate intermediate coupled to transmembrane transport.
61634 alpha-D-xyloside xylohydrolase F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-D-xylose residues with release of alpha-D-xylose.
61635 regulation of protein complex stability P Any process that affects the structure and integrity of a protein complex by altering the likelihood of its assembly or disassembly.
61638 CENP-A containing chromatin C The specialized chromatin located the centromeric core region or the entire centromeric region in organisms with point centromeres, which is enriched for CENP-A-containing nucleosomes. This chromatin forms a 3-dimensional structure which provides a platform for kinetochore assembly and microtubule attachment.
61639 Cdv-dependent cytokinesis P A cytokinesis that involves a set of conserved proteins including the Cdv proteins, and results in the formation of two similarly sized and shaped cells.
61640 cytoskeleton-dependent cytokinesis P A cytokinesis that involves the function of a set of proteins that are part of the microfilament or microtubule cytoskeleton.
61641 CENP-A containing chromatin organization P Any process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the physical structure of CENP-A containing chromatin.
61642 chemoattraction of axon P The process in which a neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to an attractive chemical signal.
61643 chemorepulsion of axon P The process in which a neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to a repulsive chemical cue.
61644 protein localization to CENP-A containing chromatin P Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, CENP-A containing chromatin.
61645 endocytic patch C The part of the cell cortex consisting of an aggregation of proteins that will give rise to an endocytic vesicle.
61646 positive regulation of glutamate neurotransmitter secretion in response to membrane depolarization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glutamate secretion in response to membrane depolarization, where glutamate acts as a neurotransmitter.
61647 histone H3-K9 modification P The modification of histone H3 at a lysine in position 9 of the histone.
61648 tooth replacement P The process whose specific outcome is the replacement of an existing tooth with another tooth.
61649 ubiquitinated histone binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a histone protein in which a residue has been modified by ubiquitination. Histones are any of a group of water-soluble proteins found in association with the DNA of plant and animal chromosomes.
61650 ubiquitin-like protein conjugating enzyme activity F Isoenergetic transfer of a ubiquitin-like protein (ULP) from one protein to another via the reaction X-SCP + Y -> Y-SCP + X, where both the X-SCP and Y-SCP linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of SCP and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.
61651 Atg12 conjugating enzyme activity F Isoenergetic transfer of Atg12 from one protein to another via the reaction X-Atg12 + Y -> Y-Atg12 + X, where both the X-Atg12 and Y-Atg12 linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of Atg12 and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.
61652 FAT10 conjugating enzyme activity F Isoenergetic transfer of FAT10 from one protein to another via the reaction X-FAT10 + Y -> Y-FAT10 + X, where both the X-FAT10 and Y-FAT10 linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of FAT10 and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.
61653 ISG15 conjugating enzyme activity F Isoenergetic transfer of ISG15 from one protein to another via the reaction X-ISG15 + Y -> Y-ISG15 + X, where both the X-ISG15 and Y-ISG15 linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of ISG15 and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.
61654 NEDD8 conjugating enzyme activity F Isoenergetic transfer of NEDD8 from one protein to another via the reaction X-NEDD8 + Y -> Y-NEDD8 + X, where both the X-NEDD8 and Y-NEDD8 linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of NEDD8 and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.
61655 Pup conjugating enzyme activity F Isoenergetic transfer of Pup from one protein to another via the reaction X-Pup + Y -> Y-Pup + X, where both the X-Pup and Y-Pup linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of Pup and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.
61656 SUMO conjugating enzyme activity F Isoenergetic transfer of SUMO from one protein to another via the reaction X-SUMO + Y -> Y-SUMO + X, where both the X-SUMO and Y-SUMO linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of SUMO and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.
61657 UFM1 conjugating enzyme activity F Isoenergetic transfer of UFM1 from one protein to another via the reaction X-UFM1 + Y -> Y-UFM1 + X, where both the X-UFM1 and Y-UFM1 linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of UFM1 and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.
61658 URM1 conjugating enzyme activity F Isoenergetic transfer of URM1 from one protein to another via the reaction X-URM1 + Y -> Y-URM1 + X, where both the X-URM1 and Y-URM1 linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of URM1 and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.
61659 ubiquitin-like protein ligase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a ubiquitin-like protein (ULP) to a substrate protein via the reaction X-ULP + S --> X + S-ULP, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-ULP linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-ULP linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal glycine of ULP and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.
61660 Atg12 ligase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of Atg12 to a substrate protein via the reaction X-Atg12 + S --> X + S-Atg12, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-Atg12 linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-Atg12 linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal amino acid of Atg12 and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.
61661 FAT10 ligase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of FAT10 to a substrate protein via the reaction X-FAT10 + S --> X + S-FAT10, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-FAT10 linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-FAT10 linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal glycine of FAT10 and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.
61662 ISG15 ligase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a ISG15 to a substrate protein via the reaction X-ISG15 + S --> X + S-ISG15, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-ISG15 linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-ISG15 linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal amino acid of ISG15 and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.
61663 NEDD8 ligase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of NEDD8 to a substrate protein via the reaction X-NEDD8 + S --> X + S-NEDD8, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-NEDD8 linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-NEDD8 linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal amino acid of NEDD8 and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.
61664 Pup ligase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of Pup to a substrate protein via the reaction X-Pup + S --> X + S-Pup, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-Pup linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-Pup linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal amino acid of Pup and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.
61665 SUMO ligase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of SUMO to a substrate protein via the reaction X-SUMO + S --> X + S-SUMO, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-SUMO linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-SUMO linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal amino acid of SUMO and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.
61666 UFM1 ligase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of UFM1 to a substrate protein via the reaction X-UFM1 + S --> X + S-UFM1, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-UFM1 linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-UFM1 linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal amino acid of UFM1 and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.
61667 URM1 ligase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of URM1 to a substrate protein via the reaction X-URM1 + S --> X + S-URM1, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-URM1 linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-URM1 linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal amino acid of URM1 and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.
61668 mitochondrial ribosome assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the mitochondrial ribosome and of its subunits.
61669 spontaneous neurotransmitter secretion P Neurotransmitter secretion that occurs in the absence of the action of a secretagogue or a presynaptic action potential.
61670 evoked neurotransmitter secretion P Neurotransmitter secretion that occurs in the presence of the action of a secretagogue or a presynaptic action potential.
61671 Cbp3p-Cbp6 complex C A protein complex located at the mitochondrial ribosome tunnel exit that is involved in efficient translation and protein complex assembly.
61672 glutathione hydrolase complex C Enzyme complex that in S. cerevisiae has components Dug2/Dug3 and is able to catalyze the cleavage of glutathione into glutamate and Cys-Gly.
61673 mitotic spindle astral microtubule C Any of the mitotic spindle microtubules that radiate in all directions from the spindle poles and are thought to contribute to the forces that separate the poles and position them in relation to the rest of the cell.
61674 gap filling involved in double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining P Repair of the gaps in the DNA helix using a discontinuous template during double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining.
61675 RBL family protein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any member of the rhamnose-binding lectin (RBL) family, a family of animal lectins that show specific binding activities to L-rhamnose or D-galactose.
61676 importin-alpha family protein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any member of the importin-alpha family.
61677 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate aldolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate <=> pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde.
61678 Entner-Doudoroff pathway P A cellular carbohydrate catabolic process that converts a carbohydrate to pyruvate and either glyceraldehyde or glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate by dehydration and aldol cleavage via a gluconate or 6-phosphogluconate intermediate.
61679 Entner-Doudoroff pathway through gluconate P The Entner-Doudoroff pathway that proceeds through a D-gluconate intermediate.
61680 Entner-Doudoroff pathway through gluconate to D-glyceraldehyde P The Entner-Doudoroff pathway that proceeds through a D-gluconate intermediate and yields pyruvate and D-glyceraldehyde.
61681 Entner-Doudoroff pathway through gluconate to D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate P The Entner-Doudoroff pathway that proceeds through a D-gluconate intermediate and yields pyruvate and D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.
61682 seminal vesicle morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of a seminal vesicle are generated and organized.
61683 branching involved in seminal vesicle morphogenesis P The process in which the branching structure of the seminal vesicle is generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem.
61684 chaperone-mediated autophagy P The autophagy process which begins when chaperones and co-chaperones recognize a KFERQ-related motif and unfold the substrate protein. The process ends with the catabolism of the protein in the lysosome.
61685 diphthine methylesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: diphthine methyl ester + H2O <=> diphthine + H+ + methanol.
61686 hercynylcysteine sulfoxide synthase F Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine + O2 <=> hercynylcysteine sulfoxide + H2O.
61687 detoxification of inorganic compound P Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of inorganic compounds. These include transport of such compounds away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of inorganic compounds.
61688 glycolytic process via Entner-Doudoroff Pathway P A glycolytic process in which the glucose is catabolized to pyruvate by first entering the Entner-Doudoroff pathway to yield pyruvate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. The glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is subsequently converted to pyruvate by the core glycolytic enzymes.
61689 tricellular tight junction C An specialized occluding junction where three epithelial cells meet. It is composed of a branching network of sealing strands that run perpendicularly to the bicellular tight junction at the point of contact between three epithelial cells in an epithelial sheet.
61690 lipoamidase activity F Catalysis of the cleavage of the amide bond to release lipoic acid from a lipoylated protein.
61691 detoxification of hydrogen peroxide P Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of hydrogen peroxide. These include transport of hydrogen peroxide away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration.
61692 cellular detoxification of hydrogen peroxide P Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of hydrogen peroxide in a cell. These include transport of hydrogen peroxide away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration.
61693 alpha-D-ribose 1-methylphosphonate 5-triphosphate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + methylphosphonate = alpha-D-ribose 1-methylphosphonate 5-triphosphate + adenine.
61694 alpha-D-ribose 1-methylphosphonate 5-triphosphate synthase complex C A catalytic protein complex that is capable of alpha-D-ribose 1-methylphosphonate 5-triphosphate synthase activity.
61695 transferase complex, transferring phosphorus-containing groups C A transferase complex capable of catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
61696 pituitary gonadotropin complex C A protein complex that is a protein hormone secreted by gonadotrope cells of the anterior pituitary of vertebrates. capable of regulating normal growth, sexual development, and reproductive function.
61697 protein-glutaryllysine deglutarylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: protein-glutaryllysine + H2O => protein-lysine + glutarate. This reaction is the removal of a glutaryl group from a glutarylated lysine residue of a protein or peptide.
61698 protein deglutarylation P The removal of a glutaryl group (CO-CH2-CH2-CH2-CO) from a residue in a peptide or protein.
61699 peptidyl-lysine deglutarylation P The removal of a glutaryl group (CO-CH2-CH2--CH2-CO) from a glutarylated lysine residue in a peptide or protein.
61700 GATOR2 complex C A multiprotein subcomplex of GATOR that regulates mTOR signaling by interacting with the Rag GTPases. In humans this complex consists of Mios, WDR24, WDR59, Seh1L, Sec13.
61701 bacterial outer membrane vesicle C A spherical, bilayered proteolipid vesicle released from gram-negative bacterial outer membranes.
61702 inflammasome complex C A cytosolic protein complex that is capable of activating caspase-1.
61703 pyroptosome complex C A protein complex that consists of an assemble of ASC dimers that is capable of inducing pyroptosis.
61704 glycolytic process from sucrose P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a sucrose into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP and the reduction of NAD(P) to NAD(P)H. Glycolysis begins with the metabolism of a carbohydrate to generate products that can enter the pathway and ends with the production of pyruvate. Pyruvate may be converted to acetyl-coenzyme A, ethanol, lactate, or other small molecules.
61705 sucrose catabolic process to fructose-6-phosphate through glucose and fructose P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sucrose, to yield fructose-6-phosphate through both glucose and fructose intermediates.
61706 glycolytic process from sucrose through glucose and fructose P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sucrose into pyruvate through both glucose and fructose intermediates, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP and the reduction of NAD(P) to NAD(P)H. Glycolysis begins with the metabolism of a carbohydrate to generate products that can enter the pathway and ends with the production of pyruvate. Pyruvate may be converted to acetyl-coenzyme A, ethanol, lactate, or other small molecules.
61707 extracellular exosome macropinocytosis P The single-organism macropinocytosis process that results in the uptake of an extracellular exosome.
61708 tRNA-5-taurinomethyluridine 2-sulfurtransferase F Catalysis of 5-taurinomethyluridine in tRNA + a [protein]-S-sulfanylcysteine + ATP + a reduced electron acceptor = a 5-taurinomethyl-2-thiouridine in tRNA + a [protein]-L-cysteine + AMP + an oxidized electron acceptor + diphosphate + H+.
61709 reticulophagy P The autophagic process in which parts of the endoplasmic reticulum are loaded into autophagosomes, delivered to the vacuole, and degraded in response to changing cellular conditions.
61710 L-threonylcarbamoyladenylate synthase F Catalysis of the reaction: L-threonine + ATP + bicarbonate = L-threonylcarbamoyladenylate + diphosphate + H(2)O.
61711 N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenine synthase F Catalysis of the reaction: L-threonylcarbamoyladenylate + adenine(37) in tRNA = AMP + N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenine(37) in tRNA.
61712 tRNA (N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37)-C(2))-methylthiotransferase F Catalysis of the reaction: N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenine(37) in tRNA + sulfur-(sulfur carrier) + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylthio-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenine(37) in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (sulfur carrier) + L-methionine + 5'-deoxyadenosine.
61713 anterior neural tube closure P The step in the formation of the neural tube, where the paired anterior neural folds are brought together and fuse at the dorsal midline.
61714 folic acid receptor activity F Combining selectively with extracellular folic acid and delivering it into the cell via endocytosis.
61715 miRNA 2'-O-methylation P The posttranscriptional addition of a methyl group to the 2' oxygen atom of a nucleotide residue in an miRNA molecule.
61716 miRNA export from nucleus P The directed movement of a processed miRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
61717 miRNA transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of cleaved miRNAs between the nucleus and the cytoplasm of a cell.
61718 glucose catabolic process to pyruvate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose, with the production of pyruvate.
61719 glucose catabolic process to pyruvate utilizing ADP P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP and the utilization of ADP in the initial kinase reactions.
61720 6-sulfoquinovose(1-) catabolic process to glycerone phosphate and 3-sulfolactaldehyde P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 6-sulfoquinovose(1-) resulting in the formation of glycerone phosphate (DHAP) and 3-sulfolactaldehyde (SLA).
61721 6-sulfoquinovose(1-) catabolic process to 3-sulfopropanediol(1-) P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 6-sulfoquinovose(1-) resulting in the formation of glycerone phosphate (DHAP) and 3-sulfopropanediol(1-).
61722 sulphoglycolysis P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 6-sulfoquinovose(1-) resulting in the formation of glycerone phosphate (DHAP) and pyruvate.
61723 glycophagy P The autophagic process in which cellular glycogen is delivered to the vacuole and degraded in response to changing cellular conditions.
61724 lipophagy P The autophagic process in which lipid droplets are delivered to the vacuole and degraded in response to changing cellular conditions.
61725 cytosolic lipolysis P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipid droplets and hydrolysis of stored triglycerides occurring through the orchestrated activation of cytosolic lipases.
61726 mitochondrion disassembly P The disaggregation of a mitochondrion into its constituent components.
61727 methylglyoxal catabolic process to lactate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylglyoxal, CH3-CO-CHO, into lactate.
61728 GDP-mannose biosynthetic process from mannose P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-mannose from mannose.
61729 GDP-mannose biosynthetic process from fructose-6-phosphate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-mannose from fructose-6-phosphate.
61730 C-rich strand telomeric DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with C-rich, single-stranded, telomere-associated DNA.
61731 ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity F Catalysis of the formation of 2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate from ribonucleoside diphosphate, using either thioredoxin disulfide or glutaredoxin disulfide as an acceptor.
61732 mitochondrial acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from pyruvate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA from pyruvate in the mitochondrion. The process begins with the transport of pyruvate from the cytosol to the mitochondrion where it is subsequently decarboxylated to form acetyl-CoA.
61733 peptide-lysine-N-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + lysine in peptide = CoA + N-acetyl-lysine-peptide.
61734 parkin-mediated mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization P The macromitophagy pathway that is triggered by mitochondrial depolarization and requires the function of a parkin-family molecule.
61735 dynamin-like protein-mediated mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization P The macromitophagy pathway that is triggered by mitochondrial depolarization and requires the function of a dynamin-like molecule.
61736 engulfment of target by autophagosome P The membrane invagination process by which an autophagosomal membrane surrounds an object that will be degraded by macroautophagy.
61737 leukotriene signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals that proceeds with an activated receptor promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The GTP-bound activated alpha-G-protein then dissociates from the beta- and gamma-subunits to further transmit the signal within the cell. The pathway begins with receptor-leukotriene interaction and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
61738 late endosomal microautophagy P The autophagy process by which cytosolic proteins targeted for degradation are tagged with a chaperone and are directly transferred into and degraded in a late endosomal compartment.
61739 protein lipidation involved in autophagosome assembly P The protein lipidation process by which phosphatidylethanolamine is conjugated to a protein of the ATG8 family, leading to membrane insertion of the protein as a step in autophagosome assembly.
61740 protein targeting to lysosome involved in chaperone-mediated autophagy P The targeting of a protein to the lysosome process in which an input protein binds to a chaperone and subsequently to a lysosomal receptor.
61741 chaperone-mediated protein transport involved in chaperone-mediated autophagy P The chaperone-mediated protein transport process in which a protein that is bound to a chaperone and a lysosomal receptor is unfolded and transported into the lysosome as part of chaperone-mediated autophagy.
61742 chaperone-mediated autophagy translocation complex C A lysosomal membrane protein complex that enables the translocation of a target protein across the lysosomal membrane as part of chaperone-mediated autophagy.
61743 motor learning P Any process in which an organism acquires a novel neuromuscular action or movement as the result of experience.
61744 motor behavior P The specific neuromuscular movement of a single organism in response to external or internal stimuli.
61745 GTPase activity, coupled F Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O = GDP + phosphate; this reaction directly drives some other reaction.
61746 single-stranded DNA-dependent GTPase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O = GDP + phosphate; this reaction requires the presence of single-stranded DNA, and it drives another reaction.
61747 CTPase activity, coupled F Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + H2O = CDP + phosphate; this reaction directly drives some other reaction.
61748 single-stranded DNA-dependent CTPase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + H2O = CDP + phosphate; this reaction requires the presence of single-stranded DNA, and it drives another reaction.
61749 forked DNA-dependent helicase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NTP + H2O = NDP + phosphate, to drive the unwinding of a DNA helix containing forked DNA.
61750 acid sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + sphingomyelin = ceramide + choline phosphate + H(+) in an acidic environment.
61751 neutral sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + sphingomyelin = ceramide + choline phosphate + H(+) in a neutral environment.
61752 telomeric repeat-containing RNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with long non-coding RNA molecules transcribed from subtelomeric regions in most eukaryotes. Telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) molecules consist of subtelomeric-derived sequences and G-rich telomeric repeats.
61753 substrate localization to autophagosome P The localization process by which an autophagic substrate is delivered to a forming autophagosome.
61754 negative regulation of circulating fibrinogen levels P Any process that reduces the quantity of fibrinogen circulating in the bloodstream.
61755 positive regulation of circulating fibrinogen levels P Any process that increases the quantity of fibrinogen circulating in the bloodstream.
61756 leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell P The attachment of a leukocyte to vascular endothelial cell via adhesion molecules.
61757 leukocyte adhesion to arterial endothelial cell P The attachment of a leukocyte to an arterial endothelial cell via adhesion molecules.
61758 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase activity, forward reaction F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + acceptor -> 2-oxoglutarate + reduced acceptor.
61759 alpha-ketoglutarate reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + reduced acceptor -> (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + acceptor.
61760 antifungal innate immune response P An defense response against a fungus mediated through an innate immune response. An innate immune response is mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.
61761 alpha-latrotoxin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an alpha-latrotoxin receptor.
61762 CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade P A series of molecular signals in which calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity enabled by a CAMKK directly activates an AMPK. The cascade begins with calmodulin binding calcium which in turn binds CAMKK enabling its calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity. The cascade ends with AMP-activated protein kinase activity.
61763 multivesicular body-lysosome fusion P The organelle membrane fusion process in which the membrane of a multivesicular body fuses with a lysosome to create a hybrid organelle.
61764 late endosome to lysosome transport via multivesicular body sorting pathway P The directed movement of substances from late endosomes to lysosomes by a pathway in which molecules are sorted into multivesicular bodies, which then fuse with the lysosome.
61765 modulation by virus of host NIK/NF-kappaB signaling P Any process in which a virus effect a change in the frequency, rate or extent of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling in the host.
61766 positive regulation of lung blood pressure P The process that increases the force with which blood travels through the lungs.
61767 negative regulation of lung blood pressure P The process that decreases the force with which blood travels through the lungs.
61768 magnesium:sodium antiporter activity F Catalysis of the reaction: Na+(in) + Mg2+(out) = Na+(out) + Mg2+(in).
61769 ribosylnicotinate kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N-ribosylnicotinate + ATP = ADP + 2 H(+) + nicotinate mononucleotide.
61770 translation elongation factor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a translation elongation factor, any polypeptide factor involved in the peptide elongation in ribosome-mediated translation.
61771 response to caloric restriction P A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a caloric restriction, insufficient food energy intake.
61772 drug transport across blood-nerve barrier P The directed movement of drugs passing through the blood-nerve barrier.
61773 eNoSc complex C A chromatin silencing complex that recruits histone-modifying enzymes and upregulates silencing of rDNA in response to glucose starvation.
61774 cohesin unloading P Negative regulation of sister chromatid cohesion by the topological unlinking of a cohesin ring to DNA.
61775 cohesin ATPase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; this reaction drives the topological linking or unlinking of chromatin from a cohesin ring complex.
61776 topological DNA entrapment activity F The DNA binding activity by which a protein complex interacts selectively and non-covalently with more than one DNA duplex to encircle the DNA molecules with a loose fitting ring.
61777 DNA clamp activity F A DNA binding activity in which a protein complex interacts selectively and non-covalently with single DNA duplex to tightly encircle the DNA.
61778 intracellular chloride channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of chloride across the membrane of an intracellular compartment. Transport by a channel involves catalysis of facilitated diffusion of a solute (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel, without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.
61779 Tapasin-ERp57 complex C Subunit of the MHC class I peptide loading complex (GO:0042824) (=PLC) involved in the assembly of the heavy-chain-beta2-microglobulin dimers of the MHC class I molecules that fold with eight to ten residue peptides in the endoplasmic reticulum. Required for the inhibition of the reduction of the disulfide bonds of the heavy chains and the assembly and stabilization of the PLC, suggesting it may play a structural rather than a catalytic role.
61780 mitotic cohesin loading P The protein localization to chromatin by which a cohesin ring complex is topologically linked to DNA as part of the mitotic cell cycle.
61781 mitotic cohesin unloading P Negative regulation of sister chromatid cohesion by the topological unlinking of a cohesin ring to DNA as part of the mitotic cell cycle.
61782 vesicle fusion with vesicle P Fusion of the membrane of a transport vesicle with a target membrane on another vesicle.
61783 peptidoglycan muralytic activity F A catalytic activity that contributes to the degradation of peptidoglycan.
61784 peptidoglycan N-acetylglucosaminidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta linkages of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) from peptidoglycan.
61785 peptidoglycan endopeptidase activity F An endopeptidase activity that uses peptidoglycan as a substrate.
61786 peptidoglycan stem peptide endopeptidase activity F A peptidoglycan endopeptidase activity that acts on a stem peptide of peptidoglycan.
61787 peptidoglycan cross-bridge peptide endopeptidase activity F A peptidoglycan endopeptidase activity that acts on a peptidoglycan cross-bridge.
61788 EGF repeat binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) repeats.
61789 dense core granule priming P A process that converts unprimed dense core granules (DCVs) to a pool of primed vesicles that are capable of fusing with the plasma membrane (fusion-competent) and thereby releasing their contents. Priming typically occurs after docking.
61790 dense core granule docking P The initial attachment of a dense core granule membrane to the plasma membrane.
61791 GTPase motor activity F Catalysis of the generation of force resulting either in movement along a microfilament or microtubule, or in torque resulting in membrane scission, coupled to the hydrolysis of GTP.
61792 secretory granule maturation P Steps required to transform an immature secretory vesicle into a mature secretory vesicle. Typically proceeds through homotypic membrane fusion and membrane remodelling.
61793 chromatin lock complex C A chromatin silencing complex that binds and bridges separate nucleosomal histones resulting in heterochromatin assembly and chromatin looping.
61794 conidium development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of conidium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Conidia are non-motile spores produced via mitotic asexual reproduction in higher fungi; they are haploid cells genetically identical to their haploid parent. They are produced by conversion of hyphal elements, or are borne on sporogenous cells on or within specialized structures termed conidiophores, and participate in dispersal of the fungus.
61795 Golgi lumen acidification P Any process that reduces the pH of the Golgi lumen, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.
61796 membrane addition at site of mitotic cytokinesis P A mitotic cell cycle process involved in the net addition of membrane at the site of cytokinesis; includes vesicle recruitment and fusion, local lipid synthesis and insertion.
61797 pH-gated chloride channel activity F A gated channel activity that enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a channel that opens in response to a change in pH.
61798 GTP 3',8'-cyclase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GTP=(8S)-3',8-cyclo-7,8-dihydroguanosine 5'-triphosphate.
61799 cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (8S)-3',8-cyclo-7,8-dihydroguanosine 5'-triphosphate = cyclic pyranopterin phosphate + diphosphate.
61800 fibronectin fibril C A supramolecular fiber formed from fibronectin molecules. The fibrils are 5 to 25nm in diameter and can form branched meshworks.
61801 laminin-5B complex C A laminin complex composed of alpha3B, beta3 and gamma2 polypeptide chains.
61802 anterior cell cortex C The region that lies just beneath the plasma membrane in the part of a cell that is closest to the anterior as defined by the developing, or existing, anterior/posterior axis.
61803 posterior cell cortex C The region that lies just beneath the plasma membrane in the part of a cell that is closest to the posterior as defined by the developing, or existing, anterior/posterior axis.
61804 mitotic spindle elongation during mitotic prophase P The cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the mitotic spindle during mitotic prophase.
61805 mitotic spindle elongation during mitotic anaphase P The cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the mitotic spindle during mitotic anaphase B.
61806 regulation of DNA recombination at centromere P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination within centromeric DNA.
61807 positive regulation of DNA recombination at centromere P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination at the centromere.
61808 negative regulation of DNA recombination at centromere P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of genetic recombination at the centromere.
61809 NAD+ nucleotidase, cyclic ADP-ribose generating F Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + H2O = nicotinamide + ADP-ribose that proceeds in a stepwise fashion by ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity followed by cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase activity.
61810 NAD glycohydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + H2O = nicotinamide + ADP-ribose without proceeding through a cyclic ADP-ribose intermediate.
61811 ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NAD = cyclic ADP-ribose + nicotinamide.
61812 cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase F Catalysis of the reaction: cyclic ADP-ribose + H20 = ADP-ribose (ADPR).
61814 condensin I complex C A condensin complex that associates with chromosomes after nuclear envelope breakdown.
61815 ubiquitinyl hydrolase activity, acting on linear ubiquitin F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ubiquitin units from linear ubiquitin chains.
61816 proteaphagy P The macroautophagy process that clears 26S proteasomes; homeostatic mechanism within the ubiquitin system that modulates proteolytic capacity and eliminates damaged particles.
61817 endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane tethering P The attachment of a the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane.
61818 tRNA folding P The process of assisting in the folding of tRNAs into the correct tertiary structure.
61819 telomeric DNA-containing double minutes formation P A telomere maintenance process that results in the formation of small fragments of circular extrachromosomal DNA elements which contain telomeric DNA. It is speculated that telomeric DNA-containing double minutes are formed through a recombination event between the telomere and chromosome-internal TTAGGG-like sequences. Telomeric DNA-containing double minutes appear as two closely positioned dots in metaphase.
61820 telomeric D-loop disassembly P A telomere loop disassembly process that results in the disassembly of telomeric D-loops. A telomeric D-loop is a three-stranded DNA displacement loop that forms at the site where the telomeric 3' single-stranded DNA overhang (formed of the repeat sequence TTAGGG in mammals) is tucked back inside the double-stranded component of telomeric DNA molecule, thus forming a t-loop or telomeric-loop and protecting the chromosome terminus.
61821 telomeric D-loop binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a telomeric D-loop. A telomeric D-loop is a three-stranded DNA displacement loop that forms at the site where the telomeric 3' single-stranded DNA overhang (formed of the repeat sequence TTAGGG in mammals) is tucked back inside the double-stranded component of telomeric DNA molecule, thus forming a t-loop or telomeric-loop and protecting the chromosome terminus.
65001 specification of axis polarity P The pattern specification process in which the polarity of a body or organ axis is established and maintained.
65002 intracellular protein transmembrane transport P The directed movement of proteins in a cell, from one side of a membrane to another by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
65003 macromolecular complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a complex.
65004 protein-DNA complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and DNA molecules to form a protein-DNA complex.
65005 protein-lipid complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and lipids to form a protein-lipid complex.
65006 protein-carbohydrate complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and carbohydrates to form a protein-carbohydrate complex.
65007 biological regulation P Any process that modulates a measurable attribute of any biological process, quality or function.
65008 regulation of biological quality P Any process that modulates a qualitative or quantitative trait of a biological quality. A biological quality is a measurable attribute of an organism or part of an organism, such as size, mass, shape, color, etc.
65009 regulation of molecular function P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding.
65010 extracellular membrane-bounded organelle C Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring outside the cell.
70001 aspartic-type peptidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which a water molecule bound by the side chains of aspartic residues at the active center acts as a nucleophile.
70002 glutamic-type peptidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism involving a glutamate/glutamine catalytic dyad.
70003 threonine-type peptidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the hydroxyl group of a threonine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile.
70004 cysteine-type exopeptidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of C- or N-terminal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile.
70005 cysteine-type aminopeptidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of N-terminal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile.
70006 metalloaminopeptidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of N-terminal amino acid residues from a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions.
70007 glutamic-type endopeptidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism involving a glutamate/glutamine catalytic dyad.
70008 serine-type exopeptidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond not more than three residues from the N- or C-terminus of a polypeptide chain by a catalytic mechanism that involves a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile that is activated by a proton relay involving an acidic residue (e.g. aspartate or glutamate) and a basic residue (usually histidine).
70009 serine-type aminopeptidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond not more than three residues from the N-terminus of a polypeptide chain by a catalytic mechanism that involves a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile that is activated by a proton relay involving an acidic residue (e.g. aspartate or glutamate) and a basic residue (usually histidine).
70010 peptidase activity, acting on D-amino acid peptides F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds formed between D-amino acids.
70011 peptidase activity, acting on L-amino acid peptides F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds formed between L-amino acids.
70012 oligopeptidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond in an oligopeptide, i.e. a molecule containing a small number (2 to 20) of amino acid residues connected by peptide bonds.
70013 intracellular organelle lumen C An organelle lumen that is part of an intracellular organelle.
70014 sucrase-isomaltase complex C A protein complex that possesses oligo-1,6-glucosidase activity; the complex is a heterodimer located in the cell membrane, and is formed by proteolytic cleavage of a single precursor polypeptide. The two subunits have different substrate specificities.
70016 armadillo repeat domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the armadillo repeat domain of a protein, an approximately 40 amino acid long tandemly repeated sequence motif first identified in the Drosophila segment polarity protein armadillo. Arm-repeat proteins are involved in various processes, including intracellular signalling and cytoskeletal regulation.
70017 alphav-beta3 integrin-thrombospondin complex C A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to thrombospondin.
70018 transforming growth factor beta type I receptor homodimeric complex C A receptor complex that consists of two transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) type I receptor monomers. TGF-beta type I receptor dimers form in the presence or absence of ligand, and can associate with ligand-bound TGF-beta type II receptor dimers.
70019 transforming growth factor beta type II receptor homodimeric complex C A receptor complex that consists of two transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) type II receptor monomers. TGF-beta type II receptor dimers form in the presence or absence of ligand, and upon ligand binding can associate with TGF-beta type I receptor dimers.
70020 transforming growth factor beta1-type II receptor complex C A protein complex that consists of a dimeric transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) type II receptor bound to a TGF-beta1 dimer.
70021 transforming growth factor beta1-type II receptor-type I receptor complex C A protein complex that is formed by the association of a ligand-bound TGF-beta type II receptor dimer with a TGF-beta type I receptor dimer.
70022 transforming growth factor beta receptor complex C A homodimeric receptor complex that consists of two TGF-beta receptor monomers.
70023 interleukin-12-interleukin-12 receptor complex C A protein complex that is formed by the association of a heterodimeric interleukin-12 receptor complex with an interleukin-12 heterodimer.
70024 CD19-Vav-PIK3R1 complex C A protein complex that contains the cell surface signaling molecule CD19, the Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factor Vav, and the regulatory subunit alpha of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K).
70025 carbon monoxide binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with carbon monoxide (CO).
70026 nitric oxide binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with nitric oxide (NO).
70027 carbon monoxide sensor activity F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of carbon monoxide (CO).
70028 regulation of transcription by carbon monoxide P Any process involving carbon monoxide that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription.
70029 alphav-beta3 integrin-osteopontin complex C A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to osteopontin.
70030 alphav-beta1 integrin-osteopontin complex C A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta1 integrin complex bound to osteopontin.
70031 alphav-beta5 integrin-osteopontin complex C A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta5 integrin complex bound to osteopontin.
70032 synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-1a-complexin I complex C A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, syntaxin 1a, and complexin I (or orthologs thereof).
70033 synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-1a-complexin II complex C A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, syntaxin 1a, and complexin II (or orthologs thereof).
70034 telomerase RNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the telomerase RNA template.
70035 purine NTP-dependent helicase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: purine NTP + H2O = purine NDP + phosphate, to drive the unwinding of a DNA or RNA helix.
70036 GTP-dependent helicase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O = GDP + phosphate, to drive the unwinding of a DNA or RNA helix.
70037 rRNA (pseudouridine) methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to a pseudouridine residue in an rRNA molecule.
70038 rRNA (pseudouridine-N3-)-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N3-methylpseudouridine.
70039 rRNA (guanosine-2'-O-)-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing 2'-O-methylguanosine.
70040 rRNA (adenine-C2-)-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine(2503) in 23S rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + rRNA containing C2-methyladenine(2503) in 23S rRNA.
70041 rRNA (uridine-C5-)-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing C5-methyluridine.
70042 rRNA (uridine-N3-)-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N3-methyluridine.
70043 rRNA (guanine-N7-)-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N7-methylguanine.
70044 synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-1a complex C A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, and syntaxin 1a (or orthologs thereof).
70045 synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-2 complex C A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, and syntaxin 2 (or orthologs thereof).
70046 synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-3 complex C A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, and syntaxin 3 (or orthologs thereof).
70047 synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-4 complex C A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, and syntaxin 4 (or orthologs thereof).
70048 endobrevin-SNAP-25-syntaxin-1a complex C A SNARE complex that contains endobrevin (VAMP8), SNAP-25, and syntaxin 1a (or orthologs thereof).
70049 endobrevin-SNAP-25-syntaxin-2 complex C A SNARE complex that contains endobrevin (VAMP8), SNAP-25, and syntaxin 2 (or orthologs thereof).
70050 neuron cellular homeostasis P The cellular homeostatic process that preserves a neuron in a stable, differentiated functional and structural state.
70051 fibrinogen binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with fibrinogen, a highly soluble hexameric glycoprotein complex that is found in blood plasma and is converted to fibrin by thrombin in the coagulation cascade.
70052 collagen V binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type V collagen trimer.
70053 thrombospondin receptor activity F Combining with thrombospondin and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.
70054 mRNA splicing, via endonucleolytic cleavage and ligation P Splicing of mRNA substrates via recognition of the folded RNA structure that brings the 5' and 3' splice sites into proximity and cleavage of the RNA at both the 3' and 5' splice sites by an endonucleolytic mechanism, followed by ligation of the exons.
70055 mRNA endonucleolytic cleavage involved in unfolded protein response P The endonucleolytic cleavage of a mRNA containing an HAC1-type intron at the 5' and 3' splice sites. The cleavage step is part of unconventional mRNA splicing, and contributes to the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response.
70056 prospore membrane leading edge C The region of the prospore membrane that extends to surround the spore nucleus; coated with specific proteins that are thought to play a role in prospore membrane organization.
70057 prospore membrane spindle pole body attachment site C The region of the prospore membrane to which the spindle pole body (SPB) is anchored; the prospore membrane extends from the SPB attachment site to surround the spore nucleus.
70058 tRNA gene clustering P The process in which tRNA genes, which are not linearly connected on the chromosome, are transported in three dimensions to, and maintained together in, the nucleolus. This clustered positioning leads to transcriptional silencing of nearby RNA polymerase II promoters (termed tRNA gene mediated (tgm) silencing) in S. cerevisiae.
70059 intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress P A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to a stimulus indicating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. ER stress usually results from the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen.
70060 'de novo' actin filament nucleation P The actin nucleation process in which actin monomers combine in the absence of any existing actin filaments; elongation of the actin oligomer formed by nucleation leads to the formation of an unbranched filament.
70061 fructose binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the D- or L-enantiomer of fructose, the ketohexose arabino-hex-2-ulose.
70062 extracellular exosome C A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.
70063 RNA polymerase binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase molecule or complex.
70064 proline-rich region binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a proline-rich region, i.e. a region that contains a high proportion of proline residues, in a protein.
70065 cellubrevin-VAMP4-syntaxin-16 complex C A SNARE complex that contains cellubrevin (VAMP3), VAMP4, and syntaxin 16 (or orthologs thereof).
70066 cellubrevin-VAMP4-endobrevin-syntaxin-6 complex C A SNARE complex that contains cellubrevin (VAMP3), VAMP4, endobrevin (VAMP8), and syntaxin 6 (or orthologs thereof).
70067 syntaxin-6-syntaxin-16-Vti1a complex C A SNARE complex that contains syntaxin 6, syntaxin 16, and Vti1a (or orthologs thereof).
70068 VAMP4-syntaxin-6-syntaxin-16-Vti1a complex C A SNARE complex that contains VAMP4, syntaxin 6, syntaxin 16, and Vti1a (or orthologs thereof).
70069 cytochrome complex C A protein complex in which at least one of the proteins is a cytochrome, i.e. a heme-containing protein involved in catalysis of redox reactions.
70070 proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex, proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that couples ATP hydrolysis to the transport of protons across a concentration gradient.
70071 proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex, a large protein complex that catalyzes the synthesis or hydrolysis of ATP by a rotational mechanism, coupled to the transport of protons across a membrane.
70072 vacuolar proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a vacuolar proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex, proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that couples ATP hydrolysis to the transport of protons across the vacuolar membrane.
70073 clustering of voltage-gated calcium channels P The process in which voltage-gated calcium channels become localized together in high densities.
70074 mononeme C A secretory organelle that forms part of the apical complex; a small, threadlike structure located is close proximity to the subpellicular microtubules. Its contents include a rhomboid protease (PfROM1 in Plasmodium falciparum) that moves from the lateral asymmetric localization to the merozoite apical pole and the posterior pole upon release of merozoites from schizonts.
70075 tear secretion P The regulated release of the aqueous layer of the tear film from the lacrimal glands. Tears are the liquid product of a process of lacrimation to clean and lubricate the eyes. Tear fluid contains water, mucin, lipids, lysozyme, lactoferrin, lipocalin, lacritin, immunoglobulins, glucose, urea, sodium, and potassium.
70076 histone lysine demethylation P The modification of a histone by the removal of a methyl group from a lysine residue.
70077 histone arginine demethylation P The modification of a histone by the removal of a methyl group from an arginine residue.
70078 histone H3-R2 demethylation P The modification of histone H3 by the removal of a methyl group from arginine at position 2 of the histone.
70079 histone H4-R3 demethylation P The modification of histone H4 by the removal of a methyl group from arginine at position 3 of the histone.
70080 titin Z domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the titin Z domain, which recognizes and binds to the C-terminal calmodulin-like domain of alpha-actinin-2 (Act-EF34), adopts a helical structure, and binds in a groove formed by the two planes between the helix pairs of Act-EF34.
70081 clathrin-sculpted monoamine transport vesicle C A clathrin-sculpted lipid bilayer membrane-enclosed vesicle after clathrin release and containing monoamines.
70082 clathrin-sculpted monoamine transport vesicle lumen C The volume enclosed by the membrane of the clathrin-sculpted monoamine transport vesicle.
70083 clathrin-sculpted monoamine transport vesicle membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-sculpted monoamine transport vesicle.
70084 protein initiator methionine removal P The protein modification process in which the translation-initiating methionine or formylmethionine residue is removed from a protein.
70085 glycosylation P The covalent attachment and further modification of carbohydrate residues to a substrate molecule.
70086 ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis P Endocytosis of a protein that requires the substrate to be modified by ubiquitination. Several plasma membrane proteins, including cell surface permeases and some receptors, are targeted for internalization by endocytosis, and are thereafter delivered to the vacuole or lysosome, where they are degraded.
70087 chromo shadow domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a chromo shadow domain, a protein domain that is distantly related, and found in association with, the chromo domain.
70088 PHA granule C An inclusion body located in the cytoplasm that consists of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) molecules and associated proteins, surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer; the proteins include PHA synthase, PHA depolymerase and 3HB-oligomer hydroxylase, phasins (PhaPs), which are thought to be the major structural proteins of the membrane surrounding the inclusion, and the regulator of phasin expression PhaR.
70089 chloride-activated potassium channel activity F Enables the chloride concentration-regulatable energy-independent passage of potassium ions across a lipid bilayer down a concentration gradient.
70090 metaphase plate C The intracellular plane, located halfway between the poles of the spindle, where chromosomes align during metaphase of mitotic or meiotic nuclear division.
70091 glucagon secretion P The regulated release of glucagon from secretory granules in the A (alpha) cells of the pancreas (islets of Langerhans).
70092 regulation of glucagon secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of glucagon.
70093 negative regulation of glucagon secretion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of glucagon.
70094 positive regulation of glucagon secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of glucagon.
70095 fructose-6-phosphate binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with fructose 6-phosphate.
70096 mitochondrial outer membrane translocase complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a mitochondrial outer membrane translocase complex.
70097 delta-catenin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the delta subunit of the catenin complex.
70098 chemokine-mediated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a chemokine to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
70099 regulation of chemokine-mediated signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of a chemokine binding to a cell surface receptor.
70100 negative regulation of chemokine-mediated signaling pathway P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of a chemokine binding to a cell surface receptor.
70101 positive regulation of chemokine-mediated signaling pathway P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of a chemokine binding to a cell surface receptor.
70102 interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-6 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
70103 regulation of interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of interleukin-6-mediated binding to a cell surface receptor.
70104 negative regulation of interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of interleukin-6 binding to a cell surface receptor.
70105 positive regulation of interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of interleukin-6 binding to a cell surface receptor.
70106 interleukin-27-mediated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-27 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
70107 regulation of interleukin-27-mediated signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of interleukin-27-mediated binding to a cell surface receptor.
70108 negative regulation of interleukin-27-mediated signaling pathway P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of interleukin-27 binding to a cell surface receptor.
70109 positive regulation of interleukin-27-mediated signaling pathway P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of interleukin-27 binding to a cell surface receptor.
70110 ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor complex C A protein complex that acts as a receptor for the cytokine ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). In humans the receptor complex is a hexamer composed of two molecules each of CNTF and CNTFR and one molecule each of gp130 and LIFR.
70111 organellar chromatophore C A bacteroid-containing symbiosome in which the bacterial component is a genetically highly reduced cyanobacterium that is photosynthetically active and incapable of an independent existence outside its host. The chromatophore functions as a photosynthetic organelle, and has been found and characterized in the amoeba Paulinella chromatophora.
70112 organellar chromatophore membrane C Either of the lipid bilayers that surround an organellar chromatophore.
70113 organellar chromatophore inner membrane C The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, of the two lipid bilayers surrounding an organellar chromatophore.
70114 organellar chromatophore outer membrane C The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, of the two lipid bilayers surrounding an organellar chromatophore.
70115 organellar chromatophore intermembrane space C The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers that surround an organellar chromatophore.
70116 organellar chromatophore thylakoid C A thylakoid located in an organellar chromatophore.
70117 organellar chromatophore thylakoid lumen C The volume enclosed by an organellar chromatophore thylakoid membrane.
70118 organellar chromatophore thylakoid membrane C The lipid bilayer membrane of any thylakoid within an organellar chromatophore.
70119 ciliary neurotrophic factor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the cytokine ciliary neurotrophic factor.
70120 ciliary neurotrophic factor-mediated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
70121 Kupffer's vesicle development P The progression of the Kupffer's vesicle over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The Kupffer's vesicle is a small but distinctive epithelial sac containing fluid, located midventrally posterior to the yolk cell or its extension, and transiently present during most of the segmentation period.
70122 isopeptidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of an isopeptide bond. An isopeptide bond is an amide linkage between a carboxyl group of one amino acid and an amino group of another amino acid in which at least one of these groups is not on the a-carbon of one of the amino acids (for example, the link between an epsilon-amino group of a lysine molecule to a carboxyl group on a second amino acid is an isopeptide bond).
70123 transforming growth factor beta receptor activity, type III F Combining with transforming growth factor beta to initiate a change in cell activity; facilitates ligand binding to type I and type II TGF-beta receptors.
70124 mitochondrial translational initiation P The process preceding formation of the peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a protein in a mitochondrion. This includes the formation of a complex of the ribosome, mRNA, and an initiation complex that contains the first aminoacyl-tRNA.
70125 mitochondrial translational elongation P The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis in a mitochondrion.
70126 mitochondrial translational termination P The process resulting in the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome in a mitochondrion, usually in response to a termination codon (note that mitochondria use variants of the universal genetic code that differ between different taxa).
70127 tRNA aminoacylation for mitochondrial protein translation P The synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA, to be used in ribosome-mediated polypeptide synthesis in a mitochondrion.
70129 regulation of mitochondrial translation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA in a mitochondrion.
70130 negative regulation of mitochondrial translation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA in a mitochondrion.
70131 positive regulation of mitochondrial translation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA in a mitochondrion.
70132 regulation of mitochondrial translational initiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process preceding formation of the peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a protein in a mitochondrion.
70133 negative regulation of mitochondrial translational initiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the process preceding formation of the peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a protein in a mitochondrion.
70134 positive regulation of mitochondrial translational initiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process preceding formation of the peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a protein in a mitochondrion.
70135 beta-1,2-oligomannoside metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-1,2-linked oligomannosides, which are found in fungal cell wall phosphopeptidomannan and phospholipomannan.
70136 beta-1,2-oligomannoside biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-1,2-linked oligomannosides, which are found in fungal cell wall phosphopeptidomannan and phospholipomannan.
70137 ubiquitin-like protein-specific endopeptidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds between an alpha-carboxyl group and an alpha-amino group within a small protein such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein (e.g. APG8, ISG15, NEDD8, SUMO).
70138 ubiquitin-like protein-specific isopeptidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of an isopeptide bond between a small protein such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein (e.g. APG8, ISG15, NEDD8, SUMO) and a protein to which the small protein has been conjugated.
70139 SUMO-specific endopeptidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds between an alpha-carboxyl group and an alpha-amino group within the small conjugating protein SUMO.
70140 SUMO-specific isopeptidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of an isopeptide bond between the small conjugating protein SUMO and a protein to which SUMO has been conjugated.
70141 response to UV-A P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-A radiation stimulus. UV-A radiation (UV-A light) spans the wavelengths 315 to 400 nm.
70142 synaptic vesicle budding P Evagination of a membrane to form a synaptic vesicle.
70143 mitochondrial alanyl-tRNA aminoacylation P The process of coupling alanine to alanyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by alanyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
70144 mitochondrial arginyl-tRNA aminoacylation P The process of coupling arginine to arginyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by arginyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
70145 mitochondrial asparaginyl-tRNA aminoacylation P The process of coupling asparagine to asparaginyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
70146 mitochondrial aspartyl-tRNA aminoacylation P The process of coupling aspartate to aspartyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by aspartyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
70147 mitochondrial cysteinyl-tRNA aminoacylation P The process of coupling cysteine to cysteinyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
70148 mitochondrial glutaminyl-tRNA aminoacylation P The process of coupling glutamine to glutaminyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
70149 mitochondrial glutamyl-tRNA aminoacylation P The process of coupling glutamate to glutamyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by glutamyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
70150 mitochondrial glycyl-tRNA aminoacylation P The process of coupling glycine to glycyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by glycyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
70151 mitochondrial histidyl-tRNA aminoacylation P The process of coupling histidine to histidyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by histidyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
70152 mitochondrial isoleucyl-tRNA aminoacylation P The process of coupling isoleucine to isoleucyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
70153 mitochondrial leucyl-tRNA aminoacylation P The process of coupling leucine to leucyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by leucyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
70154 mitochondrial lysyl-tRNA aminoacylation P The process of coupling lysine to lysyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by lysyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
70155 mitochondrial methionyl-tRNA aminoacylation P The process of coupling methionine to methionyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by methionyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
70156 mitochondrial phenylalanyl-tRNA aminoacylation P The process of coupling phenylalanine to phenylalanyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
70157 mitochondrial prolyl-tRNA aminoacylation P The process of coupling proline to prolyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by prolyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
70158 mitochondrial seryl-tRNA aminoacylation P The process of coupling serine to seryl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by seryl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
70159 mitochondrial threonyl-tRNA aminoacylation P The process of coupling threonine to threonyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by threonyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
70160 occluding junction C A cell-cell junction that seals cells together in an epithelium in a way that prevents even small molecules from leaking from one side of the sheet to the other.
70161 anchoring junction C A cell junction that mechanically attaches a cell (and its cytoskeleton) to neighboring cells or to the extracellular matrix.
70162 adiponectin secretion P The regulated release of adiponectin, a protein hormone, by adipose tissue.
70163 regulation of adiponectin secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of adiponectin from a cell.
70164 negative regulation of adiponectin secretion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of adiponectin from a cell.
70165 positive regulation of adiponectin secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of adiponectin from a cell.
70166 enamel mineralization P The process in which calcium salts, mainly carbonated hydroxyapatite, are deposited in tooth enamel.
70167 regulation of biomineral tissue development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of biomineral tissue development, the formation of hard tissues that consist mainly of inorganic compounds.
70168 negative regulation of biomineral tissue development P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of biomineral tissue development, the formation of hard tissues that consist mainly of inorganic compounds.
70169 positive regulation of biomineral tissue development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of biomineral tissue development, the formation of hard tissues that consist mainly of inorganic compounds.
70170 regulation of tooth mineralization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tooth mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth structures.
70171 negative regulation of tooth mineralization P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tooth mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth structures.
70172 positive regulation of tooth mineralization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tooth mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth structures.
70173 regulation of enamel mineralization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of enamel mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth enamel.
70174 negative regulation of enamel mineralization P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of enamel mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth enamel.
70175 positive regulation of enamel mineralization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of enamel mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth enamel.
70176 DRM complex C A transcriptional repressor complex that contains the lin-9, lin-35, lin-37, lin-52, lin-53, lin-5is involved in 4-, dpl-1 and efl-1 proteins, and is involved in cell fate specification.
70177 contractile vacuole discharge P The regulated release of water from a contractile vacuole to the outside of a cell by fusion of the contractile vacuole membrane with the plasma membrane.
70178 D-serine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-serine, the D-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2R)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.
70179 D-serine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-serine, the D-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2R)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid. D-serine is often formed by racemization of L-serine.
70180 large ribosomal subunit rRNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the large ribosomal subunit RNA (LSU rRNA), a constituent of the large ribosomal subunit. In S. cerevisiae, this is the 25S rRNA.
70181 small ribosomal subunit rRNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the small ribosomal subunit RNA (SSU rRNA), a constituent of the small ribosomal subunit. In S. cerevisiae, this is the 18S rRNA.
70182 DNA polymerase binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a DNA polymerase.
70183 mitochondrial tryptophanyl-tRNA aminoacylation P The process of coupling tryptophan to tryptophanyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
70184 mitochondrial tyrosyl-tRNA aminoacylation P The process of coupling tyrosine to tyrosyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
70185 mitochondrial valyl-tRNA aminoacylation P The process of coupling valine to valyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by valyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
70186 growth hormone activity F The action characteristic of growth hormone, a peptide hormone that is secreted by the anterior pituitary or the placenta into the circulation, and binds to membrane receptors in target tissues to stimulate body growth.
70187 telosome C A nuclear telomere cap complex that is formed by the association of telomeric ssDNA- and dsDNA-binding proteins with telomeric DNA, and is involved in telomere protection and recruitment of telomerase. The complex is known to contain TERF1, TERF2, POT1, RAP1, TINF2 and ACD in mammalian cells, and Pot1, Tpz1, Rap1, Rif1, Rif2 and Taz1 in Schizosaccharomyces. Taz1 and Rap1 (or their mammalian equivalents) form a dsDNA-binding subcomplex, Pot1 and Tpz1 form an ssDNA-binding subcomplex, and the two subcomplexes are bridged by Poz1, which acts as an effector molecule along with Ccq1.
70189 kynurenine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving kynurenine, the amino acid 3-(2-aminobenzoyl)-alanine.
70191 methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-methionine R-oxide + thioredoxin = L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide; can act on free oxidized methionine with specificity for the R enantiomer; does not act on oxidized methionine in peptide linkage. Thioredoxin disulfide is the oxidized form of thioredoxin.
70192 chromosome organization involved in meiotic cell cycle P A process of chromosome organization that is involved in a meiotic cell cycle.
70193 synaptonemal complex organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synaptonemal complex. A synaptonemal complex is a proteinaceous scaffold formed between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.
70194 synaptonemal complex disassembly P The controlled breakdown of a synaptonemal complex.
70195 growth hormone receptor complex C A receptor complex that consists of two identical subunits and binds growth hormone.
70196 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complex.
70197 meiotic attachment of telomere to nuclear envelope P The meiotic cell cycle process in which physical connections are formed between telomeric heterochromatin and the nuclear envelope, facilitating bouquet formation.
70198 protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region P Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the telomeric region of a chromosome.
70199 establishment of protein localization to chromosome P The directed movement of a protein to a specific location on a chromosome.
70200 establishment of protein localization to telomere P The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the telomeric region of a chromosome.
70201 regulation of establishment of protein localization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein to a specific location.
70202 regulation of establishment of protein localization to chromosome P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein to a specific location on a chromosome.
70203 regulation of establishment of protein localization to telomere P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the telomeric region of a chromosome.
70204 2-succinyl-5-enolpyruvyl-6-hydroxy-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic-acid synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + H(+) + isochorismate = 5-enolpyruvoyl-6-hydroxy-2-succinyl-cyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylate + CO(2).
70205 2-succinyl-6-hydroxy-2,4-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxylate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-enolpyruvoyl-6-hydroxy-2-succinyl-cyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylate = (1R,6R)-2-succinyl-6-hydroxycyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-carboxylate + pyruvate.
70206 protein trimerization P The formation of a protein trimer, a macromolecular structure consisting of three noncovalently associated identical or nonidentical subunits.
70207 protein homotrimerization P The formation of a protein homotrimer, a macromolecular structure consisting of three noncovalently associated identical subunits.
70208 protein heterotrimerization P The formation of a protein heterotrimer, a macromolecular structure consisting of three noncovalently associated subunits, of which not all are identical.
70209 ASTRA complex C A protein complex that is part of the chromatin remodeling machinery; the acronym stands for ASsembly of Tel, Rvb and Atm-like kinase. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae this complex includes Rvb1p, Rvb2p, Tra1p, Tel2p, Asa1p, Ttilp and Tti2p.
70210 Rpd3L-Expanded complex C A protein complex that contains a histone deacetylase and is part of the chromatin remodeling machinery. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae this complex contains the Rpd3p, Sin3p, Ume1p, Pho23p, Sap30p, Sds3p, Cti6p, Rxt2p, Rxt3p, Dep1p, Ume6p, Ash1p, Dot6p, Snt1, Sif2p, Set3p, Hos2p, Tos4p and Tod6p proteins.
70211 Snt2C complex C A histone deacetylase complex that is part of the chromatin remodeling machinery. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae this complex contains Snt2p, Ecm5p and Rpd3p.
70212 protein poly-ADP-ribosylation P The transfer of multiple ADP-ribose residues from NAD to a protein amino acid, forming a poly(ADP-ribose) chain.
70213 protein auto-ADP-ribosylation P The ADP-ribosylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues, or residues on an identical protein.
70214 CSK-GAP-A.p62 complex C A protein complex that contains the protein-tyrosine kinase CSK and the GTPase-activating protein (GAP)-associated p62 (GAP-A.p62); may mediate translocation of proteins, including GAP and CSK, to membrane or cytoskeletal regions upon c-Src activation.
70217 transcription factor TFIIIB complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a transcription factor TFIIIB complex.
70218 sulfide ion homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of sulfide ions within an organism or cell.
70219 cellular sulfide ion homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of sulfide ions at the level of a cell.
70220 aerobic sulfur oxidation P A sulfur oxidation process that proceeds via the reaction catalyzed by sulfur dioxygenase, and requires the presence of oxygen.
70221 sulfide oxidation, using sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase P A sulfide oxidation process that proceeds via the reaction catalyzed by sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase.
70222 sulfide oxidation, using sulfide dehydrogenase P A sulfide oxidation process that proceeds via the reaction catalyzed by sulfide dehydrogenase.
70223 sulfide oxidation, using sulfur dioxygenase P A sulfide oxidation process that proceeds via the reaction catalyzed by sulfur dioxygenase.
70224 sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: hydrogen sulfide + a quinone = S0 + a hydroquinone.
70225 sulfide dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: hydrogen sulfide + oxidized cytochrome c = S0 + reduced cytochrome c.
70226 sulfur:ferric ion oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a perthiol + 4 Fe3+ + 3 H2O = sulfite + a thiol + 4 Fe2+ + 8 H+.
70227 lymphocyte apoptotic process P Any apoptotic process in a lymphocyte, a leukocyte commonly found in the blood and lymph that has the characteristics of a large nucleus, a neutral staining cytoplasm, and prominent heterochromatin.
70228 regulation of lymphocyte apoptotic process P Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of lymphocyte death by apoptotic process.
70229 negative regulation of lymphocyte apoptotic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte death by apoptotic process.
70230 positive regulation of lymphocyte apoptotic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte death by apoptotic process.
70231 T cell apoptotic process P Any apoptotic process in a T cell, a type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex.
70232 regulation of T cell apoptotic process P Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of T cell death by apoptotic process.
70233 negative regulation of T cell apoptotic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell death by apoptotic process.
70234 positive regulation of T cell apoptotic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell death by apoptotic process.
70235 regulation of activation-induced cell death of T cells P Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of activation-induced cell death of T cells.
70236 negative regulation of activation-induced cell death of T cells P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activation-induced cell death of T cells.
70237 positive regulation of activation-induced cell death of T cells P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activation-induced cell death of T cells.
70238 activated T cell autonomous cell death P A T cell apoptotic process that occurs towards the end of the expansion phase following the initial activation of mature T cells by antigen via the accumulation of pro-apoptotic gene products and decrease in anti-apoptotic gene products.
70239 regulation of activated T cell autonomous cell death P Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of activated T cell autonomous cell death.
70240 negative regulation of activated T cell autonomous cell death P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activated T cell autonomous cell death.
70241 positive regulation of activated T cell autonomous cell death P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activated T cell autonomous cell death.
70242 thymocyte apoptotic process P Any apoptotic process in a thymocyte, an immature T cell located in the thymus.
70243 regulation of thymocyte apoptotic process P Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of thymocyte death by apoptotic process.
70244 negative regulation of thymocyte apoptotic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte death by apoptotic process.
70245 positive regulation of thymocyte apoptotic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte death by apoptotic process.
70246 natural killer cell apoptotic process P Any apoptotic process in a natural killer cell, a lymphocyte that can spontaneously kill a variety of target cells without prior antigenic activation.
70247 regulation of natural killer cell apoptotic process P Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of natural killer cell death by apoptotic process.
70248 negative regulation of natural killer cell apoptotic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell death by apoptotic process.
70249 positive regulation of natural killer cell apoptotic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell death by apoptotic process.
70250 mating projection membrane C The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a mating projection, the projection formed by unicellular fungi in response to mating pheromone.
70251 pristanate-CoA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + pristanate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + pristanoyl-CoA.
70252 actin-mediated cell contraction P The actin filament-based process in which cytoplasmic actin filaments slide past one another resulting in contraction of all or part of the cell body.
70253 somatostatin secretion P The regulated release of somatostatin from secretory granules in the D cells of the pancreas.
70254 mucus secretion P The regulated release of mucus by the mucosa. Mucus is a viscous slimy secretion consisting of mucins and various inorganic salts dissolved in water, with suspended epithelial cells and leukocytes. The mucosa, or mucous membrane, is the membrane covered with epithelium that lines the tubular organs of the body. Mucins are carbohydrate-rich glycoproteins that have a lubricating and protective function.
70255 regulation of mucus secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of mucus from a cell or a tissue.
70256 negative regulation of mucus secretion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of mucus from a cell or a tissue.
70257 positive regulation of mucus secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of mucus from a cell or a tissue.
70258 inner membrane complex C A membrane structure formed of two closely aligned lipid bilayers that lie beneath the plasma membrane and form part of the pellicle surrounding an apicomplexan parasite cell.
70259 tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphotyrosyl groups formed as covalent intermediates (in DNA backbone breakage) between a DNA topoisomerase and DNA.
70260 5'-tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of 5'-phosphotyrosyl groups formed as covalent intermediates (in DNA backbone breakage) between DNA topoisomerase II and DNA.
70262 peptidyl-serine dephosphorylation P The removal of phosphoric residues from peptidyl-O-phospho-L-serine to form peptidyl-serine.
70263 external side of fungal-type cell wall C The side of the fungal-type cell wall that is opposite to the side that faces the cell and its contents.
70264 transcription factor TFIIIE complex C A transcription factor complex that is involved in regulating transcription from RNA polymerase III (Pol III) promoters. TFIIIE contains a specific subset of ribosomal proteins.
70265 necrotic cell death P A type of cell death that is morphologically characterized by an increasingly translucent cytoplasm, swelling of organelles, minor ultrastructural modifications of the nucleus (specifically, dilatation of the nuclear membrane and condensation of chromatin into small, irregular, circumscribed patches) and increased cell volume (oncosis), culminating in the disruption of the plasma membrane and subsequent loss of intracellular contents. Necrotic cells do not fragment into discrete corpses as their apoptotic counterparts do. Moreover, their nuclei remain intact and can aggregate and accumulate in necrotic tissues.
70266 necroptotic process P A programmed necrotic cell death process which begins when a cell receives a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a death receptor or to a Toll-like receptor), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathways), characterized by activation of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 and/or 3 (RIPK1/3, also called RIP1/3) and by critical dependence on mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL), and which typically lead to common morphological features of necrotic cell death. The process ends when the cell has died. The process is divided into a signaling phase, and an execution phase, which is triggered by the former.
70267 oncosis P A cellular process that results in swelling of the cell body, and that is morphologically characteristic of necrotic cell death.
70268 cornification P A type of programmed cell death that occurs in the epidermis, morphologically and biochemically distinct from apoptosis. It leads to the formation of corneocytes, i.e. dead keratinocytes containing an amalgam of specific proteins (e.g., keratin, loricrin, SPR and involucrin) and lipids (e.g., fatty acids and ceramides), which are necessary for the function of the cornified skin layer (mechanical resistance, elasticity, water repellence and structural stability).
70269 pyroptosis P A caspase-1-dependent cell death subroutine that is associated with the generation of pyrogenic mediators such as IL-1beta and IL-18.
70271 protein complex biogenesis P A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a protein complex. Includes the synthesis of non-protein components, and those protein modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the complex.
70272 proton-transporting ATP synthase complex biogenesis P The biogenesis of a proton-transporting ATP synthase (also known as F-type ATPase), a two-sector ATPase found in the inner membrane of mitochondria and chloroplasts, and in bacterial plasma membranes. Includes the synthesis of constituent proteins and their aggregation, arrangement and bonding together.
70273 phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 4' position.
70274 RES complex C A protein complex that is required for efficient splicing, and prevents leakage of unspliced pre-mRNAs from the nucleus (named for pre-mRNA REtention and Splicing). In Saccharomyces, the complex consists of Ist3p, Bud13p, and Pml1p.
70275 aerobic ammonia oxidation to nitrite via pyruvic oxime P The metabolic process in which ammonia (NH3) is oxidized to nitrite (NO2) in the presence of oxygen. Hydroxylamine is produced enzymatically, and, in the presence of pyruvate, forms pyruvic oxime in a spontaneous, non-enzymatic reaction; pyruvic oxime is then converted to nitrite.
70276 halogen metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving any halogen, elements of Group VII; includes metabolism of halogen-containing compounds.
70277 iodide oxidation P The chemical reactions and pathways by which iodide is converted to diiodine, with the concomitant loss of electrons.
70278 extracellular matrix constituent secretion P The controlled release of molecules that form the extracellular matrix, including carbohydrates and glycoproteins by a cell.
70279 vitamin B6 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any of the vitamin B6 compounds: pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine and the active form, pyridoxal phosphate.
70280 pyridoxal binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with pyridoxal, 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridine-4-carbaldehyde, a form of vitamin B6.
70281 pyridoxamine binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with pyridoxamine, 4-(aminomethyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol, a form of vitamin B6.
70282 pyridoxine binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with pyridoxine, 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol, a form of vitamin B6.
70283 radical SAM enzyme activity F Catalysis of a reaction in which S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) undergoes reductive cleavage to serve as a source of the 5'-deoxyadenosyl radical.
70284 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine phosphate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide + S-adenosylmethionine = 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine phosphate + 5'deoxyadenosine.
70285 pigment cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pigment cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a pigment cell fate.
70286 axonemal dynein complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an axonemal dynein complex, a dynein complex found in eukaryotic cilia and flagella, in which the motor domain heads interact with adjacent microtubules to generate a sliding force which is converted to a bending motion.
70287 ferritin receptor activity F Combining with ferritin, and delivering ferritin into the cell via endocytosis.
70288 ferritin complex C A protein complex that binds iron and acts as a major iron storage system. Intracellular and extracellular ferritin complexes have different ratios of two types of ferritin monomer, the L (light) chain and H (heavy) chain.
70289 extracellular ferritin complex C A ferritin complex located in the extracellular region. Extracellular ferritin complexes contain L (light) chains but few or no H (heavy) chains.
70290 N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine-specific phospholipase D activity F Catalysis of the release of N-acylethanolamine from N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE) to generate N-acylethanolamine (NAE).
70291 N-acylethanolamine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-acylethanolamines. An N-acylethanolamine is an ethanolamine substituted at nitrogen by an acyl group.
70292 N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-acylphosphatidylethanolamines. An N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine is a phosphatidylethanolamine substituted at nitrogen by an acyl group.
70293 renal absorption P A renal system process in which water, ions, glucose and proteins are taken up from the collecting ducts, glomerulus and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures (e.g. protein absorption is observed in nephrocytes in Drosophila, see PMID:23264686).
70294 renal sodium ion absorption P A renal system process in which sodium ions are taken up from the collecting ducts and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures.
70295 renal water absorption P A renal system process in which water is taken up from the collecting ducts and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures.
70296 sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ion transport P The directed movement of calcium ions (Ca2+) into, out of or within the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
70297 regulation of phosphorelay signal transduction system P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction via a phosphorelay signal transduction system.
70298 negative regulation of phosphorelay signal transduction system P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction via a phosphorelay signal transduction system.
70299 positive regulation of phosphorelay signal transduction system P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction via a phosphorelay signal transduction system.
70300 phosphatidic acid binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidic acid, any of a class of glycerol phosphate in which both the remaining hydroxyl groups of the glycerol moiety are esterified with fatty acids.
70301 cellular response to hydrogen peroxide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulus.
70302 regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via a stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade.
70303 negative regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade.
70304 positive regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade.
70305 response to cGMP P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cGMP (cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus.
70306 lens fiber cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lens fiber cell, any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in the camera-type eye. The cytoplasm of a lens fiber cell is devoid of most intracellular organelles including the cell nucleus, and contains primarily crystallins, a group of water-soluble proteins expressed in vary large quantities.
70307 lens fiber cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lens fiber cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a lens fiber cell fate. A lens fiber cell is any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in a camera-type eye.
70308 lens fiber cell fate commitment P The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a lens fiber cell. A lens fiber cell is any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in a camera-type eye.
70309 lens fiber cell morphogenesis P The process in which the structures of a lens fiber cell are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a lens fiber cell. A lens fiber cell is any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in a camera-type eye.
70310 ATR-ATRIP complex C A protein complex that contains the protein kinase ATR and ATR-interacting protein (ATRIP) and binds single-stranded DNA; ssDNA binding affinity is increased in the presence of replication protein A.
70311 nucleosomal methylation activator complex C A protein complex that contains eight subunits in common with the SWI/SNF complex, plus the ATPase BRG1 (SMARCA4) and the histone methyltransferase CARM1; the complex is involved in regulating nuclear receptor-dependent transcription.
70312 RAD52-ERCC4-ERCC1 complex C A nucleotide-excision repair complex formed by the association of the heterodimeric endonuclease XPF/ERCC4-ERCC1 (Rad1p and Rad10p in S. cerevisiae) with the RAD52 protein.
70313 RGS6-DNMT1-DMAP1 complex C A protein complex formed by the association of RGS6, a negative regulator of heterotrimeric G protein signaling, with the DMAP1-Dnmt1 transcriptional repressor complex; in the complex, RGS6 inhibits the transcriptional repressor activity of DMAP1.
70314 G1 to G0 transition P A cell cycle arrest process that results in arrest during G1 phase, whereupon the cell enters a specialized resting state known as G0 or quiescence.
70315 G1 to G0 transition involved in cell differentiation P A cell cycle arrest process that results in arrest during G1 phase, whereupon the cell enters G0 phase, in the context of cell differentiation.
70316 regulation of G0 to G1 transition P A cell cycle process that modulates the rate or extent of the transition from the G0 quiescent state to the G1 phase.
70317 negative regulation of G0 to G1 transition P A cell cycle process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of the transition from the G0 quiescent state to the G1 phase.
70318 positive regulation of G0 to G1 transition P A cell cycle process that activates or increases the rate or extent of the transition from the G0 quiescent state to the G1 phase.
70319 Golgi to plasma membrane transport vesicle C A transport vesicle that mediates transport from the Golgi to the plasma membrane, and fuses with the plasma membrane to release various cargo molecules, such as proteins or hormones, by exocytosis.
70320 inward rectifier potassium channel inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of an inwardly rectifying potassium channel.
70321 regulation of translation in response to nitrogen starvation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating deprivation of nitrogen.
70322 negative regulation of translation in response to nitrogen starvation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating deprivation of nitrogen.
70323 positive regulation of translation in response to nitrogen starvation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating deprivation of nitrogen.
70324 thyroid hormone binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with thyroxine (T4) or triiodothyronine (T3), tyrosine-based hormones produced by the thyroid gland.
70325 lipoprotein particle receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a lipoprotein particle receptor.
70326 very-low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a very-low-density lipoprotein receptor.
70327 thyroid hormone transport P The directed movement of thyroid hormone into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
70328 triglyceride homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of triglyceride within an organism or cell.
70329 tRNA seleno-modification P The substitution of a selenium atom for a sulfur atom in a ribonucleotide in a tRNA molecule.
70330 aromatase activity F Catalysis of the reduction of an aliphatic ring to yield an aromatic ring.
70331 CD20-Lck-Fyn complex C A protein complex that contains the cell-surface protein CD20 and the Src family tyrosine kinases Lck and Fyn.
70332 CD20-Lck-Lyn-Fyn complex C A protein complex that contains the cell-surface protein CD20 and the Src family tyrosine kinases Lck, Lyn and Fyn.
70333 alpha6-beta4 integrin-Shc-Grb2 complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha6-beta4 integrin complex bound to the adaptor proteins Shc and Grb2.
70334 alpha6-beta4 integrin-laminin 5 complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha6-beta4 integrin complex bound to laminin 5.
70335 aspartate binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with aspartate, the alpha-amino-acid anion of 2-aminobutanedioic acid that has formula C4H5NO4.
70336 flap-structured DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a flap structure in DNA. A DNA flap structure is one in which a single-stranded length of DNA or RNA protrudes from a double-stranded DNA molecule.
70337 3'-flap-structured DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a 3'-flap structure in DNA. A DNA flap structure is one in which a single-stranded 3'-end of DNA or RNA protrudes from a double-stranded DNA molecule.
70338 5'-flap-structured DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a 5'-flap structure in DNA. A DNA flap structure is one in which a single-stranded 5'-end of DNA or RNA protrudes from a double-stranded DNA molecule. 5'-flap structures can be formed during DNA repair or lagging strand synthesis; in the latter case RNA flaps form from lagging strand RNA primers.
70339 response to bacterial lipopeptide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bacterial lipopeptide stimulus.
70340 detection of bacterial lipopeptide P The series of events in which a bacterial lipopeptide stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
70341 fat cell proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of fat cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A fat cell is an animal connective tissue cell specialized for the synthesis and storage of fat.
70342 brown fat cell proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of brown fat cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A brown fat cell is a fat cell found the thermogenic form of adipose tissue found in newborns of many species.
70343 white fat cell proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of white fat cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population.
70344 regulation of fat cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fat cell proliferation.
70345 negative regulation of fat cell proliferation P Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of fat cell proliferation.
70346 positive regulation of fat cell proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of fat cell proliferation.
70347 regulation of brown fat cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of brown fat cell proliferation.
70348 negative regulation of brown fat cell proliferation P Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of brown fat cell proliferation.
70349 positive regulation of brown fat cell proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of brown fat cell proliferation.
70350 regulation of white fat cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of white fat cell proliferation.
70351 negative regulation of white fat cell proliferation P Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of white fat cell proliferation.
70352 positive regulation of white fat cell proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of white fat cell proliferation.
70353 GATA1-TAL1-TCF3-Lmo2 complex C A protein complex that contains the zinc finger transcription factor GATA1, the LIM domain protein Lmo2 (RBTN2), the basic helix-loop-helix protein TAL1 and its binding partner TCF3. The complex is involved transcriptional regulation in hematopoiesis.
70354 GATA2-TAL1-TCF3-Lmo2 complex C A protein complex that contains the zinc finger transcription factor GATA2, the LIM domain protein Lmo2 (RBTN2), the basic helix-loop-helix protein TAL1 and its binding partner TCF3. The complex is involved transcriptional regulation in hematopoiesis.
70355 synaptotagmin-synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-1a-syntaxin-1b-Rab3a-complexin II complex C A SNARE complex that contains synaptotagmin, synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, syntaxin 1a, syntaxin1b, Rab3a, and complexin II (or orthologs thereof).
70356 synaptotagmin-synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-1a-syntaxin-1b-Rab3a complex C A SNARE complex that contains synaptotagmin, synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, syntaxin 1a, syntaxin1b, and Rab3a (or orthologs thereof).
70357 alphav-beta3 integrin-CD47 complex C A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to CD47 (also known as IAP).
70358 actin polymerization-dependent cell motility P A process involved in the controlled movement of a bacterial cell powered by the continuous polymerization of actin at one pole of the cell.
70359 actin polymerization-dependent cell motility involved in migration of symbiont in host P A process involved in the controlled movement of a bacterial cell within a host cell, powered by the continuous polymerization of host actin at one pole of the cell.
70360 migration of symbiont within host by polymerization of host actin P The directional movement of an organism, usually a bacterial cell, from one place to another within its host organism, by a process involving continuous polymerization of host actin at one pole of the symbiont cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
70361 mitochondrial light strand promoter anti-sense binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the anti-sense strand of the light strand promoter, a promoter located on the light, or cytosine-rich, strand of mitochondrial DNA.
70362 mitochondrial heavy strand promoter anti-sense binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the anti-sense strand of the heavy strand promoter, a promoter located on the heavy, or guanine-rich, strand of mitochondrial DNA.
70363 mitochondrial light strand promoter sense binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the sense strand of the light strand promoter, a promoter located on the light, or cytosine-rich, strand of mitochondrial DNA.
70364 mitochondrial heavy strand promoter sense binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the sense strand of the heavy strand promoter, a promoter located on the heavy, or guanine-rich, strand of mitochondrial DNA.
70365 hepatocyte differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a hepatocyte. A hepatocyte is specialized epithelial cell that is organized into interconnected plates called lobules, and is the main structural component of the liver.
70366 regulation of hepatocyte differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte differentiation.
70367 negative regulation of hepatocyte differentiation P Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of hepatocyte differentiation.
70368 positive regulation of hepatocyte differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of hepatocyte differentiation.
70369 beta-catenin-TCF7L2 complex C A protein complex that contains beta-catenin and TCF7L2 (TCF4), binds to the TCF DNA motif within a promoter element, and is involved in the regulation of WNT target gene transcription.
70370 cellular heat acclimation P Any process that increases heat tolerance of a cell in response to high temperatures.
70371 ERK1 and ERK2 cascade P An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least ERK1 or ERK2 (MAPKs), a MEK (a MAPKK) and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.
70372 regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
70373 negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
70374 positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
70375 ERK5 cascade P An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least ERK5 (also called BMK1; a MAPK), a MEK (a MAPKK) and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.
70376 regulation of ERK5 cascade P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK5 cascade.
70377 negative regulation of ERK5 cascade P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK5 cascade.
70378 positive regulation of ERK5 cascade P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK5 cascade.
70379 high mobility group box 1 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with high mobility group box 1 (HMBGB1).
70380 high mobility group box 1 receptor activity F Combining with high mobility group box 1 (HMBGB1) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
70381 endosome to plasma membrane transport vesicle C A transport vesicle that mediates transport from the endosome to the plasma membrane, and fuses with the plasma membrane to deliver lipids and membrane proteins to the plasma membrane and to release various cargo molecules, such as proteins or hormones, by exocytosis.
70382 exocytic vesicle C A transport vesicle that mediates transport from an intracellular compartment to the plasma membrane, and fuses with the plasma membrane to release various cargo molecules, such as proteins or hormones, by exocytosis.
70383 DNA cytosine deamination P The removal of an amino group from a cytosine residue in DNA, forming a uracil residue.
70384 Harderian gland development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the Harderian gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The Harderian gland is an anterior orbital structure usually associated with the nictitating membrane, and produces and secretes a variety of substances to the eye, depending upon the species.
70385 egasyn-beta-glucuronidase complex C A protein complex that contains beta-glucuronidase and the carboxyl esterase egasyn; formation of the complex causes beta-glucuronidase to be retained in the endoplasmic reticulum.
70386 procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase complex, alpha(I) type C A procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase complex that contains alpha subunits of the type I isoform; its activity is readily inhibited by poly(L-proline).
70387 procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase complex, alpha(II) type C A procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase complex that contains alpha subunits of the type II isoform; its activity is inhibited by poly(L-proline) only at high concentrations.
70388 procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase complex, alpha(III) type C A procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase complex that contains alpha subunits of the type III isoform.
70389 chaperone cofactor-dependent protein refolding P The process of assisting in the restoration of the biological activity of an unfolded or misfolded protein, which is dependent on additional protein cofactors. This process occurs over one or several cycles of nucleotide hydrolysis-dependent binding and release.
70390 transcription export complex 2 C A protein complex that couples SAGA-dependent gene expression to mRNA export at the inner side of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). The TREX-2 complex is tethered to the inner side of the NPC via the nucleoporins Nup1 and Nup60; in S. cerevisiae it contains Sac3p, Thp1p, Sus1p and Cdc31p.
70391 response to lipoteichoic acid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipoteichoic acid stimulus; lipoteichoic acid is a major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a chain of glycerol-phosphate repeating units linked to a glycolipid anchor.
70392 detection of lipoteichoic acid P The series of events in which a lipoteichoic acid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal; lipoteichoic acid is a major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a chain of glycerol-phosphate repeating units linked to a glycolipid anchor.
70393 teichoic acid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of teichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a polymer of glycerol-phosphate or ribitol-phosphate to which are attached glycosyl and D-alanyl ester residues.
70394 lipoteichoic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoteichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a chain of glycerol-phosphate repeating units linked to a glycolipid anchor.
70395 lipoteichoic acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipoteichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a chain of glycerol-phosphate repeating units linked to a glycolipid anchor.
70396 lipoteichoic acid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipoteichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a chain of glycerol-phosphate repeating units linked to a glycolipid anchor.
70397 wall teichoic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving wall teichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a polymer of glycerol-phosphate or ribitol-phosphate to which are attached glycosyl and D-alanyl ester residues and which is covalently linked to peptidoglycan.
70398 wall teichoic acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of wall teichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a polymer of glycerol-phosphate or ribitol-phosphate to which are attached glycosyl and D-alanyl ester residues and which is covalently linked to peptidoglycan.
70399 wall teichoic acid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of wall teichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a polymer of glycerol-phosphate or ribitol-phosphate to which are attached glycosyl and D-alanyl ester residues and which is covalently linked to peptidoglycan.
70400 teichoic acid D-alanylation P The formation of a D-alanyl ester of teichoic acid. Alanylation of teichoic acids modulates the properties of the bacterial cell wall and modulates the inflammatory properties of the teichoic acid.
70401 NADP+ binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the oxidized form, NADP+, of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions.
70402 NADPH binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the reduced form, NADPH, of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions.
70403 NAD+ binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the oxidized form, NAD, of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions.
70404 NADH binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the reduced form, NADH, of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions.
70405 ammonium ion binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ammonium ions (NH4+).
70406 glutamine binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with glutamine, 2,5-diamino-5-oxopentanoic acid.
70407 oxidation-dependent protein catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the oxidation of one or more amino acid residues in the protein.
70408 carbamoyl phosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbamoyl phosphate, an intermediate in the urea cycle and other nitrogen compound metabolic pathways.
70409 carbamoyl phosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbamoyl phosphate, an intermediate in the urea cycle and other nitrogen compound metabolic pathways.
70410 co-SMAD binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a common mediator SMAD signaling protein.
70411 I-SMAD binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an inhibitory SMAD signaling protein.
70412 R-SMAD binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a receptor-regulated SMAD signaling protein.
70413 trehalose metabolism in response to stress P The chemical reactions and pathways involving trehalose that occur as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.
70414 trehalose metabolism in response to heat stress P The chemical reactions and pathways involving trehalose that occur as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism.
70415 trehalose metabolism in response to cold stress P The chemical reactions and pathways involving trehalose that occur as a result of a cold stimulus, a temperature stimulus below the optimal temperature for that organism.
70416 trehalose metabolism in response to water deprivation P The chemical reactions and pathways involving trehalose that occur as a result of deprivation of water.
70417 cellular response to cold P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cold stimulus, a temperature stimulus below the optimal temperature for that organism.
70418 DNA-dependent protein kinase complex C A protein complex that is involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks and, in mammals, V(D)J recombination events. It consists of the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) and the DNA end-binding heterodimer Ku.
70419 nonhomologous end joining complex C A protein complex that plays a role in DNA double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining. Such complexes typically contain a specialized DNA ligase (e.g. Lig4 in eukaryotes) and one or more proteins that bind to DNA ends.
70420 Ku-DNA ligase complex C A nonhomologous end joining complex that contains one or more Ku monomers and one or more DNA ligase molecules from the LigC or LigD family, and mediates nonhomologous end joining in bacteria.
70421 DNA ligase III-XRCC1 complex C A protein complex that contains DNA ligase III and XRCC1, and is involved in base excision repair.
70422 G-protein beta/gamma-Raf-1 complex C A protein complex formed by the association of the serine-threonine protein kinase Raf-1 with the beta and gamma subunits of a heterotrimeric G protein.
70423 nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing (NOD) protein.
70424 regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing (NOD) pathway.
70425 negative regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing (NOD) pathway.
70426 positive regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing (NOD) pathway.
70427 nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 (NOD1).
70428 regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 (NOD1) pathway.
70429 negative regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 (NOD1) pathway.
70430 positive regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 (NOD1) pathway.
70431 nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signaling pathway P Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2).
70432 regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) pathway.
70433 negative regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) pathway.
70434 positive regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) pathway.
70435 Shc-EGFR complex C A protein complex that contains the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the adaptor protein Shc, and is involved in linking EGFR activation to the p21-Ras pathway.
70436 Grb2-EGFR complex C A protein complex that contains the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Grb2, and is involved in linking EGFR activation to the p21-Ras pathway.
70437 Grb2-Shc complex C A protein complex that contains Grb2 and the adaptor protein Shc, and is involved in linking epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation to the p21-Ras pathway.
70439 Mad-Max-mSin3A complex C A transcriptional repressor complex that contains a heterodimer of the bHLH-ZIP proteins Mad and Max, plus mSin3A, a homolog of the yeast Sin3p.
70440 Mad-Max-mSin3B complex C A transcriptional repressor complex that contains a heterodimer of the bHLH-ZIP proteins Mad and Max, plus mSin3B, a homolog of the yeast Sin3p.
70441 G-protein beta/gamma-Btk complex C A protein complex formed by the association of the Bruton tyrosine protein kinase Btk, which is implicated in mammalian X-linked immunodeficiencies, with the beta and gamma subunits of a heterotrimeric G protein.
70442 integrin alphaIIb-beta3 complex C An integrin complex that comprises one alphaIIb subunit and one beta3 subunit.
70443 Mad-Max complex C A transcriptional repressor complex that consists of a heterodimer of the bHLH-ZIP proteins Mad and Max.
70444 oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Oligodendrocyte progenitors give rise to oligodendrocytes, which form the insulating myelin sheath of axons in the central nervous system.
70445 regulation of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation.
70446 negative regulation of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation P Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation.
70447 positive regulation of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation.
70448 laricitrin 5'-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + laricitrin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + syringetin.
70449 elongin complex C A transcription elongation factor complex that suppresses RNA polymerase II pausing, and may act by promoting proper alignment of the 3'-end of nascent transcripts with the polymerase catalytic site. Consists of a transcriptionally active Elongin A subunit (abut 100 kDa)and two smaller Elongin B (about 18 kDa) and Elongin C (about 15 kDa)subunits.
70450 interleukin4-interleukin-4 receptor complex C A protein complex that is formed by the association of a heterodimeric interleukin-4 receptor complex with an interleukin-4 molecule.
70451 cell hair C A long, thin cell projection that contains F-actin and tubulin, with microtubules centrally located and F-actin peripherally located.
70452 positive regulation of ergosterol biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ergosterol.
70453 regulation of heme biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme.
70454 negative regulation of heme biosynthetic process P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme.
70455 positive regulation of heme biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme.
70456 galactose-1-phosphate phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: galactose-1-phosphate + H2O = galactose + phosphate.
70457 D-galactose-1-phosphate phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactose-1-phosphate + H2O = D-galactose + phosphate.
70458 cellular detoxification of nitrogen compound P Any cellular process that reduces or removes the toxicity of nitrogenous compounds which are dangerous or toxic. This includes the aerobic conversion of toxic compounds to harmless substances.
70459 prolactin secretion P The regulated release of prolactin, a peptide hormone that stimulates lactation, from secretory granules in the anterior pituitary.
70460 thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion P The regulated release of thyroid-stimulating hormone, a peptide hormone that stimulates the activity of the thyroid gland, from secretory granules in the anterior pituitary.
70461 SAGA-type complex C A histone acetyltransferase complex that acetylates nucleosomal H3 and H2B and is required for the expression of a subset of Pol II-transcribed genes. The budding yeast complex includes the acetyltransferase Gcn5p, several proteins of the Spt and Ada families, and several TBP-associate proteins (TAFs); analogous complexes in other species have analogous compositions, and usually contain homologs of the yeast proteins.
70462 plus-end specific microtubule depolymerization P The removal of tubulin heterodimers from the plus end of a microtubule.
70463 tubulin-dependent ATPase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate. This reaction requires the presence of a tubulin dimer to accelerate release of ADP and phosphate.
70464 alphav-beta3 integrin-collagen alpha3(VI) complex C A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to the alpha3 chain of type VI collagen; the integrin binds most strongly to unfolded collagen.
70465 alpha1-beta1 integrin-alpha3(VI) complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha1-beta1 integrin complex bound to a type VI collagen triple helix containing an alpha3(VI) chain.
70466 alpha2-beta1 integrin-alpha3(VI) complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha2-beta1 integrin complex bound to a type VI collagen triple helix containing an alpha3(VI) chain.
70467 RC-1 DNA recombination complex C A protein complex that contains DNA ligase III, DNA polymerase epsilon, a 5'-3' exonuclease, and the SMC1 and SMC2 proteins, and is involved in recombinational repair of deletions and gaps in DNA.
70468 dentin secretion P The regulated release by odontoblasts of the extracellular matrix constituents, including collagen, that form the basis of dentin.
70469 respiratory chain C The protein complexes that form the electron transport system (the respiratory chain), associated with a cell membrane, usually the plasma membrane (in prokaryotes) or the inner mitochondrial membrane (on eukaryotes). The respiratory chain complexes transfer electrons from an electron donor to an electron acceptor and are associated with a proton pump to create a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.
70470 plasma membrane respiratory chain C A respiratory chain located in the plasma membrane of a cell; made up of the protein complexes that form the electron transport system (the respiratory chain), associated with the plasma membrane. The respiratory chain complexes transfer electrons from an electron donor to an electron acceptor and are associated with a proton pump to create a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.
70471 uterine smooth muscle contraction P A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the uterus. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The uterus is a muscular organ of the female mammal for containing and usually for nourishing the young during development prior to birth.
70472 regulation of uterine smooth muscle contraction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of uterine smooth muscle contraction.
70473 negative regulation of uterine smooth muscle contraction P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of uterine smooth muscle contraction.
70474 positive regulation of uterine smooth muscle contraction P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of uterine smooth muscle contraction.
70475 rRNA base methylation P The addition of a methyl group to an atom in the nucleoside base portion of a nucleotide residue in an rRNA molecule.
70476 rRNA (guanine-N7)-methylation P The addition of a methyl group to the N7 atom in the base portion of a guanine nucleotide residue in an rRNA molecule.
70477 endospore core C An intracellular part that represents the innermost portion of an endospore; the endospore core is dehydrated, enriched in dipicolinic acid and divalent cations, and metabolically inactive.
70478 nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, 3'-5' exonucleolytic nonsense-mediated decay P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the nuclear-transcribed mRNA transcript body of an mRNA in which an amino-acid codon has changed to a nonsense codon; occurs when the 3' end is not protected by a 3'-poly(A) tail; degradation proceeds in the 3' to 5' direction.
70479 nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, 5'-3' exonucleolytic nonsense-mediated decay P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the nuclear-transcribed mRNA transcript body of an mRNA in which an amino-acid codon has changed to a nonsense codon; occurs when the 5' end is not protected by a 5'-cap; degradation proceeds in the 5' to 3' direction.
70480 exonucleolytic nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process involved in deadenylation-independent decay P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that occurs independent of deadenylation, but requires decapping followed by transcript decay.
70481 nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, non-stop decay P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that is lacking a stop codon.
70482 response to oxygen levels P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of oxygen.
70483 detection of hypoxia P The series of events in which a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level.
70484 dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone, the gamma-lactone (5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2(5H)-one.
70485 dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone, the gamma-lactone (5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2(5H)-one.
70486 leukocyte aggregation P The adhesion of one leukocyte to one or more other leukocytes via adhesion molecules.
70487 monocyte aggregation P The adhesion of one monocyte to one or more other monocytes via adhesion molecules.
70488 neutrophil aggregation P The adhesion of one neutrophil to one or more other neutrophils via adhesion molecules.
70489 T cell aggregation P The adhesion of one T cell to one or more other T cells via adhesion molecules.
70490 protein pupylation P The process in which a Pup protein is conjugated to a target protein via an isopeptide bond between the carboxyl terminus of Pup and the epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue of the target protein.
70491 repressing transcription factor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a transcription repressor, any protein whose activity is required to prevent or downregulate transcription.
70492 oligosaccharide binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any oligosaccharide, a molecule with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages.
70493 thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a thrombin-activated receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
70494 regulation of thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathway activity. A thrombin receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a thrombin-activated receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
70495 negative regulation of thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thrombin-activated receptor protein signaling pathway activity. A thrombin receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a thrombin-activated receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
70496 positive regulation of thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of thrombin-activated receptor protein signaling pathway activity. A thrombin receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a thrombin-activated receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
70497 6-carboxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate + H2O = 6-carboxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin + triphosphate + acetaldehyde + 2 H+.
70498 interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-1 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
70499 exosporium assembly P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation of an exosporium, the outermost layer of a bacterial endospore.
70500 poly-gamma-glutamate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly-gamma-glutamate, a polymer of D- and/or L-glutamic acid residues linked by gamma-peptidyl bonds.
70501 poly-gamma-glutamate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly-gamma-glutamate, a polymer of D- and/or L-glutamic acid residues linked by gamma-peptidyl bonds.
70502 capsule poly-gamma-glutamate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly-gamma-glutamate, a polymer of D- and/or L-glutamic acid residues linked by gamma-peptidyl bonds, that forms all or part of a bacterial capsule.
70503 selenium-containing prosthetic group metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a prosthetic group that contains selenium, as in the selenium-dependent molybdenum hydroxylases. The selenium atom in the prosthetic group is required for enzymatic function but is labile to a variety of treatments.
70504 selenium-containing prosthetic group biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a prosthetic group that contains selenium, as in the selenium-dependent molybdenum hydroxylases. The selenium atom in the prosthetic group is required for enzymatic function but is labile to a variety of treatments.
70505 pollen coat C A layer of extracellular matrix deposited onto the surface of the pollen wall upon disintegration of the tapetal layer of the anther wall in the late stages of pollen development. The composition of this material is highly heterogeneous and includes waxes, lipid droplets, small aromatic molecules, and proteins. The pollen coat is proposed to have many functions, such as holding pollen in the anther until dispersal, facilitation of pollen dispersal, protection of pollen from water loss and UV radiation, and facilitation of adhesion of pollen to the stigma.
70506 high-density lipoprotein particle receptor activity F Combining with a high-density lipoprotein particle and delivering the high-density lipoprotein into the cell via endocytosis.
70507 regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins.
70508 cholesterol import P The directed movement of cholesterol into a cell or organelle.
70509 calcium ion import P The directed movement of calcium ions into a cell or organelle.
70510 regulation of histone H4-K20 methylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 20 of histone H4.
70511 negative regulation of histone H4-K20 methylation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 20 of histone H4.
70512 positive regulation of histone H4-K20 methylation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 20 of histone H4.
70513 death domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a death domain of a protein. The death domain (DD) is a homotypic protein interaction module composed of a bundle of six alpha-helices. DD bind each other forming oligomers. Some DD-containing proteins are involved in the regulation of apoptosis and inflammation through their activation of caspases and NF-kappaB.
70514 SRF-myogenin-E12 complex C A transcription factor complex that contains the serum response factor (SRF) and the basic helix-loop-helix proteins myogenin and E12, and is involved in activating transcription of muscle-specific genes.
70515 alphaIIb-beta3 integrin-talin complex C A protein complex that consists of an alphaIIb-beta3 integrin complex bound to talin.
70516 CAK-ERCC2 complex C A protein complex formed by the association of the cyclin-dependent protein kinase activating kinase (CAK) holoenzyme complex with ERCC2.
70517 DNA replication factor C core complex C A protein complex containing three of the five subunits of eukaryotic replication factor C, those corresponding to human p40, p38, and p37.
70518 alpha4-beta1 integrin-CD53 complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to membrane protein CD53, a member of the tetraspan family.
70519 alpha4-beta1 integrin-CD63 complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to membrane protein CD63, a member of the tetraspan family.
70520 alpha4-beta1 integrin-CD81 complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to membrane protein CD81, a member of the tetraspan family.
70521 alpha4-beta1 integrin-CD82 complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to membrane protein CD82, a member of the tetraspan family.
70522 ERCC4-ERCC1 complex C A heterodimeric nucleotide-excision repair complex that has endonuclease activity specific for bubble structures characteristic of certain DNA lesions. The subunits are known as XPF/ERCC4 and ERCC1 in mammals, and Rad1p and Rad10p in S. cerevisiae.
70523 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an 11-beta-hydroxysteroid + NAD+ = an 11-oxosteroid + NADH + H+.
70524 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an 11-beta-hydroxysteroid + NADP+ = an 11-oxosteroid + NADPH + H+.
70525 tRNA threonylcarbamoyladenosine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving tRNA threonylcarbamoyladenosine, a modified nucleoside found in some tRNA molecules.
70527 platelet aggregation P The adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules.
70528 protein kinase C signaling P A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase C, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
70529 L-tryptophan aminotransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of an amino group from L-tryptophan to an acceptor, usually a 2-oxo acid.
70530 K63-linked polyubiquitin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently and non-covalently with a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 63 of the ubiquitin monomers.
70531 BRCA1-A complex C A protein complex that contains the BRCA1-BARD1 heterodimer, RAP80/UIMC1, BRCC3/BRCC36, BRE/BRCC45, FAM175A/CCDC98/Abraxas and MERIT40/NBA1, and specifically recognizes and binds K63-linked polyubiquitin chains present on histone H2A and H2AX at DNA damage sites.
70532 BRCA1-B complex C A protein complex that contains the BRCA1-BARD1 heterodimer, BACH1 and TopBP1, and binds to DNA during S phase at DNA damage sites.
70533 BRCA1-C complex C A protein complex that contains the BRCA1-BARD1 heterodimer, CtIP and Mre11/Rad50/NBS1 (M/R/N) complex, and binds to DNA at DNA damage sites. BRCA1-C binding ta damaged DNA is required for DNA damage-induced Chk1 phosphorylation and the G2/M transition checkpoint.
70534 protein K63-linked ubiquitination P A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 63 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein. K63-linked ubiquitination does not target the substrate protein for degradation, but is involved in several pathways, notably as a signal to promote error-free DNA postreplication repair.
70535 histone H2A K63-linked ubiquitination P A histone ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 63 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a lysine residue in histone H2A or the variant H2AX.
70536 protein K63-linked deubiquitination P A protein deubiquitination process in which a K63-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 63 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein.
70537 histone H2A K63-linked deubiquitination P A protein deubiquitination process in which a K63-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 63 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a lysine residue in histone H2A or the variant H2AX.
70538 oleic acid binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with oleic acid, the 18-carbon monounsaturated fatty acid (9Z)-octadec-9-enoic acid.
70539 linoleic acid binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with linoleic acid, the 18-carbon unsaturated fatty acid (9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid.
70540 stearic acid binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with stearic acid, the 18-carbon saturated fatty acid octadecanoic acid.
70541 response to platinum ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a platinum stimulus.
70542 response to fatty acid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fatty acid stimulus.
70543 response to linoleic acid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a linoleic acid stimulus.
70544 histone H3-K36 demethylation P The modification of histone H3 by the removal of a methyl group from lysine at position 36 of the histone.
70545 PeBoW complex C A protein complex that is involved in coordinating ribosome biogenesis with cell cycle progression. In human, it is composed of Pes1, Bop1, and WDR12; in Saccharomyces the proteins are known as Nop7p, Erb1 and Ytm1 respectively.
70546 L-phenylalanine aminotransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of an amino group from L-phenylalanine to an acceptor, usually a 2-oxo acid.
70547 L-tyrosine aminotransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of an amino group from L-tyrosine to an acceptor, usually a 2-oxo acid.
70548 L-glutamine aminotransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of an amino group from L-glutamine to an acceptor, usually a 2-oxo acid.
70549 negative regulation of translation involved in RNA interference P A process of negative regulation of translation that is mediated by the association of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) with a cognate target mRNA.
70550 rDNA condensation P The process in which the chromatin structure of the rDNA repeats is compacted. In S. cerevisiae, condensation and resolution of the rDNA occurs during anaphase.
70551 endoribonuclease activity, cleaving siRNA-paired mRNA F Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of the mRNA in a double-stranded RNA molecule formed by the base pairing of an mRNA with an siRNA, yielding 5'-phosphomonoesters.
70552 BRISC complex C A protein complex that contains the FAM175B/ABRO1, BRCC3/BRCC36, BRE/BRCC45 and MERIT40/NBA1 proteins, and specifically cleaves K63-linked polyubiquitin chains.
70553 nicotinic acid receptor activity F Combining with nicotinic acid to initiate a change in cell activity.
70554 synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-3-complexin complex C A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, syntaxin 3, and a complexin (or orthologs thereof).
70555 response to interleukin-1 P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-1 stimulus.
70556 TAF4B-containing transcription factor TFIID complex C A transcription factor TFIID complex that contains the TBP-associated factor TAF4B (also known as TAFII105 in human), a cell-type-specific variant of TAF4.
70557 PCNA-p21 complex C A protein complex that contains the cyclin-dependent protein kinase inhibitor p21WAF1/CIP1 bound to PCNA; formation of the complex inhibits DNA replication.
70558 alphaM-beta2 integrin-CD63 complex C A protein complex that consists of an alphaM-beta2 integrin complex bound to membrane protein CD63, a member of the tetraspan family.
70559 lysosomal multienzyme complex C A protein complex found in the lysosome that contains beta-galactosidase, cathepsin A, alpha-neuraminidase and N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase, and is involved in glycosaminoglycan catabolism.
70560 protein secretion by platelet P The regulated release of proteins by a platelet or group of platelets.
70561 vitamin D receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a vitamin D receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
70562 regulation of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway activity.
70563 negative regulation of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the vitamin D receptor signaling pathway activity.
70564 positive regulation of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway activity.
70565 telomere-telomerase complex C A complex of DNA and protein located at the end of a linear chromosome that enables replication of the telomeric repeat sequences at the end of a linear chromosome.
70566 adenylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of an adenylyl group to an acceptor.
70567 cytidylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a cytidylyl group to an acceptor.
70568 guanylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a guanylyl group to an acceptor.
70569 uridylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of an uridylyl group to an acceptor.
70570 regulation of neuron projection regeneration P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection regeneration, the regrowth of neuronal processes such as axons or dendrites following their loss or damage.
70571 negative regulation of neuron projection regeneration P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron projection regeneration, the regrowth of neuronal processes such as axons or dendrites following their loss or damage.
70572 positive regulation of neuron projection regeneration P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron projection regeneration, the regrowth of neuronal processes such as axons or dendrites following their loss or damage.
70573 metallodipeptidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a dipeptide by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions.
70574 cadmium ion transmembrane transport P A process in which a cadmium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
70575 peptide mating pheromone maturation involved in pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation P The formation of a mature peptide mating pheromone by proteolysis and/or modification of a peptide precursor, occurring in the context of pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation.
70576 vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the hydroxylation of C-24 of any form of vitamin D.
70577 lysine-acetylated histone binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a histone in which a lysine residue has been modified by acetylation.
70578 RISC-loading complex C A trimeric ribonucleoprotein complex that and is required for the formation of a mature RNA induced silencing complex (RISC). In humans the complex is composed of the endonuclease Dicer (DICER1) and TRBP (TARBP2) in association with the Argonaute protein Ago2 (EIF2C2/AGO2). Within the complex, Dicer and TRBP are required to process precursor miRNAs (pre-miRNAs) to mature miRNAs and then load them onto Ago2. Ago2 bound to the mature miRNA constitutes the minimal RISC and may subsequently dissociate from Dicer and TRBP. This complex has endoribonuclease activity.
70579 methylcytosine dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: methylcytosine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 5-hydroxymethylcytosine + succinate + CO2.
70580 base J metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving base J (beta-D-glucosyl-hydroxymethyluracil), a hypermodified thymidine residue found in the genome of kinetoplastid parasites. This modified base is localized primarily to repetitive DNA, namely the telomeres, and is implicated in the regulation of antigenic variation. The base is synthesized in a two-step pathway. Initially, a thymidine residue in DNA is hydroxylated by a thymidine hydroxylase (TH) to form the intermediate hydroxymethyluracil, which is then glucosylated to form base J.
70581 rolling circle DNA replication P A DNA-dependent DNA replication process in which a single-stranded DNA molecule is synthesized from a circular duplex template. Replication typically does not cease when one circumference has been replicated, but continues around the circumference several more times, producing a long single strand comprising multimers of the replicon.
70582 theta DNA replication P A DNA-dependent DNA replication process in which a double-stranded DNA molecule is synthesized from a circular duplex template.
70583 spore membrane bending pathway P The process in which a bending force is generated in the prospore membrane to form the characteristic curved shape of the prospore.
70584 mitochondrion morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of a mitochondrion are generated and organized.
70585 protein localization to mitochondrion P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the mitochondrion.
70586 cell-cell adhesion involved in gastrulation P The attachment of one cell to another cell affecting gastrulation.
70587 regulation of cell-cell adhesion involved in gastrulation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell affecting gastrulation.
70588 calcium ion transmembrane transport P A process in which a calcium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
70589 cellular component macromolecule biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule that is destined to form part of a specific cellular component.
70590 spore wall biogenesis P A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a spore wall. A spore wall is the specialized cell wall lying outside the cell membrane of a spore.
70591 ascospore wall biogenesis P A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of an ascospore wall.
70592 cell wall polysaccharide biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a polysaccharide destined to form part of a cell wall.
70593 dendrite self-avoidance P The process in which dendrites recognize and avoid contact with sister dendrites from the same cell.
70594 juvenile hormone response element binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the juvenile hormone response element (JHRE), a conserved sequence found in the promoters of genes whose expression is regulated in response to juvenile hormone.
70595 (1->3)-alpha-glucan metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
70596 (1->3)-alpha-glucan biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
70597 cell wall (1->3)-alpha-glucan metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
70598 cell wall (1->3)-alpha-glucan biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
70599 fungal-type cell wall (1->3)-alpha-glucan metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of ascospores.
70600 fungal-type cell wall (1->3)-alpha-glucan biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in fungal-type cell walls, including those of ascospores.
70601 centromeric sister chromatid cohesion P The cell cycle process in which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the length of the centromeric region of the chromosome.
70602 regulation of centromeric sister chromatid cohesion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid cohesion in the centromeric region of a chromosome.
70603 SWI/SNF superfamily-type complex C A protein complex that contains an ortholog of the Saccharomyces ATPase Swi2/Snf2 as one of the core components and mediates assembly of nucleosomes, changes to the spacing or structure of nucleosomes, or some combination of those activities in a manner that requires ATP.
70604 PBAF complex C A SWI/SNF-type complex that contains the ATPase product of the mammalian BAF180 gene.
70605 regulation of (1->3)-alpha-glucan metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
70606 regulation of (1->3)-alpha-glucan biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
70607 regulation of cell wall (1->3)-alpha-glucan metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
70608 regulation of cell wall (1->3)-alpha-glucan biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
70609 regulation of fungal-type cell wall (1->3)-alpha-glucan metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of ascospores.
70610 regulation of fungal-type cell wall (1->3)-alpha-glucan biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in fungal-type cell walls, including those of ascospores.
70611 histone methyltransferase activity (H3-R2 specific) F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H3)-arginine (position 2) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H3)-N-methyl-arginine (position 2). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to arginine at position 2 of histone H3.
70612 histone methyltransferase activity (H2A-R3 specific) F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H2A)-arginine (position 3) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H2A)-N-methyl-arginine (position 3). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to arginine at position 3 of histone H2A.
70613 regulation of protein processing P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein processing, any protein maturation process achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein.
70614 tungstate ion transport P The directed movement of tungstate (WO4 2-) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Tungstate is a bivalent oxoanion of tungsten.
70615 nucleosome-dependent ATPase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate. This reaction requires the presence of one or more nucleosomes.
70616 regulation of thiamine diphosphate biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine diphosphate.
70617 negative regulation of thiamine diphosphate biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine diphosphate.
70618 Grb2-Sos complex C A protein complex that contains Grb2 and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Sos (or an ortholog thereof, such as mSos1), and is involved in linking EGFR activation to the p21-Ras pathway.
70619 Shc-Grb2-Sos complex C A protein complex that contains Grb2, the adaptor protein Shc and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Sos (or an ortholog thereof, such as mSos1), and is involved in linking EGFR activation to the p21-Ras pathway.
70620 EGFR-Grb2-Sos complex C A protein complex that contains the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Grb2 and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Sos (or an ortholog thereof, such as mSos1), and is involved in linking EGFR activation to the p21-Ras pathway.
70621 EGFR-Shc-Grb2-Sos complex C A protein complex that contains the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Grb2, the adaptor protein SHC and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Sos (or an ortholog thereof, such as mSos1), and is involved in linking EGFR activation to the p21-Ras pathway.
70622 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-lysosomal-enzyme N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase complex C A protein complex that possesses UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-lysosomal-enzyme N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase activity; the bovine complex contains disulfide-linked homodimers of 166- and 51-kDa subunits and two identical, noncovalently associated 56-kDa subunits.
70623 regulation of thiamine biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine.
70624 negative regulation of thiamine biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine.
70625 zymogen granule exocytosis P The release of intracellular molecules contained within the zymogen granule by fusion of the granule with the plasma membrane of the oocyte, requiring calcium ions.
70626 (S)-2-(5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido)succinate AMP-lyase (fumarate-forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-(5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido)succinate = fumarate + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide.
70627 ferrous iron import P The directed movement of ferrous iron (Fe(II) or Fe2+) ions across a membrane into a cell or organelle.
70628 proteasome binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a proteasome, a large multisubunit protein complex that catalyzes protein degradation.
70629 (1->4)-alpha-glucan metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->4)-alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
70630 (1->4)-alpha-glucan biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->4)-alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
70631 spindle pole body localization P Any process in which a spindle pole body is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. A spindle pole body is a type of microtubule organizing center found in fungal cells.
70632 establishment of spindle pole body localization P Any process in which a spindle pole body is transported to a specific location. A spindle pole body is a type of microtubule organizing center found in fungal cells.
70633 transepithelial transport P The directed movement of a substance from one side of an epithelium to the other.
70634 transepithelial ammonium transport P The directed movement of ammonium ions from one side of an epithelium to the other.
70635 nicotinamide riboside hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: nicotinamide riboside + H2O = nicotinamide + D-ribose.
70636 nicotinic acid riboside hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: nicotinic acid riboside + H2O = nicotinic acid + D-ribose.
70637 pyridine nucleoside metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving any pyridine nucleoside, a nucleoside in which a pyridine base covalently bonded to a sugar, usually ribose.
70638 pyridine nucleoside catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any pyridine nucleoside, a nucleoside in which a pyridine base covalently bonded to a sugar, usually ribose.
70639 vitamin D2 metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin D2, (3S,5Z,7E,22E)-9,10-secoergosta-5,7,10(19),22-tetraen-3-ol.
70640 vitamin D3 metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin D3, (3S,5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-trien-3-ol.
70641 vitamin D4 metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin D4, (3S,5Z,7E)-9,10-secoergosta-5,7,10(19)-trien-3-ol.
70642 vitamin D5 metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin D5, (1S,3Z)-3-[(2E)-2-[(1R,3aS,7aR)-1-[(1R,4S)-4-ethyl-1,5-dimethylhexyl]-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylene-1-cyclohexanol.
70643 vitamin D 25-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the hydroxylation of C-25 of any form of vitamin D.
70644 vitamin D response element binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the vitamin D response element (VDRE), a short sequence with dyad symmetry found in the promoters of some of the cellular immediate-early genes, regulated by serum.
70645 Ubisch body C A small, granular structure that is found in the extracellular matrix of cell of the secretory tapetal layer that surrounds developing pollen grains. Ubisch bodies have a sporopollenin coat, are attached to the peritapetal wall, and may play a role in pollen development.
70646 protein modification by small protein removal P A protein modification process in which one or more covalently attached groups of a small protein, such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein, are removed from a target protein.
70647 protein modification by small protein conjugation or removal P A protein modification process in which one or more groups of a small protein, such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein, are covalently attached to or removed from a target protein.
70648 formin-nucleated actin cable C An actin filament bundle that consists of short filaments organized into bundles of uniform polarity, and is nucleated by formins. In fungal cells, myosin motors transport cargo along actin cables toward sites of polarized cell growth; actin cables may play a similar role in pollen tube growth.
70649 formin-nucleated actin cable assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a formin-nucleated actin cable. A formin-nucleated actin cable is an actin filament bundle that consists of short filaments organized into bundles of uniform polarity, and is nucleated by formins.
70650 actin filament bundle distribution P Any cellular process that establishes the spatial arrangement of actin filament bundles within the cell.
70651 nonfunctional rRNA decay P An rRNA catabolic process that results in the targeted detection and degradation of aberrant rRNAs contained within translationally defective ribosomes, thereby acting as a quality-control system.
70652 HAUS complex C A protein complex that localizes to interphase centrosomes and to mitotic spindle tubules and regulates mitotic spindle assembly and centrosome integrity; in human, the complex consists of eight subunits, some of which are homologous to subunits of the Drosophila Augmin complex.
70653 high-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a high-density lipoprotein receptor.
70654 sensory epithelium regeneration P The regrowth of a sensory epithelium following its loss or destruction.
70655 mechanosensory epithelium regeneration P The regrowth of lost or destroyed mechanosensory epithelia.
70656 mechanoreceptor differentiation involved in mechanosensory epithelium regeneration P Differentiation of new mechanoreceptors to replace those lost or destroyed by injury.
70657 neuromast regeneration P The regrowth of a neuromast following its loss or destruction.
70658 neuromast hair cell differentiation involved in neuromast regeneration P Differentiation of new neuromast sensory hair cells to replace those lost or destroyed by injury.
70659 inner ear sensory epithelium regeneration P The regrowth of lost or destroyed inner ear sensory epithelia.
70660 inner ear receptor cell differentiation involved in inner ear sensory epithelium regeneration P Differentiation of new inner ear sensory hair cells to replace those lost or destroyed by injury.
70661 leukocyte proliferation P The expansion of a leukocyte population by cell division.
70662 mast cell proliferation P The expansion of a mast cell population by cell division.
70663 regulation of leukocyte proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte proliferation.
70664 negative regulation of leukocyte proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte proliferation.
70665 positive regulation of leukocyte proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte proliferation.
70666 regulation of mast cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mast cell proliferation.
70667 negative regulation of mast cell proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mast cell proliferation.
70668 positive regulation of mast cell proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of mast cell proliferation.
70669 response to interleukin-2 P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-2 stimulus.
70670 response to interleukin-4 P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-4 stimulus.
70671 response to interleukin-12 P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-12 stimulus.
70672 response to interleukin-15 P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-15 stimulus.
70673 response to interleukin-18 P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-18 stimulus.
70674 hypoxanthine dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: hypoxanthine + NAD+ + H2O = xanthine + NADH + H+.
70675 hypoxanthine oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: hypoxanthine + H2O + O2 = xanthine + H2O2.
70676 intralumenal vesicle formation P The invagination of the endosome membrane and resulting formation of a vesicle within the lumen of the endosome.
70677 rRNA (cytosine-2'-O-)-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing 2'-O-methylcytosine.
70678 preprotein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a preprotein, the unprocessed form of a protein destined to undergo co- or post-translational processing.
70679 inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate.
70680 asparaginyl-tRNAAsn biosynthesis via transamidation P A tRNA aminoacylation process in which asparaginyl-tRNAAsn is formed by a tRNA-dependent two-step pathway. In the first step a non-discriminating aspartyl-tRNA synthetase generates the misacylated L-aspartyl-tRNAAsn species, and in the second step it is amidated to the correctly charged L-asparaginyl-tRNAAsn by the heterotrimeric aspartyl-tRNAAsn amidotransferase.
70681 glutaminyl-tRNAGln biosynthesis via transamidation P A tRNA aminoacylation process in which glutaminyl-tRNAGln is formed by a tRNA-dependent two-step pathway. In the first step a non-discriminating glutamyl-tRNAGlx synthetase generates the misacylated L-glutamyl-tRNAGln species, and in the second step it is amidated to the correctly charged L-glutaminyl-tRNAGln by a glutamyl-tRNAGln amidotransferase.
70682 proteasome regulatory particle assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a mature, active proteasome regulatory particle complex.
70684 seminal clot liquefaction P The reproductive process in which coagulated semen becomes liquid following ejaculation, allowing the progressive release of motile spermatozoa.
70685 macropinocytic cup C A cell projection that forms at the site of macropinocytosis, a form of endocytosis that results in the uptake of relatively large amounts of extracellular fluid. The macropinocytic cup membrane selectively excludes certain proteins, such as H36 or PM4C4 in Dictyostelium, and the underlying cytoskeleton is enriched in F-actin and coronin.
70686 macropinocytic cup membrane C The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a macropinocytic cup.
70687 macropinocytic cup cytoskeleton C The part of the cortical actin cytoskeleton that forms part of a macropinocytic cup.
70688 MLL5-L complex C A protein complex that can methylate lysine-4 of histone H3 and plays an essential role in retinoic-acid-induced granulopoiesis. MLL5 is the catalytic methyltransferase subunit, and the complex also contains serine/threonine kinase 38 (STK38), protein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunits, the host cell factor-1 N-terminal subunit, beta-actin, and O-GlcNAc transferase; the human genes encoding the subunits are MLL5, STK38, PPP1CA, PPP1CB, PPP1CC, HCFC1, ACTB and OGT, respectively.
70689 L-threonine catabolic process to propionate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-threonine (the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid) to form the compound propionate.
70690 L-threonine catabolic process to acetyl-CoA P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-threonine (the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid) into glycine and acetaldehyde, with acetaldehyde being subsequently converted to acetyl-CoA.
70691 P-TEFb complex C A dimeric positive transcription elongation factor complex b that comprises a cyclin-dependent kinase containing the catalytic subunit, Cdk9, and a regulatory subunit, cyclin T.
70692 CTDK-1 complex C A positive transcription elongation factor complex that comprises the CDK kinase CTK1 (in budding yeast), Lsk1 (in fission yeast) (corresponding to the Panther PTHR24056:SF39 family), a cyclin and an additional gamma subunit (corresponding to the InterPRO entry IPR024638).
70693 P-TEFb-cap methyltransferase complex C A protein complex that is formed by the association of positive transcription elongation factor complex b (P-TEFb) with the mRNA capping methyltransferase.
70694 deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate N-glycosidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate + H2O = deoxyribose 5-monophosphate + a purine or pyrimidine base.
70695 FHF complex C A protein complex that is composed of AKTIP/FTS, FAM160A2/p107FHIP, and one or more members of the Hook family of proteins, HOOK1, HOOK2, and HOOK3. The complex is thought to promote vesicle trafficking and/or fusion, and associates with the homotypic vesicular sorting complex (the HOPS complex).
70696 transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a receptor that spans a cell membrane and possesses protein serine/threonine kinase activity.
70697 activin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an activin receptor.
70698 type I activin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type I activin receptor.
70699 type II activin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type II activin receptor.
70700 BMP receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a BMP receptor.
70701 mucus layer C An extracellular region part that consists of a protective layer of mucus secreted by epithelial cells lining tubular organs of the body such as the colon or secreted into fluids such as saliva. Mucus is a viscous slimy secretion consisting of mucins (i.e. highly glycosylated mucin proteins) and various inorganic salts dissolved in water, with suspended epithelial cells and leukocytes.
70702 inner mucus layer C The inner of two mucus layers secreted by epithelial cells in the colon; the inner mucus layer is firmly attached to the epithelium, is densely packed with a compact stratified appearance and is devoid of bacteria.
70703 outer mucus layer C The outer of two mucus layers secreted by epithelial cells in the colon; the outer mucus layer is loosely packed and can be colonized by bacteria.
70704 sterol desaturase activity F Catalysis of the introduction of a double bond into a sterol molecule.
70705 RNA nucleotide insertion P The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of one or more nucleotides.
70706 RNA nucleotide deletion P The modification of an RNA molecule by removal of a single nucleotide.
70707 RNA dinucleotide insertion P The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of a dinucleotide.
70708 RNA cytidine insertion P The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of a cytidine nucleotide.
70709 RNA guanosine insertion P The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of a guanosine nucleotide.
70710 RNA uridine deletion P The modification of an RNA molecule by removal of a uridine nucleotide.
70711 RNA adenosine-uridine insertion P The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of an adenosine-uridine dinucleotide.
70712 RNA cytidine-uridine insertion P The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of an cytidine-uridine dinucleotide.
70713 RNA guanosine-cytidine insertion P The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of an guanosine-cytidine dinucleotide.
70714 RNA guanosine-uridine insertion P The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of an guanosine-uridine insertion dinucleotide.
70715 sodium-dependent organic cation transport P The directed, sodium-dependent, movement of organic cations into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
70716 mismatch repair involved in maintenance of fidelity involved in DNA-dependent DNA replication P A mismatch repair process that corrects errors introduced that ensures the accuracy of DNA replication.
70717 poly-purine tract binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any stretch of purines (adenine or guanine) in an RNA molecule.
70718 alphaPDGFR-SHP-2 complex C A protein complex that contains the platelet-derived growth factor alpha receptor (alphaPDGFR; PDGFRA) and the adaptor protein SHP-2, and is involved signaling via the PDGFR signaling pathway.
70719 alphaPDGFR-PLC-gamma-1-PI3K-SHP-2 complex C A protein complex that contains the platelet-derived growth factor alpha receptor (alphaPDGFR; PDGFRA), phospholipase C-gamma-1 (PLC-gamma-1), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and the adaptor protein SHP-2, and is involved signaling via the PDGFR signaling pathway.
70720 Grb2-SHP-2 complex C A protein complex that contains the receptor adaptor proteins Grb2 and SHP-2, and is involved signaling via the PDGFR signaling pathway.
70721 ISGF3 complex C A transcription factor complex that consists of a Stat1-Stat2 heterodimer and the IRF9 protein.
70722 Tle3-Aes complex C A transcriptional repressor complex that consists of a heterodimer of the proteins Tle3 (also known as Grg3b) and Aes (Grg5), which are homologs of the Drosophila groucho gene product.
70723 response to cholesterol P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cholesterol stimulus.
70724 BMP receptor complex C A protein complex that acts as a receptor for bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs); a homo- or heterodimer of type I and/or type II BMP receptor subunits.
70725 Yb body C A cytoplasmic part that appears as an electron-dense sphere of around 1.5 micron diameter containing Yb protein found in somatic cells of ovary and testis. There are one to two Yb bodies per cell.
70726 cell wall assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a cell wall. A cell wall is a rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal, and most prokaryotic cells.
70727 cellular macromolecule localization P Any process in which a macromolecule is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location at the level of a cell. Localization at the cellular level encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell.
70728 leucine binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid.
70729 cyclic nucleotide transport P The directed movement of a cyclic nucleotide, any nucleotide in which phosphate group is in diester linkage to two positions on the sugar residue, into, out of or within a cell.
70730 cAMP transport P The directed movement of cyclic AMP (cAMP), into, out of or within a cell.
70731 cGMP transport P The directed movement of cyclic GMP (cGMP), into, out of or within a cell.
70732 spindle envelope C An organelle envelope that surrounds the chromosomes and the central part of the spindle apparatus during mitosis and meiosis; observed in many invertebrates. The spindle envelope consists of membrane layers, called parafusorial membranes, derived from endoplasmic reticulum membrane; in male meiosis it forms during prometaphase and persists until early in the ensuing interphase.
70733 protein adenylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + protein = diphosphate + adenylyl-protein; mediates the addition of an adenylyl (adenosine 5'-monophosphate; AMP group) to specific residues of target proteins.
70734 histone H3-K27 methylation P The modification of histone H3 by addition of one or more methyl groups to lysine at position 27 of the histone.
70735 protein-glycine ligase activity F Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of one or more glycine residues to a specific glutamate residue on a target protein.
70736 protein-glycine ligase activity, initiating F Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of a glycine residue to the gamma-carboxyl group(s) of one or more specific glutamate residues on a target protein.
70737 protein-glycine ligase activity, elongating F Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of one or more glycine residues to a glycine residue covalently attached to the gamma-carboxyl group of a glutamate residue on a target protein, resulting in the elongation of a polyglycine side chain.
70738 tubulin-glycine ligase activity F Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of one or more glycine residues to a specific glutamate residue on a target tubulin molecule; acts on alpha or beta tubulin.
70739 protein-glutamic acid ligase activity F Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of one or more glutamate residues to a specific residue on a target protein.
70740 tubulin-glutamic acid ligase activity F Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of one or more glutamate residues to the gamma-carboxyl group(s) of one or more specific glutamate residues on a tubulin molecule.
70741 response to interleukin-6 P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-6 stimulus.
70742 C2H2 zinc finger domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a C2H2-type zinc finger domain of a protein. The C2H2 zinc finger is the classical zinc finger domain, in which two conserved cysteines and histidines co-ordinate a zinc ion.
70743 interleukin-23 complex C A protein complex that is composed of an interleukin-23 alpha (p19, product of the IL23A gene) and an interleukin-12 beta (p40, product of the IL12B gene) subunit and is secreted into the extracellular space.
70744 interleukin-27 complex C A protein complex that is composed of an interleukin-27p28 subunit (product of the IL27 gene) and an EBI3 subunit and is secreted into the extracellular space.
70745 interleukin-35 complex C A protein complex that is composed of an interleukin-12 alpha subunit (p35, product of the IL12A gene) and an EBI3 subunit and is secreted into the extracellular space.
70746 interleukin-35 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with interleukin-35.
70747 interleukin-35 receptor activity F Combining with interleukin-35 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
70748 interleukin-35 receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-35 receptor.
70749 interleukin-35 biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-35.
70750 regulation of interleukin-35 biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-35.
70751 negative regulation of interleukin-35 biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-35.
70752 positive regulation of interleukin-35 biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-35.
70753 interleukin-35 production P The appearance of interleukin-35 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
70754 regulation of interleukin-35 production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-35 production.
70755 negative regulation of interleukin-35 production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-35 production.
70756 positive regulation of interleukin-35 production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-35 production.
70757 interleukin-35-mediated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-35 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
70758 regulation of interleukin-35-mediated signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of interleukin-35-mediated binding to a cell surface receptor.
70759 negative regulation of interleukin-35-mediated signaling pathway P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of interleukin-35 binding to a cell surface receptor.
70760 positive regulation of interleukin-35-mediated signaling pathway P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of interleukin-35 binding to a cell surface receptor.
70761 pre-snoRNP complex C A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains a precursor small nucleolar RNA (pre-snoRNA) and associated proteins, and forms during small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complex (snoRNP) assembly. Pre-snoRNP complexes may contain proteins not found in the corresponding mature snoRNP complexes.
70762 nuclear pore transmembrane ring C A subcomplex of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) that spans the nuclear membrane and anchors the NPC to the nuclear envelope. In S. cerevisiae, the transmembrane ring is composed of Pom152p, Pom34p, and Ndc1p. In vertebrates, it is composed of Gp210, Ndc1, and Pom121. Components are arranged in 8-fold symmetrical 'spokes' around the central transport channel. A single 'spoke', can be isolated and is sometime referred to as the Ndc1 complex.
70763 Delta1 complex C A protein complex that consists of homodimer of the Notch ligand Delta1.
70764 gamma-secretase-Delta1 complex C A protein complex that is formed by the association of the Notch ligand Delta1 with the gamma-secretase complex.
70765 gamma-secretase complex C A protein complex that has aspartic-type endopeptidase activity, and contains a catalytic subunit, presenilin (PS), that is a prototypical member of the GxGD-type aspartyl peptidases. The complex also contains additional subunits, including nicastrin, APH-1, PEN-2, and a regulatory subunit, CD147. Gamma-secretase cleaves several transmembrane proteins including the cell surface receptor Notch and the beta-amyloid precursor protein.
70766 endobrevin-synaptobrevin 2-alpha-SNAP-NSF-syntaxin-4 complex C A SNARE complex that contains endobrevin (VAMP8), synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), alpha-SNAP, NSF, and syntaxin 4 (or orthologs thereof).
70767 BRCA1-Rad51 complex C A protein complex that contains BRCA1 and Rad 51, and is involved in the control of recombination and of genome integrity.
70768 synaptotagmin-synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-1a-syntaxin-1b-Unc13 complex C A SNARE complex that contains synaptotagmin, synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, syntaxin 1a, syntaxin1b, and Unc13b (or orthologs thereof).
70769 alphaIIb-beta3 integrin-CIB complex C A protein complex that consists of an alphaIIb-beta3 integrin complex bound to CIB, a protein that binds calcium as well as the alphaIIb-beta3 integrin.
70770 alphaIIb-beta3 integrin-CD47-FAK complex C A protein complex that consists of an alphaIIb-beta3 integrin complex bound to the cell surface antigen CD47 and the kinase FAK.
70771 alphaIIb-beta3 integrin-CD47-Src complex C A protein complex that consists of an alphaIIb-beta3 integrin complex bound to the cell surface antigen CD47 and the kinase c-Src.
70772 PAS complex C A class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex that contains a phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate 5-kinase subunit (Fab1p in yeast; PIKfyve in mammals), a kinase activator, and a phosphatase, and may also contain additional proteins; it is involved in regulating the synthesis and turnover of phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate. In mammals the complex is composed of PIKFYVE, FIG4 and VAC14. In yeast it is composed of Atg18p, Fig4p, Fab1p, Vac14p and Vac7p.
70773 protein-N-terminal glutamine amidohydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: protein-N-terminal-L-glutamine + H2O = protein-N-terminal-L-glutamate + NH3. This reaction is the deamidation of an N-terminal glutamine residue of a protein.
70774 phytoceramidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a phytoceramide + H2O = a fatty acid + phytosphingosine.
70775 H3 histone acetyltransferase complex C A multisubunit complex that catalyzes the acetylation of histone H3.
70776 MOZ/MORF histone acetyltransferase complex C A histone acetyltransferase complex that has histone H3 acetyltransferase and coactivator activities. Subunits of the human complex include MYST3/MOZ, MYST4/MORF, ING5, EAF6 and one of BRPF1, BRD1/BRPF2 and BRPF3.
70777 D-aspartate transport P The directed movement of D-aspartate, the D-enantiomer of the anion of (2R)-2-aminobutanedioic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
70778 L-aspartate transport P The directed movement of L-aspartate, the L-enantiomer of the anion of (2R)-2-aminobutanedioic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
70779 D-aspartate import P The directed movement of D-aspartate, the L-enantiomer of the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid, into a cell or organelle.
70780 dihydrosphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dihydrosphingosine 1-phosphate + H2O = dihydrosphingosine + phosphate.
70781 response to biotin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotin stimulus.
70782 phosphatidylserine exposure on apoptotic cell surface P A phospholipid scrambling process that results in the appearance of phosphatidylserine on the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane of an apoptotic cell, which acts as an 'eat-me' signal for engulfing cells. Phosphatidylserine is exposed on the apoptotic cell surface by a phospholipid scramblase activity.
70783 growth of unicellular organism as a thread of attached cells P A filamentous growth process in which cells remain attached after division and form thread-like filaments that may penetrate into a solid growth medium such as an agar plate, exhibited by unicellular fungi under certain growth conditions.
70784 regulation of growth of unicellular organism as a thread of attached cells P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which cells remain attached after division and form thread-like filaments that may penetrate into a solid growth medium.
70785 negative regulation of growth of unicellular organism as a thread of attached cells P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which cells remain attached after division and form thread-like filaments that may penetrate into a solid growth medium.
70786 positive regulation of growth of unicellular organism as a thread of attached cells P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which cells remain attached after division and form thread-like filaments that may penetrate into a solid growth medium.
70787 conidiophore development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the conidiophore over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The conidiophore is a specialized hypha that extends aerially from the growth substrate and bears conidia, or asexual spores.
70788 conidiophore stalk development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the conidiophore stalk over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The conidiophore stalk is part of a specialized hypha that extends aerially from the growth substrate and supports structures from which conidia, or asexual spores, develop.
70789 metula development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of metulae over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Metulae are elongated mononucleate cells that bud from the surface of the conidiophore tip.
70790 phialide development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of phialides over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Phialides are specialized cells that bud from the ends of metulae on the conidiophore tip. Chains of conidia, or asexual spores, develop from the phialide tips.
70791 cleistothecium development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cleistothecium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cleistothecium is a closed sexual fruiting body that contains ascospores in linear asci, characteristic of some filamentous Ascomycete fungi such as members of the genera Aspergillus and Emericella.
70792 Hulle cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of Hulle cells over time, from their formation to the mature structures. Hulle cells are specialized multinucleate cells that originate from a nest-like aggregation of hyphae during sexual development and serve as nurse cells to the developing cleistothecium, or fruiting body.
70793 regulation of conidiophore development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of conidiophore development, a process that leads to the formation of a conidiophore. The conidiophore is a specialized hypha that extends aerially from the growth substrate and bears conidia, or asexual spores.
70794 negative regulation of conidiophore development P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of conidiophore development, a process that leads to the formation of a conidiophore. The conidiophore is a specialized hypha that extends aerially from the growth substrate and bears conidia, or asexual spores.
70795 positive regulation of conidiophore development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of conidiophore development, a process that leads to the formation of a conidiophore. The conidiophore is a specialized hypha that extends aerially from the growth substrate and bears conidia, or asexual spores.
70796 regulation of cleistothecium development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cleistothecium development, a process that leads to the formation of a cleistothecium. The cleistothecium is a closed sexual fruiting body that contains ascospores in linear asci, characteristic of some filamentous Ascomycete fungi such as members of the genera Aspergillus and Emericella.
70797 negative regulation of cleistothecium development P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cleistothecium development, a process that leads to the formation of a cleistothecium. The cleistothecium is a closed sexual fruiting body that contains ascospores in linear asci, characteristic of some filamentous Ascomycete fungi such as members of the genera Aspergillus and Emericella.
70798 positive regulation of cleistothecium development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cleistothecium development, a process that leads to the formation of a cleistothecium. The cleistothecium is a closed sexual fruiting body that contains ascospores in linear asci, characteristic of some filamentous Ascomycete fungi such as members of the genera Aspergillus and Emericella.
70799 regulation of conidiophore stalk development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of conidiophore stalk development, a process that leads to the formation of a conidiophore stalk. The conidiophore stalk is part of a specialized hypha that extends aerially from the growth substrate and supports structures from which conidia, or asexual spores, develop.
70800 negative regulation of conidiophore stalk development P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of conidiophore stalk development, a process that leads to the formation of a conidiophore stalk. The conidiophore stalk is part of a specialized hypha that extends aerially from the growth substrate and supports structures from which conidia, or asexual spores, develop.
70801 positive regulation of conidiophore stalk development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of conidiophore stalk development, a process that leads to the formation of a conidiophore stalk. The conidiophore stalk is part of a specialized hypha that extends aerially from the growth substrate and supports structures from which conidia, or asexual spores, develop.
70802 regulation of metula development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metula development, a process that leads to the formation of metulae. Metulae are elongated mononucleate cells that bud from the surface of the conidiophore tip.
70803 negative regulation of metula development P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metula development, a process that leads to the formation of metulae. Metulae are elongated mononucleate cells that bud from the surface of the conidiophore tip.
70804 positive regulation of metula development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metula development, a process that leads to the formation of metulae. Metulae are elongated mononucleate cells that bud from the surface of the conidiophore tip.
70805 regulation of phialide development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phialide development, a process that leads to the formation of phialides. Phialides are specialized cells that bud from the ends of metulae on the conidiophore tip.
70806 negative regulation of phialide development P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phialide development, a process that leads to the formation of phialides. Phialides are specialized cells that bud from the ends of metulae on the conidiophore tip.
70807 positive regulation of phialide development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phialide development, a process that leads to the formation of phialides. Phialides are specialized cells that bud from the ends of metulae on the conidiophore tip.
70808 regulation of Hulle cell development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Hulle cell development, a process that leads to the formation of Hulle cells. Hulle cells are specialized multinucleate cells that originate from a nest-like aggregation of hyphae during sexual development and serve as nurse cells to the developing cleistothecium, or fruiting body.
70809 negative regulation of Hulle cell development P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Hulle cell development, a process that leads to the formation of Hulle cells. Hulle cells are specialized multinucleate cells that originate from a nest-like aggregation of hyphae during sexual development and serve as nurse cells to the developing cleistothecium, or fruiting body.
70810 positive regulation of Hulle cell development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Hulle cell development, a process that leads to the formation of Hulle cells. Hulle cells are specialized multinucleate cells that originate from a nest-like aggregation of hyphae during sexual development and serve as nurse cells to the developing cleistothecium, or fruiting body.
70811 glycerol-2-phosphate transport P The directed movement of glycerol-2-phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Glycerol-2-phosphate is a phosphoric monoester of glycerol.
70812 glycerol-2-phosphate-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + glycerol-2-phosphate(out) = ADP + phosphate + glycerol-2-phosphate(in).
70813 hydrogen sulfide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving hydrogen sulfide, H2S.
70814 hydrogen sulfide biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydrogen sulfide, H2S.
70815 peptidyl-lysine 5-dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: protein L-lysine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = protein 5-hydroxy-L-lysine + succinate + CO2.
70816 phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain P The process of introducing a phosphate group on to an amino acid residue in the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. Typically, this occurs during the transcription cycle and results in production of an RNA polymerase II enzyme where the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit is extensively phosphorylated, often referred to as hyperphosphorylated or the II(0) form. Specific types of phosphorylation within the CTD are usually associated with specific regions of genes, though there are exceptions. The phosphorylation state regulates the association of specific complexes such as the capping enzyme or 3'-RNA processing machinery to the elongating RNA polymerase complex.
70817 P-TEFb-cap methyltransferase complex localization P Any process in which the P-TEFb-cap methyltransferase complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
70818 protoporphyrinogen oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: protoporphyrinogen IX + acceptor = protoporphyrin IX + reduced acceptor.
70819 menaquinone-dependent protoporphyrinogen oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: protoporphyrinogen IX + menaquinone = protoporphyrin IX + reduced menaquinone.
70820 tertiary granule C A secretory granule that contains cathepsin and gelatinase and is readily exocytosed upon cell activation; found primarily in mature neutrophil cells.
70821 tertiary granule membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a tertiary granule.
70822 Sin3-type complex C Any of a number of evolutionarily conserved histone deacetylase complexes (HDACs) containing a core consisting of a paired amphipathic helix motif protein (e.g. Sin3p in S. cerevisiae, Pst1 in S. pombe or Sin3A in mammals) at least one class I histone deacetylase (e.g. Rpd3p in S. cerevisiae, Clr6 in S. pombe, or HDAC1 and HDAC2 in mammals), and at least one WD40 repeat protein (e.g. Ume1p in S. cerevisiae, Prw1 in S. pombe, or RbAp46 and RbAp48 in mammals). These complexes also contain a variable number of other proteins that direct histone binding, DNA binding, or add other functionality to the complex.
70823 HDA1 complex C A tetrameric histone deacetylase complex that contains a Class II deacetylase catalytic subunit. In S. cerevisiae it is composed of two Hda1p subunits along with Hda2p and Hda3p.
70824 SHREC complex C A histone deacetylase complex that contains a core of four proteins -- Clr1, Clr2, Clr3, and Mit1 in fission yeast -- and localizes to all heterochromatic regions in the genome as well as some euchromatic sites. The complex is involved in regulating nucleosome positioning to assemble higher-order chromatin structures.
70825 micropyle C An external encapsulating structure part of the chorion. A single cone-shaped specialization that forms an opening in the chorion that allows sperm entry into the egg prior to fertilization.
70826 paraferritin complex C A cytoplasmic protein complex that contains integrin, mobilferrin and a flavin monooxygenase, is capable of reducing Fe(III) to Fe(II) utilizing NADPH, and is involved in iron transport. Fe(II) is required in the cell as the substrate for ferrochelatase in the synthesis of heme.
70827 chromatin maintenance P The chromatin organization process that preserves chromatin in a stable functional or structural state.
70828 heterochromatin organization P Any process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the physical structure of eukaryotic heterochromatin, a compact and highly condensed form of chromatin.
70829 heterochromatin maintenance P The chromatin organization process that preserves heterochromatin in a stable functional or structural state.
70830 bicellular tight junction assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a tight junction, an occluding cell-cell junction that is composed of a branching network of sealing strands that completely encircles the apical end of each cell in an epithelial sheet.
70831 basement membrane assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a basement membrane, a part of the extracellular region that consists of a thin layer of dense material found in various animal tissues interposed between the cells and the adjacent connective tissue.
70832 phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis from phosphoryl-ethanolamine via N-dimethylethanolamine phosphate and CDP-choline P The phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process that begins with three consecutive N-methylation steps that are carried out on phospho-bases, phosphoethanolamine, phospho-N-methylethanolamine, and phospho-N-dimethylethanolamine; the process ends with the conversion of a phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine to a phosphatidylcholine.
70833 phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis from phosphoryl-ethanolamine via CDP-N-methylethanolamine P The phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process that begins with an initial N-methylation with phospho-base phosphoethanolamine, followed by two downstream N-methylations on phosphatidyl-bases, phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine and phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine. The process ends with the conversion of a phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine to a phosphatidylcholine.
70834 phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis from phosphoryl-ethanolamine via N-dimethylethanolamine phosphate and CDP-N-dimethylethanolamine P The phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process that begins with two N-methylations with phospho-base phosphoethanolamine and phospho-N-methylethanolamine, followed by a downstream N-methylation on phosphatidyl-base phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine; the process ends with the conversion of a phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine to a phosphatidylcholine.
70835 chromium ion transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of chromium (Cr) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
70836 caveola assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a caveola. A caveola is a plasma membrane raft that forms a small pit, depression, or invagination that communicates with the outside of a cell and extends inward, indenting the cytoplasm and the cell membrane.
70837 dehydroascorbic acid transport P The directed movement of dehydroascorbate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Dehydroascorbate, 5-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)furan-2,3,4(5H)-trione, is an oxidized form of vitamin C.
70838 divalent metal ion transport P The directed movement of divalent metal cations, any metal ion with a +2 electric charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
70839 divalent metal ion export P The directed movement of divalent metal cations, any metal ion with a +2 electric charge, out of a cell or organelle.
70840 dynein complex binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a dynein complex, a protein complex that contains two or three dynein heavy chains and several light chains, and has microtubule motor activity.
70841 inclusion body assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an inclusion body.
70842 aggresome assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an aggresome; requires the microtubule cytoskeleton and dynein.
70843 misfolded protein transport P The directed movement of misfolded proteins in a cell, including the movement of proteins between specific compartments or structures within a cell.
70844 polyubiquitinated protein transport P The directed movement of polyubiquitinated proteins in a cell, including the movement of proteins between specific compartments or structures within a cell.
70845 polyubiquitinated misfolded protein transport P The directed movement of misfolded polyubiquitinated proteins in a cell, including the movement of proteins between specific compartments or structures within a cell.
70846 Hsp90 deacetylation P The modification of an Hsp90 protein by removal of acetyl groups.
70847 core mediator complex C A protein complex that interacts with the carboxy-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and plays an active role in transducing the signal from a transcription factor to the transcriptional machinery. The core mediator complex has a stimulatory effect on basal transcription, and contains most of the same subdomains as the larger form of mediator complex -- a head domain comprising proteins known in Saccharomyces as Srb2, -4, and -5, Med6, -8, and -11, and Rox3 proteins; a middle domain comprising Med1, -4, and -7, Nut1 and -2, Cse2, Rgr1, Soh1, and Srb7 proteins; and a tail consisting of Gal11p, Med2p, Pgd1p, and Sin4p -- but lacks the regulatory subcomplex comprising Ssn2, -3, and -8, and Srb8 proteins. Metazoan core mediator complexes have similar modular structures and include homologs of yeast Srb and Med proteins.
70848 response to growth factor P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth factor stimulus.
70849 response to epidermal growth factor P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an epidermal growth factor stimulus.
70850 TACC/TOG complex C A protein complex that contains the transforming acidic coiled coil (TACC) protein and the TOG protein (Mia1p/Alp7p and Alp14, respectively, in fission yeast), and is involved in microtubule array remodeling as cells progress through the cell cycle. The TACC/TOG complex is conserved in eukaryotes, associates with microtubules, and shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm during interphase.
70851 growth factor receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a growth factor receptor.
70852 cell body fiber C A neuron projection that is found in unipolar neurons and corresponds to the region between the cell body and the point at which the single projection branches.
70853 myosin VI binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a class VI myosin. The myosin VI heavy chain has a single IQ motif in the neck and a tail region with a coiled coil domain followed by a unique globular domain, a unique insertion that enables myosin VI to move towards the pointed or minus end of actin filaments.
70854 myosin VI heavy chain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a heavy chain of a myosin VI complex.
70855 myosin VI head/neck binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the head/neck region of a myosin VI heavy chain.
70856 myosin VI light chain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a light chain of a myosin VI complex.
70857 regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids.
70858 negative regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids.
70859 positive regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids.
70860 RNA polymerase I core factor complex C A RNA polymerase I-specific transcription factor complex that is required for the transcription of rDNA by RNA polymerase I. In yeast the complex consists of Rrn6p, Rrn7p, and Rrn11p.
70861 regulation of protein exit from endoplasmic reticulum P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.
70862 negative regulation of protein exit from endoplasmic reticulum P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.
70863 positive regulation of protein exit from endoplasmic reticulum P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of directed movement of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.
70864 sperm individualization complex C A macromolecular complex that includes cytoskeletal components and part of the cell membrane. Forms at the nuclear end of a male germline syncytium, or cyst, and translocates the over the length of the syncytium in the course of sperm individualization. Each complex contains an array of 64 investment cones, one per nucleus, that move synchronously along the spermatogenic cyst.
70865 investment cone C A cytoskeletal part that consists of a microfilament-rich cone that forms round each nucleus in a spermatogenic cyst and translocates the length of the cyst during sperm individualization.
70866 sterol-dependent protein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules) in the presence of sterols.
70867 mating projection tip membrane C The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a mating projection tip.
70868 heterochromatin organization involved in chromatin silencing P Any process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the physical structure of eukaryotic heterochromatin and contributes to chromatin silencing.
70869 heterochromatin assembly involved in chromatin silencing P Any process that results in the assembly of chromatin into heterochromatin and contributes to chromatin silencing.
70870 heterochromatin maintenance involved in chromatin silencing P A chromatin organization process that preserves heterochromatin in a stable functional or structural state, and that contributes to chromatin silencing.
70871 cell wall organization involved in conjugation with cellular fusion P A process of cell wall organization that contributes to conjugation with cellular fusion.
70872 plasma membrane organization involved in conjugation with cellular fusion P A process of plasma membrane organization that contributes to conjugation with cellular fusion.
70873 regulation of glycogen metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen.
70874 negative regulation of glycogen metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen.
70875 positive regulation of glycogen metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen.
70876 SOSS complex C A protein complex that functions downstream of the MRN complex to promote DNA repair and the G2/M checkpoint. The SOSS complex associates with single-stranded DNA at DNA lesions and is composed of SOSS-B (SOSS-B1/OBFC2B or SOSS-B2/OBFC2A), SOSS-A/INTS3 and SOSS-C/C9orf80.
70877 microprocessor complex C A protein complex that binds to heme and to pri-miRNAs, and is required for the formation of a pre-microRNA (pre-miRNA), the initial step of microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis. The complex is composed of the double-stranded-RNA-specific RNase Drosha (also called RNASEN) and the RNA-binding protein DGCR8 (heme-free or heme-bound forms). Within the complex, DGCR8 function as a molecular anchor necessary for the recognition of pri-miRNA at dsRNA-ssRNA junction and directs RNASEN/Drosha to cleave the 3' and 5' strands of a stem-loop to release hairpin-shaped pre-miRNAs.
70878 primary miRNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a primary microRNA (pri-miRNA) transcript, an RNA molecule that is processed into a short hairpin-shaped structure called a pre-miRNA and finally into a functional miRNA. Both double-stranded and single-stranded regions of a pri-miRNA are required for binding.
70879 fungal-type cell wall beta-glucan metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of fungal cells.
70880 fungal-type cell wall beta-glucan biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of fungal cells.
70881 regulation of proline transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of proline transport.
70883 pre-miRNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a precursor microRNA (pre-miRNA) transcript, a stem-loop-containing precursor of microRNA.
70884 regulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade.
70885 negative regulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade.
70886 positive regulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade.
70887 cellular response to chemical stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus.
70888 E-box binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an E-box, a DNA motif with the consensus sequence CANNTG that is found in the promoters of a wide array of genes expressed in neurons, muscle and other tissues.
70889 platelet alpha granule organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a platelet alpha granule. A platelet alpha granule is a secretory organelle found in blood platelets.
70890 sodium-dependent L-ascorbate transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: L-ascorbate(out) + Na+(out) = L-ascorbate(in) + Na+(in).
70891 lipoteichoic acid binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with lipoteichoic acid.
70892 lipoteichoic acid receptor activity F Combining with lipoteichoic acid and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.
70893 transposon integration P Any process in which a transposable element is incorporated into another DNA molecule such as a chromosome.
70894 regulation of transposon integration P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of regulation of transposon integration, a process in which a transposable element is incorporated into another DNA molecule.
70895 negative regulation of transposon integration P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transposon integration, a process in which a transposable element is incorporated into another DNA molecule.
70896 positive regulation of transposon integration P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transposon integration, a process in which a transposable element is incorporated into another DNA molecule.
70897 DNA-templated transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription.
70898 RNA polymerase III transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription from an RNA polymerase III promoter.
70899 mitochondrial tRNA wobble uridine modification P The process in which a uridine in position 34 of a mitochondrial tRNA is post-transcriptionally modified.
70900 mitochondrial tRNA modification P The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within a mitochondrial tRNA molecule to produce a mitochondrial tRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.
70901 mitochondrial tRNA methylation P The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to specific residues in a mitochondrial tRNA molecule.
70902 mitochondrial tRNA pseudouridine synthesis P The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in a mitochondrial tRNA molecule.
70903 mitochondrial tRNA thio-modification P The addition a sulfur atom to a nucleotide in a mitochondrial tRNA molecule.
70904 transepithelial L-ascorbic acid transport P The directed movement of L-ascorbic acid from one side of an epithelium to the other.
70905 serine binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.
70906 aspartate:alanine antiporter activity F Catalysis of the reaction: aspartate(out) + alanine(in) = aspartate(in) + alanine(out).
70907 histidine:histamine antiporter activity F Catalysis of the reaction: histidine(out) + histamine(in) = histidine(in) + histamine(out).
70908 tyrosine:tyramine antiporter activity F Catalysis of the reaction: tyrosine(out) + tyramine(in) = tyrosine(in) + tyramine(out).
70909 glutamate:gamma-aminobutyric acid antiporter activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glutamate(out) + gamma-aminobutyric acid(in) = glutamate(in) + gamma-aminobutyric acid(out).
70910 cell wall macromolecule catabolic process involved in cell wall disassembly P The chemical reactions and pathways that result in the breakdown of macromolecules that form part of a cell wall, and contributes to the breakdown of the cell wall.
70911 global genome nucleotide-excision repair P The nucleotide-excision repair process in which DNA lesions are removed from nontranscribed strands and from transcriptionally silent regions over the entire genome.
70912 Ddb1-Ckn1 complex C A heterodimeric nucleotide-excision repair complex that is involved in transcription-coupled repair. The subunits are known as Ddb1 and Ckn1 in S. pombe; Ddb1 contains a motif called the DDB-box that interacts with adaptor proteins for DDB1/cullin 4 ubiquitin ligases.
70913 Ddb1-Wdr21 complex C A heterodimeric nucleotide-excision repair complex that is involved in transcription-coupled repair. The subunits are known as Ddb1 and Wdr21 in S. pombe; Ddb1 contains a motif called the DDB-box that interacts with adaptor proteins for DDB1/cullin 4 ubiquitin ligases.
70914 UV-damage excision repair P A DNA repair process that is initiated by an endonuclease that introduces a single-strand incision immediately 5' of a UV-induced damage site. UV-damage excision repair acts on both cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and pyrimidine-pyrimidone 6-4 photoproducts (6-4PPs).
70915 lysophosphatidic acid receptor activity F Combining with the phospholipid derivative lysophosphatidic acid, and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein.
70916 inositol phosphoceramide synthase complex C A protein complex that possesses inositol phosphoceramide synthase activity and contains a catalytic subunit and a regulatory subunit (Aur1p and Kei1p, respectively, in Saccharomyces).
70917 inositol phosphoceramide synthase regulator activity F Modulates the activity of inositol phosphoceramide synthase.
70918 production of small RNA involved in gene silencing by RNA P The process in which a double-stranded RNA precursor is processed into short (20-30 nt) fragments. RNA cleavage is catalyzed by a Dicer endonuclease.
70919 production of siRNA involved in chromatin silencing by small RNA P Cleavage of double-stranded RNA to form small interfering RNA molecules (siRNAs) of 21-23 nucleotides, in the context of chromatin silencing by small RNA.
70920 regulation of production of small RNA involved in gene silencing by RNA P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the production of small RNA involved in gene silencing by RNA.
70921 regulation of production of siRNA involved in chromatin silencing by small RNA P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the production of siRNA, the cleavage of double-stranded RNA to form small interfering RNA molecules (siRNAs) of 21-23 nucleotides, in the context of chromatin silencing by small RNA.
70922 small RNA loading onto RISC P The process in which a single-stranded small RNA associates with the RNA-initiated silencing complex (RISC); occurs as part of a process of gene silencing by small RNA.
70923 siRNA loading onto RISC involved in chromatin silencing by small RNA P The process in which a single-stranded small RNA associates with the RNA-initiated silencing complex (RISC); occurs as part of a process of chromatin silencing by small RNA.
70924 heterochromatin assembly involved in chromatin silencing by small RNA P The process in which an siRNA-associated RNA-induced silencing complex (siRISC) associates with nascent transcripts and RNA polymerase to induce the formation of heterochromatin.
70925 organelle assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an organelle. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane.
70926 regulation of ATP:ADP antiporter activity P Any process that modulates the activity of an ATP:ADP antiporter.
70927 negative regulation of ATP:ADP antiporter activity P Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an ATP:ADP antiporter.
70928 regulation of mRNA stability, ncRNA-mediated P Any process, mediated by small non-coding RNAs, that modulates the propensity of mRNA molecules to degradation. Includes processes that both stabilize and destabilize mRNAs.
70929 trans-translation P A translational elongation process in which transfer of a translating ribosome from one mRNA to another RNA template takes place. Trans-translation occurs during tmRNA release of stalled ribosomes.
70930 trans-translation-dependent protein tagging P A protein modification process in which a polypeptide is added to a nascent polypeptide cotranslationally by trans-translation.
70931 Golgi-associated vesicle lumen C The volume enclosed by the membrane of a Golgi-associated vesicle.
70932 histone H3 deacetylation P The modification of histone H3 by the removal of one or more acetyl groups.
70933 histone H4 deacetylation P The modification of histone H4 by the removal of one or more acetyl groups.
70934 CRD-mediated mRNA stabilization P An mRNA stabilization process in which one or more RNA-binding proteins associate with a sequence in the open reading frame called the coding region instability determinant (CRD).
70935 3'-UTR-mediated mRNA stabilization P An mRNA stabilization process in which one or more RNA-binding proteins associate with the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of an mRNA.
70936 protein K48-linked ubiquitination P A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 48 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein. K48-linked ubiquitination targets the substrate protein for degradation.
70937 CRD-mediated mRNA stability complex C A protein complex that binds to, and promotes stabilization of, mRNA molecules containing the coding region instability determinant (CRD). In human, IGF2BP1 and at least four additional proteins: HNRNPU, SYNCRIP, YBX1, and DHX9.
70938 contractile ring C A cytoskeletal structure composed of filamentous protein that forms beneath the membrane of many cells or organelles, in the plane of cell or organelle division. Ring contraction is associated with centripetal growth of the membrane that divides the cytoplasm of the two daughter cells or organelles.
70939 Dsl1/NZR complex C A multisubunit tethering complex, i.e. a protein complex involved in mediating the initial interaction between vesicles and the membranes with which they fuse, that is involved in trafficking from the Golgi apparatus to the ER. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the Dsl1p complex contains Dsl1p, Tip20p, and Sec39p.
70940 dephosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain P The process of removing a phosphate group from an amino acid residue in the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. Some dephosphorylation occurs during transcription while some may occur after the enzyme is released from the template in order to prepare it for the beginning of the transcription cycle again. RNA polymerase II with little or no phosphorylation is referred to as the hypophosphorylated or II(A) form.
70941 eisosome assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an eisosome, a cell part that is composed of the eisosome membrane or MCC domain, a furrow-like plasma membrane sub-domain and associated integral transmembrane proteins, and the proteins (eisosome filaments) that form a scaffolding lattice on the cytoplasmic face.
70942 neutrophil mediated cytotoxicity P The directed killing of a target cell by a neutrophil.
70943 neutrophil mediated killing of symbiont cell P The directed killing of a symbiont target cell by a neutrophil.
70944 neutrophil mediated killing of bacterium P The directed killing of a bacterium by a neutrophil.
70945 neutrophil mediated killing of gram-negative bacterium P The directed killing of a gram-negative bacterium by a neutrophil.
70946 neutrophil mediated killing of gram-positive bacterium P The directed killing of a gram-positive bacterium by a neutrophil.
70947 neutrophil mediated killing of fungus P The directed killing of a fungal cell by a neutrophil.
70948 regulation of neutrophil mediated cytotoxicity P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neutrophil mediated killing of a target cell, the directed killing of a target cell by a neutrophil.
70949 regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of symbiont cell P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neutrophil mediated killing of a symbiont cell, the directed killing of a symbiont target cell by a neutrophil.
70950 regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of bacterium P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neutrophil mediated killing of a bacterium, the directed killing of a bacterium by a neutrophil.
70951 regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of gram-negative bacterium P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neutrophil mediated killing of a gram-negative bacterium, the directed killing of a gram-negative bacterium by a neutrophil.
70952 regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of gram-positive bacterium P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neutrophil mediated killing of a gram-positive bacterium, the directed killing of a gram-positive bacterium by a neutrophil.
70953 regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of fungus P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neutrophil mediated killing of a fungal cell, the directed killing of a fungal cell by a neutrophil.
70954 negative regulation of neutrophil mediated cytotoxicity P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a target cell by a neutrophil.
70955 negative regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of symbiont cell P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a symbiont target cell by a neutrophil.
70956 negative regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of bacterium P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a bacterium by a neutrophil.
70957 negative regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of gram-negative bacterium P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a gram-negative bacterium by a neutrophil.
70958 negative regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of gram-positive bacterium P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a gram-positive bacterium by a neutrophil.
70959 negative regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of fungus P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a fungal cell by a neutrophil.
70960 positive regulation of neutrophil mediated cytotoxicity P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a target cell by a neutrophil.
70961 positive regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of symbiont cell P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a symbiont target cell by a neutrophil.
70962 positive regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of bacterium P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a bacterium by a neutrophil.
70963 positive regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of gram-negative bacterium P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a gram-negative bacterium by a neutrophil.
70964 positive regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of gram-positive bacterium P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a gram-positive bacterium by a neutrophil.
70965 positive regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of fungus P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a fungal cell by a neutrophil.
70966 nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, no-go decay P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA with stalls in translation elongation.
70967 coenzyme F420 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with F420, the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes.
70968 pyrroloquinoline quinone binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with pyrroloquinoline quinone, PQQ, the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of certain alcohol dehydrogenases and glucose dehydrogenases.
70970 interleukin-2 secretion P The regulated release of interleukin-2 from a cell.
70971 endoplasmic reticulum exit site C An endoplasmic reticulum part at which COPII-coated vesicles are produced.
70972 protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the endoplasmic reticulum.
70973 protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum exit site P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location at an endoplasmic reticulum exit site.
70974 POU domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a POU domain of a protein. The POU domain is a bipartite DNA binding domain composed of two subunits separated by a non-conserved region of 15-55 amino acids; it is found in several eukaryotic transcription factors.
70975 FHA domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a FHA domain of a protein. The FHA domain is a phosphopeptide recognition domain found in many regulatory proteins, and consists of approximately 80-100 amino acid residues folded into an 11-stranded beta sandwich.
70976 TIR domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a Toll-Interleukin receptor (TIR) domain of a protein. The TIR domain is an intracellular 200 residue domain that is found in the Toll protein, the interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R), and MyD88; it contains three highly-conserved regions, and mediates protein-protein interactions between the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and signal-transduction components.
70977 bone maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for bone to attain its fully functional state.
70978 voltage-gated calcium channel complex assembly P Cellular protein complex assembly that results in the formation of a voltage-gated calcium channel complex.
70979 protein K11-linked ubiquitination P A protein ubiquitination process in which ubiquitin monomers are attached to a protein, and then ubiquitin polymers are formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 11 of the ubiquitin monomers. K11-linked polyubiquitination targets the substrate protein for degradation. The anaphase-promoting complex promotes the degradation of mitotic regulators by assembling K11-linked polyubiquitin chains.
70980 biphenyl catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of biphenyl, a toxic aromatic hydrocarbon used as a heat transfer agent, as a fungistat in packaging citrus fruits and in plant disease control. Biphenyl can be chlorinated with 1-10 chlorine molecules to form polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
70981 L-asparagine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of asparagine, (2S)-2-amino-3-carbamoylpropanoic acid.
70982 L-asparagine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-asparagine, (2S)-2-amino-3-carbamoylpropanoic acid.
70983 dendrite guidance P The process in which the migration of a dendrite is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
70984 SET domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a SET domain of a protein. SET domains are named after three Drosophila proteins that contain this domain: Su(var), E(z) and trithorax. SET domains are associated with histone lysine methylation.
70985 TFIIK complex C A transcription factor complex that forms part of the holo TFIIH complex. In Saccharomyces/human, TFIIK contains Ccl1p/Cyclin H, Tfb3p/MAT1 and Kin2p/CDK7.
70986 left/right axis specification P The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the left/right axis. The left/right axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and dorsal/ventral axes. Each side is defined from the viewpoint of the organism rather of the observer (as per anatomical axes).
70987 error-free translesion synthesis P The conversion of DNA-damage induced single-stranded gaps into large molecular weight DNA after replication by using a specialized DNA polymerase or replication complex to insert a defined nucleotide across the lesion. This process does not remove the replication-blocking lesions but does not causes an increase in the endogenous mutation level. For S. cerevisiae, RAD30 encodes DNA polymerase eta, which incorporates two adenines. When incorporated across a thymine-thymine dimer, it does not increase the endogenous mutation level.
70988 demethylation P The process of removing one or more methyl groups from a molecule.
70989 oxidative demethylation P The process of removing one or more methyl groups from a molecule, involving the oxidation (i.e. electron loss) of one or more atoms in the substrate.
70990 snRNP binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any part of a small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle.
70991 medium-chain-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + acceptor = 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + reduced acceptor, where the acyl group is a medium-chain fatty acid residue. A medium chain fatty acid is any fatty acid with a chain length of between C6 and C12.
70992 translation initiation complex C A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains a ribosome, mRNA, and initiator tRNA; the functional ribosome is at the AUG, with the methionyl/formyl-methionyl-tRNA positioned at the P site.
70993 translation preinitiation complex C A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains the small ribosomal subunit, a translation initiation ternary complex (i.e. an initiator tRNA, GTP, and an IF2 or eIF2 complex), and an mRNA.
70994 detection of oxidative stress P The series of events in which a stimulus indicating oxidative stress is received and converted into a molecular signal.
70995 NADPH oxidation P A metabolic process that results in the oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADPH, to the oxidized form, NADP.
70996 type 1 melanocortin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 1 melanocortin receptor.
70997 neuron death P The process of cell death in a neuron.
70998 sensory perception of gravity P The series of events required for an organism to receive a gravitational stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.
70999 detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of gravity P The series of events involved in the perception of gravity in which a sensory mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
71000 response to magnetism P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a magnetic stimulus.
71001 U4/U6 snRNP C A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains base-paired U4 and U6 small nuclear RNAs.
71002 U4atac/U6atac snRNP C A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains base-paired U4atac and U6atac small nuclear RNAs.
71003 penta-snRNP complex C A ribonucleoprotein complex formed by the association of the U1, U2, U4/U6 and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins.
71004 U2-type prespliceosome C A spliceosomal complex that is formed by association of the 5' splice site with the U1 snRNP, while the branch point sequence is recognized by the U2 snRNP. The prespliceosome includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U1 and U2 snRNPs. Commitment to a given pair of 5' and 3' splice sites occurs at the time of prespliceosome formation.
71005 U2-type precatalytic spliceosome C A spliceosomal complex that is formed by the recruitment of the preassembled U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP to the prespliceosome. Although all 5 snRNPs are present, the precatalytic spliceosome is catalytically inactive. The precatalytic spliceosome includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U1, U2 and U4/U6.U5 snRNPs.
71006 U2-type catalytic step 1 spliceosome C A spliceosomal complex that is formed by the displacement of the U1 and U4 snRNPs from the precatalytic spliceosome; the U2, U5 and U6 snRNPs remain associated with the mRNA. This complex, sometimes called the activated spliceosome, is the catalytically active form of the spliceosome, and includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U2, and U5 and U6 snRNPs.
71007 U2-type catalytic step 2 spliceosome C A spliceosomal complex that contains the U2, U5 and U6 snRNPs bound to a splicing intermediate in which the first catalytic cleavage of the 5' splice site has occurred. The precise subunit composition differs significantly from that of the catalytic step 1, or activated, spliceosome, and includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U2, U5 and U6 snRNPs.
71008 U2-type post-mRNA release spliceosomal complex C A spliceosomal complex that is formed following the release of the spliced product from the post-spliceosomal complex and contains the excised intron and the U2, U5 and U6 snRNPs.
71009 U4atac/U6atac x U5 tri-snRNP complex C A ribonucleoprotein complex formed by the association of the U4atac/U6atac and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins.
71010 prespliceosome C A spliceosomal complex that is formed by association of the 5' splice site and the branch point sequence with specific snRNPs. The prespliceosome includes many proteins in addition to those found in the bound snRNPs. Commitment to a given pair of 5' and 3' splice sites occurs at the time of prespliceosome formation. Prespliceosome complexes are not active for splicing, but are instead an early step in the assembly of a spliceosomal complex.
71011 precatalytic spliceosome C A spliceosomal complex that is formed by the recruitment of a preassembled U5-containing tri-snRNP to the prespliceosome. Although all 5 snRNPs are present, the precatalytic spliceosome is catalytically inactive. The precatalytic spliceosome includes many proteins in addition to those found in the associated snRNPs.
71012 catalytic step 1 spliceosome C A spliceosomal complex that is formed by the displacement of the two snRNPs from the precatalytic spliceosome; three snRNPs including U5 remain associated with the mRNA. This complex, sometimes called the activated spliceosome, is the catalytically active form of the spliceosome, and includes many proteins in addition to those found in the associated snRNPs.
71013 catalytic step 2 spliceosome C A spliceosomal complex that contains three snRNPs, including U5, bound to a splicing intermediate in which the first catalytic cleavage of the 5' splice site has occurred. The precise subunit composition differs significantly from that of the catalytic step 1, or activated, spliceosome, and includes many proteins in addition to those found in the associated snRNPs.
71014 post-mRNA release spliceosomal complex C A spliceosomal complex that is formed following the release of the spliced product from the post-spliceosomal complex and contains the excised intron and three snRNPs, including U5.
71015 U12-type prespliceosome C A spliceosomal complex that is formed by the cooperative binding of the heterodimeric U11/U12 snRNP to the 5' splice site and the branch point sequence. The U12-type prespliceosome includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U11/U12 heterodimeric snRNPs. Commitment to a given pair of 5' and 3' splice sites occurs at the time of prespliceosome formation.
71016 U12-type precatalytic spliceosome C A spliceosomal complex that is formed by the recruitment of the preassembled U4atac/U6atac.U5 tri-snRNP to the U12-type prespliceosome. Although all 5 snRNPs are present, the precatalytic spliceosome is catalytically inactive. The precatalytic spliceosome includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U11, U12 and U4atac/U6atac.U5 snRNPs.
71017 U12-type catalytic step 1 spliceosome C A spliceosomal complex that is formed by the displacement of the U11 and U4atac snRNPs from the precatalytic spliceosome; the U12, U5 and U6atac snRNPs remain associated with the mRNA. This complex, sometimes called the activated spliceosome, is the catalytically active form of the spliceosome, and includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U12, and U5 and U6atac snRNPs.
71018 U12-type catalytic step 2 spliceosome C A spliceosomal complex that contains the U12, U5 and U6atac snRNPs bound to a splicing intermediate in which the first catalytic cleavage of the 5' splice site has occurred. The precise subunit composition differs significantly from that of the catalytic step 1, or activated, spliceosome, and includes many proteins in addition to those found in the U12, U5 and U6atac snRNPs.
71019 U12-type post-mRNA release spliceosomal complex C A spliceosomal complex that is formed following the release of the spliced product from the post-spliceosomal complex and contains the excised intron and the U12, U5 and U6atac snRNPs.
71020 post-spliceosomal complex C A spliceosomal complex that is formed following the second splicing event and contains the spliced product, the excised intron, and three snRNPs, including U5.
71021 U2-type post-spliceosomal complex C A spliceosomal complex that is formed following the second splicing event and contains the spliced product, the excised intron, and three snRNPs, U5, U2 and U6.
71022 U12-type post-spliceosomal complex C A spliceosomal complex that is formed following the second splicing event and contains the spliced product, the excised intron, and three snRNPs, U5, U12 and U6atac.
71023 trans spliceosomal complex C A spliceosomal complex that forms during the addition of a specific spliced leader (SL) sequence to the 5'-end of a messenger RNA primary transcript, a process which occurs in a number of eukaryotic organisms, including trypanosomatid protozoans, euglenoids, nematodes, trematodes, and chordates.
71024 SL snRNP C A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains spliced leader (SL) RNA.
71025 RNA surveillance P The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading defective or aberrant RNAs.
71026 cytoplasmic RNA surveillance P The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading defective or aberrant RNAs within the cytoplasm.
71027 nuclear RNA surveillance P The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading defective or aberrant RNAs within the nucleus.
71028 nuclear mRNA surveillance P The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading defective or aberrant mRNAs within the nucleus.
71029 nuclear ncRNA surveillance P The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading defective or aberrant ncRNAs within the nucleus.
71030 nuclear mRNA surveillance of spliceosomal pre-mRNA splicing P The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading incorrectly spliced pre-mRNAs within the nucleus.
71031 nuclear mRNA surveillance of mRNA 3'-end processing P The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading mRNAs with incorrectly formed 3'-ends within the nucleus.
71032 nuclear mRNA surveillance of mRNP export P The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading incorrectly formed or aberrant nuclear mRNPs docked at the nuclear pore complex prior to export to the cytoplasm.
71033 nuclear retention of pre-mRNA at the site of transcription P The process involved in retention of aberrant or improperly formed mRNAs, e.g. those that are incorrectly or incompletely spliced or that have incorrectly formed 3'-ends, within the nucleus at the site of transcription.
71034 CUT catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs).
71035 nuclear polyadenylation-dependent rRNA catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways occurring in the nucleus and resulting in the breakdown of a ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule, including RNA fragments released as part of processing the primary transcript into multiple mature rRNA species, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target rRNA.
71036 nuclear polyadenylation-dependent snoRNA catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways occurring in the nucleus and resulting in the breakdown of a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target snoRNA.
71037 nuclear polyadenylation-dependent snRNA catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways occurring in the nucleus and resulting in the breakdown of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target snRNA.
71038 nuclear polyadenylation-dependent tRNA catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways occurring in the nucleus and resulting in the breakdown of an aberrant or incorrectly modified transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target tRNA.
71039 nuclear polyadenylation-dependent CUT catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways occurring in the nucleus and resulting in the breakdown of a cryptic unstable transcript (CUT), initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target CUT.
71040 nuclear polyadenylation-dependent antisense transcript catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways occurring in the nucleus and resulting in the breakdown of an antisense transcript, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target antisense transcript.
71041 antisense RNA transcript catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of antisense transcripts, i.e. transcripts that were produced from the antisense strand of a gene that produces a gene product and which often have a regulatory effect on the transcription of that gene product.
71042 nuclear polyadenylation-dependent mRNA catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways occurring in the nucleus and resulting in the breakdown of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target mRNA.
71043 CUT metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs), which are transcribed from intergenic regions. Many intergenic regions are heavily transcribed, but the transcripts are rarely detected due to rapid degradation by the nuclear exosome.
71044 histone mRNA catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histone messenger RNA (mRNA).
71045 nuclear histone mRNA catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histone messenger RNA (mRNA) within the nucleus.
71046 nuclear polyadenylation-dependent ncRNA catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways occurring in the nucleus and resulting in the breakdown of a noncoding RNA (ncRNA) molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target ncRNA.
71047 polyadenylation-dependent mRNA catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target mRNA.
71048 nuclear retention of unspliced pre-mRNA at the site of transcription P The process involved in retention of incorrectly or incompletely spliced pre-mRNA within the nucleus at the site of transcription.
71049 nuclear retention of pre-mRNA with aberrant 3'-ends at the site of transcription P The process involved in retention of mRNAs that have incorrectly formed 3'-ends within the nucleus at the site of transcription.
71050 snoRNA polyadenylation P The enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues at the 3' end of snoRNA molecule. In eukaryotes, this occurs in conjunction with termination of transcription of precursor snoRNA molecules and may occur post-transcriptionally on incorrectly processed molecules targeted for degradation.
71051 polyadenylation-dependent snoRNA 3'-end processing P Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a snoRNA molecule linked to prior polyadenylation of the 3'-end of the precursor snoRNA.
71052 alpha9-beta1 integrin-ADAM1 complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to the transmembrane metallopeptidase ADAM1.
71053 alpha9-beta1 integrin-ADAM2 complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to the transmembrane metallopeptidase ADAM2.
71054 alpha9-beta1 integrin-ADAM3 complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to the transmembrane metallopeptidase ADAM3.
71055 alpha9-beta1 integrin-ADAM9 complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to the transmembrane metallopeptidase ADAM9.
71056 alpha9-beta1 integrin-ADAM15 complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to the transmembrane metallopeptidase ADAM15.
71057 alphav-beta3 integrin-ADAM15 complex C A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to the transmembrane metallopeptidase ADAM15.
71058 alpha3-beta1 integrin-CD151 complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha3-beta1 integrin complex bound to the tetraspanin CD151.
71059 alpha6-beta1 integrin-CD151 complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha6-beta1 integrin complex bound to the tetraspanin CD151.
71060 alpha7-beta1 integrin-CD151 complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha7-beta1 integrin complex bound to the tetraspanin CD151.
71061 alpha6-beta4 integrin-CD151 complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha6-beta4 integrin complex bound to the tetraspanin CD151.
71062 alphav-beta3 integrin-vitronectin complex C A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to vitronectin.
71063 sensory perception of wind P The series of events required for an organism to receive sensory mechanical stimulus resulting from air flow, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal.
71064 alphaE-beta7 integrin-E-cadherin complex C A protein complex that consists of an alphaE-beta7 integrin complex bound to E-cadherin.
71065 alpha9-beta1 integrin-vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to vascular cell adhesion molecule-1.
71066 detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of wind P The series of events involved in the perception of wind in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
71067 alphav-beta3 integrin-ADAM23 complex C A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to the transmembrane metallopeptidase ADAM23.
71068 alpha9-beta1 integrin-ADAM12 complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to the transmembrane metallopeptidase ADAM12.
71069 alpha4-beta1 integrin-thrombospondin-1 complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to thrombospondin-1.
71070 alpha4-beta1 integrin-thrombospondin-2 complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to thrombospondin-2.
71071 regulation of phospholipid biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phospholipids.
71072 negative regulation of phospholipid biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phospholipids.
71073 positive regulation of phospholipid biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phospholipids.
71074 eukaryotic initiation factor eIF2 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with eukaryotic initiation factor eIF2, a protein complex involved in the initiation of ribosome-mediated translation.
71075 CUGBP1-eIF2 complex C A protein complex that contains the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 complex (EIF2), CUG binding protein 1, and several endoplasmic reticulum proteins; the complex is involved in the regulation of translation.
71076 RNA 3' uridylation P The enzymatic addition of a sequence of uridylyl residues at the 3' end of an RNA molecule.
71077 adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate from one side of a membrane to the other.
71078 fibronectin-tissue transglutaminase complex C A protein complex that consists of fibronectin bound to tissue transglutaminase, and is involved in cell adhesion.
71079 alpha2-beta1 integrin-chondroadherin complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha2-beta1 integrin complex bound to the cartilage matrix protein chondroadherin.
71080 alpha3-beta1 integrin-basigin complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha3-beta1 integrin complex bound to the cell surface protein basigin.
71081 alpha3-beta1 integrin-CD63 complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha3-beta1 integrin complex bound to the tetraspanin CD63.
71082 alpha9-beta1 integrin-tenascin complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to the extracellular matrix protein tenascin.
71083 alphaV-beta3 integrin-CD47-FCER2 complex C A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to the cell surface protein CD47 and the low-affinity immunoglobulin epsilon Fc receptor (FCER2).
71084 alpha2-beta1 integrin-CD47 complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha2-beta1 integrin complex bound to the cell surface protein CD47.
71085 alphaIIb-beta3 integrin-CD9 complex C A protein complex that consists of an alphaIIb-beta3 integrin complex bound to the cell surface protein CD9.
71086 alphaIIb-beta3 integrin-CD9-CD47-platelet glycoprotein Ib complex C A protein complex that consists of an alphaIIb-beta3 integrin complex bound to the cell surface proteins CD9 and CD47, and the heterodimeric platelet glycoprotein Ib.
71087 alpha11-beta1 integrin-collagen type I complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha11-beta1 integrin complex bound to a type I collagen.
71088 alpha5-beta1 integrin-tissue transglutaminase complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha5-beta1 integrin complex bound to tissue transglutaminase.
71089 alphaV-beta3 integrin-tissue transglutaminase complex C A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to tissue transglutaminase.
71090 alphaIIb-beta3 integrin-fibronectin-tissue transglutaminase complex C A protein complex that consists of an alphaIIb-beta3 integrin complex bound to fibronectin and tissue transglutaminase.
71091 alpha1-beta1 integrin-tissue transglutaminase complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha1-beta1 integrin complex bound to tissue transglutaminase.
71092 alpha3-beta1 integrin-tissue transglutaminase complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha3-beta1 integrin complex bound to tissue transglutaminase.
71093 alpha5-beta1 integrin-fibronectin-tissue transglutaminase complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha5-beta1 integrin complex bound to fibronectin and tissue transglutaminase.
71094 alpha6-beta4 integrin-CD9 complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha6-beta4 integrin complex bound to the cell surface protein CD9.
71095 alpha3-beta1 integrin-thrombospondin complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha3-beta1 integrin complex bound to thrombospondin.
71096 alphaV-beta3 integrin-gelsolin complex C A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to gelsolin.
71097 alphaV-beta3 integrin-paxillin-Pyk2 complex C A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to paxillin and the FAK-related kinase Pyk2.
71098 alpha6-beta4 integrin-Fyn complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha6-beta4 integrin complex bound to the Src family tyrosine kinase Fyn.
71099 alphaV-beta6 integrin-TGFbeta-3 complex C A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta6 integrin complex bound to transforming growth factor beta-3 (TGFbeta-3).
71100 alphaV-beta8 integrin-MMP14-TGFbeta-1 complex C A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta8 integrin complex bound to matrix metalloproteinase 14 and transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFbeta-1).
71101 alpha4-beta1 integrin-JAM2 complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to the cell adhesion molecule JAM2.
71102 alpha4-beta1 integrin-paxillin complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to paxillin.
71103 DNA conformation change P A cellular process that results in a change in the spatial configuration of a DNA molecule. A conformation change can bend DNA, or alter the, twist, writhe, or linking number of a DNA molecule.
71104 response to interleukin-9 P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-9 stimulus.
71105 response to interleukin-11 P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-11 stimulus.
71106 adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate transmembrane transport P The directed movement of adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate across a membrane into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
71107 response to parathyroid hormone P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a parathyroid hormone stimulus.
71108 protein K48-linked deubiquitination P A protein deubiquitination process in which a K48-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 48 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein.
71109 superior temporal gyrus development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the superior temporal gyrus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The superior temporal gyrus is a portion of the cerebral cortex that extends from the lateral sulcus to the superior temporal sulcus.
71110 histone biotinylation P The modification of a histone by the addition of a biotinyl group.
71111 cyclic-guanylate-specific phosphodiesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate + H(2)O = 5'-phosphoguanylyl(3'->5')guanosine + H(+).
71112 alpha4-beta4 integrin-EMILIN-1 complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta4 integrin complex bound to EMILIN-1 (ElastinMicrofibril Interface Located ProteIN).
71113 alphaIIb-beta3 integrin-ICAM-4 complex C A protein complex that consists of an alphaIIb-beta3 integrin complex bound to the cell adhesion molecule ICAM-4.
71114 alphaV-beta3 integrin-tumstatin complex C A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to tumstatin, the NC1 domain of the alpha3 chain of type IV collagen.
71115 alpha5-beta1 integrin-endostatin complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha5-beta1 integrin complex bound to endostatin, the NC1 domain of the alpha1 chain of type XVIII collagen.
71116 alpha6-beta1 integrin-CYR61 complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha6-beta1 integrin complex bound to CYR61, a cysteine-rich protein involved in angiogenesis.
71117 alpha5-beta1 integrin-fibronectin-NOV complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha5-beta1 integrin complex bound to fibronectin and the extracellular matrix protein NOV.
71118 alphaV-beta3 integrin-NOV complex C A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to the extracellular matrix protein NOV.
71119 alpha7-beta1 integrin-nicotinamide riboside kinase complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha7-beta1 integrin complex bound to nicotinamide riboside kinase 2 (also known as muscle integrin binding protein, MIBP).
71120 alpha4-beta1 integrin-CD47 complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to the cell surface antigen CD47.
71121 alpha9-beta1 integrin-VEGF-D complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to vascular endothelial growth factor D.
71122 alpha9-beta1 integrin-VEGF-A complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to vascular endothelial growth factor A.
71123 alpha9-beta1 integrin-VEGF-C complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to vascular endothelial growth factor C.
71124 alpha1-beta1 integrin-tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2 complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha1-beta1 integrin complex bound to tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2.
71125 alphaV-beta3 integrin-EGFR complex C A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to epidermal growth factor receptor.
71126 alphaV-beta6 integrin-osteopontin complex C A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta6 integrin complex bound to osteopontin.
71127 alpha9-beta1 integrin-osteopontin complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to osteopontin.
71128 alpha5-beta1 integrin-osteopontin complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha5-beta1 integrin complex bound to osteopontin.
71129 alphaV-beta3 integrin-LPP3 complex C A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to lipid phosphate phosphohydrolase-3.
71130 alpha5-beta1 integrin-LPP3 complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha5-beta1 integrin complex bound to lipid phosphate phosphohydrolase-3.
71131 alphaV-beta3 integrin-laminin alpha-4 complex C A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to laminin alpha-4.
71132 alphaX-beta2 integrin-ICAM-4 complex C A protein complex that consists of an alphaX-beta2 integrin complex bound to intercellular adhesion molecule 4.
71133 alpha9-beta1 integrin-ADAM8 complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to the transmembrane metallopeptidase ADAM8.
71134 alpha9-beta1 integrin-thrombospondin-1 complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to thrombospondin-1.
71135 alpha7-beta1 integrin-focal adhesion kinase complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha7-beta1 integrin complex bound to focal adhesion kinase.
71136 alpha7-beta1 integrin-laminin alpha-2 complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha7-beta1 integrin complex bound to laminin alpha-2.
71137 alphaV-beta3 integrin-CD98 complex C A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to the cell surface antigen CD98.
71138 alpha5-beta5-fibronectin-SFRP2 complex C A protein complex that consists of an alpha5-beta5 integrin complex bound to fibronectin and secreted frizzled-related protein 2.
71139 resolution of recombination intermediates P The cleavage and rejoining of intermediates, such as Holliday junctions, formed during DNA recombination to produce two intact molecules in which genetic material has been exchanged.
71140 resolution of mitotic recombination intermediates P The cleavage and rejoining of intermediates, mitotic recombination to produce two intact molecules in which genetic material has been exchanged.
71141 SMAD protein complex C A protein complex that consists of SMAD proteins; may be homomeric or heteromeric.
71142 SMAD2 protein complex C A protein complex that consists of a SMAD2 homotrimer.
71143 SMAD3 protein complex C A protein complex that consists of a SMAD3 homotrimer.
71144 SMAD2-SMAD3 protein complex C A heteromeric SMAD protein complex that contains SMAD2 and SMAD3.
71145 SMAD2-SMAD4 protein complex C A heteromeric SMAD protein complex that contains SMAD2 and SMAD4.
71146 SMAD3-SMAD4 protein complex C A heteromeric SMAD protein complex that contains SMAD3 and SMAD4.
71147 TEAD-2 multiprotein complex C A protein complex that consists of the DNA binding protein TEAD-2 bound to 12 other polypeptides including the transcriptional coactivator YAP, the multi-PDZ domain protein MPDZ (also called MUPP1), a 14-3-3 domain protein, and others.
71148 TEAD-1-YAP complex C A transcription factor complex that is composed of the DNA binding protein TEAD-1 and the transcriptional coactivator YAP.
71149 TEAD-2-YAP complex C A transcription factor complex that is composed of the DNA binding protein TEAD-2 and the transcriptional coactivator YAP.
71150 TEAD-3-YAP complex C A transcription factor complex that is composed of the DNA binding protein TEAD-3 and the transcriptional coactivator YAP.
71151 TEAD-4-YAP complex C A transcription factor complex that is composed of the DNA binding protein TEAD-4 and the transcriptional coactivator YAP.
71152 G-protein alpha(q)-synembrin complex C A protein complex formed by the association of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor synembrin with the alpha(q) subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein.
71153 G-protein alpha(o)-synembrin complex C A protein complex formed by the association of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor synembrin with the alpha(o) subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein.
71154 G-protein alpha(i)1-synembrin complex C A protein complex formed by the association of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor synembrin with the alpha(i)1 subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein.
71155 G-protein alpha(13)-synembrin complex C A protein complex formed by the association of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor synembrin with the alpha(13) subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein.
71156 regulation of cell cycle arrest P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cell cycle arrest, the process in which the cell cycle is halted during one of the normal phases.
71157 negative regulation of cell cycle arrest P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of cell cycle arrest, the process in which the cell cycle is halted during one of the normal phases.
71158 positive regulation of cell cycle arrest P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of cell cycle arrest, the process in which the cell cycle is halted during one of the normal phases.
71159 NF-kappaB complex C A protein complex that consists of a homo- or heterodimer of members of a family of structurally related proteins that contain a conserved N-terminal region called the Rel homology domain (RHD). In the nucleus, NF-kappaB complexes act as transcription factors. In unstimulated cells, NF-kappaB dimers are sequestered in the cytoplasm by IkappaB monomers; signals that induce NF-kappaB activity cause degradation of IkappaB, allowing NF-kappaB dimers to translocate to the nucleus and induce gene expression.
71160 cyanophycin synthetase activity (L-aspartate-adding) F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [L-Asp(4-L-Arg)]n + L-Asp = ADP + phosphate + [L-Asp(4-L-Arg)]n-L-Asp.
71161 cyanophycin synthetase activity (L-arginine-adding) F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [L-Asp(4-L-Arg)]n-L-Asp + L-arginine = ADP + phosphate + [L-Asp(4-L-Arg)]n+1.
71162 CMG complex C A protein complex that contains the GINS complex, Cdc45p, and the heterohexameric MCM complex, and that is involved in unwinding DNA during replication.
71163 DNA replication preinitiation complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the DNA replication preinitiation complex, a protein-DNA complex that is assembled at eukaryotic DNA replication origins immediately prior to the initiation of DNA replication, by the assembly of additional proteins onto an existing prereplicative complex.
71164 RNA trimethylguanosine synthase activity F Catalysis of two successive methyl transfer reactions from AdoMet to the N-2 atom of guanosine, thereby converting 7-methylguanosine in an RNA cap to 2,2,7 trimethylguanosine.
71165 GINS complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a GINS complex, a heterotetrameric protein complex that associates with DNA replication origins and replication forks.
71166 ribonucleoprotein complex localization P Any process in which a ribonucleoprotein complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location within a cell.
71167 ribonucleoprotein complex import into nucleus P The directed movement of a ribonucleoprotein complex from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
71168 protein localization to chromatin P Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a part of a chromosome that is organized into chromatin.
71169 establishment of protein localization to chromatin P The directed movement of a protein to a part of a chromosome that is organized into chromatin.
71170 site-specific DNA replication termination P A DNA replication termination process that takes place at a specific termination site.
71171 site-specific DNA replication termination at RTS1 barrier P A DNA replication termination process that takes place at the RTS1 termination site in the mating type locus, in a specific direction required for subsequent imprinting and mating-type switching.
71172 dihydromonapterin reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydromonapterin + NADPH = tetrahydromonapterin + NADP+.
71173 spindle assembly checkpoint P A cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition until the spindle is correctly assembled and chromosomes are attached to the spindle.
71174 mitotic spindle checkpoint P A mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that originates from the spindle and delays the metaphase/anaphase transition of a mitotic nuclear division until the spindle is correctly assembled and oriented, the completion of anaphase until chromosomes are attached to the spindle, or mitotic exit and cytokinesis when the spindle does not form.
71175 MAML2-RBP-Jkappa-ICN1 complex C A protein complex that consists of the intracellular domain of Notch1 (ICN1), the DNA-binding transcription factor RBP-Jkappa, and the transcriptional coactivator Mastermind-like-2 (MAML2); the complex is involved in transcriptional activation in response to Notch-mediated signaling.
71176 MAML2-RBP-Jkappa-ICN2 complex C A protein complex that consists of the intracellular domain of Notch2 (ICN2), the DNA-binding transcription factor RBP-Jkappa, and the transcriptional coactivator Mastermind-like-2 (MAML2); the complex is involved in transcriptional activation in response to Notch-mediated signaling.
71177 MAML2-RBP-Jkappa-ICN3 complex C A protein complex that consists of the intracellular domain of Notch3 (ICN3), the DNA-binding transcription factor RBP-Jkappa, and the transcriptional coactivator Mastermind-like-2 (MAML2); the complex is involved in transcriptional activation in response to Notch-mediated signaling.
71178 MAML2-RBP-Jkappa-ICN4 complex C A protein complex that consists of the intracellular domain of Notch4 (ICN4), the DNA-binding transcription factor RBP-Jkappa, and the transcriptional coactivator Mastermind-like-2 (MAML2); the complex is involved in transcriptional activation in response to Notch-mediated signaling.
71179 MAML3-RBP-Jkappa-ICN1 complex C A protein complex that consists of the intracellular domain of Notch1 (ICN1), the DNA-binding transcription factor RBP-Jkappa, and the transcriptional coactivator Mastermind-like-3 (MAML3); the complex is involved in transcriptional activation in response to Notch-mediated signaling.
71180 MAML3-RBP-Jkappa-ICN2 complex C A protein complex that consists of the intracellular domain of Notch2 (ICN2), the DNA-binding transcription factor RBP-Jkappa, and the transcriptional coactivator Mastermind-like-3 (MAML3); the complex is involved in transcriptional activation in response to Notch-mediated signaling.
71181 MAML3-RBP-Jkappa-ICN3 complex C A protein complex that consists of the intracellular domain of Notch3 (ICN3), the DNA-binding transcription factor RBP-Jkappa, and the transcriptional coactivator Mastermind-like-3 (MAML3); the complex is involved in transcriptional activation in response to Notch-mediated signaling.
71182 MAML3-RBP-Jkappa-ICN4 complex C A protein complex that consists of the intracellular domain of Notch4 (ICN4), the DNA-binding transcription factor RBP-Jkappa, and the transcriptional coactivator Mastermind-like-3 (MAML3); the complex is involved in transcriptional activation in response to Notch-mediated signaling.
71183 protocadherin-alpha-protocadherin-gamma complex C A protein complex that contains two cell adhesion molecules, a protocadherin-alpha and a protocadherin-gamma, and is involved in the regulation of protein localization to the plasma membrane.
71184 protocadherin-alpha-v4-protocadherin-gamma-a1 complex C A protein complex that contains the cell adhesion molecules protocadherin-alpha-v4 and protocadherin-gamma-a1, and is involved in the regulation of protein localization to the plasma membrane.
71185 protocadherin-alpha-v4-protocadherin-gamma-a3 complex C A protein complex that contains the cell adhesion molecules protocadherin-alpha-v4 and protocadherin-gamma-a3, and is involved in the regulation of protein localization to the plasma membrane.
71186 protocadherin-alpha-v4-protocadherin-gamma-b2 complex C A protein complex that contains the cell adhesion molecules protocadherin-alpha-v4 and protocadherin-gamma-b2, and is involved in the regulation of protein localization to the plasma membrane.
71187 protocadherin-alpha-v4-protocadherin-gamma-b4 complex C A protein complex that contains the cell adhesion molecules protocadherin-alpha-v4 and protocadherin-gamma-b4, and is involved in the regulation of protein localization to the plasma membrane.
71188 protocadherin-alpha-v7-protocadherin-gamma-a1 complex C A protein complex that contains the cell adhesion molecules protocadherin-alpha-v7 and protocadherin-gamma-a1, and is involved in the regulation of protein localization to the plasma membrane.
71189 protocadherin-alpha-v7-protocadherin-gamma-a3 complex C A protein complex that contains the cell adhesion molecules protocadherin-alpha-v7 and protocadherin-gamma-a3, and is involved in the regulation of protein localization to the plasma membrane.
71190 protocadherin-alpha-v7-protocadherin-gamma-b2 complex C A protein complex that contains the cell adhesion molecules protocadherin-alpha-v7 and protocadherin-gamma-b2, and is involved in the regulation of protein localization to the plasma membrane.
71191 protocadherin-alpha-v7-protocadherin-gamma-b4 complex C A protein complex that contains the cell adhesion molecules protocadherin-alpha-v7 and protocadherin-gamma-b4, and is involved in the regulation of protein localization to the plasma membrane.
71192 Kv4.2-KChIP1 channel complex C A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the Kv channel interacting protein KChIP1 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.2.
71193 Kv4.2-KChIP2 channel complex C A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the Kv channel interacting protein KChIP2 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.2.
71194 Kv4.2-KChIP3 channel complex C A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the Kv channel interacting protein KChIP3 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.2.
71195 Kv4.2-KChIP4 channel complex C A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the Kv channel interacting protein KChIP4 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.2.
71196 Kv4.3-KChIP1 channel complex C A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the Kv channel interacting protein KChIP1 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.3.
71197 Kv4.2-Kv4.3 channel complex C A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the Kv alpha subunits 4.2 and 4.3.
71198 Kv4.1-DPP6 channel complex C A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the peptidase-related protein DPP6 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.1.
71199 Kv4.1-DPP10 channel complex C A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the peptidase-related protein DPP10 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.1.
71200 Kv4.2-DPP6 channel complex C A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the peptidase-related protein DPP6 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.2.
71201 Kv4.3-DPP6 channel complex C A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the peptidase-related protein DPP6 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.3.
71202 Kv4.3-DPP10 channel complex C A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the peptidase-related protein DPP10 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.3.
71203 WASH complex C A protein complex that localizes at the surface of endosomes, where it recruits and activates the Arp2/3 complex to induce actin polymerization. In human, the WASH complex is composed of F-actin-capping protein subunits alpha and beta, WASH1, FAM21, KIAA1033, KIAA0196 and CCDC53.
71204 histone pre-mRNA 3'end processing complex C A ribonucleoprotein that binds to specific sites in, and is required for cleavage of, the 3'-end of histone pre-mRNAs. The complex contains the U7 snRNP and additional proteins, including the stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) and the exonuclease 3'hExo/Eri-1.
71205 protein localization to juxtaparanode region of axon P Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the juxtaparanode region of an axon.
71206 establishment of protein localization to juxtaparanode region of axon P The directed movement of a protein to the juxtaparanode region of an axon.
71207 histone pre-mRNA stem-loop binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a conserved stem-loop structure found in histone pre-mRNAs.
71208 histone pre-mRNA DCP binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the downstream cleavage product (DCP) generated by histone pre-mRNA 3'-end processing.
71209 U7 snRNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the U7 small nuclear RNA (U7 snRNA).
71210 protein insertion into membrane raft P The process in which a protein is incorporated into a membrane raft. Membrane rafts are small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes.
71211 protein targeting to vacuole involved in autophagy P The process of directing proteins towards the vacuole using signals contained within the protein, occurring as part of autophagy, the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm.
71212 subsynaptic reticulum C An elaborate tubulolamellar membrane system that underlies the postsynaptic cell membrane.
71213 cellular response to 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid stimulus.
71214 cellular response to abiotic stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abiotic (non-living) stimulus.
71215 cellular response to abscisic acid stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abscisic acid stimulus.
71216 cellular response to biotic stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotic stimulus, a stimulus caused or produced by a living organism.
71217 cellular response to external biotic stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external biotic stimulus, an external stimulus caused by, or produced by living things.
71218 cellular response to misfolded protein P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a misfolded protein stimulus.
71219 cellular response to molecule of bacterial origin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of bacterial origin such as peptides derived from bacterial flagellin.
71220 cellular response to bacterial lipoprotein P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bacterial lipoprotein stimulus.
71221 cellular response to bacterial lipopeptide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bacterial lipopeptide stimulus.
71222 cellular response to lipopolysaccharide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.
71223 cellular response to lipoteichoic acid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipoteichoic acid stimulus; lipoteichoic acid is a major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a chain of glycerol-phosphate repeating units linked to a glycolipid anchor.
71224 cellular response to peptidoglycan P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptidoglycan stimulus. Peptidoglycan is a bacterial cell wall macromolecule.
71225 cellular response to muramyl dipeptide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muramyl dipeptide stimulus. Muramyl dipeptide is derived from peptidoglycan.
71226 cellular response to molecule of fungal origin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of fungal origin such as chito-octamer oligosaccharide.
71227 cellular response to molecule of oomycetes origin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of oomycetes origin.
71228 cellular response to tumor cell P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a tumor cell.
71229 cellular response to acid chemical P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by the chemical structure of the anion portion of the dissociated acid (rather than the acid acting as a proton donor). The acid chemical may be in gaseous, liquid or solid form.
71230 cellular response to amino acid stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amino acid stimulus. An amino acid is a carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups.
71231 cellular response to folic acid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a folic acid stimulus.
71232 cellular response to histidine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a histidine stimulus.
71233 cellular response to leucine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leucine stimulus.
71234 cellular response to phenylalanine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a phenylalanine stimulus.
71235 cellular response to proline P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a proline stimulus.
71236 cellular response to antibiotic P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antibiotic stimulus. An antibiotic is a chemical substance produced by a microorganism which has the capacity to inhibit the growth of or to kill other microorganisms.
71237 cellular response to bacteriocin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bacteriocin stimulus. A bacteriocin is a protein substance released by certain bacteria that kills but does not lyse closely related strains of bacteria. Specific bacteriocins attach to specific receptors on cell walls and induce specific metabolic block, e.g. cessation of nucleic acid or protein synthesis of oxidative phosphorylation.
71238 cellular response to brefeldin A P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a brefeldin A stimulus.
71239 cellular response to streptomycin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a streptomycin stimulus. Streptomycin is a commonly used antibiotic in cell culture media which acts only on prokaryotes and blocks transition from initiation complex to chain elongating ribosome.
71240 cellular response to food P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a food stimulus; food is anything which, when taken into the body, serves to nourish or build up the tissues or to supply body heat.
71241 cellular response to inorganic substance P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an inorganic substance stimulus.
71242 cellular response to ammonium ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ammonium ion stimulus.
71243 cellular response to arsenic-containing substance P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an arsenic stimulus from compounds containing arsenic, including arsenates, arsenites, and arsenides.
71244 cellular response to carbon dioxide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbon dioxide (CO2) stimulus.
71245 cellular response to carbon monoxide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbon monoxide (CO) stimulus.
71246 cellular response to chlorate P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chlorate stimulus.
71247 cellular response to chromate P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chromate stimulus.
71248 cellular response to metal ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a metal ion stimulus.
71249 cellular response to nitrate P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrate stimulus.
71250 cellular response to nitrite P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrite stimulus.
71251 cellular response to silicon dioxide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a silicon dioxide stimulus.
71252 cellular response to sulfur dioxide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sulfur dioxide (SO2) stimulus.
71253 connexin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a connexin, any of a group of related proteins that assemble to form gap junctions.
71254 cytoplasmic U snRNP body C A ribonucleoprotein complex that can be visualized as a focus in the cytoplasm, and contains uridine-rich small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (U snRNPs) and essential snRNP assembly factors. These U bodies are invariably found in association with P bodies.
71255 CVT vesicle assembly P A vesicle organization process that takes place as part of the CVT pathway, and results in the formation of a double membrane-bounded cytosolic structure that sequesters precursor aminopeptidase I (prAPI).
71256 translocon complex C A protein complex that constitutes a specific site of protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum, which involves the signal recognition particle receptor. The complex contains a core heterotrimer of alpha, beta and gamma subunits, and may contain additional proteins.
71257 cellular response to electrical stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electrical stimulus.
71258 cellular response to gravity P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gravitational stimulus.
71259 cellular response to magnetism P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a magnetic stimulus.
71260 cellular response to mechanical stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus.
71261 Ssh1 translocon complex C A translocon complex that contains a core heterotrimer of alpha, beta and gamma subunits, and may contain additional proteins (translocon-associated proteins or TRAPs); in budding yeast the core proteins are Ssh1p, Sbh2p, and Sss1p. The Ssh1 translocon complex is involved in the cotranslational pathway of protein transport across the ER membrane, and recognizes proteins bearing strongly hydrophobic signal sequences.
71262 regulation of translational initiation in response to starvation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation, as a result of deprivation of nourishment.
71263 negative regulation of translational initiation in response to starvation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of translation initiation, as a result of deprivation of nourishment.
71264 positive regulation of translational initiation in response to starvation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation, as a result of deprivation of nourishment.
71265 L-methionine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine, the L-enantiomer of (2S)-2-amino-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoic acid.
71266 'de novo' L-methionine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine, the L-enantiomer of (2S)-2-amino-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoic acid, from simpler components.
71267 L-methionine salvage P Any process that generates L-methionine from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
71268 homocysteine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of homocysteine, 2-amino-4-sulfanylbutanoic acid.
71269 L-homocysteine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-homocysteine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-4-sulfanylbutanoic acid.
71270 1-butanol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1-butanol, an alkyl primary alcohol with the formula C4H10O.
71271 1-butanol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1-butanol, an alkyl primary alcohol with the formula C4H10O.
71272 morphine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving morphine, 17-methyl-7,8-didehydro-4,5alpha-epoxymorphinan-3,6alpha-diol. Morphine is a highly potent opiate analgesic psychoactive drug obtained form the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum.
71273 morphine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of morphine, 17-methyl-7,8-didehydro-4,5alpha-epoxymorphinan-3,6alpha-diol. Morphine is a highly potent opiate analgesic psychoactive drug obtained form the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum.
71274 isoquinoline alkaloid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isoquinoline alkaloids, alkaloid compounds that contain bicyclic N-containing aromatic rings and are derived from a 3,4-dihydroxytyramine (dopamine) precursor that undergoes a Schiff base addition with aldehydes of different origin.
71275 cellular response to aluminum ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an aluminum ion stimulus.
71276 cellular response to cadmium ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cadmium (Cd) ion stimulus.
71277 cellular response to calcium ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a calcium ion stimulus.
71278 cellular response to cesium ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cesium stimulus.
71279 cellular response to cobalt ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cobalt ion stimulus.
71280 cellular response to copper ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a copper ion stimulus.
71281 cellular response to iron ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron ion stimulus.
71282 cellular response to iron(II) ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron(II) ion stimulus.
71283 cellular response to iron(III) ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron(III) ion stimulus.
71284 cellular response to lead ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lead ion stimulus.
71285 cellular response to lithium ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lithium (Li+) ion stimulus.
71286 cellular response to magnesium ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a magnesium ion stimulus.
71287 cellular response to manganese ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a manganese ion stimulus.
71288 cellular response to mercury ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mercury ion stimulus.
71289 cellular response to nickel ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nickel ion stimulus.
71290 cellular response to platinum ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a platinum stimulus.
71291 cellular response to selenium ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from selenium ion.
71292 cellular response to silver ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a silver ion stimulus.
71293 cellular response to tellurium ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tellurium ion stimulus.
71294 cellular response to zinc ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a zinc ion stimulus.
71295 cellular response to vitamin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin stimulus.
71296 cellular response to biotin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotin stimulus.
71297 cellular response to cobalamin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cobalamin (vitamin B12) stimulus.
71298 cellular response to L-ascorbic acid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) stimulus.
71299 cellular response to vitamin A P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin A stimulus.
71300 cellular response to retinoic acid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a retinoic acid stimulus.
71301 cellular response to vitamin B1 P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin B1 stimulus.
71302 cellular response to vitamin B2 P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin B2 stimulus.
71303 cellular response to vitamin B3 P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin B3 stimulus.
71304 cellular response to vitamin B6 P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin B6 stimulus. Vitamin B6 encompasses pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine and the active form, pyridoxal phosphate.
71305 cellular response to vitamin D P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin D stimulus.
71306 cellular response to vitamin E P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin E stimulus.
71307 cellular response to vitamin K P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin K stimulus.
71308 cellular response to menaquinone P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a menaquinone (vitamin K2) stimulus.
71309 cellular response to phylloquinone P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a phylloquinone (vitamin K1) stimulus.
71310 cellular response to organic substance P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic substance stimulus.
71311 cellular response to acetate P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acetate stimulus.
71312 cellular response to alkaloid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkaloid stimulus. Alkaloids are a large group of nitrogenous substances found in naturally in plants, many of which have extracts that are pharmacologically active.
71313 cellular response to caffeine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a caffeine stimulus. Caffeine is an alkaloid found in numerous plant species, where it acts as a natural pesticide that paralyzes and kills certain insects feeding upon them.
71314 cellular response to cocaine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cocaine stimulus. Cocaine is a crystalline alkaloid obtained from the leaves of the coca plant.
71315 cellular response to morphine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a morphine stimulus. Morphine is an opioid alkaloid, isolated from opium, with a complex ring structure.
71316 cellular response to nicotine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nicotine stimulus.
71317 cellular response to isoquinoline alkaloid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an isoquinoline alkaloid stimulus. An isoquinoline alkaloid is any member of a group of compounds with the heterocyclic ring structure of benzo(c)pyridine which is a structure characteristic of the group of opium alkaloids.
71318 cellular response to ATP P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ATP (adenosine 5'-triphosphate) stimulus.
71319 cellular response to benzoic acid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a benzoic acid stimulus.
71320 cellular response to cAMP P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus.
71321 cellular response to cGMP P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cGMP (cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus.
71322 cellular response to carbohydrate stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbohydrate stimulus.
71323 cellular response to chitin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chitin stimulus.
71324 cellular response to disaccharide stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disaccharide stimulus.
71325 cellular response to mannitol stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mannitol stimulus.
71326 cellular response to monosaccharide stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a monosaccharide stimulus.
71327 cellular response to trehalose stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trehalose stimulus.
71328 cellular response to maltose stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a maltose stimulus.
71329 cellular response to sucrose stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sucrose stimulus.
71330 cellular response to trehalose-6-phosphate stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trehalose-6-phosphate stimulus.
71331 cellular response to hexose stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hexose stimulus.
71332 cellular response to fructose stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fructose stimulus.
71333 cellular response to glucose stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucose stimulus.
71334 cellular response to rhamnose stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a rhamnose stimulus.
71335 hair follicle cell proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of hair follicle cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
71336 regulation of hair follicle cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hair follicle cell proliferation.
71337 negative regulation of hair follicle cell proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of hair follicle cell proliferation.
71338 positive regulation of hair follicle cell proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of hair follicle cell proliferation.
71339 MLL1 complex C A protein complex that can methylate lysine-4 of histone H3. MLL1/MLL is the catalytic methyltransferase subunit, and the complex also contains the core components ASH2L, HCFC1/HCF1 WDR5 and RBBP5.
71340 skeletal muscle acetylcholine-gated channel clustering P The accumulation of acetylcholine-gated cation channels in a narrow, central region of muscle fibers, in apposition to nerve terminals.
71341 medial cortical node C A component of the cell division site that contains the mid1, cdr2, wee1, klp8, and blt1 proteins, and is involved in contractile ring localization. Medial cortical node complexes appear as cortical dots in the middle of the cell during interphase, and function to recruit other ring components in early mitosis.
71342 regulation of establishment of actomyosin contractile ring localization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which a contractile ring is assembled in a specific location that contributes to cytokinesis during cell cycle.
71344 diphosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving diphosphate, the anion or salt of diphosphoric acid.
71345 cellular response to cytokine stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytokine stimulus.
71346 cellular response to interferon-gamma P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-gamma stimulus. Interferon gamma is the only member of the type II interferon found so far.
71347 cellular response to interleukin-1 P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-1 stimulus.
71348 cellular response to interleukin-11 P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-11 stimulus.
71349 cellular response to interleukin-12 P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-12 stimulus.
71350 cellular response to interleukin-15 P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-15 stimulus.
71351 cellular response to interleukin-18 P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-18 stimulus.
71352 cellular response to interleukin-2 P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-2 stimulus.
71353 cellular response to interleukin-4 P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-4 stimulus.
71354 cellular response to interleukin-6 P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-6 stimulus.
71355 cellular response to interleukin-9 P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-9 stimulus.
71356 cellular response to tumor necrosis factor P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tumor necrosis factor stimulus.
71357 cellular response to type I interferon P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a type I interferon stimulus. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.
71358 cellular response to type III interferon P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a type III interferon stimulus. Interferon lambda is the only member of the type III interferon found so far.
71359 cellular response to dsRNA P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a double-stranded RNA stimulus.
71360 cellular response to exogenous dsRNA P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an exogenous double-stranded RNA stimulus.
71361 cellular response to ethanol P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethanol stimulus.
71362 cellular response to ether P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ether stimulus.
71363 cellular response to growth factor stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth factor stimulus.
71364 cellular response to epidermal growth factor stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an epidermal growth factor stimulus.
71365 cellular response to auxin stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an auxin stimulus.
71366 cellular response to indolebutyric acid stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an indolebutyric acid stimulus.
71367 cellular response to brassinosteroid stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a brassinosteroid stimulus.
71368 cellular response to cytokinin stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytokinin stimulus.
71369 cellular response to ethylene stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethylene (ethene) stimulus.
71370 cellular response to gibberellin stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gibberellin stimulus.
71371 cellular response to gonadotropin stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gonadotropin stimulus.
71372 cellular response to follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus.
71373 cellular response to luteinizing hormone stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a luteinizing hormone stimulus.
71374 cellular response to parathyroid hormone stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a parathyroid hormone stimulus.
71375 cellular response to peptide hormone stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptide hormone stimulus. A peptide hormone is any of a class of peptides that are secreted into the blood stream and have endocrine functions in living animals.
71376 cellular response to corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulus. Corticotropin-releasing hormone is a peptide hormone involved in the stress response.
71377 cellular response to glucagon stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucagon stimulus.
71378 cellular response to growth hormone stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth hormone stimulus. Growth hormone is a peptide hormone that binds to the growth hormone receptor and stimulates growth.
71379 cellular response to prostaglandin stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin stimulus.
71380 cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin E stimulus.
71381 cellular response to prostaglandin F stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin F stimulus.
71382 cellular response to prostaglandin I stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin I stimulus.
71383 cellular response to steroid hormone stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a steroid hormone stimulus.
71384 cellular response to corticosteroid stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticosteroid hormone stimulus. A corticosteroid is a steroid hormone that is produced in the adrenal cortex. Corticosteroids are involved in a wide range of physiologic systems such as stress response, immune response and regulation of inflammation, carbohydrate metabolism, protein catabolism, blood electrolyte levels, and behavior. They include glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids.
71385 cellular response to glucocorticoid stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucocorticoid stimulus. Glucocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol with the ability to bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger similar effects. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects.
71386 cellular response to corticosterone stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticosterone stimulus. Corticosterone is a 21 carbon steroid hormone of the corticosteroid type, produced in the cortex of the adrenal glands. In many species, corticosterone is the principal glucocorticoid, involved in regulation of fuel metabolism, immune reactions, and stress responses.
71387 cellular response to cortisol stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cortisol stimulus. Cortisol is the major natural glucocorticoid synthesized in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex; it affects the metabolism of glucose, protein, and fats and has appreciable mineralocorticoid activity. It also regulates the immune system and affects many other functions.
71388 cellular response to cortisone stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cortisone stimulus. Cortisone is a natural glucocorticoid steroid hormone that is metabolically convertible to cortisol. Cortisone is synthesized from cholesterol in the cortex of the adrenal gland under the stimulation of adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH). The main physiological effect of cortisone is on carbohydrate metabolism; it can stimulate increased glucose release from the liver, increased liver glycogen synthesis, and decreased utilization of glucose by the tissues.
71389 cellular response to mineralocorticoid stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mineralocorticoid stimulus. Mineralocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol and characterized by their similarity to aldosterone. Mineralocorticoids act primarily on water and electrolyte balance.
71390 cellular response to ecdysone P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ecdysone stimulus.
71391 cellular response to estrogen stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by an estrogen, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics.
71392 cellular response to estradiol stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by estradiol, a C18 steroid hormone hydroxylated at C3 and C17 that acts as a potent estrogen.
71393 cellular response to progesterone stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a progesterone stimulus.
71394 cellular response to testosterone stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a testosterone stimulus.
71395 cellular response to jasmonic acid stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a jasmonic acid stimulus.
71396 cellular response to lipid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipid stimulus.
71397 cellular response to cholesterol P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cholesterol stimulus.
71398 cellular response to fatty acid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fatty acid stimulus.
71399 cellular response to linoleic acid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a linoleic acid stimulus.
71400 cellular response to oleic acid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oleic acid stimulus.
71401 cellular response to triglyceride P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a triglyceride stimulus.
71402 cellular response to lipoprotein particle stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipoprotein particle stimulus.
71403 cellular response to high density lipoprotein particle stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a high density lipoprotein particle stimulus.
71404 cellular response to low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus.
71405 cellular response to methanol P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methanol stimulus.
71406 cellular response to methylmercury P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methylmercury stimulus.
71407 cellular response to organic cyclic compound P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus.
71408 cellular response to cycloalkane P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cycloalkane stimulus. A cycloalkane is a cyclic saturated hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n.
71409 cellular response to cycloheximide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cycloheximide stimulus. Cycloheximide (actidione) is an antibiotic produced by some Streptomyces species which interferes with protein synthesis in eukaryotes.
71410 cellular response to cyclopentenone P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cyclopentenone stimulus. Cyclopentenones are oxylipins derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are structurally similar to jasmonic acid, but contain a reactive unsaturated carbonyl structure in the cyclo-ring. Cyclopentenones include phytoprostanes and 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid.
71411 cellular response to fluoxetine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fluoxetine stimulus. Fluoxetine increases the extracellular level of the neurotransmitter serotonin by inhibiting its reuptake into the presynaptic cell, increasing the level of serotonin available to bind to the postsynaptic receptor.
71412 cellular response to genistein P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a genistein stimulus.
71413 cellular response to hydroxyisoflavone P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroxyisoflavone stimulus.
71414 cellular response to methotrexate P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methotrexate stimulus. Methotrexate is 4-amino-10-methylformic acid, a folic acid analogue that is a potent competitive inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase.
71415 cellular response to purine-containing compound P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a purine-containing compound stimulus.
71416 cellular response to tropane P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tropane stimulus. Tropane is a nitrogenous bicyclic organic compound mainly known for a group of alkaloids derived from it (called tropane alkaloids), which include, among others, atropine and cocaine.
71417 cellular response to organonitrogen compound P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organonitrogen stimulus. An organonitrogen compound is formally a compound containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond.
71418 cellular response to amine stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amine stimulus. An amine is a compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups.
71419 cellular response to amphetamine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amphetamine stimulus. Amphetamines consist of a group of compounds related to alpha-methylphenethylamine.
71420 cellular response to histamine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a histamine stimulus. Histamine, the biogenic amine 2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethanamine, is involved in local immune responses as well as regulating physiological function in the gut and acting as a neurotransmitter.
71421 manganese ion transmembrane transport P A process in which a manganese ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
71422 succinate transmembrane transport P A process in which a succinate ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
71423 malate transmembrane transport P A process in which a malate ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
71424 rRNA (cytosine-N4-)-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N4-methylcytosine.
71425 hematopoietic stem cell proliferation P The expansion of a hematopoietic stem cell population by cell division. A hematopoietic stem cell is a stem cell from which all cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages develop.
71426 ribonucleoprotein complex export from nucleus P The directed movement of a ribonucleoprotein complex from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
71427 mRNA-containing ribonucleoprotein complex export from nucleus P The directed movement of a ribonucleoprotein complex that contains messenger RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
71428 rRNA-containing ribonucleoprotein complex export from nucleus P The directed movement of a ribonucleoprotein complex that contains ribosomal RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
71429 snRNA-containing ribonucleoprotein complex export from nucleus P The directed movement of a ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
71430 pre-miRNA-containing ribonucleoprotein complex export from nucleus P The directed movement of a ribonucleoprotein complex that contains pre-microRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
71431 tRNA-containing ribonucleoprotein complex export from nucleus P The directed movement of a ribonucleoprotein complex that contains transfer RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
71432 peptide mating pheromone maturation involved in conjugation with cellular fusion P The formation of a mature peptide mating pheromone by proteolysis and/or modification of a peptide precursor, occurring in the context of conjugation with cellular fusion.
71433 cell wall repair P A process of cell wall organization that results in the restoration of the cell wall following damage.
71434 cell chemotaxis to angiotensin P The directed movement of a motile cell in response to the presence of angiotensin.
71435 potassium ion export P The directed movement of potassium ions out of a cell or organelle.
71436 sodium ion export P The directed movement of sodium ions out of a cell or organelle.
71437 invadopodium C A cell projection that emerges from the ECM-facing surface of a cell, is enriched in actin and associated cytoskeletal proteins, and displays localized proteolytic activity toward the substrate.
71438 invadopodium membrane C The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding an invadopodium.
71439 clathrin complex C A protein complex that consists of three clathrin heavy chains and three clathrin light chains, organized into a symmetrical three-legged structure called a triskelion. In clathrin-coated vesicles clathrin is the main component of the coat and forms a polymeric mechanical scaffold on the vesicle surface.
71440 regulation of histone H3-K14 acetylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of an acetyl group to histone H3 at position 14 of the histone.
71441 negative regulation of histone H3-K14 acetylation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of an acetyl group to histone H3 at position 14 of the histone.
71442 positive regulation of histone H3-K14 acetylation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of an acetyl group to histone H3 at position 14 of the histone.
71443 tDNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA sequences encoding transfer RNA.
71444 cellular response to pheromone P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pheromone stimulus.
71446 cellular response to salicylic acid stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a salicylic acid stimulus.
71447 cellular response to hydroperoxide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroperoxide stimulus. Hydroperoxides are monosubstitution products of hydrogen peroxide, HOOH.
71448 cellular response to alkyl hydroperoxide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkyl hydroperoxide stimulus. Alkyl hydroperoxides are monosubstitution products of hydrogen peroxide, HOOH, where the substituent is an alkyl group.
71449 cellular response to lipid hydroperoxide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipid hydroperoxide stimulus. Lipid hydroperoxide is the highly reactive primary oxygenated products of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
71450 cellular response to oxygen radical P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oxygen radical stimulus. An oxygen radical is any oxygen species that carries a free electron; examples include hydroxyl radicals and the superoxide anion.
71451 cellular response to superoxide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a superoxide stimulus. Superoxide is the anion, oxygen-, formed by addition of one electron to dioxygen (O2) or any compound containing the superoxide anion.
71452 cellular response to singlet oxygen P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a singlet oxygen stimulus. Singlet oxygen is a dioxygen (O2) molecule in which two 2p electrons have similar spin. Singlet oxygen is more highly reactive than the form in which these electrons are of opposite spin, and it is produced in mutant chloroplasts lacking carotenoids and by leukocytes during metabolic burst.
71453 cellular response to oxygen levels P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of oxygen.
71454 cellular response to anoxia P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating a decline in oxygen levels to trace amounts, <0.1%.
71455 cellular response to hyperoxia P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating increased oxygen tension.
71456 cellular response to hypoxia P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level.
71457 cellular response to ozone P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ozone stimulus.
71458 integral component of cytoplasmic side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane C The component of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane consisting of the gene products that penetrate only the cytoplasmic side of the membrane.
71459 protein localization to chromosome, centromeric region P Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the centromeric region of a chromosome.
71460 cellular response to cell-matrix adhesion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of cell-matrix adhesion.
71461 cellular response to redox state P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating redox state. Redox state refers to the balance of oxidized versus reduced forms of electron donors and acceptors in an organelle, cell or organ; plastoquinone, glutathione (GSH/GSSG), and nicotinamide nucleotides (NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH) are among the most important.
71462 cellular response to water stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of water.
71463 cellular response to humidity P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a humidity stimulus, moisture in the atmosphere.
71464 cellular response to hydrostatic pressure P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrostatic pressure stimulus. Hydrostatic pressure is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is at rest (as opposed to moving). The weight of the fluid above the object creates pressure on it.
71465 cellular response to desiccation P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a desiccation stimulus, extreme dryness resulting from the prolonged deprivation of water.
71466 cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a xenobiotic compound stimulus. Xenobiotic compounds are compounds foreign to living organisms.
71467 cellular response to pH P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
71468 cellular response to acidic pH P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus with pH < 7. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
71469 cellular response to alkaline pH P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus with pH > 7. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
71470 cellular response to osmotic stress P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell.
71471 cellular response to non-ionic osmotic stress P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of non-ionic solutes (e.g. mannitol, sorbitol) in the environment.
71472 cellular response to salt stress P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.
71473 cellular response to cation stress P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of cation stress, an increase or decrease in the concentration of positively charged ions in the environment.
71474 cellular hyperosmotic response P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a hyperosmotic environment, i.e. an environment with a higher concentration of solutes than the organism or cell.
71475 cellular hyperosmotic salinity response P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, an increase in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.
71476 cellular hypotonic response P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a hypotonic environment, i.e. an environment with a lower concentration of solutes than the organism or cell.
71477 cellular hypotonic salinity response P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.
71478 cellular response to radiation P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation.
71479 cellular response to ionizing radiation P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ionizing radiation stimulus. Ionizing radiation is radiation with sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms and may arise from spontaneous decay of unstable isotopes, resulting in alpha and beta particles and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation also includes X-rays.
71480 cellular response to gamma radiation P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gamma radiation stimulus. Gamma radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or light emission of a specific frequency produced from sub-atomic particle interaction, such as electron-positron annihilation and radioactive decay. Gamma rays are generally characterized as EMR having the highest frequency and energy, and also the shortest wavelength, within the electromagnetic radiation spectrum.
71481 cellular response to X-ray P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of X-ray radiation. An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 nanometers to 100 picometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz to 3 EHz).
71482 cellular response to light stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light stimulus, electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths classified as infrared, visible or ultraviolet light.
71483 cellular response to blue light P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a blue light stimulus. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm.
71484 cellular response to light intensity P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light intensity stimulus.
71485 cellular response to absence of light P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an absence of light stimuli.
71486 cellular response to high light intensity P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a high light intensity stimulus.
71487 cellular response to low light intensity stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a low light intensity stimulus. Low light intensity is defined as a level of electromagnetic radiation at or below 0.1 micromols/m2.
71488 cellular response to very low light intensity stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a very low light intensity stimulus. A very low light intensity stimulus is defined as a level of electromagnetic radiation below 0.001 mmol/m2/sec.
71489 cellular response to red or far red light P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red or far red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.
71490 cellular response to far red light P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of far red light stimulus. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.
71491 cellular response to red light P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.
71492 cellular response to UV-A P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-A radiation stimulus. UV-A radiation (UV-A light) spans the wavelengths 315 to 400 nm.
71493 cellular response to UV-B P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-B radiation stimulus. UV-B radiation (UV-B light) spans the wavelengths 280 to 315 nm.
71494 cellular response to UV-C P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-C radiation stimulus. UV-C radiation (UV-C light) spans the wavelengths 100 to 280 nm.
71495 cellular response to endogenous stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus arising within the organism.
71496 cellular response to external stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external stimulus.
71497 cellular response to freezing P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a freezing stimulus, temperatures below 0 degrees Celsius.
71498 cellular response to fluid shear stress P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fluid shear stress stimulus. Fluid shear stress is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is moving across a solid surface.
71499 cellular response to laminar fluid shear stress P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a laminar fluid shear stress stimulus. Laminar fluid flow is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is moving across a solid surface in parallel layers.
71500 cellular response to nitrosative stress P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrosative stress stimulus. Nitrosative stress is a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of nitric oxide (NO) or the highly reactive oxidant peroxynitrite, which is produced following interaction of NO with superoxide anions.
71501 cellular response to sterol depletion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating deprivation of sterols. Sterols are a group of steroids characterized by the presence of one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.
71502 cellular response to temperature stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a temperature stimulus.
71503 response to heparin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heparin stimulus.
71504 cellular response to heparin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heparin stimulus.
71505 response to mycophenolic acid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mycophenolic acid stimulus.
71506 cellular response to mycophenolic acid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mycophenolic acid stimulus.
71507 MAPK cascade involved in conjugation with cellular fusion P A MAPK cascade that contributes to conjugation with cellular fusion.
71508 activation of MAPK activity involved in conjugation with cellular fusion P Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase in the context of conjugation with cellular fusion.
71509 activation of MAPKK activity involved in conjugation with cellular fusion P Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase kinase in the context of conjugation with cellular fusion.
71510 activation of MAPKKK activity involved in conjugation with cellular fusion P Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase kinase kinase in the context of conjugation with cellular fusion.
71511 inactivation of MAPK activity involved in conjugation with cellular fusion P Any process that terminates the activity of the active enzyme MAP kinase in the context of conjugation with cellular fusion.
71512 MAPK import into nucleus involved in conjugation with cellular fusion P The directed movement of a MAP kinase to the nucleus that occurs in the context of conjugation with cellular fusion.
71513 phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase complex C A protein complex that catalyzes decarboxylation of 4'-phosphopantothenoylcysteine to yield 4'-phosphopantetheine; this is the third step in the biosynthesis of Coenzyme A. The complex is homotrimeric in many eukaryotes, but is a heterotrimer in Saccharomyces.
71514 genetic imprinting P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules by a mechanism that is mediated by DNA, is mitotically or meiotically heritable, or is stably self-propagated in the cytoplasm of a resting cell, and does not entail a change in DNA sequence.
71515 genetic imprinting at mating-type locus P A genetic imprinting process in which a stable single-strand DNA lesion triggers programmed gene conversion at the mating-type locus, thereby restricting mating-type interconversion to one of the two sister chromatids during DNA replication.
71516 establishment of imprinting at mating-type locus P The initial formation of a stable single-strand DNA lesion that triggers programmed gene conversion at the mating-type locus, thereby restricting mating-type interconversion to one of the two sister chromatids during DNA replication.
71517 maintenance of imprinting at mating-type locus P Any process involved in preserving the structure of a stable single-strand DNA lesion that triggers programmed gene conversion at the mating-type locus, thereby restricting mating-type interconversion to one of the two sister chromatids during DNA replication.
71518 autoinducer-2 kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4,5-dihydroxy-pentane-2,3-dione + ATP = 5-phospho-4-hydroxy-pentane-2,3-dione (P-DPD) + ADP.
71519 actomyosin contractile ring actin filament bundle assembly P A process of actin filament bundle formation that occurs in the context of assembling an actomyosin contractile ring during cytokinesis.
71520 actomyosin contractile ring assembly actin filament bundle convergence P A process of actin filament bundle distribution that occurs in the context of assembling an actomyosin contractile ring during cytokinesis, and that results in the compaction of actin filaments into a tight ring.
71521 Cdc42 GTPase complex C A protein complex formed by the association of the small GTPase Cdc42 with additional proteins. In Schizosaccharomyces the complex contains the Cdc42, Ras1, Scd1, Scd2, andShk1 proteins, and functions in the Ras1-Scd GTPase signalling pathway.
71522 ureidoglycine aminohydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ureidoglycine + H2O = S-ureidoglycolate + NH3.
71523 TIR domain-mediated complex assembly P A process of protein complex assembly in which the arrangement and bonding together of the set of components that form the protein complex is mediated by a TIR domain interaction.
71524 pyrrolysine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrrolysine, N6-{[(2R,3R)-3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-yl]carbonyl}-L-lysine.
71525 pyrrolysine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrrolysine, N6-{[(2R,3R)-3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-yl]carbonyl}-L-lysine.
71526 semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a semaphorin receptor (composed of a plexin and a neurophilin) binding to a semaphorin ligand.
71527 semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in outflow tract morphogenesis P A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a semaphorin receptor (composed of a plexin and a neurophilin) binding to a semaphorin ligand that contributes to outflow tract morphogenesis.
71528 tRNA re-export from nucleus P The directed movement from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of a tRNA that was previously exported to the cytoplasm and then imported back into the nucleus. The processes of primary tRNA export and secondary export (re-export) can be distinguished because in organisms in which tRNA splicing occurs in the cytoplasm, the export of a mature tRNA must occur by re-export.
71529 cementum mineralization P The process in which calcium salts, mainly carbonated hydroxyapatite, are deposited into the initial acellular cementum.
71530 FHA domain-mediated complex assembly P A process of protein complex assembly in which the arrangement and bonding together of the set of components that form the protein complex is mediated by an FHA (forkhead-associated) domain interaction.
71531 Rel homology domain-mediated complex assembly P A process of protein complex assembly in which the arrangement and bonding together of the set of components that form the protein complex is mediated by a Rel homology domain (RHD) interaction.
71532 ankyrin repeat binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an ankyrin repeat of a protein. Ankyrin repeats are tandemly repeated modules of about 33 amino acids; each repeat folds into a helix-loop-helix structure with a beta-hairpin/loop region projecting out from the helices at a 90-degree angle, and repeats stack to form an L-shaped structure.
71533 ankyrin repeat-mediated complex assembly P A process of protein complex assembly in which the arrangement and bonding together of the set of components that form the protein complex is mediated by an ankyrin repeat interaction.
71534 zf-TRAF domain-mediated complex assembly P A process of protein complex assembly in which the arrangement and bonding together of the set of components that form the protein complex is mediated by a TRAF-type zinc finger (zf-TRAF) domain interaction.
71535 RING-like zinc finger domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a RING-like zinc finger domain domain of a protein. The RING-like domain is a zinc finger domain that is related to the C3HC4 RING finger domain.
71536 RING-like zinc finger domain-mediated complex assembly P A process of protein complex assembly in which the arrangement and bonding together of the set of components that form the protein complex is mediated by a RING-like zinc finger domain interaction.
71537 C3HC4-type RING finger domain-mediated complex assembly P A process of protein complex assembly in which the arrangement and bonding together of the set of components that form the protein complex is mediated by a C3HC4-type RING finger domain interaction.
71538 SH2 domain-mediated complex assembly P A process of protein complex assembly in which the arrangement and bonding together of the set of components that form the protein complex is mediated by an SH2 domain interaction.
71539 protein localization to centrosome P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the centrosome.
71540 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complex, eIF3e C An eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complex that contains the PCI-domain protein eIF3e.
71541 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complex, eIF3m C An eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complex that contains the PCI-domain protein eIF3m.
71542 dopaminergic neuron differentiation P The process in which a neuroblast acquires the specialized structural and functional features of a dopaminergic neuron, a neuron that secretes dopamine.
71543 diphosphoinositol polyphosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a diphosphoinositol polyphosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol with one or more diphosphate groups and multiple monophosphate groups attached.
71544 diphosphoinositol polyphosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a diphosphoinositol polyphosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol with one or more diphosphate groups and multiple monophosphate groups attached.
71545 inositol phosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with one or more phosphate groups attached.
71546 pi-body C A P granule that contains the PIWIL2-TDRD1 module, a set of proteins that act in the primary piRNA pathway. The pi-body corresponds to the cementing material between mitochondria found in gonocytes.
71547 piP-body C A P granule that contains the PIWIL4-TDRD9 module, a set of proteins that act in the secondary piRNA pathway.
71548 response to dexamethasone P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dexamethasone stimulus.
71549 cellular response to dexamethasone stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dexamethasone stimulus.
71550 death-inducing signaling complex assembly P A process of protein complex assembly in which the arrangement and bonding together of the set of components that form the protein complex is mediated by a death domain (DD) interaction, as part of the extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
71551 RIP homotypic interaction motif binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a RIP homotypic interaction motif (RHIM) of a protein. The RHIM is a 16-amino-acid motif found in some members, including RIP3, of a family of related kinases.
71552 RIP homotypic interaction motif-mediated complex assembly P A process of protein complex assembly in which the arrangement and bonding together of the set of components that form the protein complex is mediated by a RIP homotypic interaction motif (RHIM) interaction.
71553 G-protein coupled pyrimidinergic nucleotide receptor activity F Combining with a pyrimidine nucleotide and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
71554 cell wall organization or biogenesis P A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell wall.
71555 cell wall organization P A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the cell wall, the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.
71556 integral component of lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane C The component of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane consisting of the gene products that penetrate only the lumenal side of the membrane.
71557 histone H3-K27 demethylation P The modification of histone H3 by the removal of a methyl group from lysine at position 27 of the histone.
71558 histone demethylase activity (H3-K27 specific) F Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from lysine at position 27 of the histone H3 protein.
71559 response to transforming growth factor beta P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a transforming growth factor beta stimulus.
71560 cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a transforming growth factor beta stimulus.
71561 nucleus-vacuole junction C An organelle membrane contact site formed between the vacuole membrane and the outer nuclear membrane. In S. cerevisiae these contacts are mediated through direct physical interaction between Vac8p and Nvj1p.
71562 nucleus-vacuole junction assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a nucleus-vacuole junction, which are membrane contact sites formed between the vacuole membrane and the outer nuclear membrane. In S. cerevisiae these contacts are mediated through direct physical interaction between Vac8p and Nvj1p.
71563 Myo2p-Vac17p-Vac8p transport complex C A protein complex that is involved in transport of vacuoles to a newly formed daughter cell. In yeast, this complex is composed of Myo2p, Vac17p, and Vac8p.
71564 npBAF complex C A SWI/SNF-type complex that is found in neural stem or progenitor cells, and in human contains actin and proteins encoded by the ARID1A/BAF250A or ARID1B/BAF250B, SMARCD1/BAF60A, SMARCD3/BAF60C, SMARCA2/BRM/BAF190B, SMARCA4/BRG1/BAF190A, SMARCB1/BAF47, SMARCC1/BAF155, SMARCE1/BAF57, SMARCC2/BAF170, PHF10/BAF45A, ACTL6A/BAF53A genes. The npBAF complex is essential for the self-renewal/proliferative capacity of the multipotent neural stem cells.
71565 nBAF complex C A SWI/SNF-type complex that is found in post-mitotic neurons, and in human contains actin and proteins encoded by the ARID1A/BAF250A or ARID1B/BAF250B, SMARCD1/BAF60A, SMARCD3/BAF60C, SMARCA2/BRM/BAF190B, SMARCA4/BRG1/BAF190A, SMARCB1/BAF47, SMARCC1/BAF155, SMARCE1/BAF57, SMARCC2/BAF170, DPF1/BAF45B, DPF3/BAF45C, ACTL6B/BAF53B genes. The nBAF complex along with CREST plays a role regulating the activity of genes essential for dendrite growth.
71566 UFM1 activating enzyme activity F Catalysis of the activation of the small ubiquitin-related modifier UFM1, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond.
71567 UFM1 hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of UFM1, a small ubiquitin-related modifier, from previously modified substrates.
71568 UFM1 transferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of UFM1 from one protein to another via the reaction X-UFM1 + Y --> Y-UFM1 + X, where both X-UFM1 and Y-UFM1 are covalent linkages.
71569 protein ufmylation P Covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein UFM1 to another protein.
71570 cement gland development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cement gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cement gland is a simple mucus-secreting organ positioned at the anterior of amphibious embryos. The cement gland attaches the newly hatched embryo to a support before the hatchling can swim well or feed.
71571 LRR domain-mediated complex assembly P A process of protein complex assembly in which the arrangement and bonding together of the set of components that form the protein complex is mediated by an LRR (leucine-rich repeat) domain interaction.
71572 histone H3-K56 deacetylation P The modification of histone H3 by the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 56 of the histone.
71573 telosome assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a telosome. A telosome is a nuclear telomere cap complex that is formed by the association of telomeric ssDNA- and dsDNA-binding proteins with telomeric DNA, and is involved in telomere protection and recruitment of telomerase.
71574 protein localization to medial cortex P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the medial cortex.
71575 integral component of external side of plasma membrane C The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products that penetrate only the external side of the membrane.
71576 tetrahydrodictyopterin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with tetrahydrodictyopterin, the pterin 2-amino-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2-dihydroxypropyl]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridin-4(3H)-one.
71577 zinc II ion transmembrane transport P A process in which a zinc II ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
71578 zinc II ion transmembrane import P The directed movement of zinc II ions across a membrane into a cell or organelle.
71579 regulation of zinc ion transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of zinc ions (Zn2+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
71580 regulation of zinc ion transmembrane transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of zinc ions (Zn2+) from one side of a membrane to the other.
71581 regulation of zinc ion transmembrane import P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of zinc ion import.
71582 negative regulation of zinc ion transport P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of zinc ions (Zn2+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
71583 negative regulation of zinc ion transmembrane transport P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of zinc ions (Zn2+) from one side of a membrane to the other.
71584 negative regulation of zinc ion transmembrane import P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of zinc ion import.
71585 detoxification of cadmium ion P Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of cadmium ion. These may include transport of cadmium away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of cadmium ion.
71586 CAAX-box protein processing P The second process in a series of specific posttranslational modifications to the CAAX box region of CAAX box proteins, in which the last three amino acids of the protein (AAX) are removed by proteolysis.
71587 CAAX-box protein modification P The covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within the CAAX box region of CAAX box proteins.
71588 hydrogen peroxide mediated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
71589 pyridine nucleoside biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any pyridine nucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyridine base covalently bonded to a sugar, usually ribose.
71590 nicotinamide riboside biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide riboside, the product of the formation of a glycosidic bond between ribose and nicotinamide.
71591 nicotinic acid riboside metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinic acid riboside, the product of the formation of a glycosidic bond between ribose and nicotinic acid.
71592 nicotinic acid riboside biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinic acid riboside, the product of the formation of a glycosidic bond between ribose and nicotinic acid.
71593 lymphocyte aggregation P The adhesion of one lymphocyte to one or more other lymphocytes via adhesion molecules.
71594 thymocyte aggregation P The adhesion of one thymocyte (an immature T cell) to one or more other thymocytes via adhesion molecules.
71595 Nem1-Spo7 phosphatase complex C A protein serine/threonine phosphatase complex that is involved in nuclear envelope organization, and contains proteins known in budding yeast as Nem1p and Spo7p.
71596 ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the N-end rule pathway P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide covalently tagged with ubiquitin, via the N-end rule pathway. In the N-end rule pathway, destabilizing N-terminal residues (N-degrons) in substrates are recognized by E3 ligases (N-recognins), whereupon the substrates are linked to ubiquitin and then delivered to the proteasome for degradation.
71597 cellular birth scar C Crater-like ring of chitinous scar tissue located on the surface of the daughter cell, in budding fungi, at the site of separation from the mother cell. It is formed after the newly emerged daughter cell separates, thereby marking the site of cytokinesis and septation.
71598 neuronal ribonucleoprotein granule C A ribonucleoprotein complex that is found in the cytoplasm of axons and dendrites, and transports translationally silenced mRNAs to dendritic synapses, where they are released and translated in response to specific exogenous stimuli.
71599 otic vesicle development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the otic vesicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The otic vesicle is a transient embryonic structure formed during development of the vertebrate inner ear.
71600 otic vesicle morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the otic vesicle are generated and organized. The otic vesicle is a transient embryonic structure formed during development of the vertebrate inner ear.
71601 sphere organelle C A nuclear body that is found in the germinal vesicles of amphibian oocytes, and consist of three major parts: a remarkably spherical body about 5-10 pm in diameter, smaller spherical or nearly spherical granules on the surface, and inclusions of various sizes that strongly resemble the surface granules. The parts of the sphere organelle have distinct compositions, including splicing snRNAs and proteins.
71602 phytosphingosine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytosphingosine, (2S,3S,4R)-2-aminooctadecane-1,3,4-triol.
71603 endothelial cell-cell adhesion P The attachment of an endothelial cell to another endothelial cell via adhesion molecules.
71604 transforming growth factor beta production P The appearance of any member of the transforming growth factor-beta family of cytokines due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Transforming growth factor-beta family members include TGF-B1, TGF-B2, and TGF-B3.
71605 monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production P The appearance of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
71606 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 production P The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
71607 macrophage inflammatory protein-1 gamma production P The appearance of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 gamma due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
71608 macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha production P The appearance of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
71609 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 production P The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
71610 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1 production P The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
71611 granulocyte colony-stimulating factor production P The appearance of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
71612 IP-10 production P The appearance of IP-10 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
71613 granzyme B production P The appearance of granzyme B due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
71614 linoleic acid epoxygenase activity F Catalysis of an NADPH- and oxygen-dependent reaction that converts linoleic acid to a cis-epoxyoctadecenoic acid.
71615 oxidative deethylation P The process of removing one or more ethyl groups from a molecule, involving the oxidation (i.e. electron loss) of one or more atoms in the substrate.
71616 acyl-CoA biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with an acyl group.
71617 lysophospholipid acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of acyl groups from an acyl-CoA to a lysophospholipid.
71618 lysophosphatidylethanolamine acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of acyl groups from an acyl-CoA to lysophosphatidylethanolamine.
71619 phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain serine 2 residues P The process of introducing a phosphate group onto a serine residue at position 2 within the heptapeptide repeat (YSPTSPS) of the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. Typically, phosphorylation of serine 2 (Ser2) occurs subsequent to phosphorylation of serine 5 and is thus seen in the middle and 3' ends of genes. In vivo, Ser2 phosphorylation is primarily performed by CTDK-I in S. cerevisiae or CDK9 in metazoans.
71620 phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain serine 5 residues P The process of introducing a phosphate group onto a serine residue at position 5 within the heptapeptide repeat (YSPTSPS) of the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. Typically, phosphorylation of serine 5 (Ser5) occurs near the 5' ends of genes. It is generally still observed in the middle of genes, overlapping with phosphorylation of serine 2, but is generally not present at the 3' ends of genes. In vivo, Ser5 phosphorylation occurs primarily through the action of TFIIH (KIN28 in S. cerevisiae, CKD7 in metazoans).
71621 granulocyte chemotaxis P The movement of a granulocyte in response to an external stimulus.
71622 regulation of granulocyte chemotaxis P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of granulocyte chemotaxis. Granulocyte chemotaxis is the movement of a granulocyte in response to an external stimulus.
71623 negative regulation of granulocyte chemotaxis P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of granulocyte chemotaxis. Granulocyte chemotaxis is the movement of a granulocyte in response to an external stimulus.
71624 positive regulation of granulocyte chemotaxis P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of granulocyte chemotaxis. Granulocyte chemotaxis is the movement of a granulocyte in response to an external stimulus.
71625 vocalization behavior P The behavior in which an organism produces sounds by a mechanism involving its respiratory system.
71626 mastication P The process of biting and mashing food with the teeth prior to swallowing.
71627 integral component of fungal-type vacuolar membrane C The component of the fungal-type vacuole membrane consisting of the gene products having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
71628 intrinsic component of fungal-type vacuolar membrane C The component of a fungal-type vacuole membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
71629 ubiquitin-dependent catabolism of misfolded proteins by cytoplasm-associated proteasome P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded proteins in the cytoplasm, which are targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation.
71630 ubiquitin-dependent catabolism of misfolded proteins by nucleus-associated proteasome P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded proteins via a mechanism in which the proteins are transported to the nucleus for ubiquitination, and then targeted to proteasomes for degradation.
71631 mating pheromone secretion involved in conjugation with cellular fusion P The regulated release of a mating pheromone, a peptide hormone that induces a behavioral or physiological response(s) from a responding organism or cell, that contributes to a conjugation process that results in the union of cellular and genetic information from compatible mating types.
71632 optomotor response P Eye, head or whole body movements that help to compensate movements of the environment in order to stabilize its image on the retina. In the case of whole body movements, these motor actions may also stabilize a locomotor course in response to some disturbance. Examples include: the optokinetic reflex, which allows human eyes to follow objects in motion while the head remains stationary reflex; the optomotor responses of flying insects and swimming fish.
71633 dihydroceramidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a dihydroceramide + H2O = a fatty acid + dihydrosphingosine.
71634 regulation of transforming growth factor beta production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta.
71635 negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta.
71636 positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta.
71637 regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of monocyte chemotactic protein-1.
71638 negative regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of monocyte chemotactic protein-1.
71639 positive regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of monocyte chemotactic protein-1.
71640 regulation of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha.
71641 negative regulation of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha.
71642 positive regulation of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha.
71643 regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4.
71644 negative regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4.
71645 positive regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4.
71646 regulation of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 gamma production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 gamma.
71647 negative regulation of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 gamma production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 gamma.
71648 positive regulation of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 gamma production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 gamma.
71649 regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5.
71650 negative regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5.
71651 positive regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5.
71652 regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1 production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1.
71653 negative regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1 production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1.
71654 positive regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1 production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1.
71655 regulation of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.
71656 negative regulation of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of granulocyte colony stimulating factor.
71657 positive regulation of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.
71658 regulation of IP-10 production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of IP-10.
71659 negative regulation of IP-10 production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of IP-10.
71660 positive regulation of IP-10 production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of IP-10.
71661 regulation of granzyme B production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of granzyme B.
71662 negative regulation of granzyme B production P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of granzyme B.
71663 positive regulation of granzyme B production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of granzyme B.
71664 catenin-TCF7L2 complex C A protein complex that contains a catenin and TCF7L2 (TCF4), binds to the TCF DNA motif within a promoter element, and is involved in the regulation of WNT target gene transcription.
71665 gamma-catenin-TCF7L2 complex C A protein complex that contains gamma-catenin and TCF7L2 (TCF4), binds to the TCF DNA motif within a promoter element, and is involved in the regulation of WNT target gene transcription.
71666 Slit-Robo signaling complex C A protein-carbohydrate complex that consists of a transmembrane roundabout (Robo) receptor, an extracellular Slit ligand and heparin/heparan sulfate.
71667 DNA/RNA hybrid binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a RNA/DNA hybrid.
71668 plant-type cell wall assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a cellulose- and pectin-containing cell wall.
71669 plant-type cell wall organization or biogenesis P A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellulose- and pectin-containing cell wall.
71670 smooth muscle cell chemotaxis P The directed movement of a smooth muscle cell in response to an external stimulus.
71671 regulation of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis.
71672 negative regulation of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis.
71673 positive regulation of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis.
71674 mononuclear cell migration P The movement of a mononuclear cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.
71675 regulation of mononuclear cell migration P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of mononuclear cell migration. Mononuclear cell migration is the movement of a mononuclear cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.
71676 negative regulation of mononuclear cell migration P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of mononuclear cell migration. Mononuclear cell migration is the movement of a mononuclear cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.
71677 positive regulation of mononuclear cell migration P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of mononuclear cell migration. Mononuclear cell migration is the movement of a mononuclear cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.
71678 olfactory bulb axon guidance P The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a neuron in the olfactory bulb is directed to its target in the brain in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
71679 commissural neuron axon guidance P The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a commissural neuron is directed to its target in the brain in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
71680 response to indole-3-methanol P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an indole-3-methanol stimulus.
71681 cellular response to indole-3-methanol P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an indole-3-methanol stimulus.
71682 endocytic vesicle lumen C The volume enclosed by the membrane of an endocytic vesicle.
71683 sensory dendrite C A dendrite that is found on a sensory neuron, and directly transduces a sensory signal from the sensory neuron to another neuron.
71684 organism emergence from protective structure P The developmental process in which an organism emerges from a surrounding protective structure such as an egg or pupa case.
71685 NADH dehydrogenase complex (plastoquinone) C An NADH dehydrogenase complex that catalyzes the transfer of electrons to plastoquinone. The complex is involved in the non-photochemical reduction of plastoquinones and the cyclic electron transport around photosystem I, and is found in plastid thylakoids.
71686 horsetail nucleus C The elongated nucleus which forms during the rapid oscillatory movement at meiotic prophase; characterized in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
71687 horsetail nucleus leading edge C The part of the horsetail nucleus where telomeres cluster under the SPB and that leads horsetail movement. The horsetail nucleus is the elongated nucleus which forms during the rapid oscillatory movement at meiotic prophase; characterized in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
71688 striated muscle myosin thick filament assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the myosin-based thick filaments of myofibrils in striated muscle.
71689 muscle thin filament assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the actin-based thin filaments of myofibrils in striated muscle.
71690 cardiac muscle myosin thick filament assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the myosin-based thick filaments of myofibrils in cardiac muscle.
71691 cardiac muscle thin filament assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the actin-based thin filaments of myofibrils in cardiac muscle.
71692 protein localization to extracellular region P Any process in which a protein is transported from one specific location in the extracellular region to another, or maintained in a specific extracellular location.
71693 protein transport within extracellular region P The directed movement of proteins in the extracellular region, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
71694 maintenance of protein location in extracellular region P Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location within the extracellular region and is prevented from moving elsewhere.
71695 anatomical structure maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an anatomical structure to attain its fully functional state.
71696 ectodermal placode development P The progression of an ectodermal placode over time from its initial formation until its mature state. An ectodermal placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that is the primordium of many structures derived from the ectoderm.
71697 ectodermal placode morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of an ectodermal placode are generated and organized. An ectodermal placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that is the primordium of many structures derived from the ectoderm.
71698 olfactory placode development P The progression of the olfactory placode over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The olfactory placode is a thickening of the neural ectoderm in the head region of the vertebrate embryo which develops into the olfactory region of the nasal cavity.
71699 olfactory placode morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the olfactory placode are generated and organized. The olfactory placode is a thickening of the neural ectoderm in the head region of the vertebrate embryo which develops into the olfactory region of the nasal cavity.
71700 olfactory placode maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the olfactory placode to attain its fully functional state. The olfactory placode is a thickening of the neural ectoderm in the head region of the vertebrate embryo which develops into the olfactory region of the nasal cavity.
71701 regulation of MAPK export from nucleus P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a MAP kinase from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
71702 organic substance transport P The directed movement of organic substances into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. An organic substance is a molecular entity that contains carbon.
71703 detection of organic substance P The series of events in which an organic substance stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
71704 organic substance metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon.
71705 nitrogen compound transport P The directed movement of nitrogen-containing compounds into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
71706 tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production P The appearance of any member of the TNF superfamily due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
71707 immunoglobulin heavy chain V-D-J recombination P The process in which immunoglobulin heavy chain V, D, and J gene segments are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS).
71708 immunoglobulin light chain V-J recombination P The process in which immunoglobulin light chain V and J gene segments are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS).
71709 membrane assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a membrane.
71710 membrane macromolecule biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule destined to form part of a membrane in a cell.
71711 basement membrane organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the basement membrane.
71712 ER-associated misfolded protein catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded proteins transported from the endoplasmic reticulum and targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation.
71713 para-aminobenzoyl-glutamate hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: para-aminobenzoyl-glutamate + H2O = para-aminobenzoate + L-glutamate.
71714 icosanoid transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of icosanoids from one side of the membrane to the other.
71715 icosanoid transport P The directed movement of icosanoids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Icosanoids are unsaturated C20 fatty acids and skeletally related compounds.
71716 leukotriene transport P The directed movement of leukotrienes into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Leukotrienes are linear C20 endogenous metabolites of arachidonic acid (icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid) containing a terminal carboxy function and four or more double bonds (three or more of which are conjugated) as well as other functional groups.
71717 thromboxane transport P The directed movement of thromboxanes into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A thromboxane is any of a class of oxygenated oxane derivatives, originally derived from prostaglandin precursors in platelets, that stimulate aggregation of platelets and constriction of blood vessels.
71718 sodium-independent icosanoid transport P The directed, sodium-independent, movement of icosanoids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Icosanoids are unsaturated C20 fatty acids and skeletally related compounds.
71719 sodium-independent leukotriene transport P The directed, sodium-independent, movement of leukotrienes into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Leukotrienes are linear C20 endogenous metabolites of arachidonic acid (icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid) containing a terminal carboxy function and four or more double bonds (three or more of which are conjugated) as well as other functional groups.
71720 sodium-independent prostaglandin transport P The directed, sodium-independent, movement of prostaglandins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
71721 sodium-independent thromboxane transport P The directed, sodium-independent, movement of thromboxanes into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A thromboxane is any of a class of oxygenated oxane derivatives, originally derived from prostaglandin precursors in platelets, that stimulate aggregation of platelets and constriction of blood vessels.
71722 detoxification of arsenic-containing substance P Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of compounds containing arsenic, including arsenates, arsenites, and arsenides. These include transport of such compounds away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of arsenic or arsenic-containing compounds.
71723 lipopeptide binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a lipopeptide, any of a group of organic compounds comprising two or more amino acids linked by peptide bonds and containing a nonprotein group consisting of a lipid or lipids.
71724 response to diacyl bacterial lipopeptide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diacylated bacterial lipopeptide stimulus.
71725 response to triacyl bacterial lipopeptide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a triacylated bacterial lipopeptide stimulus.
71726 cellular response to diacyl bacterial lipopeptide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diacylated bacterial lipopeptide stimulus.
71727 cellular response to triacyl bacterial lipopeptide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a triacylated bacterial lipopeptide stimulus.
71728 beak development P The progression of the beak over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The avian beak is an external anatomical structure, in the head region, that is adapted for feeding self and young, catching prey, probing, etc. It encompasses, but is not restricted to, the maxilla, mandible, maxillary rhamphotheca, mandibular rhamphotheca, nostril, nasal fossa, nasal bones, egg tooth and rictus.
71729 beak morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the beak are generated and organized. The avian beak is an external anatomical structure, in the head region, that is adapted for feeding self and young, catching prey, probing, etc. It encompasses, but is not restricted to, the maxilla, mandible, maxillary rhamphotheca, mandibular rhamphotheca, nostril, nasal fossa, nasal bones, egg tooth and rictus.
71730 beak formation P The process that gives rise to the beak. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The avian beak is an external anatomical structure, in the head region, that is adapted for feeding self and young, catching prey, probing, etc. It encompasses, but is not restricted to, the maxilla, mandible, maxillary rhamphotheca, mandibular rhamphotheca, nostril, nasal fossa, nasal bones, egg tooth and rictus.
71731 response to nitric oxide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitric oxide stimulus.
71732 cellular response to nitric oxide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitric oxide stimulus.
71733 transcriptional activation by promoter-enhancer looping P The formation and maintenance of DNA loops that juxtapose the promoter and enhancer regions of RNA polymerase II-transcribed genes and activate transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
71734 biotin-[pyruvate-carboxylase] ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + apo-(pyruvate-carboxylase) = AMP + diphosphate + biotin-(pyruvate-carboxylase).
71735 IgG immunoglobulin complex C A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgG isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. An IgG immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
71736 IgG immunoglobulin complex, circulating C A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgG isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
71737 IgG B cell receptor complex C An IgG immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgG isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.
71738 IgD immunoglobulin complex C A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgD isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. An IgD immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
71739 IgD immunoglobulin complex, circulating C A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgD isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
71740 IgD B cell receptor complex C An IgD immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgD isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.
71741 IgD immunoglobulin complex, GPI-anchored C A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgD isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and bound via a GPI-anchor to the plasma membrane of B cells.
71742 IgE immunoglobulin complex C A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgE isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. An IgE immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
71743 IgE immunoglobulin complex, circulating C A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgE isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
71744 IgE B cell receptor complex C An IgE immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgE isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.
71745 IgA immunoglobulin complex C A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgA isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and sometimes complexed with J chain or J chain and secretory component. An IgA immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
71746 IgA immunoglobulin complex, circulating C A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgA isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, sometimes complexed with J chain or J chain and secretory component, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
71747 IgA B cell receptor complex C An IgA immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgA isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.
71748 monomeric IgA immunoglobulin complex C A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgA isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
71749 polymeric IgA immunoglobulin complex C A protein complex composed of two, three, or four monomeric IgA immunoglobulin complexes linked through both direct disulfide bonds and through disulfide binded monomers of J chain acting as a bridge. Each IgA monomer consists of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgA isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. Dimeric IgA is sometimes complexed additionally with secretory component, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
71750 dimeric IgA immunoglobulin complex C A protein complex composed of two monomeric IgA immunoglobulin complexes linked through both direct disulfide bonds and through a disulfide binded monomer of J chain acting as a bridge. Each IgA monomer consists of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgA isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. Dimeric IgA is sometimes complexed additionally with secretory component, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
71751 secretory IgA immunoglobulin complex C A polymeric IgA immunoglobulin complex that is complexed with one chain of secretory component (SC). Polymeric IgA is present in mucosal areas, having been transported via a transcytosis mechanism in mucosal epithelial cells relying on the polymeric Ig receptor, a portion of which then remains bound to the polymeric IgA as secretory component.
71752 secretory dimeric IgA immunoglobulin complex C A dimeric form of secretory IgA immunoglobulin complex.
71753 IgM immunoglobulin complex C A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgM isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and in its circulating form complexed with J chain in polymeric forms. An IgM immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
71754 IgM immunoglobulin complex, circulating C A polymer of five or six IgM core units each composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgM isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds; the individual IgM core units are held together via disulfide bonds with a single J chain polypeptide acting as a bridge between two of the polymeric units. Circulating IgM is present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or in the blood or lymph.
71755 IgM B cell receptor complex C An IgM immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgM isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.
71756 pentameric IgM immunoglobulin complex C A circulating form of IgM consisting of a pentamer of IgM core units with a single J chain polypeptide.
71757 hexameric IgM immunoglobulin complex C A circulating form of IgM consisting of a hexamer of IgM core units with a single J chain polypeptide.
71758 IgW immunoglobulin complex C A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgW isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. An IgW immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
71759 IgX immunoglobulin complex C A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgX isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. An IgX immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
71760 IgY immunoglobulin complex C A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgY isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. An IgY immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
71761 IgZ immunoglobulin complex C A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgZ isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. The IgZ isotype is also known as the IgT isotype in certain species of fish.
71762 heavy chain immunoglobulin complex C A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgNAR isotype held together by disulfide bonds and lacking immunoglobulin light chains.
71763 nuclear membrane organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear inner or outer membrane.
71764 nuclear outer membrane organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear outer membrane.
71765 nuclear inner membrane organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear inner membrane.
71766 Actinobacterium-type cell wall biogenesis P A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cell wall of the type found in Actinobacteria. The cell wall is the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane. Actinobacterial cell walls contain characteristic mycolic acids, of which some are covalently linked to the cell wall peptidoglycan and others accumulate at the cell surface.
71767 mycolic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving mycolic acids, beta-hydroxy fatty acids with a long alpha-alkyl side chain.
71768 mycolic acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mycolic acids, beta-hydroxy fatty acids with a long alpha-alkyl side chain.
71769 mycolate cell wall layer assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components, including arabinogalactan mycolate and trehalose dimycolate, to form the mycolate layer of the Actinobacterium-type cell wall. The mycolate layer is physically attached to the peptidoglycan layer.
71770 DIM/DIP cell wall layer assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components, including (phenyl)phthiocerol, phthiodiolone, phthiotriol dimycocerosate and diphthioceranate, to form the DIM/DIP layer of the Actinobacterium-type cell wall.
71771 aldehyde decarbonylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a C(n) aldehyde = C(n-1) alkane + CO.
71772 response to BMP P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) stimulus.
71773 cellular response to BMP stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) stimulus.
71774 response to fibroblast growth factor P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fibroblast growth factor stimulus.
71781 endoplasmic reticulum cisternal network C A subcompartment of the endoplasmic reticulum consisting of flattened, disc-shaped domains known as cisternae. These are typically found close to the nucleus and are generally more prominent in secretory cells.
71782 endoplasmic reticulum tubular network C A subcompartment of the endoplasmic reticulum consisting of tubules having membranes with high curvature in cross-section.
71783 endoplasmic reticulum cisternal network organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cisternal network. The ER cisternal network is the ER part that comprises the membranes with low curvature in cross-section.
71784 endoplasmic reticulum cisternal network assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cisternal network. The ER cisternal network is the ER part that comprises the membranes with low curvature in cross-section.
71785 endoplasmic reticulum cisternal network maintenance P The organization process that preserves the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cisternal network in a stable functional or structural state. The ER cisternal network is the ER part that comprises the membranes with low curvature in cross-section.
71786 endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubular network. The ER tubular network is the ER part that that has membranes with high curvature in cross-section.
71787 endoplasmic reticulum tubular network assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubular network. The ER tubular network is the ER part that comprises the membranes with high curvature in cross-section.
71788 endoplasmic reticulum tubular network maintenance P The organization process that preserves the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubular network in a stable functional or structural state. The ER tubular network is the ER part that comprises the membranes with high curvature in cross-section.
71789 spindle pole body localization to nuclear envelope P A process in which a spindle pole body is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the nuclear envelope. A spindle pole body is a type of microtubule organizing center found in fungal cells.
71790 establishment of spindle pole body localization to nuclear envelope P A process in which a spindle pole body is transported to a specific location in the nuclear envelope. A spindle pole body is a type of microtubule organizing center found in fungal cells.
71791 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5.
71792 bacillithiol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving bacillithiol, the alpha-anomeric glycoside of L-cysteinyl-D-glucosamine with L-malic acid. Bacillithiol, produced widely in the Firmicutes and sporadically in other bacterial lineages, is a low-molecular-weight thiol analogous to mycothiol in the Actinomycetes and glutathione in many species.
71793 bacillithiol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bacillithiol, the alpha-anomeric glycoside of L-cysteinyl-D-glucosamine with L-malic acid. Bacillithiol, produced widely in the Firmicutes and sporadically in other bacterial lineages, is a low-molecular-weight thiol analogous to mycothiol in the Actinomycetes and glutathione in many species.
71794 CAP-Gly domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a CAP-Gly domain of a protein. The CAP_Gly domain is a conserved, glycine-rich domain of about 42 residues found in some cytoskeleton-associated proteins, and features a novel protein fold containing three beta-sheets.
71795 K11-linked polyubiquitin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently and non-covalently with a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 11 of the ubiquitin monomers.
71796 K6-linked polyubiquitin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently and non-covalently with a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 6 of the ubiquitin monomers.
71797 LUBAC complex C A ubiquitin ligase complex that catalyzes linear head-to-tail polyubiquitin conjugation on its targets. In human the complex consists of RBCK1, RNF31 and SHARPIN, and has an MW of approximately 600 kDa, suggesting a heteromultimeric assembly of its subunits. LUBAC stands for Linear Ubiquitin Chain Assembly Complex.
71798 response to prostaglandin D P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin D stimulus.
71799 cellular response to prostaglandin D stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin D stimulus.
71800 podosome assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a podosome, an actin-rich adhesion structure characterized by formation upon cell substrate contact and localization at the substrate-attached part of the cell.
71801 regulation of podosome assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of podosome assembly.
71802 negative regulation of podosome assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of podosome assembly.
71803 positive regulation of podosome assembly P Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of podosome assembly.
71804 cellular potassium ion transport P The directed movement of potassium (K) ions into, out of, or within a cell.
71805 potassium ion transmembrane transport P A process in which a potassium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other.
71806 protein transmembrane transport P The directed movement of a protein across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
71807 replication fork arrest involved in DNA replication termination P A replication fork arrest process that contributes to the termination of DNA replication.
71808 satellite fibril C An axoneme part that is found in the flagella of mammalian sperm and is located in the middle piece between the outer dense fibers (on the concave side of outer dense fibers as seen in cross-section).
71809 regulation of fever generation by regulation of prostaglandin biosynthesis P Any process that modulates the rate or extent of fever generation via regulation of the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostaglandin.
71810 regulation of fever generation by regulation of prostaglandin secretion P Any process that modulates the rate or extent of fever generation via regulation of the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a prostaglandin from a cell.
71811 positive regulation of fever generation by positive regulation of prostaglandin biosynthesis P Any process that increases the rate or extent of fever generation via positive regulation of the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostaglandin.
71812 positive regulation of fever generation by positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion P Any process that increases the rate or extent of fever generation via positive regulation of the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a prostaglandin from a cell.
71813 lipoprotein particle binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a lipoprotein particle. A lipoprotein particle, also known as a lipoprotein, is a clathrate complex consisting of a lipid enwrapped in a protein host without covalent binding in such a way that the complex has a hydrophilic outer surface consisting of all the protein and the polar ends of any phospholipids.
71814 protein-lipid complex binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein-lipid complex, any macromolecular complex that contains both protein and lipid molecules.
71815 intermediate-density lipoprotein particle binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a intermediate-density lipoprotein particle, a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle that typically contains APOB100, APOE and APOCs and has a density of 1.006-1.019 g/ml and a diameter of between 25-30 nm.
71816 tail-anchored membrane protein insertion into ER membrane P A process of protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in which a tail-anchored (TA) transmembrane protein is incorporated into an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. TA transmembrane protein, also named type II transmembrane proteins, contain a single C- terminal transmembrane region.
71817 MMXD complex C A protein complex that contains the proteins MMS19, MIP18 and XPD, localizes to mitotic spindle during mitosis, and is required for proper chromosome segregation.
71818 BAT3 complex C A protein complex consisting of BAT3 (BAG6) and its cofactors. In mammals these cofactors are TRC35 (GET4) and UBL4A. It facilitates tail-anchored protein capture by ASNA1/TRC4 and also chaperones polypeptides from the endoplasmic reticulum retrotranslocation machinery to the proteasome, maintaining the solubility of substrates to improve ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD).
71819 DUBm complex C A protein complex that forms part of SAGA-type complexes SAGA and SLIK, and mediates deubiquitination of histone H2B. In S. cerevisiae, the DUBm consists of the proteins Ubp8p, Sgf11p, Sus1p, and Sgf73p.
71820 N-box binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an N-box, a DNA motif with the consensus sequence CACNAG that is found in the promoters of genes expressed preferentially at synapses.
71821 FANCM-MHF complex C A protein complex contains the proteins FANCM and MHF, or their orthologs, plays an essential role in DNA remodeling, protects replication forks, and is conserved in eukaryotes.
71822 protein complex subunit organization P Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein complex.
71823 protein-carbohydrate complex subunit organization P Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein-carbohydrate complex.
71824 protein-DNA complex subunit organization P Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein-DNA complex.
71825 protein-lipid complex subunit organization P Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein-lipid complex.
71826 ribonucleoprotein complex subunit organization P Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a ribonucleoprotein complex.
71827 plasma lipoprotein particle organization P A protein-lipid complex subunit organization process that results in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a plasma lipoprotein particle. A plasma lipoprotein particle is a spherical particle with a hydrophobic core of triglycerides and/or cholesterol esters, surrounded by an amphipathic monolayer of phospholipids, cholesterol and apolipoproteins.
71828 apolipoprotein E recycling P The process in which chylomicron remnant-associated apolipoprotein E is internalized by endocytosis, localized to recycling endosomes and then secreted in association with a high-density lipoprotein particle.
71829 plasma lipoprotein particle disassembly P The disaggregation of a plasma lipoprotein particle into its constituent components.
71830 triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle clearance P The process in which a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.
71831 intermediate-density lipoprotein particle clearance P The process in which a intermediate-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.
71832 peptide pheromone export involved in conjugation P The directed movement of a peptide pheromone out of a cell by a secretion or export pathway used solely for the export of peptide pheromones that contributes to the union or introduction of genetic information from compatible mating types that results in a genetically different individual. Conjugation requires direct cellular contact between the organisms.
71833 peptide pheromone export involved in conjugation with cellular fusion P The directed movement of a peptide pheromone out of a cell by a secretion or export pathway used solely for the export of peptide pheromones that contributes to a conjugation process that results in the union of cellular and genetic information from compatible mating types.
71834 mating pheromone secretion P The regulated release of a mating pheromone, a peptide hormone that induces a behavioral or physiological response(s) from a responding organism or cell, that contributes to a process of sexual reproduction.
71835 mating pheromone secretion involved in conjugation P The regulated release of a mating pheromone, a peptide hormone that induces a behavioral or physiological response(s) from a responding organism or cell, that contributes to the union or introduction of genetic information from compatible mating types that results in a genetically different individual. Conjugation requires direct cellular contact between the organisms.
71836 nectar secretion P The controlled release of a nectar by a cell or a tissue. Nectar is a fluid secreted by many angiosperms to promote pollination by providing a reward to pollinators. Nectar may also deter certain organisms from visiting or play other biological roles. Nectar is a complex solution that may include the following types of compounds: sugars, amino acids, organic acids, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, vitamins, phenolics, metal ions, oils, free fatty acids, and proteins.
71837 HMG box domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an HMG box domain, a protein domain that consists of three helices in an irregular array. HMG-box domains are found in one or more copies in HMG-box proteins, which form a large, diverse family involved in the regulation of DNA-dependent processes such as transcription, replication, and strand repair, all of which require the bending and unwinding of chromatin.
71838 cell proliferation in bone marrow P The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population in the bone marrow.
71839 apoptotic process in bone marrow P The apoptotic process in cells in the bone marrow.
71840 cellular component organization or biogenesis P A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component.
71846 actin filament debranching P An actin filament severing process that results in the removal of actin filament branches specifically at the branch points.
71847 TNFSF11-mediated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 (TNFSF11) to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
71848 positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade via TNFSF11-mediated signaling P Any TNFSF11-mediated signaling process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
71849 G1 cell cycle arrest in response to nitrogen starvation P The process in which the cell cycle is halted during G1 phase, as a result of deprivation of nitrogen.
71850 mitotic cell cycle arrest P The process in which the mitotic cell cycle is halted during one of the normal phases (G1, S, G2, M).
71851 mitotic G1 cell cycle arrest in response to nitrogen starvation P The process in which the mitotic cell cycle is halted during G1 phase, as a result of deprivation of nitrogen.
71852 fungal-type cell wall organization or biogenesis P A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a fungal-type cell wall.
71853 fungal-type cell wall disassembly P A cellular process that results in the breakdown of a fungal-type cell wall.
71854 cell wall macromolecule catabolic process involved in fungal-type cell wall disassembly P The chemical reactions and pathways that result in the breakdown of macromolecules that form part of a cell wall, and contributes to the breakdown of the fungal-type cell wall.
71855 neuropeptide receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a neuropeptide receptor.
71857 beta-endorphin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a beta-endorphin receptor.
71858 corazonin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a corazonin receptor.
71859 neuropeptide F receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a neuropeptide F receptor.
71860 proctolin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a proctolin receptor.
71861 tachykinin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a tachykinin receptor.
71863 regulation of cell proliferation in bone marrow P A process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in the bone marrow.
71864 positive regulation of cell proliferation in bone marrow P A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in the bone marrow.
71865 regulation of apoptotic process in bone marrow P Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process in the bone marrow.
71866 negative regulation of apoptotic process in bone marrow P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process in the bone marrow.
71867 response to monoamine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a monoamine stimulus. A monoamine is any of a group of molecular messengers that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by ethylene group (-CH2-CH2-). Monoamines are derived from the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, histidine and tryptophan.
71868 cellular response to monoamine stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a monoamine stimulus. A monoamine is any of a group of molecular messengers that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by ethylene group (-CH2-CH2-). Monoamines are derived from the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, histidine and tryptophan.
71869 response to catecholamine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a catecholamine stimulus. A catecholamine is any of a group of biogenic amines that includes 4-(2-aminoethyl)pyrocatechol [4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol] and derivatives formed by substitution.
71870 cellular response to catecholamine stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a catecholamine stimulus. A catecholamine is any of a group of biogenic amines that includes 4-(2-aminoethyl)pyrocatechol [4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol] and derivatives formed by substitution.
71871 response to epinephrine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an epinephrine stimulus. Epinephrine is a catecholamine that has the formula C9H13NO3; it is secreted by the adrenal medulla to act as a hormone, and released by certain neurons to act as a neurotransmitter active in the central nervous system.
71872 cellular response to epinephrine stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an epinephrine stimulus. Epinephrine is a catecholamine that has the formula C9H13NO3; it is secreted by the adrenal medulla to act as a hormone, and released by certain neurons to act as a neurotransmitter active in the central nervous system.
71873 response to norepinephrine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a norepinephrine stimulus. Norepinephrine is a catecholamine that has the formula C8H11NO3; it acts as a hormone, and as a neurotransmitter in most of the sympathetic nervous system.
71874 cellular response to norepinephrine stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a norepinephrine stimulus. Norepinephrine is a catecholamine that has the formula C8H11NO3; it acts as a hormone, and as a neurotransmitter in most of the sympathetic nervous system.
71875 adrenergic receptor signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
71877 regulation of adrenergic receptor signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an adrenergic receptor signaling pathway activity. An adrenergic receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
71878 negative regulation of adrenergic receptor signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adrenergic receptor protein signaling pathway activity. An adrenergic receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
71879 positive regulation of adrenergic receptor signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the adrenergic receptor protein signaling pathway. An adrenergic receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
71880 adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent increase in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP).
71881 adenylate cyclase-inhibiting adrenergic receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent decrease in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP).
71882 phospholipase C-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and a subsequent release of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG).
71883 activation of MAPK activity by adrenergic receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to its physiological ligand, followed by the activation of a MAP kinase.
71884 vitamin D receptor activator activity F Interacting (directly or indirectly) with vitamin D receptors such that the proportion of receptors in the active form is increased.
71885 N-terminal protein N-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) to the alpha-amino group of the N-terminal amino or imino acid residue of a protein substrate. For example, yeast Tae1p and mammalian family member METTL11A preferentially modify the N-terminal residue of substrates with the N-terminal sequence X-Pro-Lys, where X can be Pro, Ala, or Ser.
71886 1-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-2-amine binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the amine 1-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-2-amine, a serotonin receptor agonist that can act as a psychedelic drug.
71887 leukocyte apoptotic process P Any apoptotic process in a leukocyte, an achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue.
71888 macrophage apoptotic process P Any apoptotic process in a macrophage, a mononuclear phagocyte present in a variety of tissues.
71889 14-3-3 protein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a 14-3-3 protein. A 14-3-3 protein is any of a large family of approximately 30kDa acidic proteins which exist primarily as homo- and heterodimers within all eukaryotic cells, and have been implicated in the modulation of distinct biological processes by binding to specific phosphorylated sites on diverse target proteins, thereby forcing conformational changes or influencing interactions between their targets and other molecules. Each 14-3-3 protein sequence can be roughly divided into three sections: a divergent amino terminus, the conserved core region and a divergent carboxyl terminus. The conserved middle core region of the 14-3-3s encodes an amphipathic groove that forms the main functional domain, a cradle for interacting with client proteins.
71890 bicarbonate binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with bicarbonate (CHO3-) ions.
71891 N-terminal peptidyl-proline dimethylation involved in translation P An N-terminal peptidyl-proline dimethylation process that contributes to translation.
71892 thrombocyte activation P A cell activation process that occurs in thrombocytes and consists of a series of progressive, overlapping events including shape change, adhesiveness, and aggregation, which, when carried through to completion, lead to the formation of a stable hemostatic plug. Thrombocytes are nucleated cells found in non-mammalian vertebrates and are involved in hemostasis. They are the functional equivalent of the non-nucleated platelets found in mammals.
71893 BMP signaling pathway involved in nephric duct formation P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to nephric duct formation.
71894 histone H2B conserved C-terminal lysine ubiquitination P A histone ubiquitination process in which a ubiquitin monomer is added to a conserved lysine residue in the C-terminus of histone H2B. The conserved lysine residue is K119 in fission yeast, K123 in budding yeast, or K120 in mammals.
71895 odontoblast differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell of neural crest origin acquires the specialized features of an odontoblast, a cell on the outer surface of the dental pulp whose biological function is the creation of dentin.
71896 protein localization to adherens junction P Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained at the adherens junction.
71897 DNA biosynthetic process P The cellular DNA metabolic process resulting in the formation of DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long unbranched macromolecule formed from one or two strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides, the 3'-phosphate group of each constituent deoxyribonucleotide being joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage to the 5'-hydroxyl group of the deoxyribose moiety of the next one.
71898 regulation of estrogen receptor binding P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of estrogen receptor binding, interacting selectively with a an estrogen receptor.
71899 negative regulation of estrogen receptor binding P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of estrogen receptor binding, interacting selectively with an estrogen receptor.
71900 regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of protein serine/threonine kinase activity.
71901 negative regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein serine/threonine kinase activity.
71902 positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein serine/threonine kinase activity.
71903 protein N-linked N-acetylglucosaminylation via asparagine P A process of protein N-linked glycosylation via asparagine in which N-acetylglucosamine is added to the N4 of asparagine, forming an (S)-2-amino-4-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)amino-4-oxobutanoic acid residue.
71904 protein N-linked N-acetylgalactosaminylation via asparagine P A process of protein N-linked glycosylation via asparagine in which N-acetylgalactosamine is added to the N4 of asparagine, forming an (S)-2-amino-4-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)amino-4-oxobutanoic acid residue.
71905 protein N-linked glucosylation via asparagine P A process of protein N-linked glycosylation via asparagine in which glucose is added to the N4 of asparagine, forming an (S)-2-amino-4-(D-glucopyranosyl)amino-4-oxobutanoic acid residue.
71906 CRD domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a CRD (context dependent regulatory) domain, a domain of about 130 residues that is the most divergent region among the LEF/TCF proteins.
71907 determination of digestive tract left/right asymmetry P Determination of the asymmetric location of various parts of the digestive tract with respect to the left and right halves of the organism. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed.
71908 determination of intestine left/right asymmetry P Determination of the asymmetric location of the intestine loops with respect to the left and right halves of the organism.
71909 determination of stomach left/right asymmetry P Determination of the asymmetric location of the stomach with respect to the left and right halves of the organism.
71910 determination of liver left/right asymmetry P Determination of the asymmetric location of the liver with respect to the left and right halves of the organism.
71911 synchronous neurotransmitter secretion P Release of neurotransmitter at the synapse that lasts for just a few milliseconds after action potential invasion.
71912 asynchronous neurotransmitter secretion P Release of neurotransmitter at the synapse that persists for tens to hundreds of milliseconds after action potential invasion.
71913 citrate secondary active transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of citrate from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Chemiosmotic sources of energy include uniport, symport or antiport.
71914 prominosome C An extracellular membrane-bounded vesicle that contains prominin proteins (in mouse Prom1/CD33 or Prom2) and are found in body fluids including ventricular fluid, saliva, urine and seminal fluid. In the ventricular fluid of the developing mouse brain two major classes of these particles have been observed (P2 particles of 500-1000 nm and P4 particles of 50-80 nm) which likely originate from microvilli, primary cilia and/or the midbody of neuroepithelial cells. The physiological role is not known.
71915 protein-lysine lysylation P The addition of lysine group to a lysine residue in a protein, producing N6-(lysyl)-L-lysine. This modification is observed in, and is probably unique to, translation elongation factor P (EF-P).
71916 dipeptide transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of a dipeptide across a membrane into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. A dipeptide is a combination of two amino acids linked together by a peptide (-CO-NH-) bond.
71917 triose-phosphate transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a triose phosphate from one side of a membrane to the other.
71918 urea transmembrane transport P The process in which urea, the water-soluble compound H2N-CO-NH2, is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
71919 G-quadruplex DNA formation P A DNA metabolic process that results in the formation of G-quadruplex DNA structures, in which groups of four guanines adopt a flat, cyclic Hoogsteen hydrogen-bonding arrangement known as a guanine tetrad or G-quartet. The stacking of several layers of G-quartets forms G-quadruplexes, in which one or more DNA single strands are assembled in parallel and/or antiparallel, with interactions that can be either intra- or intermolecular in nature.
71920 cleavage body C A nuclear body that contains proteins involved in pre-mRNA 3'-end cleavage and polyadenylation, such as DDX1, CSTF2 and CPSFs, as well as the transcription factors TFIIE and TFIIF. Cleavage bodies are localized adjacent to Cajal bodies and are involved in mRNA3'-end processing.
71921 cohesin loading P The protein localization to chromatin by which a cohesin ring complex is topologically linked to DNA.
71922 regulation of cohesin loading P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process in which a cohesin complex is transported to, or maintained at, a part of a chromosome that is organized into chromatin.
71923 negative regulation of cohesin loading P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process in which a cohesin complex is transported to, or maintained at, a part of a chromosome that is organized into chromatin.
71924 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22 production P The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22 (CCL22) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
71925 thymic stromal lymphopoietin production P The appearance of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
71926 endocannabinoid signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an endocannabinoid binding to a cell surface receptor. The pathway proceeds with the receptor transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Endocannabinoids are small molecules derived from arachidonic acid, anandamide (arachidonoylethanolamide) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol.
71927 octopamine signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of octopamine binding to a cell surface receptor.
71928 tyramine signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of tyramine binding to a cell surface receptor.
71929 alpha-tubulin acetylation P The addition of an acetyl group to the lysine 40 residue of alpha-tubulin.
71930 negative regulation of transcription involved in G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle P Any process that stop, prevents or decreases transcription as part of the G1/S transition of the mitotic cell cycle.
71931 positive regulation of transcription involved in G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle P Any process that activates or increases transcription as part of the G1/S transition of the mitotic cell cycle.
71932 replication fork reversal P Replication fork processing that involves the unwinding of blocked forks to form four-stranded structures resembling Holliday junctions, which are subsequently resolved.
71933 Arp2/3 complex binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an Arp2/3 complex, a protein complex that contains two actin-related proteins, Arp2 and Arp3, and five novel proteins (ARPC1-5).
71934 thiamine transmembrane transport P The directed movement of thiamine across a membrane into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Thiamine is vitamin B1, a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver.
71935 octopamine signaling pathway involved in response to food P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of octopamine to a receptor on the surface of the target cell that contributes to a response to a food stimulus.
71936 coreceptor activity involved in Wnt signaling pathway F In cooperation with a primary Wnt receptor, initiating a change in cell activity through the Wnt signaling pathway.
71938 vitamin A transport P The directed movement any form of vitamin A into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Vitamin A is any of several retinoid derivatives of beta-carotene, primarily retinol, retinal, or retinoic acid.
71939 vitamin A import P The directed movement of vitamin A into a cell or organelle. Vitamin A is any of several retinoid derivatives of beta-carotene, primarily retinol, retinal, or retinoic acid.
71940 fungal-type cell wall assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a fungal-type cell wall.
71941 nitrogen cycle metabolic process P A nitrogen compound metabolic process that contributes to the nitrogen cycle. The nitrogen cycle is a series of metabolic pathways by which nitrogen is converted between various forms and redox states; it encompasses pathways in which nitrogen is acted upon directly, such as nitrification, denitrification, nitrogen fixation, and mineralization.
71942 XPC complex C A nucleotide-excision repair complex that is involved in damage sensing during global genome nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER). It is part of the pre-incision (or initial recognition) complex bound to sites of DNA damage. In human, it is composed of XPC, RAD23B and CETN2.
71943 Myc-Max complex C A transcription factor complex that consists of a heterodimer of the bHLH-ZIP proteins Myc and Max.
71944 cell periphery C The part of a cell encompassing the cell cortex, the plasma membrane, and any external encapsulating structures.
71945 regulation of bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility by regulation of motor speed P A process that modulates flagellum-dependent motility in bacteria by modulating the speed or direction of rotation of a rotary flagellar motor, mediated by interactions between the braking protein.
71946 cis-acting DNA replication termination P A DNA replication termination process that is initiated by protein binding to a binding site on the same chromosome, but remote from the termination site, via DNA looping or chromosome kissing.
71947 protein deubiquitination involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process P The removal of one or more ubiquitin groups from a protein as part of a process of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism.
71948 activation-induced B cell apoptotic process P B cell apoptotic process that occurs upon engagement of either the B cell receptor or CD40. Engagement of either receptor, but not both, leads to expression of fas or related receptors that make the B cell susceptible to fas-ligand mediated death.
71949 FAD binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the oxidized form, FAD, of flavin-adenine dinucleotide, the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes.
71950 FADH2 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the reduced form, FADH2, of flavin-adenine dinucleotide, the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes.
71951 conversion of methionyl-tRNA to N-formyl-methionyl-tRNA P The modification process that results in the conversion of methionine charged on a tRNA(fMet) to N-formyl-methionine-tRNA(fMet).
71952 conversion of O-phosphoseryl-tRNA to cysteinyl-tRNA P The modification process that results in the conversion of O-phosphoserine charged on a tRNA(Cys) to cysteinyl-tRNA.
71953 elastic fiber C An extracellular matrix part that consists of an insoluble core of polymerized tropoelastin monomers and a surrounding mantle of microfibrils. Elastic fibers provide elasticity and recoiling to tissues and organs, and maintain structural integrity against mechanical strain.
71954 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 11 production P The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 11 (CCL11, also known as eotaxin-1) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
71955 recycling endosome to Golgi transport P The directed movement of substances from recycling endosomes to the Golgi.
71957 old mitotic spindle pole body C The spindle pole body that exists in a cell prior to spindle pole body duplication. An old spindle pole body segregates to the daughter cell upon mitosis, and lacks active proteins involved in signaling exit from mitosis.
71958 new mitotic spindle pole body C The spindle pole body that is formed by spindle pole body duplication, and to which proteins involved in mitotic exit signaling (for example, the septation initiation network in fission yeast) localize.
71959 maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, arms P The process in which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome along the length of the chromosome arms, is maintained as chromosomes condense, attach to the spindle in a bipolar orientation, and congress to the metaphase plate during a mitotic cell cycle.
71960 maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, centromeric P The process in which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome along the length of the centromeric region is maintained as chromosomes condense, attach to the spindle in a bipolar orientation, and congress to the metaphase plate during a mitotic cell cycle.
71961 mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, arms P The cell cycle process in which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the length of the chromosome arms during mitosis.
71962 mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, centromeric P The cell cycle process in which centromeres of sister chromatids are joined during mitosis.
71963 establishment or maintenance of cell polarity regulating cell shape P Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of a polarized intracellular organization or cell growth patterns that regulate the shape of a cell.
71964 establishment of cell polarity regulating cell shape P Any cellular process that results in the specification or formation of a polarized intracellular organization or cell growth pattern that regulates the shape of a cell.
71965 multicellular organismal locomotion P Locomotion in a multicellular organism, i.e. self-propelled movement of a multicellular organism from one location to another.
71966 fungal-type cell wall polysaccharide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving the polysaccharides which make up the fungal-type cell wall.
71967 lipopolysaccharide core heptosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glucosyl-heptosyl2-KDO2-lipid A-phosphate + ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose = glucosyl-heptosyl3-KDO2-lipid A-phosphate + ADP + H+.
71968 lipid A-core heptosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: galactosyl-glucosyl3-heptosyl3-KDO2-lipid A-bisphosphate + ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose = lipid A-core + ADP + H+.
71969 fungal-type cell wall (1->3)-beta-D-glucan metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of fungi.
71970 fungal-type cell wall (1->3)-beta-D-glucan biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in fungal cell walls.
71971 extracellular exosome assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an extracellular vesicular exosome, a membrane-bounded vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane.
71972 peptidoglycan L,D-transpeptidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 a peptidoglycan dimer (tetrapeptide) + 3 H2O = a peptidoglycan tetramer with L,D cross-links (L-Lys-D-Asn-L-Lys) + di-trans,poly-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate + 4 D-alanine.
71973 bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility P Cell motility due to the motion of one or more bacterial-type flagella. A bacterial-type flagellum is a motor complex composed of an extracellular helical protein filament coupled to a rotary motor embedded in the cell envelope.
71975 cell swimming P Cell motility that results in the smooth movement of a cell through a liquid medium.
71976 cell gliding P Cell motility that results in the smooth movement of a cell along a solid surface.
71977 bacterial-type flagellum-dependent swimming motility P Bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility that results in the smooth movement of a cell through a liquid medium.
71978 bacterial-type flagellum-dependent swarming motility P Bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility in which the action of numerous flagella results in the smooth movement of a group of cells along a solid surface. Swarming motility is observed in groups of bacteria.
71979 cytoskeleton-mediated cell swimming P Cell motility in which contractile cytoskeletal elements alter cell shape, resulting in the smooth movement of a cell through a liquid medium.
71980 cell surface adhesin-mediated gliding motility P Cell gliding that results from the actions of cell surface adhesin proteins that are propelled by membrane motor proteins.
71981 exit from diapause P The dormancy process that results in exit from diapause. Diapause is a neurohormonally mediated, dynamic state of low metabolic activity. Associated characteristics of this form of dormancy include reduced morphogenesis, increased resistance to environmental extremes, and altered or reduced behavioral activity. Full expression develops in a species-specific manner, usually in response to a number of environmental stimuli that precede unfavorable conditions. Once diapause has begun, metabolic activity is suppressed even if conditions favorable for development prevail. Once initiated, only certain stimuli are capable of releasing the organism from this state, and this characteristic is essential in distinguishing diapause from hibernation.
71982 maintenance of diapause P The dormancy process that results an organism remaining in diapause. Diapause is a neurohormonally mediated, dynamic state of low metabolic activity. Associated characteristics of this form of dormancy include reduced morphogenesis, increased resistance to environmental extremes, and altered or reduced behavioral activity. Full expression develops in a species-specific manner, usually in response to a number of environmental stimuli that precede unfavorable conditions. Once diapause has begun, metabolic activity is suppressed even if conditions favorable for development prevail. Once initiated, only certain stimuli are capable of releasing the organism from this state, and this characteristic is essential in distinguishing diapause from hibernation.
71983 exit from reproductive diapause P The dormancy process that results in exit from reproductive diapause. Reproductive diapause is a form of diapause where the organism itself will remain fully active, including feeding and other routine activities, but the reproductive organs experience a tissue-specific reduction in metabolism, with characteristic triggering and releasing stimuli.
71984 maintenance of reproductive diapause P The dormancy process that results an organism remaining in reproductive diapause. Reproductive diapause is a form of diapause where the organism itself will remain fully active, including feeding and other routine activities, but the reproductive organs experience a tissue-specific reduction in metabolism, with characteristic triggering and releasing stimuli.
71985 multivesicular body sorting pathway P A vesicle-mediated transport process in which transmembrane proteins are ubiquitylated to facilitate their entry into luminal vesicles of multivesicular bodies (MVBs); upon subsequent fusion of MVBs with lysosomes or vacuoles, the cargo proteins are degraded.
71986 Ragulator complex C A protein complex that contains MAPKSP1 (MP1, Map2k1ip1), ROBLD3 (p14, Mapbpip), C11orf59 (p18), LAMTOR4 and LAMTOR5. The complex is anchored to lipid rafts in late endosome membranes via C11orf59, recruits mTORC1 to lysosomal membranes in amino acid signaling to mTORC1, constitutes a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for the Rag GTPases, and is also involved in ERK/MAPK signaling.
71987 WD40-repeat domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a WD40 repeat domain of a protein. The WD40 repeat is a short structural motif of approximately 40 amino acids, often terminating in a tryptophan-aspartic acid (W-D) dipeptide. Several of these repeats are combined to form a type of protein domain called the WD domain.
71988 protein localization to spindle pole body P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the spindle pole body.
71989 establishment of protein localization to spindle pole body P The directed movement of a protein to a specific location at the spindle pole body.
71990 maintenance of protein location to spindle pole body P Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location at the spindle pole body, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.
71991 phytochelatin transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of a phytochelatin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Phytochelatins are a group of peptides that bind metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg) in thiolate coordination complexes.
71992 phytochelatin transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of a phytochelatin across a membrane into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Phytochelatins are a group of peptides that bind metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg) in thiolate coordination complexes.
71993 phytochelatin transport P The directed movement of a phytochelatin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Phytochelatins are a group of peptides that bind metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg) in thiolate coordination complexes.
71994 phytochelatin transmembrane transport P The directed movement of a phytochelatin across a membrane into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Phytochelatins are a group of peptides that bind metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg) in thiolate coordination complexes.
71995 phytochelatin import into vacuole P The directed movement of phytochelatins into the vacuole. Phytochelatins are a group of peptides that bind metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg) in thiolate coordination complexes.
71996 glutathione transmembrane import into vacuole P The directed movement of glutathione into the vacuole across the vacuolar membrane.
71997 glutathione S-conjugate-transporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to directly drive the transport of glutathione S-conjugate across a membrane.
71998 ascospore release from ascus P A developmental process that results in the discharge of ascospores from the ascus. Ascospore release may be active or passive.
71999 extracellular polysaccharide catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polysaccharides used in extracellular structures.
72000 extracellular polysaccharide catabolic process involved in ascospore release from ascus P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polysaccharides in the ascus wall that contributes to the release of ascospores from the ascus.
72001 renal system development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The renal system maintains fluid balance and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels.
72002 Malpighian tubule development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the Malpighian tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A Malpighian tubule is a fine, thin-walled excretory tubule in insects which leads into the posterior part of the gut.
72003 kidney rudiment formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a kidney rudiment from unspecified parts. A kidney is an organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.
72004 kidney field specification P The process that results in the delineation of regions of the embryo into the area in which the kidney rudiment will develop.
72005 maintenance of kidney identity P The process in which the identity of a kidney is maintained. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
72006 nephron development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nephron over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A nephron is the functional unit of the kidney.
72007 mesangial cell differentiation P The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesangial cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
72008 glomerular mesangial cell differentiation P The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the glomerular mesangial cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
72009 nephron epithelium development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nephron epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure. The nephron epithelium is a tissue that covers the surface of a nephron.
72010 glomerular epithelium development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the glomerular epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The glomerular epithelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the outer surfaces of the glomerulus. The glomerular epithelium consists of both parietal and visceral epithelium. Metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport. A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains "feet" that interdigitate with the "feet" of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros.
72011 glomerular endothelium development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the glomerular endothelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The glomerular endothelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the internal surfaces of the glomerulus.
72012 glomerulus vasculature development P The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerulus vasculature from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the glomerulus vasculature and ends with the mature structure. The glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the glomerulus.
72013 glomus development P The progression of the glomus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The glomus forms from the splanchnic intermediate mesoderm and is the vascularized filtration unit, filtering the blood before it enters the tubules. The glomus is external to the nephron and extends over more than one body segment.
72014 proximal tubule development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the proximal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the proximal tubule is a nephron tubule that connects Bowman's capsule to the descending thin limb of the loop of Henle. It has a brush border epithelial morphology.
72015 glomerular visceral epithelial cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular visceral epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains "feet" that interdigitate with the "feet" of other glomerular epithelial cells.
72016 glomerular parietal epithelial cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular parietal epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport.
72017 distal tubule development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the distal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the distal tubule is a nephron tubule that begins at the macula densa and extends to the connecting tubule.
72019 proximal convoluted tubule development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the proximal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The proximal convoluted tubule is the most proximal portion of the proximal tubule and extends from the glomerular capsule to the proximal straight tubule.
72020 proximal straight tubule development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the proximal straight tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The proximal straight tubule is the part of the descending limb that extends from the proximal convoluted tubule to the descending thin tubule.
72021 ascending thin limb development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an ascending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ascending thin limb is a segment of a nephron tubule lying in the inner medulla that is permeable to ions but not to water and has a simple epithelium; active transepithelial solute transport is absent.
72022 descending thin limb development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the descending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The descending thin limb is a part of the loop of Henle situated just after the proximal straight tubule (S3). It extends to the tip of the loop of Henle.
72023 thick ascending limb development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the thick ascending limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The thick ascending limb is the last part of the loop of Henle. Its thick, mitochondria-rich epithelium characterizes the outer medulla, and is responsible for very avid active salt transport. At the macula densa, the thick ascending limb connects to the distal convoluted tubule.
72024 macula densa development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the macula densa over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The macula densa is an area of specialized cells in the distal tubule that makes contact with the vascular pole of the glomerulus.
72025 distal convoluted tubule development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the distal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The distal convoluted tubule is the first segment of the nephron lying just downstream from the loop of Henle, immediately after the macula densa. Among other functions, in humans it is responsible for the reabsorption of about 5% of filtered sodium via the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl symporter.
72027 connecting tubule development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the connecting tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The connecting tubule is a tubular segment of the nephron; it connects the distal convoluted tubule to the collecting duct.
72028 nephron morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the nephron are generated and organized. A nephron is the functional unit of the kidney.
72029 long nephron development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a long nephron over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Long nephrons are associated with juxtamedullary glomeruli and extend into the inner medulla.
72030 short nephron development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a short nephron over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Short nephrons are associated with mid-cortical and superficial glomeruli, are situated entirely in the outer medulla, and have no thin ascending limb.
72031 proximal convoluted tubule segment 1 development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the S1 portion of the proximal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The S1 portion is the initial portion of the proximal convoluted tubule and is responsible for avid reabsorption of water and solutes.
72032 proximal convoluted tubule segment 2 development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the S2 portion of the proximal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The S2 portion of the tubule is involved in reabsorption of water and sodium chloride.
72033 renal vesicle formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the renal vesicle from condensed mesenchymal cells. The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells.
72034 renal vesicle induction P Signaling at short range between cells of the ureteric bud terminus and the kidney mesenchyme that positively regulates the formation of the renal vesicle.
72035 pre-tubular aggregate formation P The cell adhesion process in which mesenchyme cells adhere to one another in the initial stages of the formation of the pre-tubular aggregate, the earliest recognizable structure of the kidney.
72036 mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in renal vesicle formation P A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the renal vesicle.
72037 mesenchymal stem cell differentiation involved in nephron morphogenesis P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal stem cell that contributes to the shaping of a nephron. A mesenchymal stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized mesenchymal cells.
72038 mesenchymal stem cell maintenance involved in nephron morphogenesis P The process in which an organism retains a population of mesenchymal stem cells that contributes to the shaping of a nephron. A mesenchymal stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized mesenchymal cells.
72039 regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in nephron morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of mesenchymal stem cell death by apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the nephron.
72040 negative regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in nephron morphogenesis P Any process that reduces the occurrence or rate of mesenchymal stem cell death by apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the nephron.
72041 positive regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in nephron morphogenesis P Any process that increases the occurrence or rate of mesenchymal stem cell death by apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the nephron.
72042 regulation of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation involved in nephron morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and contributes to the shaping of a nephron.
72043 regulation of pre-tubular aggregate formation by cell-cell signaling P Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of pre-tubular aggregate formation. Pre-tubular aggregate formation is the cell adhesion process in which mesenchymal cells adhere to one another in the initial stages of the formation of the pre-tubular aggregate, the earliest recognizable structure of the kidney.
72044 collecting duct development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a collecting duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The collecting duct responds to vasopressin and aldosterone to regulate water, electrolyte and acid-base balance. It is the final common path through which urine flows before entering the ureter and then emptying into the bladder.
72045 convergent extension involved in nephron morphogenesis P The morphogenetic process in which the renal epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis that contributes to the shaping of a nephron.
72046 establishment of planar polarity involved in nephron morphogenesis P Coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of an epithelium that contributes to the shaping of a nephron.
72047 proximal/distal pattern formation involved in nephron development P The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along a proximal/distal axis of a nephron. The proximal/distal axis is defined by a line that runs from the center of the kidney (proximal end) outward (distal end).
72048 renal system pattern specification P Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within an organism to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate into the anatomical structures of the renal system.
72049 comma-shaped body morphogenesis P The process in which the comma-shaped body is generated and organized. The comma-shaped body is the precursor structure to the S-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of the nephron.
72050 S-shaped body morphogenesis P The process in which the S-shaped body is generated and organized. The S-shaped body is the successor of the comma-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of the nephron.
72051 juxtaglomerular apparatus development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the juxtaglomerular apparatus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The juxtaglomerular apparatus is an anatomical structure that lies adjacent to the glomerulus and regulates kidney function.
72052 juxtaglomerulus cell differentiation P The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the juxtaglomerulus cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
72053 renal inner medulla development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal inner medulla over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The renal inner medulla is unique to mammalian kidneys and is the innermost region of the mammalian kidney.
72054 renal outer medulla development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal outer medulla over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The renal outer medulla is the region of the kidney that lies between the renal cortex and the renal inner medulla.
72055 renal cortex development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal cortex over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney.
72056 pyramid development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the kidney pyramids over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Kidney pyramids are the conical masses that constitute the renal medulla in a multi-lobed mammalian kidney; they contain the loops of Henle and the medullary collecting ducts.
72057 inner stripe development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inner stripe over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The inner stripe is a deep, centrally located portion of the renal outer medulla and is traversed by thin descending and thick ascending portions of the loops of Henle.
72058 outer stripe development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the outer stripe over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The outer stripe is the region of the kidney outer medulla that lies just below the cortex. The proximal straight tubules (S3) characterize this region.
72059 cortical collecting duct development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cortical collecting duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cortical collecting duct is the portion of the collecting duct that resides in the renal cortex.
72060 outer medullary collecting duct development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the outer medullary collecting duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The outer medullary collecting duct is the portion of the collecting duct that lies in the renal outer medulla.
72061 inner medullary collecting duct development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inner medullary collecting duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The inner medullary collecting duct is the portion of the collecting duct that lies in the renal inner medulla.
72062 proximal convoluted tubule segment 1 cell differentiation P The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the S1 cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
72063 short descending thin limb development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the short descending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The short descending thin limb is the descending thin limb of a short nephron that has a squamous epithelial morphology.
72064 long descending thin limb development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the long descending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The long descending thin limb is the descending thin limb of a long nephron that has a squamous epithelial morphology. The long descending limb starts in the inner stripe of the outer medulla and extends into the inner medulla.
72065 long descending thin limb bend development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the long descending thin limb bend over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The long descending thin limb bend is a part of the descending thin limb of a long nephron that lies beyond the prebend segment.
72066 prebend segment development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the prebend segment over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The prebend segment is a part of the descending thin limb that lies before the bend and exhibits permeabilities characteristic of the ascending limb, especially negligible water permeability.
72067 early distal convoluted tubule development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the early distal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The early distal convoluted tubule contains DCT cells and is vasopressin-insensitive.
72068 late distal convoluted tubule development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the late distal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The late distal convoluted tubule contains DCT cells and intercalated (IC) alpha and beta cells and is vasopressin-sensitive.
72069 DCT cell differentiation P The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the distal convoluted tubule cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
72070 loop of Henle development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the loop of Henle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The loop of Henle is a nephron tubule that connects the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule.
72071 kidney interstitial fibroblast differentiation P The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the interstitial fibroblast of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
72072 kidney stroma development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the kidney stroma over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The kidney stroma is the mesenchyme of the mature kidney.
72073 kidney epithelium development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelium in the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure.
72074 kidney mesenchyme development P The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a kidney mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of kidney mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. Kidney mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the kidney.
72075 metanephric mesenchyme development P The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of metanephric mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. Metanephric mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the metanephros.
72076 nephrogenic mesenchyme development P The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a nephrogenic mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of nephrogenic mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. Nephrogenic mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the nephron.
72077 renal vesicle morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the renal vesicle are generated and organized. The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells.
72078 nephron tubule morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of a nephron tubule are generated and organized. A nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the nephron, the functional part of the kidney.
72079 nephron tubule formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a nephron tubule from unspecified parts. A nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the nephron, the functional part of the kidney.
72080 nephron tubule development P The progression of a nephron tubule over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. A nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the nephron, the functional part of the kidney.
72081 specification of nephron tubule identity P The process in which the tubules arranged along the proximal/distal axis of the nephron acquire their identity.
72082 specification of proximal tubule identity P The process in which the proximal tubule of the kidney nephron acquires its identity.
72084 specification of distal tubule identity P The process in which the distal tubule of the kidney nephron acquires its identity.
72085 specification of connecting tubule identity P The process in which the connecting tubule of the kidney nephron acquires its identity.
72086 specification of loop of Henle identity P The process in which the loop of Henle of the kidney nephron acquires its identity.
72087 renal vesicle development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal vesicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure. The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells.
72088 nephron epithelium morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the nephron epithelium are generated and organized. The nephron epithelium is a tissue that covers the surface of a nephron.
72089 stem cell proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of stem cells, resulting in the expansion of a stem cell population. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.
72090 mesenchymal stem cell proliferation involved in nephron morphogenesis P The multiplication or reproduction of mesenchymal stem cells, resulting in the expansion of a stem cell population, that contributes to the shaping of a nephron.
72091 regulation of stem cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell proliferation. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.
72092 ureteric bud invasion P The process in which the ureteric bud grows along its axis and contributes to the formation of the metanephros.
72093 metanephric renal vesicle formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the metanephros.
72094 metanephric renal vesicle induction P Signaling at short range between cells of the ureteric bud terminus and the kidney mesenchyme that positively regulates the formation of the metanephric renal vesicle.
72095 regulation of branch elongation involved in ureteric bud branching P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of branch elongation involved in ureteric bud branching, the growth of a branch of the ureteric bud along its axis.
72096 negative regulation of branch elongation involved in ureteric bud branching P Any process that reduces the frequency, rate or extent of branch elongation involved in ureteric bud branching, the growth of a branch of the ureteric bud along its axis.
72097 negative regulation of branch elongation involved in ureteric bud branching by BMP signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of any member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family binding to a cell surface receptor resulting in the reduction of the frequency, rate or extent of branch elongation involved in ureteric bud branching, the growth of a branch of the ureteric bud along its axis.
72098 anterior/posterior pattern specification involved in kidney development P The developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the kidney along the anterior/posterior axis to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.
72099 anterior/posterior pattern specification involved in ureteric bud development P The developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the ureteric bud along the anterior/posterior axis to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.
72100 specification of ureteric bud anterior/posterior symmetry P The establishment of the ureteric bud such that there is a similar arrangement in form and relationship of parts along its anterior/posterior axis.
72101 specification of ureteric bud anterior/posterior symmetry by BMP signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of any member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family binding to a cell surface receptor that results in the establishment of the ureteric bud such that there is a similar arrangement in form and relationship of parts along its anterior/posterior axis.
72102 glomerulus morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the glomerulus are generated and organized. The glomerulus is a capillary tuft surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney.
72103 glomerulus vasculature morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the glomerulus vasculature are generated and organized. The glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the glomerulus.
72104 glomerular capillary formation P The process that gives rise to a glomerular capillary. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
72105 ureteric peristalsis P A wavelike sequence of involuntary muscular contraction and relaxation that passes along the ureter, impelling the contents onwards. The ureter is one of a pair of thick-walled tubes that transports urine from the kidney pelvis to the urinary bladder.
72106 regulation of ureteric bud formation P Any process that modulates the developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the ureteric bud from the Wolffian duct.
72107 positive regulation of ureteric bud formation P Any process that increases the rate or extent of the developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the ureteric bud from the Wolffian duct.
72108 positive regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity, forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the metanephros.
72109 glomerular mesangium development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the glomerular mesangium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The glomerular mesangium is the thin membrane connective tissue composed of mesangial cells, which helps to support the capillary loops in a renal glomerulus.
72110 glomerular mesangial cell proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of glomerular mesangial cells, resulting in the expansion of the population.
72111 cell proliferation involved in kidney development P The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of the population in the kidney.
72112 glomerular visceral epithelial cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glomerular visceral epithelial cell. A glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains "feet" that interdigitate with the "feet" of other glomerular epithelial cells.
72113 head kidney development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the head kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The head kidney is a pronephros that consists of fused bilateral lobes located in the anterior part of the kidney. It is analogous to the mammalian bone marrow and the primary site of definitive hematopoiesis.
72114 pronephros morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the pronephros are generated and organized. In mammals, the pronephros is the first of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the pronephros is the fully functional embryonic kidney and is indispensable for larval life.
72115 head kidney morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the head kidney are generated and organized. The head kidney is a pronephros that consists of fused bilateral lobes located in the anterior part of the kidney.
72116 pronephros formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the pronephros. In mammals, the pronephros is the first of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the pronephros is the fully functional embryonic kidney and is indispensable for larval life.
72117 head kidney formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the head kidney. The head kidney is a pronephros that consists of fused bilateral lobes located in the anterior part of the kidney.
72118 pronephros structural organization P The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the pronephros. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. In mammals, the pronephros is the first of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the pronephros is the fully functional embryonic kidney and is indispensable for larval life.
72119 head kidney structural organization P The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the head kidney. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The head kidney is a pronephros that consists of fused bilateral lobes located in the anterior part of the kidney.
72120 pronephros maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the pronephros to attain its fully functional state. In mammals, the pronephros is the first of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the pronephros is the fully functional embryonic kidney and is indispensable for larval life.
72121 head kidney maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the head kidney to attain its fully functional state. The head kidney is a pronephros that consists of fused bilateral lobes located in the anterior part of the kidney.
72122 extraglomerular mesangial cell proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of extraglomerular glomerular mesangium cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Extraglomerular mesangial cells (also known as lacis cells, Goormaghtigh cells) are light-staining cells in the kidney found outside the glomerulus, near the vascular pole and macula densa.
72123 intraglomerular mesangial cell proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of intraglomerular glomerular mesangium cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Intraglomerular mesangial cells are specialized pericytes located among the glomerular capillaries within a renal corpuscle of a kidney. They are required for filtration, structural support and phagocytosis.
72124 regulation of glomerular mesangial cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular mesangial cell proliferation.
72125 negative regulation of glomerular mesangial cell proliferation P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular mesangial cell proliferation.
72126 positive regulation of glomerular mesangial cell proliferation P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular mesangial cell proliferation.
72127 renal capsule development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal capsule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The renal capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the kidney, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage. During development, it comprises a single layer of flattened cells that lie just above the cortical stroma and the condensed mesenchyme of the nephrogenic zone. It is in this region that the early stages of nephron induction and formation of new generations ureteric bud branches occur, as the kidney expands.
72128 renal capsule morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the renal capsule are generated and organized. The renal capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the kidney, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage. During development, it comprises a single layer of flattened cells that lie just above the cortical stroma and the condensed mesenchyme of the nephrogenic zone. It is in this region that the early stages of nephron induction and formation of new generations ureteric bud branches occur, as the kidney expands.
72129 renal capsule formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a renal capsule from unspecified parts. The renal capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the kidney, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage. During development, it comprises a single layer of flattened cells that lie just above the cortical stroma and the condensed mesenchyme of the nephrogenic zone. It is in this region that the early stages of nephron induction and formation of new generations ureteric bud branches occur, as the kidney expands.
72130 renal capsule specification P The regionalization process in which the identity of the renal capsule is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
72131 kidney mesenchyme morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of a kidney mesenchymal tissue are generated and organized. Kidney mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the kidney.
72132 mesenchyme morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of a mesenchymal tissue are generated and organized. A mesenchymal tissue is made up of loosely packed stellate cells.
72133 metanephric mesenchyme morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of a metanephric mesenchymal tissue are generated and organized. Metanephric mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the metanephros.
72134 nephrogenic mesenchyme morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of a nephrogenic mesenchymal tissue are generated and organized. Nephrogenic mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the nephron.
72135 kidney mesenchymal cell proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population in the kidney.
72136 metanephric mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in metanephros development P The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a metanephric mesenchymal cell population.
72137 condensed mesenchymal cell proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a condensed mesenchymal cell population. A condensed mesenchymal cell population is a population of adherent mesenchymal cells.
72138 mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in ureteric bud development P The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population of the ureteric bud, that contributes to ureteric bud development.
72139 glomerular parietal epithelial cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glomerular parietal epithelial cell. Glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport.
72140 DCT cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a distal convoluted tubule cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
72141 renal interstitial fibroblast development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a renal interstitial fibroblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
72142 juxtaglomerulus cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a juxtaglomerulus cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
72143 mesangial cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesangial cell in the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
72144 glomerular mesangial cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular mesangial cell in the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
72145 proximal convoluted tubule segment 1 cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an S1 cell in the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
72146 DCT cell fate commitment P The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a distal convoluted tubule cell.
72147 glomerular parietal epithelial cell fate commitment P The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a glomerular parietal epithelial cell. Glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport. These cells may also give rise to podocytes.
72148 epithelial cell fate commitment P The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an epithelial cell.
72149 glomerular visceral epithelial cell fate commitment P The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a glomerular visceral epithelial cell. A glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains "feet" that interdigitate with the "feet" of other glomerular epithelial cells.
72150 juxtaglomerulus cell fate commitment P The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a juxtaglomerulus cell.
72151 mesangial cell fate commitment P The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a mesangial cell.
72152 glomerular mesangial cell fate commitment P The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a glomerular mesangial cell.
72153 renal interstitial fibroblast fate commitment P The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a renal fibroblast.
72154 proximal convoluted tubule segment 1 cell fate commitment P The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an S1 cell in the kidney.
72155 epithelial cell migration involved in nephron tubule morphogenesis P The orderly movement of epithelial cells within a renal tubule that contributes to nephron tubule morphogenesis.
72156 distal tubule morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of a distal tubule are generated and organized. The distal tubule is a nephron tubule that begins at the macula densa and extends to the connecting tubule.
72157 epithelial cell migration involved in distal tubule morphogenesis P The orderly movement of epithelial cells within a renal tubule that contributes to distal tubule morphogenesis.
72158 proximal tubule morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of a proximal tubule are generated and organized. The proximal tubule is a nephron tubule that connects Bowman's capsule to the descending thin limb of the loop of Henle. It has a brush border epithelial morphology.
72159 epithelial cell migration involved in proximal tubule morphogenesis P The orderly movement of epithelial cells within a renal tubule that contributes to proximal tubule morphogenesis.
72160 nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation P The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the nephron tubule as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
72161 mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in kidney development P The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesenchymal cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
72162 metanephric mesenchymal cell differentiation P The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesenchymal cells of the metanephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
72163 mesonephric epithelium development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelium in the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure.
72164 mesonephric tubule development P The progression of a mesonephric tubule over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. A mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros.
72165 anterior mesonephric tubule development P The progression of the anterior mesonephric tubule over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The anterior mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros.
72166 posterior mesonephric tubule development P The progression of the posterior mesonephric tubule over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The posterior mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros.
72167 specification of mesonephric tubule identity P The process in which the tubules of the mesonephros acquire their identity.
72168 specification of anterior mesonephric tubule identity P The process in which the tubules of the anterior mesonephros acquire their identity.
72169 specification of posterior mesonephric tubule identity P The process in which the tubules of the posterior mesonephros acquire their identity.
72170 metanephric tubule development P The progression of a metanephric tubule over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. A metanephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the metanephros.
72171 mesonephric tubule morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of a mesonephric tubule are generated and organized. A mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros.
72172 mesonephric tubule formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a mesonephric tubule from unspecified parts. A mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros.
72173 metanephric tubule morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of a metanephric tubule are generated and organized from an epithelium. A metanephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the metanephros.
72174 metanephric tubule formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a metanephric tubule.
72175 epithelial tube formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an epithelial tube.
72176 nephric duct development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a nephric duct over time, from its initial formation to a mature structure. A nephric duct is a tube that drains a primitive kidney.
72177 mesonephric duct development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesonephric duct over time, from its initial formation to a mature structure. A mesonephric duct is a tube drains the mesonephros.
72178 nephric duct morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the nephric duct are generated and organized. A nephric duct is a tube that drains a primitive kidney.
72179 nephric duct formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a nephric duct. A nephric duct is a tube that drains a primitive kidney.
72180 mesonephric duct morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesonephric duct are generated and organized. A mesonephric duct is a tube drains the mesonephros.
72181 mesonephric duct formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a mesonephric duct. A mesonephric duct is a tube that drains the mesonephros.
72182 regulation of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation.
72183 negative regulation of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation.
72184 renal vesicle progenitor cell differentiation P The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the renal vesicle progenitor cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state. A renal vesicle progenitor cell is a cell that will give rise to terminally differentiated cells of the renal vesicle without self-renewing.
72185 metanephric cap development P The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric cap from an initial condition to its mature state. The metanephric cap is formed by the condensation of metanephric mesenchymal cells surrounding the ureteric bud tip.
72186 metanephric cap morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the metanephric cap are generated and organized. The metanephric cap is formed by the condensation of metanephric mesenchymal cells surrounding the ureteric bud tip.
72187 metanephric cap formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a metanephric cap from unspecified parts. The metanephric cap is formed by the condensation of metanephric mesenchymal cells surrounding the ureteric bud tip.
72188 metanephric cap specification P The process in which the metanephric cap acquires its identity.
72189 ureter development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ureter over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ureter is a muscular tube that transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder or from the Malpighian tubule to the hindgut.
72190 ureter urothelium development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the urothelium of the ureter over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The urothelium is an epithelium that makes up the epithelial tube of the ureter.
72191 ureter smooth muscle development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of smooth muscle in the ureter over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
72192 ureter epithelial cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell in the urothelium. The urothelium is the epithelial tube of the ureter.
72193 ureter smooth muscle cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell in the ureter.
72194 kidney smooth muscle tissue development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of smooth muscle in the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
72195 kidney smooth muscle cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell in the kidney.
72196 proximal/distal pattern formation involved in pronephric nephron development P The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along a proximal/distal axis of the pronephros.
72197 ureter morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the ureter are generated and organized. The ureter is a muscular tube that transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.
72198 mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in ureter development P The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population of the ureter, that contributes to ureter development.
72199 regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in ureter development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation that contributes to the progression of the ureter gland over time. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets.
72200 negative regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in ureter development P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation that contributes to the progression of the ureter gland over time. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets.
72201 negative regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets.
72202 cell differentiation involved in metanephros development P The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the metanephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
72203 cell proliferation involved in metanephros development P The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of the population in the metanephros.
72204 cell-cell signaling involved in metanephros development P Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the progression of the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature organ.
72205 metanephric collecting duct development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a collecting duct in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The collecting duct responds to vasopressin and aldosterone to regulate water, electrolyte and acid-base balance. The collecting duct is the final common path through which urine flows before entering the ureter and then emptying into the bladder.
72206 metanephric juxtaglomerular apparatus development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The juxtaglomerular apparatus is an anatomical structure which consists of juxtaglomerular cells, extraglomerular mesangial cells and the macula densa. The juxtaglomerular apparatus lies adjacent to the glomerulus and regulates kidney function by maintaining the blood flow to the kidney and the filtration rate.
72207 metanephric epithelium development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelium in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure.
72208 metanephric smooth muscle tissue development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of smooth muscle in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
72209 metanephric mesangial cell differentiation P The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesangial cells of the metanephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
72210 metanephric nephron development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a nephron in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A nephron is the functional unit of the kidney.
72211 metanephric pyramids development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric pyramids over time, from their formation to the mature structures. Metanephric pyramids are the conical masses that constitute the renal medulla in a metanephros; they contain the loops of Henle and the medullary collecting ducts.
72212 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in metanephros development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the branching morphogenesis by which the metanephros progresses from its initial formation to the mature state.
72213 metanephric capsule development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric capsule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the metanephros, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage.
72214 metanephric cortex development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric cortex over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric cortex is the outer region of the metanephros.
72215 regulation of metanephros development P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of metanephros development. Metanephros development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephros is an endocrine and metabolic organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.
72216 positive regulation of metanephros development P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of metanephros development. Metanephros development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephros is an organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.
72217 negative regulation of metanephros development P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of metanephros development. Metanephros development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephros is an organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.
72218 metanephric ascending thin limb development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric ascending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric ascending thin limb is a segment of a nephron tubule in the metanephros lying in the inner medulla that is permeable to ions but not to water and has a simple epithelium; active transepithelial solute transport is absent.
72219 metanephric cortical collecting duct development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric cortical collecting duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric cortical collecting duct is the portion of the metanephric collecting duct that resides in the renal cortex.
72220 metanephric descending thin limb development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric descending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric descending thin limb is a part of the metanephric loop of Henle situated just after the proximal straight tubule (S3). It extends to the tip of the metanephric loop of Henle.
72221 metanephric distal convoluted tubule development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric distal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric distal convoluted tubule is the first segment of the metanephric nephron lying just downstream from the loop of Henle, immediately after the macula densa. Among other functions, in humans it is responsible for the reabsorption of about 5% of filtered sodium via the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl symporter.
72222 metanephric early distal convoluted tubule development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric early distal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric early distal convoluted tubule contains metanephric DCT cells and is vasopressin-insensitive.
72223 metanephric glomerular mesangium development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric glomerular mesangium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric glomerular mesangium is the thin membrane connective tissue composed of mesangial cells in the metanephros, which helps to support the capillary loops in a renal glomerulus.
72224 metanephric glomerulus development P The progression of the metanephric glomerulus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The metanephric glomerulus is a capillary tuft which forms a close network with the visceral epithelium (podocytes) and the mesangium to form the filtration barrier and is surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the mature vertebrate kidney, or metanephros.
72225 metanephric late distal convoluted tubule development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric late distal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric late distal convoluted tubule contains metanephric DCT cells and intercalated (IC) alpha and beta cells and is vasopressin-sensitive.
72226 metanephric long descending thin limb bend development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric long descending thin limb bend over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric long descending thin limb bend is a part of the descending thin limb of a long nephron that lies beyond the prebend segment in the metanephros.
72227 metanephric macula densa development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric macula densa over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric macula densa is an area of specialized cells in the distal tubule of the metanephros that makes contact with the vascular pole of the glomerulus.
72228 metanephric prebend segment development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric prebend segment over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric prebend segment is a part of the metanephric descending thin limb that lies before the bend and exhibits permeabilities characteristic of the ascending limb, especially negligible water permeability.
72229 metanephric proximal convoluted tubule development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric proximal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric proximal convoluted tubule is the most proximal portion of the metanephric proximal tubule and extends from the metanephric glomerular capsule to the metanephric proximal straight tubule.
72230 metanephric proximal straight tubule development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric proximal straight tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric proximal straight tubule is the part of the metanephric descending limb that extends from the metanephric proximal convoluted tubule to the metanephric descending thin tubule.
72231 metanephric proximal convoluted tubule segment 1 development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the S1 portion of the metanephric proximal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The S1 portion is the initial portion of the metanephric proximal convoluted tubule and is responsible for avid reabsorption of water and solutes.
72232 metanephric proximal convoluted tubule segment 2 development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the S2 portion of the metanephric proximal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The S2 portion of the metanephric proximal tubule is involved in reabsorption of water and sodium chloride.
72233 metanephric thick ascending limb development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric thick ascending limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric thick ascending limb is the last part of the metanephric loop of Henle. Its thick, mitochondria-rich epithelium characterizes the outer medulla, and is responsible for very avid active salt transport. At the macula densa, the thick ascending limb connects to the distal convoluted tubule.
72234 metanephric nephron tubule development P The progression of a metanephric nephron tubule over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. A metanephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the metanephric nephron, the functional part of the metanephros.
72235 metanephric distal tubule development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric distal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric distal tubule is a metanephric nephron tubule that begins at the metanephric macula densa and extends to the metanephric connecting tubule.
72236 metanephric loop of Henle development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric loop of Henle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric loop of Henle is a metanephric nephron tubule that connects the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule in the metanephros.
72237 metanephric proximal tubule development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric proximal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric proximal tubule is a metanephric nephron tubule that connects Bowman's capsule to the descending thin limb of the loop of Henle in the metanephros. It has a brush border epithelial morphology.
72238 metanephric long nephron development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric long nephron over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Long nephrons are associated with juxtamedullary glomeruli and extend into the inner medulla in the metanephros.
72239 metanephric glomerulus vasculature development P The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric glomerulus vasculature from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the metanephric glomerulus vasculature and ends with the mature structure. The metanephric glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the metanephric glomerulus.
72240 metanephric DCT cell differentiation P The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the distal convoluted tubule cells of the metanephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
72241 metanephric DCT cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric distal convoluted tubule cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
72242 metanephric DCT cell fate commitment P The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a metanephric distal convoluted tubule cell.
72243 metanephric nephron epithelium development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric nephron epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure. The metanephric nephron epithelium is a tissue that covers the surface of a nephron in the metanephros.
72244 metanephric glomerular epithelium development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric glomerular epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric glomerular epithelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the outer surfaces of the glomerulus in the metanephros. The metanephric glomerular epithelium consists of both parietal and visceral epithelium. Metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport. A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains "feet" that interdigitate with the "feet" of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros.
72245 metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell. Metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport.
72246 metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport.
72247 metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell fate commitment P The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell. Metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport. These cells may also give rise to podocytes.
72248 metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell. A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains "feet" that interdigitate with the "feet" of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros.
72249 metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains "feet" that interdigitate with the "feet" of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros.
72250 metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell fate commitment P The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell. A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains "feet" that interdigitate with the "feet" of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros.
72251 metanephric juxtaglomerulus cell differentiation P The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the juxtaglomerulus cells of the metanephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
72252 metanephric juxtaglomerulus cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric juxtaglomerulus cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
72253 metanephric juxtaglomerulus cell fate commitment P The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a metanephric juxtaglomerulus cell.
72254 metanephric glomerular mesangial cell differentiation P The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the glomerular mesangial cells of the metanephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
72255 metanephric glomerular mesangial cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular mesangial cell in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
72256 metanephric glomerular mesangial cell fate commitment P The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a metanephric glomerular mesangial cell.
72257 metanephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation P The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the metanephric nephron tubule as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
72258 metanephric interstitial fibroblast differentiation P The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the interstitial fibroblasts of the metanephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
72259 metanephric interstitial fibroblast development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric interstitial fibroblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
72260 metanephric interstitial fibroblast fate commitment P The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a metanephric interstitial fibroblast.
72261 metanephric extraglomerular mesangial cell proliferation involved in metanephros development P The multiplication or reproduction of extraglomerular glomerular mesangium cells in the metanephros by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Extraglomerular mesangial cells (also known as lacis cells, Goormaghtigh cells) are light-staining cells in the kidney found outside the glomerulus, near the vascular pole and macula densa.
72262 metanephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation involved in metanephros development P The multiplication or reproduction of glomerular mesangial cells in the metanephros, resulting in the expansion of the population.
72263 metanephric intraglomerular mesangial cell proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of intraglomerular glomerular mesangium cells in the metanephros by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Intraglomerular mesangial cells are specialized pericytes located among the glomerular capillaries within a renal corpuscle of a kidney. They are required for filtration, structural support and phagocytosis.
72264 metanephric glomerular endothelium development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric glomerular endothelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric glomerular endothelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the internal surfaces of the glomerulus of the metanephros.
72265 metanephric capsule morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the metanephric capsule are generated and organized. The metanephric capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the metanephros, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage.
72266 metanephric capsule formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a metanephric capsule from unspecified parts. The metanephric capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the metanephros, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage.
72267 metanephric capsule specification P The regionalization process in which the identity of the metanephric capsule is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
72268 pattern specification involved in metanephros development P Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the metanephros to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.
72269 metanephric long descending thin limb development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric long descending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric long descending thin limb is the descending thin limb of a long nephron in the metanephros that has a squamous epithelial morphology. The long descending limb starts in the inner stripe of the outer medulla and extends into the inner medulla.
72270 metanephric short nephron development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a short nephron in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Short nephrons are associated with mid-cortical and superficial glomeruli, are situated entirely in the outer medulla, and have no thin ascending limb.
72271 metanephric short descending thin limb development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric short descending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric short descending thin limb is the descending thin limb of a short nephron in the metanephros that has a squamous epithelial morphology.
72272 proximal/distal pattern formation involved in metanephric nephron development P The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along a proximal/distal axis of a nephron in the metanephros. The proximal/distal axis is defined by a line that runs from the center of the kidney (proximal end) outward (distal end).
72273 metanephric nephron morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the metanephric nephron are generated and organized. A metanephric nephron is the functional unit of the metanephros.
72274 metanephric glomerular basement membrane development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric glomerular basement membrane over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric glomerular basement membrane is the basal laminal portion of the metanephric glomerulus which performs the actual filtration.
72275 metanephric glomerulus morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the metanephric glomerulus are generated and organized. The metanephric glomerulus is a capillary tuft surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney, or metanephros.
72276 metanephric glomerulus vasculature morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the metanephric glomerulus vasculature are generated and organized. The metanephric glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the metanephric glomerulus.
72277 metanephric glomerular capillary formation P The process that gives rise to a metanephric glomerular capillary. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
72278 metanephric comma-shaped body morphogenesis P The process in which the metanephric comma-shaped body is generated and organized. The metanephric comma-shaped body is the precursor structure to the metanephric S-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of a nephron in the metanephros.
72279 convergent extension involved in metanephric nephron morphogenesis P The morphogenetic process in which the renal epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis that contributes to the shaping of a nephron in the metanephros.
72280 establishment of planar polarity involved in metanephric nephron morphogenesis P Coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of an epithelium that contributes to the shaping of a nephron in the metanephros.
72281 mesenchymal stem cell differentiation involved in metanephric nephron morphogenesis P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal stem cell that contributes to the shaping of a nephronin the metanephros. A mesenchymal stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized mesenchymal cells.
72282 metanephric nephron tubule morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of a metanephric nephron tubule are generated and organized. A metanephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the metanephric nephron, the functional part of the metanephros.
72283 metanephric renal vesicle morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the metanephric renal vesicle are generated and organized. The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the metanephric nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells.
72284 metanephric S-shaped body morphogenesis P The process in which the metanephric S-shaped body is generated and organized. The metanephric S-shaped body is the successor of the metanephric comma-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of a nephron in the metanephros.
72285 mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephric renal vesicle formation P A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the metanephric renal vesicle.
72286 metanephric connecting tubule development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric connecting tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric connecting tubule is a tubular segment of the metanephric nephron; it connects the distal convoluted tubule to the collecting duct in the metanephros.
72287 metanephric distal tubule morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of a metanephric distal tubule are generated and organized. The metanephric distal tubule is a metanephric nephron tubule that begins at the macula densa and extends to the metanephric connecting tubule.
72288 metanephric proximal tubule morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of a metanephric proximal tubule are generated and organized. The metanephric proximal tubule is a metanephric nephron tubule that connects Bowman's capsule to the descending thin limb of the loop of Henle in the metanephros. It has a brush border epithelial morphology.
72289 metanephric nephron tubule formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a metanephric nephron tubule from unspecified parts. A metanephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of a nephron in the metanephros.
72290 epithelial cell migration involved in metanephric nephron tubule morphogenesis P The orderly movement of epithelial cells within a renal tubule that contributes to metanephric nephron tubule morphogenesis.
72291 epithelial cell migration involved in metanephric distal tubule morphogenesis P The orderly movement of epithelial cells within a renal tubule that contributes to metanephric distal tubule morphogenesis.
72292 epithelial cell migration involved in metanephric proximal tubule morphogenesis P The orderly movement of epithelial cells within a renal tubule that contributes to metanephric proximal tubule morphogenesis.
72293 specification of metanephric nephron tubule identity P The process in which the tubules arranged along the proximal/distal axis of the metanephric nephron acquire their identity.
72294 specification of metanephric connecting tubule identity P The process in which the connecting tubule of the metanephric nephron acquires its identity.
72295 specification of metanephric distal tubule identity P The process in which the distal tubule of the metanephric nephron acquires its identity.
72296 specification of metanephric loop of Henle identity P The process in which the loop of Henle of the metanephric nephron acquires its identity.
72297 specification of metanephric proximal tubule identity P The process in which the proximal tubule of the metanephric nephron acquires its identity.
72298 regulation of metanephric glomerulus development P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of metanephric glomerulus development, the progression of the metanephric glomerulus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The metanephric glomerulus is a capillary tuft surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney, or metanephros.
72299 negative regulation of metanephric glomerulus development P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of metanephric glomerulus development, the progression of the metanephric glomerulus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The metanephric glomerulus is a capillary tuft surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney, or metanephros.
72300 positive regulation of metanephric glomerulus development P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of metanephric glomerulus development, the progression of the metanephric glomerulus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The metanephric glomerulus is a capillary tuft surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney, or metanephros.
72301 regulation of metanephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation.
72302 negative regulation of metanephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation.
72303 positive regulation of glomerular metanephric mesangial cell proliferation P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation.
72304 regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of mesenchymal stem cell death by apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the nephron in the metanephros.
72305 negative regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron morphogenesis P Any process that reduces the occurrence or rate of mesenchymal stem cell death by apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the nephron in the metanephros.
72306 positive regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron morphogenesis P Any process that increases the occurrence or rate of mesenchymal stem cell death by apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the nephron in the metanephros.
72307 regulation of metanephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation.
72308 negative regulation of metanephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation.
72309 mesenchymal stem cell maintenance involved in metanephric nephron morphogenesis P The process in which an organism retains a population of mesenchymal stem cells that contributes to the shaping of a nephron in the metanephros. A mesenchymal stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized mesenchymal cells.
72310 glomerular epithelial cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the glomerulus; there are two types, glomerular parietal epithelial cells and glomerular visceral epithelial cells.
72311 glomerular epithelial cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glomerular epithelial cell. Glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the glomerulus; there are two types, glomerular parietal epithelial cells and glomerular visceral epithelial cells.
72312 metanephric glomerular epithelial cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a metanephric glomerular epithelial cell. Metanephric glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the metanephric glomerulus; there are two types, metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells and metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cells.
72313 metanephric glomerular epithelial cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric glomerular epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Metanephric glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the metanephric glomerulus; there are two types, metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells and metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cells.
72314 glomerular epithelial cell fate commitment P The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a glomerular epithelial cell. Glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the glomerulus; there are two types, glomerular parietal epithelial cells and glomerular visceral epithelial cells.
72315 metanephric glomerular epithelial cell fate commitment P The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a metanephric glomerular epithelial cell. Metanephric glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the metanephric glomerulus; there are two types, metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells and metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cells.
72316 alpha-glucan catabolic process involved in ascospore release from ascus P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alpha-glucans in the ascus wall that contributes to the release of ascospores from the ascus.
72317 glucan endo-1,3-beta-D-glucosidase activity involved in ascospore release from ascus F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of 1,3-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in 1,3-beta-D-glucans that contributes to the release of ascospores from the ascus.
72318 clathrin coat disassembly P The disaggregation of a clathrin coat into its constituent components; results in stripping or removing the clathrin coat from clathrin-coated vesicles (CCV) before fusing with their targets. CVVs transport cargo from plasma membrane and trans-Golgi to the endosomal system.
72319 vesicle uncoating P A protein depolymerization process that results in the disassembly of vesicle coat proteins.
72320 volume-sensitive chloride channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a volume-sensitive channel. A volume-sensitive channel is a channel that responds to changes in the volume of a cell.
72321 chaperone-mediated protein transport P The directed movement of proteins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, mediated by chaperone molecules that bind to the transported proteins.
72322 protein transport across periplasmic space P The directed movement of proteins from the plasma membrane across the periplasmic space to the outer membrane or cell wall.
72323 chaperone-mediated protein transport across periplasmic space P The directed movement of proteins from the plasma membrane across the periplasmic space to the outer membrane, mediated by chaperone molecules that bind to the transported proteins. This process has been observed in Gram-negative bacteria.
72324 ascus epiplasm C Ascus cytoplasm that is not packaged into ascospores.
72325 vulval cell fate commitment P The process in which the cellular identity of nematode vulval cells is acquired and determined. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed adult vulva, which is the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes.
72326 vulval cell fate determination P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a nematode vulval cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed adult vulva, which is the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes.
72327 vulval cell fate specification P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a nematode vulval cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed adult vulva, which is the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes.
72328 alkene binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an alkene, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having one carbon-carbon double bond and the general formula CnH2n.
72329 monocarboxylic acid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (-COOH) group.
72330 monocarboxylic acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (-COOH) group.
72331 signal transduction by p53 class mediator P An intracellular signaling process that is induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53 or an equivalent protein.
72332 intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator P A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.
72334 UDP-galactose transmembrane transport P The directed movement of UDP-galactose across a membrane into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
72335 regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in neural crest cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin involved in neural crest cell differentiation. The Wnt signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.
72336 negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in neural crest cell differentiation P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin involved in neural crest cell differentiation. The Wnt signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.
72337 modified amino acid transport P The directed movement of modified amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
72338 cellular lactam metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving lactams, any cyclic amides of amino carboxylic acids, having a 1-azacycloalkan-2-one structure, or analogues having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.
72339 cellular lactam biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactams, any cyclic amides of amino carboxylic acids, having a 1-azacycloalkan-2-one structure, or analogues having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.
72340 cellular lactam catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lactams, any cyclic amides of amino carboxylic acids, having a 1-azacycloalkan-2-one structure, or analogues having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.
72341 modified amino acid binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a modified amino acid.
72342 response to anion stress P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of anion stress, an increase or decrease in the concentration of negatively charged ions in the environment.
72343 pancreatic stellate cell proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of pancreatic stellate cells, resulting in the expansion of a pancreatic stellate cell population. Pancreatic stellate cells are found in the periacinar space of the exocrine pancreas and in perivascular and periductal regions of the pancreas, and have long cytoplasmic processes that encircle the base of the acinus.
72344 rescue of stalled ribosome P A process of translational elongation that takes place when a ribosome has stalled during translation, and results in freeing the ribosome from the stalled translation complex.
72345 NAADP-sensitive calcium-release channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
72346 cADPR-sensitive calcium-release channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose (cADPR) has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
72347 response to anesthetic P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an anesthetic stimulus. An anesthetic is a substance that causes loss of feeling, awareness, or sensation.
72348 sulfur compound transport P The directed movement of compounds that contain sulfur, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
72349 modified amino acid transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of modified amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other.
72350 tricarboxylic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing three carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-).
72351 tricarboxylic acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing three carboxyl (-COOH) groups.
72352 tricarboxylic acid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing three carboxyl (-COOH) groups.
72353 cellular age-dependent response to reactive oxygen species P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of reactive oxygen species, where the change varies according to the age of the cell or organism.
72354 histone kinase activity (H3-T3 specific) F Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to the threonine-3 residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H3.
72355 histone H3-T3 phosphorylation P The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an phosphate group to a threonine residue at position 3 of the histone.
72356 chromosome passenger complex localization to kinetochore P A cellular protein complex localization that acts on a chromosome passenger complex; as a result, the complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location at the kinetochore. A chromosome passenger complex is a protein complex that contains the BIR-domain-containing protein Survivin, Aurora B kinase, INCENP and Borealin, and coordinates various events based on its location to different structures during the course of mitosis.
72357 PTW/PP1 phosphatase complex C A protein serine/threonine phosphatase complex that contains a catalytic subunit (PPP1CA, PPP1CB or PPP1CC) and the regulatory subunits PPP1R10 (PNUTS), TOX4 and WDR82, and plays a role in the control of chromatin structure and cell cycle progression during the transition from mitosis into interphase.
72358 cardiovascular system development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiovascular system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cardiovascular system is the anatomical system that has as its parts the heart and blood vessels.
72359 circulatory system development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the circulatory system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The circulatory system is the organ system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells, etc. to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis.
72360 vascular cord development P The progression of the vascular cord over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The vascular cord is the primordial vasculature that will develop into blood vessels by the process of tubulogenesis.
72361 regulation of glycolytic process by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis by modulating the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
72362 regulation of glycolytic process by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis by stopping, preventing, or reducing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
72363 regulation of glycolytic process by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis by activating or increasing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
72364 regulation of cellular ketone metabolic process by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular ketone metabolic process by modulating the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
72365 regulation of cellular ketone metabolic process by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular ketone metabolic process by stopping, preventing, or reducing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
72366 regulation of cellular ketone metabolic process by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular ketone metabolic process by activating or increasing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
72367 regulation of lipid transport by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipid transport by modulating the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
72368 regulation of lipid transport by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipid transport by stopping, preventing, or reducing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
72369 regulation of lipid transport by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipid transport by activating or increasing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
72370 histone H2A-S121 phosphorylation P The modification of histone H2A by the addition of an phosphate group to a serine residue at position 121 of the histone.
72371 histone kinase activity (H2A-S121 specific) F Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to the serine-121 residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H2A.
72373 alpha-carotene epsilon hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-carotene + NADPH + O2 + H+ = alpha-cryptoxanthin + NADP+ + H2O.
72374 carotene epsilon hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a carotene + NADPH + O2 + H+ = a beta-ring hydroxylcarotene + NADP+ + H2O. Adds a hydroxyl group to the epsilon ring of the alpha-carotene.
72375 medium-term memory P The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information received at a time ago that is intermediate between that of short and long term memory (30min - 7hrs in Drosophila melanogaster).
72376 protein activation cascade P A response to a stimulus that consists of a sequential series of modifications to a set of proteins where the product of one reaction acts catalytically in the following reaction. The magnitude of the response is typically amplified at each successive step in the cascade. Modifications typically include proteolysis or covalent modification, and may also include binding events.
72377 blood coagulation, common pathway P A protein activation cascade that contributes to blood coagulation and consists of events leading from the formation of activated factor X to the formation of active thrombin, the cleavage of fibrinogen by thrombin, and the formation of cleaved fibrin into a stable multimeric, cross-linked complex.
72378 blood coagulation, fibrin clot formation P A protein activation cascade that contributes to blood coagulation and consists of the cascade of enzymatic reactions initiated by physical damage to the wall of a blood vessel, leading to the formation of a formation of a fibrin clot at the site of the injury. The process also includes numerous positive and negative regulatory events.
72379 ER membrane insertion complex C A protein complex that is involved in the post-translational delivery of tail-anchored (TA) membrane proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum. TA membrane proteins, also called type II transmembrane proteins, contain a single C-terminal transmembrane region. Some ER membrane insertion complex subunits are conserved between different species such as mammals and budding yeast.
72380 TRC complex C An ER membrane insertion complex that contains subunits that recognize two types of transmembrane domain signals. In budding yeast the complex contains Get4p, Get5p, Sgt2p, and at least two heat shock proteins (HSPs).
72381 positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in neural crest cell differentiation P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin involved in neural crest cell differentiation. The Wnt signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.
72382 minus-end-directed vesicle transport along microtubule P The directed movement of a vesicle towards the minus end of a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of a vesicle to a microtubule, and ends when the vesicle reaches its final destination.
72383 plus-end-directed vesicle transport along microtubule P The directed movement of a vesicle towards the plus end of a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of a vesicle to a microtubule, and ends when the vesicle reaches its final destination.
72384 organelle transport along microtubule P The directed movement of an organelle along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of an organelle to a microtubule, and ends when the organelle reaches its final destination.
72385 minus-end-directed organelle transport along microtubule P The directed movement of an organelle towards the minus end of a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of an organelle to a microtubule, and ends when the organelle reaches its final destination.
72386 plus-end-directed organelle transport along microtubule P The directed movement of an organelle towards the plus end of a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of an organelle to a microtubule, and ends when the organelle reaches its final destination.
72387 flavin adenine dinucleotide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving flavin adenine dinucleotide, which acts as a coenzyme or prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes.
72388 flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavin adenine dinucleotide, which acts as a coenzyme or prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes.
72389 flavin adenine dinucleotide catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of flavin adenine dinucleotide, which acts as a coenzyme or prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes.
72390 phenol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving phenol, a compound that consists of a benzene ring with one attached hydroxyl group.
72391 phenol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phenol, a compound that consists of a benzene ring with one attached hydroxyl group.
72392 phenol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenol, a compound that consists of a benzene ring with one attached hydroxyl group.
72393 microtubule anchoring at microtubule organizing center P Any process in which a microtubule is maintained in a specific location in a cell by attachment to a microtubule organizing center.
72394 detection of stimulus involved in cell cycle checkpoint P The series of events in which information about a biological process or quality is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a cell cycle checkpoint.
72395 signal transduction involved in cell cycle checkpoint P A signal transduction process that contributes to a cell cycle checkpoint.
72396 response to cell cycle checkpoint signaling P A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of cell cycle checkpoint signaling.
72397 detection of stimulus involved in cytokinesis checkpoint P The series of events in which information about the formation and integrity of cytokinetic structures, such as the contractile ring, is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a cytokinesis checkpoint.
72398 signal transduction involved in cytokinesis checkpoint P A signal transduction process that contributes to a cytokinesis checkpoint.
72399 response to cytokinesis checkpoint signaling P A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of cytokinesis checkpoint signaling.
72400 detection of stimulus involved in mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint P The series of events in which information about DNA integrity is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint.
72401 signal transduction involved in DNA integrity checkpoint P A signal transduction process that contributes to a DNA integrity checkpoint.
72402 response to DNA integrity checkpoint signaling P A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of DNA integrity checkpoint signaling.
72409 detection of stimulus involved in meiotic cell cycle checkpoint P The series of events in which information about a biological process or quality is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a meiotic cell cycle checkpoint.
72410 response to meiotic cell cycle checkpoint signaling P A process that acts directly to delay or stop progression through the cell cycle in response to signals generated as a result of meiotic cell cycle checkpoint signaling; contributes to a meiotic cell cycle checkpoint.
72411 signal transduction involved in meiotic cell cycle checkpoint P A signal transduction process that contributes to a meiotic cell cycle checkpoint.
72412 detection of stimulus involved in mitotic cell cycle checkpoint P The series of events in which information about a biological process or quality is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic cell cycle checkpoint.
72413 signal transduction involved in mitotic cell cycle checkpoint P A signal transduction process that contributes to a mitotic cell cycle checkpoint.
72414 response to mitotic cell cycle checkpoint signaling P A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic cell cycle checkpoint signaling.
72415 detection of stimulus involved in spindle checkpoint P The series of events in which information about the assembly, orientation or integrity of the spindle is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a spindle checkpoint.
72416 signal transduction involved in spindle checkpoint P A signal transduction process that contributes to a spindle checkpoint.
72417 response to spindle checkpoint signaling P A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of spindle checkpoint signaling.
72421 detection of DNA damage stimulus involved in DNA damage checkpoint P The series of events in which information about damage to DNA is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a DNA damage checkpoint.
72422 signal transduction involved in DNA damage checkpoint P A signal transduction process that contributes to a DNA damage checkpoint.
72423 response to DNA damage checkpoint signaling P A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of DNA damage checkpoint signaling.
72424 detection of DNA damage stimulus involved in G2 DNA damage checkpoint P The series of events in which information about damage to DNA is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint.
72425 signal transduction involved in G2 DNA damage checkpoint P A signal transduction process that contributes to a G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint.
72426 response to G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling P A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint signaling.
72427 detection of DNA damage stimulus involved in intra-S DNA damage checkpoint P The series of events in which information about damage to DNA is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to an intra-S DNA damage checkpoint.
72428 signal transduction involved in intra-S DNA damage checkpoint P A signal transduction process that contributes to an intra-S DNA damage checkpoint.
72429 response to intra-S DNA damage checkpoint signaling P A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of intra-S DNA damage checkpoint signaling.
72430 detection of DNA damage stimulus involved in mitotic G1 DNA damage checkpoint P The series of events in which information about damage to DNA is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition DNA damage checkpoint.
72431 signal transduction involved in mitotic G1 DNA damage checkpoint P A signal transduction process that contributes to a mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition DNA damage checkpoint.
72432 response to G1 DNA damage checkpoint signaling P A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of G1/S transition DNA damage checkpoint signaling.
72433 detection of DNA damage stimulus involved in mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint P The series of events in which information about damage to DNA is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint.
72434 signal transduction involved in mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint P A signal transduction process that contributes to a mitotic G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint.
72435 response to mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling P A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint signaling.
72436 detection of stimulus involved in DNA replication checkpoint P The series of events in which information about whether DNA replication is complete is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a DNA replication checkpoint.
72437 signal transduction involved in DNA replication checkpoint P A signal transduction process that contributes to a DNA replication checkpoint.
72438 response to DNA replication checkpoint signaling P A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of DNA replication checkpoint signaling.
72439 detection of stimulus involved in meiotic DNA replication checkpoint P The series of events in which information about whether DNA replication is complete is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a meiotic DNA replication checkpoint.
72440 signal transduction involved in meiotic DNA replication checkpoint P A signal transduction process that contributes to a meiotic DNA replication checkpoint.
72441 response to meiotic DNA replication checkpoint signaling P A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of meiotic DNA replication checkpoint signaling.
72442 detection of stimulus involved in mitotic DNA replication checkpoint P The series of events in which information about whether DNA replication is complete is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic DNA replication checkpoint.
72443 signal transduction involved in mitotic DNA replication checkpoint P A signal transduction process that contributes to a mitotic DNA replication checkpoint.
72444 response to mitotic DNA replication checkpoint signaling P A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic DNA replication checkpoint signaling.
72448 detection of stimulus involved in G1 cell size control checkpoint P The series of events in which information about cell size is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition size control checkpoint.
72449 response to G1 cell size control checkpoint signaling P A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition size control checkpoint signaling.
72450 signal transduction involved in G1 cell size control checkpoint P A signal transduction process that contributes to a mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition size control checkpoint.
72451 detection of stimulus involved in G2 cell size control checkpoint P The series of events in which information about cell size is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a G2/M transition size control checkpoint.
72452 response to G2 transition size control checkpoint signaling P A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of G2/M transition size control checkpoint signaling.
72453 signal transduction involved in G2 cell size control checkpoint P A signal transduction process that contributes to a G2/M transition size control checkpoint.
72460 detection of stimulus involved in meiotic recombination checkpoint P The series of events in which information about whether recombination is complete is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a meiotic recombination checkpoint.
72461 response to meiotic recombination checkpoint signaling P A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of meiotic recombination checkpoint signaling.
72462 signal transduction involved in meiotic recombination checkpoint P A signal transduction process that contributes to a meiotic recombination checkpoint.
72463 detection of stimulus involved in meiotic spindle assembly checkpoint P The series of events in which information about whether spindle is correctly assembled and chromosomes are attached to the spindle is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a meiotic spindle assembly checkpoint.
72464 response to meiotic spindle assembly checkpoint signaling P A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of meiotic spindle assembly checkpoint signaling.
72465 signal transduction involved in meiotic spindle assembly checkpoint P A signal transduction process that contributes to a meiotic spindle assembly checkpoint.
72469 detection of stimulus involved in cell size control checkpoint P The series of events in which information about cell size is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a cell size control checkpoint.
72470 response to cell size control checkpoint signaling P A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of cell size control checkpoint signaling.
72471 signal transduction involved in cell size control checkpoint P A signal transduction process that contributes to a cell size control checkpoint.
72475 detection of stimulus involved in mitotic spindle checkpoint P The series of events in which information about whether the spindle is correctly assembled and oriented, and chromosomes are attached to the spindle, is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic cell cycle spindle checkpoint.
72476 response to mitotic spindle checkpoint signaling P A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic cell cycle spindle checkpoint signaling.
72477 signal transduction involved in mitotic spindle checkpoint P A signal transduction process that contributes to a mitotic cell cycle spindle checkpoint.
72478 detection of stimulus involved in mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint P The series of events in which information about whether the spindle is correctly assembled, and chromosomes are attached to the spindle, is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint.
72479 response to mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint signaling P A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint signaling.
72480 signal transduction involved in mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint P A signal transduction process that contributes to a mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint.
72481 detection of stimulus involved in mitotic spindle orientation checkpoint P The series of events in which information about whether the spindle is correctly oriented is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic cell cycle spindle orientation checkpoint.
72482 response to mitotic cell cycle spindle orientation checkpoint signaling P A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic cell cycle spindle orientation checkpoint signaling.
72483 signal transduction involved in mitotic cell cycle spindle orientation checkpoint P A signal transduction process that contributes to a mitotic cell cycle spindle orientation checkpoint.
72484 detection of stimulus involved in spindle assembly checkpoint P The series of events in which information about spindle assembly is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a spindle assembly checkpoint.
72485 response to spindle assembly checkpoint signaling P A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of spindle assembly checkpoint signaling.
72486 signal transduction involved in spindle assembly checkpoint P A signal transduction process that contributes to a spindle assembly checkpoint.
72487 MSL complex C A histone acetyltransferase complex that catalyzes the acetylation of a histone H4 lysine residue at position 16. In human, it contains the catalytic subunit MOF, and MSL1, MSL2 and MSL3.
72488 ammonium transmembrane transport P The directed movement of ammonium across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Ammonium is the cation NH4+.
72489 methylammonium transmembrane transport P The directed movement of methylammonium across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
72490 toluene-containing compound metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving toluene, methylbenzene (formula C7H8), or any of its derivatives.
72491 toluene-containing compound catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of toluene, methylbenzene (formula C7H8), or any of its derivatives.
72492 host cell mitochondrial intermembrane space C The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of the host cell mitochondrial envelope.
72493 host cell endosome lumen C The volume enclosed by the membranes of the host cell endosome.
72494 host multivesicular body C A late endosome in which regions of the limiting host cell endosomal membrane invaginate to form internal vesicles; host membrane proteins that enter the internal vesicles are sequestered from the host cytoplasm.
72495 host cell Cajal body C A class of nuclear body in the eukaryotic host cell, first seen after silver staining by Ramon y Cajal in 1903, enriched in small nuclear ribonucleoproteins, and certain general RNA polymerase II transcription factors; ultrastructurally, they appear as a tangle of coiled, electron-dense threads roughly 0.5 micrometers in diameter; involved in aspects of snRNP biogenesis; the protein coilin serves as a marker for Cajal bodies. Some argue that Cajal bodies are the sites for preassembly of transcriptosomes, unitary particles involved in transcription and processing of RNA. The host is the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
72496 Pup transferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of Pup from one protein to another via the reaction X-Pup + Y --> Y-Pup + X, where both X-Pup and Y-Pup are covalent linkages.
72497 mesenchymal stem cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal stem cell. A mesenchymal stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized mesenchymal cells.
72498 embryonic skeletal joint development P The process, occurring during the embryonic phase, whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeletal joints over time, from formation to mature structure.
72499 photoreceptor cell axon guidance P The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of a photoreceptor cell axon growth cone to its target in the optic lobe in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
72501 cellular divalent inorganic anion homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of divalent inorganic anions at the level of a cell.
72502 cellular trivalent inorganic anion homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of trivalent inorganic anions at the level of a cell.
72503 cellular divalent inorganic cation homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of divalent cations at the level of a cell.
72504 cellular trivalent inorganic cation homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of trivalent cations at the level of a cell.
72505 divalent inorganic anion homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of divalent inorganic anions within an organism or cell.
72506 trivalent inorganic anion homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of trivalent inorganic anions within an organism or cell.
72507 divalent inorganic cation homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of divalent cations within an organism or cell.
72508 trivalent inorganic cation homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of trivalent cations within an organism or cell.
72509 divalent inorganic cation transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of inorganic cations with a valency of two from one side of the membrane to the other. Inorganic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge that do not contain carbon in covalent linkage.
72510 trivalent inorganic cation transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of inorganic cations with a valency of three from one side of the membrane to the other. Inorganic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge that do not contain carbon in covalent linkage.
72511 divalent inorganic cation transport P The directed movement of inorganic cations with a valency of two into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Inorganic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge which do not contain carbon in covalent linkage.
72512 trivalent inorganic cation transport P The directed movement of inorganic cations with a valency of three into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Inorganic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge which do not contain carbon in covalent linkage.
72513 positive regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the second heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. The secondary heart field is the region of the heart that will form the majority of the mesodermal component of the right ventricle, the arterial pole (outflow tract) and the venous pole (inflow tract).
72514 trehalose transport in response to water deprivation P The directed movement of trehalose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore, that occurs as a result of deprivation of water.
72515 trehalose transport in response to desiccation P The directed movement of trehalose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore, that occurs as a result of a desiccation stimulus. A desiccation stimulus signals extreme dryness resulting from the prolonged deprivation of water.
72516 viral assembly compartment C A membrane-bounded compartment that forms in the cytoplasm of virus-infected cells, in which virus assembly takes place.
72517 host cell viral assembly compartment C A membrane-bounded compartment that forms in the cytoplasm of the host cell, in which virus assembly takes place.
72518 Rho-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. This reaction requires binding of the GTPase Rho.
72519 parasitism P An interaction between two organisms living together in more or less intimate association in a relationship in which association is disadvantageous or destructive to one of the organisms.
72520 seminiferous tubule development P The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of the seminiferous tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Seminiferous tubules are ducts located in the testicles, and are the specific location of meiosis, and the subsequent creation of gametes, namely spermatozoa.
72521 purine-containing compound metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains purine or a formal derivative thereof.
72522 purine-containing compound biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains purine or a formal derivative thereof.
72523 purine-containing compound catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains purine or a formal derivative thereof.
72524 pyridine-containing compound metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyridine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyridine or a formal derivative thereof.
72525 pyridine-containing compound biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyridine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyridine or a formal derivative thereof.
72526 pyridine-containing compound catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pyridine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyridine or a formal derivative thereof.
72527 pyrimidine-containing compound metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyrimidine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyrimidine or a formal derivative thereof.
72528 pyrimidine-containing compound biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyrimidine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyrimidine or a formal derivative thereof.
72529 pyrimidine-containing compound catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pyrimidine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyrimidine or a formal derivative thereof.
72530 purine-containing compound transmembrane transport P The directed movement of a purine-containing compound across a membrane. A purine-containing compound is any compound that contains purine or a formal derivative thereof.
72531 pyrimidine-containing compound transmembrane transport P The directed movement of a pyrimidine-containing compound across a membrane. A pyrimidine-containing compound is any compound that contains pyrimidine or a formal derivative thereof.
72532 tri-(feruloyl or hydroxyferuloyl) spermidine meta-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the meta-hydroxylation of any of the three phenolic rings on triferuloyl spermidine or any of its mono- or di-(hydroxyferuloyl)-spermidine derivatives.
72533 tri-(coumaroyl or caffeoyl) spermidine meta-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the meta-hydroxylation of any of the three phenolic rings on tricoumaroyl spermidine or any of its mono- or dicaffeoyl spermidine derivatives.
72534 perineuronal net C A dense extracellular matrix (ECM) structure that forms around many neuronal cell bodies and dendrites late in development and is responsible for synaptic stabilization in the adult brain.
72535 tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member 11 production P The appearance of tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 11 (TNFSF11; RANKL) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
72536 interleukin-23 receptor complex C A protein complex that binds interleukin-23 and that consists of, at a minimum, a dimeric interleukin and its two receptor subunits as well as optional additional kinase subunits.
72537 fibroblast activation P A change in the morphology or behavior of a fibroblast resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand.
72538 T-helper 17 type immune response P An immune response which is associated with resistance to intracellular bacteria with a key role in inflammation and tissue injury. This immune response is associated with pathological autoimmune conditions such as multiple sclerosis, arthritis and psoriasis which is typically orchestrated by the production of particular cytokines by T-helper 17 cells, most notably interleukin-17, IL-21 and IL-22.
72539 T-helper 17 cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires the specialized features of a T-helper 17 (Th17) cell. A Th17 cell is a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype RORgamma-t-positive that produces IL-17.
72540 T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment P The process in which a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell becomes committed to becoming a T-helper 17 cell, a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype RORgamma-t-positive that produces IL-17.
72541 peroxynitrite reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 R-SH + ONOO- = R-SS-R + NO2- + H2O.
72542 protein phosphatase activator activity F Increases the activity of a protein phosphatase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the removal of a phosphate group from a protein substrate molecule.
72544 L-DOPA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with L-DOPA, the modified amino acid (2S)-2-amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid.
72545 tyrosine binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid.
72546 ER membrane protein complex C A transmembrane protein complex that is involved in protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum. In S. cerevisiae, it has six members: EMC1, EMC2, AIM27, EMC4, KRE27, and EMC6.
72547 tricoumaroylspermidine meta-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: tricoumaroyl spermidine + NADPH + O2 = dicoumaroyl monocaffeoyl spermidine + NADP+ + H2O.
72548 dicoumaroyl monocaffeoyl spermidine meta-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dicoumaroyl monocaffeoyl spermidine + NADPH + O2 = monocoumaroyl dicaffeoyl spermidine + NADP+ + H2O.
72549 monocoumaroyl dicaffeoyl spermidine meta-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: monocoumaroyl dicaffeoyl spermidine + NADPH + O2 = tricaffeoyl spermidine + NADP+ + H2O.
72550 triferuloylspermidine meta-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: triferuloyl spermidine + NADPH + O2 = diferuloyl mono-(hydroxyferuloyl) spermidine + NADP+ + H2O.
72551 diferuloyl mono-(hydroxyferuloyl) spermidine meta-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: diferuloyl mono-(hydroxyferuloyl) spermidine + NADPH + O2 = monoferuloyl di-(hydroxyferuloyl) spermidine + NADP+ + H2O.
72552 monoferuloyl di-(hydroxyferuloyl) spermidine meta-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: monoferuloyl di-(hydroxyferuloyl) spermidine + NADPH + O2 = tri-(hydroxyferuloyl) spermidine + NADP+ + H2O.
72553 terminal button organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a terminal button. A terminal button is the terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters.
72554 blood vessel lumenization P The process in which a developing blood vessel forms an endothelial lumen through which blood will flow.
72555 17-beta-ketosteroid reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a 17-beta-ketosteroid + NADPH + H+ = a 17-beta-hydroxysteroid + NADP+.
72556 other organism presynaptic membrane C A presynaptic membrane that is part of another organism, i.e. a secondary organism with which the first organism is interacting. A presynaptic membrane is specialized area of membrane of the axon terminal that faces the plasma membrane of the neuron or muscle fiber with which the axon terminal establishes a synaptic junction; many synaptic junctions exhibit structural presynaptic characteristics, such as conical, electron-dense internal protrusions, that distinguish it from the remainder of the axon plasma membrane.
72557 IPAF inflammasome complex C A protein complex that consists of three components, IPAF, NAIP and caspase-1, and includes among its functions the sensing of flagellin derived from Legionella pneumophila, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Shigella flexneri.
72558 NLRP1 inflammasome complex C A protein complex that consists of two components, NLRP1 (NALP1) and caspase-1 or caspase-5. The exact mechanisms of NLRP1 activation remain obscure, but potassium ion efflux appears to be essential.
72559 NLRP3 inflammasome complex C A protein complex that consists of three components, NLRP3 (NALP3), PYCARD and caspase-1. It is activated upon exposure to whole pathogens, as well as a number of structurally diverse pathogen- and danger-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs and DAMPs) and environmental irritants. Whole pathogens demonstrated to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome complex include the fungi Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, bacteria that produce pore-forming toxins, including Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus, and viruses such as Sendai virus, adenovirus, and influenza virus.
72560 type B pancreatic cell maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a type B pancreatic cell to attain its fully functional state. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin.
72562 blood microparticle C A phospholipid microvesicle that is derived from any of several cell types, such as platelets, blood cells, endothelial cells, or others, and contains membrane receptors as well as other proteins characteristic of the parental cell. Microparticles are heterogeneous in size, and are characterized as microvesicles free of nucleic acids.
72563 endothelial microparticle C A blood microparticle that is derived from, and contains membrane receptors as well as other proteins characteristic of, an endothelial cell.
72564 blood microparticle formation P The cellular component organization process in which microparticles bud off from a parent cell. A microparticle is a phospholipid microvesicle that is derived from any of several cell types, such as platelets, blood cells, endothelial cells, or others, and contains membrane receptors as well as other proteins characteristic of the parental cell.
72565 endothelial microparticle formation P The cellular component organization process in which microparticles bud off from an endothelial cell.
72566 chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 production P The appearance of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
72567 chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production P The appearance of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
72570 ADP-D-ribose binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ADP-D-ribose, an ADP-aldose having ribose as the aldose fragment.
72571 mono-ADP-D-ribose binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with monomeric ADP-D-ribose, an ADP-aldose having ribose as the aldose fragment.
72572 poly-ADP-D-ribose binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with polymeric ADP-D-ribose, a polymer that is composed of poly-ADP-D-ribose units linked through 1,2-glycosidic bonds at the ribose ring.
72573 tolerance induction to lipopolysaccharide P Tolerance induction directed at lipopolysaccharide antigens.
72574 hepatocyte proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of hepatocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Hepatocytes form the main structural component of the liver. They are specialized epithelial cells that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules.
72575 epithelial cell proliferation involved in liver morphogenesis P The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to the shaping of the liver.
72576 liver morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the liver are generated and organized.
72577 endothelial cell apoptotic process P Any apoptotic process in an endothelial cell. An endothelial cell comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures and can be squamous or cuboidal.
72578 neurotransmitter-gated ion channel clustering P The receptor clustering process in which neurotransmitter-gated ion channels are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane.
72579 glycine receptor clustering P The receptor clustering process in which glycine receptors are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane.
72580 bacterial-type EF-P lysine modification P The modification of a lysine residue in a protein to produce (2S)-2-amino-6-([(3S)-3,6-diaminohexanoyl]amino)hexanoic acid, and the subsequent hydroxylation of the modified lysine residue. This modification is observed in, and is probably unique to, the prokaryotic translation elongation factor P (EF-P).
72581 protein-N6-(L-lysyl)-L-lysine modification to protein-N6-(beta-lysyl)-L-lysine P The modification of an N6-(lysyl)-L-lysine residue in a protein, producing protein-N6-(beta-lysyl)-L-lysine ((2S)-2-amino-6-([(2S)-2,6-diaminohexanoyl]amino)hexanoic acid). This modification is observed in, and is probably unique to, translation elongation factor P (EF-P).
72582 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a 17-beta-hydroxysteroid + NADP+ = a 17-oxosteroid + NADPH + H+.
72583 clathrin-dependent endocytosis P An endocytosis process that begins when material is taken up into clathrin-coated pits, which then pinch off to form clathrin-coated endocytic vesicles.
72584 caveolin-mediated endocytosis P An endocytosis process that begins when material is taken up into plasma membrane caveolae, which then pinch off to form endocytic caveolar carriers.
72585 xanthosine nucleotidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: xanthosine + H2O = D-ribose + xanthine.
72586 DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) regulator activity F Modulates the activity of ATP-hydrolyzing DNA topoisomerase. DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) regulator activity catalyzes a DNA topological transformation by transiently cleaving a pair of complementary DNA strands to form a gate through which a second double-stranded DNA segment is passed, after which the severed strands in the first DNA segment are rejoined; product release is coupled to ATP binding and hydrolysis; changes the linking number in multiples of 2.
72587 DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activator activity F Binds to and increases the activity of ATP-hydrolyzing DNA topoisomerase. DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) regulator activity catalyzes a DNA topological transformation by transiently cleaving a pair of complementary DNA strands to form a gate through which a second double-stranded DNA segment is passed, after which the severed strands in the first DNA segment are rejoined; product release is coupled to ATP binding and hydrolysis; changes the linking number in multiples of 2.
72588 box H/ACA RNP complex C A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains an RNA of the box H/ACA type and the four core proteins dyskerin, NOP10, NHP2, and GAR1 (human protein nomenclature). RNA pseudouridylation (isomerization of uridine to pseudouridine) is the major, and most likely the ancestral, function of H/ACA RNPs. Pseudouridylation targets include both large and small ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), and small nuclear RNA (U2 snRNA). In addition to these catalytic H/ACA RNPs, a less abundant but more diverse class of structural H/ACA RNPs exists, which does not have pseudouridylation activity. These include the vertebrate telomerase RNP complex.
72589 box H/ACA scaRNP complex C A box H/ACA RNP complex that is located in the Cajal body of the nucleoplasm. In higher eukaryotes, box H/ACA RNP located in Cajal bodies mediate pseudouridylation of spliceosomal snRNAs.
72590 N-acetyl-L-aspartate-L-glutamate ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + N-acetyl-L-aspartate + L-glutamate = ADP + phosphate + N-acetylaspartyl-glutamate.
72591 citrate-L-glutamate ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + citrate + L-glutamate = ADP + phosphate + beta-citryl-L-glutamate.
72592 oxygen metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving diatomic oxygen (O2).
72593 reactive oxygen species metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a reactive oxygen species, any molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. They contribute to the microbicidal activity of phagocytes, regulation of signal transduction and gene expression, and the oxidative damage to biopolymers.
72594 establishment of protein localization to organelle P The directed movement of a protein to a specific location on or in an organelle. Encompasses establishment of localization in the membrane or lumen of a membrane-bounded organelle.
72595 maintenance of protein localization in organelle P Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location a specific location on or in an organelle, and is prevented from moving elsewhere. Encompasses establishment of localization in the membrane or lumen of a membrane-bounded organelle.
72596 establishment of protein localization to chloroplast P The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in a chloroplast.
72597 maintenance of protein location in chloroplast P Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location in a chloroplast, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.
72598 protein localization to chloroplast P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location in a chloroplast.
72599 establishment of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum P The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the endoplasmic reticulum.
72600 establishment of protein localization to Golgi P The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the Golgi apparatus.
72601 interleukin-3 secretion P The regulated release of interleukin-3 from a cell.
72602 interleukin-4 secretion P The regulated release of interleukin-4 from a cell.
72603 interleukin-5 secretion P The regulated release of interleukin-5 from a cell.
72604 interleukin-6 secretion P The regulated release of interleukin-6 from a cell.
72605 interleukin-7 secretion P The regulated release of interleukin-7 from a cell.
72606 interleukin-8 secretion P The regulated release of interleukin-8 from a cell.
72607 interleukin-9 secretion P The regulated release of interleukin-9 from a cell.
72608 interleukin-10 secretion P The regulated release of interleukin-10 from a cell.
72609 interleukin-11 secretion P The regulated release of interleukin-11 from a cell.
72610 interleukin-12 secretion P The regulated release of interleukin-12 from a cell.
72611 interleukin-13 secretion P The regulated release of interleukin-13 from a cell.
72612 interleukin-14 secretion P The regulated release of interleukin-14 from a cell.
72613 interleukin-15 secretion P The regulated release of interleukin-15 from a cell.
72614 interleukin-16 secretion P The regulated release of interleukin-16 from a cell.
72615 interleukin-17 secretion P The regulated release of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines from a cell.
72616 interleukin-18 secretion P The regulated release of interleukin-18 from a cell.
72617 interleukin-19 secretion P The regulated release of interleukin-19 from a cell.
72618 interleukin-20 secretion P The regulated release of interleukin-20 from a cell.
72619 interleukin-21 secretion P The regulated release of interleukin-21 from a cell.
72620 interleukin-22 secretion P The regulated release of interleukin-22 from a cell.
72621 interleukin-23 secretion P The regulated release of interleukin-23 from a cell.
72622 interleukin-24 secretion P The regulated release of interleukin-24 from a cell.
72623 interleukin-25 secretion P The regulated release of interleukin-25 from a cell.
72624 interleukin-26 secretion P The regulated release of interleukin-26 from a cell.
72625 interleukin-27 secretion P The regulated release of interleukin-27 from a cell.
72626 interleukin-35 secretion P The regulated release of interleukin-35 from a cell.
72627 interleukin-28A production P The appearance of interleukin-28A due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
72628 interleukin-28A secretion P The regulated release of interleukin-28A from a cell.
72629 interleukin-28B production P The appearance of interleukin-28B due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
72630 interleukin-28B secretion P The regulated release of interleukin-28B from a cell.
72631 interleukin-29 production P The appearance of interleukin-29 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
72632 interleukin-29 secretion P The regulated release of interleukin-29 from a cell.
72633 interleukin-30 production P The appearance of interleukin-30 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
72634 interleukin-30 secretion P The regulated release of interleukin-30 from a cell.
72635 interleukin-31 production P The appearance of interleukin-31 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
72636 interleukin-31 secretion P The regulated release of interleukin-31 from a cell.
72637 interleukin-32 production P The appearance of interleukin-32 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
72638 interleukin-32 secretion P The regulated release of interleukin-32 from a cell.
72639 interleukin-33 production P The appearance of interleukin-33 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
72640 interleukin-33 secretion P The regulated release of interleukin-33 from a cell.
72641 type I interferon secretion P The regulated release of type I interferon from a cell.
72642 interferon-alpha secretion P The regulated release of interferon-alpha from a cell.
72643 interferon-gamma secretion P The regulated release of interferon-gamma from a cell.
72644 type III interferon secretion P The regulated release of type III interferon from a cell. Interferon lambda is the only member of the type III interferon found so far.
72645 interferon-delta production P The appearance of interferon-delta due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
72646 interferon-delta secretion P The regulated release of interferon-delta from a cell.
72647 interferon-epsilon production P The appearance of interferon-epsilon due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
72648 interferon-epsilon secretion P The regulated release of interferon-epsilon from a cell.
72649 interferon-kappa production P The appearance of interferon-kappa due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
72650 interferon-kappa secretion P The regulated release of interferon-kappa from a cell.
72651 interferon-tau production P The appearance of interferon-tau due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
72652 interferon-tau secretion P The regulated release of interferon-tau from a cell.
72653 interferon-omega production P The appearance of interferon-omega due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
72654 interferon-omega secretion P The regulated release of interferon-omega from a cell.
72655 establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion P The directed movement of a protein to the mitochondrion or a part of the mitochondrion.
72656 maintenance of protein location in mitochondrion P Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location in a mitochondrion, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.
72657 protein localization to membrane P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in a membrane.
72658 maintenance of protein location in membrane P Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location in a membrane, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.
72659 protein localization to plasma membrane P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the plasma membrane.
72660 maintenance of protein location in plasma membrane P Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location in the plasma membrane, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.
72661 protein targeting to plasma membrane P The process of directing proteins towards the plasma membrane; usually uses signals contained within the protein.
72662 protein localization to peroxisome P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location in a peroxisome.
72663 establishment of protein localization to peroxisome P The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in a peroxisome.
72664 maintenance of protein location in peroxisome P Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location in a peroxisome, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.
72665 protein localization to vacuole P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location in a vacuole.
72666 establishment of protein localization to vacuole P The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in a vacuole.
72667 maintenance of protein location in vacuole P Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location in a vacuole, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.
72669 tRNA-splicing ligase complex C A protein complex that catalyzes the ligation of cleaved pre-tRNAs by directly joining spliced tRNA halves to mature-sized tRNAs by incorporating the precursor-derived splice junction phosphate into the mature tRNA as a canonical 3',5'-phosphodiester.
72670 mitochondrial tRNA threonylcarbamoyladenosine modification P The attachment of a carbonyl group and a threonine to the amino group of the adenine residue immediately 3' of the anticodon, in mitochondrial tRNAs that decode ANN codons (where N is any base).
72671 mitochondria-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proteins transported from mitochondria and targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation as a response to oxidative stress conditions.
72672 neutrophil extravasation P The migration of a neutrophil from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.
72673 lamellipodium morphogenesis P A process that is carried out at the cellular level and in which the structure of a lamellipodium is organized.
72674 multinuclear osteoclast differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of a multinuclear osteoclast. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue.
72675 osteoclast fusion P The plasma membrane fusion process that results in fusion of mononuclear osteoclasts to form a multinuclear osteoclast.
72676 lymphocyte migration P The movement of a lymphocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body.
72677 eosinophil migration P The movement of an eosinophil within or between different tissues and organs of the body.
72678 T cell migration P The movement of a T cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.
72679 thymocyte migration P The movement of a thymocyte through distinct intrathymic niches (e.g. medulla, cortex), where it receives a unique set of developmental cues required for T-cell development.
72680 extracellular matrix-dependent thymocyte migration P The movement of a thymocyte through distinct intrathymic niches (e.g. medulla, cortex), where it receives a unique set of developmental cues required for T-cell development, dependent on extracellular matrix components including fibronectin, collagen and laminin.
72681 fibronectin-dependent thymocyte migration P The movement of a thymocyte through distinct intrathymic niches (e.g. medulla, cortex), where it receives a unique set of developmental cues required for T-cell development, dependent on fibronectin in the extracellular matrix.
72682 eosinophil extravasation P The migration of an eosinophil from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.
72683 T cell extravasation P The migration of a T cell from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.
72684 mitochondrial tRNA 3'-trailer cleavage, endonucleolytic P Endonucleolytic cleavage of the 3'-end of the pre-tRNA as part of the process of generating the mature 3'-end of the tRNA in the mitochondrion.
72685 Mre11 complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an Mre11 complex, a trimeric protein complex that possesses endonuclease activity and is involved in meiotic recombination, DNA repair and checkpoint signaling.
72686 mitotic spindle C A spindle that forms as part of mitosis. Mitotic and meiotic spindles contain distinctive complements of proteins associated with microtubules.
72687 meiotic spindle C A spindle that forms as part of meiosis. Several proteins, such as budding yeast Spo21p, fission yeast Spo2 and Spo13, and C. elegans mei-1, localize specifically to the meiotic spindle and are absent from the mitotic spindle.
72688 SHREC complex localization P Any process in which a SHREC complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
72689 MCM complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an MCM complex, a hexameric protein complex required for the initiation and regulation of DNA replication.
72690 single-celled organism vegetative growth phase P A phase of population growth during which single celled organisms reproduce by budding, fission, or other asexual methods.
72691 initiation of premeiotic DNA replication P A process of DNA-dependent DNA replication initiation that occurs as part of premeiotic DNA replication.
72693 protein targeting to prospore membrane P The process of directing proteins towards the prospore membrane; usually uses signals contained within the protein.
72695 regulation of DNA recombination at telomere P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination within the telomere.
72696 positive regulation of DNA recombination at telomere P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination within the telomere.
72697 protein localization to cell cortex P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the cell cortex.
72698 protein localization to microtubule cytoskeleton P A cellular protein localization process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location within the microtubule cytoskeleton.
72699 protein localization to cortical microtubule cytoskeleton P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location within the cortical microtubule cytoskeleton.
72700 response to bismuth P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bismuth (Bi) stimulus.
72701 cellular response to bismuth P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bismuth (Bi) stimulus.
72702 response to methyl methanesulfonate P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) stimulus.
72703 cellular response to methyl methanesulfonate P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) stimulus.
72704 response to mercaptoethanol P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mercaptoethanol stimulus.
72705 cellular response to mercaptoethanol P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mercaptoethanol stimulus.
72706 response to sodium dodecyl sulfate P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) stimulus.
72707 cellular response to sodium dodecyl sulfate P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) stimulus.
72708 response to sorbitol P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sorbitol stimulus.
72709 cellular response to sorbitol P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sorbitol stimulus.
72710 response to hydroxyurea P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroxyurea stimulus.
72711 cellular response to hydroxyurea P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroxyurea stimulus.
72712 response to thiabendazole P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a thiabendazole stimulus.
72713 cellular response to thiabendazole P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a thiabendazole stimulus.
72714 response to selenite ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a selenite ion stimulus.
72715 cellular response to selenite ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a selenite ion stimulus.
72716 response to actinomycin D P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an actinomycin D stimulus.
72717 cellular response to actinomycin D P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an actinomycin D stimulus.
72718 response to cisplatin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cisplatin stimulus.
72719 cellular response to cisplatin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cisplatin stimulus.
72720 response to dithiothreitol P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dithiothreitol stimulus.
72721 cellular response to dithiothreitol P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dithiothreitol stimulus.
72722 response to amitrole P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amitrole stimulus.
72723 cellular response to amitrole P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amitrole stimulus.
72724 response to 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide stimulus.
72725 cellular response to 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide stimulus.
72726 response to CCCP P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a CCCP stimulus.
72727 cellular response to CCCP P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a CCCP stimulus.
72728 response to Gentian violet P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a Gentian violet stimulus.
72729 cellular response to Gentian violet P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a Gentian violet stimulus.
72730 response to papulacandin B P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a papulacandin B stimulus.
72731 cellular response to papulacandin B P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a papulacandin B stimulus.
72732 cellular response to calcium ion starvation P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of calcium ions.
72733 response to staurosporine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a staurosporine stimulus.
72734 cellular response to staurosporine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a staurosporine stimulus.
72735 response to t-BOOH P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH) stimulus.
72736 cellular response to t-BOOH P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH) stimulus.
72737 response to diamide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diamide (N,N,N',N'-tetramethyldiazene-1,2-dicarboxamide) stimulus.
72738 cellular response to diamide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diamide (N,N,N',N'-tetramethyldiazene-1,2-dicarboxamide) stimulus.
72739 response to anisomycin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an anisomycin stimulus.
72740 cellular response to anisomycin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an anisomycin stimulus.
72741 protein localization to cell division site P A cellular protein localization process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the site of cell division.
72742 SAGA complex localization to transcription regulatory region P Any process in which a SAGA complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the transcription regulatory region of a gene.
72743 cellular response to erythromycin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an erythromycin stimulus.
72744 cellular response to trichodermin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trichodermin stimulus.
72745 cellular response to antimycin A P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antimycin A stimulus.
72746 cellular response to tetracycline P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tetracycline stimulus.
72747 cellular response to chloramphenicol P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chloramphenicol stimulus.
72748 cellular response to tacrolimus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tacrolimus stimulus.
72749 cellular response to cytochalasin B P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytochalasin B stimulus.
72750 cellular response to leptomycin B P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leptomycin B stimulus.
72751 cellular response to L-thialysine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-thialysine stimulus.
72752 cellular response to rapamycin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a rapamycin stimulus.
72753 cellular response to glutathione P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glutathione stimulus.
72754 cellular response to purvalanol A P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a purvalanol A stimulus.
72755 cellular response to benomyl P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a benomyl stimulus.
72756 cellular response to paraquat P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a paraquat stimulus.
72757 cellular response to camptothecin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a camptothecin stimulus.
72758 response to topoisomerase inhibitor P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a topoisomerase inhibitor stimulus.
72759 cellular response to topoisomerase inhibitor P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a topoisomerase inhibitor stimulus.
72760 cellular response to GW 7647 P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a GW 7647 stimulus.
72761 cellular response to capsazepine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a capsazepine stimulus.
72762 cellular response to carbendazim P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbendazim stimulus.
72763 cellular response to hesperadin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hesperadin stimulus.
72764 cellular response to reversine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a reversine stimulus.
72765 centromere localization P A cellular localization process in which a centromere/kinetochore is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
72766 centromere clustering at the mitotic nuclear envelope P A cellular localization process in which kinetochores/centromeres are coupled together at the nuclear periphery. This process is responsible for the Rabl-like configuration of chromosomes in the interphase nuclei. In fission yeast this occurs at a location near the old mitotic spindle pole body.
75000 response to host osmotic environment P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of the symbiont or its cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the osmotic conditions in or around its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75001 adhesion of symbiont infection structure to host P The attachment of an infection structure of the symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc., either directly or indirectly. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75002 adhesion of symbiont germination tube to host P The attachment of a germination tube of the symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75003 adhesion of symbiont appressorium to host P The attachment of an appressorium of the symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75004 adhesion of symbiont spore to host P The attachment of a spore of the symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75005 spore germination on or near host P The physiological, developmental and morphological changes that occur in a symbiont spore following release from dormancy up to the earliest signs of growth occurring on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75006 modulation of spore germination on or near host P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spore germination on or near host, which is the physiological, developmental and morphological changes that occur in a symbiont spore following release from dormancy up to the earliest signs of growth occurring on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75007 positive regulation of spore germination on or near host P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spore germination on or near host, which is the physiological, developmental and morphological changes that occur in a symbiont spore following release from dormancy up to the earliest signs of growth occurring on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75008 negative regulation of spore germination on or near host P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spore germination on or near host, which is the physiological, developmental and morphological changes that occur in a symbiont spore following release from dormancy up to the earliest signs of growth occurring on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75009 germ tube formation on or near host P Development of slender tubular outgrowth first produced by most symbiont spores immediately following germination on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75010 modulation of germ tube formation on or near host P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of germ tube formation on or near host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75011 positive regulation of germ tube formation on or near host P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of germ tube formation on or near host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75012 negative regulation of germ tube formation on or near host P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of germ tube formation on or near host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75015 formation of infection structure on or near host P The process in which a symbiont structure that serves to infect the host is formed on or near its host organism. It includes physiological, developmental, and morphological changes of the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75016 appressorium formation on or near host P The process in which a swollen, flattened portion of a symbiont filament is formed on or near its host organism, to adhere to and for the purpose of penetrating the host surface. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75017 regulation of appressorium formation on or near host P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont appressorium formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75018 positive regulation of appressorium formation on or near host P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont appressorium formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75019 negative regulation of appressorium formation on or near host P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont appressorium formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75020 calcium or calmodulin-mediated activation of appressorium formation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction during appressorium formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75021 cAMP-mediated activation of appressorium formation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont cAMP mediated signal transduction during appressorium formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75022 ethylene-mediated activation of appressorium formation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont ethylene-mediated signal transduction during appressorium formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75023 MAPK-mediated regulation of appressorium formation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction during appressorium formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75024 phospholipase C-mediated activation of appressorium formation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont phospholipase C-mediated signal transduction during appressorium formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75025 initiation of appressorium on or near host P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell starts to acquire specialized features of the symbiont appressorium to aid in infection of the host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75026 regulation of appressorium initiation on or near host P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont appressorium initiation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75027 positive regulation of appressorium initiation on or near host P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont appressorium initiation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75028 negative regulation of appressorium initiation on or near host P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent symbiont appressorium initiation near or on host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75029 formation of symbiont germ tube hook structure on or near host P The development of a swollen tip at the growing end of a symbiont spore which usually flattens against the host cell surface prior to appressorium formation. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75030 modulation of symbiont germ tube hook structure formation on or near host P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont germ tube hook structure formation on or near host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75031 positive regulation of symbiont germ tube hook structure formation on or near host P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont germ tube hook structure formation on or near host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75032 negative regulation of symbiont germ tube hook structure formation on or near host P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont germ tube hook structure formation on or near host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75033 septum formation involved in appressorium formation on or near host P The process in which a symbiont partition is formed to separate the appressorium from the germination tube, occurring on or near the exterior of its host organism during appressorium formation. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75034 nuclear division involved in appressorium formation on or near host P The process in which nuclear division occurs within a symbiont spore that contributes to appressorium formation on or near the exterior of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75035 maturation of appressorium on or near host P The process in which specialized features of the symbiont appressorium are acquired post initiation, to aid in infection of the host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75036 regulation of appressorium maturation on or near host P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont appressorium maturation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75037 positive regulation of appressorium maturation on or near host P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont appressorium maturation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75038 negative regulation of appressorium maturation on or near host P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent symbiont appressorium maturation in, near or on host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75039 establishment of turgor in appressorium P The process in which hydrostatic pressure is increased within the symbiont appressorium to breach the cuticle of the host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75040 regulation of establishment of turgor in appressorium P Any process modulates the frequency, rate or extent of turgor formation in the symbiont appressorium on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75041 positive regulation of establishment of turgor in appressorium P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of turgor formation in the symbiont appressorium on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75042 negative regulation of establishment of turgor in appressorium P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of turgor formation in the symbiont appressorium on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75043 maintenance of turgor in appressorium by melanization P The process in which melanin is produced in the appressorium of the symbiont on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75044 autophagy of host cells involved in interaction with symbiont P The process in which the host cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm during interaction with its symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75045 regulation of formation by symbiont of haustorium for nutrient acquisition from host P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium formation for nutrient acquisition from host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75046 positive regulation of formation by symbiont of haustorium for nutrient acquisition from host P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium formation for nutrient acquisition from host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75047 negative regulation of formation by symbiont of haustorium for nutrient acquisition from host P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium formation for nutrient acquisition from host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75048 cell wall strengthening in symbiont involved in entry into host P A process in which the cell wall of the symbiont is strengthened or thickened during penetration into the body, tissues, or cells of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75049 modulation of symbiont cell wall strengthening involved in entry into host P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont cell wall strengthening during entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75050 positive regulation of symbiont cell wall strengthening involved in entry into host P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont cell wall strengthening during entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75051 negative regulation of symbiont cell wall strengthening involved in entry into host P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont cell wall strengthening during entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75052 entry into host via a specialized structure P Penetration via a specialized structure of symbiont into the body, tissues, or cells of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75053 formation of symbiont penetration peg for entry into host P The assembly by the symbiont of a peg-like structure for the purpose of penetration into its host organism, which penetrates through the host cuticle and epidermal cell wall. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75054 modulation of symbiont penetration peg formation for entry into host P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont penetration peg formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75055 positive regulation of symbiont penetration peg formation for entry into host P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont penetration peg formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75056 negative regulation of symbiont penetration peg formation for entry into host P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont penetration peg formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75057 initiation of symbiont penetration peg P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell of the symbiont starts to acquire the characteristics of a mature penetration peg to penetrate into its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75058 modulation of symbiont penetration peg initiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of penetration peg initiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell start to acquire the characteristics of a mature penetration peg when the symbiont penetrates its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75059 positive regulation of symbiont penetration peg initiation P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont penetration peg initiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell starts to acquire the characteristics of a mature penetration peg during the symbiont penetrating into its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75060 negative regulation of symbiont penetration peg initiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont penetration peg initiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell starts to acquire the characteristics of a mature penetration peg during the symbiont penetrating into its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75061 formation of symbiont invasive hypha in host P The assembly by the symbiont of a threadlike, tubular structure, which may contain multiple nuclei and may or may not be divided internally by septa or cross-walls, for the purpose of invasive growth within its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75062 regulation of symbiont invasive hypha formation in host P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont invasive hypha formation within host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75063 positive regulation of symbiont invasive hypha formation in host P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont invasive hypha formation within host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75064 negative regulation of symbiont invasive hypha formation in host P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont invasive hypha formation within host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75069 adhesion of symbiont infection cushion to host P The attachment of an infection cushion of the symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75070 adhesion of symbiont hyphopodium to host P The attachment of a hyphopodium of the symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75071 autophagy involved in symbiotic interaction P The process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm during a symbiotic interaction; allows for both recycling of macromolecular constituents under conditions of cellular stress and remodeling the intracellular structure for cell differentiation. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75072 autophagy of symbiont cells involved in interaction with host P The process in which symbiont cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm during interaction with its host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75073 autophagy of symbiont cells on or near host surface P The process in which symbiont cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm, occurring when the symbiont is on or near its host surface. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75074 spore autophagy involved in appressorium formation on or near host P The process in which a symbiont spore digests parts of its own cytoplasm, occurring when the appressorium forms on or near the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75075 modulation by host of symbiont adenylate cyclase activity P Any process in which the host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont adenylate cyclase activity, which catalyze the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75076 positive regulation by host of symbiont adenylate cyclase activity P Any process in which the host organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont adenylate cyclase activity, which catalyze the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75077 negative regulation by host of symbiont adenylate cyclase activity P Any process in which the host organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont adenylate cyclase activity, which catalyze the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75078 modulation by host of symbiont receptor-mediated signal transduction P Any process in which the host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The receptor is defined as a protein on the cell membrane or within the cytoplasm or cell nucleus that binds to a specific molecule (a ligand) such as a neurotransmitter or a hormone or other substance, and initiates the cellular response to the ligand. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75079 positive regulation by host of symbiont receptor-mediated signal transduction P Any process in which the host organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75080 negative regulation by host of symbiont receptor-mediated signal transduction P Any process in which the host organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75081 modulation by host of symbiont transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction P Any process in which the host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75082 positive regulation by host of symbiont transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction P Any process in which the host organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75083 negative regulation by host of symbiont transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction P Any process in which the host organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75084 modulation by host of symbiont transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction P Any process in which the host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75085 positive regulation by host of symbiont transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction P Any process in which the host organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction in the symbiont organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75086 negative regulation by host of symbiont transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction P Any process in which the host organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75087 modulation by host of symbiont G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction P Any process in which the host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75088 positive regulation by host of symbiont G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction P Any process in which the host organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75089 negative regulation by host of symbiont G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction P Any process in which the host organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75090 modulation by host of symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein alpha subunit P Any process in which the host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein alpha subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75091 positive regulation by host of symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein alpha subunit P Any process in which the host organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein alpha subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75092 negative regulation by host of symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein alpha subunit P Any process in which the host organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein alpha subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75093 modulation by host of symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein beta subunit P Any process in which the host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein beta subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75094 positive regulation by host of symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein beta subunit P Any process in which the host organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein beta subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75095 negative regulation by host of symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein beta subunit P Any process in which the host organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein beta subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75096 modulation by host of symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein gamma subunit P Any process in which the host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein gamma subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75097 positive regulation by host of symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein gamma subunit P Any process in which the host organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein gamma subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75098 negative regulation by host of symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein gamma subunit P Any process in which the host organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein gamma subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75099 modulation by host of symbiont protein kinase-mediated signal transduction P Any process in which the host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75100 positive regulation by host of symbiont protein kinase-mediated signal transduction P Any process in which the host organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75101 negative regulation by host of symbiont protein kinase-mediated signal transduction P Any process in which the host organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75102 negative regulation by host of symbiont MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction P Any process in which the host organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75103 modulation by host of symbiont calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction P Any process in which the host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75104 positive regulation by host of symbiont calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction P Any process in which the host organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75105 negative regulation by host of symbiont calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction P Any process in which the host organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75106 modulation by symbiont of host adenylate cyclase activity P Any process in which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the host adenylate cyclase activity, which involves catalysis of the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75107 positive regulation by symbiont of host adenylate cyclase activity P Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the host adenylate cyclase activity, which involves catalysis of the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75108 negative regulation by symbiont of host adenylate cyclase activity P Any process in which the symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the host adenylate cyclase activity, which catalyze the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75109 modulation by symbiont of host receptor-mediated signal transduction P Any process in which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The receptor is defined as a protein on the cell membrane or within the cytoplasm or cell nucleus that binds to a specific molecule (a ligand) such as a neurotransmitter or a hormone or other substance, and initiates the cellular response to the ligand. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75110 positive regulation by symbiont of host receptor-mediated signal transduction P Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75111 negative regulation by symbiont of host receptor-mediated signal transduction P Any process in which the symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75112 modulation by symbiont of host transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction P Any process in which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75113 positive regulation by symbiont of host transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction P Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75114 negative regulation by symbiont of host transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction P Any process in which the symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75115 modulation by symbiont of host transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction P Any process in which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of host transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75116 positive regulation by symbiont of host transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction P Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of host transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75117 negative regulation by symbiont of host transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction P Any process in which the symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75118 modulation by symbiont of host G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction P Any process in which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the host G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75119 positive regulation by symbiont of host G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction P Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the host G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75120 negative regulation by symbiont of host G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction P Any process in which the symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the host G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75121 modulation by symbiont of host signal transduction mediated by G-protein alpha subunit P Any process in which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the host signal transduction mediated by G-protein alpha subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75122 positive regulation by symbiont of host signal transduction mediated by G-protein alpha subunit P Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the host signal transduction mediated by G-protein alpha subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75123 negative regulation by symbiont of host signal transduction mediated by G-protein alpha subunit P Any process in which the symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the host signal transduction mediated by G-protein alpha subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75124 modulation by symbiont of host signal transduction mediated by G-protein beta subunit P Any process in which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the host signal transduction mediated by G-protein beta subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75125 positive regulation by symbiont of host signal transduction mediated by G-protein beta subunit P Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the host signal transduction mediated by G-protein beta subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75126 negative regulation by symbiont of host signal transduction mediated by G-protein beta subunit P Any process in which the symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the host signal transduction mediated by G-protein beta subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75127 modulation by symbiont of host signal transduction mediated by G-protein gamma subunit P Any process in which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the host signal transduction mediated by G-protein gamma subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75128 positive regulation by symbiont of host signal transduction mediated by G-protein gamma subunit P Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the host signal transduction mediated by G-protein gamma subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75129 negative regulation by symbiont of host signal transduction mediated by G-protein gamma subunit P Any process in which the symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the host signal transduction mediated by G-protein gamma subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75130 modulation by symbiont of host protein kinase-mediated signal transduction P Any process in which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75131 positive regulation by symbiont of host protein kinase-mediated signal transduction P Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75132 negative regulation by symbiont of host protein kinase-mediated signal transduction P Any process in which the symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75133 modulation by symbiont of host calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction P Any process in which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75134 positive regulation by symbiont of host calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction P Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75135 negative regulation by symbiont of host calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction P Any process in which the symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75136 response to host P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of the symbiont or its cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75137 response to host redox environment P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of the symbiont organism or its cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting the redox environment in host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75138 response to host oxygen tension environment P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of the symbiont or its cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting oxygen tension in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75139 response to host iron concentration P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of the symbiont or its cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting iron concentration in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75140 response to host defense molecules P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of the symbiont or its cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting host defense molecules. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75141 maintenance of symbiont tolerance to host environment P Any process that contributes to the maintenance of a physiologic state in which the symbiont immune system does not react destructively against the components of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75142 maintenance of symbiont tolerance to host oxygen tension environment P Any process that contributes to the maintenance of a physiologic state in which the symbiont immune system does not react destructively against oxygen tension environment of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75143 maintenance of symbiont tolerance to host redox environment P Any process that contributes to the maintenance of a physiologic state in which the symbiont immune system does not react destructively against redox environment of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75144 maintenance of symbiont tolerance to host iron concentration P Any process that contributes to the maintenance of a physiologic state in which the symbiont immune system does not react destructively against iron concentration environment of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75145 maintenance of symbiont tolerance to host defense molecules P Any process that contributes to the maintenance of a physiologic state in which the symbiont immune system does not react destructively against defense molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75146 maintenance of symbiont tolerance to host osmotic environment P Any process that contributes to the maintenance of a physiologic state in which the symbiont immune system does not react destructively against osmotic environment of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75147 regulation of signal transduction in response to host P Any process in which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75148 positive regulation of signal transduction in response to host P Any process in which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75149 negative regulation of signal transduction in response to host P Any process in which the symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75150 regulation of receptor-mediated signal transduction in response to host P Any process in which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its receptor-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75151 positive regulation of receptor-mediated signal transduction in response to host P Any process in which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its receptor-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75152 negative regulation of receptor-mediated signal transduction in response to host P Any process in which the symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont receptor-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75153 regulation of transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction in response to host P Any process in which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75154 positive regulation of transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction in response to host P Any process in which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75155 negative regulation of transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction in response to host P Any process in which the symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75156 regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway in response to host P Any process in which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its G-protein coupled receptor protein-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75157 positive regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway in response to host P Any process in which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its G-protein coupled receptor protein-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75158 negative regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway in response to host P Any process in which the symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont G-protein coupled receptor protein-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75159 regulation of G-protein alpha subunit-mediated signal transduction in response to host P Any process in which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its G-protein alpha subunit-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75160 positive regulation of G-protein alpha subunit-mediated signal transduction in response to host P Any process in which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its G-protein alpha subunit-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75161 negative regulation of G-protein alpha subunit-mediated signal transduction in response to host P Any process in which the symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont G-protein alpha subunit-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75162 regulation of G-protein beta subunit-mediated signal transduction in response to host P Any process in which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its G-protein beta subunit-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75163 positive regulation of G-protein beta subunit-mediated signal transduction in response to host P Any process in which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its G-protein beta subunit-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75164 negative regulation of G-protein beta subunit-mediated signal transduction in response to host P Any process in which the symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont G-protein beta subunit-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75165 regulation of G-protein gamma subunit-mediated signal transduction in response to host P Any process in which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its G-protein gamma subunit-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75166 positive regulation of G-protein gamma subunit-mediated signal transduction in response to host P Any process in which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its G-protein gamma subunit-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75167 negative regulation of G-protein gamma subunit-mediated signal transduction in response to host P Any process in which the symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont G-protein gamma subunit-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75168 regulation of protein kinase-mediated signal transduction in response to host P Any process in which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its protein kinase-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75169 positive regulation of symbiont protein kinase-mediated signal transduction in response to host P Any process in which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its protein kinase-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75170 negative regulation of protein kinase-mediated signal transduction in response to host P Any process in which the symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont protein kinase-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75171 regulation of MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction in response to host P Any process in which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75172 positive regulation of MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction in response to host P Any process in which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75173 negative regulation of MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction in response to host P Any process in which the symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75174 regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling in response to host P Any process in which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its cAMP-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75175 positive regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling in response to host P Any process in which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its cAMP-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75176 negative regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling in response to host P Any process in which the symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its cAMP-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75177 regulation of calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction in response to host P Any process in which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting host molecules in, on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75178 positive regulation of calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction in response to host P Any process in which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting host molecules in, on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75179 negative regulation of calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction in response to host P Any process in which the symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting host molecules in, on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75180 regulation of transcription in response to host P Any process in which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its transcription as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75181 positive regulation of symbiont transcription in response to host P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its transcription as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75182 negative regulation of symbiont transcription in response to host P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its transcription as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75183 infection cushion formation on or near host P The process in which an organized mass of hyphae is formed on or near the host organism, and numerous infective hyphae develop from the hyphae mass. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75184 regulation of infection cushion formation on or near host P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont infection cushion formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75185 positive regulation of infection cushion formation on or near host P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont infection cushion formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75186 negative regulation of infection cushion formation on or near host P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont infection cushion formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75187 hyphopodium formation on or near host P The process in which a specialized structure, consisted of stalked, thick-walled, lobed cells of vegetative epiphytic hyphae, is formed, to attach and penetrate the host surface. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75188 regulation of hyphopodium formation on or near host P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont hyphopodium formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75189 positive regulation of hyphopodium formation on or near host P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont hyphopodium formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75190 negative regulation of hyphopodium formation on or near host P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont hyphopodium formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75191 autophagy of host cells on or near symbiont surface P The process in which the host cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm, occurring when the host is on or near its symbiont surface. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75192 haustorium mother cell formation on or near host P The process in which a symbiont cell is formed on or near its host organism, via separated from the tip of an infection hypha by a septum. The haustorium mother cell usually contains 2-4 fungal nuclei, and its function is to attach and penetrate the host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75193 regulation of haustorium mother cell formation on or near host P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium mother cell formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75194 positive regulation of haustorium mother cell formation on or near host P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium mother cell formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75195 negative regulation of haustorium mother cell formation on or near host P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium mother cell formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75196 adhesion of symbiont haustorium mother cell to host P The attachment of a haustorium mother cell of the symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75197 formation of symbiont haustorium neck for entry into host P The assembly by the symbiont of a neck-like structure for the purpose of penetration into its host organism. The neck-like structure connects haustorium mother cell and haustorium. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75198 modulation of symbiont haustorium neck formation for entry into host P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium neck formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75199 positive regulation of symbiont haustorium neck formation for entry into host P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium neck formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75200 negative regulation of symbiont haustorium neck formation for entry into host P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium neck formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75201 formation of symbiont penetration hypha for entry into host P The assembly by the symbiont of a threadlike, tubular structure, which may contain multiple nuclei and may or may not be divided internally by septa or cross-walls, for the purpose of penetration into its host organism. In the case of an appressorium existing, this term is defined in further details as the process in which the symbiont penetration peg expands to form a hypha which traverses the epidermal cell and emerges into the intercellular space of the mesophyll tissue. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75202 modulation of symbiont penetration hypha formation for entry into host P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont penetration hypha formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75203 positive regulation of symbiont penetration hypha formation for entry into host P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont penetration hypha formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75204 negative regulation of symbiont penetration hypha formation for entry into host P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont penetration hypha formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75205 modulation by host of symbiont cAMP-mediated signal transduction P Any process in which the host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The cAMP-mediated signal transduction is defined as a series of molecular signals in which a cell uses cyclic AMP to convert an extracellular signal into a response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75206 positive regulation by host of symbiont cAMP-mediated signal transduction P Any process in which the host organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75207 negative regulation by host of symbiont cAMP-mediated signal transduction P Any process in which the host organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75208 modulation by symbiont of host cAMP-mediated signal transduction P Any process in which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75209 positive regulation by symbiont of host cAMP-mediated signal transduction P Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75210 negative regulation by symbiont of host cAMP-mediated signal transduction P Any process in which the symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75211 regulation of transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signaling in response to host P Any process in which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75212 positive regulation of transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction in response to host P Any process in which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75213 negative regulation of transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction in response to host P Any process in which the symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75214 spore encystment on host P The physiological, developmental and morphological changes that occur in a symbiont spore during the process of its encystment. Encystment means to enter a state of essentially suspended animation in which the spore is protected by an outer coating and remains immobile and inactive until favorable conditions for growth occur again. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75215 modulation of spore encystment on host P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spore encystment on host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75216 positive regulation of spore encystment on host P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spore encystment on host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75217 negative regulation of spore encystment on host P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spore encystment on host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75218 zoospore encystment on host P The physiological, developmental and morphological changes that occur in a symbiont zoospore during the process of its encystment. Encystment means to enter a state of essentially suspended animation in which the spore is protected by an outer coating and remains immobile and inactive until favorable conditions for growth occur again. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75219 modulation of zoospore encystment on host P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore encystment on host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75220 positive regulation of zoospore encystment on host P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore encystment on host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75221 negative regulation of zoospore encystment on host P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore encystment on host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75222 sporangium germination on or near host P The physiological, developmental and morphological changes that occur in a symbiont sporangium following release from dormancy up to the earliest signs of growth occurring on or near its host organism. A sporangium is a structure producing and containing spores. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75223 modulation of sporangium germination on or near host P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sporangium germination. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75224 positive regulation of sporangium germination on or near host P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sporangium germination on or near host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75225 negative regulation of sporangium germination on or near host P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sporangium germination on or near host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75226 encysted zoospore germination on or near host P The physiological, developmental and morphological changes that occur in the symbiont encysted zoospore, which is on or near its host organism and germinates by developing a germ tube that may penetrate the host directly or indirectly through an appresorium. An encysted zoospore is a zoospore which has shed its flagellum and whose membrane has fused to form a walled cyst. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75227 modulation of encysted zoospore germination on or near host P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of encysted zoospore germination on or near host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75228 positive regulation of encysted zoospore germination on or near host P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of encysted zoospore germination on or near host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75229 negative regulation of encysted zoospore germination on or near host P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of encysted zoospore germination on or near host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75230 spore movement on or near host P Any process involved in the directed movement of a motile spore on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75231 modulation of spore movement on or near host P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spore movement on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75232 positive regulation of spore movement on or near host P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spore movement on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75233 negative regulation of spore movement on or near host P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spore movement on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75234 zoospore movement on or near host P Any process involved in the directed movement of a zoospore on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75235 modulation of zoospore movement on or near host P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore movement on or near host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75236 positive regulation of zoospore movement on or near host P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore movement on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75237 negative regulation of zoospore movement on or near host P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore movement on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75238 maintenance of symbiont tolerance to host pH environment P Any process that contributes to the maintenance of a physiologic state in which the symbiont immune system does not react destructively against pH environment of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75239 zoospore formation P The process in which a diploid cell undergoes meiosis, and the meiotic products acquire specialized features of asexual motile mononucleate flagellated spores called zoospores.
75240 regulation of zoospore formation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore formation, a process in which a diploid cell undergoes meiosis, and the meiotic products acquire specialized features of asexual motile mononucleate flagellated spores called zoospores.
75241 positive regulation of zoospore formation P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore formation, a process in which a diploid cell undergoes meiosis, and the meiotic products acquire specialized features of asexual motile mononucleate flagellated spores called zoospores.
75242 negative regulation of zoospore formation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore formation, a process in which a diploid cell undergoes meiosis, and the meiotic products acquire specialized features of asexual motile mononucleate flagellated spores called zoospores.
75243 oospore formation P The process in which male and female gametangia develop and fuse to form an oospore, a thick-walled resting spore of oomycetes.
75244 regulation of oospore formation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oospore formation, a process in which male and female gametangia develop and fuse to form a thick-walled resting spore of oomycetes.
75245 positive regulation of oospore formation P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oospore formation, a process in which male and female gametangia develop and fuse to form a thick-walled resting spore of oomycetes.
75246 negative regulation of oospore formation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oospore formation, a process in which male and female gametangia develop and fuse to form a thick-walled resting spore of oomycetes.
75247 aeciospore formation P The process in which a dikaryotic spore of typically a rust fungus is produced in an aecium; in heteroecious rusts, the aeciospore is a spore stage that infects the alternate host.
75248 regulation of aeciospore formation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aeciospore formation, a process in which a dikaryotic spore of typically a rust fungus is produced in an aecium.
75249 positive regulation of aeciospore formation P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aeciospore formation, a process in which a dikaryotic spore of typically a rust fungus is produced in an aecium.
75250 negative regulation of aeciospore formation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aeciospore formation, a process in which a dikaryotic spore of typically a rust fungus is produced in an aecium.
75251 uredospore formation P The process which specific outcome is the formation of an asexual, dikaryotic, often rusty-colored spore, produced in a structure called a uredinium; mostly found in the rust fungus.
75252 regulation of uredospore formation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of uredospore formation, a process in which an asexual, dikaryotic, often rusty-colored spore, is formed in a structure called a uredinium.
75253 positive regulation of uredospore formation P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of uredospore formation, a process in which an asexual, dikaryotic, often rusty-colored spore, is formed in a structure called a uredinium.
75254 negative regulation of uredospore formation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of uredospore formation, a process in which an asexual, dikaryotic, often rusty-colored spore, is formed in a structure called a uredinium.
75255 teliospore formation P The set of processes leading to the formation of a thick-walled resting or over-wintering spore produced by the rust fungi (Uredinales) and smut fungi (Ustilaginales) in which karyogamy occurs.
75256 regulation of teliospore formation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of teliospore formation, which is the formation of a thick-walled resting or over-wintering spore produced by the rust fungi (Uredinales) and smut fungi (Ustilaginales) in which karyogamy occurs.
75257 positive regulation of teliospore formation P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of teliospore formation, which is the formation of a thick-walled resting or overwintering spore produced by the rust fungi (Uredinales) and smut fungi (Ustilaginales) in which karyogamy occurs.
75258 negative regulation of teliospore formation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of teliospore formation, which is the formation of a thick-walled resting or overwintering spore produced by the rust fungi (Uredinales) and smut fungi (Ustilaginales) in which karyogamy occurs.
75259 spore-bearing structure development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spore-bearing structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A spore-bearing structure is an anatomical structure that produces new spores.
75260 regulation of spore-bearing organ development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spore-bearing organ development, a process in which hyphae grow into special aggregates called fruiting bodies that produce new spores.
75261 positive regulation of spore-bearing organ development P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spore-bearing organ development, a process in which hyphae grow into special aggregates called fruiting bodies that produce new spores.
75262 negative regulation of spore-bearing organ development P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spore-bearing organ development, a process in which hyphae grow into special aggregates called fruiting bodies that produce new spores.
75263 oogonium development P The process that leads to the development of an oogonium, a female gametangium of Oomycetes, containing one or more gametes.
75264 regulation of oogonium development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oogonium development, a process that leads to the formation of a female gametangium of oomycetes, containing one or more gametes.
75265 positive regulation of oogonium development P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oogonium development, a process that leads to the formation of a female gametangium of oomycetes, containing one or more gametes.
75266 negative regulation of oogonium development P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oogonium development, a process that leads to the formation of a female gametangium of oomycetes, containing one or more gametes.
75267 aecium development P The process in which a cup-like structure containing chains of aeciospores is formed. This is characteristic of the rust fungus and typically, the first dikaryotic spores (aeciospores) are produced in the aecium.
75268 regulation of aecium development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aecium development, a process in which a cuplike structure containing chains of aeciospores is formed.
75269 positive regulation of aecium development P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aecium development, a process in which a cuplike structure containing chains of aeciospores is formed.
75270 negative regulation of aecium development P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aecium development, a process in which a cuplike structure containing chains of aeciospores is formed.
75271 zygosporangium development P The process in which a fruiting body called zygosporangium is formed. A zygosporangium is a thick-walled structure in which spores are produced, and is characteristic of the Zygomycetes.
75272 regulation of zygosporangium development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of zygosporangium development, a process in which a fruiting body called zygosporangium is formed.
75273 positive regulation of zygosporangium development P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of zygosporangium development, a process in which a fruiting body called zygosporangium is formed.
75274 negative regulation of zygosporangium development P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of zygosporangium development, a process in which a fruiting body called zygosporangium is formed.
75275 telium development P The process that leads to the development of a telium, which is a teliospore-bearing sorus of the rust fungi.
75276 regulation of telium development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of telium development, a process that leads to the formation of a teliospore-bearing sorus of the rust fungi.
75277 positive regulation of telium development P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telium development, a process that leads to the formation of a teliospore-bearing sorus of the rust fungi.
75278 negative regulation of telium development P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telium development, a process that leads to the formation of a teliospore-bearing sorus of the rust fungi.
75279 uredinium development P The process that leads to the formation of a uredinium, a reddish, pustule-like structure formed by a rust fungus and consisting of uredospores.
75280 regulation of uredinium development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of uredinium development, a process that leads to the formation of a reddish, pustule-like structure formed by a rust fungus and consisting of uredospores.
75281 positive regulation of uredinium development P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of uredinium development, a process that leads to the formation of a reddish, pustule-like structure formed by a rust fungus and consisting of uredospores.
75282 negative regulation of uredinium development P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of uredinium development, a process that leads to the formation of a reddish, pustule-like structure formed by a rust fungus and consisting of uredospores.
75283 sporulation resulting in formation of a multicellular or syncytial spore P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular or syncytial spore via septations over time, from its initiation to the mature structure.
75284 asexual sporulation resulting in formation of a multicellular or syncytial spore P The formation of a multicellular or syncytial spore via septations derived from mitosis.
75285 sexual sporulation resulting in formation of a multicellular or syncytial spore P The formation of multicellular or syncytial spore via septations derived from meiosis. A multicellular or syncytial spore is a structure that can be used for dissemination, for survival of adverse conditions because of its heat and dessication resistance, and/or for reproduction.
75286 regulation of sporangiospore formation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sporangiospore formation, a process in which sporangiospores, a type of asexual spore found in fungi, are formed. Sporangiospores are formed within sac-like structure, the sporangium, following the division of the cytoplasm.
75287 positive regulation of sporangiospore formation P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sporangiospore formation, a process in which sporangiospores, a type of asexual spore found in fungi, are formed. Sporangiospores are formed within sac-like structure, the sporangium, following the division of the cytoplasm.
75288 negative regulation of sporangiospore formation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sporangiospore formation, a process in which sporangiospores, a type of asexual spore found in fungi, are formed. Sporangiospores are formed within sac-like structure, the sporangium, following the division of the cytoplasm.
75289 aplanospore formation P The process in which a nonmotile, asexual spore is formed within a cell in certain algae and fungi (commonly in the Phycomycetes), the wall of aplanospore is distinct from that of the parent cell.
75290 regulation of aplanospore formation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aplanospore formation, a process in which a nonmotile, asexual spore is formed within a cell in certain algae and fungi (commonly in the Phycomycetes), the wall of aplanospore is distinct from that of the parent cell.
75291 positive regulation of aplanospore formation P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aplanospore formation, a process in which a nonmotile, asexual spore is formed within a cell in certain algae and fungi (commonly in the Phycomycetes), the wall of aplanospore is distinct from that of the parent cell.
75292 negative regulation of aplanospore formation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aplanospore formation, a process in which a nonmotile, asexual spore is formed within a cell in certain algae and fungi (commonly in the Phycomycetes), the wall of aplanospore is distinct from that of the parent cell.
75293 response to host pH environment P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of the symbiont or its cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the pH conditions in or around its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75294 positive regulation by symbiont of entry into host P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent to which it enters into the host organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
75295 positive regulation by organism of entry into other organism involved in symbiotic interaction P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent to which it enters into a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
75296 positive regulation of ascospore formation P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ascospore formation, a process in which a sexual spore, named ascospore, from Ascomycete fungi was produced inside an ascus.
75297 negative regulation of ascospore formation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ascospore formation, a process in which a sexual spore, named ascospore, from Ascomycete fungi was produced inside an ascus.
75298 regulation of zygospore formation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of zygospore formation, a process in which a thick-walled spore of some algae and fungi is formed by union of two similar sexual cells, usually serves as a resting spore, and produces the sporophytic phase.
75299 positive regulation of zygospore formation P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of frequency, rate or extent of zygospore formation, a process in which a thick-walled spore of some algae and fungi is formed by union of two similar sexual cells, usually serves as a resting spore, and produces the sporophytic phase.
75300 negative regulation of zygospore formation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of zygospore formation, a process in which a thick-walled spore of some algae and fungi is formed by union of two similar sexual cells, usually serves as a resting spore, and produces the sporophytic phase.
75302 regulation of basidiospore formation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of basidiospore formation, a process in which a sexually produced fungal spore is formed on a basidium in the fungi Basidiomycetes.
75303 positive regulation of basidiospore formation P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of frequency, rate or extent of basidiospore formation, a process in which a sexually produced fungal spore is formed on a basidium in the fungi basidiomycetes.
75304 negative regulation of basidiospore formation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of basidiospore formation, a process in which a sexually produced fungal spore is formed on a basidium in the fungi basidiomycetes.
75306 regulation of conidium formation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of conidium formation, a process of producing non-motile spores, called conidia, via mitotic asexual reproduction in higher fungi. Conidia are haploid cells genetically identical to their haploid parent. They are produced by conversion of hyphal elements, or are borne on sporogenous cells on or within specialized structures termed conidiophores, and participate in dispersal of the fungus.
75307 positive regulation of conidium formation P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of conidium formation, a process of producing non-motile spores, called conidia, via mitotic asexual reproduction in higher fungi. Conidia are haploid cells genetically identical to their haploid parent. They are produced by conversion of hyphal elements, or are borne on sporogenous cells on or within specialized structures termed conidiophores, and participate in dispersal of the fungus.
75308 negative regulation of conidium formation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of conidium formation, a process of producing non-motile spores, called conidia, via mitotic asexual reproduction in higher fungi. Conidia are haploid cells genetically identical to their haploid parent. They are produced by conversion of hyphal elements, or are borne on sporogenous cells on or within specialized structures termed conidiophores, and participate in dispersal of the fungus.
75310 regulation of sporangium development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sporangium development, a process that leads to the formation of sporangium, a single-celled or many-celled structure in which spores are produced, as in fungi, algae, mosses, and ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms.
75311 positive regulation of sporangium development P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sporangium development, a process that leads to the formation of sporangium, a single-celled or many-celled structure in which spores are produced, as in fungi, algae, mosses, and ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms.
75312 negative regulation of sporangium development P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sporangium development, a process that leads to the formation of sporangium, a single-celled or many-celled structure in which spores are produced, as in fungi, algae, mosses, and ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms.
75313 basidium development P The process that leads to the development of basidium, a small, specialized club-shaped structure typically bearing four basidiospores at the tips of minute projections. The basidium is unique to Basidiomycetes and distinguishes them from other kinds of fungi.
75314 regulation of basidium development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of basidium development, a process that leads to the formation of a basidium, a small, specialized club-shaped structure typically bearing four basidiospores at the tips of minute projections. The basidium is unique to Basidiomycetes and distinguishes them from other kinds of fungi.
75315 positive regulation of basidium development P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of basidium development, a process that leads to the formation of basidium, a small, specialized club-shaped structure typically bearing four basidiospores at the tips of minute projections. The basidium is unique to basidiomycetes and distinguishes them from other kinds of fungi.
75316 negative regulation of basidium development P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of basidium development, a process that leads to the formation of basidium, a small, specialized club-shaped structure typically bearing four basidiospores at the tips of minute projections. The basidium is unique to basidiomycetes and distinguishes them from other kinds of fungi.
75317 ascus development P The process that leads to the development of ascus, a sac-like structure produced by fungi of the phylum Ascomycota (sac fungi) in which sexually produced spores (ascospores), usually four or eight in number, are formed.
75318 regulation of ascus development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ascus development, a process that leads to the formation of basidium, a sac-like structure produced by fungi of the phylum Ascomycota (sac fungi) in which sexually produced spores (ascospores), usually four or eight in number, are formed.
75319 positive regulation of ascus development P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ascus development, a saclike structure produced by fungi of the phylum Ascomycota (sac fungi) in which sexually produced spores (ascospores), usually four or eight in number, are formed.
75320 negative regulation of ascus development P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ascus development, a saclike structure produced by fungi of the phylum Ascomycota (sac fungi) in which sexually produced spores (ascospores), usually four or eight in number, are formed.
75321 oomycete sporangium development P The process that leads to the development of an oomycete sporangium, a single-celled or many-celled structure that germinates directly to form an infection hypha or differentiates, through specialized cleavage vesicles, into between 10 and 30 zoospores, which are laterally flagellated.
75322 regulation of oomycete sporangium development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oomycete sporangium development, a process that leads to the formation of oomycete sporangium, a single-celled or many-celled structure that germinates directly to form an infection hypha or differentiate, through specialized cleavage vesicles, into between 10 and 30 zoospores, which is laterally flagellated.
75323 positive regulation of oomycete sporangium development P Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oomycete sporangium development, a process that leads to the formation of oomycete sporangium, a single-celled or many-celled structure that germinates directly to form an infection hypha or differentiate, through specialized cleavage vesicles, into between 10 and 30 zoospores, which is laterally flagellated.
75324 negative regulation of oomycete sporangium development P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oomycete sporangium development, a process that leads to the formation of oomycete sporangium, a single-celled or many-celled structure that germinates directly to form an infection hypha or differentiate, through specialized cleavage vesicles, into between 10 and 30 zoospores, which is laterally flagellated.
75325 spore dispersal on or near host P Any process in which a symbiont disseminates its spores, on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75326 active spore dispersal on or near host P Any active process in which a symbiont disseminates its spores, on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75327 passive spore dispersal on or near host P Any passive process in which a symbiont disseminates its spores, on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75328 formation by symbiont of arbuscule for nutrient acquisition from host P The assembly by an organism of an arbuscule, a fine, tree-like hyphal structure projected into the host cell for the purpose of obtaining nutrients from its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75329 regulation of arbuscule formation for nutrient acquisition from host P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont arbuscule formation for nutrient acquisition from host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75330 positive regulation of arbuscule formation for nutrient acquisition from host P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont arbuscule formation for nutrient acquisition from host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75331 negative regulation of arbuscule formation for nutrient acquisition from host P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont arbuscule formation for nutrient acquisition from host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75332 modulation by host of symbiont adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction P Any process in which the host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75333 positive regulation by host of symbiont adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction P Any process in which the host organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75334 modulation of symbiont adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction in response to host P Any process in which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75335 positive regulation of symbiont adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction in response to host P Any process in which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75336 negative regulation of symbiont adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction in response to host P Any process in which the symbiont organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75341 host cell PML body C A nuclear body that reacts against SP100 auto-antibodies (PML = promyelocytic leukemia) located within a cell of a host organism.
75342 disruption by symbiont of host cell PML body P The breakdown, by the symbiont, of a PML body within a host cell. A PML body is a nuclear body that reacts against SP100 auto-antibodies (PML = promyelocytic leukemia). The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75343 modulation by symbiont of abscisic acid levels in host P The alteration by an organism of the levels of abscisic acid in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75344 modulation by symbiont of host protein levels P The alteration by an organism of protein levels in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75345 modification by symbiont of host protein P The covalent alteration by an organism of one or more amino acids occurring in proteins, peptides and nascent polypeptides (co-translational, post-translational modifications) of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75346 modification by symbiont of host protein by ubiquitination P The process in which an organism adds one or more ubiquitin groups to a protein of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
75502 endosome membrane permeabilization involved in viral entry into host cell P Induction of endosome membrane permeabilization triggered by an interaction between the host membrane and a membrane-penetration protein associated with the capsid. Occurs after internalization of the virus through the endosomal pathway, and results in delivery of the virus contents into the host cell cytoplasm.
75503 fusion of virus membrane with host macropinosome membrane P Fusion of a viral membrane with a host macropinosome membrane, that occurs after internalization of the virus through the endosomal pathway, and results in release of the viral contents into the host cell cytoplasm.
75504 macropinosomal membrane permeabilization involved in viral entry into host cell P Induction of macropinosome membrane permeabilization triggered by an interaction between the host membrane and a membrane-penetration protein associated with the capsid. Occurs after internalization of the virus in a macropinosome, and results in release of the viral contents from the macropinosome into the host cell cytoplasm.
75505 entry of intact viral capsid into host nucleus through nuclear pore complex P Viral penetration into the host nucleus where a viral capsid passes intact through the host nuclear pore complex (NPC).
75506 entry of viral genome into host nucleus through nuclear pore complex via importin P Viral penetration into the host nucleus where the viral genome passes through the nuclear pore complex (NPC) using the cellular importin transport machinery.
75507 entry of viral genome into host nucleus via docking of viral capsid to the nuclear pore complex and injection of viral genome P Viral penetration into the host nucleus where the where a viral capsid docks on the cytoplasmic side of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) and ejects the viral genome through the pore into the nucleoplasm.
75508 entry of viral genome into host nucleus via retainment of capsid in nuclear pore complex and release of genome into nucleoplasm P Viral penetration into the host nucleus where a viral capsid enters the host nuclear pore complex (NPC) but remains attached to the pore on the nuclear side. The capsid then disassembles, releasing the viral genome into the nucleoplasm.
75509 endocytosis involved in viral entry into host cell P Any endocytosis that is involved in the uptake of a virus into a host cell.
75510 macropinocytosis involved in viral entry into host cell P Any macropinocytosis that is involved in the uptake of a virus into a host cell.
75511 macropinosome lysis involved in viral entry into host cell P Viral-induced lysis of the macropinosome involved in the uptake of a virus into a host cell. Occurs after internalization of the virus in a macropinosome, and results in the release of viral contents from the macropinosome into the host cell cytoplasm.
75512 clathrin-dependent endocytosis of virus by host cell P Any clathrin-mediated endocytosis that is involved in the uptake of a virus into a host cell. Begins by invagination of a specific region of the host cell plasma membrane around the bound virus to form a clathrin-coated pit, which then pinches off to form a clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle containing the virus.
75513 caveolin-mediated endocytosis of virus by host cell P Any caveolin-mediated endocytosis that is involved in the uptake of a virus into a host cell. Begins when material is taken up into plasma membrane caveolae - specialized lipid rafts that form 50-70 nm flask-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane - which then pinch off to form endocytic caveolar carriers containing the virus.
75514 endosome lysis involved in viral entry into host cell P Viral-induced lysis of the endosome involved in uptake of a virus into a host cell. Occurs after internalization of the virus through the endosomal pathway, and results in release of the viral contents from the endosome into the host cell cytoplasm.
75519 microtubule-dependent intracellular transport of viral material P The directed movement of the viral genome or viral particle within the host cell cytoplasm along host microtubules. Microtubule-dependent transport involves motor proteins like dynein and kinesin and is mostly used by viruses that target their genomes to the nucleus.
75520 actin-dependent intracellular transport of virus P The directed movement of a virus, or part of a virus, within the host cell cytoplasm via the host's actin filaments. Actin-dependent transport is induced by viral proteins that interact with actin and/or host cell motor proteins like myosins or that promotes actin polymerization/depolymerization reactions.
75521 microtubule-dependent intracellular transport of viral material towards nucleus P The directed movement of a virus, or part of a virus, towards the host cell nucleus using host microtubules.
75522 IRES-dependent viral translational initiation P Process by which viral mRNA translation is initiated, where a domain in the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of the viral mRNA called an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) binds the host 43S preinitiation complex, circumventing regular cap-dependent translation initiation.
75523 viral translational frameshifting P A process which occurs during viral translation, which involves a translational recoding mechanism called programmed ribosomal frameshifting. This causes the ribosome to alter its reading of the mRNA to an a different open reading frame to produce alternate viral proteins.
75524 ribosomal skipping P A translation process in which a specific viral peptide prevents the ribosome from covalently linking a new inserted amino acid, and lets it continue translation, thereby cleaving the nascent protein while allowing translation to continue.
75525 viral translational termination-reinitiation P A process which occurs as part of viral mRNA translation which allows expression of a downstream open reading frame (ORF) in a dicistronic mRNA. In this process, ribosomes translate the upstream ORF but following termination, a proportion of 40S subunits remain tethered to the mRNA and go on to re-initiate translation at the start codon of the downstream ORF.
75526 cap snatching P A transcription initiation process during which a nucleotide sequence between 10 and 20 nucleotides in size is cleaved from the 5' end of host mRNAs by a viral RNA-dependent polymerase. The capped leader sequence obtained is subsequently used to prime transcription on the viral genome, which ultimately leads to the synthesis of capped, translatable viral mRNAs.
75527 viral RNA editing P The process by which bases in viral mRNA are chemically altered during viral transcription. This is usually the incorporation of 1 - 6 additional nucleotides, which shifts the reading frame, allowing the generation of different protein products or through a specific nucleotide change that eliminates the termination codon.
75528 modulation by virus of host immune response P The process in which a virus effects a change in the host immune response.
75529 establishment of latency as a circular episome P A process by which a virus establishes a latent state within its host as an episome, where the viral genome remains silent in the cytoplasm or nucleus as a circular structure.
75530 establishment of latency as a linear episome P A process by which a virus establishes a latent state within its host as an episome, where the viral genome remains silent in the cytoplasm or nucleus as linear structure.
75606 transport of viral material towards nucleus P The directed movement of a virus, or part of a virus, towards the host cell nucleus. The process begins after viral entry, and ends when the viral material is at the nuclear membrane.
75713 establishment of integrated proviral latency P A process by which the virus integrates into the host genome and establishes as a stable provirus or prophage.
75720 establishment of episomal latency P A process by which a virus establishes a latent state within its host as an episome, where the viral genome remains silent in the cytoplasm or nucleus as a distinct genetic entity.
75732 viral penetration into host nucleus P The crossing by the virus of the host nuclear membrane, either as naked viral genome or for small viruses as an intact capsid.
75733 intracellular transport of virus P The directed movement of a virus, or part of a virus, within the host cell.
80001 mucilage extrusion from seed coat P The process in which seed mucilage expands through hydration and breaks the outer cell wall that encapsulates the whole seed upon imbibition. Mucilage, mainly composed of pectins, is formed during seed development and deposited into the apoplast underneath the outer wall of the seed coat.
80002 UDP-glucose:4-aminobenzoate acylglucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobenzoate + UDP-glucose = p-aminobenzoate-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester + UDP.
80003 thalianol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving the triterpene thalianol.
80004 thalian-diol desaturase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a thalian-diol = a desaturated thalian-diol. This reaction is the introduction of a double bond to a thalian-diol molecule at carbon 15.
80005 photosystem stoichiometry adjustment P Adjustment of Photosystem I/Photosystem II ratio in response to light conditions. The function of photosystem stoichiometry adjustment is to compensate for any deficiency in energy conversion at either photosystem I or photosystem II by increasing the quantity the photosystem that will otherwise become the rate-limiting to overall photosynthesis.
80006 internode patterning P Determines the spacing between two shoot nodes. A shoot node is the region of the shoot where the spikelet, flower, floret, branch, bud and/or leaves are attached.
80007 S-nitrosoglutathione reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glutathione N-hydroxysulfenamide + NADH + H+ = S-nitrosoglutathione + NAD+.
80008 Cul4-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex C A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul4 family and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by an adaptor protein.
80009 mRNA methylation P The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to specific residues in an mRNA molecule.
80011 baruol synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene = baruol. Baruol is also known as D:B-Friedo-Baccharan-5,21-dien-3-ol.
80012 trihydroxyferuloyl spermidine O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: trihydroxyferuloyl spermidine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = dihydroxyferuloyl-sinapoyl spermidine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.
80013 (E,E)-geranyllinalool synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-geranyl-geranyl diphosphate + H2O = (E,E)-geranyllinalool + diphosphate.
80014 thalianol hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a thalianol = a thalian-diol. This reaction is the addition of a hydroxyl group to thalianol ((13R,14R,17E)-podioda-8,17,21-trien-3beta-ol) to create a thalian-diol ((13R,14R,17E)-podioda-8,17,21-trien-3beta,X-diol), where the hydroxyl group may be attached at one of several different available carbons in ring B or C of thalianol, indicated by the X.
80015 sabinene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate = sabinene + diphosphate.
80016 (-)-E-beta-caryophyllene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = (-)-E-beta-caryophyllene + diphosphate.
80017 alpha-humulene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = alpha-humulene + diphosphate.
80018 anthocyanin 5-O-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an anthocyanin + UDP-D-glucose = an anthocyanin-5-O-glucoside + UDP.
80019 fatty-acyl-CoA reductase (alcohol-forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a very long chain fatty acyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ = a very long chain primary alcohol + NADP+ + CoA.
80020 regulation of coenzyme A biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzyme A.
80021 response to benzoic acid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a benzoic acid stimulus.
80022 primary root development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the primary root over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The primary root develops directly from the embryonic radicle.
80023 3R-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3R-hydroxyacyl-CoA = 2E-enoyl-CoA + H2O.
80024 indolebutyric acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving indolebutyric acid, a compound that serves as an active or storage form of the hormone indole-3-acetic acid (an auxin) in many plants.
80025 phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 3' and 5' positions.
80026 response to indolebutyric acid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an indolebutyric acid stimulus.
80027 response to herbivore P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a herbivore.
80028 nitrile biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nitrile, an organic compound containing trivalent nitrogen attached to one carbon atom.
80029 cellular response to boron-containing substance levels P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of boron-containing substances.
80030 methyl indole-3-acetate esterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: methyl indole-3-acetate + H2O = indole-3-acetate + methanol + H+.
80031 methyl salicylate esterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: methyl salicylate + H2O = salicylic acid + methanol + H+.
80032 methyl jasmonate esterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a methyl jasmonate + H2O = a jasmonic acid + methanol.
80033 response to nitrite P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrite stimulus.
80034 host response to induction by symbiont of tumor, nodule or growth in host P Any process that results in a change in the state or activity of a host cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the formation of an abnormal mass of cells in the host organism, induced by a symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
80035 2-hydroxy-but-3-enyl glucosinolate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of progoitrin, a 2-hydroxy-but-3-enyl glucosinolate. Glucosinolates are substituted thioglucosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae, and progoitrin has been implicated in causing goiters in mammals and bitter taste in cruciferous vegetables.
80036 regulation of cytokinin-activated signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytokinin signaling.
80037 negative regulation of cytokinin-activated signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytokinin signaling.
80038 positive regulation of cytokinin-activated signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytokinin signaling.
80039 xyloglucan endotransglucosylase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a beta-(1,4) bond in the backbone of a xyloglucan and transfers the xyloglucanyl segment on to O-4 of the non-reducing terminal glucose residue of a xyloglucan or an oligosaccharide of xyloglucan.
80040 positive regulation of cellular response to phosphate starvation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to phosphate starvation.
80041 ADP-ribose pyrophosphohydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ADP-ribose + H2O = AMP + ribose-1-phosphate.
80042 ADP-glucose pyrophosphohydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ADP-glucose + H2O = AMP + glucose-1-phosphate.
80043 quercetin 3-O-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a glucosyl group from UDP-glucose to the 3-hydroxy group of a quercetin molecule.
80044 quercetin 7-O-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a glucosyl group from UDP-glucose to the 7-hydroxy group of a quercetin molecule.
80045 quercetin 3'-O-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a glucosyl group from UDP-glucose to the 3'-hydroxy group of a quercetin molecule.
80046 quercetin 4'-O-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a glucosyl group from UDP-glucose to the 4'-hydroxy group of a quercetin molecule.
80047 GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-L-galactose + phosphate = L-galactose-1-P + GDP.
80048 GDP-D-glucose phosphorylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-D-glucose + phosphate = D-glucose-1-P + GDP.
80049 L-gulono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-gulono-1,4-lactone + 2 ferricytochrome c = L-ascorbate + 2 ferrocytochrome c.
80050 regulation of seed development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of seed development.
80051 cutin transport P The directed movement of cutin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Cutin, which consists of C16-18 fatty acids, is the major component of the cuticle that covers the plant surface.
80052 response to histidine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a histidine stimulus.
80053 response to phenylalanine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a phenylalanine stimulus.
80054 low-affinity nitrate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of nitrate ions (NO3-) from one side of a membrane to the other. In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.
80055 low-affinity nitrate transport P The directed movement of nitrate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.
80056 petal vascular tissue pattern formation P Vascular tissue pattern formation as it occurs in the petal of vascular plants.
80057 sepal vascular tissue pattern formation P Vascular tissue pattern formation as it occurs in the sepal of vascular plants.
80058 protein deglutathionylation P The protein modification process in which a glutathione molecule is removed from a protein amino acid by breaking a disulfide linkage.
80059 flavonol 3-O-arabinosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-arabinose + a flavonol = UDP + a flavonol 3-O-D-arabinoside.
80060 integument development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the integument over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Integument is one of the layers of tissue that usually covers the ovule, enveloping the nucellus and forming the micropyle at the apex.
80061 indole-3-acetonitrile nitrilase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetonitrile + 2 H2O = indole-3-acetic acid + NH3.
80062 cytokinin 9-beta-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 6-alkylaminopurine + UDP-D-glucose = 6-alkylamino-9-beta-D-glucosylpurine + H+ + UDP. This reaction is an N-glucosylation event.
80064 4,4-dimethyl-9beta,19-cyclopropylsterol oxidation P A lipid oxidation process proceeding through a series of three successive monooxygenations of the alpha methyl group on the C4 carbon (CH3 to CH2OH to CHO to COOH) and resulting in this overall reaction: 4,4-dimethyl-9beta,19-cyclopropylsterol + 3 NADPH + 3 H+ + 3 O2 = 4-alpha-carboxy, 4-beta-methyl-9beta,19-cyclopropylsterol + 3 NADP+ + 3 H2O.
80065 4-alpha-methyl-delta7-sterol oxidation P A lipid oxidation process proceeding through a series of three successive monooxygenations of the alpha methyl group on the C4 carbon (CH3 to CH2OH to CHO to COOH) and resulting in this overall reaction: 4-alpha-methyl-delta7-sterol + 3 NADPH + 3 H+ + 3 O2 = 4-alpha-carboxy,delta7-sterol + 3 NADP+ + 3 H2O.
80066 3-methylthiopropyl-desulfoglucosinolate sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methylthiopropyl-desulfoglucosinolate + 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate = 3-methylthiopropyl-glucosinolate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate.
80067 4-methylthiobutyl-desulfoglucosinolate sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methylthiobutyl-desulfoglucosinolate + 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate = 4-methylthiobutyl-glucosinolate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate.
80068 5-methylthiopentyl-desulfoglucosinolate sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methylthiopentyl-desulfoglucosinolate + 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate = 5-methylthiopentyl-glucosinolate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate.
80069 7-methylthioheptyl-desulfoglucosinolate sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 7-methylthioheptyl-desulfoglucosinolate + 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate = 7-methylthioheptyl-glucosinolate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate.
80070 8-methylthiooctyl-desulfoglucosinolate sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 8-methylthiooctyl-desulfoglucosinolate + 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate = 8-methylthiooctyl-glucosinolate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate.
80071 indol-3-yl-methyl-desulfoglucosinolate sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: indol-3-yl-methyl-desulfoglucosinolate + 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate = indol-3-yl-methyl-glucosinolate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate.
80072 spermidine:sinapoyl CoA N-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a sinapoyl group to a nitrogen atom on the spermidine molecule.
80073 spermidine:coumaroyl CoA N-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a coumaroyl group to a nitrogen atom on the spermidine molecule.
80074 spermidine:caffeoyl CoA N-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a caffeoyl group to a nitrogen atom on the spermidine molecule.
80075 spermidine:feruloyl CoA N-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a feruloyl group to a nitrogen atom on the spermidine molecule.
80076 caffeoyl CoA:S-adenosyl-L-methionine O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the oxygen atom of a caffeoyl CoA molecule.
80077 trihydroxyferuloyl spermidine:S-adenosyl-L-methionine O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the oxygen atom of a trihydroxyferuloyl spermidine molecule.
80078 tricaffeoyl spermidine:S-adenosyl-L-methionine O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the oxygen atom of a tricaffeoyl spermidine molecule.
80079 cellobiose glucosidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cellobiose + H2O = 2 D-glucose.
80081 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside beta-glucosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of glucosidic link in 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside.
80082 esculin beta-glucosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of glucosidic link in esculin.
80083 beta-gentiobiose beta-glucosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of glucosidic link in beta-gentiobiose.
80084 5S rDNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the 5S rDNA sequence encoding ribosomal 5S rRNA, which is individually transcribed by RNA polymerase III, rather than by RNA polymerase I, in species where it exists.
80085 signal recognition particle, chloroplast targeting C A complex consisting of a protein and RNA component which binds the signal sequence of some proteins and facilitates their export to the chloroplast.
80086 stamen filament development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the filament over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Filament is the stalk of a stamen.
80088 spermidine hydroxycinnamate conjugate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of spermidine hydroxycinnamate conjugates.
80089 sinapoyl spermidine:sinapoyl CoA N-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a sinapoyl group to a nitrogen atom on a sinapoyl spermidine molecule resulting in the formation of a disinapoyl spermidine derivative.
80090 regulation of primary metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism involving those compounds formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism.
80091 regulation of raffinose metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving raffinose.
80092 regulation of pollen tube growth P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pollen tube growth.
80093 regulation of photorespiration P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of photorespiration. Photorespiration is a light-dependent catabolic process occurring concomitantly with photosynthesis in plants (especially C3 plants) whereby dioxygen (O2) is consumed and carbon dioxide (CO2) is evolved.
80094 response to trehalose-6-phosphate P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trehalose-6-phosphate stimulus.
80095 phosphatidylethanolamine-sterol O-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphatidylethanolamine + a sterol = a sterol ester + a lysophosphatidylethanolamine.
80096 phosphatidate-sterol O-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphatidate + a sterol = a sterol ester + a lysophosphatidate.
80097 L-tryptophan:pyruvate aminotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + pyruvate = 3-(indol-3-yl)pyruvate + L-alanine.
80098 L-tyrosine:pyruvate aminotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine + pyruvate = (4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + L-alanine.
80099 L-methionine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-methionine + 2-oxoglutarate = 4-methylthio-2-oxobutyrate + L-glutamate.
80100 L-glutamine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamine + 2-oxoglutarate = 2-oxoglutaramate + L-glutamate.
80101 phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine N-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + phosphatidylcholine.
80102 3-methylthiopropyl glucosinolate S-oxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methylthiopropyl-glucosinolate = 3-methylsulfinylpropyl-glucosinolate.
80103 4-methylthiopropyl glucosinolate S-oxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methylthiopropyl-glucosinolate = 4-methylsulfinylpropyl-glucosinolate.
80104 5-methylthiopropyl glucosinolate S-oxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methylthiopropyl-glucosinolate = 5-methylsulfinylpropyl-glucosinolate.
80105 6-methylthiopropyl glucosinolate S-oxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 6-methylthiopropyl-glucosinolate = 6-methylsulfinylpropyl-glucosinolate.
80106 7-methylthiopropyl glucosinolate S-oxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 7-methylthiopropyl-glucosinolate = 7-methylsulfinylpropyl-glucosinolate.
80107 8-methylthiopropyl glucosinolate S-oxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 8-methylthiopropyl-glucosinolate = 8-methylsulfinylpropyl-glucosinolate.
80108 S-alkylthiohydroximate lyase activity F Catalysis of the conversion of a S-alkylthiohydroximate to a thiohydroximate.
80109 indole-3-acetonitrile nitrile hydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetonitrile + H2O = indole-3-acetamide.
80110 sporopollenin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sporopollenin, a primary constituent of the pollen exine layer.
80111 DNA demethylation P The removal of a methyl group from one or more nucleotides within an DNA molecule.
80112 seed growth P The increase in size or mass of a seed. A seed is a propagating organ formed in the reproductive cycle of a spermatophyte, derived from the ovule and enclosing an embryo.
80113 regulation of seed growth P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth of the seed of an plant.
80114 positive regulation of glycine hydroxymethyltransferase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycine hydroxymethyltransferase activity, the catalysis of the reaction 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = tetrahydrofolate + L-serine.
80115 myosin XI tail binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the tail region of a myosin XI heavy chain.
80116 glucuronoxylan glucuronosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of glucuronate to the xylan backbone of glucuronoxylan molecule.
80117 secondary growth P Lateral growth of a plant axis (shoot axis or root) that is an increase in thickness resulting from formation of secondary vascular tissues by the vascular cambium.
80118 brassinosteroid sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a brassinosteroid + 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate = sulfated brassinosteroid + adenosine-3',5'-diphosphate. This reaction is the transfer of a sulfate group to the hydroxyl group of a brassinosteroid acceptor, producing the sulfated brassinosteroid derivative.
80119 ER body organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation of ER (endoplasmic reticulum) body. ER body is a compartment found in plant cells that is derived from the ER. The structures have a characteristic shape and size (10 mm long and 0.5 mm wide) and are surrounded with ribosomes. They have been found in Arabidopsis thaliana and related Brassicaceae species.
80120 CAAX-box protein maturation P A series of specific posttranslational modifications to the CAAX box region of CAAX box proteins. CAAX box proteins are eukaryotic proteins that contain a CAAX motif where the C is a cysteine, the two A residues are aliphatic amino acids and the X can be one of several amino acids. The CAAX-box proteins undergo three sequential, enzymatic, post-translational modifications essential to their targeting: First, the proteins are prenylated by one of two prenyltransferases called farnesyltransferase and geranylgeranyltransferase-I. Prenylation results in the covalent attachment of either farnesyl or geranylgeranyl isoprenoid groups to the cysteine in the CAAX box motif. Prenylation is followed by proteolytic removal of the last three amino acids of the protein (AAX). Finally, the newly exposed carboxylate group of the isoprenylcysteine is methylated by an ER-associated prenyl-dependent carboxylmethyltransferase.
80121 AMP transport P The directed movement of AMP, adenosine monophosphate, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
80122 AMP transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of AMP, adenosine monophosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.
80123 jasmonate-amino synthetase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: jasmonate + an amino acid = an amide-linked jasmonyl-amino acid conjugate. The substrates of this reaction include non-standard amino acids, such as ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate).
80124 pheophytinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: pheophytin + H2O = phytol + pheophorbide.
80126 ovary septum development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ovary septum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ovary septum is the thin partition that divides the ovary, the basal portion of a carpel or group of fused carpels, that encloses the ovule(s).
80127 fruit septum development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fruit septum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fruit septum is a thin partition or membrane that divides a cavity or a mass of tissue in the fruit.
80128 anther septum development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anther septum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The anther septum is a thin partition or stretch of cells that are present in the anther dehiscence zone.
80129 proteasome core complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a mature, active 20S proteasome core particle complex that does not contain any regulatory particles.
80130 L-phenylalanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine + 2-oxoglutarate = phenylpyruvate + L-glutamate.
80131 hydroxyjasmonate sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a hydroxyjasmonate + 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate = a hydroxyjasmonate sulfate + adenosine-3',5'-diphosphate.
80132 fatty acid alpha-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the conversion of a fatty acid to an alpha-hydroxylated fatty acid. A hydroxyl group is added to the second carbon, counted from the carboxyl end, of a fatty acid chain.
80133 midchain alkane hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the conversion of an alkane to a secondary alcohol.
80134 regulation of response to stress P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to stress. Response to stress is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
80135 regulation of cellular response to stress P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular response to stress. Cellular response to stress is a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
80136 priming of cellular response to stress P The process that enables cells to respond in a more rapid and robust manner than nonprimed cells to much lower levels of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.
80138 borate uptake transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of borate from the outside of a cell to the inside of the cell across a membrane.
80139 borate efflux transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of borate from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.
80140 regulation of jasmonic acid metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving jasmonic acid.
80141 regulation of jasmonic acid biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of jasmonic acid.
80142 regulation of salicylic acid biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of salicylic acid.
80143 regulation of amino acid export P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amino acid export. Amino acid export is the directed movement of amino acids out of a cell or organelle.
80144 amino acid homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of amino acid within an organism or cell.
80145 cysteine homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of cysteine within an organism or cell.
80146 L-cysteine desulfhydrase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + H2O = ammonia + pyruvate + hydrogen sulfide + H+.
80147 root hair cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a root hair cell over time, from its formation to the mature state.
80148 negative regulation of response to water deprivation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to water deprivation. Response to water deprivation is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a water deprivation stimulus, prolonged deprivation of water.
80149 sucrose induced translational repression P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of translation as a result of increase in sucrose level.
80150 S-adenosyl-L-methionine:benzoic acid carboxyl methyl transferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: benzoate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = methylbenzoate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
80151 positive regulation of salicylic acid mediated signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of salicylic acid mediated signal transduction.
80152 regulation of reductive pentose-phosphate cycle P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductive pentose-phosphate cycle.
80153 negative regulation of reductive pentose-phosphate cycle P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the reductive pentose-phosphate cycle.
80154 regulation of fertilization P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of fertilization. Fertilization is the union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy).
80155 regulation of double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm. Double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm is a type of fertilization where one of the two sperm nuclei from the pollen tube fuses with the egg nucleus to form a 2n zygote, and the other fuses with the two polar nuclei to form the 3n primary endosperm nucleus and then develops into the endosperm. The ploidy level of the 2n zygote and 3n primary endosperm nucleus is determined by the ploidy level of the parents involved. An example of this component is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
80156 mitochondrial mRNA modification P The covalent alteration within the mitochondrion of one or more nucleotides within an mRNA to produce an mRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.
80157 regulation of plant-type cell wall organization or biogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving plant-type cell wall organization or biogenesis. Plant-type cell wall organization or biogenesis is a process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellulose- and pectin-containing cell wall.
80158 chloroplast ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase complex biogenesis P A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a chloroplast ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (RubisCO) complex. Includes the synthesis of the constituent protein molecules, and those protein modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the complex.
80159 zygote elongation P The process in which the zygote irreversibly increases in size in one dimension after fertilization. An example of such a process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
80160 selenate transport P The directed movement of selenate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
80161 auxin transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of auxins from one side of the membrane to the other. Auxins are plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth.
80162 intracellular auxin transport P The directed movement of auxins within a cell. Auxins are a group of plant hormones that regulates aspects of plant growth.
80163 regulation of protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity: catalysis of the reaction: protein serine/threonine phosphate + H2O = protein serine/threonine + phosphate.
80164 regulation of nitric oxide metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide (NO), a colorless gas only slightly soluble in water.
80165 callose deposition in phloem sieve plate P Any process in which callose is transported to, and/or maintained in, phloem sieve plate. Callose is a linear 1,3-beta-d-glucan formed from UDP-glucose and is found in certain plant cell walls.
80166 stomium development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stomium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A stomium is a fissure or pore in the anther lobe through which the pollen is released.
80167 response to karrikin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a karrikin stimulus. Karrikins are signaling molecules in smoke from burning vegetation that trigger seed germination for many angiosperms (flowering plants).
80168 abscisic acid transport P The directed movement of abscisic acid into, out of, within or between cells by means of some external agent such as a transporter or pore.
80169 cellular response to boron-containing substance deprivation P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of boron obtained from boron-containing substances.
80170 hydrogen peroxide transmembrane transport P The process in which hydrogen peroxide is transported from one side of a membrane to the other. This process includes the actual movement of the solute, and any regulation and preparatory steps, such as reduction of the solute.
80171 lytic vacuole organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lytic vacuole.
80172 petal epidermis patterning P The regionalization process that regulates the coordinated growth and establishes the non-random spatial arrangement of the cells in the petal epidermis.
80173 male-female gamete recognition during double fertilization P The initial contact step made between the male gamete and the female gamete during double fertilization. An example can be found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
80175 phragmoplast microtubule organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins in phragmoplast, a plant cell specific structure that forms during late cytokinesis. Phragmoplast serves as a scaffold for cell plate assembly and subsequent formation of a new cell wall separating the two daughter cells.
80176 xyloglucan 1,6-alpha-xylosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of xyloglucan side chains so as to remove unsubstituted D-xylose residues attached to the glucose located at the non-reducing terminus.
80177 plastoglobule organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the plastoglobule. Plastoglobule is a lipoprotein particle present in chloroplasts. They are rich in non-polar lipids (triglycerides, esters) as well as in prenylquinones, plastoquinone and tocopherols. Plastoglobules are often associated with thylakoid membranes, suggesting an exchange of lipids with thylakoids.
80178 5-carbamoylmethyl uridine residue modification P The chemical reactions and pathways involving the addition of a 5-carbamoylmethyl group to a uridine residue in RNA.
80179 1-methylguanosine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1-methylguanosine.
80180 2-methylguanosine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-methylguanosine.
80181 lateral root branching P Any process involved in the formation of branches in lateral roots.
80182 histone H3-K4 trimethylation P The modification of histone H3 by addition of three methyl groups to lysine at position 4 of the histone.
80183 response to photooxidative stress P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as the result of a photooxidative stress, the light-dependent generation of active oxygen species. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism.
80184 response to phenylpropanoid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as the result of a phenylpropanoid stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism. A phenylpropanoid is any of secondary metabolites with structures based on a phenylpropane skeleton. The class includes phenylpropanoid esters, flavonoids, anthocyanins, coumarins and many small phenolic molecules. Phenylpropanoids are also precursors of lignin.
80185 effector dependent induction by symbiont of host immune response P Any process that involves recognition of an effector, and by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response of the host organism; the immune response is any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. Effectors are proteins secreted into the host cell by pathogenic microbes, presumably to alter host immune response signaling. The best characterized effectors are bacterial effectors delivered into the host cell by type III secretion system (TTSS). Effector-triggered immunity (ETI) involves the direct or indirect recognition of an effector protein by the host (for example through plant resistance or R proteins) and subsequent activation of host immune response.
80186 developmental vegetative growth P The increase in size or mass of non-reproductive plant parts.
80187 floral organ senescence P An organ senescence that has as a participant a floral organ.
80188 RNA-directed DNA methylation P An epigenetic RNA-based gene silencing process first elucidated in plants whereby 24-nt small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) guide DNA methyltransferases to the siRNA-generating genomic loci and other loci that are homologous to the siRNAs for de novo DNA methylation. In general this process consists of three phases: biogenesis of siRNAs, scaffold RNA production, and the formation of the guiding complex that recruits de novo DNA methyltransferases to the target loci.
80189 primary growth P Growth of a plant structure from the time of its initiation by an apical meristem until its expansion is completed.
80190 lateral growth P Growth of a plant axis (shoot axis or root) that originates from a lateral meristem.
80191 secondary thickening P Lateral growth of a plant axis (shoot axis or root) that is an increase in thickness resulting from formation of tissue from a secondary thickening meristem.
80192 primary thickening P Lateral growth of a plant axis (shoot axis or root) that is an increase in thickness resulting from the activity of a primary thickening meristem.
80193 diffuse secondary thickening P Lateral growth of the older parts of a stem that occurs when the central parenchyma cells and the not yet fully differentiated fiber cells of the bundle sheaths continue to undergo cell division and expansion for a long period of time, leading to an increase in girth of the stem.
85000 modification by symbiont of host morphology or physiology via protein secreted by type V secretion system P The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of its host organism, mediated by a substance secreted by a type V secretion system in the organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
85001 formation by symbiont of stylet for nutrient acquisition from host P The assembly by a symbiont of a stylet, a hollow protrusible spear-like structure projected into the host cell for the purpose of obtaining nutrients from its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
85002 interaction with host mediated by secreted substance released by symbiont from symbiotic structure P An interaction with the host organism mediated by a symbiont secreted substance released by specialized structures generated in either organisms as a result of the symbiotic interaction. The term host is used for the larger (macro) of the two members of a symbiosis.
85003 interaction with host via secreted substance released from stylet P An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance released by the other (symbiont) organism via the stylet, a hollow protrusible spear-like structure in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
85004 interaction with host via secreted substance released from haustorium P An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance released by the other (symbiont) organism via the haustorium, a projection from a cell or tissue that penetrates the host's cell wall. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
85005 interaction with host via secreted substance released from invasive hyphae P An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance released by the other (symbiont) organism via invasive hyphae. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
85006 interaction with host mediated by symbiont secreted substance released from symbiont-containing vacuole P An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance released by the other (symbiont) organism via a symbiont-containing vacuole, a specialized sac within the host in which the symbiont resides. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
85007 interaction with host via secreted substance released from rhoptry P An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance released by the other (symbiont) organism via the rhoptry, a large, club-shaped secretory organelle that forms part of the apical complex of an apicomplexan parasite. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
85008 interaction with host via secreted substance released from microneme P An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance released by the other (symbiont) organism via the microneme, a small, elongated secretory organelle that forms part of the apical complex of an apicomplexan parasite. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
85009 interaction with host mediated by symbiont secreted substance released from Maurer's cleft P An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance released by the other (symbiont) organism via Maurer's cleft. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
85010 interaction with host mediated by secreted substance entering host via endocytosis P An interaction with the host organism mediated by a secreted substance from the symbiont entering host cells via endocytosis of the substance. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
85011 interaction with host via protein secreted by Sec complex P An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance secreted by the symbiont organism by a Sec complex. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
85012 interaction with host via protein secreted by Tat complex P An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance secreted by the symbiont organism by a Tat complex. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
85013 interaction with host via protein secreted by type VII secretion system P An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance secreted by the symbiont organism by a type VII secretion system. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
85014 dormancy entry of symbiont in host P Entry into a dormant state of the symbiont within the host organism.
85015 dormancy maintenance of symbiont in host P Any process in which a dormant state is maintained by the symbiont within the host organism.
85016 dormancy exit of symbiont in host P Exit from dormant state, also known as resuscitation, of the symbiont within the host organism.
85017 symbiont entry into host cell forming a symbiont-containing vacuole P The invasion by a symbiont of a cell of its host organism, forming a vacuole in which the parasite resides. The vacuole membrane is formed from lipids and proteins derived from both host and symbiont. Begins when the symbiont attaches on to the host cell membrane which invaginates and deepens as the symbiont enters, and ends when the host cell membrane closes behind the newly-formed vacuole.
85018 maintenance of symbiont-containing vacuole by host P The process in which a host organism maintains the structure and function of a symbiont-containing vacuole. The symbiont-containing vacuole is a membrane-bounded vacuole within a host cell in which a symbiont organism resides, and can serve to reduce pathogenicity of invading symbionts by restricting them to the vacuolar compartment.
85019 formation by symbiont of a tubovesicular network for nutrient acquisition from host P The assembly of a symbiont-induced complex organelle that comprises of multiple protein and lipid domains for the purpose of obtaining nutrients from its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
85020 protein K6-linked ubiquitination P A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 6 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein. K6-linked ubiquitination is involved in DNA repair.
85021 modification by symbiont of host morphology or physiology via protein secreted by type I secretion system P The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of its host organism, mediated by a substance secreted by a type I secretion system in the organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
85022 modification by symbiont of host morphology or physiology via protein secreted by type VI secretion system P The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of its host organism, mediated by a substance secreted by a type VI secretion system in the organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
85023 modification by symbiont of host morphology or physiology via protein secreted by type VII secretion system P The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of its host organism, mediated by a substance secreted by a type VII secretion system in the organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
85024 modification by symbiont of host morphology or physiology via protein secreted by Sec complex P The process in which an organism (symbiont) effects a change in the structure or function of its host organism, mediated by a substance secreted by the Sec complex in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
85025 modification by symbiont of host morphology or physiology via protein secreted by Tat complex P The process in which an organism (symbiont) effects a change in the structure or function of its host organism, mediated by a substance secreted by the Tat complex in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
85026 tubovesicular membrane network C A complex, symbiont-induced host-derived organelle that is comprised of multiple protein and lipid domains.
85027 entry into host via enzymatic degradation of host anatomical structure P Penetration by symbiont of a host anatomical structure which provides a barrier to symbiont entry, mediated by symbiont degradative enzymes.
85028 entry into host via enzymatic degradation of host cuticle P Penetration by symbiont of host physical barriers, mediated by symbiont degradative enzymes.
85029 extracellular matrix assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the extracellular matrix.
85030 mutualism P An interaction between two organisms living together in more or less intimate association in a relationship in which both organisms benefit from each other.
85031 commensalism P An interaction between two organisms living together in more or less intimate association in a relationship in which one benefits and the other is unaffected.
85032 modulation by symbiont of host I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade P Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of host NF-kappaB-mediated signal transduction pathways during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
85033 positive regulation by symbiont of host I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of host NF-kappaB-mediated signal transduction pathways during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
85034 negative regulation by symbiont of host I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host NF-kappaB-mediated signal transduction pathways during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
85035 haustorium C A projection from a cell or tissue that penetrates the host's cell wall and invaginates the host cell membrane.
85036 extrahaustorial matrix C The space between the symbiont plasma membrane and the extrahaustorial membrane of the host.
85037 extrahaustorial membrane C The membrane surrounding the symbiont haustorium during symbiosis, derived from the host plasma membrane.
85039 extra-invasive hyphal membrane C A host-derived membrane surrounding the symbiont invasive hypha during symbiosis.
85040 extra-invasive hyphal space C The space between the symbiont plasma membrane and the extra-invasive hyphal membrane.
85041 arbuscule C Highly branched symbiont haustoria within host root cortex cells, responsible for nutrient exchange.
85042 periarbuscular membrane C A host-derived membrane surrounding the symbiont arbuscule during symbiosis.
85044 disassembly by symbiont of host cuticle P The process in which a symbiont organism effects a breakdown of the host organism cuticle. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
86001 cardiac muscle cell action potential P An action potential that occurs in a cardiac muscle cell.
86002 cardiac muscle cell action potential involved in contraction P An action potential that occurs in a cardiac muscle cell and is involved in its contraction.
86003 cardiac muscle cell contraction P The actin filament-based process in which cytoplasmic actin filaments slide past one another resulting in contraction of a cardiac muscle cell.
86004 regulation of cardiac muscle cell contraction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell contraction.
86005 ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential P An action potential that occurs in a ventricular cardiac muscle cell.
86006 voltage-gated sodium channel activity involved in cardiac muscle cell action potential F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a sodium ion by a voltage-gated channel through the plasma membrane of a cardiac muscle cell contributing to the depolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
86007 voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved in cardiac muscle cell action potential F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a voltage-gated channel across the plasma membrane of a cardiac muscle cell that contributes to the depolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
86008 voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by a voltage-gated channel through the plasma membrane of a cardiac muscle cell contributing to the repolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
86009 membrane repolarization P The process in which ions are transported across a membrane such that the membrane potential changes in the repolarizing direction, toward the steady state potential. For example, the repolarization during an action potential is from a positive membrane potential towards a negative resting potential.
86010 membrane depolarization during action potential P The process in which membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the negative resting potential towards the positive membrane potential that will be the peak of the action potential.
86011 membrane repolarization during action potential P The process in which ions are transported across a membrane such that the membrane potential changes in the direction from the positive membrane potential at the peak of the action potential towards the negative resting potential.
86012 membrane depolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential P The process in which cardiac muscle cell membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the negative resting potential towards the positive membrane potential that will be the peak of the action potential.
86013 membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential P The process in which ions are transported across a membrane such that the cardiac muscle cell plasma membrane potential changes in the direction from the positive membrane potential at the peak of the action potential towards the negative resting potential.
86014 atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential P An action potential that occurs in an atrial cardiac muscle cell.
86015 SA node cell action potential P An action potential that occurs in a sinoatrial node cardiac muscle cell.
86016 AV node cell action potential P An action potential that occurs in an atrioventricular node cardiac muscle cell.
86017 Purkinje myocyte action potential P An action potential that occurs in a Purkinje myocyte.
86018 SA node cell to atrial cardiac muscle cell signalling P Any process that mediates the transfer of information from an SA node cardiomyocyte to an atrial cardiomyocyte.
86019 cell-cell signaling involved in cardiac conduction P Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the heart process that regulates cardiac muscle contraction; beginning with the generation of an action potential in the sinoatrial node and ending with regulation of contraction of the myocardium.
86020 gap junction channel activity involved in SA node cell-atrial cardiac muscle cell electrical coupling F A wide pore channel activity that enables a direct cytoplasmic connection from an SA node cell to an atrial cardiomyocyte. The gap junction passes electrical signals between the cells contributing to cardiac conduction.
86021 SA node cell to atrial cardiac muscle cell communication by electrical coupling P The process that mediates signaling interactions between an SA node cardiomyocyte and an atrial cardiomyocyte by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.
86022 SA node cell-atrial cardiac muscle cell adhesion involved in cell communication P The attachment of SA node cardiomyocyte to an atrial cardiomyocyte via adhesion molecules that results in the cells being juxtaposed so that they can communicate.
86023 adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process P A series of molecular signals beginning with a G-protein coupled adrenergic cell surface receptor combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine, which contributes to a circulatory system process carried out by the heart.
86024 adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of heart rate P An adrenergic receptor signaling pathway that contributes to an increase in frequency or rate of heart contraction. Binding of adrenalin or noradrenalin to a beta-adrenergic receptor on the surface of the signal-receiving cell results in the activation of an intracellular Gs protein. Gs activates adenylate cyclase to increase intracellular cyclic-AMP (cAMP) levels. cAMP binds directly to F-channels to allow an inward flow of sodium (known as funny current, or If current). The funny current is responsible for membrane depolarization and an increase in heart rate.
86026 atrial cardiac muscle cell to AV node cell signaling P Any process that mediates the transfer of information from an atrial cardiomyocyte to an AV node cell.
86027 AV node cell to bundle of His cell signaling P Any process that mediates the transfer of information from an AV node cardiac muscle cell to a bundle of His cardiomyocyte.
86028 bundle of His cell to Purkinje myocyte signaling P Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a bundle of His cardiomyocyte to a Purkinje myocyte.
86029 Purkinje myocyte to ventricular cardiac muscle cell signaling P Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a Purkinje myocyte to a ventricular cardiac muscle cell.
86030 adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle relaxation P An adrenergic receptor signaling pathway that contributes to a reduction in cardiac muscle contraction. Beta-adrenergic receptor-induced cardiac relaxation is achieved by a GPCR-activated adenylate cyclase generating cAMP; cAMP then activates the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), which phosphorylates the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membrane protein PLB. In its non-phosphorylated state, PLB acts as an inhibitor of the ATPase Ca(2+) pump of the cardiac SR (SERCA2a); inhibition of the pump is relieved upon phosphorylation. The pump removes Ca(2+) from the cytoplasm, thereby preventing cytosolic Ca(2+)-dependent activation of contractile proteins, leading to enhanced muscle relaxation.
86033 G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of heart rate P A G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway that contributes to a decrease in frequency or rate of heart contraction. Binding of acetylcholine to a G-protein coupled (muscarinic) receptor on the surface of the signal-receiving cell results in the alpha subunit of a coupled G-protein binding to GTP. This results in the separation of the beta-gamma complex from the alpha subunit. Both the alpha subunit, and the beta-gamma complex can continue to signal to bring about membrane hyperpolarization and a reduction in heart rate.
86036 regulation of cardiac muscle cell membrane potential P Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in a cardiac muscle cell (a cardiomyocyte). A membrane potential is the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.
86037 sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity involved in regulation of cardiac muscle cell membrane potential F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Na+(in) + K+(out) = ADP + phosphate + Na+(out) + K+(in), that contributes to regulating the membrane potential of a cardiac muscle cell.
86038 calcium:sodium antiporter activity involved in regulation of cardiac muscle cell membrane potential F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Ca2+(in) + Na+(out) = Ca2+(out) + Na+(in), which contributes to regulating the membrane potential of a cardiac muscle cell.
86039 calcium-transporting ATPase activity involved in regulation of cardiac muscle cell membrane potential F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a cardiac muscle cell plasma membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Ca2+(cis) = ADP + phosphate + Ca2+(trans). The transfer contributes to the regulation of the plasma membrane potential.
86040 sodium:proton antiporter activity involved in regulation of cardiac muscle cell membrane potential F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a cardiac muscle cell membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + H+(in) = Na+(in) + H+(out). This transfer contributes to the regulation of the cardiac muscle cell plasma membrane potential.
86041 voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in SA node cell action potential depolarization F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by a voltage-gated channel through the plasma membrane of an SA node cardiac muscle cell contributing to the depolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
86042 cardiac muscle cell-cardiac muscle cell adhesion P The attachment of one cardiomyocyte to another cardiomyocyte via adhesion molecules.
86043 bundle of His cell action potential P An action potential that occurs in a bundle of His cell.
86044 atrial cardiac muscle cell to AV node cell communication by electrical coupling P The process that mediates signaling interactions between an atrial cardiomyocyte and an AV node cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.
86045 membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential P The process in which AV node cardiac muscle cell membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the negative resting potential towards the positive membrane potential that will be the peak of the action potential.
86046 membrane depolarization during SA node cell action potential P The process in which SA node cardiac muscle cell membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the negative resting potential towards the positive membrane potential that will be the peak of the action potential.
86047 membrane depolarization during Purkinje myocyte cell action potential P The process in which Purkinje myocyte membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the negative resting potential towards the positive membrane potential that will be the peak of the action potential.
86048 membrane depolarization during bundle of His cell action potential P The process in which bundle of His cardiac muscle cell membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the negative resting potential towards the positive membrane potential that will be the peak of the action potential.
86049 membrane repolarization during AV node cell action potential P The process in which ions are transported across a membrane such that the AV node cardiac muscle cell membrane potential changes in the direction from the positive membrane potential at the peak of the action potential towards the negative resting potential.
86050 membrane repolarization during bundle of His cell action potential P The process in which ions are transported across a membrane such that the bundle of His cardiac muscle cell membrane potential changes in the direction from the positive membrane potential at the peak of the action potential towards the negative resting potential.
86051 membrane repolarization during Purkinje myocyte action potential P The process in which ions are transported across a membrane such that the Purkinje myocyte membrane potential changes in the direction from the positive membrane potential at the peak of the action potential towards the negative resting potential.
86052 membrane repolarization during SA node cell action potential P The process in which an SA node cardiac muscle cell membrane potential changes in the direction from the positive membrane potential at the peak of the action potential towards the negative resting potential.
86053 AV node cell to bundle of His cell communication by electrical coupling P The process that mediates signaling interactions between an AV node cardiomyocyte and a bundle of His cardiac muscle cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.
86054 bundle of His cell to Purkinje myocyte communication by electrical coupling P The process that mediates signaling interactions between a bundle of His cardiac muscle cell and a Purkinje myocyte by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.
86055 Purkinje myocyte to ventricular cardiac muscle cell communication by electrical coupling P The process that mediates signaling interactions between a Purkinje myocyte and a ventricular cardiac muscle cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.
86056 voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved in AV node cell action potential F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a voltage-gated channel across the plasma membrane of an AV node cardiac muscle cell that contributes to the depolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
86057 voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved in bundle of His cell action potential F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a voltage-gated channel across the plasma membrane of a bundle of His cardiac muscle cell that contributes to the depolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
86058 voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved in Purkinje myocyte cell action potential F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a voltage-gated channel across the plasma membrane of an Purkinje myocyte cell that contributes to the depolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
86059 voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved SA node cell action potential F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a voltage-gated channel across the plasma membrane of an SA node cardiac muscle cell that contributes to the depolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
86060 voltage-gated sodium channel activity involved in AV node cell action potential F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a sodium ion by a voltage-gated channel through the plasma membrane of an AV node cardiac muscle cell contributing to the depolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
86061 voltage-gated sodium channel activity involved in bundle of His cell action potential F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a sodium ion by a voltage-gated channel through the plasma membrane of a bundle of His cardiac muscle cell contributing to the depolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
86062 voltage-gated sodium channel activity involved in Purkinje myocyte action potential F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a sodium ion by a voltage-gated channel through the plasma membrane of a Purkinje myocyte contributing to the depolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
86063 voltage-gated sodium channel activity involved in SA node cell action potential F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a sodium ion by a voltage-gated channel through the plasma membrane of an SA node cardiac muscle cell contributing to the depolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
86064 cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction P The process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels and contributes to the process of cardiac conduction.
86065 cell communication involved in cardiac conduction P Any process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings that contributes to the process of cardiac conduction. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.
86066 atrial cardiac muscle cell to AV node cell communication P The process that mediates interactions between an atrial cardiomyocyte and its surroundings that contributes to the process of the atrial cardiomyocyte communicating with an AV node cell in cardiac conduction. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.
86067 AV node cell to bundle of His cell communication P The process that mediates interactions between an AV node cell and its surroundings that contributes to the process of the AV node cell communicating with a bundle of His cell in cardiac conduction. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.
86068 Purkinje myocyte to ventricular cardiac muscle cell communication P The process that mediates interactions between a Purkinje myocyte and its surroundings that contributes to the process of the Purkinje myocyte communicating with a ventricular cardiac muscle cell in cardiac conduction. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.
86069 bundle of His cell to Purkinje myocyte communication P The process that mediates interactions between a bundle of His cell and its surroundings that contributes to the process of the bundle of His cell communicating with a Purkinje myocyte in cardiac conduction. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.
86070 SA node cell to atrial cardiac muscle cell communication P The process that mediates interactions between an SA node cardiomyocyte and its surroundings that contributes to the process of the SA node cardiomyocyte communicating with an atrial cardiomyocyte in cardiac conduction. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.
86071 atrial cardiac muscle cell-AV node cell adhesion involved in cell communication P The attachment of an atrial cardiomyocyte to an AV node cell via adhesion molecules that results in the cells being juxtaposed so that they can communicate.
86072 AV node cell-bundle of His cell adhesion involved in cell communication P The attachment of an AV node cell to an bundle of His cell via adhesion molecules that results in the cells being juxtaposed so that they can communicate.
86073 bundle of His cell-Purkinje myocyte adhesion involved in cell communication P The attachment of a bundle of His cell to a Purkinje myocyte via adhesion molecules that results in the cells being juxtaposed so that they can communicate.
86074 Purkinje myocyte-ventricular cardiac muscle cell adhesion involved in cell communication P The attachment of an Purkinje myocyte to a ventricular cardiac muscle cell via adhesion molecules that results in the cells being juxtaposed so that they can communicate.
86075 gap junction channel activity involved in cardiac conduction electrical coupling F A wide pore channel activity that enables a direct cytoplasmic connection from one cardiomyocyte to an adjacent cardiomyocyte. The gap junction passes electrical signals between the cells contributing to cardiac conduction.
86076 gap junction channel activity involved in atrial cardiac muscle cell-AV node cell electrical coupling F A wide pore channel activity that enables a direct cytoplasmic connection from an atrial cardiomyocyte to an AV node cell. The gap junction passes electrical signals between the cells contributing to cardiac conduction.
86077 gap junction channel activity involved in AV node cell-bundle of His cell electrical coupling F A wide pore channel activity that enables a direct cytoplasmic connection from an AV node cell to a bundle of His cell. The gap junction passes electrical signals between the cells contributing to cardiac conduction.
86078 gap junction channel activity involved in bundle of His cell-Purkinje myocyte electrical coupling F A wide pore channel activity that enables a direct cytoplasmic connection from a bundle of His cell to a Purkinje myocyte. The gap junction passes electrical signals between the cells contributing to cardiac conduction.
86079 gap junction channel activity involved in Purkinje myocyte-ventricular cardiac muscle cell electrical coupling F A wide pore channel activity that enables a direct cytoplasmic connection from a Purkinje myocyte to a ventricular cardiac muscle cell. The gap junction passes electrical signals between the cells contributing to cardiac conduction.
86080 protein binding involved in heterotypic cell-cell adhesion F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex contributing to the adhesion of two different types of cells.
86081 cell adhesive protein binding involved in atrial cardiac muscle cell-AV node cell communication F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex that results in the connection of an atrial cardiomyocyte with an AV node cell and contributes to the communication between the two cells.
86082 cell adhesive protein binding involved in AV node cell-bundle of His cell communication F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex that results in the connection of an AV node cell with a bundle of His cell and contributes to the communication between the two cells.
86083 cell adhesive protein binding involved in bundle of His cell-Purkinje myocyte communication F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex that results in the connection of a bundle of His cell with a Purkinje myocyte and contributes to the communication between the two cells.
86084 cell adhesive protein binding involved in Purkinje myocyte-ventricular cardiac muscle cell communication F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex that results in the connection of a Purkinje myocyte with an ventricular cardiac muscle cell and contributes to the communication between the two cells.
86085 cell adhesive protein binding involved in SA cardiac muscle cell-atrial cardiac muscle cell communication F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex that results in the connection of an SA cardiomyocyte with an atrial cardiomyocyte and contributes to the communication between the two cells.
86086 voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in AV node cell action potential repolarization F Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by a voltage-gated channel through the plasma membrane of an AV node cardiac muscle cell contributing to the repolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
86087 voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in bundle of His cell action potential repolarization F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by a voltage-gated channel through the plasma membrane of a bundle of His cell contributing to the repolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
86088 voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in Purkinje myocyte action potential repolarization F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by a voltage-gated channel through the plasma membrane of a Purkinje myocyte contributing to the repolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
86089 voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by a voltage-gated channel through the plasma membrane of an atrial cardiomyocyte contributing to the repolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
86090 voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in SA node cell action potential repolarization F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by a voltage-gated channel through the plasma membrane of an SA node cell contributing to the repolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
86091 regulation of heart rate by cardiac conduction P A cardiac conduction process that modulates the frequency or rate of heart contraction.
86092 regulation of the force of heart contraction by cardiac conduction P A cardiac conduction process that modulates the extent of heart contraction, changing the force with which blood is propelled.
86093 G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process P A G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway, which contributes to a circulatory system process carried out by the heart.
86094 positive regulation of ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity by adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of cardiac muscle contraction P An adrenergic receptor signaling pathway that contributes to an increase in frequency or rate of cardiac muscle contraction through phosphorylation and enhancement of the ryanodine receptor, a calcium-activated calcium-release channel found in the membrane of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. An adrenergic receptor-activated adenylate cyclase generates cAMP. cAMP then activates the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), which phosphorylates the ryanodine receptor (RyR). PKA-phosphorylation of RyR enhances channel activity by sensitizing the channel to cytosolic calcium. Cytosolic calcium stimulates contractile proteins to promote muscle contraction.
86095 positive regulation of IKACh channel activity by G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of heart rate P A G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway that contributes to a decrease in frequency or rate of heart contraction through activation of the IKACh potassium channel. Binding of acetylcholine to a G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor (muscarinic receptor) on the surface of the signal-receiving cell results in liberation of the G-beta/gamma complex from the alpha subunit. The G-beta/gamma complex binds directly to the inward-rectifying potassium channel IKACh. Once the ion channel is activated, potassium ions (K+) flow out of the cell and cause it to hyperpolarize. In its hyperpolarized state, action potentials cannot be fired as quickly as possible, which slows the heart rate.
86096 adenylate cyclase-inhibiting adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process P An adrenergic receptor signaling pathway which contributes to a circulatory system process carried out by the heart, where the activated adrenergic receptor transmits the signal by Gi-mediated inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity.
86097 phospholipase C-activating angiotensin-activated signaling pathway P An angiotensin-mediated signaling pathway where the activated receptor transmits the signal via Gq-mediated activation of phospholipase C (PLC). PLC hydrolyses phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) into the second messengers inositol-1,4,5,-triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). DAG activates protein kinase C (PKC), whilst IP3 binds intracellular receptors to induce the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores.
86098 angiotensin-activated signaling pathway involved in heart process P An angiotensin receptor signaling pathway which contributes to a circulatory system process carried out by the heart.
86099 phospholipase C-activating angiotensin-activated signaling pathway involved in heart process P An angiotensin-mediated signaling pathway that contributes to a circulatory system process carried out by the heart, where the activated receptor transmits the signal via Gq-mediated activation of phospholipase C (PLC). PLC hydrolyses phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) into the second messengers inositol-1,4,5,-triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). DAG activates protein kinase C (PKC), whilst IP3 binds intracellular receptors to induce the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores.
86100 endothelin receptor signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by an endothelin receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands, and proceeding with the activated receptor promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. Ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
86101 endothelin receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process P An endothelin receptor signaling pathway which contributes to a circulatory system process carried out by the heart.
86102 adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of heart rate P A G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway that contributes to an decrease in frequency or rate of heart contraction through inhibition of adenylate cyclase (AC) activity. Binding of acetylcholine to a G-protein coupled (muscarinic) receptor on the surface of the signal-receiving cell results in the activation of an intracellular Gi/o protein. Gi/o inhibits adenylate cyclase to decrease cyclic-AMP (cAMP) levels. Since cAMP binds directly to F-channels to allow an inward flow of sodium (funny current, If current), a reduction in cAMP reduces the funny current to bring about membrane hyperpolarization and a decrease in heart rate.
86103 G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process P An G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway which contributes to a circulatory system process carried out by the heart.
89700 protein kinase D signaling P A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase D, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
89701 U2AF C A heterodimeric protein complex consisting of conserved large and small U2AF subunits that contributes to spliceosomal RNA splicing by binding to consensus sequences at the 3' splice site. U2AF is required to stabilize the association of the U2 snRNP with the branch point.
89702 undecaprenyl-phosphate glucose phosphotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyl phosphate = UMP + alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol.
89703 L-aspartate transmembrane export from vacuole P The directed movement of L-aspartate out of the vacuole, across the vacuolar membrane.
89704 L-glutamate transmembrane export from vacuole P The directed movement of L-glutamate out of the vacuole, across the vacuolar membrane.
89705 protein localization to outer membrane P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location the cell outer membrane.
89706 L-ornithine transmembrane export from vacuole P The directed movement of L-ornithine out of the vacuole, across the vacuolar membrane.
89707 L-lysine transmembrane export from vacuole P The directed movement of L-lysine out of the vacuole, across the vacuolar membrane.
89708 L-histidine transmembrane export from vacuole P The directed movement of L-histidine out of the vacuole, across the vacuolar membrane.
89709 L-histidine transmembrane transport P The directed movement of L-histidine across a membrane.
89710 endocytic targeting sequence binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a endocytic signal sequence, a specific peptide sequence, of 4-6 amino acids with an essential tyrosine (Y), found on cytoplasmic tails of some cell surface membrane proteins, which directs internalization by clathrin-coated pits.
89711 L-glutamate transmembrane transport P The directed movement of L-glutamate across a membrane.
89712 L-aspartate transmembrane transport P The directed movement of L-aspartate across a membrane.
89713 Cbf1-Met4-Met28 complex C A heteromeric complex consisting of Cbf1 and basic leucine zipper (bZIP) containing transcriptional activators, Met4 and Met28, that forms over the sequence TCACGTG in the upstream activating sequence (UAS) of genes involved in sulfur amino acid metabolism, resulting in their transcriptional activation.
89714 UDP-N-acetyl-D-mannosamine dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-mannosamine + 2 NAD+ + H2O = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-mannosaminuronate + 2 NADH + 2 H+.
89715 tRNA m6t6A37 methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA containing N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing N6-methylthreonylcarbamoyladenosine.
89716 Pip2-Oaf1 complex C A heterodimeric complex consisting of Zn(2)Cys(6) containing transcription factors Pip2 and Oaf1. It binds to the oleate response element (ORE), found in the promoters of fatty acid-inducible genes in Saccharomyces where, in the presence of oleate this bound complex activates the transcription of genes encoding peroxisomal proteins.
89717 spanning component of membrane C The component of a membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that have some part that spans both leaflets of the membrane.
89718 amino acid import across plasma membrane P The directed movement of an amino acid from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
89719 RHG protein domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RHG (reaper/hid/grimm) domain/motif (AKA iap binding motif).
89720 caspase binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a caspase family protein.
89721 phosphoenolpyruvate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of a phosphoenolpyruvate from one side of a membrane to the other.
89722 phosphoenolpyruvate transmembrane transport P The directed movement of phosphoenolpytuvate across a membrane.
90001 replication fork arrest at tRNA locus P A process that impedes the progress of the DNA replication fork at natural replication fork pausing sites within the eukaryotic tRNA transcription unit.
90002 establishment of protein localization to plasma membrane P The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the plasma membrane.
90003 regulation of establishment of protein localization to plasma membrane P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the plasma membrane.
90004 positive regulation of establishment of protein localization to plasma membrane P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the plasma membrane.
90005 negative regulation of establishment of protein localization to plasma membrane P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the plasma membrane.
90006 regulation of linear element assembly P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of linear element assembly. Linear element assembly is the cell cycle process in which a proteinaceous scaffold, related to the synaptonemal complex, is assembled in association with S. pombe chromosomes during meiotic prophase.
90008 hypoblast development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hypoblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The hypoblast is a tissue formed from the inner cell mass that lies beneath the epiblast and gives rise to extraembryonic endoderm.
90009 primitive streak formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the primitive streak from unspecified parts. The primitive streak is a ridge of cells running along the midline of the embryo where the mesoderm ingresses. It defines the anterior-posterior axis.
90010 transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway involved in primitive streak formation P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the formation of the primitive streak.
90011 Wnt signaling pathway involved in primitive streak formation P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that contribute to the formation of the primitive streak.
90012 negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway involved in primitive streak formation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of any TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway that contributes to the formation of the primitive streak.
90013 regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway involved in primitive streak formation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway that contributes to the formation of the primitive streak.
90014 leaflet formation P The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a leaflet from unspecified parts. A leaflet is one of the ultimate segments of a compound leaf.
90015 positive regulation of leaflet formation by auxin mediated signaling pathway P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of leaflet formation as a result of the series of molecular signals generated in response to detection of auxin.
90016 regulation of leaflet formation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leaflet formation.
90017 anterior neural plate formation P The formation of anterior end of the flat, thickened layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate.
90018 posterior neural plate formation P The formation of posterior end of the flat, thickened layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate.
90019 regulation of transcription involved in anterior neural plate formation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter contributing to the formation of the anterior neural plate.
90020 regulation of transcription involved in posterior neural plate formation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter contributing to the formation of the posterior neural plate.
90021 positive regulation of posterior neural plate formation by Wnt signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell and increasing the rate or extent of posterior neural plate formation.
90022 regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil chemotaxis. Neutrophil chemotaxis is the directed movement of a neutrophil cell, the most numerous polymorphonuclear leukocyte found in the blood, in response to an external stimulus, usually an infection or wounding.
90023 positive regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis P Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil chemotaxis. Neutrophil chemotaxis is the directed movement of a neutrophil cell, the most numerous polymorphonuclear leukocyte found in the blood, in response to an external stimulus, usually an infection or wounding.
90024 negative regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil chemotaxis. Neutrophil chemotaxis is the directed movement of a neutrophil cell, the most numerous polymorphonuclear leukocyte found in the blood, in response to an external stimulus, usually an infection or wounding.
90025 regulation of monocyte chemotaxis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of monocyte chemotaxis.
90026 positive regulation of monocyte chemotaxis P Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of monocyte chemotaxis.
90027 negative regulation of monocyte chemotaxis P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of monocyte chemotaxis.
90028 positive regulation of pheromone-dependent signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of pheromone-dependent signal transduction during conjugation with cellular fusion, a signal transduction process resulting in the relay, amplification or dampening of a signal generated in response to pheromone exposure in organisms that undergo conjugation with cellular fusion.
90029 negative regulation of pheromone-dependent signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of pheromone-dependent signal transduction during conjugation with cellular fusion, a signal transduction process resulting in the relay, amplification or dampening of a signal generated in response to pheromone exposure in organisms that undergo conjugation with cellular fusion.
90030 regulation of steroid hormone biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroid hormones,compounds with a 1, 2, cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus that act as hormones.
90031 positive regulation of steroid hormone biosynthetic process P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroid hormones,compounds with a 1, 2, cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus that act as hormones.
90032 negative regulation of steroid hormone biosynthetic process P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroid hormones,compounds with a 1, 2, cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus that act as hormones.
90033 positive regulation of filamentous growth P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which a multicellular organism or a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape.
90034 regulation of chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly. Chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly is the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex, mediated by chaperone molecules that do not form part of the finished complex.
90035 positive regulation of chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly P Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly. Chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly is the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex, mediated by chaperone molecules that do not form part of the finished complex.
90036 regulation of protein kinase C signaling P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase C, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
90037 positive regulation of protein kinase C signaling P Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase C, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
90038 negative regulation of protein kinase C signaling P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of a series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase C, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
90042 tubulin deacetylation P The removal of an acetyl group from tubulin. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid.
90043 regulation of tubulin deacetylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tubulin deacetylation. Tubulin deacetylation is the removal of an acetyl group from a protein amino acid.
90044 positive regulation of tubulin deacetylation P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of tubulin deacetylation. Tubulin deacetylation is the removal of an acetyl group from a protein amino acid.
90045 positive regulation of deacetylase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of deacetylase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of an acetyl group or groups from a substrate molecule.
90049 regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis. Cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis is the orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels contributing to the process of sprouting angiogenesis.
90050 positive regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis. Cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis is the orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels contributing to the process of sprouting angiogenesis.
90051 negative regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis. Cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis is the orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels contributing to the process of sprouting angiogenesis.
90052 regulation of chromatin silencing at centromere P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin silencing at the centromere. Chromatin silencing at the centromere is the repression of transcription of centromeric DNA by altering the structure of chromatin.
90053 positive regulation of chromatin silencing at centromere P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin silencing at the centromere. Chromatin silencing at the centromere is the repression of transcription of centromeric DNA by altering the structure of chromatin.
90054 regulation of chromatin silencing at silent mating-type cassette P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of chromatin silencing at silent mating-type cassette. Chromatin silencing at silent mating-type cassette is the repression of transcription at silent mating-type loci by altering the structure of chromatin.
90055 positive regulation of chromatin silencing at silent mating-type cassette P Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of chromatin silencing at silent mating-type cassette. Chromatin silencing at silent mating-type cassette is the repression of transcription at silent mating-type loci by altering the structure of chromatin.
90056 regulation of chlorophyll metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving chlorophyll.
90057 root radial pattern formation P The radial pattern formation process that results in the formation of the different tissues of the root around its radial axis.
90058 metaxylem development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metaxylem over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metaxylem is the part of the primary xylem that differentiates after the protoxylem and before the secondary xylem, if any of the latter is formed.
90059 protoxylem development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the protoxylem over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The protoxylem comprises the first formed elements of the primary xylem.
90060 regulation of metaxylem development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of metaxylem development. Metaxylem development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metaxylem over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metaxylem is the part of the primary xylem that differentiates after the protoxylem and before the secondary xylem, if any of the latter is formed.
90062 regulation of trehalose metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of trehalose metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving trehalose, a disaccharide isomeric with sucrose and obtained from certain lichens and fungi.
90063 positive regulation of microtubule nucleation P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of microtubule nucleation. Microtubule nucleation is the 'de novo' formation of a microtubule, in which tubulin heterodimers form metastable oligomeric aggregates, some of which go on to support formation of a complete microtubule. Microtubule nucleation usually occurs from a specific site within a cell.
90064 activation of microtubule nucleation P Any process that starts the inactive process of microtubule nucleation. Microtubule nucleation is the 'de novo' formation of a microtubule, in which tubulin heterodimers form metastable oligomeric aggregates, some of which go on to support formation of a complete microtubule. Microtubule nucleation usually occurs from a specific site within a cell.
90065 regulation of production of siRNA involved in RNA interference P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the production of siRNA, the cleavage of double-stranded RNA to form small interfering RNA molecules (siRNAs) of 21-23 nucleotides, in the context of RNA interference.
90066 regulation of anatomical structure size P Any process that modulates the size of an anatomical structure.
90067 regulation of thalamus size P Any process that modulates the size of the thalamus. The thalamus is a part of the diencephalon that is composed of the dorsal thalamus and the ventral thalamus.
90068 positive regulation of cell cycle process P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events.
90069 regulation of ribosome biogenesis P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of ribosome biogenesis. Ribosome biogenesis is the cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of ribosome subunits.
90070 positive regulation of ribosome biogenesis P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of ribosome biogenesis. Ribosome biogenesis is the cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of ribosome subunits.
90071 negative regulation of ribosome biogenesis P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of ribosome biogenesis. Ribosome biogenesis is the cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of ribosome subunits.
90073 positive regulation of protein homodimerization activity P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein homodimerization, interacting selectively with an identical protein to form a homodimer.
90074 negative regulation of protein homodimerization activity P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of protein homodimerization, interacting selectively with an identical protein to form a homodimer.
90075 relaxation of muscle P A process in which the extent of muscle contraction is reduced. Muscle relaxation can involve a number of processes including the removal of calcium from the cytoplasm to the sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen through the action of Ca2+ ATPases. In some muscles, calcium-independent pathways also play a role in muscle relaxation by decreasing the phosphorylation state of myosin light chain.
90076 relaxation of skeletal muscle P A process in which the extent of skeletal muscle tissue contraction is reduced. Muscle relaxation involves the removal of calcium from the cytoplasm to the sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen through the action of Ca2+ ATPases.
90077 foam cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a foam cell. A foam cell is a type of cell containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions.
90078 smooth muscle derived foam cell differentiation P The process in which a smooth muscle cell acquires the specialized features of a foam cell. A foam cell is a type of cell containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions.
90079 translation regulator activity, nucleic acid binding F Any selective and non-covalent interaction with a nucleic acid involved in the initiation, activation, perpetuation, repression or termination of polypeptide synthesis at the ribosome.
90080 positive regulation of MAPKKK cascade by fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands resulting in an increase in the rate or frequency of a MAPKKK cascade.
90081 regulation of heart induction by regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway that regulates heart induction. Canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart induction is the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by relaying of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.
90082 positive regulation of heart induction by negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway that positively regulates heart induction. Canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart induction is the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.
90083 regulation of inclusion body assembly P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of inclusion body assembly. Inclusion body assembly is the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an inclusion body.
90084 negative regulation of inclusion body assembly P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of inclusion body assembly. Inclusion body assembly is the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an inclusion body.
90085 regulation of protein deubiquitination P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein deubiquitination. Protein deubiquitination is the removal of one or more ubiquitin groups from a protein.
90086 negative regulation of protein deubiquitination P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of protein deubiquitination. Protein deubiquitination is the removal of one or more ubiquitin groups from a protein.
90087 regulation of peptide transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
90088 regulation of oligopeptide transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of oligopeptides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Oligopeptides are molecules that contain a small number (2 to 20) of amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages.
90089 regulation of dipeptide transport P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of dipeptide transport. Dipeptide transport is the directed movement of a dipeptide, a combination of two amino acids by means of a peptide (-CO-NH-) link, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
90090 negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin, the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.
90091 positive regulation of extracellular matrix disassembly P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of extracellular matrix disassembly. Extracellular matrix disassembly is a process that results in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix.
90092 regulation of transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a transmembrane receptor serine/threonine kinase binding to its physiological ligand.
90093 regulation of fungal-type cell wall beta-glucan biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fungal-type cell wall beta-glucan biosynthesis, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of fungal cells.
90094 metanephric cap mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in metanephros development P The multiplication or reproduction of metanephric cap mesenchymal cells, resulting in the expansion of the cell population. A metanephric cap mesenchymal cell is a mesenchymal cell that has condensed with other mesenchymal cells surrounding the ureteric bud tip.
90095 regulation of metanephric cap mesenchymal cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of metanephric cap mesenchymal cell proliferation. Metanephric cap mesenchymal cell proliferation is the multiplication or reproduction of metanephric cap mesenchymal cells, resulting in the expansion of the cell population. A metanephric cap mesenchymal cell is a mesenchymal cell that has condensed with other mesenchymal cells surrounding the ureteric bud tip.
90096 positive regulation of metanephric cap mesenchymal cell proliferation P Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of metanephric cap mesenchymal cell proliferation. Metanephric cap mesenchymal cell proliferation is the multiplication or reproduction of metanephric cap mesenchymal cells, resulting in the expansion of the cell population. A metanephric cap mesenchymal cell is a mesenchymal cell that has condensed with other mesenchymal cells surrounding the ureteric bud tip.
90097 regulation of decapentaplegic signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the decapentaplegic signaling pathway. The decapentaplegic signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the signal decapentaplegic binding to one of its physiological receptors.
90098 positive regulation of decapentaplegic signaling pathway P Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the decapentaplegic signaling pathway. The decapentaplegic signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the signal decapentaplegic binding to one of its physiological receptors.
90099 negative regulation of decapentaplegic signaling pathway P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of the decapentaplegic signaling pathway. The decapentaplegic signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the signal decapentaplegic binding to one of its physiological receptors.
90100 positive regulation of transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a transmembrane receptor serine/threonine kinase binding to its physiological ligand.
90101 negative regulation of transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a transmembrane receptor serine/threonine kinase binding to its physiological ligand.
90102 cochlea development P The progression of the cochlea over time from its formation to the mature structure. The cochlea is the snail-shaped portion of the inner ear that is responsible for the detection of sound.
90103 cochlea morphogenesis P The process in which the cochlea is generated and organized.
90104 pancreatic epsilon cell differentiation P The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features of a pancreatic epsilon cell. A pancreatic epsilon cell is a cell in the pancreas that secretes ghrelin.
90105 pancreatic E cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pancreatic E cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
90106 pancreatic E cell fate commitment P The commitment of a cell to a pancreatic E cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a pancreatic E cell.
90107 regulation of high-density lipoprotein particle assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of high-density lipoprotein particle assembly. High-density lipoprotein particle assembly is the aggregation and arrangement of proteins and lipids to form a high-density lipoprotein particle.
90108 positive regulation of high-density lipoprotein particle assembly P Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of high-density lipoprotein particle assembly. High-density lipoprotein particle assembly is the aggregation and arrangement of proteins and lipids to form a high-density lipoprotein particle.
90109 regulation of cell-substrate junction assembly P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cell-substrate junction assembly. Cell-substrate junction assembly is the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a junction between a cell and its substrate.
90110 cargo loading into COPII-coated vesicle P The formation of a macromolecular complex between the COPII coat proteins and proteins and/or lipoproteins that are going to be transported by the COPII vesicle to the Golgi.
90111 regulation of COPII vesicle uncoating P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of COPII vesicle uncoating, the process in which COPII vesicle coat proteins are disassembled, and released.
90112 COPII vesicle uncoating P The process in which COPII vesicle coat proteins are disassembled, and released.
90113 regulation of ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport by GTP hydrolysis P The GTP hydrolysis process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport, the directed movement of substances from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi, mediated by COP II vesicles.
90114 COPII-coated vesicle budding P The evagination of an endoplasmic reticulum membrane, resulting in formation of a COPII-coated vesicle.
90115 C-5 methylation on cytosine involved in chromatin silencing P The covalent transfer of a methyl group to C-5 of cytosine in a DNA molecule that contributes to chromatin silencing.
90116 C-5 methylation of cytosine P The covalent transfer of a methyl group to C-5 of cytosine in a DNA molecule.
90117 endosome to lysosome transport of low-density lipoprotein particle P The directed movement of low-density lipoprotein particle from endosomes to lysosomes.
90118 receptor-mediated endocytosis involved in cholesterol transport P A receptor-mediated endocytosis process involved in intracellular cholesterol transport.
90119 vesicle-mediated cholesterol transport P The directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, or cholesterol-containing compounds, by membrane-bounded vesicles.
90120 lysosome to ER cholesterol transport P The directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, or cholesterol-containing compounds, from the lysosome to the endoplasmic reticulum.
90121 low-density lipoprotein particle disassembly involved in cholesterol transport P The disassembly into constituent parts of the low-density lipoprotein particle in the lysosome that contributes to cholesterol transport.
90122 cholesterol ester hydrolysis involved in cholesterol transport P The cholesterol metabolic process in which cholesterol esters are hydrolyzed into free fatty acids and cholesterol in the lysosome that contributes to intracellular cholesterol transport.
90123 lysosomal glycocalyx C The polysaccharide-based coating on the inner side of a lysosomal membrane that protects it from digestion by lysosomal enzymes.
90124 N-4 methylation of cytosine P The covalent transfer of a methyl group to N-4 of cytosine in a DNA molecule.
90125 cell-cell adhesion involved in synapse maturation P The attachment of the pre-synaptic cell to the post-synaptic cell via adhesion molecules that contributes to synapse maturation.
90126 protein complex assembly involved in synapse maturation P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex that contributes to synapse maturation.
90127 positive regulation of synapse maturation by synaptic transmission P Any process that increases the extent of synaptic maturation as a result of the communication from a pre-synaptic cell to a post-synaptic cell across a synapse.
90128 regulation of synapse maturation P Any process that modulates the extent of synapse maturation, the process that organizes a synapse so that it attains its fully functional state.
90129 positive regulation of synapse maturation P Any process that increases the extent of synapse maturation, the process that organizes a synapse so that it attains its fully functional state.
90130 tissue migration P The process in which the population of cells that make up a tissue undergo directed movement.
90131 mesenchyme migration P The process in which the population of cells that make up a mesenchyme undergo directed movement.
90132 epithelium migration P The process in which the population of cells that make up an epithelium undergo directed movement.
90133 mesendoderm migration P The process in which the population of cells that make up a mesendoderm undergo directed movement. The mesendoderm is the epithelial tissue that gives rise to both mesoderm and endoderm.
90134 cell migration involved in mesendoderm migration P The orderly movement of epithelial cells from one site to another that contributes to the migration of mesendodermal tissue.
90135 actin filament branching P The formation of daughter actin filament branches at an angle on the sides of preexisting mother filaments.
90136 epithelial cell-cell adhesion P The attachment of an epithelial cell to another epithelial cell via adhesion molecules.
90137 epithelial cell-cell adhesion involved in epithelium migration P The attachment of an epithelial cell to another epithelial cell via adhesion molecules that contributes to epithelium migration.
90138 regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization by cell-cell adhesion P Any cell-cell adhesion process that modulates the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.
90139 mitochondrial DNA packaging P Any process in which mitochondrial DNA and associated proteins are formed into a compact, orderly structure.
90140 regulation of mitochondrial fission P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of mitochondrial fission. Mitochondrial fission is the division of a mitochondrion within a cell to form two or more separate mitochondrial compartments.
90141 positive regulation of mitochondrial fission P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of mitochondrial fission. Mitochondrial fission is the division of a mitochondrion within a cell to form two or more separate mitochondrial compartments.
90143 nucleoid organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nucleoid. The nucleoid is the region of a bacterial cell, virion, mitochondrion or chloroplast to which the DNA is confined.
90144 mitochondrial nucleoid organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the mitochondrial nucleoid. The mitochondrial nucleoid is the region of a mitochondrion to which the DNA is confined.
90145 mitochondrial nucleoid organization involved in mitochondrial fission P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the mitochondrial nucleoid that contributes to mitochondrial division.
90146 establishment of mitochondrion localization involved in mitochondrial fission P The directed movement of mitochondria to the correct region of the cell that contributes to the process of mitochondrial fission.
90147 regulation of establishment of mitochondrion localization involved in mitochondrial fission P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of mitochondria to the correct region of the cell that contributes to the process of mitochondrial fission.
90148 membrane fission P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the separation of a single continuous membrane into two membranes.
90149 mitochondrial membrane fission P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the separation of a single continuous mitochondrial membrane into two membranes and contributes to mitochondrial fission.
90150 establishment of protein localization to membrane P The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in a membrane.
90151 establishment of protein localization to mitochondrial membrane P The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the mitochondrial membrane.
90152 establishment of protein localization to mitochondrial membrane involved in mitochondrial fission P The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the mitochondrial membrane that contributes to mitochondrial fission.
90153 regulation of sphingolipid biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of sphingolipid biosynthesis. Sphingolipid biosynthesis is the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingolipids, any of a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid).
90154 positive regulation of sphingolipid biosynthetic process P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of sphingolipid biosynthesis. Sphingolipid biosynthesis is the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingolipids, any of a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid).
90155 negative regulation of sphingolipid biosynthetic process P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of sphingolipid biosynthesis. Sphingolipid biosynthesis is the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingolipids, any of a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid).
90156 cellular sphingolipid homeostasis P Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of sphingolipids at the level of the cell.
90157 negative regulation of sphingolipid biosynthesis involved in cellular sphingolipid homeostasis P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of sphingolipid biosynthesis that contributes to the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of sphingolipids at the level of the cell.
90158 endoplasmic reticulum membrane organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an endoplasmic reticulum membrane.
90159 sphingolipid biosynthesis involved in endoplasmic reticulum membrane organization P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingolipids that contributes to endoplasmic reticulum membrane organization.
90160 Golgi to lysosome transport P The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to lysosomes.
90161 Golgi ribbon formation P The formation of a continuous ribbon of interconnected Golgi stacks of flat cisternae.
90162 establishment of epithelial cell polarity P The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization of an epithelial cell.
90163 establishment of epithelial cell planar polarity P The specification and formation of the polarity of an epithelial cell along the plane of the epithelial tissue.
90164 asymmetric Golgi ribbon formation P The asymmetric formation of a continuous ribbon of interconnected Golgi stacks of flat cisternae that contributes to the establishment of epithelial cell polarity.
90165 regulation of secretion by asymmetric Golgi ribbon formation P The asymmetric formation of a continuous ribbon of interconnected Golgi stacks of flat cisternae that modulates the controlled release of a substance from a polarized epithelial cell.
90166 Golgi disassembly P A cellular process that results in the breakdown of a Golgi apparatus that contributes to Golgi inheritance.
90167 Golgi distribution to daughter cells P Any process in which disassembled Golgi vesicles are localized into daughter cells upon cell division.
90168 Golgi reassembly P The reformation of the Golgi following its breakdown and partitioning contributing to Golgi inheritance.
90169 regulation of spindle assembly P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of spindle assembly. Spindle assembly is the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that serves to move duplicated chromosomes apart.
90170 regulation of Golgi inheritance P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of Golgi inheritance. Golgi inheritance is the partitioning of Golgi apparatus between daughter cells at cell division.
90171 chondrocyte morphogenesis P The process in which the structures of a chondrocyte are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a chondrocyte.
90172 microtubule cytoskeleton organization involved in homologous chromosome segregation P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins that contributes to chromosomal pairing and precedes synapsis.
90173 regulation of synaptonemal complex assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptonemal complex assembly. Synaptonemal complex assembly is the cell cycle process in which the synaptonemal complex, a structure that holds paired chromosomes together during prophase I of meiosis and that promotes genetic recombination, is formed.
90174 organelle membrane fusion P The joining of two lipid bilayers to form a single organelle membrane.
90175 regulation of establishment of planar polarity P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the establishment of planar polarity, the coordinated organization of groups of cells in a tissue, such that they all orient to similar coordinates.
90176 microtubule cytoskeleton organization involved in establishment of planar polarity P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins and contributes to the establishment of planar polarity.
90177 establishment of planar polarity involved in neural tube closure P Coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of an epithelium that contributes to the closure of the neural tube.
90178 regulation of establishment of planar polarity involved in neural tube closure P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the establishment of planar polarity involved in neural tube closure, the coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of an epithelium that contributes to the closure of the neural tube.
90179 planar cell polarity pathway involved in neural tube closure P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors that modulates the establishment of planar polarity contributing to neural tube closure.
90180 positive regulation of thiamine biosynthetic process P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine.
90181 regulation of cholesterol metabolic process P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cholesterol metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.
90182 regulation of secretion of lysosomal enzymes P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of secretion of lysosomal enzymes, the controlled release of lysosomal enzymes by a cell.
90183 regulation of kidney development P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of kidney development. Kidney development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The kidney is an organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.
90184 positive regulation of kidney development P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of kidney development. Kidney development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The kidney is an organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.
90185 negative regulation of kidney development P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of kidney development. Kidney development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The kidney is an organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.
90186 regulation of pancreatic juice secretion P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of pancreatic juice secretion, the regulated release of pancreatic juice by the exocrine pancreas into the upper part of the intestine.
90187 positive regulation of pancreatic juice secretion P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of pancreatic juice secretion, the regulated release of pancreatic juice by the exocrine pancreas into the upper part of the intestine.
90188 negative regulation of pancreatic juice secretion P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of pancreatic juice secretion, the regulated release of pancreatic juice by the exocrine pancreas into the upper part of the intestine.
90189 regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis, the process in which the branching structure of the ureteric bud is generated and organized. The ureteric bud is an epithelial tube that grows out from the metanephric duct. The bud elongates and branches to give rise to the ureter and kidney collecting tubules.
90190 positive regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis, the process in which the branching structure of the ureteric bud is generated and organized. The ureteric bud is an epithelial tube that grows out from the metanephric duct. The bud elongates and branches to give rise to the ureter and kidney collecting tubules.
90191 negative regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis, the process in which the branching structure of the ureteric bud is generated and organized. The ureteric bud is an epithelial tube that grows out from the metanephric duct. The bud elongates and branches to give rise to the ureter and kidney collecting tubules.
90192 regulation of glomerulus development P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of glomerulus development, the progression of the glomerulus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The glomerulus is a capillary tuft surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney.
90193 positive regulation of glomerulus development P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of glomerulus development, the progression of the glomerulus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The glomerulus is a capillary tuft surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney.
90194 negative regulation of glomerulus development P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of glomerulus development, the progression of the glomerulus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The glomerulus is a capillary tuft surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney.
90195 chemokine secretion P The regulated release of chemokines from a cell.
90196 regulation of chemokine secretion P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of chemokine secretion, the regulated release of chemokines from a cell.
90197 positive regulation of chemokine secretion P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of chemokine secretion, the regulated release of chemokines from a cell.
90198 negative regulation of chemokine secretion P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of chemokine secretion, the regulated release of chemokines from a cell.
90199 regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, the process in which cytochrome c is enabled to move from the mitochondrial intermembrane space into the cytosol, which is an early step in apoptosis and leads to caspase activation.
90200 positive regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, the process in which cytochrome c is enabled to move from the mitochondrial intermembrane space into the cytosol, which is an early step in apoptosis and leads to caspase activation.
90201 negative regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, the process in which cytochrome c is enabled to move from the mitochondrial intermembrane space into the cytosol, which is an early step in apoptosis and leads to caspase activation.
90202 gene looping P The formation and maintenance of DNA loops that juxtapose sequentially separated regions of RNA polymerase II-transcribed genes.
90203 transcriptional activation by promoter-terminator looping P The formation and maintenance of DNA loops that juxtapose the promoter and terminator regions of RNA polymerase II-transcribed genes and activate transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
90204 protein localization to nuclear pore P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a nuclear pore.
90205 positive regulation of cholesterol metabolic process P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of cholesterol metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.
90206 negative regulation of cholesterol metabolic process P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of cholesterol metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.
90207 regulation of triglyceride metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving triglyceride, any triester of glycerol.
90208 positive regulation of triglyceride metabolic process P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving triglyceride, any triester of glycerol.
90209 negative regulation of triglyceride metabolic process P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving triglyceride, any triester of glycerol.
90210 regulation of establishment of blood-brain barrier P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the establishment of the blood-brain barrier, a selectively permeable structural and functional barrier that exists between the capillaries and the brain.
90211 positive regulation of establishment of blood-brain barrier P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the establishment of the blood-brain barrier, a selectively permeable structural and functional barrier that exists between the capillaries and the brain.
90212 negative regulation of establishment of blood-brain barrier P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the establishment of the blood-brain barrier, a selectively permeable structural and functional barrier that exists between the capillaries and the brain.
90213 regulation of radial pattern formation P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of radial pattern formation, the regionalization process that results in defined areas around a point in which specific types of cell differentiation will occur.
90214 spongiotrophoblast layer developmental growth P The increase in size or mass of the spongiotrophoblast layer of the placenta where the increase in size or mass contributes to the progression of that layer over time from its formation to its mature state.
90215 regulation of 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate = ADP + 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate.
90216 positive regulation of 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase activity P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate = ADP + 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate.
90217 negative regulation of 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase activity P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate = ADP + 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate.
90218 positive regulation of lipid kinase activity P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of lipid kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a simple or complex lipid.
90219 negative regulation of lipid kinase activity P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of lipid kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a simple or complex lipid.
90220 chromosome localization to nuclear envelope involved in homologous chromosome segregation P The directed movement of a chromosome to the nuclear envelope that contributes to homologous chromosome segregation and precedes synapsis.
90221 mitotic spindle-templated microtubule nucleation P The 'de novo' formation of a microtubule, in which tubulin heterodimers form metastable oligomeric aggregates from within the mitotic spindle.
90222 centrosome-templated microtubule nucleation P The 'de novo' formation of a microtubule, in which tubulin heterodimers form metastable oligomeric aggregates from the centrosome.
90223 chromatin-templated microtubule nucleation P The 'de novo' formation of a microtubule, in which tubulin heterodimers form metastable oligomeric aggregates from chromatin.
90224 regulation of spindle organization P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the microtubule spindle.
90225 regulation of spindle density P Any process that modulates the number of microtubules in a given region of the spindle.
90226 regulation of microtubule nucleation by Ran protein signal transduction P Any series of molecular signals in which a Ran GTPase relays one or more of the signals resulting in the modulation of the rate, frequency or extent of microtubule nucleation.
90227 regulation of red or far-red light signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the red or far-red signaling pathway, the series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing by photoreceptor molecules of red light or far red light.
90228 positive regulation of red or far-red light signaling pathway P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the red or far-red signaling pathway, the series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing by photoreceptor molecules of red light or far red light.
90229 negative regulation of red or far-red light signaling pathway P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the red or far-red signaling pathway, the series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing by photoreceptor molecules of red light or far red light.
90230 regulation of centromere complex assembly P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of centromere complex assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and centromeric DNA molecules to form a centromeric protein-DNA complex.
90231 regulation of spindle checkpoint P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the spindle checkpoint, a cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition until the spindle is correctly assembled and oriented, and chromosomes are attached to the spindle.
90232 positive regulation of spindle checkpoint P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the spindle checkpoint, a cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition until the spindle is correctly assembled and oriented, and chromosomes are attached to the spindle.
90233 negative regulation of spindle checkpoint P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the spindle checkpoint, a cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition until the spindle is correctly assembled and oriented, and chromosomes are attached to the spindle.
90234 regulation of kinetochore assembly P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of kinetochore assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the kinetochore, a multisubunit complex that is located at the centromeric region of DNA and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules.
90235 regulation of metaphase plate congression P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of metaphase plate congression, the alignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate, a plane halfway between the poles of the spindle.
90236 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in somitogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the formation of mesodermal clusters that are arranged segmentally along the anterior posterior axis of an embryo.
90237 regulation of arachidonic acid secretion P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of arachidonic acid secretion, the controlled release of arachidonic acid from a cell or a tissue.
90238 positive regulation of arachidonic acid secretion P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of arachidonic acid secretion, the controlled release of arachidonic acid from a cell or a tissue.
90239 regulation of histone H4 acetylation P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of histone H4 acetylation, the modification of histone H4 by the addition of an acetyl group.
90240 positive regulation of histone H4 acetylation P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of histone H4 acetylation, the modification of histone H4 by the addition of an acetyl group.
90241 negative regulation of histone H4 acetylation P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of histone H4 acetylation, the modification of histone H4 by the addition of an acetyl group.
90242 retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a retinoic acid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to somitogenesis.
90243 fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to somitogenesis.
90244 Wnt signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis P The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell and ending with a change in cell state that contributes to somitogenesis.
90245 axis elongation involved in somitogenesis P The developmental growth that results in the elongation of the rostral-caudal axis that contributes to somitogenesis.
90246 convergent extension involved in somitogenesis P The morphogenetic process in which a presomitic mesoderm narrows along the left-right axis and lengthens in the rostral-caudal axis contributing to somitogenesis.
90247 cell motility involved in somitogenic axis elongation P Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that contributes to somitogenic axis elongation.
90248 cell migration involved in somitogenic axis elongation P The orderly movement of a presomitic mesoderm cell that contributes to somitogenic axis elongation.
90249 regulation of cell motility involved in somitogenic axis elongation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that contributes to somitogenic axis elongation.
90250 cell-cell adhesion involved in establishment of planar polarity P The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules that contributes to the establishment of planar cell polarity.
90251 protein localization involved in establishment of planar polarity P Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location in a cell that contributes to the establishment of planar polarity.
90252 epithelium migration involved in imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis P The process in which the population of cells that make up a wing epithelium undergo directed movement and contribute to imaginal disc-derived morphogenesis.
90253 convergent extension involved in imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis P The morphogenetic process in which the wing epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis that contributes to imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis.
90254 cell elongation involved in imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis P The process in which a cell elongates and contributes to imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis.
90255 cell proliferation involved in imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis P The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis.
90256 regulation of cell proliferation involved in imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis.
90257 regulation of muscle system process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a muscle system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in a muscle system.
90258 negative regulation of mitochondrial fission P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of mitochondrial fission. Mitochondrial fission is the division of a mitochondrion within a cell to form two or more separate mitochondrial compartments.
90259 regulation of retinal ganglion cell axon guidance P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of retinal ganglion cell axon guidance, the process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a retinal ganglion cell (RGC) is directed to its target in the brain in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
90260 negative regulation of retinal ganglion cell axon guidance P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of retinal ganglion cell axon guidance, the process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a retinal ganglion cell (RGC) is directed to its target in the brain in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
90261 positive regulation of inclusion body assembly P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of inclusion body assembly. Inclusion body assembly is the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an inclusion body.
90262 regulation of transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-excision repair process that carries out preferential repair of DNA lesions on the actively transcribed strand of the DNA duplex. In addition, the transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair pathway is required for the recognition and repair of a small subset of lesions that are not recognized by the global genome nucleotide excision repair pathway.
90263 positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin, the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.
90264 regulation of immune complex clearance by monocytes and macrophages P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the process of immune complex clearance by monocytes or macrophages.
90265 positive regulation of immune complex clearance by monocytes and macrophages P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the process of immune complex clearance by monocytes or macrophages.
90266 regulation of mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint, a cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition of a mitotic nuclear division until the spindle is correctly assembled and chromosomes are attached to the spindle.
90267 positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint, a cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition of a mitotic nuclear division until the spindle is correctly assembled and chromosomes are attached to the spindle.
90268 activation of mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint P Any process that starts the inactive process of a mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint.
90269 fibroblast growth factor production P The appearance of a fibroblast growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
90270 regulation of fibroblast growth factor production P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the appearance of a fibroblast growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
90271 positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor production P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the appearance of a fibroblast growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
90272 negative regulation of fibroblast growth factor production P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the appearance of a fibroblast growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
90273 regulation of somatostatin secretion P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, extent of the regulated release of somatostatin from secretory granules in the D cells of the pancreas.
90274 positive regulation of somatostatin secretion P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, extent of the regulated release of somatostatin from secretory granules in the D cells of the pancreas.
90275 negative regulation of somatostatin secretion P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, extent of the regulated release of somatostatin from secretory granules in the D cells of the pancreas.
90276 regulation of peptide hormone secretion P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the regulated release of a peptide hormone from secretory granules.
90277 positive regulation of peptide hormone secretion P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the regulated release of a peptide hormone from secretory granules.
90278 negative regulation of peptide hormone secretion P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the regulated release of a peptide hormone from secretory granules.
90279 regulation of calcium ion import P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into a cell or organelle.
90280 positive regulation of calcium ion import P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into a cell or organelle.
90281 negative regulation of calcium ion import P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into a cell or organelle.
90282 positive regulation of transcription involved in G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription of target genes that are transcribed as part of the G2/M transition of the mitotic cell cycle.
90283 regulation of protein glycosylation in Golgi P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid in any compartment of the Golgi apparatus.
90284 positive regulation of protein glycosylation in Golgi P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid in any compartment of the Golgi apparatus.
90285 negative regulation of protein glycosylation in Golgi P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid in any compartment of the Golgi apparatus.
90286 cytoskeletal anchoring at nuclear membrane P The process in which cytoskeletal filaments are directly or indirectly linked to the nuclear membrane.
90287 regulation of cellular response to growth factor stimulus P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth factor stimulus.
90288 negative regulation of cellular response to growth factor stimulus P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth factor stimulus.
90289 regulation of osteoclast proliferation P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of osteoclasts, resulting in the expansion of an osteoclast cell population.
90290 positive regulation of osteoclast proliferation P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of osteoclasts, resulting in the expansion of an osteoclast cell population.
90291 negative regulation of osteoclast proliferation P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of osteoclasts, resulting in the expansion of an osteoclast cell population.
90292 nuclear matrix anchoring at nuclear membrane P The process in which the nuclear matrix, the dense fibrillar network lying on the inner side of the nuclear membrane, is directly or indirectly linked to the nuclear membrane.
90293 nitrogen catabolite regulation of transcription P A transcription regulation process in which the presence of one nitrogen source leads to the modulation of the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other nitrogen sources.
90294 nitrogen catabolite activation of transcription P A transcription regulation process in which the presence of one nitrogen source leads to an increase in the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other nitrogen sources.
90295 nitrogen catabolite repression of transcription P A transcription regulation process in which the presence of one nitrogen source leads to a decrease in the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other nitrogen sources.
90296 regulation of mitochondrial DNA replication P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the process in which new strands of DNA are synthesized in the mitochondrion.
90297 positive regulation of mitochondrial DNA replication P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the process in which new strands of DNA are synthesized in the mitochondrion.
90298 negative regulation of mitochondrial DNA replication P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the process in which new strands of DNA are synthesized in the mitochondrion.
90299 regulation of neural crest formation P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of neural crest formation. Neural crest formation is the formation of the specialized region of ectoderm between the neural ectoderm (neural plate) and non-neural ectoderm. The neural crest gives rise to the neural crest cells that migrate away from this region as neural tube formation proceeds.
90300 positive regulation of neural crest formation P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of neural crest formation. Neural crest formation is the formation of the specialized region of ectoderm between the neural ectoderm (neural plate) and non-neural ectoderm. The neural crest gives rise to the neural crest cells that migrate away from this region as neural tube formation procedes.
90301 negative regulation of neural crest formation P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of neural crest formation. Neural crest formation is the formation of the specialized region of ectoderm between the neural ectoderm (neural plate) and non-neural ectoderm. The neural crest gives rise to the neural crest cells that migrate away from this region as neural tube formation procedes.
90303 positive regulation of wound healing P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury.
90304 nucleic acid metabolic process P Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleic acids.
90305 nucleic acid phosphodiester bond hydrolysis P The nucleic acid metabolic process in which the phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides are cleaved by hydrolysis.
90306 spindle assembly involved in meiosis P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle that contributes to the process of meiosis.
90307 mitotic spindle assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle that contributes to the process of mitosis.
90308 regulation of methylation-dependent chromatin silencing P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the repression of transcription by methylation of DNA, leading to the formation of heterochromatin.
90309 positive regulation of methylation-dependent chromatin silencing P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the repression of transcription by methylation of DNA, leading to the formation of heterochromatin.
90310 negative regulation of methylation-dependent chromatin silencing P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the repression of transcription by methylation of DNA, leading to the formation of heterochromatin.
90311 regulation of protein deacetylation P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of protein deacetylation, the removal of an acetyl group from a protein amino acid. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid.
90312 positive regulation of protein deacetylation P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein deacetylation, the removal of an acetyl group from a protein amino acid. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid.
90313 regulation of protein targeting to membrane P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process of directing proteins towards a membrane, usually using signals contained within the protein.
90314 positive regulation of protein targeting to membrane P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process of directing proteins towards a membrane, usually using signals contained within the protein.
90315 negative regulation of protein targeting to membrane P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the process of directing proteins towards a membrane, usually using signals contained within the protein.
90316 positive regulation of intracellular protein transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins within cells.
90317 negative regulation of intracellular protein transport P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins within cells.
90318 regulation of chylomicron remodeling P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of chylomicron remodeling. Chylomicron remodeling is the acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a chylomicron, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by lipoprotein lipase and the subsequent loss of free fatty acid.
90319 positive regulation of chylomicron remodeling P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of chylomicron remodeling. Chylomicron remodeling is the acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a chylomicron, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by lipoprotein lipase and the subsequent loss of free fatty acid.
90320 regulation of chylomicron remnant clearance P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of chylomicron remnant clearance. Chylomicron clearance is the process in which a chylomicron remnant is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis into liver cells and its constituent parts degraded.
90321 positive regulation of chylomicron remnant clearance P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of chylomicron remnant clearance. Chylomicron clearance is the process in which a chylomicron remnant is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis into liver cells and its constituent parts degraded.
90322 regulation of superoxide metabolic process P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of superoxide metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving superoxide, the superoxide anion O2- (superoxide free radical), or any compound containing this species.
90323 prostaglandin secretion involved in immune response P The regulated release of a prostaglandin that contributes to the immune response. Prostaglandins are a group of biologically active metabolites which contain a cyclopentane ring.
90324 negative regulation of oxidative phosphorylation P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP that accompanies the oxidation of a metabolite through the operation of the respiratory chain. Oxidation of compounds establishes a proton gradient across the membrane, providing the energy for ATP synthesis.
90325 regulation of locomotion involved in locomotory behavior P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement.
90326 positive regulation of locomotion involved in locomotory behavior P Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement.
90327 negative regulation of locomotion involved in locomotory behavior P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of the self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement.
90328 regulation of olfactory learning P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of olfactory learning. Olfactory learning is any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs in response to (repeated) exposure to an olfactory cue.
90329 regulation of DNA-dependent DNA replication P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of DNA-dependent DNA replication, the process in which new strands of DNA are synthesized, using parental DNA as a template for the DNA-dependent DNA polymerases that synthesize the new strands.
90330 regulation of platelet aggregation P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of platelet aggregation. Platelet aggregation is the adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules.
90331 negative regulation of platelet aggregation P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of platelet aggregation. Platelet aggregation is the adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules.
90332 stomatal closure P The process of closing of stomata, pores in the epidermis of leaves and stems bordered by two guard cells and serving in gas exchange.
90333 regulation of stomatal closure P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of stomatal closure. Stomatal closure is the process of closing of stomata, pores in the epidermis of leaves and stems bordered by two guard cells and serving in gas exchange.
90334 regulation of cell wall (1->3)-beta-D-glucan biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
90335 regulation of brown fat cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of brown fat cell differentiation. Brown fat cell differentiation is the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a brown adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in adaptive thermogenesis. Brown adipocytes contain multiple small droplets of triglycerides and a high number of mitochondria.
90336 positive regulation of brown fat cell differentiation P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of brown fat cell differentiation. Brown fat cell differentiation is the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a brown adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in adaptive thermogenesis. Brown adipocytes contain multiple small droplets of triglycerides and a high number of mitochondria.
90337 regulation of formin-nucleated actin cable assembly P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of formin-nucleated actin cable assembly. Formin-nucleated actin cable assembly is the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a formin-nucleated actin cable. A formin-nucleated actin cable is an actin filament bundle that consists of short filaments organized into bundles of uniform polarity, and is nucleated by formins.
90338 positive regulation of formin-nucleated actin cable assembly P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of formin-nucleated actin cable assembly. Formin-nucleated actin cable assembly is the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a formin-nucleated actin cable. A formin-nucleated actin cable is an actin filament bundle that consists of short filaments organized into bundles of uniform polarity, and is nucleated by formins.
90339 negative regulation of formin-nucleated actin cable assembly P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of formin-nucleated actin cable assembly. Formin-nucleated actin cable assembly is the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a formin-nucleated actin cable. A formin-nucleated actin cable is an actin filament bundle that consists of short filaments organized into bundles of uniform polarity, and is nucleated by formins.
90340 positive regulation of secretion of lysosomal enzymes P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of secretion of lysosomal enzymes, the controlled release of lysosomal enzymes by a cell.
90341 negative regulation of secretion of lysosomal enzymes P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of secretion of lysosomal enzymes, the controlled release of lysosomal enzymes by a cell.
90342 regulation of cell aging P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cell aging. Cell aging is the progression of the cell from its inception to the end of its lifespan.
90343 positive regulation of cell aging P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of cell aging. Cell aging is the progression of the cell from its inception to the end of its lifespan.
90344 negative regulation of cell aging P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of cell aging. Cell aging is the progression of the cell from its inception to the end of its lifespan.
90345 cellular organohalogen metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving organohalogen compounds, as carried out by individual cells.
90346 cellular organofluorine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving organofluorine compounds, as carried out by individual cells.
90347 regulation of cellular organohalogen metabolic process P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving organohalogen compounds, as carried out by individual cells.
90348 regulation of cellular organofluorine metabolic process P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving organofluorine compounds, as carried out by individual cells.
90349 negative regulation of cellular organohalogen metabolic process P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving organohalogen compounds, as carried out by individual cells.
90350 negative regulation of cellular organofluorine metabolic process P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving organofluorine compounds, as carried out by individual cells.
90351 seedling development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the seedling over time, beginning with seed germination and ending when the first adult leaves emerge.
90352 regulation of nitrate assimilation P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the uptake, from the environment, of nitrates, inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid and the subsequent reduction of nitrate ion to other, less highly oxidized, inorganic nitrogenous substances.
90353 polygalacturonase inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a polygalacturonase. Polygalacturonases catalyze the random hydrolysis of 1,4-alpha-D-galactosiduronic linkages in pectate and other galacturonans.
90354 regulation of auxin metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving auxins, plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth.
90355 positive regulation of auxin metabolic process P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving auxins, plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth.
90356 negative regulation of auxin metabolic process P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving auxins, plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth.
90357 regulation of tryptophan metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving tryptophan, the chiral amino acid 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid.
90358 positive regulation of tryptophan metabolic process P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving tryptophan, the chiral amino acid 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid.
90359 negative regulation of abscisic acid biosynthetic process P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of abscisic acid.
90360 platelet-derived growth factor production P The appearance of any platelet-derived growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
90361 regulation of platelet-derived growth factor production P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the appearance of any platelet-derived growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
90362 positive regulation of platelet-derived growth factor production P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the appearance of any platelet-derived growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
90363 regulation of proteasome core complex assembly P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a mature, active 20S proteasome core particle complex that does not contain any regulatory particles.
90364 regulation of proteasome assembly P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a mature, active proteasome complex.
90365 regulation of mRNA modification P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within an mRNA molecule to produce an mRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.
90366 positive regulation of mRNA modification P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within an mRNA molecule to produce an mRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.
90367 negative regulation of mRNA modification P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within an mRNA molecule to produce an mRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.
90368 regulation of ornithine metabolic process P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving ornithine, an amino acid only rarely found in proteins, but which is important in living organisms as an intermediate in the reactions of the urea cycle and in arginine biosynthesis.
90369 ornithine carbamoyltransferase inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents, or reduces ornithine carbamoyltransferase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: carbamoyl phosphate + L-ornithine = phosphate + L-citrulline.
90370 negative regulation of cholesterol efflux P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol efflux. Cholesterol efflux is the directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, out of a cell or organelle.
90371 regulation of glycerol transport P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the directed movement of glycerol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
90372 positive regulation of glycerol transport P Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the directed movement of glycerol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
90373 negative regulation of glycerol transport P Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the directed movement of glycerol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
90374 oligopeptide export from mitochondrion P The directed movement of oligopeptides out of mitochondria into the cytosol by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Oligopeptides are molecules that contain a small number (2 to 20) of amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages.
90375 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to iron ion starvation P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of deprivation of iron ions.
90376 seed trichome differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized epidermal cell acquires the specialized features of a seed trichome. A seed trichome is a trichome that develops from seed coat epidermis and is often long with putative dispersal function.
90377 seed trichome initiation P The process in which the developmental fate of an epidermal cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a seed trichome, causing a change in the orientation of cell division in the ovule epidermis at or just before anthesis.
90378 seed trichome elongation P The process in which a seed trichome irreversibly increases in size in one [spatial] dimension or along one axis, resulting in the morphogenesis of the cell.
90379 secondary cell wall biogenesis involved in seed trichome differentiation P A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of inextensible cellulose- and pectin-containing cell walls that are formed between the plasma membrane and primary cell wall of seed trichomes after cell expansion is complete.
90380 seed trichome maturation P A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a seed trichome to attain its fully functional state.
90381 regulation of heart induction P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of heart induction. Heart induction is the close range interaction between mesoderm and endoderm or ectoderm that causes cells to change their fates and specify the development of the heart.
90382 phagosome maturation P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the arrangement of constituent parts of a phagosome within a cell. Phagosome maturation begins with endocytosis and formation of the early phagosome and ends with the formation of the hybrid organelle, the phagolysosome.
90383 phagosome acidification P Any process that reduces the pH of the phagosome, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.
90384 phagosome-lysosome docking P The initial attachment of a phagosome membrane to a lysosome membrane. Docking requires only that the proteins come close enough to interact and adhere.
90385 phagosome-lysosome fusion P The creation of a phagolysosome from a phagosome and a lysosome.
90386 phagosome maturation involved in apoptotic cell clearance P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the arrangement of constituent parts of a phagosome within a cell and contributes to apoptotic cell clearance. Phagosome maturation begins with endocytosis and formation of the early phagosome and ends with the formation of the hybrid organelle, the phagolysosome.
90387 phagolysosome assembly involved in apoptotic cell clearance P The process in which a phagosome, a vesicle formed by phagocytosis, fuses with a lysosome as a part of apoptotic cell clearance.
90388 phagosome-lysosome docking involved in apoptotic cell clearance P The initial attachment of a phagosome membrane to a lysosome membrane that occurs as a part of apoptotic cell clearance. Docking requires only that the proteins come close enough to interact and adhere.
90389 phagosome-lysosome fusion involved in apoptotic cell clearance P The creation of a phagolysosome from a phagosome and a lysosome as a part of apoptotic cell clearance.
90390 phagosome acidification involved in apoptotic cell clearance P Any process that reduces the pH of the phagosome, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion, and occurs as a part of apoptotic cell clearance.
90391 granum assembly P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly of a granum. A granum is a distinct stack of lamellae seen within chloroplasts.
90392 sepal giant cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a sepal giant cell. A sepal giant cell is a pavement cell that is part of the sepal epidermis and stretches one fifth the length of the sepal with a chromosome content of 16C.
90393 sepal giant cell development P The process aimed at the progression of a sepal giant cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
90394 negative regulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential P Any process that prevents the establishment or decreases the extent of the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) which is a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an EPSP is an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and makes it easier for the neuron to fire an action potential.
90395 plant cell papilla C A cell projection that is a short, rounded projection from a plant epidermal cell.
90396 leaf papilla C A plant cell papilla that is part of a leaf papilla cell.
90397 stigma papilla C A plant cell papilla that is part of a stigma papilla cell.
90398 cellular senescence P A cell aging process stimulated in response to cellular stress, whereby normal cells lose the ability to divide through irreversible cell cycle arrest.
90399 replicative senescence P A cell aging process associated with the dismantling of a cell as a response to telomere shortening and/or cellular aging.
90400 stress-induced premature senescence P A cellular senescence process associated with the dismantling of a cell as a response to environmental factors such as hydrogen peroxide or X-rays.
90401 viral-induced premature senescence P A cellular senescence process associated with the dismantling of a cell as a response to viral infection.
90402 oncogene-induced cell senescence P A cellular senescence process associated with the dismantling of a cell as a response to oncogenic stress, such as the activation of the Ras oncogenic family.
90403 oxidative stress-induced premature senescence P A cellular senescence process associated with the dismantling of a cell as a response to oxidative stress, e.g. high levels of reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals.
90404 pollen tube tip C The region at growing end of the pollen tube cell, where polarized growth occurs.
90405 unicellular trichome branch C A cell projection part that is a branch of a unicellular trichome.
90406 pollen tube C A tubular cell projection that is part of a pollen tube cell and extends from a pollen grain.
90407 organophosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the biosynthesis of deoxyribose phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 2-deoxy-erythro-pentose.
90408 phloem nitrate loading P The process of loading nitrate into the sieve tube or companion cell of the phloem for long distance transport from source to sink.
90409 malonyl-CoA synthetase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: malonate + ATP + coenzyme A = malonyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate.
90410 malonate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of malonate, the propanedioate ion.
90411 brassinosteroid binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a brassinosteroid.
90414 molybdate ion export from vacuole P The directed movement of molybdate ions out of the vacuole.
90415 7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a + 2 reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+ chlorophyll a + 2 oxidized ferredoxin + H2O.
90416 nicotinate transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of nicotinate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
90417 N-methylnicotinate transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of N-methylnicotinate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
90419 negative regulation of transcription involved in G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle P Any process that inhibits or decreases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription of target genes that are transcribed as part of the G2/M transition of the mitotic cell cycle.
90420 naphthalene-containing compound metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving naphthalene-containing compounds.
90421 embryonic meristem initiation P Initiation of a region of tissue in a plant embryo that is composed of one or more undifferentiated cells capable of undergoing mitosis and differentiation.
90422 thiamine pyrophosphate transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of thiamine pyrophosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
90423 phytochelatin-metal complex formation P A phytochelatin metabolic process in which a metal is incorporated with phytochelatin to form a complex.
90424 phytochelatin-metal-sulfur complex formation P A phytochelatin metabolic process in which a metal and exogenous sulfur are incorporated with phytochelatin to form a complex.
90425 acinar cell differentiation P The epithelial cell differentiation process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an acinar cell, a secretory cell that is grouped together with other cells of the same type to form grape-shaped clusters known as acini.
90426 actin filament bundle convergence P A process of actin filament bundle distribution that results in the compaction of actin filaments.
90427 activation of meiosis P Any process that starts the inactive process of meiosis.
90428 perianth development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the perianth over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The perianth is a collective phyllome structure composed of two or more petals, sepals, or tepals.
90429 detection of endogenous biotic stimulus P The series of events in which an endogenous biotic stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
90430 caffeoyl-CoA: alcohol caffeoyl transferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: caffeoyl-CoA + a saturated primary alcohol = an alkyl caffeate + CoA.
90431 alkyl caffeate ester biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ester derivatives of alkyl caffeate.
90432 myristoyl-CoA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + myristic acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + myristoyl-CoA.
90433 palmitoyl-CoA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + palmitic acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + palmitoyl-CoA.
90434 oleoyl-CoA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + oleic acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + oleoyl-CoA.
90435 protein localization to nuclear envelope P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location within a nuclear envelope.
90436 leaf pavement cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an leaf pavement cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a leaf pavement cell fate.
90437 socket cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a socket cell, a shoot epidermal cell that surrounds a trichome and provides its support.
90438 camelliol C synthase activity F Catalyzes the reaction: (3S)-2,3-epoxy-2,3-dihydrosqualene = camelliol C.
90439 tetraketide alpha-pyrone synthase activity F Catalyzes the reaction: a hydroxyacyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA + 2 H+ = a hydroxylated tetraketide alpha-pyrone + 3 CO2 + 4 coenzyme A.
90440 abscisic acid transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of abscisic acid into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
90441 trehalose biosynthesis in response to heat stress P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of trehalose that occur as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism.
90442 trehalose catabolism in response to heat stress P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the degradation of trehalose that occur as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism.
90443 FAR/SIN/STRIPAK complex C A conserved protein phosphatase type 2A complex which contains a protein phosphatase type 2A, a protein phosphatase regulatory subunit, a striatin, an FHA domain protein and other subunits (at least six proteins). In fission yeast this complex negatively regulate the septation initiation network at the spindle pole body.
90444 regulation of nematode larval development, heterochronic P Any process that modulates the consistent predetermined time point at which a nematode larva progresses from an initial condition to a later condition and the rate at which this time point is reached.
90445 positive regulation of nematode larval development, heterochronic P Any process that modulates the consistent predetermined time point at which a nematode larva progresses from an initial condition to a later condition and increases the rate at which this time point is reached.
90446 negative regulation of nematode larval development, heterochronic P Any process that modulates the consistent predetermined time point at which a nematode larva progresses from an initial condition to a later condition and decreases the rate at which this time point is reached.
90447 glycerol-3-phosphate 2-O-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an acyl-CoA + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = CoA + a 2-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate.
90448 glucosinolate:proton symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucosinolate(out) + H+(out) = glucosinolate(in) + H+(in).
90449 phloem glucosinolate loading P The process of loading glucosinolates into the sieve tube or companion cell of the phloem for long distance transport from source to sink.
90451 cotyledon boundary formation P The process in which boundaries between a cotyledon and the surrounding tissue are established and maintained.
90452 lithium ion import P The directed movement of lithium ions into a cell or organelle.
90453 aspartate transmembrane import into vacuole P The directed movement of aspartate into the vacuole across the vacuolar membrane.
90454 glutamate transmembrane import into vacuole P The directed movement of glutamate into the vacuole across the vacuolar membrane.
90455 ornithine transmembrane import into vacuole P The directed movement of ornithine into the vacuole across the vacuolar membrane.
90456 lysine transmembrane import into vacuole P The directed movement of lysine into the vacuole across the vacuolar membrane.
90457 histidine transmembrane import into vacuole P The directed movement of histidine into the vacuole across the vacuolar membrane.
90458 arginine transmembrane import into vacuole P The directed movement of arginine into the vacuole across the vacuolar membrane.
90459 aspartate homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of aspartate within an organism or cell.
90460 threonine homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of threonine within an organism or cell.
90461 glutamate homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of glutamate within an organism or cell.
90462 ornithine homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of ornithine within an organism or cell.
90463 lysine homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of lysine within an organism or cell.
90464 histidine homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of histidine within an organism or cell.
90465 arginine homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of arginine within an organism or cell.
90466 histidine import P The directed movement of histidine into a cell or organelle.
90467 arginine import P The directed movement of arginine into a cell or organelle.
90468 valine import P The directed movement of valine into a cell or organelle.
90469 asparagine import P The directed movement of asparagine into a cell or organelle.
90470 shoot organ boundary specification P The process in which the basal boundary between the stem and both vegetative and reproductive organs are established and maintained.
90471 9,15,9'-tri-cis-zeta-carotene isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 9,15,9'-tricis-zeta-carotene = 9,9'-dicis-zeta-carotene.
90472 dibasic protein processing P Any protein processing achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond after two basic amino acids within a protein.
90473 lys-arg specific dibasic protein processing P Any protein processing achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond after a lysine-arginine amino acid residue combination within a protein.
90474 arg-arg specific dibasic protein processing P Any protein processing achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond after two consecutive arginine amino acid residues within a protein.
90475 lys-lys specific dibasic protein processing P Any protein processing achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond after two consecutive lysine amino acid residues within a protein.
90476 isoleucine import P The directed movement of isoleucine into a cell or organelle.
90477 L-isoleucine import P The directed movement of L-isoleucine, the L-enantiomer of isoleucine, into a cell or organelle.
90478 serine import P The directed movement of serine into a cell or organelle.
90479 L-serine import P The directed movement of L-serine, the L-enantiomer of serine, into a cell or organelle.
90480 purine nucleotide-sugar transmembrane transport P The directed movement of a purine nucleotide-sugar across a membrane. Purine nucleotide-sugars are purine nucleotides in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.
90481 pyrimidine nucleotide-sugar transmembrane transport P The directed movement of pyrimidine nucleotide-sugars across a membrane. Pyrimidine nucleotide-sugars are pyrimidine nucleotides in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.
90482 vitamin transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of a vitamin from one side of a membrane to the other.
90483 phosphatidylglycerol-phosphatidylethanolamine phosphatidyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylglycerol + phosphatidylethanolamine = cardiolipin + ethanolamine.
90484 drug transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of a drug into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. A drug is any naturally occurring or synthetic substance, other than a nutrient, that, when administered or applied to an organism, affects the structure or functioning of the organism; in particular, any such substance used in the diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of disease.
90485 chromosome number maintenance P The maintenance of the standard number of chromosomes in a cell.
90486 small RNA 2'-O-methyltransferase F Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the oxygen atom of a nucleoside residue in a small RNA molecule. Reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + small RNA <=> S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + small RNA containing a 3'-terminal 2'-O-methylnucleotide.
90487 secondary metabolite catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of secondary metabolites, the compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon.
90488 polo box domain specific binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a polo box domain of a protein. The polo box domain is involved in binding substrates of polo kinases.
90489 L-tryptophan,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (N-hydroxylating, decarboxylating) F Catalyzes the multi-step reaction: L-Tryptophan + 2 Oxygen + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ = Indole-3-acetaldehyde oxime + 3 H2O + 2 NADP+ + CO2. The individual reactions are: (1a) L-tryptophan + O2 + NADPH + H+ = N-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + NADP+ + H2O,(1b) N-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + O2 + NADPH + H+ = N,N-dihydroxy-L-tryptophan + NADP+ + H2O, and (1c) N,N-dihydroxy-L-tryptophan = (E)-indol-3-ylacetaldoxime + CO2 + H2O.
90490 L-tryptophan,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (N-hydroxylating) F Catalyzes the reaction: L-Tryptophan + Oxygen + NADPH + H+ = N-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan + NADP+ + H2O.
90491 N-hydroxy-L-tryptophan,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (N-hydroxylating) F Catalyzes the reaction: N-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan + Oxygen + NADPH + H+ = N,N-Dihydroxy-L-tryptophan + NADP+ + H2O.
90492 N,N-Dihydroxy-L-tryptophan decarboxylase activity F Catalyzes the reaction: N,N-Dihydroxy-L-tryptophan = Indole-3-acetaldehyde oxime + CO2 + H2O.
90493 catecholamine uptake P The directed movement of catecholamine into a cell.
90494 dopamine uptake P The directed movement of dopamine into a cell.
90495 low-density lipoprotein particle disassembly P The disaggregation of a low-density lipoprotein particle into its constituent components.
90496 mesenchyme migration involved in limb bud formation P The migration of mesenchymal tissue that contributes to the formation of a limb bud.
90497 mesenchymal cell migration P The orderly movement of a mesenchymal cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism.
90498 extrinsic component of Golgi membrane C The component of a Golgi membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
90499 pimelyl-[acyl-carrier protein] methyl ester esterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: pimelyl-[acyl-carrier protein] methyl ester + H2O = pimelyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + methanol.
90500 endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition P A transition where an endocardial cushion cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.
90501 RNA phosphodiester bond hydrolysis P The RNA metabolic process in which the phosphodiester bonds between ribonucleotides are cleaved by hydrolysis.
90502 RNA phosphodiester bond hydrolysis, endonucleolytic P The chemical reactions and pathways involving the hydrolysis of internal 3',5'-phosphodiester bonds in one or two strands of ribonucleotides.
90503 RNA phosphodiester bond hydrolysis, exonucleolytic P The chemical reactions and pathways involving the hydrolysis of terminal 3',5'-phosphodiester bonds in one or two strands of ribonucleotides.
90504 epiboly P The expansion of one cell sheet over other cells or yolk.
90505 epiboly involved in wound healing P The expansion of one cell sheet over other cells involved in wound healing.
90506 axillary shoot meristem initiation P A developmental process that results in the initiation of an axillary shoot meristem. An axillary shoot meristem is a shoot meristem formed in the axil of a leaf.
90507 phenylethylamine metabolic process involved in synaptic transmission P The chemical reactions and pathways involving phenylethylamine that contribute to synaptic transmission.
90508 phenylethylamine biosynthetic process involved in synaptic transmission P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phenylethylamine that contribute to synaptic transmission.
90509 nickel cation import into cell P The directed movement of nickel cations from outside of a cell into the intracellular region of a cell..
90510 anticlinal cell division P A cell division process where the division plane is perpendicular to the surface of the organ. It adds cells to the existing cell layer or cell file.
90511 periclinal cell division P A cell division process where the division plane is parallel to the surface of the organ. It creates a new cell layer or cell file.
90512 eisosome membrane domain/MCC C A plasma membrane part that is composed of a furrow-like plasma membrane domain and associated integral transmembrane proteins.
90513 L-histidine transmembrane import into vacuole P The directed movement of L-histidine into the vacuole across the vacuolar membrane.
90514 L-tyrosine transmembrane import into vacuole P The directed movement of L-tyrosine into the vacuole across the vacuolar membrane.
90515 L-glutamate transmembrane import into vacuole P The directed movement of L-glutamate into the vacuole across the vacuolar membrane.
90516 L-serine transmembrane import into vacuole P The directed movement of L-serine into the vacuole across the vacuolar membrane.
90517 L-lysine transmembrane import into vacuole P The directed movement of L-lysine into the vacuole across the vacuolar membrane.
90518 L-arginine transmembrane import into vacuole P The directed movement of L-arginine into the vacuole across the vacuolar membrane.
90519 anoxia protection P Any process in which an organism or cell protects itself from anoxia, which may also result in resistance to repeated exposure to anoxia.
90520 sphingolipid mediated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals mediated by a sphingolipid.
90521 glomerular visceral epithelial cell migration P The orderly movement of a podocyte from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism or multicellular structure. A podocyte is a specialized kidney epithelial cell.
90522 vesicle tethering involved in exocytosis P The initial long-distance interaction between secretory vesicles and exocytotic sites on target membranes resulting in the capture and stabilization of vesicles prior to SNARE-mediated docking and fusion.
90523 cytochrome-b5 reductase activity, acting on NADPH F Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + 2 ferricytochrome b(5) = NADP+ + 2 ferrocytochrome b(5).
90524 cytochrome-b5 reductase activity, acting on NADH F Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + H+ + 2 ferricytochrome b(5) = NAD+ + 2 ferrocytochrome b(5).
90525 regulation of glycolysis involved in cellular glucose homeostasis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis as an integral part of cellular glucose homeostasis.
90526 regulation of gluconeogenesis involved in cellular glucose homeostasis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis as an integral part of cellular glucose homeostasis.
90527 actin filament reorganization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in dynamic structural changes to the arrangement of actin filaments.
90528 smooth septate junction assembly P The assembly of a smooth septate junction, a septate junction that lacks the regular arrays of electron-dense septae found in pleated septate junctions.
90529 cell septum assembly P The assembly and arrangement of a cellular component that is composed of peptidoglycan and often chitin in addition to other materials and usually forms perpendicular to the long axis of a cell or hypha. It grows centripetally from the cell wall to the center of the cell and often functions in the compartmentalization of a cell into two daughter cells.
90531 L-ascorbic acid biosynthetic process via GDP-alpha-D-mannose P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-ascorbic acid via the intermediate GDP-alpha-D-mannose.
90532 L-ascorbic acid biosynthetic process via UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-ascorbic acid via the intermediate UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate.
90533 cation-transporting ATPase complex C Protein complex that carries out the reaction: ATP + H2O + cation(out) = ADP + phosphate + cation(in).
90534 calcium ion-transporting ATPase complex C Protein complex that carries out the reaction: ATP + H2O + Ca2+(out) = ADP + phosphate + Ca2+(in).
90535 WICH complex C An ISWI complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the ISWI family (specifically SNF2H in mammals, which contain two ISWI homologs) and WSTF (Williams Syndrome Transcription Factor). WICH plays roles in regulation of RNAP I and III transcription and in DNA replication and repair.
90536 NoRC complex C An ISWI complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the ISWI family (specifically SNF2H in mammals, which contain two ISWI homologs) and a Tip5 homolog. In mammals, NoRC is involved in regulation of transcription from RNAP I and RNA polymerase III promoters.
90537 CERF complex C An ISWI complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the ISWI family (specifically SNF2L in mammals, which contain two ISWI homologs) and a CECR2 homolog. In mammals, CERF is involved in regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoters.
90538 peptide pheromone secretion P The regulated release of a peptide pheromone from a cell.
90539 peptide pheromone export by transmembrane transport P The directed movement of a peptide pheromone across a membrane and out of a cell.
90540 bacterial cellulose biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation, as it occurs in certain types of bacteria, mainly Acetobacter, Sarcina ventriculi and Agrobacteria.
90541 MIT domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the MIT domain of a protein. The MIT domain is found in vacuolar sorting proteins, spastin (probable ATPase involved in the assembly or function of nuclear protein complexes), and a sorting nexin, which may play a role in intracellular trafficking.
90542 ELYC domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the ELYC domain of a protein. The ELYC domain is an approximately 150 amino acid sequence which contains a highly conserved tetrapeptide sequence, ELYC.
90543 Flemming body C A cell part that is the central region of the midbody characterized by a gap in alpha-tubulin staining. It is a dense structure of antiparallel microtubules from the central spindle in the middle of the intercellular bridge.
90544 BAF-type complex C A SWI/SNF-type complex that contains a subunit from the BAF (Brahma-Associated Factor) family.
90545 CHD-type complex C A SWI/SNF-type complex that contains a subunit from the CHD(Chromodomain helicase DNA-binding) family. The CHD family is characterized by two signature sequence motifs: tandem chromodomains located in the N-terminal region, and the SNF2-like ATPase domain located in the central region of the protein structure.
90546 chlorophyll fluorescence P The process by which excess light energy absorbed by chlorophyll and not used to drive photosynthesis is re-emitted as light.
90547 response to low humidity P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of low humidity stimulus, reduced moisture in the atmosphere.
90548 response to nitrate starvation P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of nitrate.
90549 response to carbon starvation P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of a carbon source.
90550 response to molybdenum starvation P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of molybdenum.
90551 response to manganese starvation P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of manganese.
90552 unicellular trichome apex C A cell projection part that is the apical most portion of a unicellular trichome.
90553 unicellular trichome tip C A cell projection part that is the apical most portion of a unicellular trichome apex.
90554 phosphatidylcholine-translocating ATPase activity F Catalysis of the movement of phosphatidylcholine from one membrane bilayer leaflet to the other, driven by the hydrolysis of ATP.
90555 phosphatidylethanolamine-translocating ATPase activity F Catalysis of the movement of phosphatidylethanolamine from one membrane bilayer leaflet to the other, driven by the hydrolysis of ATP.
90556 phosphatidylserine-translocating ATPase activity F Catalysis of the movement of phosphatidylserine from one membrane bilayer leaflet to the other, driven by the hydrolysis of ATP.
90557 establishment of endothelial intestinal barrier P The establishment of a barrier between endothelial cell layers of the intestine to exert specific and selective control over the passage of water and solutes, thus allowing formation and maintenance of compartments that differ in fluid and solute composition.
90558 plant epidermis development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the plant epidermis over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
90559 regulation of membrane permeability P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by a membrane.
90560 2-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)histidine synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction S-adenosyl-L-methionine + L-histidine-[translation elongation factor 2] = S-methyl-5-thioadenosine + 2-[(3S)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl]-L-histidine-[translation elongation factor 2].
90561 nuclear migration during mitotic telophase P The dynein-driven microtubule based nuclear migration, whereby daughter nuclei are positioned away from the cell division site prior to cytokinesis.
90562 protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-N,N'-diacetylchitobiose phosphotransferase system transporter activity F Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + N,N'-diacetylchitobiose(out) = protein histidine + N,N'-diacetylchitobiose phosphate(in).
90563 protein-phosphocysteine-sugar phosphotransferase activity F Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + sugar(out) = protein cysteine + sugar phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.
90564 protein-phosphocysteine-glucose phosphotransferase system transporter activity F Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + glucose(out) = protein cysteine + glucose phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.
90565 protein-phosphocysteine-mannitol phosphotransferase system transporter activity F Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + mannitol(out) = protein cysteine + mannitol phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.
90566 protein-phosphocysteine-N,N'-diacetylchitobiose phosphotransferase system transporter activity F Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + N,N'-diacetylchitobiose(out) = protein cysteine + N,N'-diacetylchitobiose phosphate(in).
90567 reproductive shoot system development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a reproductive shoot system over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
90568 nuclear transcriptional repressor complex C A protein complex, located in the nucleus, that possesses activity that prevents or downregulates transcription.
90569 cytoplasmic transcriptional repressor complex C A protein complex, located in the cytoplasm, that possesses activity that prevents or downregulates transcription.
90570 RNA polymerase I transcription repressor complex C A protein complex, located in the nucleus, that possesses activity that prevents or downregulates transcription from a RNA polymerase I promoter.
90571 RNA polymerase II transcription repressor complex C A protein complex, located in the nucleus, that possesses activity that prevents or downregulates transcription from a RNA polymerase II promoter.
90572 RNA polymerase III transcription repressor complex C A protein complex, located in the nucleus, that possesses activity that prevents or downregulates transcription from a RNA polymerase III promoter.
90573 RNA polymerase IV transcription repressor complex C A protein complex, located in the nucleus, that possesses activity that prevents or downregulates transcription from a RNA polymerase IV promoter.
90574 RNA polymerase V transcription repressor complex C A protein complex, located in the nucleus, that possesses activity that prevents or downregulates transcription from a RNA polymerase V promoter.
90575 RNA polymerase II transcription factor complex C A transcription factor complex that acts at promoters of genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II.
90576 RNA polymerase III transcription factor complex C A transcription factor complex that acts at promoters of genes transcribed by RNA polymerase III.
90577 RNA polymerase IV transcription factor complex C A transcription factor complex that acts at promoters of genes transcribed by RNA polymerase IV.
90578 RNA polymerase V transcription factor complex C A transcription factor complex that acts at promoters of genes transcribed by RNA polymerase V.
90579 dsDNA loop formation P The formation and maintenance of DNA loops that juxtapose separated regions on the same dsDNA molecule.
90580 phosphodiesterase activity, acting on 3'-phosphoglycolate-terminated DNA strands F Catalysis of the hydrolytic removal of phosphoglycolate from the 3'-terminus of a 3'-phosphoglycolate-terminated oligonucleotides.
90581 protein-phosphocysteine-mannosylglycerate-phosphotransferase system transporter activity F Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + mannosylglycerate(out) = protein cysteine + mannosylglycerate phosphate(in).
90582 protein-phosphocysteine-D-fructose-phosphotransferase system transporter activity F Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + D-fructose(out) = protein cysteine + D-fructose-1-phosphate(in).
90583 protein-phosphocysteine-D-sorbitol-phosphotransferase system transporter activity F Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + D-sorbitol(out) = protein cysteine + D-sorbitol-1-phosphate(in).
90584 protein-phosphocysteine-galactitol-phosphotransferase system transporter activity F Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + galactitol(out) = protein cysteine + galactitol-6-phosphate(in).
90585 protein-phosphocysteine-L-ascorbate-phosphotransferase system transporter activity F Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + L-ascorbate(out) = protein cysteine + L-ascorbate-6-phosphate(in).
90586 protein-phosphocysteine-N-acetylglucosamine phosphotransferase system transporter activity F : Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + N-acetylglucosamine (out) = protein cysteine + N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate (in).
90587 protein-phosphocysteine-glucosamine phosphotransferase system transporter activity F Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + glucosamine (out) = protein cysteine + glucosamine-6-phosphate (in).
90588 protein-phosphocysteine-N-acetylmuramate phosphotransferase system transporter activity F Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + N-acetylmuramate (out) = protein cysteine + N-acetylmuramate-6-phosphate (in).
90589 protein-phosphocysteine-trehalose phosphotransferase system transporter activity F Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + trehalose (out) = protein cysteine + trehalose-6-phosphate (in).
90590 protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-D-glucosamine phosphotransferase system transporter activity F Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + D-glucosamine(out) = protein histidine + glucosamine-6-phosphate(in).
90591 protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-N-acetyl-mannosamine phosphotransferase system transporter activity F Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + N-acetyl-mannosamine(out) = protein histidine +N-acetyl- mannosamine-6-phosphate(in).
90592 DNA synthesis involved in DNA replication P Synthesis of DNA that is a part of the process of duplicating one or more molecules of DNA.
90593 peptidyl-histidine autophosphorylation P The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own histidine residues, or a histidine residue on an identical protein.
90594 inflammatory response to wounding P The immediate defensive reaction by vertebrate tissue to injury caused by chemical or physical agents.
90595 acetyl-CoA:L-lysine N6-acetyltransferase F Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + acetyl-CoA = N6-acetyl-L-lysine + CoA + H(+).
90596 sensory organ morphogenesis P Morphogenesis of a sensory organ. A sensory organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to receive and transmit signals from external or internal stimuli. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.
90597 nematode male tail mating organ morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the nematode male tail mating organ are generated and organized. The male tail is a sensory organ required for mating and, in C. elegans, consists of ray sensilla, an acellular cuticular fan, a sensory hook, and protracting, copulatory spicules.
90598 male anatomical structure morphogenesis P The processes by which anatomical structures that are only present in the male organism are generated and organized.
90599 alpha-glucosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-linked alpha-D-glucose residue with release of alpha-D-glucose.
90600 alpha-1,3-glucosidase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-(1->3)-linked alpha-D-glucose residues with release of alpha-D-glucose.
90601 enucleation P The process in which nucleated precursor cells lose their nucleus.
90602 sieve element enucleation P The process in which nucleated precursor cells lose their nucleus as part of sieve element differentiation. The nuclear contents are released and degraded in the cytoplasm at the same time as other organelles are rearranged and the cytosol is degraded.
90603 sieve element differentiation P The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a sieve element.
90604 surface biofilm formation P A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms grow at the surface of a liquid-air interface and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription.
90605 submerged biofilm formation P A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms aggregate and grow on solid substrates under the flow of a liquid and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription.
90606 single-species surface biofilm formation P A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms of the same species grow at the surface of a liquid-air interface and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription.
90607 multi-species surface biofilm formation P A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms of different species grow at the surface of a liquid-air interface and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription.
90608 multi-species submerged biofilm formation P A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms of different species aggregate and grow on solid substrates under the flow of a liquid and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription.
90609 single-species submerged biofilm formation P A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms of the same species aggregate and grow on solid substrates under the flow of a liquid and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription.
90610 bundle sheath cell fate specification P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a bundle sheath cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
90611 ubiquitin-independent protein catabolic process via the multivesicular body sorting pathway P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide, via the multivesicular body (MVB) sorting pathway; proteins are sorted into MVBs, and delivered to a lysosome/vacuole for degradation. This process is independent of ubiquitination.
90612 cAMP deaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cyclic adenosine monophosphate + H2O = cyclic inosine monophosphate + NH3.
90613 5'-deoxyadenosine deaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5'deoxyadenosine + H2O = 5'deoxyinosine + NH3.
90614 5'-methylthioadenosine deaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5'methyl thioadenosine + H2O = 5'methyl thioinosine + NH3.
90615 mitochondrial mRNA processing P Steps involved in processing precursor RNAs arising from transcription of operons in the mitochondrial genome into mature mRNAs.
90616 mitochondrial mRNA 3'-end processing P Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an mRNA molecule that derives from the mitochondrial genome.
90617 mitochondrial mRNA 5'-end processing P Any process involved in forming the mature 5' end of an mRNA molecule that derives from the mitochondrial genome.
90618 DNA clamp unloading P The process of removing the PCNA complex from DNA when Okazaki fragments are completed or the replication fork terminates.
90619 meiotic spindle pole C Either of the ends of a meiotic spindle, a spindle that forms as part of meiosis, where spindle microtubules are organized; usually contains a microtubule organizing center and accessory molecules, spindle microtubules and astral microtubules.
90624 endoribonuclease activity, cleaving miRNA-paired mRNA F Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of the mRNA in a double-stranded RNA molecule formed by the base pairing of an mRNA with an miRNA.
90625 mRNA cleavage involved in gene silencing by siRNA P The process in which small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) direct the cleavage of target mRNAs. Once incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), a siRNA will typically direct cleavage by base pairing with perfect or near-perfect complementarity to the target mRNA.
90626 plant epidermis morphogenesis P The process in which the anatomical structures of the plant epidermis are generated and organized.
90627 plant epidermal cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a plant epidermal cell.
90628 plant epidermal cell fate specification P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a plant epidermal cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
90629 lagging strand initiation P The process in which the synthesis of DNA from a template strand in a net 3' to 5' direction is started.
90630 activation of GTPase activity P Any process that initiates the activity of an inactive GTPase through the replacement of GDP by GTP.
90631 pre-miRNA transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of pre-miRNAs between the nucleus and the cytoplasm of a cell.
90632 N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) cytidylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + Neu5Gc = diphosphate + CMP-Neu5Gc.
90633 keto-deoxynonulosonic acid (KDN) cytidylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + KDN = diphosphate + CMP-KDN.
90634 microglial cell mediated cytotoxicity P The directed killing of a target cell by a microglial cell.
90635 extracellular core region of desmosome C The desmosomal part containing the desmosomal cadherins, desmogleins and desmocollins, that establish contact and adhere to neighboring cells in a Ca2+-dependent manner.
90636 outer dense plaque of desmosome C The desmosomal part containing plakoglobins, plakophilins, the N-termini of desmoplakins, as well as the cytoplasmic tails of the desmosomal cadherins, which together attach the plaque to the plasma membrane.
90637 inner dense plaque of desmosome C The desmosomal part containing the C-termini of desmoplakins which interact with the keratin intermediate filaments, serving to tether the intermediate filaments to the plasma membrane.
90638 phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis from phosphatidylethanolamine P The phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process that depends on direct conversion of the phosphatidyl-base phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine by successive methylations.
90639 phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis from choline and CDP-diacylglycerol P The phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process that involves a one-step direct condensation of choline with CDP-diacylglycerol to form phosphatidylcholine.
90640 phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis from sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine P The phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process that involves the two-step acylation of sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine to a phosphatidylcholine.
90641 microsporidian-type endospore C The middle layer in a microsporidian spore wall that lies under the exospore and outside the plasma membrane, containing chitin and proteins.
90642 microsporidian-type exospore C The dense, protein rich outermost layer of a microsporidian spore wall that lies above the endospore.
90643 inflorescence phyllotactic patterning P The radial pattern formation process that results in the formation of flowers around a central axis in an inflorescence meristem.
90644 age-related resistance P An innate immune response that is positively correlated with host plant development. As a plant develops, its innate resistance to pathogenic infections increases. The mechanisms involved in age-related resistance differ in nature or in aspects of regulation from the hypersensitive response (HR), systemic acquired resistance (SAR), or induced systemic resistance (ISR).
90646 mitochondrial tRNA processing P The process in which a pre-tRNA molecule is converted to a mature tRNA, ready for addition of an aminoacyl group, in the mitochondrion.
90647 modulation of age-related behavioral decline P Any process that modulates the processes that arise as an organism progresses toward the end of its lifespan that results in a decline in behavioral activities such as locomotory behavior, and learning or memory.
90648 response to environmental enrichment P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the provision of a combination of complex inanimate and social stimulations in the organism's housing environment.
90649 response to oxygen-glucose deprivation P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the deprivation of oxygen and glucose.
90650 cellular response to oxygen-glucose deprivation P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the deprivation of oxygen and glucose.
90651 apical cytoplasm C The region of the cytoplasm located at the apical side of the cell. Used in reference to animal polarized epithelial cells.
90652 basolateral cytoplasm C The region of the cytoplasm located at the basolateral side of the cell. Used in reference to animal polarized epithelial cells.
90653 apical recycling endosome C Tubulo-vesicular structure located in the apical cytoplasm that participates in apical cargo recycling in polarized epithelial cells.
90654 basolateral recycling endosome C Tubulo-vesicular structure located in the basolateral cytoplasm that participates in basolateral cargo recycling in polarized epithelial cells.
90655 double-stranded/single-stranded junction telomeric DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the junction formed at the point where double-stranded telomeric DNA becomes a single-stranded G-rich telomeric DNA 3' overhang.
90656 t-circle formation P A telomere maintenance process that results in the formation of a telomeric circle, or t-circle. A t-circle is an extrachromosomal duplex or single-stranded circular DNA molecule composed of t-arrays. T-circles are involved in the control of telomere length via alternative-lengthening of telomeres (ALT) pathway and telomere rapid deletion (TRD).
90657 telomeric loop disassembly P The telomere maintenance process in which telomeric loops are disassembled to permit efficient telomere replication.
90658 cone matrix sheath C A biochemically and structurally distinct domain of the retinal interphotoreceptor matrix that is specifically associated with cone photoreceptor cell inner and outer segments.
90659 walking behavior P The behavior of an organism relating to the progression of that organism along the ground by the process of lifting and setting down each leg.
90660 cerebrospinal fluid circulation P The neurological system process driven by motile cilia on ependymal cells of the brain by which cerebrospinal fluid circulates from the sites of secretion to the sites of absorption. In ventricular cavities, the flow is unidirectional and rostrocaudal, in subarachnoid spaces, the flow is multi-directional.
90661 box H/ACA telomerase RNP complex C A box H/ACA ribonucleoprotein complex that contains the RNA component of vertebrate telomerase, the enzyme essential for the replication of chromosome termini in most eukaryotes. This ribonucleoprotein complex is a structural box H/ACA RNP, which does not have the catalytic pseudouridylation function shared by the majority of H/ACA RNPs present in the cell.
90662 ATP hydrolysis coupled transmembrane transport P The transport of molecules across a membrane and against an electrochemical gradient, using energy from ATP hydrolysis.
90663 galanin-activated signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the peptide neurotransmitter galanin binding to a cell surface receptor.
90664 response to high population density P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or a multicellular organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a higher than normal number of multicellular organisms living per unit area.
90665 glycoprotein complex C A protein complex containing at least one glycosylated protein, may be held together by both covalent and noncovalent bonds.
90666 scaRNA localization to Cajal body P A process in which a small Cajal body-specific RNA is transported to, or maintained in, a Cajal body.
90667 cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor P The directed movement of a motile cell in response to the presence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).
90668 endothelial cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor P The directed movement of an endothelial cell in response to the presence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).
90669 telomerase RNA stabilization P Prevention of degradation of telomerase RNA (TERC) molecules.
90670 RNA localization to Cajal body P A process in which an RNA is transported to, or maintained in, a Cajal body.
90671 telomerase RNA localization to Cajal body P A process in which telomerase RNA (TERC) is transported to, or maintained in, a Cajal body.
90672 telomerase RNA localization P Any process in which telomerase RNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
90673 endothelial cell-matrix adhesion P The binding of an endothelial cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules.
90674 endothelial cell-matrix adhesion via fibronectin P The binding of an endothelial cell to the extracellular matrix via fibronectin.
90675 intermicrovillar adhesion P The biological adhesion process by which adjacent microvilli attach to each other through Ca(2+)-dependent adhesion links made of protocadherin-24 and mucin-like protocadherin.
90676 calcium ion transmembrane transport via low voltage-gated calcium channel P A process in which a calcium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of a low voltage-gated calcium channel.
90677 reversible differentiation P A phenotypic switching process where a cell reversibly differentiates and dedifferentiates from one cell type into another.
90678 cell dedifferentiation involved in phenotypic switching P A cell dedifferentiation process that is a part of a reversible switch of a cell from one cell type or form to another, at a frequency above the expected frequency for somatic mutations.
90679 cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching P A cell differentiation process that is a part of a reversible switch of a cell from one cell type or form to another, at a frequency above the expected frequency for somatic mutations.
90680 disruption by virus of host outer membrane P A process by which a virus has a negative effect on the functioning of a host outer membrane.
90681 GPCR taste receptor activity F A G-protein coupled receptor activity that is responsible for the sense of taste.
90682 GPCR bitter taste receptor activity F A G-protein coupled receptor activity that is responsible for the sense of bitter taste.
90683 GPCR sweet taste receptor activity F A G-protein coupled receptor activity that is responsible for the sense of sweet taste.
90684 contact chemoreceptor activity F A non-GPCR transmembrane signaling receptor activity that is responsible for contact chemoreception.
90685 RNA localization to nucleus P A macromolecular localization process in which RNA is transported to and maintained in a location within the nucleus.
90686 glycine betaine-activated nonselective monovalent cation channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a monovalent cation by a channel that opens when glycine betaine has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
90687 activation of meiosis I spindle assembly checkpoint P Any process that starts the inactive process of a meiosis I cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint.
90688 cleavage furrow rim C The 'trough' of the cleavage furrow. This is the part of the cleavage furrow closest to the contractile ring.
90689 cleavage furrow leading edge C The part of the cleavage furrow closest to the cell surface.
90691 formation of plant organ boundary P The regionalization process that specifies plant organ primordium boundaries resulting in a restriction of organogenesis to a limited spatial domain and keeping the organ separate from surrounding tissues.
90692 mitochondrial membrane scission site C The site on the mitochondrial membrane where the separation of a single continuous mitochondrial membrane into two membranes occurs as a final step in mitochondrial fission.
90693 plant organ senescence P The process that occurs in a plant organ near the end of its active life that is associated with the dismantling of cell components and membranes, and an overall decline in metabolism.
90694 Scc2-Scc4 cohesin loading complex C A eukaryotically conserved heterodimeric protein complex (comprising adherin and the chromatid cohesion factor MAU2/Scc4/Ssl3) required for the loading of a cohesin, complex onto DNA.
90695 Wpl/Pds5 cohesin loading/unloading complex C A eukaryotically conserved heterodimeric protein complex (comprising Wings apart-like protein and the Pds5 Armadillo repeat cohesin associated protein) involved in the loading and unloading of a cohesin complex onto DNA.
90696 post-embryonic plant organ development P Development, taking place during the post-embryonic phase of a plant tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.
90697 post-embryonic plant organ morphogenesis P Morphogenesis, during the post-embryonic phase, of a plant tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis pertains to process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.
90698 post-embryonic plant morphogenesis P The process, occurring after plant embryonic development, by which anatomical structures are generated and organized.
90699 correction of merotelic kinetochore attachment, meiosis I P The cell cycle process that corrects the anomalous association of a single chromatid kinetochore with mitotic spindle microtubules emanating from both spindle poles at meiosis I, and would, if uncorrected result in the separation of sister chromatids at meiosis I.
90700 maintenance of plant organ identity P The process in which the identity of a plant organ is maintained. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
90701 specification of plant organ identity P The regionalization process in which the identity of a plant organ primordium is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
90702 non-reproductive fruiting body development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a non-reproductive fruiting body over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A non-reproductive fruiting body is a colonial multicellular structure consisting of co-operating unicellular organisms, some of which are spores. An example of such a process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum and Myxococcus xanthus colonies.
90704 nicotinate-O-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: nicotinate + UDP-D-glucose = O-D-glucosylnicotinate + UDP.
90705 trichome papilla C A plant cell papilla that is part of a trichome cell.
90706 specification of plant organ position P The regionalization process in which information that determines the correct position at which plant organ primordia are formed is generated and perceived resulting in correct positioning of the new plant organ.
90707 establishment of plant organ orientation P The process that determines the orientation of a plant organ or tissue with reference to an axis.
90708 specification of plant organ axis polarity P The process in which the polarity of a plant organ axis is specified.
90709 regulation of timing of plant organ formation P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of plant organ formation at a consistent predetermined time point during development.
90710 phosphomevalonate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + (R)-mevalonate 5-phosphate = ADP + isopentenyl phosphate + CO2 + phosphate.
90711 FMN hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: FMN + H2O = riboflavin + phosphate.
90712 basal pole of outer hair cell C The end of the outer hair cell which receives and transmits neural signals.
90713 immunological memory process P Any process of the immune system that can contribute to the formation of immunological memory or an immune response based upon activation of immunological memory.
90714 innate immunity memory response P An immune response mediated by the innate immune system and directed against a previously encountered immunologic stimulus, being quicker and quantitatively better compared with the initial response to that stimulus.
90715 immunological memory formation process P Any immunological memory process that can contribute to the formation of immunological memory.
90716 adaptive immune memory response P An immune response directed against a previously encountered antigen, being quicker and quantitatively better compared with the primary response.
90717 adaptive immune memory response involving T cells and B cells P An immune response mediated by reactivated memory T cells and B cells and directed against a previously encountered antigen, being quicker and quantitatively better compared with the primary response.
90718 adaptive immune effector response P An adaptive immune response that involves one or more immune effector processes and takes place during the effector phase of the adaptive immune response.
90719 adaptive immune effector response involving T cells and B lineage cells P An adaptive immune effector response involving T cells and B lineage cells. In the case of B lineage cells, the effector cells are the antibody secreting plasma cells whereas for T cells the effector cells may be helper T cells or cytotoxic T cells.
90720 primary adaptive immune response P An adaptive immune response against an antigen not previously encountered by immune system.
90721 primary adaptive immune response involving T cells and B cells P An adaptive immune response mediated by naive T or B cells against an antigen not previously encountered by immune system.
90722 receptor-receptor interaction F The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of two or more different receptor complexes that individually undergo combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to form a higher level receptor complex. The formation of the higher level complex initiates a change in cell function.
90723 growth cone part C Any constituent part of a growth cone, the migrating motile tip of a growing nerve cell axon or dendrite.
90724 central region of growth cone C The center of the migrating motile tip of a growing nerve cell axon or dendrite.
90725 peripheral region of growth cone C The non-central region or periphery of the migrating motile tip of a growing nerve cell axon or dendrite.
90726 cortical dynamic polarity patch C A region of the cell cortex that contains a higher concentration of growth polarity factors than the surrounding cortex and that changes position over time. An example is found in fission yeast cells during early mating, in which the GTPase Cdc42 dynamically to discrete zones within the cortex prior to shmoo formation.
90727 positive regulation of brood size P Any process that increases brood size. Brood size is the number of progeny that survive embryogenesis and are cared for at one time.
90728 negative regulation of brood size P Any process that decreases brood size. Brood size is the number of progeny that survive embryogenesis and are cared for at one time.
90729 toxin activity F Interacting selectively with one or more biological molecules in another organism (the "target" organism), initiating pathogenesis (leading to an abnormal, generally detrimental state) in the target organism. The activity should refer to an evolved function of the active gene product, i.e. one that was selected for. Examples include the activity of botulinum toxin, and snake venom.
90730 Las1 complex C A four subunit complex, that comprises all the necessary RNA processing enzymes (endonuclease, polynucleotide kinase, and exonuclease) to mediate 'cistronic rRNA transcript ITS2 (internal transcribed spacer) cleavage' (GO:0000448).
93001 glycolysis from storage polysaccharide through glucose-1-phosphate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a storage polysaccharide into pyruvate through a glucose-1-phosphate intermediate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP and the reduction of NAD to NADH.
93002 response to nematicide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nematicide stimulus. Nematicides are chemicals used to kill nematodes.
95500 acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an acetylcholine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
97001 ceramide binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any ceramide, a class of lipids that is composed of sphingosine linked to a fatty acid. Ceramides are a major component of cell membranes.
97002 mitochondrial inner boundary membrane C The portion of the mitochondrial inner membrane that is not invaginated to form cristae. The inner boundary membrane lies parallel to the outer membrane.
97003 adipokinetic hormone receptor activity F Combining with an adipokinetic hormone to initiate a change in cell activity. Adipokinetic hormones (AKHs) are peptide hormones that are involved in the mobilization of sugar and lipids from the insect fat body during energy-requiring activities such as flight and locomotion. They also contribute to hemolymph sugar homeostasis.
97004 adipokinetic hormone binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an adipokinetic hormone. Adipokinetic hormones (AKHs) are peptide hormones that are involved in the mobilization of sugar and lipids from the insect fat body during energy-requiring activities such as flight and locomotion. They also contribute to hemolymph sugar homeostasis.
97005 adipokinetic hormone receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an adipokinetic hormone receptor. Adipokinetic hormones (AKHs) are peptide hormones that are involved in the mobilization of sugar and lipids from the insect fat body during energy-requiring activities such as flight and locomotion. They also contribute to hemolymph sugar homeostasis.
97006 regulation of plasma lipoprotein particle levels P Any process involved in the maintenance of internal levels of plasma lipoprotein particles within an organism.
97007 4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-1,3,7,11-tetraene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (EE)-geranyllinalool + NADPH + O2 = 4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene + NADP+ + 2 H2O. It is unknown whether this reaction proceeds by the direct release of the 4-carbon compound but-1-en-3-one, or whether the substrate is first degraded to C18-farnesylacetone and then cleaved to produce 4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene (TMTT) and acetone.
97008 (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (E)-nerolidol + NADPH + O2 = (3E)-4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene + NADP+ + 2 H2O. It is unknown whether this reaction proceeds by the direct release of the 4-carbon compound but-1-en-3-one, or whether the substrate is first degraded to C11-geranylacetone and then cleaved to produce (3E)-4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene (DMNT) and acetone.
97009 energy homeostasis P Any process involved in the balance between food intake (energy input) and energy expenditure.
97010 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex.
97011 cellular response to granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus.
97012 response to granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus.
97013 phagocytic vesicle lumen C The volume enclosed by the membrane of a phagocytic vesicle.
97014 ciliary plasm C All of the contents of a cilium, excluding the plasma membrane surrounding the cilium.
97015 bacterial-type flagellar cytoplasm C All of the contents of a bacterial-type flagellum, excluding the plasma membrane surrounding the flagellum.
97016 L27 domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a L27 domain of a protein. L27 is composed of conserved negatively charged amino acids and a conserved aromatic amino acid. L27 domains can assemble proteins involved in signaling and establishment and maintenance of cell polarity into complexes by interacting in a heterodimeric manner.
97017 renal protein absorption P A renal system process in which proteins are taken up from the collecting ducts, glomerulus and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures (e.g. protein absorption is observed in nephrocytes in Drosophila, see PMID:23264686).
97018 renal albumin absorption P A renal system process in which albumin is taken up from the collecting ducts, glomerulus and proximal and distal loops of the nephron.
97019 neurotransmitter receptor catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of neurotransmitter receptors.
97020 COPII adaptor activity F The binding activity of a molecule that brings together the COPII vesicle proteins and one or more other molecules, permitting them to function in a coordinated way.
97021 lymphocyte migration into lymphoid organs P The movement of a lymphocyte within the lymphatic system into lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes, spleen or Peyer's patches, and its subsequent positioning within defined functional compartments such as sites of cell activation by antigen.
97022 lymphocyte migration into lymph node P The movement of a lymphocyte within the lymphatic system into a lymph node, and its subsequent positioning within defined functional compartments such as sites of cell activation by antigen.
97023 fructose 6-phosphate aldolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose-6-phosphate = dihydroxyacetone + D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.
97025 MPP7-DLG1-LIN7 complex C A heterotrimeric protein complex formed by the association of MMP7, DLG1 and either LIN7A or LIN7C; regulates the stability and localization of DLG1 to cell junctions.
97026 dendritic cell dendrite assembly P Formation of dendrites, branched cellular projections (or cytoplasmic extension) that are extended from the surface of a dendritic immune cell, and which enable the cell to sample luminal pathogens and increase the surface area for antigen presentation to T cells.
97027 ubiquitin-protein transferase activator activity F Increases the activity of a ubiquitin-protein transferase, an enzyme that catalyzes the covalent attachment of ubiquitin to lysine in a substrate protein.
97028 dendritic cell differentiation P The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a dendritic cell. A dendritic cell is a leukocyte of dendritic lineage specialized in the uptake, processing, and transport of antigens to lymph nodes for the purpose of stimulating an immune response via T cell activation.
97029 mature conventional dendritic cell differentiation P The process in which antigen-activated dendritic cells acquire the specialized features of a mature conventional dendritic cell. Mature conventional dendritic cells upregulate the surface expression of MHC molecules, chemokine receptors and adhesion molecules, and increase the number of dendrites (cytoplasmic protrusions) in preparation for migration to lymphoid organs where they present antigen to T cells.
97030 CENP-A containing nucleosome binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a centromere-specific nucleosome, a form of nucleosome located only at the centromere, in which the histone H3 is replaced by the variant form CENP-A (sometimes known as CenH3).
97031 mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I biogenesis P The biogenesis of a mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, a protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that forms part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Includes the synthesis of constituent proteins and their aggregation, arrangement and bonding together.
97032 mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II biogenesis P The biogenesis of a mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II, a protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that forms part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Includes the synthesis of constituent proteins and their aggregation, arrangement and bonding together.
97033 mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III biogenesis P The biogenesis of a mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III (also known as cytochrome bc(1) complex or ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase), a protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that forms part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Includes the synthesis of constituent proteins and their aggregation, arrangement and bonding together.
97034 mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV biogenesis P The biogenesis of a mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV (also known as cytochrome c oxidase complex), a protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that forms part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Includes the synthesis of constituent proteins and their aggregation, arrangement and bonding together.
97035 regulation of membrane lipid distribution P Any process that modulates the proportions or spatial arrangement of lipids in a cellular membrane.
97036 regulation of plasma membrane sterol distribution P Any process that modulates the proportions or spatial arrangement of sterols in the plasma membrane.
97037 heme export P The directed movement of heme out of a cell or organelle.
97038 perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum C The portion of endoplasmic reticulum, the intracellular network of tubules and cisternae, that occurs near the nucleus. The lumen of the perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum is contiguous with the nuclear envelope lumen (also called perinuclear space), the region between the inner and outer nuclear membranes.
97039 protein linear polyubiquitination P A protein ubiquitination process in which a linear polymer of ubiquitin, formed by the amino-terminal methionine (M1) of one ubiquitin molecule and by the carboxy-terminal glycine (G76) of the next, is added to a protein.
97040 phthiocerol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phthiocerol, a lipid-based 1,3-glycol consisting of (3S,4R)-3-methoxy-4-methylnonacosane having (9R)- and (11S)-hydroxy substituents.
97041 phenolic phthiocerol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phenolic phthiocerol, a phthiocerol derivative having a 4-hydroxyphenyl substituent at the 29-position.
97042 extrinsic component of fungal-type vacuolar membrane C The component of a fungal-type vacuolar membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
97043 histone H3-K56 acetylation P The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 56 of the histone.
97044 histone H3-K56 acetylation in response to DNA damage P The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 56 of the histone as a result of the detection of DNA damage within a cell.
97045 phosphatidylserine exposure on blood platelet P A phospholipid scrambling process that results in the appearance of phosphatidylserine on the surface of activated blood platelets, and triggers the clotting system.
97046 replication fork progression beyond termination site P Regulation of DNA replication by a mechanism that allows a DNA replication fork to progress beyond a termination site, which is a region containing fork pausing elements that influence the progression and merging of DNA replication forks.
97047 DNA replication termination region C A chromosomal region that contains fork pausing elements influencing the progression and merging of DNA replication forks.
97048 dendritic cell apoptotic process P Any apoptotic process in a dendritic cell, a cell of hematopoietic origin, typically resident in particular tissues, specialized in the uptake, processing, and transport of antigens to lymph nodes for the purpose of stimulating an immune response via T cell activation.
97049 motor neuron apoptotic process P Any apoptotic process in a motor neuron, an efferent neuron that passes from the central nervous system or a ganglion toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes movement.
97050 type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process P Any apoptotic process in a type B pancreatic cell, a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin.
97051 establishment of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum membrane P The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.
97052 L-kynurenine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-kynurenine, the L-enantiomer of the amino acid kynurenine (3-(2-aminobenzoyl)-alanine).
97053 L-kynurenine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-kynurenine, the L-enantiomer of the amino acid kynurenine (3-(2-aminobenzoyl)-alanine).
97054 L-glutamate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-glutamate, the L enantiomer anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid.
97055 agmatine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of agmatine ((4-aminobutyl)guanidine, NH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-NH-C(-NH2)(=NH)). Agmatine is the decarboxylation product of the amino acid arginine and is an intermediate in polyamine biosynthesis. It is synthesized in the brain, stored in synaptic vesicles, accumulated by uptake, released by membrane depolarization, and inactivated by agmatinase.
97056 selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec) biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec). This process occurs through the following steps: a unique serine-tRNA with a UGA recognizing anticodon is first aminoacylated with serine; this is then phosphorylated by phosphoseryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec kinase; lastly, selenium is swapped for the phosphate on the serine.
97057 TRAF2-GSTP1 complex C A protein complex comprising tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) and glutathione S-transferase pi 1 (GSTP1). This complex is thought to disrupt the TNF signaling cascade, thus down-regulating inflammatory responses.
97058 CRLF-CLCF1 complex C A heterodimeric protein complex that is composed of cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1 (product of the CLCF1 gene) and cytokine receptor-like factor 1 (product of the CRLF gene) and is secreted into the extracellular space. The CRLF-CLCF1 complex is a ligand for the ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) receptor complex.
97059 CNTFR-CLCF1 complex C A protein complex that is composed of two soluble ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor alpha subunits (product of the CNTFR gene) and two molecules of cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1 (product of the CLCF1 gene). The complex is secreted into the extracellular space.
97060 synaptic membrane C A specialized area of membrane on either the presynaptic or the postsynaptic side of a synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell.
97061 dendritic spine organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a dendritic spine. A dendritic spine is a specialized protrusion from a neuronal dendrite and is involved in synaptic transmission.
97062 dendritic spine maintenance P The organization process that preserves a dendritic spine in a stable functional or structural state. A dendritic spine is a specialized protrusion from a neuronal dendrite and is involved in synaptic transmission.
97063 cadmium ion sensor activity F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of cadmium (Cd++).
97064 ncRNA export from nucleus P The directed movement of a non-coding RNA transcript (ncRNA) from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
97065 anterior head development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior part of the head over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
97066 response to thyroid hormone P A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a thyroid hormone stimulus.
97067 cellular response to thyroid hormone stimulus P A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a thyroid hormone stimulus.
97068 response to thyroxine P A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a thyroxine stimulus.
97069 cellular response to thyroxine stimulus P A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a thyroxine stimulus.
97070 ductus arteriosus closure P The morphogenesis process in which the ductus arteriosus changes to no longer permit blood flow after birth. The ductus arteriosus is the shunt between the aorta and the pulmonary artery which allows blood to bypass the fetus' lungs.
97071 interferon regulatory factor complex C A protein complex that consists of two interferon regulatory proteins (IRFs); may be homodimeric or heterodimeric. The activation of a latent closed conformation of IRF in the cytoplasm is triggered by phosphorylation of Ser/Thr residues in a C-terminal region. Phosphorylation stimulates the C-terminal autoinhibitory domain to attain a highly extended conformation triggering dimerization through extensive contacts to a second subunit.
97072 interferon regulatory factor 3 complex C An interferon regulatory factor complex that consists of a homodimer of interferon regulatory factor 3.
97073 interferon regulatory factor 5 complex C An interferon regulatory factor complex that consists of a homodimer of interferon regulatory factor 5.
97074 interferon regulatory factor 7 complex C An interferon regulatory factor complex that consists of a homodimer of interferon regulatory factor 7.
97075 interferon regulatory factor 3-interferon regulatory factor 7 complex C An interferon regulatory factor complex that consists of a heterodimer of interferon regulatory factor 3 and interferon regulatory factor 7.
97076 transforming growth factor beta activated kinase 1 complex C A protein complex that possesses protein kinase activity and activates the I-kappa B kinase complex (IKK) and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases in response to TRAF6 signaling. It comprises the catalytic subunit TAK1 complexed to the regulatory subunits, termed TABs (TAK1-binding subunits).
97077 copper ion sensor activity F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of copper(I) (Cu+).
97078 FAL1-SGD1 complex C A protein complex involved in the 18S rRNA biogenesis. In S. cerevisiae this complex consists of Fal1p and Sgd1p and in humans this complex consists of NOM1 and eIF4AIII subunits.
97079 selenite:proton symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: selenite(out) + H+(out) = selenite(in) + H+(in).
97080 plasma membrane selenite transport P The directed movement of inorganic selenite (HSeO3-1 at physiological pH) across a plasma membrane.
97081 vascular smooth muscle cell fate commitment P The commitment of cells to a vascular smooth muscle cell fate and their capacity to differentiate into vascular smooth muscle cells. A vascular smooth muscle cell is a non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the blood vessels.
97082 vascular smooth muscle cell fate specification P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a vascular smooth muscle cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. A vascular smooth muscle cell is a non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the blood vessels.
97083 vascular smooth muscle cell fate determination P The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a vascular smooth muscle cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. A vascular smooth muscle cell is a non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the blood vessels.
97084 vascular smooth muscle cell development P The process aimed at the progression of a vascular smooth muscle cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. A vascular smooth muscle cell is a non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the blood vessels.
97085 interferon regulatory factor 3-interferon regulatory factor 5 complex C An interferon regulatory factor complex that consists of a heterodimer of interferon regulatory factor 3 and interferon regulatory factor 5.
97086 amniotic stem cell differentiation P The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an amniotic stem cell. An amniotic stem cell is a mesenchymal stem cell extracted from amniotic fluid. Amniotic stem cells are able to differentiate into various tissue types such as skin, cartilage, cardiac tissue, nerves, muscle, and bone.
97087 interleukin-17A production P The appearance of interleukin-17A due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
97088 interleukin-17F production P The appearance of interleukin-17F due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
97089 methyl-branched fatty acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving methyl-branched fatty acids, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids with methyl branches on the main chain.
97090 presynaptic membrane organization P A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a presynaptic membrane, including any proteins associated with the membrane, but excluding other cellular components. A presynaptic membrane is a specialized area of membrane of the axon terminal that faces the plasma membrane of the neuron or muscle fiber with which the axon terminal establishes a synaptic junction.
97091 synaptic vesicle clustering P The process that results in grouping synaptic vesicles, prior to release, at a specialized patch of the presynaptic membrane referred to as the active zone.
97092 polyacyltrehalose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving polyacyltrehalose, a pentaacylated, trehalose-based glycolipid.
97093 polyacyltrehalose biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polyacyltrehalose, a pentaacylated, trehalose-based glycolipid.
97094 craniofacial suture morphogenesis P The process in which any suture between cranial and/or facial bones is generated and organized.
97095 frontonasal suture morphogenesis P The process in which the frontonasal suture, between frontal and nasal bones, is generated and organized.
97096 facial suture morphogenesis P The process in which any suture between facial bones is generated and organized.
97097 nasal suture morphogenesis P The process in which the nasal suture is generated and organized.
97098 DNA/RNA hybrid annealing activity F Facilitates the base-pairing of single-stranded RNA to double-stranded DNA resulting in the formation of R-loops.
97099 structural constituent of albumen F The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of albumen (also called egg white). Albumen is the clear liquid contained within an egg and consists of water and proteins, among which are ovomucin and ovomucoid. It protects the egg yolk and provides additional nutrition for the growth of the embryo.
97100 supercoiled DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with supercoiled DNA. For example, during replication and transcription, template DNA is negatively supercoiled in the receding downstream DNA and positively supercoiled in the approaching downstream DNA.
97101 blood vessel endothelial cell fate specification P The process involved in the specification of identity of a blood vessel endothelial cell. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment. A blood vessel endothelial cell is an endothelial cell of the vascular tree, which includes blood vessels and lymphatic vessels.
97102 endothelial tip cell fate specification P The process involved in the specification of identity of an endothelial tip cell. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment. An endothelial tip cell is a specialized endothelial cell localized to the leading edge of an angiogenic sprout that senses extracellular signals and guides the directed growth of blood vessels.
97103 endothelial stalk cell fate specification P The process involved in the specification of identity of an endothelial stalk cell. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment. An endothelial stalk cell is a specialized endothelial cell which follows behind the tip cell of an angiogenic sprout.
97104 postsynaptic membrane assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a postsynaptic membrane, a specialized area of membrane facing the presynaptic membrane on the tip of the nerve ending and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft).
97105 presynaptic membrane assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a presynaptic membrane, including any proteins associated with the membrane, but excluding other cellular components. A presynaptic membrane is a specialized area of membrane of the axon terminal that faces the plasma membrane of the neuron or muscle fiber with which the axon terminal establishes a synaptic junction.
97106 postsynaptic density organization P A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a postsynaptic density, a region that lies adjacent to the cytoplasmic face of the postsynaptic membrane at excitatory synapse.
97107 postsynaptic density assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a postsynaptic density, a region that lies adjacent to the cytoplasmic face of the postsynaptic membrane at excitatory synapse.
97108 hedgehog family protein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a member of the hedgehog protein family, signaling proteins involved in development.
97109 neuroligin family protein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a member of the neuroligin protein family, neuronal cell surface proteins that mediate synapse formation.
97110 scaffold protein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a scaffold protein. Scaffold proteins are crucial regulators of many key signaling pathways. Although not strictly defined in function, they are known to interact and/or bind with multiple members of a signaling pathway, tethering them into complexes.
97111 endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi intermediate compartment.
97112 gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor clustering P The receptor clustering process in which gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane.
97113 AMPA glutamate receptor clustering P The glutamate receptor clustering process in which alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) receptors are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane.
97114 NMDA glutamate receptor clustering P The receptor clustering process in which N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane.
97115 neurexin clustering involved in presynaptic membrane assembly P The receptor clustering process involved in assembly of the presynaptic membrane in which neurexins are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane. Neurexins are synaptic cell surface proteins which act as cell recognition molecules at nerve terminals.
97116 gephyrin clustering involved in postsynaptic density assembly P The clustering process in which gephyrin molecules are localized to distinct domains in the postsynaptic density as part of postsynaptic density assembly. Gephyrin is a component of the postsynaptic protein network of inhibitory synapses.
97117 guanylate kinase-associated protein clustering P The clustering process in which guanylate kinase-associated proteins (GKAPs) are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane. GKAP facilitates assembly of the post synaptic density of neurons.
97118 neuroligin clustering involved in postsynaptic membrane assembly P The receptor clustering process involved in assembly of the postsynaptic membrane in which neuroligins are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane. Neuroligins are neuronal cell surface proteins on the postsynaptic membrane that mediate synapse formation between neurons.
97119 postsynaptic density protein 95 clustering P The clustering process in which postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) molecules are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane. PSD-95 is mostly located in the post synaptic density of neurons, and is involved in anchoring synaptic proteins.
97120 receptor localization to synapse P Any process in which a receptor is transported to, and/or maintained at the synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell.
97121 cyclin A1-CDK1 complex C A protein complex consisting of cyclin A1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.
97122 cyclin A2-CDK1 complex C A protein complex consisting of cyclin A2 and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.
97123 cyclin A1-CDK2 complex C A protein complex consisting of cyclin A1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.
97124 cyclin A2-CDK2 complex C A protein complex consisting of cyclin A2 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.
97125 cyclin B1-CDK1 complex C A protein complex consisting of cyclin B1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.
97126 cyclin B2-CDK1 complex C A protein complex consisting of cyclin B2 and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.
97127 cyclin B3-CDK2 complex C A protein complex consisting of cyclin B3 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.
97128 cyclin D1-CDK4 complex C A protein complex consisting of cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.
97129 cyclin D2-CDK4 complex C A protein complex consisting of cyclin D2 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.
97130 cyclin D3-CDK4 complex C A protein complex consisting of cyclin D3 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.
97131 cyclin D1-CDK6 complex C A protein complex consisting of cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.
97132 cyclin D2-CDK6 complex C A protein complex consisting of cyclin D2 and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.
97133 cyclin D3-CDK6 complex C A protein complex consisting of cyclin D3 and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.
97134 cyclin E1-CDK2 complex C A protein complex consisting of cyclin E1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.
97135 cyclin E2-CDK2 complex C A protein complex consisting of cyclin E2 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.
97136 Bcl-2 family protein complex C A protein complex that consists of members of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators. Bcl-2 proteins respond to cues from various forms of intracellular stress, such as DNA damage or cytokine deprivation, and interact with opposing family members to determine whether or not the caspase proteolytic cascade should be unleashed.
97137 BAD-BCL-xl complex C A heterodimeric protein complex consisting of BAD and BCL-xl, members of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.
97138 BAD-BCL-2 complex C A heterodimeric protein complex consisting of BAD and BCL-2, members of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.
97139 BID-BCL-2 complex C A heterodimeric protein complex consisting of BID and BCL-2, members of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.
97140 BIM-BCL-xl complex C A heterodimeric protein complex consisting of BIM and BCL-xl, members of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.
97141 BIM-BCL-2 complex C A heterodimeric protein complex consisting of BIM and BCL-2, members of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.
97142 PUMA-BCL-2 complex C A heterodimeric protein complex consisting of PUMA and BCL-2, members of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.
97143 PUMA-BCL-xl complex C A heterodimeric protein complex consisting of PUMA and BCL-xl, members of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.
97144 BAX complex C An oligomeric protein complex consisting of BAX, a member of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.
97145 BAK complex C An oligomeric protein complex consisting of BAK, a member of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.
97146 NOXA-BCL-xl complex C A heterodimeric protein complex consisting of NOXA and BCL-xl, members of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.
97147 NOXA-BCL-2 complex C A heterodimeric protein complex consisting of NOXA and BCL-2, members of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.
97148 BCL-2 complex C A homodimeric protein complex consisting of BCL-2, a member of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.
97149 centralspindlin complex C A heterotetrameric protein complex playing a key role in the formation of the central spindle in mitosis. Made up of two molecules each of a mitotic kinesin (ZEN-4 in Caenorhabditis elegans or MKLP1 in mammals) and of two molecules each of a GTPase activating protein (GAP) factor (CYK-4 in Caenorhabditis elegans or MgcRacGAP in mammals).
97150 neuronal stem cell population maintenance P Any process in by an organism or tissue maintains a population of neuronal stem cells.
97151 positive regulation of inhibitory postsynaptic potential P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP). IPSP is a temporary decrease in postsynaptic membrane potential due to the flow of negatively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an IPSP is an inhibitory postsynaptic current (IPSC) and makes it more difficult for the neuron to fire an action potential.
97152 mesenchymal cell apoptotic process P Any apoptotic process in a mesenchymal cell. A mesenchymal cell is a loosely associated cell that is part of the connective tissue in an organism. Mesenchymal cells give rise to more mature connective tissue cell types.
97153 cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile, and contributing to the apoptotic process.
97154 GABAergic neuron differentiation P The process in which a neuroblast acquires the specialized structural and functional features of a GABAergic neuron.
97155 fasciculation of sensory neuron axon P The collection of sensory neuron axons into a bundle of rods, known as a fascicle.
97156 fasciculation of motor neuron axon P The collection of motor neuron axons into a bundle of rods, known as a fascicle.
97157 pre-mRNA intronic binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an intronic sequence of a pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA).
97158 pre-mRNA intronic pyrimidine-rich binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a pyrimidine-rich (CU-rich) intronic sequence of a pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA).
97159 organic cyclic compound binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an organic cyclic compound, any molecular entity that contains carbon arranged in a cyclic molecular structure.
97160 polychlorinated biphenyl binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), a biphenyl compound containing between 2 and 10 chlorine atoms attached to the two benzene rings.
97161 DH domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a DH (Dbl homology) domain of a protein. The DH domain contains three structurally conserved regions separated by more variable regions. It is composed of 11 alpha helices that are folded into a flattened, elongated alpha-helix bundle in which two of the three conserved regions, conserved region 1 (CR1) and conserved region 3 (CR3), are exposed near the centre of one surface. CR1 and CR3, together with a part of alpha-6 and the DH/PH (pleckstrin homology) junction site, constitute the Rho GTPase interacting pocket.
97162 MADS box domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a MADS box domain, a protein domain that encodes the DNA-binding MADS domain. The MADS domain binds to DNA sequences of high similarity to the motif CC[A/T]6GG termed the CArG-box. MADS-domain proteins are generally transcription factors. The length of the MADS-box is in the range of 168 to 180 base pairs.
97163 sulfur carrier activity F Enables the directed movement of sulfur into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
97164 ammonium ion metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving the ammonium ion.
97165 nuclear stress granule C A dense aggregation in the nucleus composed of proteins and RNAs that appear when the cell is under stress.
97166 lens epithelial cell proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of lens epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Lens epithelial cells make up the lens epithelium, which is located in the anterior portion of the lens between the lens capsule and the lens fibers and is a simple cuboidal epithelium. The epithelial cells of the lens regulate most of the homeostatic functions of the lens such as osmolarity and liquid volume. The lens epithelial cells also serve as the progenitors for new lens fibers. The lens epithelium constantly lays down fibers in the embryo, fetus, infant, and adult, and continues to lay down fibers for lifelong growth.
97167 circadian regulation of translation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA translation with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.
97168 mesenchymal stem cell proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of mesenchymal stem cells, resulting in the expansion of a stem cell population. A mesenchymal stem cell, or MSC, is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized mesenchymal cells.
97169 AIM2 inflammasome complex C A protein complex that consists of AIM2, ASC, and caspase-1. AIM2 is a member of the HN-200 protein family that appears to be the sensor of cytosolic double-stranded DNA.
97170 ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose, an ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre of the heptose. ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose (also called ADP-L-beta-D-heptose or ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose) is a nucleotide-sugar precursor of the inner core lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from D-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate.
97171 ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose, an ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre of the heptose. ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose (also called ADP-L-beta-D-heptose or ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose) is a nucleotide-sugar precursor of the inner core lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from D-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate.
97172 N-acetylmuramic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc), a monosaccharide derivative of N-acetylglucosamine.
97173 N-acetylmuramic acid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc), a monosaccharide derivative of N-acetylglucosamine.
97174 1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-beta-muramic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-beta-muramic acid, the 1,6-anhydro-derivative of N-acetyl-beta-muramic acid.
97175 1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-beta-muramic acid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramic acid, the 1,6-anhydro-derivative of N-acetyl-beta-muramic acid.
97176 epoxide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving epoxides, compounds in which an oxygen atom is directly attached to two adjacent or non-adjacent carbon atoms of a carbon chain or ring system; thus cyclic ethers.
97177 mitochondrial ribosome binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any part of a mitochondrial ribosome, a ribosome found in the mitochondrion of a eukaryotic cell.
97178 ruffle assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a ruffle, a projection at the leading edge of a crawling cell; the protrusions are supported by a microfilament meshwork. The formation of ruffles (also called membrane ruffling) is thought to be controlled by a group of enzymes known as Rho GTPases, specifically RhoA, Rac1 and cdc42.
97179 protease inhibitor complex C A heterodimeric protein complex that contains a protease inhibitor and a protease; formation of the complex inhibits protease activity.
97180 serine protease inhibitor complex C A heterodimeric protein complex that contains a serine protease inhibitor and a protease; formation of the complex inhibits serine protease activity.
97181 protein C inhibitor-coagulation factor V complex C A heterodimeric protein complex that contains protein C inhibitor (SERPINA5) and coagulation factor V (F5); formation of the complex inhibits the serine protease activity of coagulation factor V.
97182 protein C inhibitor-coagulation factor Xa complex C A heterodimeric protein complex that contains protein C inhibitor (SERPINA5) and coagulation factor Xa (F10); formation of the complex inhibits the serine protease activity of coagulation factor Xa.
97183 protein C inhibitor-coagulation factor XI complex C A heterodimeric protein complex that contains protein C inhibitor (SERPINA5) and coagulation factor XI (F11); formation of the complex inhibits the serine protease activity of coagulation factor XI.
97184 response to azide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an azide stimulus.
97185 cellular response to azide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an azide stimulus.
97186 amelogenesis P The process whose specific outcome is the formation of tooth enamel, occurring in two stages: secretory stage and maturation stage.
97187 dentinogenesis P The process whose specific outcome is the formation of dentin, the mineralized tissue that constitutes the major bulk of teeth. Dentin may be one of three types: primary dentin, secondary dentin, and tertiary dentin.
97188 dentin mineralization P The process in which calcium salts are deposited into the calcareous tooth structure known as dentin.
97189 apoptotic body C A vesicle containing parts of a dying cell. Apoptotic bodies can be formed during the execution phase of the apoptotic process, when the cell's cytoskeleton breaks up and causes the membrane to bulge outward. These bulges may separate from the cell, taking a portion of cytoplasm with them, to become apoptotic bodies. These are then engulfed by phagocytic cells, and their components recycled. Apoptotic bodies may range in size from 0.8 to 5um.
97190 apoptotic signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals which triggers the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of a signal, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.
97191 extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals in which a signal is conveyed from the cell surface to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with either a ligand binding to a cell surface receptor, or a ligand being withdrawn from a cell surface receptor (e.g. in the case of signaling by dependence receptors), and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.
97192 extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand P A series of molecular signals in which a signal is conveyed from the cell surface to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with withdrawal of a ligand from a cell surface receptor, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.
97193 intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of an intracellular signal (e.g. DNA damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress etc.), and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. The intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway is crucially regulated by permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOMP).
97194 execution phase of apoptosis P A stage of the apoptotic process that starts with the controlled breakdown of the cell through the action of effector caspases or other effector molecules (e.g. cathepsins, calpains etc.). Key steps of the execution phase are rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died.
97195 pilomotor reflex P The reflex process in which the arrectores pilorum (hair follicle) muscles contract and cause the hair to stand erect.
97196 Shu complex C A protein complex involved in error-free DNA post-replication repair (PRR). In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the complex contains Csm2p, Psy3p, Shu1p, and Shu2p.
97197 tetraspanin-enriched microdomain C A pre-organized unit composed either of adhesion molecules (mainly integrins and members of the Ig superfamily), signaling receptors and/or enzyme-enriched plasma membrane domains that compartmentalizes cellular processes. Tetraspanin-enriched microdomains might be specially suited for the regulation of avidity of adhesion receptors and the compartmentalization of enzymatic activities.
97198 histone H3-K36 trimethylation P The modification of histone H3 by addition of three methyl groups to lysine at position 36 of the histone.
97199 cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathway F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile, and contributing to the apoptotic signaling pathway.
97200 cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in execution phase of apoptosis F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile, and contributing to the execution phase of apoptosis.
97201 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to stress P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
97202 activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity P Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme cysteine-type endopeptidase.
97203 phagocytic cup lip C The tip or margin of the progressing circular lamella that engulfs a particle during phagocytosis. When the two lips of the cup fuse it is converted into a phagosome.
97204 phagocytic cup base C The older part of the phagocytic cup where the actin cytoskeleton disassembles, allowing early incoming and outgoing vesicular trafficking.
97205 renal filtration P A renal system process in which fluid circulating through the body is filtered through a barrier system.
97206 nephrocyte filtration P The process by which hemolymph is filtered based on size and charge through a nephrocyte filtration barrier formed by the basement membrane and nephrocyte diaphragm.
97207 bud dormancy process P A dormancy process in which dormancy (sometimes called a dormant state) is induced, maintained or broken in a bud. Bud dormancy is a suspension of most physiological activity and growth that can be reactivated. It may be a response to environmental conditions such as seasonality or extreme heat, drought, or cold. The exit from bud dormancy is marked by the resumed growth of the bud.
97208 alveolar lamellar body C A specialized secretory organelle found in type II pneumocytes and involved in the synthesis, secretion, and reutilization of pulmonary surfactant.
97209 epidermal lamellar body C A specialized secretory organelle found in keratinocytes and involved in the formation of an impermeable, lipid-containing membrane that serves as a water barrier and is required for correct skin barrier function.
97210 response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulus. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a peptide hormone responsible for the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary. GnRH is synthesized and released by the hypothalamus.
97211 cellular response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulus. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a peptide hormone responsible for the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary. GnRH is synthesized and released by the hypothalamus.
97212 lysosomal membrane organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lysosomal membrane. A lysosomal membrane is the lipid bilayer surrounding the lysosome and separating its contents from the cell cytoplasm.
97213 regulation of lysosomal membrane permeability P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by the lysosomal membrane.
97214 positive regulation of lysosomal membrane permeability P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by the lysosomal membrane.
97215 negative regulation of lysosomal membrane permeability P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by the lysosomal membrane.
97216 guanosine tetraphosphate binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with guanosine tetraphosphate (5'-ppGpp-3'), a guanosine bisphosphate having diphosphate groups at both the 3' and 5'-positions.
97217 sieve area C A pit-like area in the cell wall of a sieve element; contains pores lined with callose and occupied by strands of protoplasmic material that interconnect the protoplasts of contiguous sieve elements.
97218 sieve plate C A part of the cell wall of a sieve tube member that bears one or more highly specialized sieve areas.
97219 compound sieve plate C A sieve plate that contains several specialized sieve areas in either a scalariform or reticulate arrangement.
97220 simple sieve plate C A sieve plate that contains a single specialized sieve area.
97221 M/G1 phase-specific MADS box-forkhead transcription factor complex C A protein complex that contains a MADS-box protein and two forkhead domain proteins, and binds to and regulates transcription from promoters of genes transcribed during the M/G1 transition of the cell cycle. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the complex contains the MADS-box protein Mbx1 and two forkhead proteins, Sep1 and Fkh2.
97222 mitochondrial mRNA polyadenylation P The enzymatic addition of a sequence of 40-60 adenylyl residues at the 3' end of a eukaryotic mitochondrial mRNA primary transcript. Mitochondria contain both stabilizing and destabilizing poly(A) tails.
97223 sperm part C Any constituent part of a sperm, a mature male germ cell that develops from a spermatid.
97224 sperm connecting piece C The segment of the sperm flagellum that attaches to the implantation fossa of the nucleus in the sperm head; from the remnant of the centriole at this point, the axoneme extends throughout the length of the flagellum.
97225 sperm midpiece C The highly organized segment of the sperm flagellum which begins at the connecting piece and is characterized by the presence of 9 outer dense fibers (ODFs) that lie outside each of the 9 outer axonemal microtubule doublets and by a sheath of mitochondria that encloses the ODFs and the axoneme; the midpiece terminates about one-fourth of the way down the sperm flagellum at the annulus, which marks the beginning of the principal piece.
97226 sperm mitochondrial sheath C The tightly packed helical sheath of ATP-producing mitochondria restricted to the midpiece of the sperm flagellum.
97227 sperm annulus C The ring-like, filamentous structure located at the distal end of the midpiece of the sperm flagellum; the annulus is thought to form a diffusion barrier between the midpiece and the principal piece and serve as a stabilizing structure for tail rigidity.
97228 sperm principal piece C The segment of the sperm flagellum where the mitochondrial sheath ends, and the outer dense fibers (ODFs) associated with outer axonemal doublets 3 and 8 are replaced by the 2 longitudinal columns of the fibrous sheath (FS) which run the length of the principal piece and are stabilized by circumferential ribs. The principal piece makes up ~2/3 of the length of the sperm flagellum and is defined by the presence of the FS and of only 7 (rather than 9) ODFs which taper and then terminate near the distal end of the principal piece.
97229 sperm end piece C The short tip of the sperm flagellum, adjacent to the sperm principal piece and furthest from the sperm head, which contains only the axoneme surrounded by the plasma membrane.
97230 cell motility in response to potassium ion P Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another as a result of a potassium ion stimulus.
97231 cell motility in response to calcium ion P Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another as a result of a calcium ion stimulus.
97232 lamellar body membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a lamellar body. A lamellar body is a membrane-bounded organelle, specialized for the storage and secretion of various substances (surfactant phospholipids, glycoproteins and acid phosphates) which are arranged in the form of tightly packed, concentric, membrane sheets or lamellae. Has some similar properties to, but is distinct from, a lysosome.
97233 alveolar lamellar body membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding an alveolar lamellar body, a specialized secretory organelle found in type II pneumocytes and involved in the synthesis, secretion, and reutilization of pulmonary surfactant.
97234 epidermal lamellar body membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding an epidermal lamellar body, a specialized secretory organelle found in keratinocytes and involved in the formation of an impermeable, lipid-containing membrane that serves as a water barrier and is required for correct skin barrier function.
97235 positive regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid beta-oxidation by activating or increasing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
97236 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to zinc ion starvation P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of deprivation of zinc ions.
97237 cellular response to toxic substance P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxic stimulus.
97238 cellular response to methylglyoxal P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methylglyoxal stimulus. Methylglyoxal is a 2-oxoaldehyde derived from propanal.
97239 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to methylglyoxal P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter in response to a methylglyoxal stimulus.
97240 chromosome attachment to the nuclear envelope P The process in which chromatin is anchored to the nuclear envelope.
97241 hematopoietic stem cell migration to bone marrow P The orderly movement of a hematopoietic stem cell into the bone marrow, and its subsequent positioning within defined functional compartments in that microenvironment. A hematopoietic stem cell is a cell from which all cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages develop, including blood cells and cells of the immune system.
97242 beta-amyloid clearance P The process in which beta-amyloid is removed from the brain via receptors.
97243 flavonoid binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a flavonoid, a compound containing two or more aromatic rings, each bearing at least one aromatic hydroxyl and connected with a carbon bridge.
97244 flavonol binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a flavonol, a flavonoid that contains a 3-hydroxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one backbone.
97245 flavanol binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a flavanol.
97246 catechin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a catechin, a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite with a flavonoid or flavan-3-ol structure.
97247 epigallocatechin 3-gallate binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with epigallocatechin 3-gallate, a compound that is a gallic acid ester of a catechin.
97248 maintenance of protein location in cell cortex of cell tip P A process in which a protein or protein complex is maintained in a specific location in the cell cortex of a cell tip, and is prevented from moving elsewhere. The cell cortex of a cell tip is the region directly beneath the plasma membrane at either end of the longest axis of a cylindrical or elongated cell.
97249 mitochondrial respiratory chain supercomplex C A set of respiratory enzyme complexes of the mitochondrial inner membrane (including, for example, Complex II, Complex III, Complex IV, or F1-F0 ATPase) arranged to form a large supercomplex.
97250 mitochondrial respiratory chain supercomplex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of respiratory enzyme complexes of the mitochondrial inner membrane (including, for example, Complex II, Complex III, Complex IV, or F1-F0 ATPase) to form a large supercomplex.
97251 leukotriene B4 biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of leukotriene B4, a leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents.
97252 oligodendrocyte apoptotic process P Any apoptotic process in an oligodendrocyte. Oligodendrocytes belong to a class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system, where they form the insulating myelin sheath of axons.
97253 beta-hydroxybutyrate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of beta-hydroxybutyrate from one side of the membrane to the other. Beta-hydroxybutyrate is the conjugate base of (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid.
97254 renal tubular secretion P Secretion of substances from peritubular capillaries into the renal tubules to be incorporated subsequently into the urine. Substances that are secreted include organic anions, ammonia, potassium and drugs.
97255 R2TP complex C A highly conserved protein complex comprised of two ATP-dependent DNA helicases (Rvb1p and Rvb2p in yeast, Pontin52 and Reptin52 in humans), Pih1p in yeast or PIH1D1 in humans, and Tah1 in yeast or RPAP3 in humans. The complex associates with Hsp90 and is thought to have a role in assembly of large protein or protein/nucleic acid complexes. In this role it is involved in multiple processes such as box C/D snoRNP biogenesis, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase-related protein kinase (PIKK) signaling, RNA polymerase II assembly, and others.
97256 phenyllactate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the oxidation of phenyllactate to produce phenylpyruvate.
97257 leukotriene B4 12-hydroxy dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: leukotriene B4 + NADP(+) = 12-oxo-leukotriene B4 + NADPH + H(+).
97258 20-hydroxy-leukotriene B4 omega oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 20-hydroxy-leukotriene B4 + O2 + NADPH + H(+) = 20-aldehyde-leukotriene B4 + 2H2O + NADP(+).
97259 20-aldehyde-leukotriene B4 20-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 20-aldehyde-leukotriene B4 + O2 + NADPH + H(+) = 20-carboxy-leukotriene B4 + H2O + NADP(+).
97260 eoxin A4 synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: leukotriene A4 = eoxin A4.
97261 eoxin C4 synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: eoxin A4 + glutathione = eoxin C4.
97262 eoxin D4 synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: eoxin C4 = eoxin D4 + 5-L-glutamyl amino acid.
97263 eoxin E4 synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: eoxin D4 + H20 = eoxin E4 + glycine.
97264 self proteolysis P The hydrolysis of proteins into smaller polypeptides and/or amino acids by cleavage of their own peptide bonds.
97265 5(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-HETE + NADP(+) = 5-oxo-ETE + NADPH + H(+).
97266 phenylacetyl-CoA 1,2-epoxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phenylacetyl-CoA + H(+) + NADPH + O2 = 2-(1,2-epoxy-1,2-dihydrophenyl)acetyl-CoA + H2O + NADP(+).
97267 omega-hydroxylase P450 pathway P The chemical reactions and pathways by which arachidonic acid is converted to other compounds initially by omega-hydroxylation.
97268 cytoophidium C A subcellular filamentary structure where CTP synthase is compartmentalized in a range of organisms including bacteria, yeast, fruit fly, rat and human.
97269 all-trans-decaprenyl-diphosphate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate + 7 isopentenyl diphosphate = 7 diphosphate + all-trans-decaprenyl diphosphate.
97270 dishabituation P The temporary recovery of response to a stimulus when a novel stimulus is added.
97271 protein localization to bud neck P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location within a cellular bud neck.
97272 ammonia homeostasis P Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of ammonia.
97273 creatinine homeostasis P Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of creatinine.
97274 urea homeostasis P Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of urea.
97275 cellular ammonia homeostasis P Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of ammonia at the level of the cell.
97276 cellular creatinine homeostasis P Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of creatinine at the level of the cell.
97277 cellular urea homeostasis P Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of urea at the level of the cell.
97278 complement-dependent cytotoxicity P Lysis of a cell resulting from triggering of the complement cascade. An example can be seen with complement activation and subsequent lysis of a bacterial cell as a result of the binding of IgM to the cell surface followed by the binding of complement proteins to that antibody.
97279 histamine secretion mediated by IgE immunoglobulin P Histamine release triggered by the binding of an antigen to an IgE immunoglobulin bound to the cell surface. An example is mast cell histamine degranulation as a result of exposure of mast cell-bound IgE to alder tree pollen.
97280 histamine secretion mediated by immunoglobulin P Histamine release triggered by the binding of an antigen to an immunoglobulin bound to the cell surface.
97281 immune complex formation P The process that gives rise to an immune complex. Immune complexes are clusters of antibodies bound to antigen, to which complement may also be fixed, and which may precipitate or remain in solution. Examples are the clumping of cells such as bacteria or red blood cells in the presence of an antibody, precipitation of a toxin after an antibody binds to it, and clumping of viral particles as a result of antibody binding to the virus.
97282 immunoglobulin-mediated neutralization P The inhibition of an antigen's biological effects by antibody binding to it. An example is neutralization of diphtheria toxin by preventing its entry into human cells via the binding of antibody specific for diphtheria toxin.
97283 keratinocyte apoptotic process P Any apoptotic process in a keratinocyte. A keratinocyte is an epidermal cell which synthesizes keratin and undergoes a characteristic change as it moves upward from the basal layers of the epidermis to the cornified (horny) layer of the skin.
97284 hepatocyte apoptotic process P Any apoptotic process in a hepatocyte, the main structural component of the liver.
97286 iron ion import P The directed movement of iron ions into a cell or organelle.
97287 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving the Q nucleoside precursor 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine, also known as 2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile or preQo.
97288 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the Q nucleoside precursor 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine, also known as 2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile or preQo.
97289 alpha-ribazole metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-ribazole, the benzimidazole nucleoside in adenosyl cobalamin (vitamin B12).
97290 alpha-ribazole biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alpha-ribazole, the benzimidazole nucleoside in adenosyl cobalamin (vitamin B12).
97291 renal phosphate ion absorption P A renal system process in which phosphate ions are taken up from the collecting ducts and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures.
97292 XMP metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving XMP, xanthosine monophosphate.
97293 XMP biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of XMP, xanthosine monophosphate.
97294 'de novo' XMP biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of XMP, xanthosine monophosphate, from simpler precursors.
97295 morphine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of morphine, 17-methyl-7,8-didehydro-4,5alpha-epoxymorphinan-3,6alpha-diol. Morphine is a highly potent opiate analgesic psychoactive drug obtained form the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum.
97296 activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathway P Any process that initiates the activity of an inactive cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic signaling pathway.
97297 activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in execution phase of apoptosis P Any process that initiates the activity of an inactive cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the execution phase of apoptosis.
97298 regulation of nucleus size P Any process that modulates the size of the nucleus.
97299 cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in plant-type hypersensitive response F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile, and contributing to plant-type hypersensitive response, the rapid, localized death of plant cells in response to invasion by a pathogen.
97300 programmed necrotic cell death P A necrotic cell death process that results from the activation of endogenous cellular processes, such as signaling involving death domain receptors or Toll-like receptors.
97301 regulation of potassium ion concentration by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that regulates the internal concentration of potassium ions at the level of a cell by activating or increasing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
97302 lipoprotein biosynthetic process via diacylglyceryl transfer P The chemical reactions and pathways by which diacylglyceryl transfer leads to formation of a water-soluble protein-lipid complex.
97303 lipoprotein biosynthetic process via N-acyl transfer P The chemical reactions and pathways by which N-acyl transfer leads to formation of a water-soluble protein-lipid complex.
97304 lipoprotein biosynthetic process via signal peptide cleavage P The chemical reactions and pathways by which signal peptide cleavage leads to formation of a water-soluble protein-lipid complex.
97305 response to alcohol P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alcohol stimulus.
97306 cellular response to alcohol P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alcohol stimulus.
97307 response to farnesol P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a farnesol stimulus.
97308 cellular response to farnesol P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a farnesol stimulus.
97309 cap1 mRNA methylation P Methylation of the ribose of the first nucleotide of a 5'-capped mRNA.
97310 cap2 mRNA methylation P Methylation of the ribose of the first and second nucleotides of a 5'-capped mRNA.
97311 biofilm matrix C A structure lying external to bacterial cells. A biofilm is an aggregate of surface-associated bacteria, and the biofilm matrix is the envelope of polymeric substances that surrounds the bacteria.
97312 biofilm matrix component C Any constituent part of the biofilm matrix, a structure lying external to bacterial cells. A biofilm is an aggregate of surface-associated bacteria, and the biofilm matrix is the envelope of polymeric substances that surrounds the bacteria.
97313 biofilm matrix surface C The external part of the biofilm matrix, a structure lying external to bacterial cells. A biofilm is an aggregate of surface-associated bacteria, and the biofilm matrix is the envelope of polymeric substances that surrounds the bacteria.
97314 apoptosome assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the apoptosome, a multisubunit protein complex involved in the signaling phase of the apoptotic process.
97315 response to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an N-acetyl-D-glucosamine stimulus.
97316 cellular response to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an N-acetyl-D-glucosamine stimulus.
97317 invasive growth in response to biotic stimulus P The growth of colonies in filamentous chains of cells as a result of a biotic stimulus. An example of this is Candida albicans forming invasive filaments in agar medium in response to a serum stimulus.
97318 invasive growth in response to abiotic stimulus P The growth of colonies in filamentous chains of cells as a result of a abiotic stimulus. An example of this process is found in Candida albicans.
97319 carbohydrate import into cell P The directed movement of carbohydrate from outside of a cell into the cytoplasmic compartment. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis.
97320 plasma membrane tubulation P A membrane tubulation process occurring in a plasma membrane.
97321 cell growth mode switching, filamentous to budding P The process in which a cell switches from growing as a filament (elongated cells attached end-to-end) to growing as a round budding cell. An example of this is observed in Candida albicans.
97322 7SK snRNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a 7SK small nuclear RNA (7SK snRNA).
97323 B cell adhesion P The attachment of a B cell to another cell via adhesion molecules.
97324 melanocyte migration P The orderly movement of melanocytes from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism. A melanocyte is a pigment cell derived from the neural crest. It contains melanin-filled pigment granules, which give a brown to black appearance.
97325 melanocyte proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of melanocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. A melanocyte is a pigment cell derived from the neural crest. It contains melanin-filled pigment granules, which give a brown to black appearance.
97326 melanocyte adhesion P The attachment of a melanocyte to another cell via adhesion molecules.
97327 response to antineoplastic agent P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antineoplastic agent stimulus. An antineoplastic agent is a substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.
97328 response to carboplatin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carboplatin stimulus.
97329 response to antimetabolite P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antimetabolite stimulus. An antimetabolite is a substance which is structurally similar to a metabolite but which competes with it or replaces it, and so prevents or reduces its normal utilization.
97330 response to 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine stimulus. 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine is a pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; it is used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.
97331 response to cytarabine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytarabine stimulus.
97332 response to antipsychotic drug P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antipsychotic drug stimulus. Antipsychotic drugs are agents that control agitated psychotic behaviour, alleviate acute psychotic states, reduce psychotic symptoms, and exert a quieting effect.
97333 response to olanzapine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an olanzapine stimulus.
97334 response to perphenazine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a perphenazine stimulus. Perphenazine is a phenothiazine derivative having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at the N-10 position.
97335 response to quetiapine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a quetiapine stimulus.
97336 response to risperidone P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a risperidone stimulus.
97337 response to ziprasidone P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ziprasidone stimulus. Ziprasidone is a piperazine compound having 1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl- and 2-(6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2-oxindol-5-yl)ethyl substituents attached to the nitrogen atoms.
97338 response to clozapine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a clozapine stimulus.
97339 glycolate transmembrane transport P A process in which glycolate is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Glycolate is the anion of hydroxyethanoic acid (glycolic acid).
97340 inhibition of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity P Any process that prevents the activation of an inactive cysteine-type endopeptidase.
97341 zymogen inhibition P Any process that prevents the proteolytic processing of an inactive enzyme to an active form.
97342 ripoptosome C A protein complex whose core components are the receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinases RIPK1 and RIPK3 (also called RIP1 and RIP3). Formation of the ripoptosome can induce an extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway or a necroptotic signaling pathway. The composition of this protein complex may depend on several factors including nature of the signal, cell type and more.
97343 ripoptosome assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a ripoptosome, a protein complex whose formation can induce an extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway or a necroptotic signaling pathway. The composition of this protein complex may depend on several factors including nature of the signal, cell type and more.
97344 Rix1 complex C A protein complex that comprises Rix1p, Ipi1p and Ipi3p, and is required for processing of ITS2 sequences from 35S pre-rRNA. The Rix1 complex has been identified in budding yeast and fission yeast, and members of this complex are conserved in higher eukaryotes.
97345 mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization P The process by which the mitochondrial outer membrane becomes permeable to the passing of proteins and other molecules from the intermembrane space to the cytosol as part of the apoptotic signaling pathway.
97346 INO80-type complex C A chromatin remodeling protein complex initially purified from S. cerevisiae and containing more than 10 subunits, including the SWR1-related complexes. INO80 (inositol requiring 80)-type complexes have diverse functions, including promoting transcriptional activation and DNA repair.
97347 TAM protein secretion complex C A heterooligomeric protein complex that spans the bacterial periplasm and enables the secretion of adhesin proteins in Gram-negative bacteria. In Citrobacter rodentium, Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli, the TAM complex consists of an Omp85-family protein, TamA, in the outer membrane and TamB in the inner membrane.
97348 host cell endocytic vesicle membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a host cell endocytic vesicle.
97350 neutrophil clearance P The selective elimination of senescent neutrophils from the body by autoregulatory mechanisms.
97351 toxin-antitoxin pair type II binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a toxic protein, disabling its function. There may be more than one antitoxin to a toxic protein. Instances of this activity are known only in prokaryotes, where the toxic protein may be a ribonuclease, a DNA gyrase, or other.
97352 autophagosome maturation P The process in which autophagosomes, double-membraned vacuoles containing cytoplasmic material fuse with a vacuole (yeast) or lysosome (e.g. mammals and insects). In the case of yeast, inner membrane-bounded structures (autophagic bodies) appear in the vacuole. Fusion provides an acidic environment and digestive function to the interior of the autophagosome.
97353 centrolateral pattern formation P The regionalization process in which the areas along the centrolateral axis are established that will lead to differences in cell differentiation, or in which cells interpret a specific environment.
97354 prenylation P The covalent attachment of a prenyl group to a molecule; geranyl, farnesyl, or geranylgeranyl groups may be added.
97355 protein localization to heterochromatin P Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a part of a chromosome that is organized into heterochromatin.
97356 perinucleolar compartment C The perinucleolar compartment (PNC) is a subnuclear structure associated with, but structurally distinct from, the nucleolus. The PNC contains large amounts of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex (hnRNP) called hnRNP 1 (PTB). Many RNA binding proteins as well as RNA polymerase III transcripts are highly enriched in this compartment. PTB and pol III transcripts are required for the integrity of the PNC.
97357 myo-inositol import into cell P The directed movement of myo-inositol from outside of a cell into the intracellular region of a cell.
97358 D-leucyl-tRNA(Leu) deacylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-leucyl-tRNA(Leu) = D-leucine + tRNA(Leu). Hydrolysis of the removal of D-leucine from residues in charged tRNA(Leu).
97359 UDP-glucosylation P The covalent attachment of a UDP-glucose residue to a substrate molecule.
97360 chorionic trophoblast cell proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of chorionic trophoblast cells, resulting in the expansion of their population.
97361 CIA complex C The cytosolic iron-sulfur protein assembly (CIA) complex mediates the incorporation of iron-sulfur clusters into apoproteins involved in DNA metabolism and genomic integrity.
97362 MCM8-MCM9 complex C A hexameric protein complex composed of MCM8 and MCM9 and involved in homologous recombination repair following DNA interstrand cross-links.
97363 protein O-GlcNAc transferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [protein]-L-serine = UDP + [protein]-3-O-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-serine, or UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [protein]-L-threonine = UDP + [protein]-3-O-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-threonine.
97364 stretch-activated, cation-selective, calcium channel activity involved in regulation of action potential F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens in response to a mechanical stress in the form of stretching, and contributing to the regulation of action potential.
97365 stretch-activated, cation-selective, calcium channel activity involved in regulation of cardiac muscle cell action potential F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens in response to a mechanical stress in the form of stretching, and contributing to the regulation of action potential in a cardiac muscle cell.
97366 response to bronchodilator P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bronchodilator stimulus. A bronchodilator is a chemical that causes an increase in the expansion of a bronchus or bronchial tubes.
97367 carbohydrate derivative binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a carbohydrate derivative.
97368 establishment of Sertoli cell barrier P Establishment of a structure near the basement membrane in adjacent Sertoli cells of the seminiferous epithelium for maintaining spermatogenesis. The structure consists of tight junctions, basal ectoplasmic specializations, and desmosome-like junctions.
97369 sodium ion import P The directed movement of sodium ions into a cell or organelle.
97370 protein O-GlcNAcylation via threonine P The glycosylation of a protein by addition of N-acetylglucosamine via the O3 atom of peptidyl-threonine, forming O3-N-acetylglucosamine-L-threonine.
97371 MDM2/MDM4 family protein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any isoform of the MDM2/MDM4 protein family, comprising negative regulators of p53.
97372 NAD-dependent histone deacetylase activity (H3-K18 specific) F Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 18) + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine (position 18) + acetate. This reaction requires the presence of NAD, and represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 18 of the histone H3 protein.
97373 MCM core complex C A protein complex that contains Mcm4, Mcm6, and Mcm7 proteins, and possesses DNA helicase activity. In the heterohexameric MCM complex, the Mcm4/6/7 proteins form a stable core, and Mcm2, Mcm3, and Mcm5 are more peripherally associated.
97374 sensory neuron axon guidance P The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a sensory neuron is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. A sensory neuron is an afferent neuron conveying sensory impulses.
97375 spinal sensory neuron axon guidance P The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a spinal sensory neuron is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. A spinal sensory neuron is a sensory neuron that project to the spinal cord.
97376 interneuron axon guidance P The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of an interneuron is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. An interneuron is any neuron which is not motor or sensory. Interneurons may also refer to neurons whose axons remain within a particular brain region, as contrasted with projection neurons which have axons projecting to other brain regions.
97377 spinal cord interneuron axon guidance P The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a spinal cord interneuron is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. A spinal cord interneuron is a CNS interneuron located in the spinal cord.
97378 dorsal spinal cord interneuron axon guidance P The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a dorsal spinal cord interneuron is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. A dorsal spinal cord interneuron is an interneuron located in the dorsal part of the spinal cord.
97379 dorsal spinal cord interneuron posterior axon guidance P The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a dorsal spinal cord interneuron is directed to a specific target site in the posterior direction along the anterior-posterior body axis in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism.
97380 dorsal spinal cord interneuron anterior axon guidance P The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a dorsal spinal cord interneuron is directed to a specific target site in the anterior direction along the anterior-posterior body axis in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism.
97381 photoreceptor disc membrane C Ovally-shaped membranous stack located inside the photoreceptor outer segment, and containing densely packed molecules of the photoreceptor protein rhodopsin that traverse the lipid bilayer. Disc membranes are apparently derived from the plasma membrane in the region of the cilium that connects the photoreceptor outer segment to the inner segment.
97382 deoxynucleoside-diphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a deoxynucleoside diphosphate + H2O = a deoxynucleotide + phosphate.
97383 dIDP diphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dIDP + H2O = dIMP + phosphate.
97384 cellular lipid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids, as carried out by individual cells.
97385 programmed necrotic cell death in response to starvation P A programmed necrotic cell death occurring as a result of a starvation stimulus (deprivation of nourishment).
97386 glial cell projection C A prolongation or process extending from a glial cell.
97387 capitate projection C Simple or compound process of epithelial glial cells with a spherical head that inserts into photoreceptor axons. Capitate projections have only been observed in Brachycera (flies).
97388 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19 production P The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19 (CCL19) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
97389 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21 production P The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21 (CCL21) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
97390 chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 production P The appearance of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
97391 chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13 production P The appearance of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13 (CXCL13) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
97392 chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 16 production P The appearance of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 16 (CXCL16) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
97393 telomeric repeat-containing RNA transcription P The synthesis of telomeric repeat-containing RNA from a DNA template. A telomere is a complex of DNA and proteins that seals the end of a chromosome.
97394 telomeric repeat-containing RNA transcription from RNA pol II promoter P The synthesis of telomeric repeat-containing RNA from a DNA template by RNA Polymerase II (Pol II), originating at a Pol II promoter.
97395 response to interleukin-32 P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-32 stimulus.
97396 response to interleukin-17 P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-17 stimulus.
97397 cellular response to interleukin-32 P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-32 stimulus.
97398 cellular response to interleukin-17 P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-17 stimulus.
97399 interleukin-32-mediated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-32 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
97400 interleukin-17-mediated signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-17 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
97401 synaptic vesicle lumen acidification P The acidification of the synaptic vesicle lumen via transport of protons into the vesicle. The resulting electrochemical gradient powers neurotransmitter loading.
97402 neuroblast migration P The orderly movement of a neuroblast from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism or multicellular structure. A neuroblast is any cell that will divide and give rise to a neuron.
97403 cellular response to raffinose P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a raffinose stimulus.
97404 succinate import into cell P The directed movement of succinate from outside of a cell into the cytoplasmic compartment. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis.
97405 malate import into cell P The directed movement of malate from outside of a cell into the intracellular region of a cell.
97406 malonic acid import into cell P The directed movement of malonic acid from outside of a cell into the cytoplasmic compartment. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis.
97407 Bunina body C Small granular inclusions (about 1-3 microns in diameter) found in the anterior horn cells, and appearing either singly or in a group. Sometimes they are arranged in small beaded chains. Bunina bodies express cystatin C and consist of electron-dense amorphous material that contains tubules or vesicular structures. The amorphous material frequently includes a cytoplasmic island containing neurofilaments and other micro-organelles.
97408 fibrillary inclusion C Cellular inclusion consisting of circular areas filled with fine slender filaments about 10 nanometers in diameter, delimited by a wall of varying complexity (either a single continuous membrane or a tubular network consisting of a fine filamentous material giving the wall a honeycomb appearance). Fibrillary inclusions are found in the cytoplasm of giant cells of Dieters in the lateral vestibular nucleus of the rat; similar structures have been described in the ventral cochlear nucleus, spinal cord, and substantia nigra.
97409 glial cytoplasmic inclusion C Non-membrane-bound cytoplasmic inclusions composed of 10-40 nm granule-coated fibrils. These inclusions have an abnormal accumulation of alpha-synuclein protein and are found in association with multiple system atrophy.
97410 hippocampal interneuron differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hippocampal interneuron.
97411 hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF1) in response to lowered oxygen levels (hypoxia). Under hypoxic conditions, the oxygen-sensitive alpha-subunit of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 dimerizes with a HIF1-beta subunit (also called ARNT or aryl-hydrocarbon-receptor nuclear translocator), translocates to the nucleus and activates transcription of genes whose products participate in responding to hypoxia.
97412 hyaline inclusion C A glass-like, pale intracellular inclusion.
97413 Lewy body C Cytoplasmic, spherical inclusion commonly found in damaged neurons, and composed of abnormally phosphorylated, neurofilament proteins aggregated with ubiquitin and alpha-synuclein.
97414 classical Lewy body C Cytoplasmic inclusion, 5 to 15 micrometers in diameter, with a dense core surrounded by a halo of 10 to 20 nm wide radially oriented alpha-synuclein fibrils.
97415 cortical Lewy body C Cytoplasmic inclusion similar to a classical Lewy body but lacking a halo of protein fibrils.
97416 Lewy body-like hyaline inclusion C Cytoplasmic inclusion found in neurons. It consists of filaments and granular materials, exhibits a dense core with a rough peripheral halo and lacks a limiting membrane. The filaments of these inclusions are composed of approximately 15-25 nm granule-coated fibrils in association with normal 10-nm neurofilaments.
97417 nematosome C Cytoplasmic, ball-like inclusion resembling a nucleolus and consisting of a convoluted network of electron-opaque strands embedded in a less dense matrix. It measures approximately 0.9 microns and lacks a limiting membrane. Its strands (diameter = 400-600 A) appear to be made of an entanglement of tightly packed filaments and particles approximately 25-50 A thick. Cytochemical studies suggest the presence of nonhistone proteins and some RNA. Usually only one such structure is present in a cell, and it appears to occur in most ganglion cells. Although they can be seen anywhere in the cell body, nematosomes are typically located in the perinuclear cytoplasm, where they are often associated with smooth-surfaced and coated vesicles.
97418 neurofibrillary tangle C Intracellular mass of paired, helically wound protein filaments (also called PHF) lying in the cytoplasm of neuronal cell bodies and neuritic cell processes. Neurofibrillary tangles contain an abnormally phosphorylated form of a microtubule-associated protein, tau. The shape of these inclusions may resemble a flame or a star.
97419 Pick body C Cellular inclusion composed of numerous tau fibrils arranged in a disorderly array. Tau protein is a major component, though Pick bodies also contain ubiquitin, alpha-synuclein, and apolipoprotein E.
97420 skein-like inclusion C Intracytoplasmic filamentous structure frequently encountered in preparations immunostained for ubiquitin.
97421 liver regeneration P The regrowth of lost or destroyed liver.
97422 tubular endosome C A network of fine tubules in the vicinity of the Golgi complex and around the centriole.
97423 mitochondrion-associated adherens complex C An organelle arrangement comprised of the following elements: a mitochondrion positioned near the presynaptic membrane; an electron-dense mitochondrial plaque adjacent to the outer mitochondrial membrane that faces the presynaptic membrane; filament-like elements appearing to link the mitochondrial plaque to a cell-cell junction region (sometimes termed punctum adherens); tubular or vesicular-appearing membrane (also called vesicular chain) interposed among the filaments. Mitochondrion-associated adherens complexes were initially described in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. They are found in calyces and other large terminals of the auditory brainstem, and in a variety of mammalian species including humans.
97424 nucleolus-associated heterochromatin C Dense particles of heterochromatin, consisting of a loosely twisted strand about 600 Angstrom thick, found associated with the nucleolus.
97425 smooth endoplasmic reticulum part C Any constituent part of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (also called smooth ER, or SER).
97426 glial filament C An intermediate filament composed of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and found in astrocytes.
97427 microtubule bundle C An arrangement of closely apposed microtubules running parallel to each other.
97428 protein maturation by iron-sulfur cluster transfer P The transfer of an assembled iron-sulfur cluster from a scaffold protein to an acceptor protein that contributes to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein.
97429 amino acid ligation activity by nonribosomal peptide synthase F Catalysis of the ligation of an amino acid to another amino acid via a carbon-nitrogen bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate, carried out by a nonribosomal peptide synthase.
97430 copper ion import into ascospore-type prospore P The directed movement of copper ions into an ascospore-type prospore.
97431 mitotic spindle pole C Either of the ends of a mitotic spindle, a spindle that forms as part of mitosis, where spindle microtubules are organized; usually contains a microtubule organizing center and accessory molecules, spindle microtubules and astral microtubules.
97432 hippocampal pyramidal neuron differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hippocampal pyramidal neuron, a pyramidal cell of the hippocampus.
97433 dense body C An electron dense body which may contain granules.
97434 succinate:proton symporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: succinate(out) + H+(out) = succinate(in) + H+(in).
97435 supramolecular fiber organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a supramolecular fiber, a polymer consisting of an indefinite number of protein or protein complex subunits that have polymerised to form a fiber-shaped structure.
97436 entry into dormancy P The dormancy process that results in entry into dormancy. Dormancy (sometimes called a dormant state) is a suspension of most physiological activity and growth that can be reactivated.
97437 maintenance of dormancy P The dormancy process that results in an organism remaining in dormancy. Dormancy (sometimes called a dormant state) is a suspension of most physiological activity and growth that can be reactivated.
97438 exit from dormancy P The dormancy process that results in exit from dormancy. Dormancy (sometimes called a dormant state) is a suspension of most physiological activity and growth that can be reactivated.
97439 acquisition of desiccation tolerance P The process in which tolerance to severe drying is acquired, before entering into a dry, either dormant or quiescent state.
97440 apical dendrite C A dendrite that emerges near the apical pole of a neuron. In bipolar neurons, apical dendrites are located on the opposite side of the soma from the axon.
97441 basilar dendrite C A dendrite that emerges near the basal pole of a neuron. In bipolar neurons, basal dendrites are either on the same side of the soma as the axon, or project toward the axon.
97442 CA3 pyramidal cell dendrite C A dendrite of a hippocampal CA3 pyramidal cell.
97443 sorting endosome C A multivesicular body surrounded by and connected with multiple tubular compartments with associated vesicles.
97444 spine apparatus C A specialization of the endomembrane system found in some classes of dendritic spines consisting of two or more closely apposed lamellae with interspersed electron dense material. The endomembrane component is continuous with the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
97445 presynaptic active zone dense projection C Electron dense projection extending from the cytomatrix into the cytoplasm on which synaptic vesicles are tethered.
97446 protein localization to eisosome filament P A process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location in a eisosome filament (also called linear eisosome), a filamentous cortical structure formed, in S. pombe, by the eisosome component Pil1.
97447 dendritic tree C The entire complement of dendrites for a neuron, consisting of each primary dendrite and all its branches.
97448 spine mat C A configuration of neuron spines found on ciliary ganglion neurons in the embryonic and adult brain consisting of patches of closely spaced spines lying flat against the soma.
97449 astrocyte projection C A prolongation or process extending from the soma of an astrocyte and wrapping around neurons.
97450 astrocyte end-foot C Terminal process of astrocyte abutting non-neuronal surfaces in the brain.
97451 glial limiting end-foot C Terminal process of astrocyte that extends to the surface of the central nervous system. Together, glial limiting end-feet form the glial limiting membrane or glia limitans.
97452 GAIT complex C A protein complex which mediates interferon-gamma-induced transcript-selective translation inhibition in inflammation processes. The complex binds to stem loop-containing GAIT elements in the 3'-UTR of diverse inflammatory mRNAs and suppresses their translation by blocking the recruitment of the 43S ribosomal complex to m7G cap-bound eIF4G. In humans it includes RPL13A, EPRS, SYNCRIP and GAPDH; mouse complexes lack SYNCRIP.
97453 mesaxon C Portion of the ensheathing process (either myelin or non-myelin) where the enveloping lips of the ensheathing cell come together so that their apposed plasma membranes run parallel to each other, separated by a cleft 12 nm wide.
97454 Schwann cell microvillus C Small finger-like extension of a Schwann cell that contacts the nodal membrane.
97455 spiny bracelet of Nageotte C Paranodal terminations of Schwann cells that do not directly contact the paranodal axon membrane. Usually found in thicker myelin.
97456 terminal loop C Portion of myelin-forming Schwann cell consisting of terminal cytoplasmic extensions adhered to the axon at the beginning and end of the myelin sheath.
97457 hippocampal mossy fiber C Axon of dentate gyrus granule cell projecting to hippocampal area CA3, characterized by expansions (mossy fiber expansions) giving the fibers a mossy appearance. These unmyelinated axons were first described by Ramon y Cajal.
97458 neuron part C Any constituent part of a neuron, the basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. A typical neuron consists of a cell body (often called the soma), an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system.
97459 iron ion import into cell P The directed movement of iron ions from outside of a cell into the cytoplasmic compartment. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis.
97460 ferrous iron import into cell P The directed movement of ferrous iron (Fe(II) or Fe2+) ions from outside of a cell into the cytoplasmic compartment. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis.
97461 ferric iron import into cell P The directed movement of ferric iron (Fe(III) or Fe3+) ions from outside of a cell into the cytoplasmic compartment. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis.
97462 Lewy neurite C Elongated neuronal process, often with side branches and more than one branching point, described in brains of patients with Parkinson's disease. Lewy neurites stain positively for ubiquitin in brainstem and forebrain regions affected in Parkinson's disease.
97463 gemmule C Spine-like process found on some neurons, e.g., periglomerular cells of olfactory cortex.
97464 thorny excrescence C Large complex spine protruding from a dendrite. Each excrescence is formed by a cluster of spine heads.
97465 somatic spine C Spine emanating from the cell soma of a neuron.
97466 glycoprotein ERAD pathway P An ERAD pathway whereby endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident glycoproteins are targeted for degradation. Includes differential processing of the glycoprotein sugar chains, retrotranslocation to the cytosol and degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. A glycoprotein is a compound in which a carbohydrate component is covalently bound to a protein component.
97467 type III terminal bouton C Terminal inflated portion of the axon of a non-glutamatergic neuron, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters at a regulatory synapse. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal bouton is a specialized region of it. Type III terminal boutons are larger than type II ones.
97468 programmed cell death in response to reactive oxygen species P Cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes and occurring as a result of a reactive oxygen species stimulus. Reactive oxygen species include singlet oxygen, superoxide, and oxygen free radicals.
97470 ribbon synapse C Type of synapse characterized by an electron-dense ribbon, lamella (bar) or spherical body in the presynaptic process cytoplasm.
97471 mossy fiber rosette C A synapse of a mossy fiber onto the dendrite of a granule cell; each mossy fiber can have up to 50 rosettes.
97472 cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity F Catalysis of the phosphorylation of an amino acid residue in a protein, usually according to the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP. This reaction requires the binding of a regulatory cyclin subunit and full activity requires stimulatory phosphorylation by a CDK-activating kinase (CAK).
97473 retinal rod cell apoptotic process P Any apoptotic process in a retinal rod cell, one of the two photoreceptor cell types of the vertebrate retina.
97474 retinal cone cell apoptotic process P Any apoptotic process in a retinal cone cell, one of the two photoreceptor cell types of the vertebrate retina.
97475 motor neuron migration P The orderly movement of a motor neuron from one site to another. A motor neuron is an efferent neuron that passes from the central nervous system or a ganglion toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes movement.
97476 spinal cord motor neuron migration P The orderly movement of a spinal cord motor neuron from one site to another. A spinal cord motor neuron is a motor neuron that passes from the spinal cord toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes movement.
97477 lateral motor column neuron migration P The orderly movement of a lateral motor column neuron from one site to another. A lateral motor column neuron is a motor neuron that is generated only on limb levels and send axons into the limb mesenchyme.
97478 leaflet of membrane bilayer C Any of the two layers of lipid molecules that constitute a membrane.
97479 synaptic vesicle localization P Any process in which a synaptic vesicle or vesicles are transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location.
97480 establishment of synaptic vesicle localization P The directed movement of a synaptic vesicle or vesicles to a specific location.
97482 muscle cell postsynaptic density C A postsynaptic specialization that is part of a neuromuscular junction.
97484 dendrite extension P Long distance growth of a single dendrite involved in cellular development.
97485 neuron projection guidance P The process in which the migration of a neuron projection is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
97486 multivesicular body lumen C The volume enclosed by the outermost membrane of a multivesicular body.
97487 multivesicular body, internal vesicle C A membrane-bounded vesicle wholly contained within a multivesicular body.
97488 multivesicular body, internal vesicle membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a multivesicular body internal vesicle.
97489 multivesicular body, internal vesicle lumen C The volume enclosed by the membrane of the multivesicular body internal vesicle.
97490 sympathetic neuron projection extension P Long distance growth of a single sympathetic neuron projection involved in cellular development. A neuron projection is a prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite.
97491 sympathetic neuron projection guidance P The process in which the migration of a sympathetic neuron projection is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
97492 sympathetic neuron axon guidance P The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of a sympathetic neuron axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
97493 structural molecule activity conferring elasticity F The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a complex or assembly within or outside a cell, providing elasticity and recoiling.
97494 regulation of vesicle size P Any process that modulates the size of a vesicle.
97495 H-NS-Hha complex C A trimeric protein complex made up of an H-NS homodimer and an Hha monomer. In Enterobacteriaceae, this complex negatively regulates transcription of a range of genes.
97496 blood vessel lumen ensheathment P A blood vessel lumenization process that occurs by blood vessel endothelial cells delaminating and aligning along the inner surface of an existing luminal space, extending the open ended lumen, and joining to other blood vessels to form a complete blood vessel.
97497 blood vessel endothelial cell delamination P The process of negative regulation of cell adhesion that results in blood vessel endothelial cells splitting off from an existing endothelial sheet.
97498 endothelial tube lumen extension P Any endothelial tube morphogenesis process by which the tube is increased in length.
97499 protein localization to non-motile cilium P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a non-motile cilium.
97500 receptor localization to non-motile cilium P A process in which a receptor is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a non-motile cilium.
97501 stress response to metal ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis caused by a metal ion stimulus.
97502 mannosylation P The covalent attachment of a mannose residue to a substrate molecule.
97503 sialylation P The covalent attachment of sialic acid to a substrate molecule.
97504 Gemini of coiled bodies C Nuclear bodies frequently found near or associated with Cajal bodies (also called coiled bodies or CBs). Gemini of coiled bodies, or 'gems', are similar in size and shape to CBs, and often indistinguishable under the microscope. Unlike CBs, gems do not contain small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs); they contain a protein called survivor of motor neurons (SMN) whose function relates to snRNP biogenesis. Gems are believed to assist CBs in snRNP biogenesis, and to play a role in the etiology of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA).
97505 Rad6-Rad18 complex C A ubiquitin ligase complex found to be involved in post-replicative bypass of UV-damaged DNA and UV mutagenesis. In S. cerevisiae, the complex contains the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme Rad6 and Rad18, a protein containing a RING finger motif and a nucleotide binding motif. The yeast Rad6-Rad18 heterodimer has ubiquitin conjugating activity, binds single-stranded DNA, and possesses single-stranded DNA-dependent ATPase activity.
97506 deaminated base DNA N-glycosylase activity F DNA N-glycosylase activity acting on deaminated bases.
97507 hypoxanthine DNA N-glycosylase activity F DNA N-glycosylase activity acting on deaminated adenine (hypoxanthine).
97508 xanthine DNA N-glycosylase activity F DNA N-glycosylase activity acting on deaminated guanine (xanthine).
97509 oxanine DNA N-glycosylase activity F DNA N-glycosylase activity acting on deaminated guanine where the resulting base (oxanine) is generated by NO- or HNO2-induced nitrosative deamination.
97510 base-excision repair, AP site formation via deaminated base removal P A base-excision repair, AP site formation process occurring via excision of a deaminated base.
97511 dendritic cell dendrite C A branched cellular projection (or cytoplasmic extension) that is extended from the surface of a dendritic immune cell, and which enables the cell to sample luminal pathogens and increase the surface area for antigen presentation to T cells.
97512 cardiac myofibril C A cardiac myofibril is a myofibril specific to cardiac muscle cells.
97513 myosin II filament C A bipolar filament composed of myosin II molecules.
97514 sexual spore wall C A specialized envelope lying outside the cell membrane of a spore derived from a product of meiosis.
97515 asexual spore wall C A specialized envelope lying outside the cell membrane of a spore derived from an asexual process. Examples of this process are found in bacterial and fungal species.
97516 microvillar actin bundle C A parallel bundle of actin filaments at the core of a microvillus.
97517 contractile actin filament bundle C An actin filament bundle in which the filaments are loosely packed (approximately 30-60 nm apart) and arranged with opposing polarities; the loose packing allows myosin (usually myosin-II) to enter the bundle.
97518 parallel actin filament bundle C An actin filament bundle in which the filaments are tightly packed (approximately 10-20 nm apart) and oriented with the same polarity.
97519 DNA recombinase complex C A protein-DNA complex consisting of a higher-order oligomer of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) on single-stranded DNA.
97520 nucleotide-excision repair, preincision complex C A multiprotein complex involved in damage recognition, DNA helix unwinding, and endonucleolytic cleavage at the site of DNA damage.
97522 protein-DNA ISRE complex C A protein-DNA complex formed through interaction of the protein(s) with an interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) in the DNA.
97523 transcription ternary complex C A protein-DNA-RNA complex composed of RNA polymerase, template DNA, and an RNA transcript.
97524 sperm plasma membrane C A plasma membrane that is part of a sperm cell.
97525 spliceosomal snRNP complex C A ribonucleoprotein complex involved in formation of the spliceosome and composed of one or more snRNA and multiple protein components.
97526 spliceosomal tri-snRNP complex C A spliceosomal snRNP complex containing U4 and U6 (or U4atac and U6atac) snRNAs and U5 snRNAs and associated proteins.
97527 necroptotic signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals which triggers the necroptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of a signal, is characterized by activation of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 and/or 3 (RIPK1/3, also called RIP1/3), and ends when the execution phase of necroptosis is triggered.
97528 execution phase of necroptosis P A stage of the necroptotic process that starts after a necroptotic signal has been relayed to the execution machinery. Key steps of the execution phase are swelling of organelles, minor ultrastructural modifications of the nucleus (specifically, dilatation of the nuclear membrane and condensation of chromatin into small, irregular, circumscribed patches) and increased cell volume (oncosis), culminating in the disruption of the plasma membrane and subsequent loss of intracellular contents. The execution phase ends when the cell has died.
97529 myeloid leukocyte migration P The movement of a myeloid leukocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body.
97530 granulocyte migration P The movement of a granulocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body.
97531 mast cell migration P The movement of a mast cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.
97532 stress response to acid chemical P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis caused by the chemical structure of the anion portion of a dissociated acid (rather than the acid acting as a proton donor). The acid chemical may be in gaseous, liquid or solid form.
97533 cellular stress response to acid chemical P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in cellular homeostasis caused by the chemical structure of the anion portion of a dissociated acid (rather than the acid acting as a proton donor). The acid chemical may be in gaseous, liquid or solid form.
97534 lymphoid lineage cell migration P The orderly movement of a lymphoid lineage cell from one site to another. A lymphoid lineage cell, also called a lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell, is a progenitor cell restricted to the lymphoid lineage.
97535 lymphoid lineage cell migration into thymus P The movement of a lymphoid lineage cell (also called a lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell) into the thymus. Lymphoid lineage cells enter and exit the thymus several times as part of this process.
97536 thymus epithelium morphogenesis P The process in which the thymus epithelium is generated and organized.
97537 Y-shaped link C A Y-shaped protein complex in the ciliary transition zone that connects the cilium axoneme to the ciliary necklace. Both protein sorting and protein gating occur at this point in the cilium allowing some, but not all proteins to enter the cilium.
97538 ciliary necklace C A protein complex located on the cilium membrane in the ciliary transition zone; it is connected to the cilium axoneme via Y-shaped links.
97539 ciliary transition fiber C A nine-bladed, propeller-like protein complex that links the distal end of the basal body and the cilium to the plasma membrane. Functions in protein sorting and gating (i.e. active and passive transport of proteins in and out of the cilium).
97540 axonemal central pair C Part of the axoneme consisting of the inner two microtubule doublets of the 9+2 axoneme occurring in most motile cilia.
97541 axonemal basal plate C Part of the axoneme consisting of a highly electron-dense region at the distal end of the ciliary transition zone within the axonemal lumen at which the axonemal central pair of microtubules is connected to the rest of the axonemal structure.
97542 ciliary tip C Part of the cilium where the axoneme ends. The ciliary tip has been implicated in ciliary assembly and disassembly, as well as signal transduction.
97543 ciliary inversin compartment C Proximal part of the ciliary shaft to which the inversin protein (also called Inv) specifically localizes. The inversin compartment appears to have a different protein composition than the rest of the cilium, although there is no structure that separates it form the distal part of the cilium.
97544 ciliary shaft C The mid part of a cilium between the ciliary base and ciliary tip that extends into the extracellular space.
97545 axonemal outer doublet C Part of an axoneme consisting in a doublet microtubule. Nine of these outer doublets form the 9+0 axoneme, while the 9+2 axoneme also contains a central pair. Dynein arms attached to the doublets provide the mechanism of movement of the cilium.
97546 ciliary base C Area of the cilium (also called flagellum) where the basal body and the axoneme are anchored to the plasma membrane. The ciliary base encompasses the distal part of the basal body, transition fibers and transition zone and is structurally and functionally very distinct from the rest of the cilium. In this area proteins are sorted and filtered before entering the cilium, and many ciliary proteins localize specifically to this area.
97547 synaptic vesicle protein transport vesicle C A cytoplasmic vesicle composed of both tubulovesicular and clear core vesicles that transport synaptic vesicle-associated proteins. Proteins carried by synaptic vesicle protein transport vesicles (STVs) include synaptophysin, synapsin Ia, synaptotagmin and synaptobrevin/vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2). STVs are packaged via the trans-Golgi network before being transported through the axon.
97548 seed abscission P The controlled shedding of a seed.
97549 chromatin organization involved in negative regulation of transcription P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription by chromatin organization.
97550 transcriptional preinitiation complex C A protein-DNA complex composed of proteins binding promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription.
97551 mitochondrial double-strand break repair P The repair of double-strand breaks in mitochondrial DNA via homologous and nonhomologous mechanisms to reform a continuous DNA helix.
97552 mitochondrial double-strand break repair via homologous recombination P The repair of a double-strand break in mitochondrial DNA in which the broken DNA molecule is repaired using homologous sequences.
97553 calcium ion transmembrane import into cytosol P A process in which a calcium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other into the cytosol by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
97554 left anterior flagellum C A cilium (also called flagellum) found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage). It originates at the left anterior basal body, extends laterally through the cytoplasm, crosses the right anterior axoneme, and exits as a membrane-bound flagellum on the anterior left side of the cell.
97555 right anterior flagellum C A cilium (also called flagellum) found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage). It originates at the right anterior basal body, extends laterally through the cytoplasm, crosses the left anterior axoneme, and exits as a membrane-bound flagellum on the anterior right side of the cell.
97556 left posteriolateral flagellum C A cilium (also called flagellum) found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage). It is nucleated by the left posteriolateral basal body and extends cytoplasmically toward the cell posterior, marking the left anterior boundary of the lateral shield and the left lateral region of the funis before exiting at the left lateral region of the cell body.
97557 right posteriolateral flagellum C A cilium (also called flagellum) found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage). It is nucleated by the right posteriolateral basal body and extends cytoplasmically toward the cell posterior, marking the right anterior boundary of the lateral shield and the right lateral region of the funis before exiting at the right lateral region of the cell body.
97558 left ventral flagellum C A cilium (also called flagellum) found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage). It is nucleated by the left ventral basal body and exits the cell body proximally and dorsal to the ventral disc.
97559 right ventral flagellum C A cilium (also called flagellum) found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage). It is nucleated by the right ventral basal body and exits the cell body proximally and dorsal to the ventral disc.
97560 left caudal flagellum C A cilium (also called flagellum) found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage). It is nucleated by the left caudal basal body, extending cytoplasmically and exiting at the posterior end of the cell body.
97561 right caudal flagellum C A cilium (also called flagellum) found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage). It is nucleated by the right caudal basal body, extending cytoplasmically and exiting at the posterior end of the cell body.
97562 left lateral basal body pair C Set of two basal bodies found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage). It comprises the anterior and ventral basal bodies located to the right of the left nucleus of the trophozoite when viewed dorsally.
97563 left middle basal body pair C Set of two basal bodies found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage). It comprises the caudal and posteriolateral basal bodies located to the right of the left nucleus of the trophozoite when viewed dorsally.
97564 right lateral basal body pair C Set of two basal bodies found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage). It comprises the anterior and ventral basal bodies located to the left of the right nucleus of the trophozoite when viewed dorsally.
97565 right middle basal body pair C Set of two basal bodies found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage). It comprises the caudal and posteriolateral basal bodies located to the left of the right nucleus of the trophozoite when viewed dorsally.
97566 left tetrad C Set of four basal bodies found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage). It comprises the left lateral basal body pair and the left middle basal body pair (i.e. the anterior, ventral, caudal and posteriolateral basal bodies located to the right of the left nucleus of the trophozoite when viewed dorsally).
97567 right tetrad C Set of four basal bodies found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage). It comprises the right lateral basal body pair and the right middle basal body pair (i.e. the anterior, ventral, caudal and posteriolateral basal bodies located to the left of the right nucleus of the trophozoite when viewed dorsally).
97568 median body C A non-membrane bound, semi-organized microtubule array of unknown function found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage). It is located on the dorsal side of the trophozoite, slightly posterior to the ventral disc.
97569 lateral shield C Region of the ventral side of the cell body found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage). It is located posterior on either side of the ventral groove; the upper boundary is the ventral disc, and the lower boundary is marked by the posteriolateral flagella.
97570 cyst wall C The specialized envelope lying outside the cell membrane of a cyst. A cyst is a resting or dormant stage of a microorganism, usually a bacterium or a protist or rarely an invertebrate animal, that helps the organism to survive in unfavorable environmental conditions. In protists such as protozoan parasites alternating cystic- and non-cystic stages, the cyst wall is usually composed of carbohydrates and proteins.
97571 left nucleus C One of the two nuclei found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage). It is located on the left side of the cell when viewed from the dorsal side.
97572 right nucleus C One of the two nuclei found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage). It is located on the right side of the cell when viewed from the dorsal side.
97573 glutathione oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: protein-S-S-glutathione + glutathione-SH = protein-SH + glutathione-S-S-glutathione.
97574 lateral part of cell C The region of a polarized cell other than its tips or ends (in some cell types, one end may be called the apex and the other the base). For example, in a polarized epithelial cell, the lateral part includes the cell sides which interface adjacent cells.
97575 lateral cell cortex C The region directly beneath the plasma membrane of the lateral portion of the cell.
97576 vacuole fusion P Merging of two or more vacuoles, or of vacuoles and vesicles within a cell to form a single larger vacuole.
97577 sequestering of iron ion P The process of binding or confining iron ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.
97578 sequestering of copper ion P The process of binding or confining copper ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.
97579 extracellular sequestering of copper ion P The process of binding or confining copper ions in an extracellular area such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.
97580 intracellular sequestering of copper ion P The process of binding or confining copper ions in an intracellular area such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.
97581 lamellipodium organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lamellipodium. A lamellipodium is a thin sheetlike process extended by the leading edge of a crawling fibroblast; contains a dense meshwork of actin filaments.
97582 dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase Pmt1p-Pmt2p dimer complex C A protein dimer complex that possesses dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase activity and, in S. cerevisiae, is composed of Pmt1p-Pmt2p.
97583 dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase Pmt1p-Pmt3p dimer complex C A protein dimer complex that possesses dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase activity and, in S. cerevisiae, is composed of Pmt1p-Pmt3p.
97584 dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase Pmt5p-Pmt2p dimer complex C A protein dimer complex that possesses dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase activity and, in S. cerevisiae, is composed of Pmt5p-Pmt2p.
97585 dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase Pmt5p-Pmt3p dimer complex C A protein dimer complex that possesses dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase activity and, in S. cerevisiae, is composed of Pmt5p-Pmt3p.
97586 dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase Pmt4p homodimer complex C A protein dimer complex that possesses dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase activity and, in S. cerevisiae, is composed of Pmt4p.
97587 MutLgamma complex C A heterodimer involved in the recognition of base-base and small insertion/deletion mismatches. In S. cerevisiae the complex consists of two subunits, Mlh1 and Mlh3.
97588 archaeal or bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility P Cell motility due to movement of bacterial- or archaeal-type flagella.
97589 archaeal-type flagellum C A non-membrane-bounded organelle superficially similar to a bacterial-type flagellum; they both consist of filaments extending outside the cell, and rotate to propel the cell, but the archaeal flagella (also called archaella) have a unique structure which lacks a central channel. Similar to bacterial type IV pilins, the archaeal flagellins (archaellins) are made with class 3 signal peptides and they are processed by a type IV prepilin peptidase-like enzyme. The archaellins are typically modified by the addition of N-linked glycans which are necessary for proper assembly and/or function.
97590 archaeal-type flagellum-dependent cell motility P Cell motility due to the motion of one or more archaeal-type flagella. An archaeal-type flagellum (also called archaellum) is a non-membrane-bounded organelle superficially similar to a bacterial-type flagellum, but having a different molecular structure and lacking a central channel.
97591 ventral disc lateral crest C Fibrillar repetitive structure surrounding the ventral disc edge in Giardia species (trophozoite stage). The composition of the lateral crest is not fully known yet.
97592 ventral disc overlap zone C A region of the ventral disc of Giardia species (trophozoite stage) where two portions of the same array of microtubules overlap (the microtubule array makes a complete circle and overlaps on itself).
97593 ventral disc microtubule array C A part of the ventral disc of Giardia species (trophozoite stage) consisting of a spiral array of microtubules linked to the ventral membrane. These microtubules form the base of the ventral disc dorsal microribbons that extend nearly perpendicular from the membrane.
97594 ventral disc dorsal microribbon C Trilaminar structure extending perpendicularly into the cytoplasm along the length of ventral disc microtubules in Giardia species (trophozoite stage). Constituents of dorsal microribbons (also called dorsal ribbons or microribbons) include alpha-coiled-helix proteins approximately 29 to 38 kDa in size. These proteins line the edges of the microribbons but are not found in microtubules. Tubulins are not found in microribbons.
97595 ventral disc crossbridge C Structure horizontally linking adjacent microribbons of the ventral disc in Giardia species (trophozoite stage). The composition of crossbridges is not fully known yet.
97596 ventral disc supernumerary microtubule array C A partial left-handed spiral array of microtubules that lies generally dorsal to the main ventral disc microtubule array in Giardia species (trophozoite stage).
97597 ventral disc C Specialized organelle found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage) and characterized by a spiral array of microtubules and microtubule-associated structures including dorsal microribbons and crossbridges. The edge of the ventral disc narrows into a lateral crest. The ventral disk mediates mechanical attachment of the trophozoite to the host's intestinal wall, and contains the contractile proteins actinin, alpha-actinin, myosin, and tropomyosin working towards contraction of the disk involved in adherence.
97598 sperm cytoplasmic droplet C A small amount of cytoplasm surrounded by a cell membrane that is generally retained in spermatozoa after spermiogenesis, when the majority of the cytoplasm is phagocytosed by Sertoli cells to produce "residual bodies". Initially, the droplet is located at the neck just behind the head of an elongated spermatid. During epididymal transit, the cytoplasmic droplet migrates caudally to the annulus at the end of the midpiece; the exact position and time varies by species. The cytoplasmic droplet consists of lipids, lipoproteins, RNAs, a variety of hydrolytic enzymes, receptors, ion channels, and Golgi-derived vesicles. The droplet may be involved in regulatory volume loss (RVD) at ejaculation, and in most species, though not in humans, the cytoplasmic droplet is lost at ejaculation. Note that the cytoplasmic droplet is distinct from "excessive residual cytoplasm" that sometimes remains in epididymal spermatozoa, particularly when spermiogenesis has been disrupted.
97599 xylanase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of xylans, homopolysaccharides composed of xylose residues.
97600 exoxylanase activity F A xylanase activity that acts on one of the ends of a xylan polymer which does not contain side chains.
97601 retina blood vessel maintenance P A retina homeostatic process preventing the degeneration of a retina blood vessel.
97602 cullin family protein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any member of the cullin family, hydrophobic proteins that act as scaffolds for ubiquitin ligases (E3).
97603 temperature-gated ion channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens in response to a temperature stimulus (e.g. exposure to a temperature range different than the optimal temperature for that organism).
97604 temperature-gated cation channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a channel that opens in response to a temperature stimulus (e.g. exposure to a temperature range different than the optimal temperature for that organism).
97605 regulation of nuclear envelope permeability P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by the nuclear envelope.
97606 positive regulation of nuclear envelope permeability P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by the nuclear envelope.
97607 negative regulation of nuclear envelope permeability P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by the nuclear envelope.
97608 transverse flagellum C A motile cilium found in dinoflagellates. It coils around the cell and provides the forward thrust for motility. It is often contained in a furrow called the cingulum, and emerges from a flagellar pore located in the cingulum.
97609 longitudinal flagellum C A motile cilium found in dinoflagellates. It trails the cell and acts as a steering rudder. It is often partially contained in a furrow called the sulcus, and emerges from a flagellar pore located in the sulcus.
97610 cell surface furrow C A furrow that may be found on the cell surface. Examples are the cleavage furrow observed during cytokinesis in animal cells, and the cingulum and sulcus found in some dinoflagellates.
97611 dinoflagellate cingulum C A cell surface furrow that wraps around a dinoflagellate cell; the transverse flagellum lies in it.
97612 dinoflagellate sulcus C A cell surface furrow that occurs on the ventral side of a dinoflagellate cell. It partially houses the longitudinal flagellum. The sulcus intersects with the cingulum on the ventral side of a dinoflagellate cell.
97613 dinoflagellate epicone C The part of a dinoflagellate cell above the cingulum; also referred to as the anterior portion of a dinoflagellate cell. It is separated from the hypocone by the cingulum.
97614 dinoflagellate hypocone C The part of a dinoflagellate cell below the cingulum; also referred to as the posterior portion of a dinoflagellate cell. It is separated from the epicone by the cingulum.
97615 modulation by host of symbiont type IV pilus-dependent motility P The process in which an organism effects a change in the type IV pilus-dependent motility of a symbiont organism (i.e. the controlled movement of a bacterial cell which is dependent on the presence of type IV pili, and which includes social gliding motility and twitching motility). The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
97616 positive regulation by host of symbiont type IV pilus-dependent motility P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the type IV pilus-dependent motility of a symbiont organism (i.e. the controlled movement of a bacterial cell which is dependent on the presence of type IV pili, and which includes social gliding motility and twitching motility). The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
97617 annealing activity F A nucleic acid binding activity that brings together complementary sequences of nucleic acids so that they pair by hydrogen bonds to form a double-stranded polynucleotide.
97618 dinoflagellate sulcal notch C A dinoflagellate sulcus that extends all the way to the posterior end of the cell (also known as antapex). The presence of a sulcal notch makes the dinoflagellate hypocone appear bilobed.
97619 PTEX complex C A protein complex that acts as a protein trafficking machinery and is responsible for the export of proteins across the parasitophorous (symbiont-containing) vacuolar membrane and into the human host cell. The PTEX complex is located in the vacuole membrane. It is ATP-powered, and comprises heat shock protein 101 (HSP101; a ClpA/B-like ATPase from the AAA+ superfamily, of a type commonly associated with protein translocons), a parasite protein termed PTEX150, and exported protein 2 (EXP2). EXP2 is the potential channel, as it is the membrane-associated component of the core PTEX complex. Two other proteins, PTEX88 and thioredoxin 2 (TRX2), were also identified as PTEX components.
97620 (R)-mandelate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetate + acceptor = phenylglyoxylate + reduced acceptor.
97621 monoamine oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: RCH2NHR' + H2O + O2 = RCHO + R'NH2 + H2O2.
97622 cytoplasmic translational elongation through polyproline stretches P The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain, proceeding through regions of multiple repeated proline codons, during protein biosynthesis in the cytoplasm.
97623 potassium ion export across plasma membrane P The directed movement of potassium ions from inside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region.
97624 UDP-galactose transmembrane import into Golgi lumen P The directed movement of UDP-galactose into the Golgi lumen across the Golgi membrane.
97625 low-affinity basic amino acid transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of basic amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Basic amino acids have a pH above 7. In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.
97626 low-affinity L-arginine transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of L-arginine from one side of a membrane to the other. In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.
97627 high-affinity L-ornithine transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of L-ornithine from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
97628 distal tip cell migration P The orderly movement of a distal tip cell.
97629 extrinsic component of omegasome membrane C The component of the omegasome membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
97630 intrinsic component of omegasome membrane C The component of the omegasome membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
97631 integral component of omegasome membrane C The component of the omegasome membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
97632 extrinsic component of pre-autophagosomal structure membrane C The component of the pre-autophagosomal structure membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
97633 intrinsic component of pre-autophagosomal structure membrane C The component of the pre-autophagosomal structure membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
97634 integral component of pre-autophagosomal structure membrane C The component of the pre-autophagosomal structure membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
97635 extrinsic component of autophagosome membrane C The component of the autophagosome membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
97636 intrinsic component of autophagosome membrane C The component of the autophagosome membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
97637 integral component of autophagosome membrane C The component of the autophagosome membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
97638 L-arginine import across plasma membrane P The directed movement of L-arginine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
97639 L-lysine import across plasma membrane P The directed movement of L-lysine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
97640 L-ornithine import across plasma membrane P The directed movement of L-ornithine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
97641 alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent xanthine dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate (alpha-ketoglutarate) + O2 + xanthine = CO2 + succinate + urate.
97642 calcitonin family receptor activity F Combining with any member of the calcitonin family (e.g. adrenomedullin, adrenomedullin 2 (intermedin), amylin, calcitonin and calcitonin gene-related peptides (CGRPs)) to initiate a change in cell activity.
97643 amylin receptor activity F Combining with amylin to initiate a change in cell activity.
97644 calcitonin family binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any member of the calcitonin family (e.g. adrenomedullin, adrenomedullin 2 (intermedin), amylin, calcitonin and calcitonin gene-related peptides (CGRPs)).
97645 amylin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with amylin.
97646 calcitonin family receptor signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular member of the calcitonin family (e.g. adrenomedullin, adrenomedullin 2 (intermedin), amylin, calcitonin and calcitonin gene-related peptides (CGRPs)) combining with a calcitonin family receptor on the surface of the target cell. Calcitonin family receptors may form dimers, trimers or tetramers; adrenomedullin and amylin receptors have only been observed as dimers so far.
97647 amylin receptor signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular amylin combining with a dimeric amylin receptor on the surface of the target cell.
97648 G-protein coupled receptor complex C A protein complex that contains G-protein coupled receptors.
97649 A axonemal microtubule C A complete microtubule with 13 protofilaments that fuses with an incomplete microtubule called B tubule (containing 10 protofilaments only) to form an axonemal outer doublet. Inner and outer dynein arms, as well as the radial spoke, are attached to the A tubule.
97650 B axonemal microtubule C An incomplete microtubule containing 10 protofilaments that fuses with a complete microtubule called A tubule (containing 13 protofilaments) to form an axonemal outer doublet.
97651 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class I C A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex that contains a catalytic and a regulatory subunit of a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) enzyme, plus one or more adaptor proteins. Class I PI3Ks phosphorylate phosphatidylinositol [PI], phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate [PI(4)P] and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], and are divided into subclasses A and B according to the type of adaptor subunit with which they associate. The class I PI3K subfamily of genes comprises members in vertebrates, worm and fly, but none in yeast.
97652 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class II C A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex that contains a catalytic subunit of a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) enzyme and one or more adaptor proteins. There is no known obligatory regulatory subunit. The class II PI3K (PI3KC2) subfamily of genes has members in vertebrates, worm and fly, but none in yeast.
97653 unencapsulated part of cell C The part of a cell encompassing the intracellular environment and the plasma membrane; it excludes any external encapsulating structures.
97654 platelet SNARE complex C A SNARE complex that is capable of fusing intracellular vesicles to the plasma membrane of platelets for exocytosis of alpha-granules or dense granules. Contains isoforms of VAMP, SNAP and syntaxin proteins. Ternary SNARE complexes interact in a circular array to form ring complexes or channels around the membrane fusion. A common composition in human is VAMP-8, SNAP-23 and syntaxin-2 or -4.
97655 serpin family protein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any member of the serpin protein family (serine protease inhibitors or classified inhibitor family I4). Serpins are a broadly distributed family of protease inhibitors that use a conformational change to inhibit target enzymes. They are central in controlling many important proteolytic cascades. The majority of serpins inhibit serine proteases, but serpins that inhibit caspases and papain-like cysteine proteases have also been identified. Rarely, serpins perform a non-inhibitory function; for example, several human serpins function as hormone transporters and certain serpins function as molecular chaperones or tumor suppressors.
97656 cell-cell self recognition P A cell-cell recognition process by which a cell distinguishes between self and non self during cooperative behavior, such as early development.
97657 3',5'-nucleotide bisphosphate phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3',5'-nucleotide bisphosphate + H20 = 5'-nucleotide monophosphate + phosphate.
97658 Asi complex C A nuclear ubiquitin ligase multiprotein complex located in the inner nuclear membrane (INM) that recognizes and ubiquitinates misfolded INM proteins and also some proteins involved in sterol biosynthesis, during ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). In S. cerevisiae, this complex contains the ubiquitin ligases Asi1p and Asi3p.
97659 nucleic acid-templated transcription P The cellular synthesis of RNA on a template of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA).
97660 SCF-Cdc4 ubiquitin ligase complex C An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is Cdc4 in S. cerevisiae.
97661 SCF-Ctf13 ubiquitin ligase complex C An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is Ctf13 in S. cerevisiae.
97662 SCF-Das1 ubiquitin ligase complex C An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is Das1 in S. cerevisiae.
97663 SCF-Dia2/Pof3 ubiquitin ligase complex C An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is Dia2 in S. cerevisiae (Pof3 in S. pombe).
97664 SCF-Grr1/Pof2 ubiquitin ligase complex C An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is Grr1 in S. cerevisiae (Pof2 in S. pombe).
97665 SCF-Mdm30 ubiquitin ligase complex C An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is Mdm30 in S. cerevisiae.
97666 SCF-Met30/Pof1 ubiquitin ligase complex C An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is Met30 in S. cerevisiae (Pof1 in S pombe).
97667 SCF-Rcy1/Pof6 ubiquitin ligase complex C An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is Rcy1 in S. cerevisiae (Pof6 in S. pombe).
97668 SCF-Saf1/Pof9 ubiquitin ligase complex C An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is Saf1 in S. cerevisiae (Pof9 in S. pombe).
97669 SCF-Skp2 ubiquitin ligase complex C An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is Skp2 in S. cerevisiae.
97670 SCF-Ufo1/Pof10 ubiquitin ligase complex C An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is Ufo1 in S. cerevisiae (Pof10 in S. pombe).
97671 SCF-YDR131C ubiquitin ligase complex C An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is YDR131C in S. cerevisiae.
97672 SCF-Pof5 ubiquitin ligase complex C An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is Pof5 in S. pombe (YDR306C in S. cerevisiae).
97673 SCF-Ucc1 ubiquitin ligase complex C An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is YLR224W in S. cerevisiae.
97674 SCF-YLR352W ubiquitin ligase complex C An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is YLR352W in S. cerevisiae.
97675 SCF-Hrt3/Pof7 ubiquitin ligase complex C An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is Hrt3 in S. cerevisiae (Pof7 in S. pombe).
97676 histone H3-K36 dimethylation P The modification of histone H3 by addition of two methyl groups to lysine at position 36 of the histone.
97677 STAT family protein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any member of the signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) protein family. STATs are, as the name indicates, both signal transducers and transcription factors. STATs are activated by cytokines and some growth factors and thus control important biological processes including cell growth, cell differentiation, apoptosis and immune responses.
97678 SOCS family protein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any member of the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family of proteins. SOCS represent an important mechanism to extinguish cytokine and growth factor receptor signaling. Individual SOCS proteins are typically induced by specific cytokines and growth factors, thereby generating a negative feedback loop. SOCS proteins have important functions in development and homeostasis, and in disease, particularly tumor suppression and anti-inflammatory functions.
97679 other organism cytoplasm C The cytoplasm of a secondary organism with which the first organism is interacting.
97680 double-strand break repair via classical nonhomologous end joining P An instance of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining that requires a number of factors important for V(D)J recombination, including the KU70/80 heterodimer (KU), XRCC4, ligase IV, and DNA-PKcs in mammals. It does not produce translocations (as opposed to the alternative nonhomologous end joining).
97681 double-strand break repair via alternative nonhomologous end joining P An instance of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining that is independent of factors important for V(D)J recombination (as opposed to classical nonhomologous end joining). It often results in a deletion with microhomology (i.e. 5-25bp homology) at the repair junction. Among different subclasses of nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ), alternative NHEJ appears to play a significant role in the etiology of mutations that arise during cancer development and treatment.
97682 intracellular phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate-sensitive cation channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of cations by a channel that opens when phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
97683 dinoflagellate apex C The anterior most point of a dinoflagellate epicone.
97684 dinoflagellate antapex C The anterior most point of a dinoflagellate hypocone.
97685 dinoflagellate apical groove C A cell surface furrow (or groove) found on a dinoflagellate apex. It typically loops around the apex.
97686 dinoflagellate apical horn C A horn-shaped dinoflagellate apex found in thecate species.
97687 dinoflagellate antapical horn C A horn-shaped dinoflagellate antapex found in thecate species.
97688 glutamate receptor clustering P The neurotransmitter-gated ion channel clustering process in which glutamate receptors are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane.
97689 iron channel activity F Enables the facilitated diffusion of an iron ion (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.
97690 iron channel inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of an iron channel.
97691 bacterial extracellular vesicle C Small membrane vesicle (< 1 um) that buds off a prokaryotic cell plasma membrane, able to carry proteins, phospholipids, lipopolysaccharides, nucleic acids, viruses, and more. Important in intercellular communication and pathogenesis; can exist within host cells.
97692 histone H3-K4 monomethylation P The modification of histone H3 by addition of one methyl group to lysine at position 4 of the histone.
97693 ocelloid C Eye-like subcellular structure found in dinoflagellates (a large group of single-celled eukaryotes). Consists of subcellular analogues to a cornea, lens, iris, and retina. Ocelloids are built from pre-existing organelles, including a cornea-like layer made of mitochondria and a retinal body made of anastomosing plastids.
97694 establishment of RNA localization to telomere P The directed movement of RNA to a specific location in the telomeric region of a chromosome.
97695 establishment of macromolecular complex localization to telomere P The directed movement of a macromolecular complex to a specific location in the telomeric region of a chromosome.
97696 STAT cascade P An intracellular signal transduction process in which STAT proteins (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) convey a signal to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. The STAT cascade begins with activation of STAT proteins by kinases, proceeds through dimerization and subsequent nuclear translocation of STAT proteins, and ends with regulation of target gene expression by STAT proteins.
97697 tRNA 5-carboxymethoxyuridine methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine to a 5-carboxymethoxy-modified uridine residue in a tRNA molecule.
97698 telomere maintenance via base-excision repair P A telomere maintenance process that occurs by base-excision repair of telomeric DNA in response to DNA damage. Telomeric sequences are particularly susceptible to oxidative DNA damage, due to their G-rich nature.
97699 vascular endothelial cell response to fluid shear stress P Any response to fluid shear stress in a vascular endothelial cell.
97700 vascular endothelial cell response to laminar fluid shear stress P Any response to laminar fluid shear stress in a vascular endothelial cell.
97701 response to pulsatile fluid shear stress P Any response to fluid shear stress where the fluid is flowing across a solid surface with periodic variations. For example, the endothelium in straight parts of the artery tree is subjected to pulsatile shear stress with a significant forward direction, which is believed to be an important physiological stimulus enhancing vessel compliance and conferring anti-thrombotic, anti-adhesive, and anti-inflammatory effects.
97702 response to oscillatory fluid shear stress P Any response to fluid shear stress where the fluid is moving across a solid surface with an oscillatory flow. Disturbed flow patterns at the arterial bifurcations and curvatures may cause endothelial dysfunction, which initiates atherosclerosis.
97703 cellular response to pulsatile fluid shear stress P Any response to pulsatile fluid shear stress that occurs at the level of a cell.
97704 cellular response to oscillatory fluid shear stress P Any response to oscillatory fluid shear stress that occurs at the level of a cell.
97705 vascular endothelial cell response to pulsatile fluid shear stress P Any response to pulsatile fluid shear stress that occurs in a vascular endothelial cell.
97706 vascular endothelial cell response to oscillatory fluid shear stress P Any response to oscillatory fluid shear stress that occurs in a vascular endothelial cell.
97707 ferroptosis P A programmed cell death characterized morphologically by the presence of smaller than normal mitochondria with condensed mitochondrial membrane densities, reduction or vanishing of mitochondria crista, and outer mitochondrial membrane rupture. Activation of mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channels and mitogen-activated protein kinases, upregulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inhibition of cystine/glutamate antiporter are involved in the induction of ferroptosis. This process is characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxidation products and lethal reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from iron metabolism. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), heat shock protein beta-1, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 function as negative regulators of ferroptosis by limiting ROS production and reducing cellular iron uptake, respectively. In contrast, NADPH oxidase and p53 act as positive regulators of ferroptosis by promotion of ROS production and inhibition of expression of SLC7A11 (a specific light-chain subunit of the cystine/glutamate antiporter), respectively. Misregulated ferroptosis has been implicated in multiple physiological and pathological processes.
97708 intracellular vesicle C Any vesicle that is part of the intracellular region.
97709 connective tissue replacement P The series of events leading to growth of connective tissue when loss of tissues that are incapable of regeneration occurs, or when fibrinous exudate cannot be adequately cleared.
97710 viral terminase, small subunit C The part of the viral terminase complex that acts as a phage DNA-recognition component and regulates the activity of the large subunit. The small subunit usually assembles as a heterooligomer with the large subunit.
97711 ciliary basal body docking P The docking of a cytosolic centriole/basal body to the plasma membrane via the ciliary transition fibers. In some species this may happen via an intermediate step, by first docking to the ciliary vesicle via the ciliary transition fibers. The basal body-ciliary vesicle then relocates to the plasma membrane, followed by the ciliary vesicle fusing with the plasma membrane, effectively attaching the basal body to the plasma membrane.
97712 vesicle targeting, trans-Golgi to periciliary membrane compartment P The process in which vesicles formed at the trans-Golgi network are directed to the plasma membrane surrounding the base of the cilium, including the ciliary pocket, mediated by molecules at the vesicle membrane and target membrane surfaces.
97713 dolichol-phosphate-mannose synthase regulator activity F Binds to and modulates the activity of dolichol-phosphate-mannose synthase.
97714 response to viscosity P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a viscosity stimulus.
97715 cellular response to viscosity P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a viscosity stimulus.
97716 copper ion transport across blood-brain barrier P The directed movement of copper (Cu) ions passing through the blood-brain barrier.
97717 copper ion transport across blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier P The directed movement of copper (Cu) ions passing through the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier.
97718 disordered domain specific binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a disordered domain of a protein.
97719 neural tissue regeneration P The regrowth of neural tissue following its loss or destruction.
97720 calcineurin-mediated signaling P Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell by activation of a transcription factor as a consequence of dephosphorylation by Ca(2+)-activated calcineurin. The process begins with calcium-dependent activation of the phosphatase calcineurin. Calcineurin is a calcium- and calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine protein phosphatase with a conserved function in eukaryotic species from yeast to humans. In yeast and fungi, calcineurin regulates stress signaling and cell cycle, and sporulation and virulence in pathogenic fungi. In metazoans, calcineurin is involved in cell commitment, organogenesis and organ development and immune function of T-lymphocytes. By a conserved mechanism, calcineurin phosphatase activates fungal Crz1 and mammalian NFATc by dephosphorylation and translocation of these transcription factors to the nucleus to regulate gene expression.
97721 ciliary vesicle C A Golgi-derived vesicle to which the ciliary basal body docks via its transitional fibers. Its membrane is compositionally distinct from Golgi membranes, and will become the ciliary membrane once the ciliary vesicle is fused to the plasma membrane. The ciliary vesicle is thought to be formed by multiple smaller vesicles that attach to the transitional fibers and then fuse to form a larger vesicle.
97722 sperm motility P Any process involved in the controlled movement of a sperm cell.
97723 amoeboid sperm motility P Any process involved in the controlled movement of an amoeboid sperm cell.
97724 sperm flagellum movement P The directed, self-propelled movement of a sperm flagellum.
97725 histone H3-K79 dimethylation P The modification of histone H3 by addition of two methyl groups to lysine at position 79 of the histone.
97726 LEM domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a LEM domain. The LEM domain (for lamina-associated polypeptide, emerin, MAN1 domain) is present in a group of nuclear proteins that bind chromatin through interaction of the LEM motif with the conserved DNA crosslinking protein, barrier-to-autointegration factor (BAF).
97727 blepharoplast C An intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle found in multi-ciliated sperm cells of some primitive land plants, and consisting of many radially arranged ninefold symmetric cylinders. The blepharoplast is involved in de novo formation of multiple centrioles; it enlarges and then disintegrates into many procentrioles, which elongate and ultimately nucleate cilia on the surface of the sperm cell.
97728 9+0 motile cilium C A motile cilium where the axoneme has a ring of nine outer microtubule doublets but no central microtubules (and is therefore called a 9+0 axoneme).
97729 9+2 motile cilium C A motile cilium where the axoneme has a ring of nine outer microtubule doublets plus two central microtubules (and is therefore called a 9+2 axoneme).
97730 non-motile cilium C A cilium which may have a variable array of axonemal microtubules but does not contain molecular motors.
97731 9+0 non-motile cilium C A non-motile cilium where the axoneme has a ring of nine outer microtubule doublets but no central microtubules (and is therefore called a 9+0 axoneme).
97732 9+2 non-motile cilium C A non-motile cilium where the axoneme has a ring of nine outer microtubule doublets plus two central microtubules (and is therefore called a 9+2 axoneme).
97733 photoreceptor cell cilium C A specialised 9+0 non-motile cilium found in photoreceptor cells. A ciliary transition zone called 'photoreceptor connecting cilium' links the photoreceptor outer segment to the inner segment.
97734 extracellular exosome biogenesis P The assembly and secretion of an extracellular exosome, a membrane-bounded vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane.
97735 DIM/DIP cell wall layer C A section of the Actinobacterium-type cell wall composed of (phenyl)phthiocerol, phthiodiolone, phthiotriol dimycocerosate, diphthioceranate and other compounds.
97736 aerial mycelium formation P The process by which hyphae grow in an upward or outward direction from the surface of the substrate; from there, propagative spores develop in or on characteristic structures that are distinctive of some fungal and bacterial species. The species that form an aerial mycelium develop conidiophores at the ends of the aerial hyphae.
97737 acquisition of mycelium reproductive competence P A maturation process by which an organism acquires the ability to reproduce. In fungi, reproductive competence only occurs in a population of filamentous cells that form a mycelium.
97738 substrate mycelium formation P The process by which, in some fungal species, hyphae grow as a network of invasive thread-like filaments formed from chains of attached cells within a solid or semi-solid substrate.
97739 negative regulation of ferrichrome biosynthetic process in response to iron P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of ferrichrome biosynthetic process in response to an iron stimulus.
97740 paraflagellar rod C A large lattice-like axial structure found in some flagellated protists which extends alongside the axoneme. Protein components of the paraflagellar rod are likely implicated, among other, in adenine nucleotide signalling and metabolism, and in calcium signalling.
97741 mastigoneme C A hair-like structure covering the flagella found in some algae (heterokonts and cryptophytes). It is approximately 15 nm in diameter, and usually consist of a tubular shaft that itself terminates in smaller hairs. It is composed of glycoproteins and, likely, carbohydrates. Mastigonemes may assist in locomotion by increasing the surface area of a flagellum.
97742 de novo centriole assembly P Centriole assembly in which a centriole arises de novo, rather than by replication from an existing centriole. This process may occur via different mechanisms. Examples include the deuterosome pathway in multicilated epithelial animal cells and formation of centrioles during parthenogenesis in some insects.
97743 de novo centriole assembly via blepharoplast P A de novo centriole assembly process observed in multi-ciliated sperm cells of some primitive land plants, and where centrioles are formed from a blepharoplast, ultimately giving rise to multiple cilia on the sperm surface.
97744 urate salt excretion P The elimination by an organism of urate salt or uric acid.
97745 mitochondrial tRNA 5'-end processing P The process in which the 5' end of a pre-tRNA molecule is converted to that of a mature tRNA in the mitochondrion.
97746 regulation of blood vessel diameter P Any process that modulates the diameter of blood vessels.
97747 RNA polymerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1); the synthesis of RNA from ribonucleotide triphosphates in the presence of a nucleic acid template.
97748 3'-5' RNA polymerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1); the synthesis of RNA from ribonucleotide triphosphates in the presence of a nucleic acid template, via extension of the 5'-end.
97749 membrane tubulation P A membrane organization process resulting in the formation of a tubular projection. This may face inwardly (as in tubular membrane invaginations) or outwardly (as in endosomal tubules).
97750 endosome membrane tubulation P A membrane tubulation process occurring in an endosome membrane.
97751 spore-bearing structure formation P The process of generating a spore-bearing structure. A spore-bearing structure is an anatomical structure that produces new spores.
98001 receptor-mediated bacteriophage reversible attachment to host cell P Process by which a bacteriophage, using its tail fibers, spikes or a baseplate component, initially recognizes and binds to its specific receptor on the host cell surface. This process is reversible and allows the release of a bacteriophage without affecting infection.
98002 receptor-mediated bacteriophage irreversible attachment to host cell P The processes by which a bacteriophage initially commits to infection by binding the host receptor irreversibly. Disruption of the phage:cell complex at this step results in the loss of infective phage virions since the process is characterized by conformational changes of bacteriophage head and tail proteins and injection of bacteriophage proteins into the infected cell.
98003 viral tail assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a virus tail.
98004 virus tail fiber assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a virus tail fiber.
98005 viral head-tail joining P Process by which virus heads and tails are attached to each other.
98006 viral DNA genome packaging, headful P The encapsulation of the viral genome within the capsid where DNA is packaged into the capsid until the capsid is full.
98009 viral terminase, large subunit C The part of the viral terminase complex that contains the translocase and endonuclease activities and allows the translocation of the phage DNA into the procapsid. The large subunit usually assembles as a heterooligomer with the small subunit.
98015 virus tail C Part of the virion that may be used to recognize, attach and inject the viral genome and accessory proteins into the host cell.
98017 viral capsid, major subunit C The part of the viral capsid that comprises the most common capsomere type. For example, in a T=3 icosahedral capsid, which is composed of 12 pentameric and 20 hexameric capsomeres, the hexameric capsomeres are major subunits.
98018 viral capsid, minor subunit C The part of the viral capsid that comprises the less common capsomere type. For example, in a T=3 icosahedral capsid, which is composed of 12 pentameric and 20 hexameric capsomeres, the pentameric capsomeres are minor subunits.
98019 virus tail, major subunit C The part of the viral tail that comprises the most common subunit type.
98020 virus tail, minor subunit C The part of the viral tail that comprises the least common subunit type.
98021 viral capsid, decoration C Component of the virus capsid (head), located on the outer head surface. Involved in the stabilization of the head structure and usually non-essential.
98022 viral capsid, fiber C A type of capsid decoration composed of fiber structures.
98023 virus tail, tip C The basal end of the virus tail, which is used by the virus to attach to the host cell.
98024 virus tail, fiber C The fibrous region of the virus tail used to scan, recognize and attach to the host cell.
98025 virus tail, baseplate C Multiprotein component at the distal (head) end of the virus tail to which fibers of tailed viruses may be attached.
98026 virus tail, tube C The internal tube of the contractile tails of some viruses. The virus tail tube is the channel for DNA ejection into the host cytoplasm.
98027 virus tail, sheath C The external contractile envelope of the tail of some viruses. Its contraction ensures ejection of the virus DNA into the host cytoplasm.
98028 virus tail, shaft C The tube of the non-contractile tails of some viruses.
98029 icosahedral viral capsid, spike C A short structure attached to an icosahedral virion capsid, and used for attachment to the host cell.
98030 icosahedral viral capsid, neck C A region of constriction located below the head and above the tail sheath of viruses with contractile tails (Myoviridae).
98031 icosahedral viral capsid, collar C A small disk located at the base of some icosahedral virus capsids.
98032 icosahedral viral capsid, collar fiber C A fiber attached to the collar structure of some icosahedral viral capsids.
98033 icosahedral viral capsid, neck fiber C A fiber attached to the neck at the base of some icosahedral viral capsids.
98035 viral DNA genome packaging via site-specific sequence recognition P The encapsulation of the viral DNA genome within the capsid, which proceeds via cleavage of the viral DNA at specific sites by a viral terminase.
98036 viral DNA genome packaging, 3' extended cos packaging P The encapsulation of the viral DNA genome within the capsid, which proceeds via cleavage of the viral DNA at specific sites to produce 3' protruding ends.
98037 viral DNA genome packaging, 5' extended cos packaging P The encapsulation of the viral DNA genome within the capsid, which proceeds via cleavage of the viral DNA at specific sites to produce 5' protruding ends.
98038 non-replicative transposition, DNA-mediated P Process by which a transposable element is excised from the donor site and integrated at the target site without replication of the element. Also referred to as cut-and-paste transposition.
98039 replicative transposition, DNA-mediated P Process of transposition in which the existing element is replicated and one of the copies is excised and integrated at a new target site. Also referred to as copy-and-paste transposition.
98045 virus baseplate assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a virus baseplate.
98046 type V protein secretion system complex C A complex of proteins that permits the translocation of proteins across the outer membrane via a transmembrane pore, formed by a beta-barrel, into the extracellular milieu or directly into host cells; the secreted proteins contain all the information required for translocation of an effector molecule through the cell envelope. The type V secretion systems includes the autotransporters (type Va), the two-partner secretion system (type Vb) and the Oca family (type Vc).
98061 viral capsid, internal space C The region of a virus contained within the capsid shell, and usually containing the viral genome and accessory proteins.
98501 polynucleotide dephosphorylation P The process of removing one or more phosphate groups from a polynucleotide.
98502 DNA dephosphorylation P The process of removing one or more phosphate groups from a DNA molecule.
98503 DNA 3' dephosphorylation P The process of removing a 3' phosphate group from a DNA molecule.
98504 DNA 3' dephosphorylation involved in DNA repair P Any 3' DNA dephosphorylation that is involved in the process of DNA repair.
98505 G-rich strand telomeric DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with G-rich, single-stranded, telomere-associated DNA.
98506 polynucleotide 3' dephosphorylation P The process of removing one or more phosphate groups from the 3' end of a polynucleotide.
98507 polynucleotide 5' dephosphorylation P The process of removing one or more phosphate groups from the 5' end of a polynucleotide.
98508 endothelial to hematopoietic transition P The generation of hematopoietic stem cells from hemogenic endothelial cells by a process that includes tight-junction dissolution and loss of cell polarity followed by delamination from the endothelium.
98509 sensory perception of humidity P The series of events required for an organism to detect some level of humidity in its environment, convert this detection into a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.
98510 sensory perception of high humidity P The series of events required for an organism to detect high environmental humidity, convert this detection into a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.
98511 sensory perception of low humidity P The series of events required for an organism to detect low environmental humidity, convert this detection into a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.
98512 detection of humidity stimulus involved in sensory perception P The series of events in which a humidity stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of the sensory perception of humidity.
98513 detection of humidity P The series of events in which a humidity stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
98514 detection of high humidity stimulus involved in sensory perception P The series of events in which a high humidity stimulus is detected and converted into a molecular signal as a part of the sensory detection of high humidity.
98515 detection of low humidity stimulus involved in sensory perception P The series of events in which a low humidity stimulus is detected and converted into a molecular signal as a part of the sensory detection of low humidity.
98516 detection of high humidity P The series of events in which high humidity is detected and converted into a molecular signal.
98517 detection of low humidity P The series of events in which low humidity is detected and converted into a molecular signal.
98518 polynucleotide phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phosphopolynucleotide + H2O = polynucleotide + phosphate.
98519 nucleotide phosphatase activity, acting on free nucleotides F Catalysis of the reaction: nucleotide + H2O = nucleotide + phosphate.
98520 excitatory neuromuscular junction C The junction between the axon of a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. In response to the arrival of action potentials, the presynaptic button releases molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane of the muscle fiber, leading to a post-synaptic potential responsible for muscle contraction.
98521 inhibitory neuromuscular junction C The junction between the axon of a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. In response to the arrival of action potentials, the presynaptic button releases molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane of the muscle fiber, leading to a change in post-synaptic potential that inhibits muscle contraction.
98522 neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle fiber C A neuromuscular junction in which the target muscle cell is a skeletal muscle fiber.
98523 neuromuscular junction of myotube C A neuromuscular junction in which the target muscle cell is a myotube.
98524 neuromuscular junction of somatic muscle myotube C A neuromuscular junction in which the target muscle cell is a somatic muscle myotube, such as an arthropod somatic muscle cell.
98525 excitatory neuromuscular junction of somatic myotube C A neuromuscular junction that functions in the excitation of somatic muscle myotubes, such as an arthropod somatic muscle cells.
98526 inhibitory neuromuscular junction of somatic myotube C A neuromuscular junction that functions in the inhibition of somatic muscle myotube contraction. Examples of somatic muscle myotubes include the somatic muscle cells of arthropods.
98527 neuromuscular junction of somatic muscle C A neuromuscular junction in which the target muscle cell is a somatic muscle cell, such as those found in nematodes and arthropods.
98528 skeletal muscle fiber differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a skeletal muscle fiber cell. Skeletal muscle fiber differentiation starts with myoblast fusion and the appearance of specific cell markers (this is the cell development step). Then individual skeletal muscle fibers fuse to form bigger myotubes and start to contract.
98529 neuromuscular junction development, skeletal muscle fiber P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a neuromuscular junction that targets a skeletal muscle fiber.
98530 positive regulation of strand invasion P Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of strand invasion. Strand invasion is the process in which the nucleoprotein complex (composed of the broken single-strand DNA and the recombinase) searches and identifies a region of homology in intact duplex DNA. The broken single-strand DNA displaces the like strand and forms Watson-Crick base pairs with its complement, forming a duplex in which each strand is from one of the two recombining DNA molecules.
98531 transcription factor activity, direct ligand regulated sequence-specific DNA binding F A DNA binding transcription factor activity that is directly regulated by binding of a ligand to the protein with this activity. Examples include the lac and trp repressors in E.coli and many steroid hormone receptors.
98532 histone H3-K27 trimethylation P The modification of histone H3 by addition of three methyl groups to lysine at position 27 of the histone.
98533 ATPase dependent transmembrane transport complex C A transmembrane protein complex that functions in ATPase dependent active transport across a membrane.
98534 centriole assembly P A cellular process that results in the assembly of one or more centrioles.
98535 de novo centriole assembly involved in multi-ciliated epithelial cell differentiation P Centriole assembly in which a centriole arises de novo by a process involving an electron-dense structure known as a deuterosome, rather than by duplication of an existing centriole, and occurring as part of multi-ciliated epithelial cell differentiation.
98536 deuterosome C A spherical, electron dense, cytoplasmic structure that is involved in de novo assembly of centrioles.
98537 lobed nucleus C Nucleus with two or more lobes connected by a thin filament that contains no internal chromatin. Examples include the nuclei of mature basophils, eosinophils and neutrophils in mice and humans.
98538 lumenal side of transport vesicle membrane C The side (leaflet) of the transport vesicle membrane that faces the lumen.
98539 cytoplasmic side of transport vesicle membrane C The side (leaflet) of the transport vesicle membrane that faces the cytoplasm.
98540 lumenal side of trans-Golgi network transport vesicle membrane C The side (leaflet) of the trans-Golgi network transport vesicle membrane that faces the lumen.
98541 cytoplasmic side of trans-Golgi network transport vesicle membrane C The side (leaflet) of the trans-Golgi network transport vesicle membrane that faces the cytoplasm.
98542 defense response to other organism P Reactions triggered in response to the presence of another organism that act to protect the cell or organism from damage caused by that organism.
98543 detection of other organism P The series of events in which a stimulus from another organism is received and converted into a molecular signal.
98544 maintenance of protein complex location P Any process in which a protein complex is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere. These include sequestration, stabilization to prevent transport elsewhere and the active retrieval of protein complexes that move away.
98545 maintenance of protein complex location in cytoplasm P Any process in which a protein complex is maintained in a specific location within the cytoplasm and is prevented from moving elsewhere.
98546 2',5-3',5'-cyclic GMP-AMP binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with c[G(2',5')pA(2',5')p], a cyclic purine dinucleotide that consists of AMP and GMP units cyclized via 2',5' and 3',5' linkages.
98547 lumenal side of Golgi membrane C The side of the Golgi membrane that faces the lumen.
98548 cytoplasmic side of Golgi membrane C The side (leaflet) of the Golgi membrane that faces the cytoplasm.
98549 somatic ring canal C A stable intercellular bridge between somatic cells. Examples include the intercellular bridges between ovarian follicle cells in insects and between imaginal disc cells in insects.
98550 lumenal side of early endosome membrane C The side (leaflet) of the early endosome membrane that faces the lumen.
98551 lumenal side of late endosome membrane C The side (leaflet) of the late endosome membrane that faces the lumen.
98552 side of membrane C A cellular component consisting of one leaflet of a membrane bilayer and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface.
98553 lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane C The side (leaflet) of the plasma membrane that faces the lumen.
98554 cytoplasmic side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane C The side (leaflet) of the plasma membrane that faces the cytoplasm.
98555 lumenal side of rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane C The side (leaflet) of the rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane that faces the lumen.
98556 cytoplasmic side of rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane C The side (leaflet) of the rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane that faces the cytoplasm.
98557 cytoplasmic side of smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane C The side (leaflet) of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane that faces the cytoplasm.
98558 lumenal side of smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane C The side (leaflet) of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane that faces the lumen.
98559 cytoplasmic side of early endosome membrane C The side (leaflet) of the early endosome membrane that faces the cytoplasm.
98560 cytoplasmic side of late endosome membrane C The side (leaflet) of the late endosome membrane that faces the cytoplasm.
98561 methyl accepting chemotaxis protein complex C A transmembrane protein complex that consists of multiple methyl-accepting chemoreceptor protein subunits, a histidine kinase and a connector protein and which functions in the regulation of flagellar rotary motor activity in response to an external chemical stimulus.
98562 cytoplasmic side of membrane C The side of a membrane that faces the cytoplasm.
98563 intrinsic component of synaptic vesicle membrane C The component of the synaptic vesicle membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
98564 trans-Golgi network transport vesicle lumen C The volume enclosed within the membrane of a trans-Golgi network transport vesicle.
98565 lumenal side of endosome membrane C The side (leaflet) of the endosome membrane that faces the lumen.
98566 transport vesicle lumen C The volume enclosed within the membrane of a transport vesicle.
98567 periplasmic side of plasma membrane C The side (leaflet) of a plasma membrane that faces the periplasm, and all proteins embedded in it or attached to its surface.
98568 external side of mycolate outer membrane C The side (leaflet) of the mycolate outer membrane that faces the environment and any proteins embedded in it or loosely bound to its surface.
98569 internal side of mycolate outer membrane C The side of the mycolate outer membrane that faces the cell wall peptidoglycan. It is rich in long-chain mycolic acids (hydroxylated branched-chain fatty acids) that are covalently linked to the cell wall peptidoglycan via an arabinogalactan network.
98570 stromal side of plastid inner membrane C The side (leaflet) of the plastid inner membrane that faces the stroma, and any proteins embedded in it or loosely bound to its surface.
98571 lumenal side of plastid thylakoid membrane C The side (leaflet) of the plastid thylakoid membrane that faces the lumen, and any proteins embedded in it or loosely bound to its surface.
98572 stromal side of plastid thylakoid membrane C The side (leaflet) of the plastid thylakoid membrane that faces the stroma, and any proteins embedded in it or loosely bound to its surface.
98573 intrinsic component of mitochondrial membrane C The component of the mitochondrial membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
98574 cytoplasmic side of lysosomal membrane C The side (leaflet) of the lysosomal membrane that faces the cytoplasm.
98575 lumenal side of lysosomal membrane C The side (leaflet) of the lysosomal membrane that faces the lumen.
98576 lumenal side of membrane C Any side (leaflet) of a membrane that faces the lumen of an organelle.
98577 inactive sex chromosome C A sex chromosome that has been inactivated.
98578 condensed chromatin of inactivated sex chromosome C A condensed form of chromatin that is associated with an inactivated sex chromosome and which is responsible for its inactivation.
98579 active sex chromosome C A sex chromosome that has not been inactivated.
98580 chromatin of active sex chromosome C Chromatin that is part of an active sex chromosome.
98581 detection of external biotic stimulus P The series of events in which an external biotic stimulus is detected and converted into a molecular signal. An external biotic stimulus is defined as one caused or produced by a living organism other than the one being stimulated.
98582 innate vocalization behavior P A vocalisation behavior that is innate, i.e. that does not need to be learned in order to occur.
98583 learned vocalization behavior P A vocalization behavior that is the result of learning.
98584 host cell synaptic vesicle C A secretory organelle of a host cell, some 50 nm in diameter, of presynaptic nerve terminals; accumulates in high concentrations of neurotransmitters and secretes these into the synaptic cleft by fusion with the 'active zone' of the presynaptic plasma membrane.
98585 host cell synaptic vesicle membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a host synaptic vesicle.
98586 cellular response to virus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a virus.
98588 bounding membrane of organelle C The lipid bilayer that forms the outer-most layer of an organelle.
98589 membrane region C A membrane that is a part of a larger membrane. Examples include the apical region of the plasma membrane of an epithelial cell and the various regions of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.
98590 plasma membrane region C A membrane that is a (regional) part of the plasma membrane.
98591 external side of apical plasma membrane C The leaflet the apical region of the plasma membrane that faces away from the cytoplasm and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface.
98592 cytoplasmic side of apical plasma membrane C The side (leaflet) of the apical region of the plasma membrane that faces the cytoplasm.
98593 goblet cell theca C A cup shaped specialization of the cytoskeleton that forms a thin layer located just below the apical mass of mature mucin secretory granules in the cytoplasm of goblet cells of the intestinal epithelium. It consists of an orderly network of intermediate filaments and microtubules. Microtubules are arranged vertically, like barrel staves, along the inner aspect of the theta. Intermediate filaments form two networks: an inner, basketlike network and an outer series of circumferential bundles resembling the hoops of a barrel.
98594 mucin granule C A secretory granule that contains mucin.
98595 perivitelline space C The space between the membrane of an oocyte and a surrounding membranous structure (zona pellucida or perivitelline membrane).
98596 imitative learning P Learning in which new behaviors are acquired through imitation.
98597 observational learning P Learning that occurs through observing the behavior of others.
98598 learned vocalization behavior or vocal learning P Vocalisation behavior that is the result of learning, or the process by which new vocalizations are learned.
98599 palmitoyl hydrolase activity F Catalysis of a hydrolase reaction that removes a palmitoyl moiety from some substrate.
98600 selenomethionine gamma-lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-Selenomethionine + H2O => Methaneselenol + Ammonia + 2-oxobutanoic acid.
98601 selenomethionine adenosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-Selenomethionine + H2O => Orthophosphate + Diphosphate + Se-Adenosylselenomethionine.
98602 single organism cell adhesion P The attachment, via cell adhesion molecules, of a cell to either another cell of the same organism, or to an underlying substrate of the same organism such as the extracellular matrix.
98603 selenol Se-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: R + Se-Adenosylselenomethionine => CH3-R + Se-Adenosyl-L-selenohomocysteine.
98604 adenosylselenohomocysteinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: Se-Adenosyl-L-selenohomocysteine + H2O => Adenosine + Selenohomocysteine.
98605 selenocystathionine beta-synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-Serine + Selenohomocysteine => L-Selenocystathionine + H2O.
98606 selenocystathionine gamma-lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-Selenocystathionine + H2O => L-Selenocysteine + NH3 + 2-Oxobutanoic acid.
98607 methylselenocysteine deselenhydrase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: Se-Methyl-L-selenocysteine + H2O => pyruvic acid + NH3 + Methaneselenol.
98608 methylselenol demethylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: methylselenol + H2O => H2Se + CH3OH.
98609 cell-cell adhesion P The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules.
98610 adhesion between unicellular organisms P The attachment of two unicellular organisms to each other.
98611 cell-cell adhesion involved in galactose-specific flocculation P Cell-cell adhesion between two single-celled organisms, during flocculation, mediated via the binding of cell wall proteins on one cell to galactose residues on the other.
98612 cell-cell adhesion involved in mannose-specific flocculation P Cell-cell adhesion between two single-celled organisms, during flocculation, mediated via the binding of cell wall proteins on one cell to mannose residues on the other.
98613 methaneselenol methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-Adenosyl-L-methionine + Methaneselenol => S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine + Dimethyl selenide.
98614 hydrogen selenide methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-Adenosyl-L-methionine + Hydrogen selenide => S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine + Methaneselenol.
98615 dimethyl selenide methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dimethyl selenide => S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + trimethylselenonium.
98616 selenate adenylyltransferase (ATP) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2SeO4 => Diphosphate + Adenylylselenate.
98617 adenylylselenate kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + Adenylylselenate => ADP + 3'-Phosphoadenylylselenate.
98618 selenomethionine-tRNA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-Selenomethionine + tRNA(Met) => AMP + Diphosphate + Selenomethionyl-tRNA(Met).
98619 selenocysteine-tRNA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: tRNASec + L-Ser + ATP ---> Ser-tRNASec + AMP + Diphosphate.
98620 seryl-selenocysteinyl-tRNA kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: Ser-tRNA(Sec) + ATP ---> Sep-tRNA(Sec) + ADP
98621 phosphoseryl-selenocysteinyl-tRNA selenium transferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: O-Phosphoseryl-tRNA(Sec) + Selenophosphoric acid + H2O => L-Selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec) + 2 phosphoric acid.
98622 selenodiglutathione-disulfide reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + selenodiglutathione + NADPH => gluthathioselenol + glutathione + NADP+.
98623 selenite reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: SeO3(2-) + 3NADPH + 5H+ ---> H2Se + 3NADP+ + 3H2O.
98624 3'-Phosphoadenylylselenate reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-Phosphoadenylylselenate + NADPH => Adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + Selenite + NADP+ + H+.
98625 methylselenol reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + CH3SeOH => NADP+ + CH3SeH + H2O
98626 methylseleninic acid reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + CH3SeO2H => NADP+ + CH3SeOH + H2O.
98627 protein arginine phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: protein arginine phosphate + H2O = protein arginine + phosphate.
98628 peptidyl-N-phospho-arginine dephosphorylation P The removal of phosphate residues from peptidyl-N-phospho-arginine to form peptidyl-arginine
98629 trans-Golgi network membrane organization P A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a trans-Golgi network membrane.
98630 aggregation of unicellular organisms P The clustering together of unicellular organisms in suspension form aggregates.
98631 protein binding involved in cell adhesion F Any protein binding that is involved in cell adhesion.
98632 protein binding involved in cell-cell adhesion F Any protein binding that is involved in cell-cell adhesion.
98633 collagen fibril binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a collagen fibril.
98634 protein binding involved in cell-matrix adhesion F Any protein binding that is involved in cell-matrix adhesion.
98635 protein complex involved in cell-cell adhesion C Any protein complex that is capable of carrying out some part of the process of cell-cell adhesion.
98636 protein complex involved in cell adhesion C Any protein complex that is capable of carrying out some part of the process of cell adhesion to the cell matrix or to another cell.
98637 protein complex involved in cell-matrix adhesion C Any protein complex that is capable of carrying out some part of the process of cell-matrix adhesion.
98638 laminin binding involved in cell-matrix adhesion F Any laminin protein binding that occurs as part of cell-matrix adhesion.
98639 collagen binding involved in cell-matrix adhesion F Any collagen binding that occurs as part of cell-matrix adhesion.
98640 integrin binding involved in cell-matrix adhesion F Any integrin binding that occurs as part of the process of cell-matrix adhesion.
98641 cadherin binding involved in cell-cell adhesion F Any cadherin binding that occurs as part of the process of cell-cell adhesion.
98642 network-forming collagen trimer C A collagen trimer that forms networks.
98643 banded collagen fibril C A supramolecular assembly of fibrillar collagen complexes in the form of a long fiber (fibril) with transverse striations (bands).
98644 complex of collagen trimers C A complex of collagen trimers such as a fibril or collagen network.
98645 collagen network C A protein complex that consists of collagen triple helices associated to form a network.
98646 collagen sheet C A protein complex that consists of collagen triple helices associated to form a sheet-like network.
98647 collagen beaded filament C A supramolecular assembly of collagen trimers with a 'beads on a string'-like structure.
98648 collagen anchoring fibril C A specialised collagen fibril that functions as an anchor, binding to other collagen structures.
98649 response to peptidyl-dipeptidase A inhibitor P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptidyl-dipeptidase A inhibitor stimulus.
98650 peptidyl-proline 4-dioxygenase binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a peptidyl-proline 4-dioxygenase.
98651 basement membrane collagen trimer C Any collagen timer that is part of a basement membrane.
98652 collagen type VII anchoring fibril C An antiparallel dimer of two collagen VII trimers, one end of which is embedded in the lamina densa while the other end attaches to banded collagen fibrils in the dermis.
98653 centromere clustering P The process by which centromeres/kinetochores become localized to clusters.
98654 CENP-A recruiting complex C A protein complex that includes Mis16(Yippee family) and/or Mis18 (WD repeat) subunits that is involved in the deposition of centromere specific (CENP-A containing) nucleosomes at the centromere.
98655 cation transmembrane transport P A process in which a cation is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
98656 anion transmembrane transport P A process in which an anion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
98657 import into cell P The directed movement of some substance from outside of a cell into the cytoplasmic compartment. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis.
98658 inorganic anion import into cell P The directed movement of inorganic anions from outside of a cell into the cytoplasmic compartment. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis.
98659 inorganic cation import into cell P The directed movement of inorganic cations from outside of a cell into the cytoplasmic compartment. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis.
98660 inorganic ion transmembrane transport P A process in which an inorganic ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
98661 inorganic anion transmembrane transport P A process in which an inorganic anion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
98662 inorganic cation transmembrane transport P A process in which an inorganic cation is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
98663 transmembrane transporter activity involved in import into cell F Any transmembrane transporter activity that is involved in importing some substance into a cell.
98664 G-protein coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled serotonin receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
98665 serotonin receptor complex C A protein complex that is capable of serotonin receptor activity.
98666 G-protein coupled serotonin receptor complex C A protein complex that is capable of G-protein coupled serotonin receptor activity.
98687 chromosomal region C Any subdivision of a chromosome along its length.
98700 neurotransmitter loading into synaptic vesicle P The active transport of neurotransmitters into a synaptic vesicle. This import is fuelled by an electrochemical gradient across the vesicle membrane, established by the action proton pumps.
98701 endocytic import into cell P The directed movement of some substance from the outside of a cell into a cytoplasmic vesicle via endocytosis.
98702 adenine import across plasma membrane P The directed movement of adenine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
98703 calcium ion import across plasma membrane P The directed movement of calcium ions from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
98704 carbohydrate import across plasma membrane P The directed movement of a carbohydrate from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
98705 copper ion import across plasma membrane P The directed movement of copper ions from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
98706 ferric iron import across plasma membrane P The directed movement of ferric iron ions (Fe(III) or Fe3+) from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
98707 ferrous iron import across plasma membrane P The directed movement of ferrous iron ions (Fe(II) or Fe2+) from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
98708 glucose import across plasma membrane P The directed movement of glucose from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
98709 glutathione import across plasma membrane P The directed movement of glutathione from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
98710 guanine import across plasma membrane P The directed movement of guanine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
98711 iron ion import across plasma membrane P The directed movement of iron ions from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
98712 L-glutamate import across plasma membrane P The directed movement of L-glutamate from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
98713 leucine import across plasma membrane P The directed movement of leucine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
98714 malate import across plasma membrane P The directed movement of malate from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
98715 malonic acid import across plasma membrane P The directed movement of malonic acid from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
98716 nickel cation import across plasma membrane P The directed movement of nickel cations from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
98717 pantothenate import across plasma membrane P The directed movement of pantothenate from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
98718 serine import across plasma membrane P The directed movement of serine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
98719 sodium ion import across plasma membrane P The directed movement of sodium ions from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
98720 succinate import across plasma membrane P The directed movement of succinate from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
98721 uracil import across plasma membrane P The directed movement of uracil from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
98722 asymmetric stem cell division P Division of a stem cell during which it retains its identity and buds off a daughter cell with a new identity.
98723 skeletal muscle myofibril C A myofibril of a skeletal muscle fiber.
98724 symmetric stem cell division P Symmetric division of a stem cell to produce two stem cells of the same type as the parent. Symmetric stem cell division is necessary for amplification of stem cell populations in the absence of sources of stem cells external to an existing population.
98725 symmetric cell division P Cell division in which both daughter cells are of the same type.
98726 symmetric division of skeletal muscle satellite stem cell P The symmetric division of a skeletal muscle satellite stem cell, resulting in two skeletal muscle satellite stem cells. This process is involved in amplification of the pool of these cells.
98727 maintenance of cell number P Any process by which the numbers of cells of a particular type in a tissue are maintained.
98728 germline stem cell asymmetric division P The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell, to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell which will divide to form one or more gametes.
98729 germline stem cell symmetric division P Division of a germline stem cell to produce two germline stem cells of the same type as the parent.
98730 male germline stem cell symmetric division P The symmetric division of a male germline stem cell to produce two male germline stem cells. An example of this is found in mammalian spermatogonial stem cells, some proportion of which divide symmetrically, so amplifying the population. The choice between asymmetric and symmetric division in this case appears to be internal and stochastic.
98731 skeletal muscle satellite stem cell maintenance involved in skeletal muscle regeneration P Any process by which the number of skeletal muscle satellite stem cells in a skeletal muscle is maintained during skeletal muscle regeneration. There are at least two mechanisms by which this is achieved. Skeletal muscle satellite stem cell asymmetric division ensures satellite stem cell numbers are kept constant. Symmetric division of these cells amplifies the number of skeletal muscle satellite stem cells.
98732 macromolecule deacylation P The removal of an acyl group, any group or radical of the form RCO- where R is an organic group, from a macromolecule.
98733 hemidesmosome associated protein complex C Any protein complex that is part of or has some part in a hemidesmosome.
98734 macromolecule depalmitoylation P The removal of palymitoyl groups from a macromolecule.
98735 positive regulation of the force of heart contraction P Any process that increases the force of heart muscle contraction.
98736 negative regulation of the force of heart contraction P Any process that decreases the force of heart muscle contraction.
98737 protein insertion into plasma membrane P The process that results in the incorporation of a protein into a plasma membrane. Incorporation in this context means having some part or covalently attached group that is inserted into the the hydrophobic region of one or both bilayers.
98739 import across plasma membrane P The directed movement of some substance from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
98740 multi organism cell adhesion P Cell adhesion that involves cells from multiple organisms or that is mediated by gene products from multiple organisms.
98741 adhesion between unicellular organisms via cell-wall interaction P The attachment of two unicellular organisms to each other via interaction between cell-wall components.
98742 cell-cell adhesion via plasma-membrane adhesion molecules P The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules that are at least partially embedded in the plasma membrane.
98743 cell aggregation P The clustering together and adhesion of initially separate cells to form an aggregate. Examples include the clustering of unicellular organisms or blood cells in suspension and the condensation of mesenchymal cells during cartilage formation.
98744 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase activator activity F Binds to and increases the activity of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase.
98745 Dcp1-Dcp2 complex C A protein complex consisting of a Dcp1 regulatory subunit and a Dcp2 catalytic subunit that has mRNA cap binding activity and is involved in decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA.
98746 fast, calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter P The fast, initial phase of calcium ion-induced neurotransmitter release, via exocytosis, into the synaptic cleft. This depends on low affinity calcium sensors and typically begins a fraction of a millisecond after Ca2+ influx, and decays rapidly (1-10ms) with a decay constant of around 5-10ms. The underlying molecular mechanisms of this process are distinct from those of the later, slow phase of release.
98747 slow, calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter P The slow, second phase of calcium ion-induced neurotransmitter release, via exocytosis, into the synaptic cleft. This depends on high affinity calcium sensors and decays slowly, typically with a decay constant of over 100ms. The underlying molecular mechanisms of this process are distinct from those of the earlier, fast phase of release.
98748 endocytic adaptor activity F The binding activity of a molecule that brings together two or more protein molecules, or a protein and another macromolecule or complex as a key step in receptor mediated endocytosis.
98749 cerebellar neuron development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cerebellar neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
98750 FYXD domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a FXYD domain.
98751 bone cell development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a bone cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
98752 integral component of the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane C The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products that penetrate only the cytoplasmic side of the membrane.
98753 anchored component of the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane C The component of the plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes with covalently attached hydrophobic anchors products that penetrate only the cytoplasmic side of the membrane.
98754 detoxification P Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of a toxic substance. These may include transport of the toxic substance away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of the toxic substance.
98755 maintenance of seed dormancy by absisic acid P The process by which seed dormancy is maintained by the presence of absisic acid.
98756 response to interleukin-21 P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-21 stimulus.
98757 cellular response to interleukin-21 P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-21 stimulus.
98758 response to interleukin-8 P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-8 stimulus.
98759 cellular response to interleukin-8 P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-8 stimulus.
98760 response to interleukin-7 P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-7 stimulus.
98761 cellular response to interleukin-7 P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-7 stimulus.
98762 meiotic cell cycle phase P One of the distinct periods or stages into which the meiotic cell cycle is divided. Each phase is characterized by the occurrence of specific biochemical and morphological events.
98763 mitotic cell cycle phase P One of the distinct periods or stages into which the mitotic cell cycle is divided. Each phase is characterized by the occurrence of specific biochemical and morphological events.
98764 meiosis I cell cycle phase P A meiotic cell cycle phase prior to a during which some part of meiosis I nuclear division or the proceeding cytokinesis occurs.
98765 meiosis II cell cycle phase P A meiotic cell cycle phase that occurs after meiosis I (the first meiotic nuclear division).
98768 meiotic prometaphase I P The meiotic cell cycle phase in eukaryotes between meiotic prophase I and meiotic metaphase I. During meiotic prometaphase I, the nuclear envelope breaks down and one kinetochore forms per chromosome. Chromosomes attach to spindle microtubules and begin to move towards the metaphase plate.
98769 TIMP family protein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any member of the Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) family. TIMPs are endogenous protein regulators of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) family
98770 FBXO family protein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any member of the FBXO protein family. Members of this family have an F-box protein motif of approximately 50 amino acids that functions as a site of protein-protein interaction.
98771 inorganic ion homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of inorganic ions within an organism or cell.
98772 molecular function regulator F A molecular function that modulates the activity of a gene product or complex. Examples include enzyme regulators and channel regulators.
98773 skin epidermis development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skin epidermis over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
98774 curli C A proteinaceous extracellular fiber, produced by an enteric bacterium, that is involved in surface and cell-cell contacts that promote community behavior and host colonization.
98775 curli assembly P The process of assembly of curli, extracellular fibers produced by enteric bacteria. This process occurs outside the cell, where it is coupled to secretion across the cell outer membrane via nucleation by elements of the transporter complex.
98776 protein transport across the cell outer membrane P The directed movement of proteins across the cell outer membrane.
98777 protein secretion by the type VIII secretion system P Protein secretion through the outer membrane via the mechanism used for the secretion of curli subunits.
98778 curli subunit secretion coupled to curli assembly P The secretion of soluble curli subunits through the outer membrane, coupled to nucleation of curli fiber formation at the membrane surface.
98779 mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization P The macromitophagy process that is triggered by a detection of the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential.
98780 response to mitochondrial depolarisation P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) in response to the depolarization of one or more mitochondria.
98781 ncRNA transcription P The transcription of non (protein) coding RNA from a DNA template.
98782 mechanically-gated potassium channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by a channel that opens in response to a mechanical stress.
98783 correction of merotelic kinetochore attachment, mitotic P The cell cycle process that corrects the anomalous association of a single chromatid kinetochore with mitotic spindle microtubules emanating from both spindle poles (otherwise known as merotelic attachment to the spindle).
98784 biofilm matrix organization P A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a biofilm matrix.
98785 biofilm matrix assembly P A process that results in the assembly of a biofilm matrix.
98786 biofilm matrix disassembly P A process that results in the disassembly of a biofilm matrix.
98787 mRNA cleavage involved in mRNA processing P Cleavage of an immature mRNA transcript to produce one or more more mature mRNA transcripts, prior to translation into polypeptide.
98788 dendritic knob C The terminal swelling of an apical dendrite of a ciliated olfactory receptor neuron. Each knob gives rise to 5 to 20 long delicate nonmotile cilia, which extend into the mucus covering the sensory epithelium.
98789 pre-mRNA cleavage required for polyadenylation P The targeted, endonucleolytic cleavage of a pre-mRNA, required for polyadenylation of the 3' end. This cleavage is directed by binding sites near the 3' end of the mRNA and leaves a 3' hydoxyl end which then becomes a target for adenylation.
98790 ncRNA transcription associated with protein coding gene TSS/TES P The transcription of non-coding RNA associated with transcriptional start and end sites of protein coding genes. This occurs at some low level for many protein coding genes.
98791 Golgi subcompartment C A compartment that consists of a lumen and an enclosing membrane, and is part of the Golgi Apparatus.
98792 xenophagy P The macroautophagy process in which a region of cytoplasm containing an intracellular pathogen or some part of an intracellular pathogen (e.g. viral capsid) is enclosed in a double membrane bound autophagosome, which then fuses with the lysosome leading to degradation of the contents.
98793 presynapse C The part of a synapse that is part of the presynaptic cell.
98794 postsynapse C The part of a synapse that is part of the post-synaptic cell.
98795 mRNA cleavage involved in gene silencing P Cleavage of an mRNA occurring as part of the mechanism of gene silencing.
98796 membrane protein complex C Any protein complex that is part of a membrane.
98797 plasma membrane protein complex C Any protein complex that is part of the plasma membrane.
98798 mitochondrial protein complex C A protein complex that is part of a mitochondrion.
98799 outer mitochondrial membrane protein complex C Any protein complex that is part of the outer mitochondrial membrane.
98800 inner mitochondrial membrane protein complex C Any protein complex that is part of the inner mitochondrial membrane.
98801 regulation of renal system process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by the renal system.
98802 plasma membrane receptor complex C Any protein complex that is part of the plasma membrane and which functions as a receptor.
98803 respiratory chain complex C Any protein complex that is part of a respiratory chain
98804 non-motile cilium membrane C The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a non-motile cilium.
98805 whole membrane C Any lipid bilayer that completely encloses some structure, and all the proteins embedded in it or attached to it. Examples include the plasma membrane and most organelle membranes.
98806 deadenylation involved in gene silencing by miRNA P Shortening of the poly(A) tail of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA following miRNA binding to mRNA, resulting in destabilization of the mRNA and a reduction in the efficiency of its translation.
98807 chloroplast thylakoid membrane protein complex C A protein complex that is part of a chloroplast thylakoid membrane.
98808 mRNA cap binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a 7-methylguanosine (m7G) group or derivative located at the 5' end of an mRNA molecule.
98809 nitrite reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: nitrite + acceptor = product(s) of nitrate reduction + reduced acceptor.
98810 neurotransmitter reuptake P The directed movement of neurotransmitter molecules from the extrasynaptic space into the presynaptic cytosol.
98811 transcriptional repressor activity, RNA polymerase II activating transcription factor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II activating transcription factor and also with the RNA polymerase II basal transcription machinery in order to stop, prevent, or reduce the frequency, rate or extent of transcription.
98812 nuclear rRNA polyadenylation involved in polyadenylation-dependent rRNA catabolic process P The enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end of a rRNA, occurring as part of the process of polyadenylation-dependent rRNA catabolism in the nucleus.
98813 nuclear chromosome segregation P The process in which genetic material, in the form of nuclear chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. Nuclear chromosome segregation begins with the condensation of chromosomes, includes chromosome separation, and ends when chromosomes have completed movement to the spindle poles.
98814 spontaneous synaptic transmission P The low level of synaptic transmission that occurs via spontaneous neurotransmitter release into the synaptic cleft in the absence of a presynaptic action potential.
98815 modulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP). EPSP is a process that leads to a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an EPSP is an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and makes it easier for the neuron to fire an action potential.
98816 mini excitatory postsynaptic potential P A process that leads to a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell, induced by the spontaneous release of a single vesicle of an excitatory neurotransmitter into the synapse.
98817 evoked excitatory postsynaptic potential P A process that leads to a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell induced by the evoked release of many vesicles of excitatory neurotransmitter at the synapse.
98818 hyperpolarization of postsynaptic membrane P A process that hyerpolarizes a postsynaptic membrane relative to its resting potential. This has an inhibitory effect on the post-synaptic cell, moving the membrane potential away from the firing threshold.
98819 depolarization of postsynaptic membrane P A process that depolarizes a postsynaptic membrane relative to its resting potential. This has an excitatory effect on the post-synaptic cell, moving the membrane potential towards the firing threshold.
98820 trans-synaptic protein complex C A protein complex that spans the synaptic cleft and has parts in both the pre- and post-synaptic membranes.
98821 BMP receptor activity F Combining with a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family, and transmitting a signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.
98822 peptidyl-cysteine modification to L-cysteine persulfide P The modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-L-cysteine persulfide.
98823 peptidyl-cysteine modification to S-amindino-L-cysteine P The amidinylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-amidino-L-cysteine.
98824 petidyl-cysteine sulfation P The sulfation of peptidyl-cysteine to form S-sulfo-L-cysteine.
98825 peptidyl-histidine guanylation P The guanylylation of peptidyl-histidine to form (phospho-5'-guanosine)-L-histidine.
98826 endoplasmic reticulum tubular network membrane C The membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum tubular network.
98827 endoplasmic reticulum subcompartment C A distinct region of the endoplasmic reticulum
98828 modulation of inhibitory postsynaptic potential P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP). IPSP is a temporary decrease in postsynaptic membrane potential due to the flow of negatively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an IPSP is an inhibitory postsynaptic current (IPSC) and makes it more difficult for the neuron to fire an action potential.
98829 intestinal folate absorption P Uptake of folic into the blood by absorption from the small intestine.
98830 presynaptic endosome C An endosome present in the presynapse that fuses with endocytic vesicles arising in the presynaptic endocytic zone. This organelle is believed to be involved in regeneration of synaptic vesicles.
98831 presynaptic active zone cytoplasmic component C A specialized region below the presynaptic membrane, characterized by electron-dense material, a specialized cytoskeletal matrix and accumulated (associated) synaptic vesicles.
98832 peri-centrosomal recycling endosome C A recycling endosome that is organized around the microtubule organizing center, close to the nucleus. This is the main recycling endosome of most cells. It receives input from the Golgi as well as recycled molecules from early endosomes.
98833 presynaptic endocytic zone C A specialized region of the plasma membrane and underlying cytoplasm which surround the the active zone, into which synaptic vesicle membranes are recycled following exocytosis. It is especially enriched in endocytic proteins following intense activity.
98834 presynaptic endocytic zone cytoplasmic component C The cytoplasmic component of the presynaptic endocytic zone.
98835 presynaptic endocytic zone membrane C The region of the presynaptic membrane that is part of the presynaptic endocytic zone - where synaptic vesicles are endocytosed and recycled following release.
98836 cytoskeleton of dendritic spine C The portion of the cytoskeleton that lies within a dendritic spine. The actin component of this cytoskeleton is involved in spine head remodelling in response to postsynaptic signalling.
98837 postsynaptic recycling endosome C A recycling endosome of the postsynapse. In postsynaptic terminals with dendritic spines, it is typically located at the base of a dendritic spine. It is involved in recycling of neurotransmitter receptors to the postsynaptic membrane. In some cases at least, this recycling is activated by postsynaptic signalling and so can play a role in long term potentiation.
98838 reduced folate transmembrane transport P The directed movement of reduced folate (dihydrofolate, tetrahydrofolate, methylene-tetrahydrofolate or methyl-tetrahydrofolate) across a membrane.
98839 postsynaptic density membrane C The membrane component of the postsynaptic density. This is the region of the postsynaptic membrane in which the population of neurotransmitter receptors involved in synaptic transmission are concentrated.
98840 protein transport along microtubule P The directed movement of a protein along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins.
98841 protein localization to cell division site after cytokinesis P A cellular protein localization process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the site of cell division following cytokinesis.
98842 postsynaptic early endosome C An early endosome of the postsynapse. It acts as the major sorting station on the endocytic pathway, targeting neurotransmitter receptors for degregation or recycling.
98843 postsynaptic endocytic zone C A stably positioned site of clathrin adjacent and physically attached to the postsynaptic specialization, which is the site of endocytosis of post-synaptic proteins.
98844 postsynaptic endocytic zone membrane C The region of the postsynaptic membrane that is part of the postsynaptic endocytic zone. This region of membrane is associated with stable clathrin puncta.
98845 postsynaptic endosome C An endosomal compartment that is part of the post-synapse. Only early and recycling endosomes are typically present in the postsynapse.
98846 podocyte foot C A cell projection of a podocyte (glomerular visceral epithelial cell) forming a foot-like structure projecting from a podocyte primary projection, that wraps around capillaries of a renal glomerulus. Adjacent feet (pedicels) interdigitate, leaving thin filtration slits between them, which are covered by slit diaphragms.
98847 sequence-specific single stranded DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with single-stranded DNA of a specific nucleotide composition.
98848 alpha-D-ribose 1-methylphosphonate 5-phosphate C-P-lyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-ribose 1-methylphosphonate 5-phosphate = alpha-D-ribose 1,2-cyclic phosphate 5-phosphate + methane.
98849 cellular detoxification of cadmium ion P Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of cadmium cations in a cell. These include transport of cadmium cations away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration.
98850 extrinsic component of synaptic vesicle membrane C The component of the synaptic vesicle membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
98851 double-stranded miRNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded miRNA. double-stranded miRNA is formed by processing of pre-miRNA stem-loop structures.
98852 lytic vacuole membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a lytic vacuole and separating its contents from the cytoplasm of the cell.
98853 ER-vacuole membrane contact site C A zone of apposition between endoplasmic-reticulum and lytic vacuole membranes, structured by bridging complexes.
98854 podocyte primary projection C A cell projection originating from a renal glomerular podocyte and extending to the renal glomerular podocyte foot.
98855 HCN channel complex C A cation ion channel that consists of a tetramer of HCN family members, has a preference for K+ over Na+ ions and is activated by membrane hyperpolarization. Some members of this family (HCN1, HCN2 and HCN4) are also activated when cAMP binds to their cyclic nucleotide binding domain (CNBD). Channel complexes of this family play an important role in the control of pacemaker activity in the heart.
98856 intestinal lipid absorption P Any process in which lipids are taken up from the contents of the intestine.
98857 membrane microdomain C A membrane region with a lipid composition that is distinct from that of the membrane regions that surround it.
98858 actin-based cell projection C A cell projection supported by an assembly of actin filaments, and which lacks microtubules.
98859 actin filament bundle of actin-based cell projection C A bundle of cross-linked actin filaments that is part of an actin-based cell protrusion, in which filaments are oriented such that the plus (barbed) ends are at the tip of the protrusion, capped by a tip complex which stabilizes the filaments.
98860 actin filament bundle of stereocilium C A bundle of hundreds of cross-linked actin filaments (an actin cable), that is the supporting structure of a stereocilium. Filaments are oriented such that the the plus (barbed) ends are at the tip of the protrusion and are capped by a tip complex which bridges to the plasma membrane.
98861 actin filament bundle of filopodium C A parallel bundle of actin filaments that is part of filopodium. Filaments are oriented such that the plus (barbed) ends are at the tip of the protrusion, capped by a tip complex.
98862 cluster of actin-based cell projections C A cell part consisting of multiple, closely packed actin-based cell projections.
98863 nuclear migration by microtubule mediated pushing forces P The directed movement of the nucleus by pushing forces exerted by polymerization of backward-extending microtubules.
98864 modification by symbiont of host occluding cell-cell junction P The process in which a symbiont organism effects a change in the structure or function of its host occluding junction, a cell-cell junction that seals cells together in an epithelium in a way that prevents even small molecules from leaking from one side of the sheet to the other.
98865 modification by symbiont of host bicellular tight junctions P The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of its host bicellular tight junctions, an occluding cell-cell junction that is composed of a branching network of sealing strands that completely encircles the apical end of each cell in an epithelial sheet
98866 multivesicular body fusion to apical plasma membrane P The fusion of the membrane of a multivesicular body with the apical plasma membrane, resulting in release of exosomes from the cell.
98867 intramembranous bone growth P The increase in size or mass of an intramembranous bone that contributes to the shaping of the bone.
98868 bone growth P The increase in size or mass of a bone that contributes to the shaping of that bone.
98869 cellular oxidant detoxification P Any process carried out at the cellular level that reduces or removes the toxicity superoxide radicals or hydrogen peroxide.
98870 action potential propagation P The propagation of an action potential along the plane of an excitable membrane. Action potentials typically propagate once triggered because the depolarization of adjacent membrane regions due to an action potential crosses the firing threshold.
98871 postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton C The actin cytoskeleton that is part of a postsynapse
98872 G-protein coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration F G-protein coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity, occurring in the postsynaptic membrane that is involved in regulating the cytosolic concentration of calcium ions in the postsynapse.
98873 neuronal action potential back-propagation P Propagation of an action potential in a neuron, from its site of initiation (typically the axon hillock) towards the soma.
98874 spike train P A series of sequential, propagated action potentials occurring in a single cell.
98875 epididymosome C A microvesicle of the epididymal fluid, from which spermatozoa aquire membrane proteins.
98876 vesicle-mediated transport to the plasma membrane P The directed movement of substances to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane by exocytosis.
98877 neurotransmitter receptor transport to plasma membrane P The directed movement of neurotransmitter receptor to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles.
98878 neurotransmitter receptor complex C Any protein complex that is capable of functioning as a neurotransmitter receptor.
98879 structural constituent of postsynaptic specialization F The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a postsynaptic specialization.
98880 maintenance of postsynaptic specialization structure P A process which maintains the organization and the arrangement of proteins in the presynaptic specialization.
98881 exocytic insertion of neurotransmitter receptor to plasma membrane P The exocytic fusion of neurotransmitter receptor containing vesicles with a plasma-membrane resulting in the integration of NT receptors with the plasma-membrane. This process includes tethering and docking steps that prepare vesicles for fusion.
98882 structural constituent of presynaptic active zone F The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a presynaptic active zone.
98883 synapse disassembly P A cellular process that results in the controlled breakdown of synapse. After it starts the process is continuous until the synapse has disappeared
98884 postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor internalization P A receptor-mediated endocytosis process that results in the internalization of a neurotransmitter receptor from the postsynaptic membrane endocytic zone into an endocytic vesicle.
98885 modification of postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton P Any process that modifies the structure of a postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton.
98886 modification of dendritic spine P Any process that modifies the structure of a dendritic spine.
98887 neurotransmitter receptor transport, endosome to postsynaptic membrane P The directed movement of neurotransmitter receptor from the postsynaptic endosome to the postsynaptic membrane in transport vesicles.
98888 extrinsic component of presynaptic membrane C The component of the presynaptic membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
98889 intrinsic component of presynaptic membrane C The component of the presynaptic membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
98890 extrinsic component of postsynaptic membrane C The component of the postsynaptic membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
98891 extrinsic component of presynaptic active zone membrane C The component of the presynaptic active zone membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
98892 extrinsic component of postsynaptic specialization membrane C The component of the postsynaptic specialization membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
98893 extrinsic component of postsynaptic endocytic zone C The component of the postsynaptic endocytic zone membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
98894 extrinsic component of presynaptic endocytic zone membrane C The component of the presynaptic endocytic zone membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
98895 postsynaptic endosome membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a postsynaptic endosome.
98896 postsynaptic early endosome membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a postsynaptic early endosome.
98897 spine apparatus membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding the spine apparatus.
98898 dense core granule lumen C The volume enclosed by the dense core granule membrane.
98899 spine apparatus lumen C The volume enclosed by the spine apparatus membrane.
98900 regulation of action potential P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.
98901 regulation of cardiac muscle cell action potential P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in a cardiac muscle cell. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.
98902 regulation of membrane depolarization during action potential P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of membrane depolarization during an action potential. Membrane depolarization is the process in which membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the resting potential.
98903 regulation of membrane repolarization during action potential P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of membrane repolarization during an action potential. Membrane repolarization is the process in which membrane potential changes in the repolarizing direction, towards the resting potential.
98904 regulation of AV node cell action potential P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in an atrioventricular node myocyte. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.
98905 regulation of bundle of His cell action potential P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in a cardiac muscle cell of the bundle of His. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.
98906 regulation of Purkinje myocyte action potential P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in a Purkinje myocyte. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.
98907 regulation of SA node cell action potential P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in an SA node cardiac myocyte. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.
98908 regulation of neuronal action potential P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in a neuron. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.
98909 regulation of cardiac muscle cell action potential involved in regulation of contraction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in a cardiac muscle cell contributing to the regulation of its contraction.
98910 regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in an atrial cardiac muscle cell contributing to the regulation of its contraction. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.
98911 regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in a ventricular cardiac muscle cell contributing to the regulation of its contraction. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.
98912 membrane depolarization during atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential P The process in which atrial cardiac muscle cell membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the negative resting potential towards the positive membrane potential that will be the peak of the action potential.
98913 membrane depolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential P The process in which ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the negative resting potential towards the positive membrane potential that will be the peak of the action potential.
98914 membrane repolarization during atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential P The process in which ions are transported across a membrane such that the atrial cardiomyocyte membrane potential changes in the direction from the positive membrane potential at the peak of the action potential towards the negative resting potential.
98915 membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential P The process in which ions are transported across a membrane such that the ventricular cardiomyocyte membrane potential changes in the direction from the positive membrane potential at the peak of the action potential towards the negative resting potential.
98916 anterograde trans-synaptic signaling P Cell-cell signaling from pre to post-synapse, across the synaptic cleft
98917 retrograde trans-synaptic signaling P Cell-cell signaling from post to pre-synapse, across the synaptic cleft
98918 structural constituent of synapse F The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a synapse.
98919 structural constituent of postsynaptic density F The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a postsynaptic density.
98920 retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by lipid P Cell-cell signaling from postsynapse to presynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by a lipid ligand.
98921 retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by endocannabinoid P Cell-cell signaling from postsynapse to presynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by an endocannabinoid ligand.
98922 extrinsic component of dense core granule membrane C The component of the dense core granule membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
98923 retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by soluble gas P Cell-cell signaling from postsynapse to presynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by an soluble gas ligand.
98924 retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by nitric oxide P Cell-cell signaling from postsynapse to presynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by nitric oxide.
98925 retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by nitric oxide, modulating synaptic transmission P Modulation of synaptic transmission by cell-cell signaling from postsynapse to presynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by nitric oxide.
98926 postsynaptic signal transduction P Signal transduction in which the initial step occurs in a postsynapse.
98927 vesicle-mediated transport between endosomal compartments P A cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bounded vesicles between endosomal compartments, e.g, between early endosome and sorting endosome.
98928 presynaptic signal transduction P Signal transduction in which the initial step occurs in a presynapse.
98929 extrinsic component of spine apparatus membrane C The component of the spine apparatus membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
98930 axonal transport P The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules in axons.
98931 virion attachment to host cell flagellum P The process by which a virion attaches to a the host cell flagellum. Some DNA bacterial viruses use flagella to attach to the host cell. This contact with the flagellum facilitates concentration of phage particles around the entry receptor on the bacterial cell surface.
98932 disruption by virus of host cell wall petidoglycan during virus entry P A process carried out by a virus that breaks down peptidoglycans in the cell wall of its host during viral entry.
98933 disruption by symbiont of host cell envelope P The process by which a symbiont breaks down the cell wall of its host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
98934 retrograde dendritic transport P The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules in a dendrite from the postsynapse towards the cell body.
98935 dendritic transport P The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules in dendrites.
98936 intrinsic component of postsynaptic membrane C The component of the postsynaptic membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
98937 anterograde dendritic transport P The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules from the cell body toward the postsynapse in dendrites.
98938 actin cytoskeleton of dendritic spine C The actin cytoskeleton that is part of a dendritic spine.
98939 dendritic transport of mitochondrion P The directed movement of mitochondria along microtubules in nerve cell dendrites.
98940 anterograde trans-synaptic signaling by nitric oxide P Cell-cell signaling from presynapse to postynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by nitric oxide.
98941 anterograde trans-synaptic signaling by trans-synaptic protein complex P Cell-cell signaling from postsynapse to presynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by a trans-synaptic protein complex.
98942 retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by trans-synaptic protein complex P Cell-cell signaling from postsynapse to presynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by trans-synaptic protein complex.
98943 neurotransmitter receptor transport, postsynaptic endosome to lysosome P The directed movement of neurotransmitter receptor from the postsynaptic endosome in tranpsort vesicles to the lysosome for degradation.
98944 postsynaptic recycling endosome membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a postsynaptic recycling endosome.
98945 intrinsic component of presynaptic active zone membrane C The component of the presynaptic active zone membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
98946 intrinsic component of presynaptic endocytic zone membrane C The component of the presynaptic endocytic zone membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
98947 intrinsic component of postsynaptic endocytic zone membrane C The component of the postsynaptic endocytic zone membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
98948 intrinsic component of postsynaptic specialization membrane C The component of the postsynaptic specialization membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
98949 intrinsic component of postsynaptic endosome membrane C The component of the postsynaptic endosome membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
98950 intrinsic component of postsynaptic early endosome membrane C The component of the postsynaptic early endosome membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
98951 intrinsic component of postsynaptic recycling endosome membrane C The component of the postsynaptic recycling endosome membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
98952 intrinsic component of spine apparatus membrane C The component of the spine apparatus membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
98953 receptor diffusion trapping P The process by which a membrane receptor, diffusing freely within the plasma membeane, becomes trapped in some plasma membrane region. This can happen when a receptor bind, directly or indirectly, to some component of the underlying matrix.
98954 presynaptic endosome membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a presynaptic endosome.
98955 intrinsic component of presynaptic endosome membrane C The component of the presynaptic endosome membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
98956 intrinsic component of dense core granule membrane C The component of the dense core granule membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
98957 anterograde axonal transport of mitochondrion P The directed movement of mitochondria along microtubules in axons away from the cell body and towards the presynapse.
98958 retrograde axonal transport of mitochondrion P The directed movement of mitochondria along microtubules in axons towards the cell body and away from the presynapse.
98959 retrograde dendritic transport of mitochondrion P The directed movement of mitochondria along microtubules in dendrites towards the cell body and away from the postsynapse.
98960 postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor activity F
98961 dendritic transport of ribonucleoprotein complex P The directed movement of a ribonucleoprotein complex along microtubules in nerve cell dendrites.
98962 regulation of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in synaptic transmission. Modulation may be via an effect on ligand affinity, or effector funtion such as ion selectivity or pore opening/closing in ionotropic receptors.
98963 dendritic transport of messenger ribonucleoprotein complex P The directed movement of a messenger ribonucleoprotein complex along microtubules in nerve cell dendrites.
98964 anterograde dendritic transport of messenger ribonucleoprotein complex P The directed movement of a messenger ribonucleoprotein complex along microtubules in nerve cell dendrites towards the postsynapse.
98965 extracellular matrix of synaptic cleft C The portion of the extracellular matrix that lies within the synaptic cleft.
98966 perisynaptic extracellular matrix C The portion of the extracellular matrix that lies within the perisynaptic space.
98967 exocytic insertion of neurotransmitter receptor to postsynaptic membrane P The exocytic fusion of neurotransmitter receptor containing vesicles with a plasma-membrane resulting in the integration of NT receptors with the plasma-membrane enabling them to participate in neurotransmitter reception. This process includes tethering and docking steps that prepare vesicles for fusion.
98968 neurotransmitter receptor transport postsynaptic membrane to endosome P Vesicle-mediated transport of a neurotransmitter receptor complex from the postsynaptic membrane to the postsynaptic early endosome.
98969 neurotransmitter receptor transport to postsynaptic membrane P The directed movement of neurotransmitter receptor to the postsynaptic membrane in transport vesicles.
98970 postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor diffusion trapping P The process by which diffusing neurotransmitter receptor becomes trapped at the postsynaptic specialization membrane. This is typically due to interaction with components of the post-synaptic specialization.
98971 anterograde dendritic transport of neurotransmitter receptor complex P The directed movement of a neurotransmitter receptor complex along microtubules in nerve cell dendrites towards the postsynapse.
98972 anterograde dendritic transport of mitochondrion P The directed movement of mitochondria along microtubules in dendrites towards the postsynapse and away from the cell body.
98973 structural constituent of postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton F The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton.
98974 postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins in the postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton.
98975 postsynapse of neuromuscular junction C The postsynapse of a neuromuscular junction. In vertebrate muscles this includes the motor end-plate, consisting of postjunctional folds of the sarcolemma.
98976 excitatory chemical synaptic transmission P Synaptic transmission that results in an excitatory postsynaptic potential.
98977 inhibitory chemical synaptic transmission P Synaptic transmission that results in an inhibitory postsynaptic potential.
98978 glutamatergic synapse C A synapse that uses glutamate as a neurotransmitter.
98979 polyadic synapse C A synapse consisting of a single presynapse and multiple postsynapses. These postsynapses may come from the same cell of from different cells. Polyadic synapses are common in arthropod and nematode central nervous systems.
98980 presynaptic density C An electron dense specialization of the presynaptic active zone cytoskeleton.
98981 cholinergic synapse C A synapse that uses acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter.
98982 GABA-ergic synapse C A synapse that uses GABA as a neurotransmitter. These synapses are typically inhibitory.
98983 symmetric, GABA-ergic, inhibitory synapse C An neuron to neuron synapse that lacks an electron dense postsynaptic specialization, uses GABA as a neurotransmitter and whose activity results in inhibitory postsynaptic potentials.
98984 neuron to neuron synapse C A synapse in which pre and post-synaptic cells are neurons.
98985 asymmetric, glutamatergic, excitatory synapse C An neuron to neuron synapse with a postsynaptic density, that uses glutamate as a neurotransmitter and whose activity results in excitatory postsynaptic potentials.
98986 T-bar C A T-shaped presynpatic density. These are common in arhropod central nervous systems.
98987 regulation of modification of synapse structure, modulating synaptic transmission P Any process that regulates the modification of synaptic structure and as a result regulates synaptic transmission.
98988 G-protein coupled glutamate receptor activity F Combining with glutamate and transmitting a signal from one side of the membrane to the other by activating an associated G-protein, initiating a change in cell activity.
98989 NMDA selective glutamate receptor signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by glutamate binding to an NMDA-selective glutamate receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by the movement of ions through a channel in the receptor complex. Ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
98990 AMPA selective glutamate receptor signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by glutamate binding to an AMPA-selective glutamate receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by the movement of ions through a channel in the receptor complex. Ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
98991 kainate selective glutamate receptor signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by glutamate binding to an kainate-selective glutamate receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by the movement of ions through a channel in the receptor complex. Ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
98992 neuronal dense core vesicle C A dense core vesicle (granule) that is part of a neuron. These vesicles typically contain neuropeptides. They can be found in all parts of neurons, including the soma, dendrites, axonal swellings (varicosities) and synaptic terminals.
98993 anchored component of synaptic vesicle membrane C The component of the synaptic vesicle membrane consisting of the gene products that are tethered to the membrane only by a covalently attached anchor, such as a lipid group that is embedded in the membrane. Gene products with peptide sequences that are embedded in the membrane are excluded from this grouping.
98994 disruption of host cell envelope during viral entry P The disruption of host cell envelope by viral proteins during virus entry
98995 disruption by virus of host envelope lipopolysaccharide during virus entry P The breakdown of lipopolysaccharides in a host cell envelope during virus entry into a host cell. For example a phage entering a gram-negative bacterium may actively break down outer membrane lipopolysaccharides.
98996 disruption of host cell glycocalyx during viral entry P The disruption of host cell glycocalyx by viral proteins during virus entry
98997 fusion of virus membrane with host outer membrane P Fusion of a viral membrane with the host cell outer membrane during viral entry.
98998 extrinsic component of postsynaptic early endosome membrane C The component of the postsynaptic early endosome membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
98999 extrinsic component of postsynaptic endosome membrane C The component of the postsynaptic endosome membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
99000 viral genome ejection through host cell envelope, contractile tail mechanism P Ejection by a non-enveloped prokaryotic virus of its genome into the host cytoplasm via a contractile tail ejection system consisting of a baseplate, a central tube and an external contractile sheath. Upon binding to the host cell surface, the baseplate changes its conformation and triggers sheath contraction, driving the rigid internal tail tube through the cell envelope.
99001 viral genome ejection through host cell envelope, long flexible tail mechanism P Ejection by a non-enveloped prokaryotic virus of its genome into the host cytoplasm via a long, flexible tail ejection system consisting a baseplate, a central tube and a terminator complex which attaches the tail to the phage capsid. Upon binding to the host cell surface, the baseplate changes its conformation and triggers genome ejection into the host cell cytoplasm.
99002 viral genome ejection through host cell envelope, short tail mechanism P Ejection by a non-enveloped prokaryotic virus of its genome into the host cytoplasm via a short tail ejection system consisting a central tube, the connector which attaches the tail to the phage capsid and releases inner core proteins. Upon binding to the host cell surface, the phage displays a tube-like extension of its short tail that penetrates both host membranes. This tail extension comes from the release of viral core proteins with channel forming properties.
99003 vesicle-mediated transport in synapse P Any vesicle-mediated transport that occurs in a synapse
99004 calmodulin dependent kinase signaling pathway P Any signal transduction pathway involving calmodulin dependent kinase activity.
99005 extrinsic component of postsynaptic recycling endosome membrane C The component of the postsynaptic recycling endosome membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
99006 viral entry via permeabalization of endosomal membrane P The entry of a non-enveloped virus into a host eukaryotic cell, following endocytosis, via permeabalisation of the endosomal membrane by membrane penetration protein(s) associated with the viral capsid. In some cases, viral membrane-penetration protein require first to be activated to display its membrane penetrating activity. Activation can be due to receptor binding or the acidic pH of the endosomal lumen.
99007 extrinsic component of presynaptic endosome membrane C The component of the presynaptic endosome membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
99008 viral entry via permeabalization of inner membrane P The entry of a non-enveloped virus into the cytoplasm of a host prokaryotic cell, following fusion with the outer membrane, via permeabalisation of the plasma (inner) membrane. In the case of some double stranded RNA viruses of prokaryotes this occurs via interaction of a membrane-interacting component of the capsid, leading to depolarization an permeabalization of the plasma membrane.
99009 viral genome circularization P The circularization of a viral genome following infection of a host cell. This is common amongst bacterial viruses to protect the viral genome ends from nucleases, to convert the linear genome to an integrative precursor or to give rise to the replicative form of the genome. It can be mediated by covalent closure of the DNA sticky ends, recombinaison between redundant terminal sequences or via the binding of a protein at the viral DNA extremities
99010 modification of postsynaptic structure P Any process that modifies the structure of a postsynapse.
99011 neuronal dense core vesicle exocytosis P The secretion of molecules (e.g. neuropeptides, insulin-related peptides or neuromodulators such as serotonin and dopamine) contained within a neuronal dense core vesicle by fusion of the granule with the plasma membrane of a neuron in response to increased cytosolic calcium levels.
99012 neuronal dense core vesicle membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a neuronal dense core vesicle.
99013 neuronal dense core vesicle lumen C The volume enclosed by a neuronal dense core vesicle membrane.
99014 neuronal dense core vesicle organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a neuronal dense core vesicle.
99015 degradation of host chromosome by virus P The catabolic breakdown of the DNA of a host chromosome by a virus. This occurs during infection of bacteria by some phages. It frees up a large pool of nucleoside 5'-triphophates for use in viral DNA synthesis.
99016 DNA end degradation evasion by virus P Any process, either active or passive, by which a virus evades and ends degradation of its DNA when free viral-DNA ends are exposed as part of its life-cycle. For example, some bacteriophages encode proteins that bind to free viral DNA ends, protecting them from degradation by host exonucleases.
99017 maintenance of protein localization at cell tip P Any process in which localization of a protein is maintained at the cell tip.
99018 restriction-modification system evasion by virus P Any process, either active or passive, by which a virus evades the DNA restriction modification system of its host. Some viruses encode their own methyltransferase in order to protect their genome from host restriction enzymes. Others directly inhibit restruction enzymes while some use unusual bases in their genome to avoid restriction.
99019 maintenance of protein localization at growing cell tip P Any process in which localization of a protein is maintained at the growing cell tip.
99020 perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum lumen C The volume enclosed by the membranes of the perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum.
99021 cortical endoplasmic reticulum lumen C The volume enclosed by the membranes of the cortical endoplasmic reticulum.
99022 vesicle tethering P The initial, indirect interaction between a vesicle membrane and a membrane to which it is targeted for fusion. This interaction is mediated by tethering factors (or complexes), which interact with both membranes. Interaction can occur via direct binding to membrane phospholipids or membrane proteins, or via binding to vesicle coat proteins. This process is distinct from and prior to interaction between factors involved in fusion.
99023 tethering complex C Any protein complex that plays a role in vesicle tethering.
99024 plasma membrane invagination P An infolding of the plasma membrane.
99025 anchored component of postsynaptic membrane C The component of the postsynaptic membrane consisting of the gene products that are tethered to the membrane only by a covalently attached anchor, such as a lipid group that is embedded in the membrane. Gene products with peptide sequences that are embedded in the membrane are excluded from this grouping.
99026 anchored component of presynaptic membrane C The component of the presynaptic membrane consisting of the gene products that are tethered to the membrane only by a covalently attached anchor, such as a lipid group that is embedded in the membrane. Gene products with peptide sequences that are embedded in the membrane are excluded from this grouping.
99027 anchored component of presynaptic endocytic zone membrane C The component of the presynaptic endocytic zone membrane consisting of the gene products that are tethered to the membrane only by a covalently attached anchor, such as a lipid group that is embedded in the membrane. Gene products with peptide sequences that are embedded in the membrane are excluded from this grouping.
99028 anchored component of postynaptic endocytic zone membrane C The component of the postynaptic endocytic zone membrane consisting of the gene products that are tethered to the membrane only by a covalently attached anchor, such as a lipid group that is embedded in the membrane. Gene products with peptide sequences that are embedded in the membrane are excluded from this grouping.
99029 anchored component of presynaptic active zone membrane C The component of the presynaptic active zone membrane consisting of the gene products that are tethered to the membrane only by a covalently attached anchor, such as a lipid group that is embedded in the membrane. Gene products with peptide sequences that are embedded in the membrane are excluded from this grouping.
99030 anchored component of postsynaptic specialization membrane C The component of the postsynaptic specialization membrane consisting of the gene products that are tethered to the membrane only by a covalently attached anchor, such as a lipid group that is embedded in the membrane. Gene products with peptide sequences that are embedded in the membrane are excluded from this grouping.
99031 anchored component of postsynaptic density membrane C The component of the postsynaptic density membrane consisting of the gene products that are tethered to the membrane only by a covalently attached anchor, such as a lipid group that is embedded in the membrane. Gene products with peptide sequences that are embedded in the membrane are excluded from this grouping.
99032 anchored component of postsynaptic early endosome membrane C The component of the postsynaptic early endosome membrane consisting of the gene products that are tethered to the membrane only by a covalently attached anchor, such as a lipid group that is embedded in the membrane. Gene products with peptide sequences that are embedded in the membrane are excluded from this grouping.
99033 anchored component of postsynaptic recycling endosome membrane C The component of the postsynaptic recycling endosome membrane consisting of the gene products that are tethered to the membrane only by a covalently attached anchor, such as a lipid group that is embedded in the membrane. Gene products with peptide sequences that are embedded in the membrane are excluded from this grouping.
99034 anchored component of postsynaptic endosome membrane C The component of the postsynaptic endosome membrane consisting of the gene products that are tethered to the membrane only by a covalently attached anchor, such as a lipid group that is embedded in the membrane. Gene products with peptide sequences that are embedded in the membrane are excluded from this grouping.
99035 anchored component of spine apparatus membrane C The component of the spine apparatus membrane consisting of the gene products that are tethered to the membrane only by a covalently attached anchor, such as a lipid group that is embedded in the membrane. Gene products with peptide sequences that are embedded in the membrane are excluded from this grouping.
99036 anchored component of neuronal dense core vesicle membrane C The component of the neuronal dense core vesicle membrane consisting of the gene products that are tethered to the membrane only by a covalently attached anchor, such as a lipid group that is embedded in the membrane. Gene products with peptide sequences that are embedded in the membrane are excluded from this grouping.
99037 anchored component of presynaptic endosome membrane C The component of the presynaptic endosome membrane consisting of the gene products that are tethered to the membrane only by a covalently attached anchor, such as a lipid group that is embedded in the membrane. Gene products with peptide sequences that are embedded in the membrane are excluded from this grouping.
99038 ceramide-translocating ATPase activity F Catalysis of the movement of ceramide from one membrane bilayer leaflet to the other, driven by the hydrolysis of ATP.
99039 sphingolipid translocation P The movement of a sphingolipid molecule from one leaflet of a membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet.
99040 ceramide translocation P The movement of a ceramide molecule from one leaflet of a membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet.
99041 vesicle tethering to Golgi P The initial, indirect interaction between a transport vesicle membrane and the membrane of the Golgi. This interaction is mediated by tethering factors (or complexes), which interact with both membranes. Interaction can occur via direct binding to membrane phospholipids or membrane proteins, or via binding to vesicle coat proteins. This process is distinct from and prior fusion.
99042 nucleation of clathrin-coated pit P The first step in clathrin-dependent endocytosis: invagination of the plasma membrane to form a pit.
99043 cargo loading involved in clathrin-dependent endocytosis P Formation of a macromolecular complex during clathrin-dependent endocytosis that connects the assembling clathrin coat to the proteins and/or lipoproteins to be transported in an endocytic vesicle. This complex includes a receptor and an adaptor protein that links the receptor to the clathrin coat.
99044 vesicle tethering to endoplasmic reticulum P The initial, indirect interaction between a transport vesicle membrane and the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. This interaction is mediated by tethering factors (or complexes), which interact with both membranes. Interaction can occur via direct binding to membrane phospholipids or membrane proteins, or via binding to vesicle coat proteins. This process is distinct from and prior fusion.
99045 viral extrusion P The process whereby a filamentous phage particle is released from a bacterial host cell via a concerted mechanism of assembly and secretion. Neosynthesized virions are coordinately exported as they are assembled at the cell surface in a secretory process that leaves the host cell fully viable. Non-capsid proteins form structures that facilitate translocation through the inner membrane and outer membranes. A viral single-stranded DNA binding protein coats progeny viral DNA molecules to generate the intracellular precursor for assembly of phage particles as they are extruded through the membranes of the bacterial host. The structural proteins of the virus are anchored in the inner membrane before their incorporation into the phage particle. As assembly proceeds, the phage genome traverses the inner and outer membranes until the entire DNA molecule has been coated and extruded.
99046 clearance of foreign intracellular nucleic acids P A defense process that protects an organism from invading foreign DNA or RNA.
99047 clearance of foreign intracellular RNA P A defense process that protects an organism from invading foreign RNA.
99048 CRISPR-cas system P An adaptive immune response of bacteria that serves to clear host cells of foreign DNA and RNA. It has three distinct stage: acquisition of foreign DNA by integration into CRISPR loci in the host chromosome, CRISPR RNA (crRNA) biogenesis, and target interference. CISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat, which describes the nature of the loci.
99049 clathrin coat assembly involved in endocytosis P The process that results in the assembly of clathrin triskelia into a clathrin cage during endocytosis. Clathrin is recruited to the plasma membrane via interaction with scaffolding proteins that bridge between clathtin and cell surface receptors. Clathrin coat formation is concomittant with coated pit formation leading to endocytic vesicle formation.
99050 vesicle scission P The membrane scission process that is the final step in the formation of a vesicle: separation from its parent membrane.
99051 vesicle scission involved in endocytosis P The membrane scission process that is the final step in the formation of an endocytic vesicle: separation from the plasma membrane.
99052 vesicle scission involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis P The membrane scission process that is the final step in the formation of a clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle: separation from the plasma membrane.
99053 activating signal cointegrator 1 complex C A protein complex that contains TRIP4 (ASC1) and acts a transcriptional coactivator by interacting with transcription factors such as NF-kappa B. In humans this complex has 4 subunits: TRIP4 + ASCC1-3.
99054 presynapse assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a presynapse.
99055 integral component of postsynaptic membrane C The component of the postsynaptic membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
99056 integral component of presynaptic membrane C The component of the presynaptic membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
99057 integral component of presynaptic endocytic zone membrane C The component of the presynaptic endocytic zone membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
99058 integral component of postsynaptic endocytic zone membrane C The component of the postsynaptic endocytic zone membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
99059 integral component of presynaptic active zone membrane C The component of the presynaptic active zone membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
99060 integral component of postsynaptic specialization membrane C The component of the postsynaptic specialization membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
99061 integral component of postsynaptic density membrane C The component of the postsynaptic density membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
99062 integral component of postsynaptic early endosome membrane C The component of the postsynaptic early endosome membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
99063 integral component of postsynaptic recycling endosome membrane C The component of the postsynaptic recycling endosome membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
99064 integral component of postsynaptic endosome membrane C The component of the postsynaptic endosome membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
99065 integral component of spine apparatus membrane C The component of the spine apparatus membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
99066 integral component of neuronal dense core vesicle membrane C The component of the neuronal dense core vesicle membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
99067 integral component of presynaptic endosome membrane C The component of the presynaptic endosome membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
99068 postsynapse assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a postsynapse.
99069 synaptic vesicle tethering involved in synaptic vesicle exocytosis P The initial, indirect interaction between a synaptic vesicle membrane and a the preseynaptic membrane active zone. This interaction is mediated by tethering factors (or complexes), which interact with both membranes. This process is distinct from and prior to synaptic vesicle priming and fusion.
99070 static microtubule bundle C A microtubule bundle that has a constant length, and in which microtubule sliding does not take place.
99071 dynamic microtubule bundle C A microtubule bundle that undergoes changes in length, and in which microtubule sliding takes place.
99072 regulation of postsynaptic specialization membrane neurotransmitter receptor levels P Any process that regulates the the local concentration of neurotransmitter receptor at the postsynaptic specialization membrane.
99073 mitochondrion-derived vesicle C A vesicle derived via budding from a mitochondrion. These vesicles often contain inner membrane and, much more rarely, cristae.
99074 mitochondrion to lysosome transport P Transport from the mitochondrion to the lysosome, mediated by mitochondrion-derived vesicles
99075 mitochondrion-derived vesicle mediated transport P Transport from the mitochondrion, mediated by mitochondrion derived vesicles.
99076 mitochondrion to peroxisome transport P Transport from the mitochondrion to the peroxisome, mediated by mitochondrion-derived vesicles.
99077 histone-dependent DNA binding F DNA-binding activity that is dependent on binding to a histone.
99078 BORC complex C A protein complex that is invovled in positioning of the lysosome within the cytoplasm and which is composed of BLOC1S1, BLOC1S2, BORCS5, BORCS6, BORCS7, BORCS8, KXD1 and SNAPIN. The BORC complex recruits ARL8 at the cytosolic face of lysosomes and couples them to microtubule plus-end-directed kinesin motors.
99079 actin body C An amorphous cytoskeletal structure consisting of aggregated actin filaments and associated proteins (including fibrin and capping protein) in which there is little or no actin filament turnover. In yeast (S. pombe and S. cerevisiae) these are found only in quiescent cells and are thought to serve as a reserve store of actin.
99080 supramolecular complex C A cellular component that consists of an indeterminate number of proteins or macromolecular complexes, organized into a regular, higher-order structure such as a polymer, sheet, network or a fiber.
99081 supramolecular polymer C A polymeric supramolecular structure.
99082 retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide P Cell-cell signaling from postsynapse to presynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by a neuropeptide.
99083 retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide, modulating synaptic transmission P Modulation of synaptic transmittion by cell-cell signaling across the synaptic cleft from postsynapse to presynapse, mediated by a neuropeptide.
99084 postsynaptic specialization organization P A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a postsynaptic specialization, a structure that lies adjacent to the cytoplasmic face of the postsynaptic membrane.
99085 DIF dechlorinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-[(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxy)phenyl]hexan-1-one => 1-[(3-chloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxy)phenyl]hexan-1-one + Cl-
99086 synaptonemal structure C
99087 anterograde axonal transport of messenger ribonucleoprotein complex P The directed movement of a messenger ribonucleoprotein complex along microtubules in axons, towards the presynapse.
99088 axonal transport of messenger ribonucleoprotein complex P The directed movement of a messenger ribonucleoprotein complex along microtubules in axons.
99089 establishment of endoplasmic reticulum localization to postsynapse P The directed movement of endoplasmic reticulum into a postsynaptic compartment such as a dendritic spine.
99090 recycling endosome localization within postsynapse P Any process in which a postsynaptic recycling endosome is transported from one location to another within the postsynapse or mainted in a specific location in the postsynapse.
99091 postsynaptic specialization, intracellular component C A network of proteins adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane. Its major components include the proteins that spatially and functionally organize neurotransmitter receptors in the membrane, such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components.
99092 postsynaptic density, intracellular component C A network of proteins adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane forming an electron dense disc. Its major components include neurotransmitter receptors and the proteins that spatially and functionally organize neurotransmitter receptors in the membrane, such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components.
99093 mitochondrial calcium release P A process in which a calcium ion (Ca2+) is transported from one side of a membrane to the other out of the mitochondrion by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
99094 ligand-gated cation channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of an inorganic cation by a channel that opens when a specific ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
99095 ligand-gated anion channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of an inorganic anion by a channel that opens when a specific ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
99096 vestibular calyx terminal C The giant, cup-shaped axon terminal of a vestibular afferent neuron, serving as a post-synaptic contact to a type I hair cell.
99097 prospore membrane biogenesis P A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a prospore membrane.
99098 microtubule polymerization based movement P The movement of a cellular component as a result of microtubule polymerization.
99099 G-protein gated ion channel activity F An ion channel activity that is gated by binding of a G-protein beta-gamma dimer.
99100 G-protein gated cation channel activity F A cation channel activity that is gated by binding of a G-protein beta-gamma dimer.
99101 G-protein gated potassium channel activity F A potassium channel activity that is gated by binding of a G-protein beta-gamma dimer.
99102 G-protein gated potassium channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential F Any G-protein gated potassium channel activity that is involved regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential.
99103 channel activator activity F Direct interaction with a channel (binding or modification), resulting in its opening. A channel catalyzes energy-independent facilitated diffusion, mediated by passage of a solute through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.
99104 potassium channel activator activity F Direct interaction with a potassium channel (binding or modification), resulting in its opening.
99105 ion channel modulating, G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds through activation or inhibition of an ion channel.
99106 ion channel regulator activity F Modulates the activity of a channel via direct interaction with it. A channel catalyzes energy-independent facilitated diffusion, mediated by passage of a solute through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.
99107 ion channel regulator activity involved in G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway F Modulation of the activity of an ion channel via direct interaction with it as part of G-protein coupled receptor signaling.
99108 potassium channel activator activity involved in G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway F Activation potassium ion channel activity via direct interaction with a potassium ion channel during G-protein coupled receptor signaling.
99109 potassium channel activating, G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds activation of a potassium ion channel.
99110 microtubule polymerization based protein transport to cell tip cortex P The transport of a protein to the cortex of the cell tip, driven by polymerization of a microtubule to which the protein is attached.
99111 microtubule-based transport P A microtubule-based process that results in the transport of organelles, other microtubules, or other cellular components. Examples include motor-driven movement along microtubules and movement driven by polymerization or depolymerization of microtubules.
99112 microtubule polymerization based protein transport P The transport of a protein driven by polymerization of a microtubule to which it is attached.
99113 negative regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium concentration P Any process that decreases the concentration of calcium ions in the presynaptic cytosol.
99114 chromatin silencing at subtelomere P Repression of transcription of subtelomeric DNA by altering the structure of chromatin.
99115 chromosome, subtelomeric region C A heterochromatic region of the chromosome, adjacent to the telomere (on the centromeric side) that contains repetitive DNA and sometimes genes.
99116 tRNA 5'-end processing P The process in which the 5' end of a pre-tRNA molecule is converted to that of a mature tRNA.
99117 protein transport along microtubule to cell tip P The movement of a protein along a microtubule to the cell-tip, mediated by motor proteins.
99118 microtubule-based protein transport P A microtubule-based process that results in the transport of proteins.
99119 3-demethylubiquinone-8 3-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-demethylubiquinone-8 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + ubiquinone-8.
99120 colonial development P Development a structure consisting of multiple co-operating unicellular organisms of the same species. Examples include sorocarp development in Dictystelia and co-operative colonial structures formed by Myxococcus xanthus for the purpose of predation and fruiting body formation.
99121 fungal sorus development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a fungal sorus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A fungal sorus is a spore containing structure.
99122 RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II. The CTD is comprised of repeats of a heptapeptide with the consensus sequence YSPTSPS. The number of repeats varies with the species and a minimum number of repeats is required for RNAP II function.
99123 somato-dendritic dopamine secretion P The regulated release of dopamine from the somatodendritic compartment (cell body or dendrites) of a neuron.
99124 axonal dopamine secretion P The regulated release of dopamine from an axon.
99125 PAK family kinase-Sog2 complex C A protein kinase complex comprising a conserved PAK/GC/Ste20 family kinase, leucine rich repeat protein Sog2 family, which function as part of the cell shape network.
99126 transforming growth factor beta complex C A protein complex acting as ligand of the transforming growth factor beta receptor complex, typically a homodimer of any of the TFGbeta isoforms. The precursor of TGFbeta proteins is cleaved into mature TGFbeta and the latency-associated peptide (LAP), which remains non-covalently linked to mature TGFbeta rendering it inactive. TGFbeta is activated by dimerisation and dissociation of the LAP.
99127 envenomation resulting in positive regulation of argininosuccinate synthase activity in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the activation of the cytosolic argininosuccinate synthase in the bitten organism.
99128 mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster assembly complex C A protein complex consisting of frataxin, cysteine desulfurase, an accessory protein and a Fe-S scaffold protein. In human these genes correspond to FXN, NFS1, ISD11 and ISCU respectively. This complex assembles Fe-S clusters onto the scaffolding protein using the substrates ferrous iron, electrons, and sulfur from l-cysteine.
99129 cochlear outer hair cell electromotile response P A rapid, force generating length change of an outer hair cell in response to electical stimulation. This occurs naturally as during hearing where it serves a source of mechanical amplification.
99130 estrogen binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any estrogen.
99131 ATP hydrolysis coupled ion transmembrane transport P The transport of an inorganic ion across a membrane and against an electrochemical gradient, using energy from ATP hydrolysis.
99132 ATP hydrolysis coupled cation transmembrane transport P The transport of an inorganic cation across a membrane and against an electrochemical gradient, using energy from ATP hydrolysis.
99133 ATP hydrolysis coupled anion transmembrane transport P The transport of an inorganic anion across a membrane and against an electrochemical gradient, using energy from ATP hydrolysis.
99134 chimeric sorocarp development P Development of a sorocarp formed by aggregation of cells with different genotypes.
99135 chimeric colonial development P Development a structure consisting of multiple co-operating unicellular organisms of the same species, involving cells of more that one genotype.
99136 chimeric non-reproductive fruiting body development P Development of a non-reproductive fruiting body formed by aggregation of cells with different genotypes.
99137 altruistic, chimeric, non-reproductive fruiting body development P Development of a chimeric, non-reproductive fruiting body in which cells of all genotypes have an equal chance of becoming a spore cell.
99138 altruistic, chimeric sorocarp development P Development of a chimeric sorocarp in which cells of all genotypes have an equal chance of becoming a spore cell.
99139 cheating during chimeric sorocarp development P Any process during chimeric sorocarp development that increases by which a cell increases the number of spore cells sharing its genotype at the expense of cells of other genotypes.
99141 cellular response to protozoan P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a protozoan.
99142 intracellular ATP-gated ion channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when intracellular ATP has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
99400 caveola neck C A membrane microdomain that forms a necklace around the bulb (crater) of a caveola. Intramembrane particles are concentrated in this region and cytoskeletal components, including actin, are highly enriched in the area underlying it.
99401 caveola bulb C The region of a caveola that extends into the cytoplasm, excluding the neck (rim). This region is associated with intracellular caveola proteins.
99402 plant organ development P Development of a plant organ, a multi-tissue plant structure that forms a functional unit.
99403 maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, telomeric P The process in which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome along the length of the telomeric region is maintained as chromosomes condense, attach to the spindle in a bipolar orientation, and congress to the metaphase plate during a mitotic cell cycle.
99404 mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, telomeric P The cell cycle process in which telomeres of sister chromatids are joined during mitosis.
99500 vesicle fusion to plasma membrane P Fusion of the membrane of a vesicle with the plasma membrane, thereby releasing its contents into the extracellular space.
99501 exocytic vesicle membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding an exocytic vesicle
99502 calcium-dependent activation of synaptic vesicle fusion P The regulatory process by which increased cytosolic calcium levels lead to the the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic active zone membrane by bringing primed synaptic vesicle membrane into contact with membrane presynaptic active zone membrane.
99503 secretory vesicle C A cytoplasmic, membrane bound vesicle that is capable of fusing to the plasma membrane to release its contents into the extracellular space.
99504 synaptic vesicle cycle P A biological process in which synaptic vesicles are loaded with neurotransmitters, move to the active zone, exocytose and are then recycled via endocytosis, ultimately leading to reloading with neurotransmitters.
99505 regulation of presynaptic membrane potential P Any process that modulates the potential difference across a presynaptic membrane.
99506 synaptic vesicle transport along actin filament P The directed movement of synaptic vesicles along actin filaments within a cell, powered by molecular motors.
99507 ligand-gated ion channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential F Any ligand-gated ion channel activity, occurring in the presynaptic membrane, that is involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential.
99508 voltage-gated ion channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential F Voltage-gated ion channel activity, occurring in the presynaptic membrane, involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential. This is a key step in synaptic transmission, following the arrival of an action potential at the synapse.
99509 regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration P Any process that regulates the concentration of calcium in the presynaptic cytosol.
99510 calcium ion binding involved in regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration F The directed change of cytosolic calcium ion concentration in the cytosol via the reversible binding of calcium ions to calcium-binding proteins in the cytosol thereby modulating the spatial and temporal dynamics of changes in cytosolic calcium concentrations.
99511 voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved in regulation of cytosolic calcium levels F Regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentrations via the directed movement of calcium ions across the plasma-membrane into the cytosol via the action of a voltage-gated calcium ion channel.
99512 supramolecular fiber C A polymer consisting of an indefinite number of protein or protein complex subunits that have polymerised to form a fiber-shaped structure.
99513 polymeric cytoskeletal fiber C A component of the cytoskeleton consisting of a homo or heteropolymeric fiber constructed from an indeterminate number of protein subunits.
99514 synaptic vesicle cytoskeletal transport P The directed movement of synaptic vesicles along cytoskeletal fibers such as microfilaments or microtubules within a cell, powered by molecular motors.
99515 actin filament-based transport P The transport of organelles or other particles from one location in the cell to another along actin filaments.
99516 ion antiporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ion A(out) + ion B(in) = ion A(in) + ion B(out) where ion A and ion B are different types of ion.
99517 synaptic vesicle transport along microtubule P The directed movement of synaptic vesicles along microtubules within a cell, powered by molecular motors.
99518 vesicle cytoskeletal trafficking P The directed movement of a vesicle along a cytoskeletal fiber such as a microtubule or and actin filament, mediated by motor proteins.
99519 dense core granule cytoskeletal transport P The directed movement of dense core granules along cytoskeletal fibers, such as microtubules or actin filaments.
99520 ion antiporter activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential F Any ion antiporter activity, occurring in the presynaptic membrane, that is involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential
99521 ATPase coupled ion transmembrane transporter activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential F Any ATPase coupled ion transmembrane transporter activity, occurring in the presynaptic membrane, that is involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential.
99522 region of cytosol C Any (proper) part of the cytosol of a single cell of sufficient size to still be considered cytosol
99523 presynaptic cytosol C The region of the cytosol consisting of all cytosol that is part of the presynapse.
99524 postsynaptic cytosol C The region of the cytosol consisting of all cytosol that is part of the postsynapse.
99525 presynaptic dense core vesicle exocytosis P The secretion of molecules (e.g. neuropeptides and neuromodulators such as serotonin and dopamine) contained within a membrane-bounced dense in response to increased presynaptic cytosolic calcium levels.
99526 presynapse to nucleus signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals that conveys information from the presynapse to the nucleus via cytoskeletal transport of a protein from a presynapse to the component to the nucleus where it affects biochemical processes that occur in the nucleus (e.g DNA transcription, mRNA splicing, or DNA/histone modifications).
99527 postsynapse to nucleus signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals that conveys information from the postsynapse to the nucleus via cytoskeletal transport of a protein from a postsynapse to the component to the nucleus where it affects biochemical processes that occur in the nucleus (e.g DNA transcription, mRNA splicing, or DNA/histone modifications).
99528 G-protein coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity F Combining with a neurotransmitter and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
99529 neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential F Neurotransmitter receptor activity occurring in the postsynaptic membrane that is involved in regulating postsynaptic membrane potential, either directly (ionotropic receptors) or indirectly (e.g. via GPCR activation of an ion channel.)
99530 G-protein coupled receptor activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential F G-protein coupled receptor activity occurring in the postsynaptic membrane that is part of a GPCR signaling pathway that positively regulates ion channel activity in the postsynaptic membrane.
99531 presynaptic process involved in chemical synaptic transmission P The pathway leading to secretion of a neurotransmitter from the presynapse as part of synaptic transmission.
99532 synaptic vesicle endosomal processing P The process in which synaptic vesicles fuse to the presynaptic endosome followed by sorting of synaptic vesicle components and budding of new synaptic vesicles.
99533 positive regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium concentration P Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the presynaptic cytosol.
99534 calcium ion binding involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration F The directed change of presynaptic cytosolic free calcium ion concentration in the cytosol via the reversible binding of calcium ions to calcium-binding proteins in the cytosol thereby modulating the spatial and temporal dynamics of changes in presynaptic cytosolic calcium concentrations.
99535 synapse associated extracellular matrix C The extracellular matrix of the peri-synaptic space (the extracellular space adjacent to the synapse) and the synaptic cleft.
99536 synaptic signaling P Cell-cell signaling to or from a synapse.
99537 trans-synaptic signaling P Cell-cell signaling in either direction across the synaptic cleft.
99538 synaptic signaling via neuropeptide P Cell-cell signaling to or from a synapse, mediated by a peptide.
99539 neuropeptide secretion from presynapse P The secretion of neuropeptides contained within a dense core vesicle by fusion of the granule with the presynaptic membrane, stimulated by a rise in cytosolic calcium ion concentration.
99540 trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide P Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse mediated by a peptide ligand crossing the synaptic cleft.
99541 trans-synaptic signaling by lipid P Cell-cell signaling from post to pre-synapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by a lipid.
99542 trans-synaptic signaling by endocannabinoid P Cell-cell signaling in either direction across the synaptic cleft, mediated by an endocannabinoid ligand.
99543 trans-synaptic signaling by soluble gas P Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse mediated by a soluble gas ligand crossing the synaptic cleft.
99544 perisynaptic space C The extracellular region immediately adjacent to to a synapse.
99545 trans-synaptic signaling by trans-synaptic complex P Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse mediated by a trans-synaptic protein complex.
99546 protein catabolic process, modulating synaptic transmission P Any catabolic process, occurring at a presynapse, that regulates synaptic transmission.
99547 regulation of translation at synapse, modulating synaptic transmission P Any process that modulates synaptic transmission by regulating translation occurring at the synapse.
99548 trans-synaptic signaling by nitric oxide P Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse mediated by nitric oxide.
99549 trans-synaptic signaling by carbon monoxide P Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse mediated by carbon monoxide.
99550 trans-synaptic signalling, modulating synaptic transmission P Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, across the synaptic cleft, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse.
99551 trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide, modulating synaptic transmission P Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, via the vesicular release and reception of neuropeptide molecules, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse.
99552 trans-synaptic signaling by lipid, modulating synaptic transmission P Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, via the release and reception of lipid molecules, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse.
99553 trans-synaptic signaling by endocannabinoid, modulating synaptic transmission P Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, via the release and reception of endocannabinoid ligands, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse.
99554 trans-synaptic signaling by soluble gas, modulating synaptic transmission P Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, via the release and reception of gaseous molecules, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse.
99555 trans-synaptic signaling by nitric oxide, modulating synaptic transmission P Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, via the release and reception of nitric oxide molecules, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse.
99556 trans-synaptic signaling by carbon monoxide, modulating synaptic transmission P Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, via the release and reception of carbon monoxide molecules, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse.
99557 trans-synaptic signaling by trans-synaptic complex, modulating synaptic transmission P Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, mediated by transynaptic protein complexes, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse.
99558 maintenance of synapse structure P A process that preserves the structural organistation and orientation of a synaptic cellular component such as the synaptic cytoskeleton and molecular scaffolds.
99559 maintenance of alignment of postsynaptic density and presynaptic active zone P The process by which alignment between postsynaptic density and presynaptic active zone is maintained.
99560 synaptic membrane adhesion P The attachment of presynaptic membrane to postsynaptic membrane via adhesion molecules that are at least partially embedded in the plasma membrane.
99561 synaptic membrane adhesion to extracellular matrix P The binding of a synaptic membrane to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules.
99562 maintenance of postsynaptic density structure P A process which maintains the organization and the arrangement of proteins in the presynaptic density.
99563 modification of synaptic structure P Any process that modifies the structure/morphology of a synapse.
99564 modification of synaptic structure, modulating synaptic transmission P Any process that modulates synaptic transmission via modification of the structure of the synapse.
99565 chemical synaptic transmission, postsynaptic P The part of synaptic transmission occurring in the post-synapse: a signal transduction pathway consisting of neurotransmitter receptor activation and its effects on postsynaptic membrane potential and the ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol.
99566 regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration P Any process that regulates the concentration of calcium in the postsynaptic cytosol.
99567 calcium ion binding involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration F The directed change of free calcium ion concentration in the postsynaptic cytosol via the reversible binding of calcium ions to calcium-binding proteins in the cytosol thereby modulating the spatial and temporal dynamics of changes in postsynaptic cytosolic calcium concentrations.
99568 cytoplasmic region C Any (proper) part of the cytoplasm of a single cell of sufficient size to still be considered cytoplasm"
99569 presynaptic cytoskeleton C The portion of the cytoskeleton contained within the presynapse.
99571 postsynaptic cytoskeleton C The portion of the cytoskeleton contained within the postsynapse.
99572 postsynaptic specialization C A network of proteins within and adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane. Its major components include neurotransmitter receptors and the proteins that spatially and functionally organize them such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components.
99573 glutamatergic postsynaptic density C The post-synaptic specialization of a glutamatergic excitatory synapse.
99574 regulation of protein catabolic process at synapse, modulating synaptic transmission P Any process that modulates synaptic transmission by regulating a catabolic process occurring at the synapse.
99575 regulation of protein catabolic process at presynapse, modulating synaptic transmission P Any process that modulates synaptic transmission by regulating a catabolic process occurring at a presynapse.
99576 regulation of protein catabolic process at postsynapse, modulating synaptic transmission P Any process that modulates synaptic transmission by regulating a catabolic process occurring at a postsynapse.
99577 regulation of translation at presynapse, modulating synaptic transmission P Any process that modulates synaptic transmission by regulating translation occurring at the presynapse.
99578 regulation of translation at postsynapse, modulating synaptic transmission P Any process that modulates synaptic transmission by regulating translation occurring at the postsynapse.
99579 G-protein coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential F G-protein coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity, occurring in the postsynaptic membrane that involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential.
99580 ion antiporter activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential F Any ion antiporter activity, occurring in the postsynaptic membrane, that is involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential
99581 ATPase coupled ion transmembrane transporter activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential F Any ATPase coupled ion transmembrane transporter activity, occurring in the postsynaptic membrane, that is involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential.
99582 neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration F Any neurotransmitter receptor activity that is involved in regulating the concentration of calcium in the presynaptic cytosol.
99583 neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration F Any neurotransmitter receptor activity that is involved in regulating the concentration of calcium in the postsynaptic cytosol.
99585 release of sequestered calcium ion into presynaptic cytosol P The process in which calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus or mitochondria are released into the presynaptic cytosol.
99586 release of sequestered calcium ion into postsynaptic cytosol P The process in which calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus or mitochondria are released into the postsynaptic cytosol.
99587 inorganic ion import into cell P The directed movement of inorganic ions from outside of a cell into the cytoplasmic compartment. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis.
99588 positive regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium concentration P Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the postsynaptic cytosol.
99589 serotonin receptor activity F Combining with the biogenic amine serotonin and transmitting a signal across a membrane by activating some effector activity. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a neurotransmitter and hormone found in vertebrates and invertebrates.
99590 neurotransmitter receptor internalization P A receptor-mediated endocytosis process that results in the internalization of a neurotransmitter receptor.
99592 endocytosed synaptic vesicle processing via endosome P The process in which endocytosed synaptic vesicles fuse to the presynaptic endosome followed by sorting of synaptic vesicle components and budding of new synaptic vesicles.
99593 endocytosed synaptic vesicle to endosome fusion P Fusion of an endocytosed synaptic vesicle with an endosome.
99600 transmembrane receptor activity F Combining with an extracellular or intracellular signal and transmitting a signal from one side of the membrane to the other.
99601 regulation of neurotransmitter receptor activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurotransmitter receptor activity. Modulation may be via an effect on ligand affinity, or effector funtion such as ion selectivity or pore opening/closing in ionotropic receptors.
99602 neurotransmitter receptor regulator activity F A molecular function that directly (via physical interaction or direct modification) activates, inhibits or otherwise modulates the activity of a neurotransmitter receptor. Modulation of activity includes changes in desensitization rate, ligand affinity, ion selectivity and pore-opening/closing.
99604 ligand-gated calcium channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ions by a channel that opens when a specific ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
99605 regulation of action potential firing rate P Any process that regulates the frequency of action potentials in a spike train.
99606 microtubule plus-end directed mitotic chromosome migration P The cell cycle process in which chromosomes that are laterally attached to one or more mitotic spindle microtubules migrate towards the spindle equator via plus-end-directed movement along the microtubules. This process is part of mitotic metaphase plate congression.
99607 lateral attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore P The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids become laterally attached to spindle microtubules as part of mitotic metaphase plate congression. Attachment precedes migration along microtubules towards the spindle equator (metaphase plate).
99608 regulation of action potential firing pattern P Any process that regulates the temporal pattern of a sequence of action potentials in a neuron.
99609 microtubule lateral binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the side of a microtubule.
99610 action potential initiation P The initiating cycle of an action potential. In vertebrate neurons this typically occurs at an axon hillock. Not all initiated axon potentials propagate.
99611 regulation of action potential firing threshold P Any process that regulates the potential at which an axon potential is triggered.
99612 protein localization to axon P A process in which a protein is transported to or maintained in a location within an axon.
99613 protein targeting to cell wall P The process of directing proteins towards the cell-wall.
99614 protein targeting to spore cell wall P The process of directing proteins towards the spore cell-wall.
99615 (D)-2-hydroxyglutarate-pyruvate transhydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + pyruvate = alpha-ketoglutarate + D-lactate, with FAD functioning as an intermediate hydrogen acceptor.
99616 extrinsic component of matrix side of mitochondrial inner membrane C The component of the matrix side of the mitochondrial inner membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region."
99617 matrix side of mitochondrial inner membrane C The side (leaflet) of the mitochondrial inner membrane that faces the matrix.
99618 UDP-glucuronic acid dehydrogenase activity F Catalytis of the reaction: UDP-glucuronate + NAD+ = UDP-beta-L-threo-pentapyranos-4-ulose + CO2 + NADH + H+
99619 UDP-4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose formyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate + UDP-4-amino-4-deoxy-beta-L-arabinopyranose = 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinopyranose
99620 UDP-4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose aminotransferase F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-4-amino-4-deoxy-beta-L-arabinopyranose + 2-oxoglutarate = UDP-beta-L-threo-pentapyranos-4-ulose + L-glutamate
99621 undecaprenyl-phosphate 4-deoxy-4-formamido-L-arabinose transferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinopyranose + ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyl phosphate = UDP + 4-deoxy-4-formamido-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyl phosphate.
99622 cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization P The process in which ions are transported across the plasma membrane of a cardiac muscle cell such that the membrane potential changes in the repolarizing direction, toward the steady state potential. For example, the repolarization during an action potential is from a positive membrane potential towards a negative resting potential.
99623 regulation of cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization P Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a change in membrane potential in the polarizing direction towards the resting potential in a cardiomyocyte.
99624 atrial cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization P The process in which ions are transported across the plasma membrane of an atrial cardiac muscle cell such that the membrane potential changes in the repolarizing direction, toward the steady state potential. For example, the repolarization during an action potential is from a positive membrane potential towards a negative resting potential.
99625 ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization P The process in which ions are transported across the plasma membrane of a ventricular cardiac muscle cell such that the membrane potential changes in the repolarizing direction, toward the steady state potential. For example, the repolarization during an action potential is from a positive membrane potential towards a negative resting potential.
99626 voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium levels F Regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentrations via the action of voltage-gated calcium ion channels.
99627 neurotransmitter receptor cycle P The process during which neurotransmitter receptors, anchored in some region of the synaptic membrane, are recycled via the endosome. This cycle includes release from anchoring, diffusion in the synaptic membrane to an endocytic region, endocytosis, transport to the endosome, recycling in the endosome, transport back the synaptic membrane and subsequent anchoring (trapping).
99628 neurotransmitter receptor diffusion trapping P The process by which diffusing neurotransmitter receptor becomes trapped in region of the plasma membrane.
99629 postsynaptic specialization of symmetric synapse C A network of proteins, adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane of a symmetric synapse, consisting of anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components that spatially and functionally organize the neurotransmitter receptors at the synapse. This structure is not as thick or electron dense as the postsynaptic densities found in asymmetric synapses.
99630 postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor cycle P The process during which neurotransmitter receptors in the postsynaptic specialization membrane are recycled via the endosome. This cycle includes release from anchoring (trapping), diffusion in the synaptic membrane to the postsynaptic endocytic region, endocytosis, transport to the endosome, recycling in the endosome, transport back the synaptic membrane and subsequent trapping in the postsynaptic specialization membrane.
99631 postsynaptic endocytic zone cytoplasmic component C The cytoplasmic component of the postsynaptic endocytic zone.
99632 protein transport within plasma membrane P A process in which protein is transported from one region of the plasma membrane to another.
99633 protein localization to postsynaptic specialization membrane P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the membrane adjacent to a postsynaptic specialization (e.g. post synaptic density).
99634 postsynaptic specialization membrane C The membrane component of the postsynaptic specialization. This is the region of the postsynaptic membrane in which the population of neurotransmitter receptors involved in synaptic transmission are concentrated.
99635 voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved in positive regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium levels F Positive regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentrations via the directed movement of calcium ions across the plasma-membrane into the cytosol via the action of voltage-gated calcium ion channels. This is the first step in synaptic transmission
99636 cytoplasmic streaming P The directed flow of cytosol (the liquid component of the cytoplasm) and the organelles it contains.
99637 neurotransmitter receptor transport P The directed movement of neurotransmitter receptors.
99638 endosome to plasma membrane protein transport P The directed movement of proteins from the endosome to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles.
99639 neurotransmitter receptor transport, endosome to plasma membrane P The directed movement of neurotransmitter receptor from the endosome to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles.
99640 axo-dendritic protein transport P The directed movement of proteins along microtubules in neuron projections.
99641 anterograde axonal protein transport P The directed movement of proteins along microtubules from the cell body toward the cell periphery in nerve cell axons.
99642 retrograde axonal protein transport P The directed movement of proteins along microtubules from the cell periphery toward the cell body in nerve cell axons.
99643 signal release from synapse P Any signal release from a synapse.
99644 protein localization to presynaptic membrane P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a presynaptic membrane.
99645 neurotransmitter receptor localization to postsynaptic specialization membrane P A process in which a neurotransmitter is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the membrane adjacent to a postsynaptic specialization (e.g. postsynaptic density).
99646 neurotransmitter receptor transport, plasma membrane to endosome P Vesicle-mediated transport of a neurotransmitter receptor vesicle from the plasma membrane to the endosome.
99703 induction of synaptic vesicle exocytosis by positive regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration P The induction of synaptic vesicle release by any process that leads to a rise in intracellular calcium ion concentration at the presynapse. This is the first step in synaptic transmission.
99738 cell cortex region C The complete extent of cell cortex that underlies some some region of the plasma membrane
100001 regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by action potential P Any action potential process that regulates skeletal muscle contraction
100002 negative regulation of protein kinase activity by protein phosphorylation P Any protein phosphorylation process that negatively_regulates protein kinase activity
100003 positive regulation of sodium ion transport by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that positively_regulates sodium ion transport
100004 positive regulation of peroxisome organization by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that positively_regulates peroxisome organization
100005 positive regulation of ethanol catabolic process by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that positively_regulates ethanol catabolic process
100006 positive regulation of sulfite transport by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that positively_regulates sulfite transport
100007 negative regulation of ceramide biosynthetic process by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that negatively_regulates ceramide biosynthetic process
100008 regulation of fever generation by prostaglandin biosynthetic process P Any prostaglandin biosynthetic process process that regulates fever generation
100009 regulation of fever generation by prostaglandin secretion P Any prostaglandin secretion process that regulates fever generation
100010 positive regulation of fever generation by prostaglandin biosynthetic process P Any prostaglandin biosynthetic process process that positively_regulates fever generation
100011 positive regulation of fever generation by prostaglandin secretion P Any prostaglandin secretion process that positively_regulates fever generation
100012 regulation of heart induction by canonical Wnt signaling pathway P Any canonical Wnt signaling pathway process that regulates heart induction
100013 positive regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that positively_regulates fatty acid beta-oxidation
100014 positive regulation of mating type switching by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that positively_regulates mating type switching
100015 positive regulation of inositol biosynthetic process by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that positively_regulates inositol biosynthetic process
100016 regulation of thiamine biosynthetic process by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that regulates thiamine biosynthetic process
100017 negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that negatively_regulates single organismal cell-cell adhesion
100018 regulation of glucose import by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that regulates glucose import
100019 regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that regulates cAMP-mediated signaling
100020 regulation of transport by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that regulates transport
100021 regulation of iron ion transport by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that regulates iron ion transport
100022 regulation of iron ion import by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that regulates iron ion import
100023 regulation of meiotic nuclear division by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that regulates meiotic nuclear division
100024 regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that regulates carbohydrate metabolic process
100025 negative regulation of cellular amino acid biosynthetic process by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that negatively_regulates cellular amino acid biosynthetic process
100026 positive regulation of DNA repair by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that positively_regulates DNA repair
100027 regulation of cell separation after cytokinesis by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that regulates cell separation after cytokinesis
100028 regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that regulates conjugation with cellular fusion
100032 positive regulation of phospholipid biosynthetic process by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that positively_regulates phospholipid biosynthetic process
100033 regulation of fungal-type cell wall biogenesis by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that regulates fungal-type cell wall biogenesis
100034 regulation of 4,6-pyruvylated galactose residue biosynthetic process by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that regulates 4,6-pyruvylated galactose residue biosynthetic process
100035 negative regulation of transmembrane transport by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that negatively_regulates transmembrane transport
100036 positive regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that positively_regulates purine nucleotide biosynthetic process
100037 positive regulation of cellular alcohol catabolic process by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that positively_regulates cellular alcohol catabolic process
100038 regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that regulates cellular response to oxidative stress
100039 regulation of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic process by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that regulates pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic process
100040 negative regulation of invasive growth in response to glucose limitation by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that negatively_regulates invasive growth in response to glucose limitation
100041 positive regulation of pseudohyphal growth by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that positively_regulates pseudohyphal growth
100042 negative regulation of pseudohyphal growth by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that negatively_regulates pseudohyphal growth
100043 negative regulation of cellular response to alkaline pH by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that negatively_regulates cellular response to alkaline pH
100044 negative regulation of cellular hyperosmotic salinity response by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that negatively_regulates cellular hyperosmotic salinity response
100045 negative regulation of arginine catabolic process by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that negatively_regulates arginine catabolic process
100046 positive regulation of arginine biosynthetic process by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that positively_regulates arginine biosynthetic process
100047 negative regulation of inositol biosynthetic process by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that negatively_regulates inositol biosynthetic process
100048 positive regulation of phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that positively_regulates phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process
100049 negative regulation of phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that negatively_regulates phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process
100050 negative regulation of mating type switching by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that negatively_regulates mating type switching
100051 positive regulation of meiotic nuclear division by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that positively_regulates meiotic nuclear division
100052 negative regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that negatively_regulates G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
100053 positive regulation of sulfate assimilation by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that positively_regulates sulfate assimilation
100054 positive regulation of flocculation via cell wall protein-carbohydrate interaction by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that positively_regulates flocculation via cell wall protein-carbohydrate interaction
100055 positive regulation of phosphatidylserine biosynthetic process by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that positively_regulates phosphatidylserine biosynthetic process
100056 negative regulation of phosphatidylserine biosynthetic process by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that negatively_regulates phosphatidylserine biosynthetic process
100057 regulation of phenotypic switching by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that regulates phenotypic switching
100058 positive regulation of phenotypic switching by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that positively_regulates phenotypic switching
100059 negative regulation of phenotypic switching by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that negatively_regulates phenotypic switching
100060 negative regulation of SREBP signaling pathway by DNA binding F Any DNA binding that negatively_regulates SREBP signaling pathway
100061 negative regulation of SREBP signaling pathway by transcription factor catabolic process P Any transcription factor catabolic process process that negatively_regulates SREBP signaling pathway
100062 positive regulation of SREBP signaling pathway by transcription factor catabolic process P Any transcription factor catabolic process process that positively_regulates SREBP signaling pathway
100063 regulation of dipeptide transmembrane transport by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that regulates dipeptide transmembrane transport
100064 negative regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to starvation by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that negatively_regulates filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to starvation
100065 negative regulation of leucine import by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that negatively_regulates leucine import
100066 negative regulation of induction of conjugation with cellular fusion by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that negatively_regulates induction of conjugation with cellular fusion
100067 positive regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation by canonical Wnt signaling pathway P Any canonical Wnt signaling pathway process that positively_regulates spinal cord association neuron differentiation
100068 positive regulation of pyrimidine-containing compound salvage by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that positively_regulates pyrimidine-containing compound salvage
100069 negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that negatively_regulates neuron apoptotic process
100070 regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that regulates fatty acid biosynthetic process
101002 ficolin-1-rich granule C Highly exocytosable gelatinase-poor granules found in neutrophils and rich in ficolin-1. Ficolin-1 is released from neutrophil granules by stimulation with fMLP or PMA, and the majority becomes associated with the surface membrane of the cells and can be detected by flow cytometry.
101003 ficolin-1-rich granule membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding a ficolin-1-rich granule.
101004 cytolytic granule membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding the cytolytic granule.
101005 ubiquitinyl hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ubiquitin from proteins and other molecules.
101006 protein histidine phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: protein histidine phosphate + H2O = protein histidine + phosphate
101007 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to salt stress P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under salt stress. The stress is usually an increase or decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.
101008 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to increased salt P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of detection of, or exposure to, an increase in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.
101010 pulmonary blood vessel remodeling P The reorganization or renovation of existing pulmonary blood vessels.
101011 inositol 1-diphosphate 2,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate 1-diphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol 1-diphosphate 2,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol hexakisphosphate + phosphate.
101012 inositol 1,5-bisdiphosphate 2,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate 1-diphosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol 1,5-bisdiphosphate 2,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol 5-diphosphate 1,2,3,4,6-pentakisphosphate + phosphate.
101013 mechanically-modulated voltage-gated sodium channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a sodium ion by a voltage-gated channel whose activity is modulated in response to mechanical stress. Response to mechanical stress and voltage gating together is different than the sum of individual responses. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
101014 [isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+)] phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: [isocitrate dehydrogenase] phosphate + H2O = [isocitrate dehydrogenase] + phosphate.
101016 FMN-binding domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the FMN-binding domain of a protein.
101017 regulation of mitotic DNA replication initiation from late origin P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of firing from a late origin of replication involved in mitotic DNA replication.
101018 negative regulation of mitotic DNA replication initiation from late origin P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of firing from a late origin of replication involved in mitotic DNA replication.
101019 nucleolar exosome (RNase complex) C A ribonuclease complex that has 3-prime to 5-prime distributive hydrolytic exoribonuclease activity and in some taxa (e.g. yeast) endoribonuclease activity, producing 5-prime-phosphomonoesters. Participates in a multitude of cellular RNA processing and degradation events preventing nuclear export and/or translation of aberrant RNAs. Restricted to processing linear and circular single-stranded RNAs (ssRNA) only. RNAs with complex secondary structures may have to be unwound or pre-processed by co-factors prior to entering the complex, esp if the 3-prime end is structured.
101020 estrogen 16-alpha-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: estrogen + donor-H2 + O2 = 16-alpha-hydroxyestrogen + H2O.
101021 estrogen 2-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: estrogen + donor-H2 + O2 = 2-hydroxyestrogen + H2O.
101023 vascular endothelial cell proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of blood vessel endothelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
101024 nuclear membrane organization involved in mitotic nuclear division P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear inner or outer membrane during mitotic nuclear division.
101025 nuclear membrane biogenesis P The process in which a nuclear membrane is synthesized, aggregates, and bonds together.
101026 nuclear membrane biogenesis involved in mitotic nuclear division P A process in which the nuclear inner or outer membrane is synthesized, aggregates, and bonds together during mitotic nuclear division.
101027 optical nerve axon regeneration P The regrowth of axons of the optical nerve following their loss or damage.
101028 positive regulation of liquid surface tension P Any process that activates or increases the surface tension of a liquid.
101029 negative regulation of liquid surface tension P Any process that prevents or reduces the surface tension of a liquid.
101030 tRNA-guanine transglycosylation P The modification of a tRNA anticodon loop by replacing guanine with queuonine. Reaction is tRNA guanine + queuine = tRNA queuine + guanine.
102001 isoleucine N-monooxygenase (oxime forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-isoleucine + 2 O2 + 2 NADPH(4-) + 2 H+ <=> (E)-2-methylbutanal oxime + 2 NADP(3-) + carbon dioxide + 3 H2O.
102002 valine N-monooxygenase (oxime forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-valine + 2 O2 + 2 NADPH(4-) + 2 H+ <=> (E)-2-methylpropanal oxime + 2 NADP(3-) + carbon dioxide + 3 H2O.
102003 Delta8-sphingolipid desaturase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phytosphingosine(1+) + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 4-hydroxy-trans-8-sphingenine + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.
102004 2-octaprenyl-6-hydroxyphenol methylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(all-trans-octaprenyl)benzene-1,2-diol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> H+ + 2-methoxy-6-(all-trans-octaprenyl)phenol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
102005 2-octaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone methylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 6-methoxy-2-octaprenylhydroquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methoxy-2-methyl-3-octaprenylhydroquinone.
102006 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + coenzyme A(4-) + NAD(1-) <=> isovaleryl-CoA(4-) + carbon dioxide + NADH(2-).
102007 acyl-L-homoserine-lactone lactonohydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + an N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone <=> H+ + an N-acyl-L-homoserine.
102008 cytosolic dipeptidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a dipeptide <=> 2 a standard alpha amino acid that occurs in the cytosol
102009 proline dipeptidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a dipeptide with proline at the C-terminal <=> L-proline + a standard alpha amino acid.
102013 L-glutamate-importing ATPase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP(4-) + L-glutamate(1-) + H2O <=> ADP(3-) + hydrogenphosphate + L-glutamate(1-) + H+.
102014 beta-D-galactose-importing ATPase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP(4-) + beta-D-galactoside + H2O <=> ADP(3-) + hydrogenphosphate + beta-D-galactoside + H+.
102017 ATPase-coupled alkylphosphonate transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP(4-) + H2O + an alkylphosphonate <=> ADP(3-) + hydrogenphosphate + H+ + an alkylphosphonate.
102022 L-arginine-importing ATPase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP(4-) + L-argininium(1+) + H2O <=> ADP(3-) + hydrogenphosphate + L-argininium(1+) + H+.
102027 S-adenosylmethionine:2-demethylquinol-8 methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-demethylmenaquinol-8 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> menaquinol-8 + H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
102030 dTDP-L-rhamnose synthetase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-6-deoxy-beta-L-mannose + NAD+ <=> dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-alpha-D-glucose + NADH + H+
102031 4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-D-galactose transferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-galactose + beta-D-ManNAcA-(1->4)-alpha-D-GlcNAc-1-diphospho-ditrans,polycis-undecaprenol <=> H+ + alpha-D-FucNAc4-(1->4)-beta-D-ManNAcA-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-undecaprenyl diphosphate + dTDP
102033 cytochrome P450 fatty acid omega-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: linoleoyl-CoA(4-) + H2O <=> H+ + linoleate + coenzyme A
102035 isobutyryl-CoA:FAD oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + isobutyryl-CoA + FAD <=> methacrylyl-CoA + FADH2
102036 methyltetrahydrofolate:corrinoid/iron-sulfur protein methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a tetrahydrofolate + a [methyl-Co(III) corrinoid Fe-S protein] <=> an N5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate + a [Co(I) corrinoid Fe-S protein]
102037 4-nitrotoluene monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + 4-nitrotoluene + NADH + O2 <=> 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol + NAD+ + H2O
102039 alkylhydroperoxide reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + NAD + an alcohol <=> NADH + H+ + an organic hydroperoxide
102043 isopentenyl phosphate kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: isopentenyl phosphate(2-) + ATP(4-) <=> isopentenyl diphosphate(3-) + ADP(3-)
102044 3-chlorobenzoate-4,5-oxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-chlorobenzoate + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 3-chlorobenzoate-cis-4,5-diol + an oxidized electron acceptor
102045 3-chlorobenzoate-3,4-oxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-chlorobenzoate + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 3-chlorobenzoate-cis-3,4-diol + an oxidized electron acceptor
102046 3,4-dichlorobenzoate-4,5-oxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dichlorobenzoate + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 3,4-dichlorobenzoate-cis-4,5-diol + an oxidized electron acceptor
102047 indole-3-acetyl-glycine synthetase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetate + glycine + ATP(4-) <=> H+ + indole-3-acetyl-glycine + AMP(2-) + diphosphoric acid
102048 indole-3-acetyl-isoleucine synthetase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetate + L-isoleucine + ATP(4-) <=> H+ + indole-3-acetyl-isoleucine + AMP(2-) + diphosphoric acid
102049 indole-3-acetyl-methionine synthetase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetate + L-methionine + ATP(4-) <=> H+ + indole-3-acetyl-methionine + AMP(2-) + diphosphoric acid
102050 indole-3-acetyl-tyrosine synthetase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetate + L-tyrosine + ATP(4-) <=> H+ + indole-3-acetyl-tyrosine + AMP(2-) + diphosphoric acid
102051 indole-3-acetyl-tryptophan synthetase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetate + L-tryptophan + ATP(4-) <=> H+ + indole-3-acetyl-tryptophan + AMP(2-) + diphosphoric acid
102052 indole-3-acetyl-proline synthetase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetate + L-proline + ATP(4-) <=> H+ + indole-3-acetyl-proline + AMP(2-) + diphosphoric acid
102053 (-)-jasmonoyl-isoleucine synthetase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-jasmonate + L-isoleucine + ATP(4-) <=> H+ + (-)-jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine + AMP(2-) + diphosphoric acid
102054 maleylpyruvate hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-maleylpyruvate(2-) + H2O <=> H+ + maleate(2-) + pyruvate
102055 12-hydroxyjasmonate sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphonato-5'-adenylyl sulfate + a 12-hydroxyjasmonate <=> adenosine 3',5'-bismonophosphate + a 12-hydroxyjasmonate sulfate
102056 11-hydroxyjasmonate sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphonato-5'-adenylyl sulfate + an 11-hydroxyjasmonate <=> adenosine 3',5'-bismonophosphate + H+ + an 11-hydroxyjasmonate sulfate
102057 jasmonoyl-valine synthetase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-valine + ATP(4-) + a jasmonic acid <=> AMP(2-) + diphosphoric acid + a jasmonoyl-valine
102058 jasmonoyl-leucine synthetase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-leucine + ATP(4-) + a jasmonic acid <=> AMP(2-) + diphosphoric acid + a jasmonoyl-leucine
102060 endo-alpha-bergamontene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-cis,6-cis-farnesyl diphosphate <=> (-)-endo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphoric acid
102061 endo-beta-bergamontene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-cis,6-cis-farnesyl diphosphate <=> (+)-endo-beta-bergamotene + diphosphoric acid
102062 alpha-santalene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-cis,6-cis-farnesyl diphosphate <=> (+)-alpha-santalene + diphosphoric acid
102063 beta-curcumene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate(3-) <=> diphosphoric acid + (-)-beta-curcumene
102064 gamma-curcumene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> gamma-curcumene + diphosphoric acid
102065 patchoulene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> diphosphoric acid + gamma-patchoulene
102068 alpha-humulene 10-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (1E,4E,8E)-alpha-humulene + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> 8-hydroxy-alpha-humulene + NADP + H2O
102069 zerumbone synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 8-hydroxy-alpha-humulene + NAD <=> zerumbone + NADH + H+
102077 oleamide hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: oleamide + H2O <=> oleate + ammonium
102078 methyl jasmonate methylesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a jasmonic acid <=> S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a methyl jasmonate
102081 homotaurine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: homotaurine + 2-oxoglutarate(2-) <=> 3-sulfopropanal + L-glutamate(1-)
102082 demethylrebeccamycin--D-glucose O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4'-demethylrebeccamycin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> H+ + rebeccamycin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine
102083 7,8-dihydromonapterin aldolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydromonapterin <=> glycolaldehyde + 2-amino-6-(hydroxymethyl)-7,8-dihydropteridin-4-ol
102086 N-vanillate-L-glutamate synthetase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: vanillate + L-glutamate(1-) + ATP <=> H+ + N-vanillate-L-glutamate + AMP + diphosphoric acid
102097 (22S)-22-hydroxy-5alpha-campestan-3-one C-23 hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (5alpha,22S,24R)-22-hydroxyergostan-3-one + O2 + NADPH + H+ <=> 3-dehydro-6-deoxoteasterone + NADP + H2O
102100 mycothiol-arsenate ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: arsenate + mycothiol <=> mycothiol-arsenate conjugate + H2O
102103 bisdemethoxycurcumin syntase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (4-coumaroyl)acetyl-CoA + 4-coumaryl-CoA + H2O <=> bisdemethoxycurcumin + 2 coenzyme A + carbon dioxide
102104 demethoxycurcumin synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (4-coumaroyl)acetyl-CoA(4-) + feruloyl-CoA + H2O <=> demethoxycurcumin + 2 coenzyme A + carbon dioxide
102109 tricaffeoyl spermidine O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: tricaffeoyl spermidine + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 3 H+ + triferuloyl spermidine + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine
102117 gibberellin A9 carboxyl methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A9 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> gibberellin A9 methyl ester + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine
102118 gibberellin A4 carboxyl methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A4 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> gibberellin A4 methyl ester + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine
102119 gibberellin A20 carboxyl methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A20 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> gibberellin A20 methyl ester + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine
102126 coniferyl aldehyde 5-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + O2 <=> 5-hydroxy-coniferaldehyde + NADP + H2O
102132 3-oxo-pimeloyl-[acp] methyl ester reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NADP + a 3R-hydroxypimeloyl-[acp] methyl ester <=> NADPH + H+ + a 3-oxo-pimeloyl-[acp] methyl ester.
102133 limonene hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (4R)-limonene + O2 + NADH + H+ <=> (4R)-perillyl alcohol + NAD + H2O.
102134 (22S)-22-hydroxy-campesterol C-23 hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + (22S)-22-hydroxycampesterol + NADPH + O2 <=> (22R,23R)-22,23-dihydroxycampesterol + NADP + H2O.
102135 (22S)-22-hydroxy-campest-4-en-3-one C-23 hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + (22S)-22-hydroxycampest-4-en-3-one + NADPH + O2 <=> (22R,23R)-22,23-dihydroxy-campest-4-en-3-one + NADP + H2O.
102136 3-epi-6-deoxocathasterone C-23 hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + 3-epi-6-deoxocathasterone + NADPH + O2 <=> 6-deoxotyphasterol + NADP + H2O.
102137 7-oxateasterone synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + teasterone + NADPH + O2 <=> 7-oxateasterone + NADP + H2O.
102138 7-oxatyphasterol synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + typhasterol + NADPH + O2 <=> 7-oxatyphasterol + NADP + H2O
102139 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-(2'-aminophenyl)-hexa-2,4dienoate hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (2E,4E)-6-(2-aminophenyl)-2-hydroxy-6-oxohexa-2,4-dienoate + H2O <=> H+ + anthranilate + (2E)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate.
102145 (3R)-(E)-nerolidol synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate + H2O <=> (3R,6E)-nerolidol + diphosphoric acid
102154 8C-naringenin dibenzoylmethane tautomer glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4',6-tetrahydroxydibenzoylmethane + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> 8C-glucosyl-2-hydroxynaringenin + UDP + 2 H+
102155 S-sulfolactate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-sulfonatolactate + NAD <=> 3-sulfonatopyruvate(2-) + NADH + H+
102156 2,5-DHBA UDP-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate 5-O-beta-D-glucoside + UDP + H+
102157 (R)-sulfopropanediol 2-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (2R)-3-sulfopropanediol(1-) + NAD <=> 2-oxo-3-hydroxy-propane-1-sulfonate + NADH + H+
102159 baicalein 7-O-glucuronosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate + baicalein <=> H+ + UDP + baicalin
102160 cyanidin-3-O-glucoside 2-O-glucuronosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate <=> H+ + cyanidin 3-O-beta-(2-O-beta-D-glucuronosyl)-beta-D-glucoside + UDP
102161 copal-8-ol diphosphate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: copal-8-ol diphosphate <=> 2-trans,6-trans,10-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate + H2O
102162 all-trans-8prime-apo-beta-carotenal 15,15prime-oxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 8'-apo-beta,psi-caroten-8'-al + O2 <=> all-trans-retinal + 2,6-dimethylocta-2,4,6-trienedial
102168 5-methyl-phenazine-1-carboxylate N-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phenazine-1-carboxylate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 5-methylphenazine-1-carboxylate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine
102169 pyocyanin hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methylphenazine-1-carboxylate + NADH + O2 + 2 H+ <=> pyocyanin + NAD + carbon dioxide + H2O
102171 DMNT synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + (3S,6E)-nerolidol + NADPH + O2 <=> (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene + buten-2-one + NADP + 2 H2O
102173 24-methylenecycloartanol 4alpha-methyl oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 24-methylenecycloartanol + NADH + O2 + H+ <=> 4alpha-hydroxymethyl,4beta,14alpha-dimethyl-9beta,19-cyclo-5alpha-ergost-24(241)-en-3beta-ol + NAD + H2O
102176 cycloeucalenone reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cycloeucalenone + NADPH + H+ <=> cycloeucalenol + NADP
102177 24-methylenelophenol methyl oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 24-methylenelophenol + O2 + NADH + H+ <=> 4alpha-hydroxymethyl-ergosta-7,24(241)-dien-3beta-ol + NAD + H2O
102178 4alpha-formyl-ergosta-7,24(241)-dien-3beta-ol-methyl oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4alpha-formyl-ergosta-7,24(241)-dien-3beta-ol + O2 + NADH <=> 4alpha-carboxy-ergosta-7,24(241)-dien-3beta-ol + NAD + H2O
102180 4alpha-hydroxymethyl-stigmasta-7,24(241)-dien-3beta-ol-methyl oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4alpha-hydroxymethyl-stigmasta-7,24(241)-dien-3beta-ol + NADH + O2 + H+ <=> 4alpha-formyl-stigmasta-7,24(241)-dien-3beta-ol + NAD + 2 H2O
102181 4alpha-formyl-stigmasta-7,24(241)-dien-3beta-ol-methyl oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4alpha-formyl-stigmasta-7,24(241)-dien-3beta-ol + NADH + O2 <=> 4alpha-carboxy-stigmasta-7,24(241)-dien-3beta-ol + NAD + H2O
102182 4alpha-carboxy-stigmasta-7,24(241)-dien-3beta-ol dehydrogenase/C4-decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4alpha-carboxy-stigmasta-7,24(241)-dien-3beta-ol + NAD <=> avenastenone + NADH + carbon dioxide
102183 avenastenone reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: avenastenone + NADPH + H+ <=> avenasterol + NADP
102184 cycloartenol 4alpha-methyl oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cycloartenol + NADH + O2 + H+ <=> 4alpha-hydroxymethyl,4beta,14alpha-dimethyl-9beta,19-cyclo-5alpha-cholest-24-en-3beta-ol + NAD + H2O
102193 protein-ribulosamine 3-kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a [protein]-N6-D-ribulosyl-L-lysine <=> ADP + a [protein]-N6-(3-O-phospho-D-ribulosyl)-L-lysine
102194 protein-fructosamine 3-kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a [protein]-N6-D-fructosyl-L-lysine <=> ADP + H+ + a [protein]-N6-(3-O-phospho-D-fructosyl)-L-lysine
102197 vinylacetate caboxylester hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: but-3-enoate + H2O <=> allyl alcohol + formate
102201 (+)-2-epi-prezizaene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-cis,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> (+)-2-epi-prezizaene + diphosphoric acid
102202 soladodine glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + solasodine <=> UDP + solasodine 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside + H+
102203 brassicasterol glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + brassicasterol <=> UDP(3-) + 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-brassicasterol + H+
102209 trans-permethrin hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-trans-permethrin + H2O <=> H+ + (3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol + (1S,3R)-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate
102210 rhamnogalacturonan endolyase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a rhamnogalacturonan type I <=> [rhamnogalacturonan I oligosaccharide]-alpha-L-rhamnose + 4-deoxy-4,5-unsaturated D-galactopyranosyluronate-[rhamnogalacturonan I oligosaccharide]
102211 unsaturated rhamnogalacturonyl hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-O-(4-deoxy-beta-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranose(1-) + H2O <=> (4S,5S)-4,5-dihydroxy-2,6-dioxohexanoate + alpha-L-rhamnopyranose
102224 GDP-2,4-diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranose hydrolase/2-epimerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-2,4-diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranose + H2O <=> 2,4-diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-mannopyranose + GDP + H+
102225 4,4'-diaponeurosporene desaturase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4,4'-diaponeurosporene + FAD + H+ <=> 4,4'-diapolycopene + FADH2
102232 acrolein reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acrolein + NADPH + H+ <=> propanal + NADP
102233 crotonaldehyde redutase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (cis)-crotonaldehyde + NADPH + H+ <=> butanal + NADP.
102240 soyasapogenol B glucuronide galactosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-galactose + soyasapogenol B 3-O-beta-glucuronate <=> H+ + UDP + soyasaponin III
102241 soyasaponin III rhamnosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-L-rhamnose + soyasaponin III <=> H+ + UDP + soyasaponin I
102246 6-amino-6-deoxyfutalosine hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: aminodeoxyfutalosinate + H2O <=> dehypoxanthine futalosine + adenine.
102251 all-trans-beta-apo-10'-carotenal cleavage oxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 10'-apo-beta-carotenal + O2 <=> 13-apo-beta-carotenone + 4-methylocta-2,4,6-trienedial
102253 neoagarobiose 1,3-alpha-3,6-anhydro-L-galactosidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: neoagarobiose + H2O <=> 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose + beta-D-galactoside.
102254 neoagarotetraose 1,3-alpha-3,6-anhydro-L-galactosidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: neoagarotetraose + H2O <=> 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose + agarotriose.
102255 neo-lambda-carrahexaose hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: neo-lambda-carrahexaose + H2O <=> neo-lambda-carratetraose + neo-lambda-carrabiose
102256 neoagarohexaose 1,3-alpha-3,6-anhydro-L-galactosidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: neoagarohexaose + H2O <=> 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose + agaropentaose.
102260 germacrene A alcohol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-ol + 2 NADP + H2O <=> germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-oate + 2 NADPH + 3 H+
102261 8-hydroxy-5-deazaflavin:NADPH oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NADP + a reduced coenzyme F420 <=> NADPH + H+ + an oxidized coenzyme F420
102262 tRNA-dihydrouridine16 synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a 5,6-dihydrouracil16 in tRNA + NAD(P) <=> H+ + a uracil16 in tRNA + NAD(P)H
102263 tRNA-dihydrouridine17 synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a 5,6-dihydrouracil17 in tRNA + NAD(P) <=> H+ + a uracil17 in tRNA + NAD(P)H
102264 tRNA-dihydrouridine20 synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a 5,6-dihydrouracil20 in tRNA + NAD(P) <=> H+ + a uracil20 in tRNA + NAD(P)H
102265 tRNA-dihydrouridine47 synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a 5,6-dihydrouracil47 in tRNA + NAD(P) <=> H+ + a uracil47 in tRNA + NAD(P)H
102266 tRNA-dihydrouridine20a synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a 5,6-dihydrouracil20a in tRNA + NAD(P) <=> H+ + a uracil20a in tRNA + NAD(P)H
102267 tRNA-dihydrouridine20b synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a 5,6-dihydrouracil20b in tRNA + NAD(P) <=> H+ + a uracil20b in tRNA + NAD(P)H
102279 lecithin:11-cis retinol acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: an 11-cis retinol-[cellular-retinol-binding-protein] + a phosphatidylcholine <=> a cellular-retinol-binding protein + an 11-cis-retinyl ester + a 1-lysophosphatidylcholine
102281 formylaminopyrimidine deformylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: formylaminopyrimidine + H2O <=> 4-amino-5-ammoniomethyl-2-methylpyrimidine + formate
102282 3-ketodihydrosphinganine (C18) reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(1-) + a sphinganine <=> 3-dehydrosphinganinium(1+) + NADH + H+
102283 3-ketodihydrosphinganine (C20) reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: C20 sphinganine(1+) + NADP <=> C20 3-dehydrosphinganine(1+) + NADPH + H+
102284 L-threo-sphinganine reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-threo-sphinganine + NADP <=> H+ + NADPH + 3-dehydrosphinganinium(1+)
102287 4-coumaroylhexanoylmethane synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-coumaryl-CoA + 3-oxooctanoyl-CoA + H2O <=> 4-coumaroylhexanoylmethane + 2 coenzyme A + carbon dioxide.
102289 beta-amyrin 11-oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: beta-amyrin + 2 O2 + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ <=> 11-oxo-beta-amyrin + 3 H2O + 2 NADP.
102290 beta-amyrin monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: beta-amyrin + O2 + NADPH + H+ <=> 11alpha-hydroxy-beta-amyrin + H2O + NADP
102292 30-hydroxy-beta-amyrin 11-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 30-hydroxy-beta-amyrin + O2 + NADPH + H+ <=> 11alpha,30-dihydroxy-beta-amyrin + H2O + NADP.
102293 pheophytinase b activity F Catalysis of the reaction: pheophytin b + H2O <=> H+ + pheophorbide b + phytol.
102295 4-methylumbelliferyl glucoside 6'-O-malonyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methylumbelliferyl glucoside + malonyl-CoA <=> 4-methylumbelliferone 6'-O-malonylglucoside + coenzyme A.
102296 4,5-9,10-diseco-3-hydroxy-5,9,17-trioxoandrosta-1(10),2-diene-4-oate hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (1E,2Z)-3-hydroxy-5,9,17-trioxo-4,5:9,10-disecoandrosta-1(10),2-dien-4-oate + H2O <=> 9,17-dioxo-1,2,3,4,10,19-hexanorandrostan-5-oate + (2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxyhexa-2,4-dienoate + H+.
102299 linolenate 9R-lipoxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-linolenate + O2 <=> (9R,10E,12Z,15Z)-9-hydroperoxyoctadeca-10,12,15-trienoate
102302 mycinamicin VI 2''-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + mycinamicin VI <=> S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + mycinamicin III(1+) + H+.
102304 sesquithujene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate(3-) <=> 7-epi-sesquithujene + diphosphoric acid.
102307 erythromycin C 3''-o-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + erythromycin C <=> S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + erythromycin A + H+
102308 erythromycin D 3''-o-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + erythromycin D <=> S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + erythromycin B + H+
102312 4-coumaroyl 2'-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-coumaryl-CoA + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> 2,4-dihydroxycinnamoyl-CoA + succinate + carbon dioxide
102313 1,8-cineole synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate(3-) + H2O <=> 1,8-cineole + diphosphoric acid
102315 lipoatemdashprotein ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: lipoyl-AMP + [glycine cleavage system lipoyl-carrier protein]-L-lysine <=> AMP + 2 H+ + a [glycine-cleavage complex H protein] N6-lipoyl-L-lysine
102318 2-deoxystreptamine glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-deoxystreptamine + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> 2'-deamino-2'-hydroxyparomamine + UDP(3-) + H+
102319 2-deoxystreptamine N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-deoxystreptamine(2+) + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine <=> H+ + 2'-N-acetylparomamine(2+) + UDP(3-)
102320 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,8-cineole + NADPH + H+ + O2 <=> 2-exo-hydroxy-1,8-cineole + NADP + H2O
102321 2,2'-hydroxybiphenyl monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: biphenyl-2,2'-diol + O2 + NADH + H+ <=> biphenyl-2,2',3-triol + H2O + NAD
102329 hentriaconta-3,6,9,12,19,22,25,28-octaene-16-one-15-oyl-CoA reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 16-hydroxy-hentriaconta-3,6,9,12,19,22,25,28-octaene-15-oyl-CoA + NADP <=> hentriaconta-3,6,9,12,19,22,25,28-octaene-16-one-15-oyl-CoA + NADPH + H+.
102334 N,N'-diacetylbacilliosaminyl-1-phosphate transferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ditrans,polycis-undecaprenyl phosphate + UDP-N,N'-diacetylbacillosamine <=> N,N'-diacetyl-alpha-D-bacillosaminyl-diphospho-tri-trans,hepta-cis-undecaprenol + UMP.
102335 N,N'-diacetylbacillosaminyl-diphospho-undecaprenol alpha-1,3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: N,N'-diacetyl-alpha-D-bacillosaminyl-diphospho-tri-trans,hepta-cis-undecaprenol + UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine <=> N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-alpha-(1->3)-N,N'-diacetyl-alpha-D-bacillosaminyl-diphospho-tri-trans,hepta-cis-undecaprenol + UDP + H+.
102336 3-oxo-arachidoyl-CoA synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: stearoyl-CoA(4-) + malonyl-CoA(5-) + H+ <=> 3-oxoicosanoyl-CoA. + carbon dioxide + coenzyme A.
102337 3-oxo-cerotoyl-CoA synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: tetracosanoyl-CoA(4-) + malonyl-CoA(5-) + H+ <=> 3-oxohexacosanoyl-CoA + carbon dioxide + coenzyme A.
102338 3-oxo-lignoceronyl-CoA synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: behenoyl-CoA(4-) + malonyl-CoA(5-) + H+ <=> 3-oxotetracosanoyl-CoA. + carbon dioxide + coenzyme A.
102339 3-oxo-arachidoyl-CoA reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-3-hydroxyicosanoyl-CoA(4-) + NADP(3-) <=> 3-oxoicosanoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+.
102340 3-oxo-behenoyl-CoA reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-3-hydroxybehenoyl-CoA(4-) + NADP(3-) <=> 3-oxodocosanoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+.
102341 3-oxo-lignoceroyl-CoA reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-3-hydroxylignoceroyl-CoA + NADP <=> 3-oxotetracosanoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+.
102342 3-oxo-cerotoyl-CoA reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-3-hydroxycerotoyl-CoA + NADP <=> 3-oxohexacosanoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
102344 3-hydroxy-behenoyl-CoA dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-3-hydroxybehenoyl-CoA <=> trans-2-docosenoyl-CoA + H2O.
102345 3-hydroxy-lignoceroyl-CoA dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-3-hydroxylignoceroyl-CoA(4-) <=> trans-2-tetracosenoyl-CoA + H2O.
102348 trans-docosan-2-enoyl-CoA reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: behenoyl-CoA + NADP <=> trans-2-docosenoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
102349 trans-lignocero-2-enoyl-CoA reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: tetracosanoyl-CoA + NADP <=> trans-2-tetracosenoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
102350 trans-cerot-2-enoyl-CoA reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: hexacosanoyl-CoA(4-) + NADP(3-) <=> trans-2-hexacosenoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
102353 multiradiene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5alpha,9alpha,10beta-labda-8(20),13-dien-15-yl diphosphate <=> miltiradiene + diphosphoric acid
102355 2-oxo-3-(5-oxofuran-2-ylidene)propanoate lactonase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxo-3-(5-oxofuran-2-ylidene)propanoate + H2O <=> 3-maleylpyruvate + H+
102356 isoitalicene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate(3-) <=> diphosphoric acid + (+)-isoitalicene
102357 mithramycin dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: mithramycin + NADP <=> mithramycin DK + NADPH + H+
102358 daphnetin-8-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 7,8-dihydroxycoumarin <=> S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 7-hydroxy-8-methoxycoumarin + H+
102359 daphnetin 4-O-beta-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 7,8-dihydroxycoumarin <=> UDP + 4-O- beta -D-glucosyl-daphnetin + H+
102360 daphnetin 3-O-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose(2-) + 7,8-dihydroxycoumarin <=> UDP(3-) + 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-daphnetin + H+
102361 esculetin 4-O-beta-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: esculetin + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> 4-O-beta-D-glucosyl-esculetin + UDP + H+
102362 esculetin 3-O-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: esculetin + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-esculetin + UDP + H+
102363 isoscopoletin-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: isoscopoletin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> scoparone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+
102368 beta-amyrin 30-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: beta-amyrin + NADPH + H+ + O2 <=> 30-hydroxy-beta-amyrin + NADP + H2O
102369 11alpha-30-dihydroxy beta-amyrin dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 11alpha,30-dihydroxy-beta-amyrin + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> 30-hydroxy-11-oxo-beta-amyrin + NADP + 2 H2O
102370 lupeol 28-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: lupeol + NADPH(4-) + O2 + H+ <=> betulin + NADP(3-) + H2O
102371 betulin dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: betulin + NADPH(4-) + H+ + O2 <=> betulinic aldehyde + NADP(3-) + 2 H2O
102372 alpha-amyrin 28-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-amyrin + NADPH(4-) + O2 + H+ <=> uvaol + NADP(3-) + H2O
102373 uvaol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: uvaol + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> ursolic aldehyde + NADP + 2 H2O
102374 ursolic aldehyde 28-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ursolic aldehyde + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> ursolic acid + NADP + H2O
102375 11-oxo-beta-amyrin 30-oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 11-oxo-beta-amyrin + 3 NADPH + 3 O2 + 2 H+ <=> glycyrrhetinic acid + 3 NADP + 4 H2O
102376 lupeol 28-oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: lupeol + 3 NADPH + 3 O2 + 3 H+ <=> betulinic acid + 3 NADP + 4 H2O
102382 rebaudioside B glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: rebaudioside B + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> rebaudioside A + UDP + H+
102383 steviol glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: steviol + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> 19-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-steviol + UDP + H+
102384 19-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-steviol glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 19-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-steviol + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> rubusoside + UDP + H+
102385 patchoulol synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate(3-) <=> seychellene + diphosphoric acid
102388 UDP-N,N'-diacetylbacillosamine 2-epimerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N,N'-diacetylbacillosamine + H2O <=> 2,4-diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-mannopyranose + UDP + H+
102390 mycophenolic acid acyl-glucuronide esterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: mycophenolic acid O-acyl-glucuronide(1-) + H2O <=> mycophenolate + H+ + D-glucopyranuronate
102391 decanoate--CoA ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: decanoate + ATP(4-) + coenzyme A(4-) <=> decanoyl-CoA(4-) + AMP(2-) + diphosphoric acid
102392 decanoate-[HmqF protein] ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: decanoate + ATP(4-) + an HmqF protein <=> AMP(2-) + diphosphoric acid + a decanoyl-HmqF protein
102393 decanoyl-[acp] 2-dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: FAD + H+ + a decanoyl-HmqF protein <=> FADH2(2-) + a 2,3-dehydro-decanoyl-HmqF
102394 4-hydroxy-L-isoleucine dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (2S,3R,4S)-4-hydroxy-L-isoleucine + NAD <=> (2S,3R)-2-amino-3-methyl-4-ketopentanoate + NADH + H+
102398 dTDP-3-amino-4-oxo-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-glucose N-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dTDP-3-amino-4-dehydro-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-glucose <=> S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + dTDP-3-N-methylamino-4-oxo-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-glucose + H+
102399 dTDP-3-N-methylamino-4-oxo-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-glucose N-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dTDP-3-N-methylamino-4-oxo-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-glucose <=> S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + dTDP-3-N,N-dimethylamino-4-oxo-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-glucose + H+
102400 dTDP-3-amino-4-oxo-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-glucose N,N-dimethyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dTDP-3-amino-4-dehydro-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-glucose <=> 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + dTDP-3-N,N-dimethylamino-4-oxo-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-glucose + 2 H+
102404 linalyl 6-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside glucosidase (Yabukita) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: linalyl 6-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl- beta-D-glucopyranoside + H2O <=> vicianose + linalool
102405 (+)-taxifolin 5'-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-taxifolin(1-) + O2 + NADPH(4-) + H+ <=> (+)-dihydromyricetin + NADP(3-) + H2O
102406 omega-hydroxypalmitate O-sinapoyl transferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: sinapoyl-CoA + 16-hydroxypalmitate <=> coenzyme A + 16-sinapoyloxypalmitate
102410 quercetin-4',3-O-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin 4'-O-glucoside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose(2-) <=> quercetin 3,4'-O-diglucoside + UDP(3-)
102411 quercetin-3,4'-O-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin-3-glucoside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose(2-) <=> quercetin 3,4'-O-diglucoside + UDP(3-)
102412 valerena-4,7(11)-diene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate(3-) <=> valerena-4,7(11)-diene + diphosphoric acid
102413 6-O-methyl-deacetylisoipecoside beta-glucosidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 6-O-methyl-N-deacetylisoipecoside + H2O <=> 6-O-methyl-N-deacetylisoipecoside aglycon + beta-D-glucose
102414 quercetin-3-O-glucoside 1,6-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin-3-glucoside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose(2-) <=> quercetin-3-gentiobioside + UDP
102415 quercetin gentiobioside 1,6-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin-3-gentiobioside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> quercetin-3-gentiotrioside + UDP + H+
102416 quercetin gentiotrioside 1,6-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin-3-gentiotrioside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> quercetin-3-gentiotetraside + UDP + H+
102417 apigenin-7-O-glucoside 1,6-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: apigenin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> apigenin-7-O-gentiobioside + UDP + H+
102421 curcumin-4'-O-beta-D-gentiobioside 1,6-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: curcumin 4'-O-beta-D-gentiobioside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> curcumin 4'-O-beta-D-gentiotrioside + UDP + H+
102422 curcumin-4'-O-beta-D-gentiotrioside 1,6-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: curcumin 4'-O-beta-D-gentiotrioside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> curcumin 4'-O-beta-D-gentiotetraside + UDP + H+
102423 (+)-sesaminol 2-O-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-sesaminol + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> (+)-sesaminol 2-O-beta-D-glucoside + UDP + H+
102424 sesaminol-2-O-gentiobioside 1,6-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-sesaminol 2-O-beta-D-gentiobioside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> (+)-sesaminol 2-O-beta-D-gentiotrioside + UDP + H+
102425 myricetin 3-O-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: myricetin + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> myricetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside + UDP
102427 allocryptopine 6-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: allocryptopine + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> 6-hydroxy-allocryptopine + NADP + H2O
102428 kaempferol-3-O-glucoside 1,6-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: kaempferol 3-O-glucoside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> kaempferol-3-gentiobioside + UDP
102429 genistein-3-O-glucoside 1,6-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: genistin + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> genistin 7-gentiobioside + UDP + H+
102432 quercetin 7-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin-7-olate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> rhamnetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine
102435 myricetin 7-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: myricetin(1-) + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 7-O-methylmyricetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine
102436 7-methylmyricetin 4'-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 7-O-methylmyricetin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 7,4'-dimethylmyricetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+
102437 myricetin 3-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: myricetin(1-) + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 3-O-methylmyricetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine
102438 laricitrin 4'-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: laricitrin(1-) + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> H+ + 3',4'-dimethylmyricetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine
102439 3',4',5'-trimethylmyricetin 7-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3',4',5'-trimethylmyricetin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 7,3',4',5'-tetramethylmyricetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+
102440 3',4',5'-trimethylmyricetin 3-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3',4',5'-trimethylmyricetin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 3,3',4',5'-tetramethylmyricetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+
102441 syringetin 7-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: syringetin(1-) + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 7,3',5'-trimethylmyricetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine
102442 syringetin 3-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: syringetin(1-) + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 3,3',5'-trimethylmyricetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine
102443 L-2-hydroxycarboxylate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(1-) + a (2S)-2-hydroxycarboxylate <=> NADH(2-) + H+ + a 2-oxo carboxylate
102444 isorhamnetin 3-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: isorhamnetin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 3,3'-dimethylquercetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine
102445 3-methylquercetin 3'-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3',4',5-trihydroxy-3-methoxyflavon-7-olate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 3,3'-dimethylquercetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine
102446 rhamnetin 3-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: rhamnetin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 3',4',5-trihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+
102447 rhamnetin 3'-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: rhamnetin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 7,3'-dimethylquercetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+
102448 rhamnetin 4'-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: rhamnetin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> ombuin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+
102449 kaempferol 3-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: kaempferol oxoanion + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 3-O-methylkaempferol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine
102450 kaempferide 7-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: kaempferide + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 7,4'-dimethylkaempferol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine
102451 kaempferide 3-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: kaempferide + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 3,4'-dimethylkaempferol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine
102452 bisdemethoxycurcumin synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 4-coumaryl-CoA + malonyl-CoA + H2O + H+ <=> 3 coenzyme A + bisdemethoxycurcumin + 2 carbon dioxide
102464 zeaxanthin 2-beta-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: zeaxanthin + O2 + NADH + H+ <=> caloxanthin + H2O + NAD
102465 zeaxanthin 2,2'-beta-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: zeaxanthin + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2 O2 <=> nostoxanthin + 2 NAD + 2 H2O
102467 scutellarein 7-O-glucuronosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate + scutellarein <=> UDP( + scutellarin + H+
102468 wogonin 7-O-glucuronosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate + wogonin <=> UDP + wogonin 7-O-beta-D-glucuronate + H+
102469 naringenin 2-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-naringenin + NADPH + O2 <=> 2-hydroxynaringenin + NADP + H2O
102470 6C-naringenin dibenzoylmethane tautomer glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4',6-tetrahydroxydibenzoylmethane + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> 6C-glucosyl-2-hydroxynaringenin + UDP + H+
102471 2-hydroxynaringenin-6C-glucoside dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 6C-glucosyl-2-hydroxynaringenin <=> isovitexin-7-olate + H2O
102472 eriodictyol 2-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: eriodictyol + NADPH + O2 + 2 H+ <=> 2-hydroxyeriodictyol + NADP + H2O
102473 eriodictyol dibenzoylmethane tautomer 8C-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: eriodictyol dibenzoylmethane tautomer + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> 8C-beta-D-glucosyl-2-hydroxyeriodictyol + UDP(3-) + H+
102474 eriodictyol dibenzoylmethane tautomer 6C-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: eriodictyol dibenzoylmethane tautomer + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> 6C-beta-D-glucosyl-2-hydroxyeriodictyol + UDP + H+
102475 2-hydroxyeriodictyol 6C-glucoside dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 6C-beta-D-glucosyl-2-hydroxyeriodictyol <=> isoorientin + H2O
102476 pinocembrin 2-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: pinocembrin + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> 2,5,7-trihydroxyflavanone + NADP + H2O
102479 quercetin 3-O-beta:-D-galactosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin-7-olate + UDP-D-galactose <=> quercetin 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside + UDP(3-) + H+
102480 5-fluorocytosine deaminase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + flucytosine + H2O <=> 5-fluorouracil + ammonium
102481 3D-(3,5/4)-trihydroxycyclohexane-1,2-dione hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3D-3,5/4-trihydroxycyclohexane-1,2-dione + H2O <=> 5-deoxy-D-glucuronate + H+
102483 scopolin beta-glucosidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + scopolin <=> beta-D-glucose + scopoletin
102484 esculetin glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: esculetin + UDP-alpha-D-glucose(2-) <=> esculin + UDP(3-) + H+
102490 8-oxo-dGTP phosphohydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 8-oxo-dGTP + 2 H2O <=> 8-oxo-dGMP + 2 hydrogenphosphate + 2 H+
102493 wogonin 7-O-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: wogonin + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> wogonin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside + UDP + H+
102497 scyllo-inositol dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: scyllo-inositol + NADP <=> 2,4,6/3,5-pentahydroxycyclohexanone + NADPH + H+
102505 apigeninidin 5-O-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: apigeninidin + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> apigeninidin 5-O-glucoside + UDP + H+
102508 cyanidin 3,7-diglucoside glucosidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3,7-di-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + H2O <=> cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + beta-D-glucose
102509 cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside glucosidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cyanin betaine + H2O <=> cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + beta-D-glucose
102510 pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside 5-O-glucosyltransferase (acyl-glucose dependent) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside + 1-O-vanilloyl-beta-D-glucose <=> anthocyanidin 3,5-di-O-beta-D-glucoside + vanillate + H+
102511 pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside 7-O-glucosyltransferase (acyl-glucose dependent) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside + 1-O-vanilloyl-beta-D-glucose <=> pelargonidin 3,7-di-O-beta-D-glucoside + vanillate + H+
102512 delphinidin 3-O-glucoside 5-O-glucosyltransferase (acyl-glucose dependent) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: delphinidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside + 1-O-vanilloyl-beta-D-glucose <=> delphinidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside-5-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + vanillate + H+
102522 tRNA 4-demethylwyosine alpha-amino-alpha-carboxypropyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 4-demethylwyosine37 in tRNAPhe <=> 5'-S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + H+ + 7-[(3S)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl]-4-demethylwyosine37 in tRNAPhe
102527 8-demethylnovobiocate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-amino-4,7-dihydroxycoumarin + 3-dimethylallyl-4-hydroxybenzoate + ATP(4-) <=> H+ + 8-desmethylnovobiocic acid(1-) + AMP(2-) + diphosphoric acid
102529 apigenin 7-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + apigenin-7-olate <=> S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + genkwanin
102530 aclacinomycin T methylesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: aclacinomycin T(1+) + H2O <=> 15-demethylaclacinomycin T + methanol + H+
102532 genkwanin 6-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: genkwanin + O2 + NADPH + H+ <=> scutellarein 7-methyl ether + H2O + NADP
102533 genkwanin 4'-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: genkwanin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> H+ + apigenin-7,4'-dimethyl ether + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine
102534 apigenin-7,4'-dimethyl ether 6-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: apigenin-7,4'-dimethyl ether + O2 + NADPH + H+ <=> ladanein + H2O + NADP
102535 ladanein 6-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ladanein + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> H+ + salvigenin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine
102536 sakuranetin 6-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: sakuranetin + O2 + NADPH + H+ <=> carthamidin-7-methyl ether + H2O + NADP
102542 aclacinomycin A methylesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: aclacinomycin A + H2O <=> 15-demethoxy-aclacinomycin A + methanol + H+
102543 epsilon-rhodomycinone methylesterase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: epsilon-rhodomycinone + H2O <=> 15-demethoxy-epsilon-rhodomycinone + methanol + H+
102546 mannosylglycerate hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 2-(alpha-D-mannosyl)-D-glycerate <=> alpha-D-mannose + D-glycerate
102547 glucosylglycerate hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 2-O-(alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-D-glycerate <=> alpha-D-glucose + D-glycerate
102549 1-18:1-2-16:0-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol lipase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:1-2-16:0-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + H2O <=> sn-1-lyso-2-16:0-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + oleate + H+
102550 2-methyl-6-geranylgeranyl-1,4-benzoquinol methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 2-methyl-6-geranylgeranyl-1,4-benzoquinol <=> S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2,3-dimethyl-6-geranylgeranyl-1,4-benzoquinol + H+
102551 homogentisate geranylgeranyl transferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans,10-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate + homogentisate + H+ <=> diphosphoric acid + 2-methyl-6-geranylgeranyl-1,4-benzoquinol + carbon dioxide
102556 dammarenediol 12-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dammarenediol-II + NADPH + H+ + O2 <=> (20S)-protopanaxadiol + NADP + H2O
102557 protopanaxadiol 6-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (20S)-protopanaxadiol + O2 + NADPH(4-) + H+ <=> protopanaxatriol + NADP + H2O
102563 aurachin C monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: aurachin C + O2 + H+ + NAD(P)H <=> aurachin C epoxide + H2O + NAD(P)
102564 aurachin C epoxide hydrolase/isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: aurachin C epoxide + H+ + NAD(P)H <=> aurachin B + H2O + NAD(P)
102569 FR-33289 synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: FR-900098 + 2-oxoglutarate(2-) + O2 <=> FR-33289 + succinate(2-) + carbon dioxide
102573 aminodeoxyfutalosine synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-[(1-carboxylatovinyl)oxy]benzoate(2-) + S-adenosyl-L-methionine + H2O <=> aminodeoxyfutalosinate + L-methionine + hydrogencarbonate + H+
102580 cyanidin 3-O-glucoside 2-O''-xylosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + UDP-alpha-D-xylose <=> cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-sambubioside + UDP
102581 cyanidin 3-O-glucoside-p-coumaroyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + 4-coumaryl-CoA + H+ <=> cyanidin 3-O-(6-O-(E)-4-coumaroyl-beta-D-glucoside) + coenzyme A
102582 cyanidin 3-O-p-coumaroylglucoside 2-O''-xylosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-(6-O-(E)-4-coumaroyl-beta-D-glucoside) + UDP-alpha-D-xylose <=> cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-xylosyl) 6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside + UDP + H+.
102583 cyanidin 3-O-glucoside-(2''-O-xyloside) 6''-O-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-sambubioside + 4-coumaryl-CoA <=> cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-xylosyl) 6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside + coenzyme A.
102584 cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-(xylosyl)-6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside] 5-O-glucosyltransferase activity 5-O-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-xylosyl) 6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-(xylosyl)-6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside] 5-O-glucoside + UDP + H+
102585 cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-(xylosyl)-6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside] 5-O-glucoside malonyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-(xylosyl)-6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside] 5-O-glucoside + malonyl-CoA + H+ <=> cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-(xylosyl)-6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside] 5-O-malonylglucoside + coenzyme A.
102586 cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-(2''-O-(sinapoyl) xylosyl) 6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside] 5-O-[6''-O-(malonyl) glucoside] sinapoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-(xylosyl)-6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside] 5-O-malonylglucoside + 1-O-sinapoyl-beta-D-glucose <=> cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-(2''-O-(sinapoyl) xylosyl) 6'-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside] 5-O-[6''-O-(malonyl) glucoside + beta-D-glucose.
102587 cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-(2''-O-(sinapoyl) xylosyl) 6''-O-(p-O-(glucosyl)-p-coumaroyl) glucoside] 5-O-[6''-O-(malonyl) glucoside] sinapoylglucose glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-(2'''-O-(sinapoyl) xylosyl) 6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside] 5-O-[6''-O-(malonyl) glucoside + 1-O-sinapoyl-beta-D-glucose <=> cyanidin 3-O-[6-O-(4-O-beta-D-glucosyl-p-coumaroyl)-2-O-(2-O-sinapoyl-beta-D-xylosyl)-beta-D-glucosyl]-5-O-(6-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucoside) + trans-sinapate + H+.
102588 cyanidin 3-O-glucoside 6''-O-malonyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + malonyl-CoA <=> cyanidin 3-O-(6-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucoside) + coenzyme A.
102589 cyanidin 3-O-glucoside 3'',6''-O-dimalonyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-(6-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucoside) + malonyl-CoA(5-) <=> cyanidin 3-O-(3''', 6''-O-dimalonyl-beta-glucopyranoside) + coenzyme A
102590 delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside 7-O-glucosyltransferase (acyl-glucose dependent) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside + 1-O-4-hydroxybenzoyl-beta-D-glucose <=> delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside-7-O-glucoside + 4-hydroxybenzoic acid + H+
102591 delphinidin 7-O-glucoside acyltransferase (acyl-glucose dependent) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside-7-O-glucoside + 1-O-4-hydroxybenzoyl-beta-D-glucose <=> delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside-7-O-(6-O-(p-hydroxybenzoyl)-glucoside) + beta-D-glucose
102592 delphinidin 7-O-(6-O-(4-O-(glucosyl)-oxybenzoyl)-glucoside) acyltransferase (acyl-glucose dependent activity F Catalysis of the reaction: delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside-7-O-(6-O-(4-O-(glucosyl)-oxybenzoyl)-glucoside) + 1-O-4-hydroxybenzoyl-beta-D-glucose <=> violdelphin + beta-D-glucose
102596 cytochrome P450 dependent ent-sandaracopimaradiene 3-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ent-sandaracopimara-8(14),15-diene + NADPH + H+ + O2 <=> ent-sandaracopimaradien-3beta-ol + NADP + H2O
102597 3alpha-hydroxy-ent-sandaracopimardiene 9-beta-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ent-sandaracopimaradien-3-beta-ol + NADPH + H+ + O2 <=> oryzalexin E + NADP + H2O
102598 3alpha-hydroxy-ent-sandaracopimardiene 7-beta-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ent-sandaracopimaradien-3-beta-ol + NADPH + H+ + O2 <=> oryzalexin D + NADP + H2O
102603 12-demethyl-elloramycin C12a O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 12-demethyl-elloramycin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> elloramycin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+
102604 naringenin,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-naringenin(1-) + O2 + NADPH + H+ <=> 2-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrogenistein-7-olate + NADP + H2O
102605 cyclooctat-9-en-5,7-diol C18-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cyclooctat-9-en-5,7-diol + O2 + NADPH + H+ <=> cyclooctatin + H2O + NADP
102606 octat-9-en-7-ol 5-monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cyclooctat-9-en-7-ol + O2 + NADPH + H+ <=> cyclooctat-9-en-5,7-diol + H2O + NADP
102607 3beta-hydroxy-12,15-cassadiene-11-one 2-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3beta-hydroxy-12,15-cassadiene-11-one + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> 2beta,3beta-dihydroxy-12,15-cassadiene-11-one + NADP + H2O
102608 tetracenomycin B3 8-O-methyl transferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: tetracenomycin B3 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> tetracenomycin E + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+
102610 (+)-secoisolariciresinol glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-secoisolariciresinol + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> (+)-secoisolariciresinol monoglucoside + UDP + H+
102611 (+)-secoisolariciresinol monoglucoside glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-secoisolariciresinol monoglucoside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> (+)-secoisolariciresinol diglucoside + UDP + H+
102612 syn-pimaradiene 6beta-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 9beta-pimara-7,15-diene + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> 6beta-hydroxy-syn-pimaradiene + NADP + H2O
102613 trimethyluric acid monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,3,7-trimethyluric acid + O2 + NADH + 3 H+ <=> 1,3,7-trimethyl-5-hydroxyisourate + NAD + H2O
102614 germacrene A acid 8beta-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-oate + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> 8beta-hydroxy-germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-oate + NADP + H2O
102615 ent-cassadiene-C2-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ent-cassa-12,15-diene + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> 2alpha-hydroxy-ent-cassadiene + NADP + H2O
102616 oryzalexin A synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: oryzalexin D + NAD(P) <=> oryzalexin A + H+ + NAD(P)H
102618 oryzalexin B synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: oryzalexin D + NAD(P) <=> oryzalexin B + H+ + NAD(P)H
102621 emindole-SB NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (14,15-epoxidizing) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: emindole-SB + O2 + NADPH + H+ <=> 14,15-epoxyemindole-SB + NADP + H2O
102622 linuron hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: linuron + H2O <=> N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine + carbon dioxide + 3,4-dichloroaniline
102623 scutellarein 7-methyl ether 6-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: scutellarein 7-methyl ether + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> cirsimaritin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+
102624 scutellarein 7-methyl ether 4'-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: scutellarein 7-methyl ether + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> ladanein + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+
102625 cirsimaritin 4'-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cirsimaritin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> salvigenin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+
102626 parthenolide synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: costunolide + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> parthenolide + NADP(3-) + H2O
102627 parthenolide 3beta-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: parthenolide + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> 3beta-hydroxyparthenolide + NADP + H2O
102628 costunolide 3beta-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: costunolide + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> 3beta-hydroxycostunolide + NADP + H2O
102629 patuletin 3'-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: patuletin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> quercetagetin 3',6-dimethyl ether + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+
102630 gossypetin 8-methyl ester 3'-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3',4',5,7-pentahydroxy-8-methoxyflavon-3-olate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> gossypetin 3',8-dimethyl ether + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+
102631 caffeoylglucose 3-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-O-caffeoyl-beta-D-glucose + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 1-O-feruloyl-beta-D-glucose + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+
102632 (S)-nandinine synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-scoulerine + NADPH + H+ + O2 <=> (S)-nandinine + NADP + 2 H2O
102634 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxynaphthalene monooxygenase (quinone-forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: naphthalene-1,3,6,8-tetrol + O2 <=> flaviolin-2-olate + H2O + H+
102639 paspalicine synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 13-desoxypaxilline + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> paspalicine + NADP + 2 H2O
102640 paspalinine synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: paspalicine + O2 + NADPH + H+ <=> paspalinine + NADP + H2O
102643 scalarane-17alpha-19-diol synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: scalarane-17alpha-19-diol <=> all-trans-geranylfarnesol + H2O
102644 monocyclic sesterterpenediol synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: monocyclic sesterterpenediol <=> all-trans-geranylfarnesol + H2O
102645 17(E)-cheilanthenediol synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 17(E)-cheilanthenediol <=> all-trans-geranylfarnesol + H2O
102646 14betaH-scalarane-17alpha-19-diol synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 14betaH-scalarane-17alpha-19-diol <=> all-trans-geranylfarnesol + H2O
102659 UDP-glucose: 4-methylthiobutylhydroximate S-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 4-methylthiobutylhydroximate <=> H+ + 3-methylthiopropyl-desulfoglucosinolate + UDP
102660 caffeoyl-CoA:shikimate O-(hydroxycinnamoyl)transferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: caffeoylshikimate + coenzyme A <=> caffeoyl-CoA + shikimate
102668 liquiritigenin,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: liquiritigenin + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> 2,4',7-trihydroxyisoflavanone + NADP(3-) + H2O
102671 6a-hydroxymaackiain-3-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-6a-hydroxymaackiain + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> H+ + (+)-pisatin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine
102676 avenasterol-desaturase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: avenasterol + O2 + NADPH + H+ <=> 5-dehydroavenasterol + 2 H2O + NADP
102677 campesterol,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + campesterol + O2 + NADPH <=> (22S)-22-hydroxycampesterol + H2O + NADP
102679 (5alpha)-campestan-3-one hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + (5alpha)-campestan-3-one + O2 + NADPH <=> (5alpha,22S,24R)-22-hydroxyergostan-3-one + H2O + NADP
102680 campest-4-en-3-one hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + campest-4-en-3-one + O2 + NADPH <=> (22S)-22-hydroxycampest-4-en-3-one + H2O + NADP
102685 UDP-glucose:trans-zeatin 7-N-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + trans-zeatin <=> H+ + trans-zeatin-7-N-glucoside + UDP
102687 UDP-glucose:dihydrozeatin 7-N-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + dihydrozeatin <=> H+ + dihydrozeatin-7-N-glucose + UDP
102688 dihydrozeatin UDP glycosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + dihydrozeatin <=> H+ + 9-(alpha-D-glucosyl)dihydrozeatin + UDP
102692 benzyladenine UDP glycosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + N-benzyladenine <=> H+ + N-benzyl-9-(alpha-D-glucosyl)adenine + UDP
102695 UDP-glucose:cis-zeatin 7-N-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + cis-zeatin <=> H+ + cis-zeatin-7-N-glucoside + UDP
102698 5-epi-aristolochene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> (+)-5-epi-aristolochene + diphosphoric acid
102699 2-methylpropionitrile hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + 2-methylpropionitrile + O2 + NADPH <=> 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile + NADP + H2O
102700 alpha-thujene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate(3-) <=> alpha-thujene + diphosphoric acid
102701 tricyclene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate(3-) <=> tricyclene + diphosphoric acid
102702 2-carene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate <=> (+)-2-carene + diphosphoric acid
102703 camphene synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate <=> (-)-camphene + diphosphoric acid
102704 GDP-Man:Man2GlcNAc2-PP-dolichol alpha-1,6-mannosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-alpha-D-mannose(2-) + a (mannosyl)2-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)2-diphosphodolichol <=> H+ + GDP(3-) + a (mannosyl)3-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)2-diphosphodolichol
102711 gibberellin A25,oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A25 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> gibberellin A13 + succinate + carbon dioxide
102712 gibberellin A13,oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A13 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> gibberellin A43 + succinate + carbon dioxide
102713 gibberellin A25 hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A25 + 2-oxoglutarate(2-) + O2 <=> gibberellin A46 + succinate(2-) + carbon dioxide
102714 gibberellin A12,oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A12 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> gibberellin A14 + succinate + carbon dioxide
102715 gibberellin A17,oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A17 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> gibberellin A28 + succinate + carbon dioxide
102716 gibberellin A28,oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A28 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> (2betaOH)-gibberellin28 + succinate + carbon dioxide
102717 DIMBOA-glucoside oxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: DIBOA-beta-D-glucoside + O2 + 2-oxoglutarate <=> TRIBOA-beta-D-glucoside + succinate + carbon dioxide
102718 TRIBOA-glucoside methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: TRIBOA-beta-D-glucoside + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> (2R)-DIMBOA glucoside + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+
102730 cathasterone hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cathasterone + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> teasterone + H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor
102734 brassinolide synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + castasterone + NADPH + O2 <=> brassinolide + NADP + H2O
102737 p-coumaroyltriacetic acid synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H+ + 4-coumaryl-CoA + H2O + 3 malonyl-CoA <=> 4 coenzyme A + 3 carbon dioxide + p-coumaroyltriacetate
102738 (gibberellin-14), 2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A14 + O2 + 2-oxoglutarate <=> gibberellin A37 + carbon dioxide + succinate
102739 (gibberellin-36), 2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A36 + O2 + 2-oxoglutarate <=> H+ + gibberellin A4 + succinate + 2 carbon dioxide
102740 theobromine:S-adenosyl-L-methionine 1-N-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: theobromine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> H+ + caffeine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine
102741 paraxanthine:S-adenosyl-L-methionine 3-N-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1,7-dimethylxanthine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> H+ + caffeine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine
102742 R(+)-3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactate:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpyruvate + NADPH <=> (2R)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)lactate + NADP
102743 eriodictyol,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + eriodictyol + NADPH + O2 <=> 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-7-olate luteolin-7-olate(1-) + NADP + 2 H2O
102747 chlorophyllide-a:geranyl-geranyl diphosphate geranyl-geranyl transferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + chlorophyllide a(1-) + 2-trans,6-trans,10-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate(3-) <=> geranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a + diphosphoric acid
102753 chlorophyllide b:geranyl-geranyl diphosphate geranyl-geranyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + chlorophyllide b(1-) + 2-trans,6-trans,10-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate <=> geranylgeranyl-chlorophyll b + diphosphoric acid
102754 chlorophyllide-b:phytyl-diphosphate phytyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + chlorophyllide b + (E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-yl diphosphate <=> chlorophyll b + diphosphoric acid
102759 campestanol hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + campestanol + O2 + NADPH <=> 6-deoxycathasterone + H2O + NADP
102760 6-deoxocathasterone hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 6-deoxycathasterone + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 6-deoxoteasterone + H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor
102761 eriodictyol 3'-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: eriodictyol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> H+ + homoeriodictyol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine
102762 eriodictyol 4'-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: eriodictyol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> H+ + hesperetin(1-) + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine
102763 phytyl-P kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: phytyl phosphate(2-) + a nucleoside triphosphate <=> (E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-yl diphosphate + a nucleoside diphosphate
102766 naringenin 7-O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-naringenin(1-) + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> sakuranetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+
102774 p-coumaroyltriacetic acid lactone synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H+ + 4-coumaryl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA( <=> p-coumaroyltriacetic acid lactone + 4 coenzyme A + 3 carbon dioxide
102776 UDP-D-glucose:pelargonidin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside 5-O-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> anthocyanidin 3,5-di-O-beta-D-glucoside + UDP + H+
102777 caffeoyl-CoA:pelargonidin-3,5-diglucoside 5-O-glucoside-6-O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: anthocyanidin 3,5-di-O-beta-D-glucoside + caffeoyl-CoA <=> pelargonidin-3,5-diglucoside-5-O-caffeoylglucoside + coenzyme A(4-)
102778 Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinolate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cannabigerolate + O2 <=> Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid + hydrogen peroxide
102779 cannabidiolate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cannabigerolate + O2 <=> cannabidiolate + hydrogen peroxide
102780 sitosterol hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + sitosterol + O2 + NADPH <=> (22alpha)-hydroxy-sitosterol + H2O + NADP
102781 isofucosterol hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + isofucosterol + O2 + NADPH <=> (22alpha)-hydroxy-isofucosterol + H2O + NADP
102792 sinapaldehyde:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: sinapoyl aldehyde + NADP + H2O <=> 2 H+ + trans-sinapate + NADPH
102793 soyasapogenol glucuronosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate + soyasapogenol B <=> H+ + UDP + soyasapogenol B 3-O-beta-glucuronate
102796 protocatechualdehyde:oxygen oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde + O2 + H2O <=> H+ + 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + hydrogen peroxide
102802 thebaine 6-O-demethylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: thebaine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> neopinone + formaldehyde + succinate + carbon dioxide
102803 thebane O-demethylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: thebaine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> oripavine + formaldehyde + succinate + carbon dioxide
102804 oripavine 6-O-demethylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: oripavine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> morphinone + formaldehyde + succinate + carbon dioxide
102805 codeine O-demethylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: codeine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> morphine + formaldehyde + succinate + carbon dioxide
103005 9,10-epoxystearate hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 9,10-epoxystearate + H2O <=> (9R,10S)-dihydroxystearate
103011 mannosylfructose-phosphate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-alpha-D-mannose + beta-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate <=> mannosylfructose-phosphate + GDP
103019 undecaprenyl phosphate-L-Ara4FN transferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinopyranose + ditrans,polycis-undecaprenyl phosphate <=> 4-deoxy-4-formamido-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl ditrans,polycis-undecaprenyl phosphate + UDP
103032 tartronate semialdehyde reductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: D-glycerate + NAD <=> H+ + 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate + NADH
103042 4-hydroxy-L-threonine aldolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-L-threonine <=> glycolaldehyde + glycine
103053 1-ethyladenine demethylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-ethyladenine + O2 + 2-oxoglutarate(2-) <=> adenine + carbon dioxide + acetaldehyde + succinate
103054 gibberellin A12, 2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A12 + O2 + 2-oxoglutarate <=> gibberellin A15 + carbon dioxide + succinate
103055 gibberelli A15, 2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A15 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> gibberellin A24 + succinate + carbon dioxide + H2O
103056 gibberellin A53, 2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A53 + O2 + 2-oxoglutarate <=> gibberellin A44 diacid + carbon dioxide + succinate
103057 gibberellin A19, 2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A19 + O2 + 2-oxoglutarate <=> H+ + gibberellin A20 + 2 carbon dioxide + succinate
103058 kaempferol 3-glucoside 7-O-rhamnosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: kaempferol 3-O-glucoside + UDP-L-rhamnose <=> kaempferol-3-glucoside-7-rhamnoside + UDP
103059 UDP-L-rhamnose:kaempferol 3-O-rhamnosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: kaempferol oxoanion + UDP-L-rhamnose <=> H+ + kaempferol-3-rhamnoside + UDP(3-)
103060 kaempferol 3-rhamnoside 7-O-rhamnosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: kaempferol-3-rhamnoside + UDP-L-rhamnose <=> kaempferol-3-rhamnoside-7-rhamnoside + UDP.
103061 trans-methoxy-C60-meroacyl-AMP ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP(4-) + H2O + a trans-methoxy-C60-meroacyl-[acp] <=> diphosphoric acid + a trans-methoxy-meroacyl-adenylate + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein]
103062 cis-keto-C60-meroacyl-AMP ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP(4-) + H2O + a cis-keto-C60-meroacyl-[acp] <=> diphosphoric acid + a cis-keto-meroacyl-adenylate + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein]
103063 trans-keto-C61-meroacyl-AMP ligase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP(4-) + H2O + a trans-keto-C61-meroacyl-[acp] <=> diphosphoric acid + a trans-keto-meroacyl-adenylate + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein]
103069 17-hydroxyprogesterone 21-hydroxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone + NADPH + H+ + O2 <=> NADP + H2O + 11-deoxycortisol
103073 anandamide amidohydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: anandamide + H2O <=> arachidonate + ethanolaminium(1+)
103075 indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(indol-3-yl)pyruvate + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> indole-3-acetate + carbon dioxide + NADP + H2O
103077 quercetin 3-glucoside 7-O-rhamnosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin-3-glucoside + UDP-L-rhamnose <=> quercetin-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside + UDP(3-)
103078 quercetin 3-rhamnoside 7-O-rhamnosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside + UDP-L-rhamnose <=> quercetin-3-rhamnoside-7-rhamnoside + UDP(3-)
103079 2-(3'-methylthio)propylmalate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methylthio-2-oxopentanoate + acetyl-CoA(4-) + H2O <=> H+ + 2-(3-methylthiopropyl)malate(2-) + coenzyme A(4-)
103082 2-(4'-methylthio)butylmalate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxo-6-methylthiohexanoate + acetyl-CoA(4-) + H2O <=> H+ + 2-(4'-methylthio)butylmalate + coenzyme A(4-)
103085 2-(5'-methylthio)pentylmalate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxo-7-methylthioheptanoate + acetyl-CoA(4-) + H2O <=> H+ + 2-(5'-methylthio)pentylmalate + coenzyme A(4-)
103088 2-(6'-methylthio)hexylmalate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxo-8-methylthiooctanoate + acetyl-CoA(4-) + H2O <=> H+ + 2-(6'-methylthio)hexylmalate + coenzyme A(4-)
103091 2-(7'-methylthio)heptylmalate synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxo-9-methylthiononanoate + acetyl-CoA(4-) + H2O <=> H+ + 2-(7'-methylthio)heptylmalate + coenzyme A(4-)
103092 methylthioalkylmalate isomerase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(7'-methylthio)heptylmalate <=> 3-(7'-methylthio)heptylmalate
103093 methylthioalkylmalate dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(7'-methylthio)heptylmalate <=> H+ + 2-oxo-10-methylthiodecanoate + carbon dioxide
103095 wax ester synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a very long chain alcohol + a long-chain acyl-CoA <=> coenzyme A(4-) + a wax ester
103096 CYP79F1 dihomomethionine monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: dihomomethionine + 2 O2 + 2 NADPH(4-) + 2 H+ <=> 5-methylthiopentanaldoxime + 3 H2O + carbon dioxide + 2 NADP(3-)
103097 CYP79F1 trihomomethionine monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: trihomomethionine + 2 O2 + 2 NADPH(4-) + 2 H+ <=> 3 H2O + carbon dioxide + 2 NADP(3-) + 6-methylthiohexanaldoxime
103098 CYP79F1 tetrahomomethionine monooxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H+ + tetrahomomethionine + 2 O2 + 2 NADPH(4-) <=> 3 H2O + carbon dioxide + 2 NADP(3-) + 7-methylthioheptanaldoxime
103099 UDP-glucose:5-methylthiopentylhydroximate S-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose(2-) + 5-methylthiopentylhydroximate <=> H+ + 4-methylthiobutyldesulfoglucosinolate + UDP(3-)
103100 UDP-glucose: 6-methylthiohexylhydroximate S-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose(2-) + 6-methylthiohexylhydroximate <=> H+ + 5-methylthiopentyldesulfoglucosinolate + UDP(3-)
103101 UDP-glucose:7-methylthioheptylhydroximate S-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose(2-) + 7-methylthioheptylhydroximate <=> H+ + 6-methylthiohexyldesulfoglucosinolate + UDP(3-)
103102 UDP-glucose:8-methylthiooctylhydroximate S-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose(2-) + 8-methylthiooctylhydroximate <=> H+ + 7-methylthioheptyldesulfoglucosinolate + UDP(3-)
103103 UDP-glucose: 9-methylthiononylhydroximate S-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose(2-) + 9-methylthiononylhydroximate <=> 8-methylthiooctyldesulfoglucosinolate + UDP(3-) + H+
103104 6-methylthiohexyldesulfoglucosinolate sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 6-methylthiohexyldesulfoglucosinolate + 3'-phosphonato-5'-adenylyl sulfate(4-) <=> adenosine 3',5'-bismonophosphate(4-) + H+ + 6-methylthiohexylglucosinolate
103105 2-oxo-6-methylthiohexanoate aminotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxo-6-methylthiohexanoate + a standard alpha amino acid <=> dihomomethionine + a 2-oxo carboxylate
103106 brassinolide 23-O-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: brassinolide + UDP-alpha-D-glucose(2-) <=> brassinolide-23-O-glucoside + UDP(3-) + H+
103107 castasterone 23-O-glucosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: castasterone + UDP-alpha-D-glucose(2-) <=> castasterone-23-O-glucoside + UDP(3-) + H+
103111 D-glucosamine PTS permease activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a [PTS enzyme I]-Npi-phospho-L-histidine + D-glucosamine <=> D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + a [PTS enzyme I]-L-histidine
103113 glucosyl-oleandomycin-exporting ATPase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glucosyl-oleandomycin + ATP(4-) + H2O <=> glucosyl-oleandomycin + ADP(3-) + hydrogenphosphate + H+
103115 protoheme IX ABC transporter activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP(4-) + H2O + heme b <=> hydrogenphosphate + ADP(3-) + H+ + heme b
103116 alpha-D-galactofuranose transporter activity F Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-galactofuranose + ATP(4-) + H2O <=> alpha-D-galactofuranose + hydrogenphosphate + ADP(3-) + H+
103117 UDP-3-O-acyl-N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-N-acetylglucosamine(2-) + H2O <=> UDP-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-alpha-D-glucosamine(1-) + acetate
103118 UDP-3-O-(R-3-hydroxymyristoyl)-glucosamine N-acyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-alpha-D-glucosamine(1-) + an (3R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl-[acp] <=> UDP-2,3-bis[O-(3R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl]-alpha-D-glucosamine + H+ + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein]
198738 cell-cell signaling by wnt P Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another, medaited by a wnt family protein ligand. This process includes wnt signal transduction in the receiving cell, release of wnt ligand from a secreting cell as well as any processes that actively facilitate wnt transport and presentation to receptor on the recieving cell.
1900000 regulation of anthocyanin catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anthocyanin catabolic process.
1900001 negative regulation of anthocyanin catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anthocyanin catabolic process.
1900002 positive regulation of anthocyanin catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anthocyanin catabolic process.
1900003 regulation of serine-type endopeptidase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of serine-type endopeptidase activity.
1900004 negative regulation of serine-type endopeptidase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of serine-type endopeptidase activity.
1900005 positive regulation of serine-type endopeptidase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of serine-type endopeptidase activity.
1900006 positive regulation of dendrite development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite development.
1900007 regulation of extrachromosomal rDNA circle accumulation involved in replicative cell aging P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extrachromosomal rDNA circle accumulation involved in replicative cell aging.
1900008 negative regulation of extrachromosomal rDNA circle accumulation involved in replicative cell aging P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extrachromosomal rDNA circle accumulation involved in replicative cell aging.
1900009 positive regulation of extrachromosomal rDNA circle accumulation involved in replicative cell aging P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extrachromosomal rDNA circle accumulation involved in replicative cell aging.
1900010 regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity.
1900011 negative regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity.
1900012 positive regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity.
1900015 regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response.
1900016 negative regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response.
1900017 positive regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response.
1900018 phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain serine 5 residues involved in recruitment of mRNA capping enzyme to RNA polymerase II holoenzyme complex P Any phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain serine 5 residues that is involved in recruitment of mRNA capping enzyme to RNA polymerase II holoenzyme complex.
1900019 regulation of protein kinase C activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase C activity.
1900020 positive regulation of protein kinase C activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase C activity.
1900022 regulation of D-erythro-sphingosine kinase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of D-erythro-sphingosine kinase activity.
1900023 positive regulation of D-erythro-sphingosine kinase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of D-erythro-sphingosine kinase activity.
1900024 regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading.
1900025 negative regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading.
1900026 positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading.
1900027 regulation of ruffle assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ruffle assembly.
1900028 negative regulation of ruffle assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ruffle assembly.
1900029 positive regulation of ruffle assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ruffle assembly.
1900030 regulation of pectin biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pectin biosynthetic process.
1900032 regulation of trichome patterning P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of trichome patterning.
1900033 negative regulation of trichome patterning P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of trichome patterning.
1900034 regulation of cellular response to heat P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to heat.
1900035 negative regulation of cellular response to heat P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to heat.
1900036 positive regulation of cellular response to heat P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to heat.
1900037 regulation of cellular response to hypoxia P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to hypoxia.
1900038 negative regulation of cellular response to hypoxia P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to hypoxia.
1900039 positive regulation of cellular response to hypoxia P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to hypoxia.
1900040 regulation of interleukin-2 secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-2 secretion.
1900041 negative regulation of interleukin-2 secretion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-2 secretion.
1900042 positive regulation of interleukin-2 secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-2 secretion.
1900044 regulation of protein K63-linked ubiquitination P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein K63-linked ubiquitination.
1900045 negative regulation of protein K63-linked ubiquitination P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein K63-linked ubiquitination.
1900046 regulation of hemostasis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hemostasis.
1900047 negative regulation of hemostasis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hemostasis.
1900048 positive regulation of hemostasis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hemostasis.
1900049 regulation of histone exchange P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histone exchange.
1900050 negative regulation of histone exchange P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histone exchange.
1900051 positive regulation of histone exchange P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histone exchange.
1900052 regulation of retinoic acid biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retinoic acid biosynthetic process.
1900053 negative regulation of retinoic acid biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of retinoic acid biosynthetic process.
1900054 positive regulation of retinoic acid biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retinoic acid biosynthetic process.
1900055 regulation of leaf senescence P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leaf senescence.
1900056 negative regulation of leaf senescence P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leaf senescence.
1900057 positive regulation of leaf senescence P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leaf senescence.
1900058 regulation of sulfate assimilation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sulfate assimilation.
1900059 positive regulation of sulfate assimilation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sulfate assimilation.
1900060 negative regulation of ceramide biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a ceramide biosynthetic process.
1900062 regulation of replicative cell aging P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of replicative cell aging.
1900063 regulation of peroxisome organization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peroxisome organization.
1900064 positive regulation of peroxisome organization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of peroxisome organization.
1900065 regulation of ethanol catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ethanol catabolic process.
1900066 positive regulation of ethanol catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ethanol catabolic process.
1900067 regulation of cellular response to alkaline pH P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to alkalinity.
1900068 negative regulation of cellular response to alkaline pH P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to alkalinity.
1900069 regulation of cellular hyperosmotic salinity response P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular hyperosmotic salinity response.
1900070 negative regulation of cellular hyperosmotic salinity response P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular hyperosmotic salinity response.
1900071 regulation of sulfite transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sulfite transport.
1900072 positive regulation of sulfite transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sulfite transport.
1900073 regulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuromuscular synaptic transmission.
1900074 negative regulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuromuscular synaptic transmission.
1900075 positive regulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuromuscular synaptic transmission.
1900076 regulation of cellular response to insulin stimulus P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to insulin stimulus.
1900077 negative regulation of cellular response to insulin stimulus P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to insulin stimulus.
1900078 positive regulation of cellular response to insulin stimulus P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to insulin stimulus.
1900079 regulation of arginine biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of arginine biosynthetic process.
1900080 positive regulation of arginine biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of arginine biosynthetic process.
1900081 regulation of arginine catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of arginine catabolic process.
1900082 negative regulation of arginine catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of arginine catabolic process.
1900084 regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation.
1900085 negative regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation.
1900086 positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation.
1900087 positive regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle P Any cell cycle regulatory process that promotes the commitment of a cell from G1 to S phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
1900088 regulation of inositol biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of inositol biosynthetic process.
1900089 negative regulation of inositol biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of inositol biosynthetic process.
1900090 positive regulation of inositol biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of inositol biosynthetic process.
1900091 regulation of raffinose biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of raffinose biosynthetic process.
1900092 negative regulation of raffinose biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of raffinose biosynthetic process.
1900093 positive regulation of raffinose biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of raffinose biosynthetic process.
1900094 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in determination of left/right symmetry P Any regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that is involved in determination of left/right symmetry.
1900095 regulation of dosage compensation by inactivation of X chromosome P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dosage compensation, by inactivation of X chromosome.
1900096 negative regulation of dosage compensation by inactivation of X chromosome P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dosage compensation, by inactivation of X chromosome.
1900097 positive regulation of dosage compensation by inactivation of X chromosome P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dosage compensation, by inactivation of X chromosome.
1900098 regulation of plasma cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plasma cell differentiation.
1900099 negative regulation of plasma cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of plasma cell differentiation.
1900100 positive regulation of plasma cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of plasma cell differentiation.
1900101 regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response.
1900102 negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response.
1900103 positive regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response.
1900104 regulation of hyaluranon cable assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hyaluranon cable assembly.
1900105 negative regulation of hyaluranon cable assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hyaluranon cable assembly.
1900106 positive regulation of hyaluranon cable assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hyaluranon cable assembly.
1900107 regulation of nodal signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nodal signaling pathway.
1900108 negative regulation of nodal signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nodal signaling pathway.
1900109 regulation of histone H3-K9 dimethylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K9 dimethylation.
1900110 negative regulation of histone H3-K9 dimethylation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K9 dimethylation.
1900111 positive regulation of histone H3-K9 dimethylation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K9 dimethylation.
1900112 regulation of histone H3-K9 trimethylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K9 trimethylation.
1900113 negative regulation of histone H3-K9 trimethylation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K9 trimethylation.
1900114 positive regulation of histone H3-K9 trimethylation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K9 trimethylation.
1900115 extracellular regulation of signal transduction P Any regulation of signal transduction that takes place in the extracellular region.
1900116 extracellular negative regulation of signal transduction P Any negative regulation of signal transduction that takes place in extracellular region.
1900117 regulation of execution phase of apoptosis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of execution phase of apoptosis.
1900118 negative regulation of execution phase of apoptosis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of execution phase of apoptosis.
1900119 positive regulation of execution phase of apoptosis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of execution phase of apoptosis.
1900120 regulation of receptor binding P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a protein or other molecule binding to a receptor.
1900121 negative regulation of receptor binding P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a protein or other molecule binding to a receptor.
1900122 positive regulation of receptor binding P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a protein or other molecule binding to a receptor.
1900123 regulation of nodal receptor complex assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nodal receptor complex assembly.
1900124 negative regulation of nodal receptor complex assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nodal receptor complex assembly.
1900125 regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hyaluronan biosynthetic process.
1900126 negative regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hyaluronan biosynthetic process.
1900127 positive regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hyaluronan biosynthetic process.
1900128 regulation of G-protein activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of G-protein activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity.
1900129 positive regulation of G-protein activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G-protein activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity.
1900130 regulation of lipid binding P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipid binding.
1900131 negative regulation of lipid binding P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lipid binding.
1900132 positive regulation of lipid binding P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lipid binding.
1900133 regulation of renin secretion into blood stream P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of renin secretion into blood stream.
1900134 negative regulation of renin secretion into blood stream P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of renin secretion into blood stream.
1900135 positive regulation of renin secretion into blood stream P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of renin secretion into blood stream.
1900136 regulation of chemokine activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chemokine activity.
1900137 negative regulation of chemokine activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemokine activity.
1900138 negative regulation of phospholipase A2 activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase A2 activity.
1900139 negative regulation of arachidonic acid secretion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of arachidonic acid secretion.
1900140 regulation of seedling development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of seedling development.
1900141 regulation of oligodendrocyte apoptotic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte apoptotic process.
1900142 negative regulation of oligodendrocyte apoptotic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte apoptotic process.
1900143 positive regulation of oligodendrocyte apoptotic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte apoptotic process.
1900144 positive regulation of BMP secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of BMP secretion.
1900145 regulation of nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of left/right asymmetry P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a nodal signaling pathway, where the nodal signaling pathway is involved in determination of left/right asymmetry.
1900146 negative regulation of nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of left/right asymmetry P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a nodal signaling pathway, where the nodal signaling pathway is involved in determination of left/right asymmetry.
1900147 regulation of Schwann cell migration P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell migration.
1900148 negative regulation of Schwann cell migration P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell migration.
1900149 positive regulation of Schwann cell migration P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell migration.
1900150 regulation of defense response to fungus P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to fungus.
1900151 regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay.
1900152 negative regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay.
1900153 positive regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay.
1900154 regulation of bone trabecula formation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone trabecula formation.
1900155 negative regulation of bone trabecula formation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone trabecula formation.
1900156 positive regulation of bone trabecula formation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone trabecula formation.
1900157 regulation of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation.
1900158 negative regulation of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation.
1900159 positive regulation of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation.
1900160 plastid DNA packaging P Any process in which plastidial DNA and associated proteins are formed into a compact, orderly structure.
1900161 regulation of phospholipid scramblase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid scramblase activity.
1900162 negative regulation of phospholipid scramblase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid scramblase activity.
1900163 positive regulation of phospholipid scramblase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid scramblase activity.
1900164 nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a nodal protein to an activin receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the establishment of lateral mesoderm with respect to the left and right halves.
1900165 negative regulation of interleukin-6 secretion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-6 secretion.
1900166 regulation of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor secretion.
1900167 negative regulation of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor secretion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor secretion.
1900168 positive regulation of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor secretion.
1900169 regulation of glucocorticoid mediated signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid mediated signaling pathway.
1900170 negative regulation of glucocorticoid mediated signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid mediated signaling pathway.
1900171 positive regulation of glucocorticoid mediated signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid mediated signaling pathway.
1900175 regulation of nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a nodal signaling pathway, where the nodal signaling pathway is involved in determination of left/right asymmetry in the lateral mesoderm.
1900176 negative regulation of nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a nodal signaling pathway, where the nodal signaling pathway is involved in determination of left/right asymmetry in the lateral mesoderm.
1900177 regulation of aflatoxin biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aflatoxin biosynthetic process.
1900178 negative regulation of aflatoxin biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aflatoxin biosynthetic process.
1900179 positive regulation of aflatoxin biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aflatoxin biosynthetic process.
1900180 regulation of protein localization to nucleus P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleus.
1900181 negative regulation of protein localization to nucleus P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleus.
1900182 positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleus.
1900183 regulation of xanthone-containing compound biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of xanthone-containing compound biosynthetic process.
1900184 negative regulation of xanthone-containing compound biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of xanthone-containing compound biosynthetic process.
1900185 positive regulation of xanthone-containing compound biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of xanthone-containing compound biosynthetic process.
1900186 negative regulation of clathrin-dependent endocytosis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
1900187 regulation of cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation.
1900188 negative regulation of cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation.
1900189 positive regulation of cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation.
1900190 regulation of single-species biofilm formation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation.
1900191 negative regulation of single-species biofilm formation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation.
1900192 positive regulation of single-species biofilm formation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation.
1900193 regulation of oocyte maturation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oocyte maturation.
1900194 negative regulation of oocyte maturation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oocyte maturation.
1900195 positive regulation of oocyte maturation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oocyte maturation.
1900196 regulation of penicillin biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of penicillin biosynthetic process.
1900197 negative regulation of penicillin biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of penicillin biosynthetic process.
1900198 positive regulation of penicillin biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of penicillin biosynthetic process.
1900199 positive regulation of protein export from nucleus during meiotic anaphase II P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of directed movement of proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm, during anaphase occurring as part of meiosis II.
1900200 mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in metanephros development P Any mesenchymal cell apoptotic process that is involved in metanephros development.
1900204 apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development P Any apoptotic process that is involved in metanephric collecting duct development.
1900205 apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron tubule development P Any apoptotic process that is involved in metanephric nephron tubule development.
1900206 regulation of pronephric nephron tubule development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pronephric nephron tubule development.
1900207 negative regulation of pronephric nephron tubule development P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pronephric nephron tubule development.
1900208 regulation of cardiolipin metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiolipin metabolic process.
1900209 negative regulation of cardiolipin metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiolipin metabolic process.
1900210 positive regulation of cardiolipin metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiolipin metabolic process.
1900211 regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in metanephros development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in metanephros development.
1900212 negative regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in metanephros development P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in metanephros development.
1900213 positive regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in metanephros development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in metanephros development.
1900214 regulation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development.
1900215 negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development.
1900216 positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development.
1900217 regulation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron tubule development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron tubule development.
1900218 negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron tubule development P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron tubule development.
1900219 positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron tubule development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron tubule development.
1900220 semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in bone trabecula morphogenesis P Any semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway that contributes to bone trabecula morphogenesis.
1900221 regulation of beta-amyloid clearance P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of beta-amyloid clearance.
1900222 negative regulation of beta-amyloid clearance P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of beta-amyloid clearance.
1900223 positive regulation of beta-amyloid clearance P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of beta-amyloid clearance.
1900224 positive regulation of nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry.
1900225 regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly.
1900226 negative regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly.
1900227 positive regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly.
1900228 regulation of single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism.
1900229 negative regulation of single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism.
1900230 positive regulation of single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism.
1900231 regulation of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate.
1900232 negative regulation of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate.
1900233 positive regulation of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate.
1900234 regulation of Kit signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Kit signaling pathway.
1900235 negative regulation of Kit signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Kit signaling pathway.
1900236 positive regulation of Kit signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Kit signaling pathway.
1900237 positive regulation of induction of conjugation with cellular fusion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of induction of conjugation with cellular fusion.
1900238 regulation of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration by platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of regulation of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration, by platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway.
1900239 regulation of phenotypic switching P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phenotypic switching.
1900240 negative regulation of phenotypic switching P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phenotypic switching.
1900241 positive regulation of phenotypic switching P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phenotypic switching.
1900242 regulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle endocytosis.
1900243 negative regulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle endocytosis.
1900244 positive regulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle endocytosis.
1900245 positive regulation of MDA-5 signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of MDA-5 signaling pathway.
1900246 positive regulation of RIG-I signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RIG-I signaling pathway.
1900247 regulation of cytoplasmic translational elongation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translational elongation.
1900248 negative regulation of cytoplasmic translational elongation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translational elongation.
1900249 positive regulation of cytoplasmic translational elongation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translational elongation.
1900256 regulation of beta1-adrenergic receptor activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of beta1-adrenergic receptor activity.
1900257 negative regulation of beta1-adrenergic receptor activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of beta1-adrenergic receptor activity.
1900258 positive regulation of beta1-adrenergic receptor activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of beta1-adrenergic receptor activity.
1900259 regulation of RNA-directed 5'-3' RNA polymerase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA-directed 5'-3' RNA polymerase activity.
1900260 negative regulation of RNA-directed 5'-3' RNA polymerase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA-directed 5'-3' RNA polymerase activity.
1900261 positive regulation of RNA-directed 5'-3' RNA polymerase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA-directed 5'-3' RNA polymerase activity.
1900262 regulation of DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity.
1900263 negative regulation of DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity.
1900264 positive regulation of DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity.
1900265 regulation of substance P receptor binding P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of substance P receptor binding.
1900266 negative regulation of substance P receptor binding P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of substance P receptor binding.
1900267 positive regulation of substance P receptor binding P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of substance P receptor binding.
1900268 regulation of reverse transcription P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reverse transcription.
1900269 negative regulation of reverse transcription P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of reverse transcription.
1900270 positive regulation of reverse transcription P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of reverse transcription.
1900271 regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of long-term synaptic potentiation.
1900272 negative regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of long-term synaptic potentiation.
1900273 positive regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of long-term synaptic potentiation.
1900274 regulation of phospholipase C activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase C activity.
1900275 negative regulation of phospholipase C activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase C activity.
1900276 regulation of proteinase activated receptor activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of proteinase activated receptor activity.
1900277 negative regulation of proteinase activated receptor activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of proteinase activated receptor activity.
1900278 positive regulation of proteinase activated receptor activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of proteinase activated receptor activity.
1900279 regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell costimulation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell costimulation.
1900280 negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell costimulation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell costimulation.
1900281 positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell costimulation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell costimulation.
1900282 regulation of cellobiose catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellobiose catabolic process.
1900283 negative regulation of cellobiose catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellobiose catabolic process.
1900284 positive regulation of cellobiose catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellobiose catabolic process.
1900285 regulation of cellotriose transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellotriose transport.
1900286 negative regulation of cellotriose transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellotriose transport.
1900287 positive regulation of cellotriose transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellotriose transport.
1900288 regulation of coenzyme F420-dependent bicyclic nitroimidazole catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of coenzyme F420-dependent bicyclic nitroimidazole catabolic process.
1900289 negative regulation of coenzyme F420-dependent bicyclic nitroimidazole catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of coenzyme F420-dependent bicyclic nitroimidazole catabolic process.
1900290 positive regulation of coenzyme F420-dependent bicyclic nitroimidazole catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of coenzyme F420-dependent bicyclic nitroimidazole catabolic process.
1900291 regulation of galactotriose transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of galactotriose transport.
1900292 negative regulation of galactotriose transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of galactotriose transport.
1900293 positive regulation of galactotriose transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of galactotriose transport.
1900294 regulation of heptasaccharide transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heptasaccharide transport.
1900295 negative regulation of heptasaccharide transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heptasaccharide transport.
1900296 positive regulation of heptasaccharide transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heptasaccharide transport.
1900297 regulation of hexasaccharide transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hexasaccharide transport.
1900298 negative regulation of hexasaccharide transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hexasaccharide transport.
1900299 positive regulation of hexasaccharide transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hexasaccharide transport.
1900300 regulation of laminarabiose transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of laminarabiose transport.
1900301 negative regulation of laminarabiose transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of laminarabiose transport.
1900302 positive regulation of laminarabiose transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of laminarabiose transport.
1900303 regulation of laminaritriose transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of laminaritriose transport.
1900304 negative regulation of laminaritriose transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of laminaritriose transport.
1900305 positive regulation of laminaritriose transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of laminaritriose transport.
1900306 regulation of maltoheptaose transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maltoheptaose transport.
1900307 negative regulation of maltoheptaose transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maltoheptaose transport.
1900308 positive regulation of maltoheptaose transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maltoheptaose transport.
1900309 regulation of maltoheptaose metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maltoheptaose metabolic process.
1900310 negative regulation of maltoheptaose metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maltoheptaose metabolic process.
1900311 positive regulation of maltoheptaose metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maltoheptaose metabolic process.
1900312 regulation of maltohexaose transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maltohexaose transport.
1900313 negative regulation of maltohexaose transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maltohexaose transport.
1900314 positive regulation of maltohexaose transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maltohexaose transport.
1900315 regulation of maltopentaose transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maltopentaose transport.
1900316 negative regulation of maltopentaose transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maltopentaose transport.
1900317 positive regulation of maltopentaose transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maltopentaose transport.
1900318 regulation of methane biosynthetic process from dimethylamine P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from dimethylamine.
1900319 negative regulation of methane biosynthetic process from dimethylamine P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from dimethylamine.
1900320 positive regulation of methane biosynthetic process from dimethylamine P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from dimethylamine.
1900321 regulation of maltotetraose transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maltotetraose transport.
1900322 negative regulation of maltotetraose transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maltotetraose transport.
1900323 positive regulation of maltotetraose transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maltotetraose transport.
1900324 regulation of maltotriulose transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maltotriulose transport.
1900325 negative regulation of maltotriulose transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maltotriulose transport.
1900326 positive regulation of maltotriulose transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maltotriulose transport.
1900327 regulation of mannotriose transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mannotriose transport.
1900328 negative regulation of mannotriose transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mannotriose transport.
1900329 positive regulation of mannotriose transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mannotriose transport.
1900330 regulation of methane biosynthetic process from trimethylamine P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from trimethylamine.
1900331 negative regulation of methane biosynthetic process from trimethylamine P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from trimethylamine.
1900332 positive regulation of methane biosynthetic process from trimethylamine P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from trimethylamine.
1900333 regulation of methane biosynthetic process from 3-(methylthio)propionic acid P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from 3-(methylthio)propionic acid.
1900334 negative regulation of methane biosynthetic process from 3-(methylthio)propionic acid P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from 3-(methylthio)propionic acid.
1900335 positive regulation of methane biosynthetic process from 3-(methylthio)propionic acid P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from 3-(methylthio)propionic acid.
1900336 regulation of methane biosynthetic process from carbon monoxide P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from carbon monoxide.
1900337 negative regulation of methane biosynthetic process from carbon monoxide P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from carbon monoxide.
1900338 positive regulation of methane biosynthetic process from carbon monoxide P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from carbon monoxide.
1900339 regulation of methane biosynthetic process from formic acid P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from formic acid.
1900340 negative regulation of methane biosynthetic process from formic acid P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from formic acid.
1900341 positive regulation of methane biosynthetic process from formic acid P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from formic acid.
1900342 regulation of methane biosynthetic process from dimethyl sulfide P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from dimethyl sulfide.
1900343 negative regulation of methane biosynthetic process from dimethyl sulfide P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from dimethyl sulfide.
1900344 positive regulation of methane biosynthetic process from dimethyl sulfide P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from dimethyl sulfide.
1900345 regulation of methane biosynthetic process from methanethiol P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from methanethiol.
1900346 negative regulation of methane biosynthetic process from methanethiol P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from methanethiol.
1900347 positive regulation of methane biosynthetic process from methanethiol P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from methanethiol.
1900348 regulation of methane biosynthetic process from methylamine P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from methylamine.
1900349 negative regulation of methane biosynthetic process from methylamine P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from methylamine.
1900350 positive regulation of methane biosynthetic process from methylamine P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from methylamine.
1900351 regulation of methanofuran biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of methanofuran biosynthetic process.
1900352 negative regulation of methanofuran biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of methanofuran biosynthetic process.
1900353 positive regulation of methanofuran biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of methanofuran biosynthetic process.
1900354 regulation of methanofuran metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of methanofuran metabolic process.
1900355 negative regulation of methanofuran metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of methanofuran metabolic process.
1900356 positive regulation of methanofuran metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of methanofuran metabolic process.
1900357 regulation of nigerotriose transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nigerotriose transport.
1900358 negative regulation of nigerotriose transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nigerotriose transport.
1900359 positive regulation of nigerotriose transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nigerotriose transport.
1900360 regulation of pentasaccharide transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pentasaccharide transport.
1900361 negative regulation of pentasaccharide transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pentasaccharide transport.
1900362 positive regulation of pentasaccharide transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pentasaccharide transport.
1900363 regulation of mRNA polyadenylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA polyadenylation.
1900364 negative regulation of mRNA polyadenylation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA polyadenylation.
1900365 positive regulation of mRNA polyadenylation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA polyadenylation.
1900366 negative regulation of defense response to insect P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to insect.
1900367 positive regulation of defense response to insect P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to insect.
1900368 regulation of RNA interference P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA interference.
1900369 negative regulation of RNA interference P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA interference.
1900370 positive regulation of RNA interference P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA interference.
1900371 regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of purine nucleotide biosynthetic processes.
1900372 negative regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of purine nucleotide biosynthetic processes.
1900373 positive regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of purine nucleotide biosynthetic processes.
1900374 positive regulation of mating type switching by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P A regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in positive regulation of mating type switching.
1900375 positive regulation of inositol biosynthetic process by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P A positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in positive regulation of inositol biosynthetic process.
1900376 regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process.
1900377 negative regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process.
1900378 positive regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process.
1900379 regulation of asperthecin biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of asperthecin biosynthetic process.
1900380 negative regulation of asperthecin biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of asperthecin biosynthetic process.
1900381 positive regulation of asperthecin biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of asperthecin biosynthetic process.
1900382 regulation of thiamine biosynthetic process by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P A regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in regulation of thiamine biosynthetic process.
1900383 regulation of synaptic plasticity by receptor localization to synapse P Any process that modulates synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require, via receptor localization to the synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell. Processes may include receptor transport to, and/or maintenance at, the synapse.
1900384 regulation of flavonol biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of flavonol biosynthetic process.
1900385 negative regulation of flavonol biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of flavonol biosynthetic process.
1900386 positive regulation of flavonol biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of flavonol biosynthetic process.
1900387 negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P A negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion.
1900389 regulation of glucose import by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P A regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in regulation of glucose import.
1900390 regulation of iron ion import P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of iron ion import.
1900391 regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P A regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling.
1900392 regulation of transport by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P A negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in regulation of transport.
1900393 regulation of iron ion transport by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P A regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in regulation of iron ion transport.
1900394 regulation of kojic acid biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of kojic acid biosynthetic process.
1900395 negative regulation of kojic acid biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of kojic acid biosynthetic process.
1900396 positive regulation of kojic acid biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of kojic acid biosynthetic process.
1900397 regulation of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic process.
1900398 negative regulation of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic process.
1900399 positive regulation of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic process.
1900400 regulation of iron ion import by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P A regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in regulation of iron ion import.
1900401 regulation of meiosis by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P A regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in regulation of meiosis.
1900402 regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P A regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process.
1900403 negative regulation of cellular amino acid biosynthetic process by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P A negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in negative regulation of cellular amino acid biosynthetic process.
1900404 positive regulation of DNA repair by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P A positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in positive regulation of DNA repair.
1900405 regulation of cell separation after cytokinesis by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P A regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in regulation of cell separation after cytokinesis.
1900406 regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P A regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion.
1900407 regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to oxidative stress.
1900408 negative regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to oxidative stress.
1900409 positive regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to oxidative stress.
1900413 positive regulation of phospholipid biosynthetic process by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P A positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in positive regulation of phospholipid biosynthetic process.
1900414 regulation of cytokinesis by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P A regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in regulation of cytokinesis.
1900415 regulation of fungal-type cell wall biogenesis by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P A regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in regulation of fungal-type cell wall biogenesis.
1900416 regulation of 4,6-pyruvylated galactose residue biosynthetic process by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P A regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in regulation of 4,6-pyruvylated galactose residue biosynthetic process.
1900417 negative regulation of transmembrane transport by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P A negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in negative regulation of transmembrane transport.
1900418 positive regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P A positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in positive regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process.
1900419 regulation of cellular alcohol catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular alcohol catabolic process.
1900420 negative regulation of cellular alcohol catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular alcohol catabolic process.
1900421 positive regulation of cellular alcohol catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular alcohol catabolic process.
1900422 positive regulation of cellular alcohol catabolic process by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P A positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in positive regulation of cellular alcohol catabolic process.
1900423 positive regulation of mating type switching by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P A positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in positive regulation of mating type switching.
1900424 regulation of defense response to bacterium P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to bacterium.
1900425 negative regulation of defense response to bacterium P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to bacterium.
1900426 positive regulation of defense response to bacterium P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to bacterium.
1900427 regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P A regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress.
1900428 regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms.
1900429 negative regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms.
1900430 positive regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms.
1900431 regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to heat P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to heat.
1900432 negative regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to heat P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to heat.
1900433 positive regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to heat P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to heat.
1900434 regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to starvation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to starvation.
1900435 negative regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to starvation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to starvation.
1900436 positive regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to starvation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to starvation.
1900437 regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to chemical stimulus P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to chemical stimulus.
1900438 negative regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to chemical stimulus P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to chemical stimulus.
1900439 positive regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to chemical stimulus P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to chemical stimulus.
1900440 regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to neutral pH P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to neutral pH.
1900441 negative regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to neutral pH P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to neutral pH.
1900442 positive regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to neutral pH P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to neutral pH.
1900443 regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to biotic stimulus P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to biotic stimulus.
1900444 negative regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to biotic stimulus P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to biotic stimulus.
1900445 positive regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to biotic stimulus P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to biotic stimulus.
1900446 negative regulation of tRNA transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tRNA transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter.
1900447 regulation of cell morphogenesis involved in phenotypic switching P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis contributing a phenotypic switch. Cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation is the change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells, such as the opaque cells of C. albicans, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history.
1900448 regulation of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic process by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis by activating or increasing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
1900449 regulation of glutamate receptor signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutamate receptor signaling pathway.
1900450 negative regulation of glutamate receptor signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glutamate receptor signaling pathway.
1900451 positive regulation of glutamate receptor signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glutamate receptor signaling pathway.
1900452 regulation of long term synaptic depression P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of long term synaptic depression.
1900453 negative regulation of long term synaptic depression P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of long term synaptic depression.
1900454 positive regulation of long term synaptic depression P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of long term synaptic depression.
1900455 regulation of flocculation via cell wall protein-carbohydrate interaction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of flocculation via cell wall protein-carbohydrate interaction.
1900457 regulation of brassinosteroid mediated signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of brassinosteroid mediated signaling pathway.
1900458 negative regulation of brassinosteroid mediated signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of brassinosteroid mediated signaling pathway.
1900459 positive regulation of brassinosteroid mediated signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of brassinosteroid mediated signaling pathway.
1900460 negative regulation of invasive growth in response to glucose limitation by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of invasive growth in response to glucose limitation by stopping, preventing, or reducing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
1900461 positive regulation of pseudohyphal growth by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pseudohyphal growth by activating or increasing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
1900462 negative regulation of pseudohyphal growth by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pseudohyphal growth by activating or increasing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pseudohyphal growth by stopping, preventing, or reducing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
1900463 negative regulation of cellular response to alkaline pH by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to alkalinity by stopping, preventing, or reducing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
1900464 negative regulation of cellular hyperosmotic salinity response by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular hyperosmotic salinity response by stopping, preventing, or reducing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
1900465 negative regulation of arginine catabolic process by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular arginine catabolic process by stopping, preventing, or reducing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
1900466 positive regulation of arginine biosynthetic process by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of arginine biosynthetic process by activating or increasing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
1900468 regulation of phosphatidylserine biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylserine biosynthetic process.
1900469 negative regulation of phosphatidylserine biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylserine biosynthetic process.
1900470 positive regulation of phosphatidylserine biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylserine biosynthetic process.
1900471 negative regulation of inositol biosynthetic process by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of inositol biosynthetic process by stopping, preventing, or reducing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
1900472 positive regulation of phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process by activating or increasing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
1900473 negative regulation of phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process by stopping, preventing, or reducing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
1900474 negative regulation of mating type switching by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mating type switching by stopping, preventing, or reducing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
1900475 positive regulation of meiosis by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis by stopping, preventing, or reducing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
1900476 positive regulation of meiosis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis by activating or increasing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
1900477 negative regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle by stopping, preventing, or reducing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
1900478 positive regulation of sulfate assimilation by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sulfate assimilation by activating or increasing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
1900479 positive regulation of flocculation via cell wall protein-carbohydrate interaction P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of flocculation via cell wall protein-carbohydrate interaction.
1900480 regulation of diacylglycerol biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of diacylglycerol biosynthetic process.
1900481 negative regulation of diacylglycerol biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of diacylglycerol biosynthetic process.
1900482 positive regulation of diacylglycerol biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of diacylglycerol biosynthetic process.
1900483 regulation of protein targeting to vacuolar membrane P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein targeting to vacuolar membrane.
1900484 negative regulation of protein targeting to vacuolar membrane P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein targeting to vacuolar membrane.
1900485 positive regulation of protein targeting to vacuolar membrane P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein targeting to vacuolar membrane.
1900486 positive regulation of isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway.
1900487 regulation of [2Fe-2S] cluster assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of [2Fe-2S] cluster assembly.
1900488 negative regulation of [2Fe-2S] cluster assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of [2Fe-2S] cluster assembly.
1900489 positive regulation of [2Fe-2S] cluster assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of [2Fe-2S] cluster assembly.
1900490 positive regulation of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH) activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH) activity.
1900491 regulation of [4Fe-4S] cluster assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of [4Fe-4S] cluster assembly.
1900492 negative regulation of [4Fe-4S] cluster assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of [4Fe-4S] cluster assembly.
1900493 positive regulation of [4Fe-4S] cluster assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of [4Fe-4S] cluster assembly.
1900494 regulation of butyryl-CoA biosynthetic process from acetyl-CoA P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of butyryl-CoA biosynthetic process from acetyl-CoA.
1900495 negative regulation of butyryl-CoA biosynthetic process from acetyl-CoA P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of butyryl-CoA biosynthetic process from acetyl-CoA.
1900496 positive regulation of butyryl-CoA biosynthetic process from acetyl-CoA P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of butyryl-CoA biosynthetic process from acetyl-CoA.
1900497 regulation of butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butanol P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butanol.
1900498 negative regulation of butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butanol P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butanol.
1900499 positive regulation of butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butanol P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butanol.
1900500 regulation of butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butyrate P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butyrate.
1900501 negative regulation of butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butyrate P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butyrate.
1900502 positive regulation of butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butyrate P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butyrate.
1900503 regulation of cellulosome assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellulosome assembly.
1900504 negative regulation of cellulosome assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellulosome assembly.
1900505 positive regulation of cellulosome assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellulosome assembly.
1900506 regulation of iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor assembly.
1900507 negative regulation of iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor assembly.
1900508 positive regulation of iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor assembly.
1900509 regulation of pentose catabolic process to ethanol P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pentose catabolic process to ethanol.
1900510 negative regulation of pentose catabolic process to ethanol P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pentose catabolic process to ethanol.
1900511 positive regulation of pentose catabolic process to ethanol P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pentose catabolic process to ethanol.
1900512 regulation of starch utilization system complex assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of starch utilization system complex assembly.
1900513 negative regulation of starch utilization system complex assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of starch utilization system complex assembly.
1900514 positive regulation of starch utilization system complex assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of starch utilization system complex assembly.
1900515 regulation of xylose catabolic process to ethanol P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of xylose catabolic process to ethanol.
1900516 negative regulation of xylose catabolic process to ethanol P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of xylose catabolic process to ethanol.
1900517 positive regulation of xylose catabolic process to ethanol P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of xylose catabolic process to ethanol.
1900518 regulation of response to pullulan P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to pullulan.
1900519 negative regulation of response to pullulan P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to pullulan.
1900520 positive regulation of response to pullulan P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to pullulan.
1900521 regulation of response to amylopectin P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to amylopectin.
1900522 negative regulation of response to amylopectin P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to amylopectin.
1900523 positive regulation of response to amylopectin P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to amylopectin.
1900524 positive regulation of flocculation via cell wall protein-carbohydrate interaction by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of flocculation via cell wall protein-carbohydrate interaction process by activating or increasing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
1900525 positive regulation of phosphatidylserine biosynthetic process by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylserine biosynthetic process by activating or increasing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
1900526 negative regulation of phosphatidylserine biosynthetic process by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylserine biosynthetic process by stopping, preventing, or reducing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
1900533 palmitic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving palmitic acid.
1900534 palmitic acid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of palmitic acid.
1900535 palmitic acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of palmitic acid.
1900539 fumonisin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving fumonisin.
1900540 fumonisin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fumonisin.
1900541 fumonisin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fumonisin.
1900542 regulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of purine nucleotide metabolic process.
1900543 negative regulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of purine nucleotide metabolic process.
1900544 positive regulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of purine nucleotide metabolic process.
1900545 regulation of phenotypic switching by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P A regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in regulation of phenotypic switching.
1900546 positive regulation of phenotypic switching by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P A regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in positive regulation of phenotypic switching.
1900547 negative regulation of phenotypic switching by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P A regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in negative regulation of phenotypic switching.
1900548 heme b catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heme b, a Fe(II) porphyrin complex readily isolated from the hemoglobin of beef blood, but also found in other proteins including other hemoglobins, myoglobins, cytochromes P-450, catalases, peroxidases as well as b type cytochromes.
1900549 N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C.
1900550 N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C.
1900551 N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C.
1900552 asperfuranone metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving asperfuranone.
1900553 asperfuranone catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of asperfuranone.
1900554 asperfuranone biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of asperfuranone.
1900555 emericellamide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving emericellamide.
1900556 emericellamide catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of emericellamide.
1900557 emericellamide biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of emericellamide.
1900558 austinol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving austinol.
1900559 austinol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of austinol.
1900560 austinol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of austinol.
1900561 dehydroaustinol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving dehydroaustinol.
1900562 dehydroaustinol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dehydroaustinol.
1900563 dehydroaustinol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dehydroaustinol.
1900564 chanoclavine-I metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving chanoclavine-I.
1900565 chanoclavine-I catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chanoclavine-I.
1900566 chanoclavine-I biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chanoclavine-I.
1900567 chanoclavine-I aldehyde metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving chanoclavine-I aldehyde.
1900568 chanoclavine-I aldehyde catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chanoclavine-I aldehyde.
1900569 chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde.
1900570 diorcinol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving diorcinol.
1900571 diorcinol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of diorcinol.
1900572 diorcinol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diorcinol.
1900573 emodin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving emodin.
1900574 emodin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of emodin.
1900575 emodin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of emodin.
1900576 gerfelin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving gerfelin.
1900577 gerfelin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gerfelin.
1900578 gerfelin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gerfelin.
1900579 (17Z)-protosta-17(20),24-dien-3beta-ol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving (17Z)-protosta-17(20),24-dien-3beta-ol.
1900580 (17Z)-protosta-17(20),24-dien-3beta-ol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (17Z)-protosta-17(20),24-dien-3beta-ol.
1900581 (17Z)-protosta-17(20),24-dien-3beta-ol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (17Z)-protosta-17(20),24-dien-3beta-ol.
1900582 o-orsellinic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving o-orsellinic acid.
1900583 o-orsellinic acid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of o-orsellinic acid.
1900584 o-orsellinic acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of o-orsellinic acid.
1900585 arugosin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving arugosin.
1900586 arugosin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arugosin.
1900587 arugosin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of arugosin.
1900588 violaceol I metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving violaceol I.
1900589 violaceol I catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of violaceol I.
1900590 violaceol I biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of violaceol I.
1900591 violaceol II metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving violaceol II.
1900592 violaceol II catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of violaceol II.
1900593 violaceol II biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of violaceol II.
1900594 (+)-kotanin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving (+)-kotanin.
1900595 (+)-kotanin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (+)-kotanin.
1900596 (+)-kotanin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (+)-kotanin.
1900597 demethylkotanin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving demethylkotanin.
1900598 demethylkotanin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of demethylkotanin.
1900599 demethylkotanin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of demethylkotanin.
1900600 endocrocin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving endocrocin.
1900601 endocrocin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of endocrocin.
1900602 endocrocin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of endocrocin.
1900603 tensidol A metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving tensidol A.
1900604 tensidol A catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tensidol A.
1900605 tensidol A biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tensidol A.
1900606 tensidol B metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving tensidol B.
1900607 tensidol B catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tensidol B.
1900608 tensidol B biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tensidol B.
1900609 F-9775A metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving F-9775A.
1900610 F-9775A catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of F-9775A.
1900611 F-9775A biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of F-9775A.
1900612 F-9775B metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving F-9775B.
1900613 F-9775B catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of F-9775B.
1900614 F-9775B biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of F-9775B.
1900615 emericellamide A metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving emericellamide A.
1900616 emericellamide A catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of emericellamide A.
1900617 emericellamide A biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of emericellamide A.
1900618 regulation of shoot system morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of shoot morphogenesis.
1900619 acetate ester metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving an acetate ester, any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is acetic acid.
1900620 acetate ester biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an acetate esteran acetate ester, any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is acetic acid.
1900621 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by calcium-mediated signaling P Calcium-mediated signaling that results in regulation of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
1900622 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by calcium-mediated signaling P Calcium-mediated signaling that results in positive regulation of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
1900623 regulation of monocyte aggregation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte aggregation.
1900624 negative regulation of monocyte aggregation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte aggregation.
1900625 positive regulation of monocyte aggregation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte aggregation.
1900626 regulation of arugosin biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of arugosin biosynthetic process.
1900627 negative regulation of arugosin biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of arugosin biosynthetic process.
1900628 positive regulation of arugosin biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of arugosin biosynthetic process.
1900629 methanophenazine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving methanophenazine.
1900630 methanophenazine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methanophenazine.
1900631 tridecane metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving tridecane.
1900632 tridecane biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tridecane.
1900633 pentadecane metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentadecane.
1900634 pentadecane biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pentadecane.
1900635 heptadecane metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving heptadecane.
1900636 heptadecane biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heptadecane.
1900637 regulation of asperfuranone biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of asperfuranone biosynthetic process.
1900638 negative regulation of asperfuranone biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of asperfuranone biosynthetic process.
1900639 positive regulation of asperfuranone biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of asperfuranone biosynthetic process.
1900640 regulation of austinol biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of austinol biosynthetic process.
1900641 negative regulation of austinol biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of austinol biosynthetic process.
1900642 positive regulation of austinol biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of austinol biosynthetic process.
1900643 regulation of chanoclavine-I biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chanoclavine-I biosynthetic process.
1900644 negative regulation of chanoclavine-I biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chanoclavine-I biosynthetic process.
1900645 positive regulation of chanoclavine-I biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chanoclavine-I biosynthetic process.
1900646 regulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthetic process.
1900647 negative regulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthetic process.
1900648 positive regulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthetic process.
1900649 regulation of dehydroaustinol biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dehydroaustinol biosynthetic process.
1900650 negative regulation of dehydroaustinol biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dehydroaustinol biosynthetic process.
1900651 positive regulation of dehydroaustinol biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dehydroaustinol biosynthetic process.
1900652 regulation of demethylkotanin biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of demethylkotanin biosynthetic process.
1900653 negative regulation of demethylkotanin biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of demethylkotanin biosynthetic process.
1900654 positive regulation of demethylkotanin biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of demethylkotanin biosynthetic process.
1900655 regulation of diorcinol biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of diorcinol biosynthetic process.
1900656 negative regulation of diorcinol biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of diorcinol biosynthetic process.
1900657 positive regulation of diorcinol biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of diorcinol biosynthetic process.
1900658 regulation of emericellamide biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of emericellamide biosynthetic process.
1900659 negative regulation of emericellamide biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of emericellamide biosynthetic process.
1900660 positive regulation of emericellamide biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of emericellamide biosynthetic process.
1900661 regulation of emericellamide A biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of emericellamide A biosynthetic process.
1900662 negative regulation of emericellamide A biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of emericellamide A biosynthetic process.
1900663 positive regulation of emericellamide A biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of emericellamide A biosynthetic process.
1900664 regulation of emodin biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of emodin biosynthetic process.
1900665 negative regulation of emodin biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of emodin biosynthetic process.
1900666 positive regulation of emodin biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of emodin biosynthetic process.
1900667 regulation of endocrocin biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endocrocin biosynthetic process.
1900668 negative regulation of endocrocin biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endocrocin biosynthetic process.
1900669 positive regulation of endocrocin biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endocrocin biosynthetic process.
1900670 regulation of F-9775A biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of F-9775A biosynthetic process.
1900671 negative regulation of F-9775A biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of F-9775A biosynthetic process.
1900672 positive regulation of F-9775A biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of F-9775A biosynthetic process.
1900673 olefin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving olefin.
1900674 olefin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of olefin.
1900675 regulation of F-9775B biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of F-9775B biosynthetic process.
1900676 negative regulation of F-9775B biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of F-9775B biosynthetic process.
1900677 positive regulation of F-9775B biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of F-9775B biosynthetic process.
1900678 regulation of ferricrocin biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ferricrocin biosynthetic process.
1900679 negative regulation of ferricrocin biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ferricrocin biosynthetic process.
1900680 positive regulation of ferricrocin biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ferricrocin biosynthetic process.
1900681 octadecene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving octadecene.
1900682 octadecene biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of octadecene.
1900683 regulation of fumonisin biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fumonisin biosynthetic process.
1900684 negative regulation of fumonisin biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fumonisin biosynthetic process.
1900685 positive regulation of fumonisin biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fumonisin biosynthetic process.
1900686 regulation of gerfelin biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gerfelin biosynthetic process.
1900687 negative regulation of gerfelin biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gerfelin biosynthetic process.
1900688 positive regulation of gerfelin biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gerfelin biosynthetic process.
1900689 regulation of gliotoxin biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gliotoxin biosynthetic process.
1900690 negative regulation of gliotoxin biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gliotoxin biosynthetic process.
1900691 positive regulation of gliotoxin biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gliotoxin biosynthetic process.
1900692 regulation of (+)-kotanin biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of (+)-kotanin biosynthetic process.
1900693 negative regulation of (+)-kotanin biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of (+)-kotanin biosynthetic process.
1900694 positive regulation of (+)-kotanin biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of (+)-kotanin biosynthetic process.
1900695 regulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthetic process.
1900696 negative regulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthetic process.
1900697 positive regulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthetic process.
1900698 regulation of o-orsellinic acid biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of o-orsellinic acid biosynthetic process.
1900699 negative regulation of o-orsellinic acid biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of o-orsellinic acid biosynthetic process.
1900700 positive regulation of o-orsellinic acid biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of o-orsellinic acid biosynthetic process.
1900701 regulation of orcinol biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of orcinol biosynthetic process.
1900702 negative regulation of orcinol biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of orcinol biosynthetic process.
1900703 positive regulation of orcinol biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of orcinol biosynthetic process.
1900704 regulation of siderophore biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of siderophore biosynthetic process.
1900705 negative regulation of siderophore biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of siderophore biosynthetic process.
1900706 positive regulation of siderophore biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of siderophore biosynthetic process.
1900707 regulation of tensidol A biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tensidol A biosynthetic process.
1900708 negative regulation of tensidol A biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tensidol A biosynthetic process.
1900709 positive regulation of tensidol A biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tensidol A biosynthetic process.
1900710 regulation of tensidol B biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tensidol B biosynthetic process.
1900711 negative regulation of tensidol B biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tensidol B biosynthetic process.
1900712 positive regulation of tensidol B biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tensidol B biosynthetic process.
1900713 regulation of violaceol I biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of violaceol I biosynthetic process.
1900714 negative regulation of violaceol I biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of violaceol I biosynthetic process.
1900715 positive regulation of violaceol I biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of violaceol I biosynthetic process.
1900716 regulation of violaceol II biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of violaceol II biosynthetic process.
1900717 negative regulation of violaceol II biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of violaceol II biosynthetic process.
1900718 positive regulation of violaceol II biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of violaceol II biosynthetic process.
1900719 regulation of uterine smooth muscle relaxation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of uterine smooth muscle relaxation.
1900720 negative regulation of uterine smooth muscle relaxation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of uterine smooth muscle relaxation.
1900721 positive regulation of uterine smooth muscle relaxation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of uterine smooth muscle relaxation.
1900722 regulation of protein adenylylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein adenylylation.
1900723 negative regulation of protein adenylylation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein adenylylation.
1900724 positive regulation of protein adenylylation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein adenylylation.
1900725 osmoregulated periplasmic glucan metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving osmoregulated periplasmic glucan.
1900726 osmoregulated periplasmic glucan catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of osmoregulated periplasmic glucan.
1900727 osmoregulated periplasmic glucan biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of osmoregulated periplasmic glucan.
1900728 cardiac neural crest cell delamination involved in outflow tract morphogenesis P Any cardiac neural crest cell delamination that is involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.
1900729 regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway.
1900730 negative regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway.
1900731 positive regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway.
1900732 regulation of polyketide biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of polyketide biosynthetic process.
1900733 negative regulation of polyketide biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of polyketide biosynthetic process.
1900734 positive regulation of polyketide biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of polyketide biosynthetic process.
1900735 positive regulation of flocculation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of flocculation.
1900736 regulation of phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway.
1900737 negative regulation of phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway.
1900738 positive regulation of phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway.
1900739 regulation of protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane involved in apoptotic signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane involved in apoptotic signaling pathway.
1900740 positive regulation of protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane involved in apoptotic signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane involved in apoptotic signaling pathway.
1900741 regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to pH P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to pH.
1900742 negative regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to pH P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to pH.
1900743 positive regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to pH P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to pH.
1900744 regulation of p38MAPK cascade P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of p38MAPK cascade.
1900745 positive regulation of p38MAPK cascade P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of p38MAPK cascade.
1900746 regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway.
1900747 negative regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway.
1900748 positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway.
1900749 (R)-carnitine transport P The directed movement of a (R)-carnitine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
1900750 oligopeptide binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an oligopeptide.
1900751 4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate transport P The directed movement of a 4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
1900752 malonic acid transport P The directed movement of a malonic acid into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
1900753 doxorubicin transport P The directed movement of a doxorubicin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
1900754 4-hydroxyphenylacetate transport P The directed movement of a 4-hydroxyphenylacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
1900756 protein processing in phagocytic vesicle P Protein processing that takes place in the phagosome. Most protein processing in the phagosome represents protein degradation.
1900757 regulation of D-amino-acid oxidase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of D-amino-acid oxidase activity.
1900758 negative regulation of D-amino-acid oxidase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of D-amino-acid oxidase activity.
1900759 positive regulation of D-amino-acid oxidase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of D-amino-acid oxidase activity.
1900760 negative regulation of sterigmatocystin biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sterigmatocystin biosynthetic process.
1900761 averantin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving averantin.
1900762 averantin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of averantin.
1900763 averantin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of averantin.
1900764 emericellin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving emericellin.
1900765 emericellin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of emericellin.
1900766 emericellin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of emericellin.
1900767 fonsecin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving fonsecin.
1900768 fonsecin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fonsecin.
1900769 fonsecin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fonsecin.
1900770 fumitremorgin B metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving fumitremorgin B.
1900771 fumitremorgin B catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fumitremorgin B.
1900772 fumitremorgin B biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fumitremorgin B.
1900773 fumiquinazoline metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving fumiquinazoline.
1900774 fumiquinazoline catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fumiquinazoline.
1900775 fumiquinazoline biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fumiquinazoline.
1900776 fumiquinazoline A metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving fumiquinazoline A.
1900777 fumiquinazoline A catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fumiquinazoline A.
1900778 fumiquinazoline A biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fumiquinazoline A.
1900779 fumiquinazoline C metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving fumiquinazoline C.
1900780 fumiquinazoline C catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fumiquinazoline C.
1900781 fumiquinazoline C biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fumiquinazoline C.
1900782 fumiquinazoline F metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving fumiquinazoline F.
1900783 fumiquinazoline F catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fumiquinazoline F.
1900784 fumiquinazoline F biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fumiquinazoline F.
1900785 naphtho-gamma-pyrone metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving naphtho-gamma-pyrone.
1900786 naphtho-gamma-pyrone catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of naphtho-gamma-pyrone.
1900787 naphtho-gamma-pyrone biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of naphtho-gamma-pyrone.
1900788 pseurotin A metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving pseurotin A.
1900789 pseurotin A catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pseurotin A.
1900790 pseurotin A biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pseurotin A.
1900791 shamixanthone metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving shamixanthone.
1900792 shamixanthone catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of shamixanthone.
1900793 shamixanthone biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of shamixanthone.
1900794 terrequinone A metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving terrequinone A.
1900795 terrequinone A catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of terrequinone A.
1900796 terrequinone A biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of terrequinone A.
1900797 cordyol C metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving cordyol C.
1900798 cordyol C catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cordyol C.
1900799 cordyol C biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cordyol C.
1900800 cspyrone B1 metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving cspyrone B1.
1900801 cspyrone B1 catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cspyrone B1.
1900802 cspyrone B1 biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cspyrone B1.
1900803 brevianamide F metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving brevianamide F.
1900804 brevianamide F catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of brevianamide F.
1900805 brevianamide F biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of brevianamide F.
1900806 ergot alkaloid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ergot alkaloid.
1900807 fumigaclavine C metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving fumigaclavine C.
1900808 fumigaclavine C catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fumigaclavine C.
1900809 fumigaclavine C biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fumigaclavine C.
1900810 helvolic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving helvolic acid.
1900811 helvolic acid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of helvolic acid.
1900812 helvolic acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of helvolic acid.
1900813 monodictyphenone metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving monodictyphenone.
1900814 monodictyphenone catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monodictyphenone.
1900815 monodictyphenone biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monodictyphenone.
1900816 ochratoxin A metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving ochratoxin A.
1900817 ochratoxin A catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ochratoxin A.
1900818 ochratoxin A biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ochratoxin A.
1900819 orlandin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving orlandin.
1900820 orlandin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of orlandin.
1900821 orlandin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of orlandin.
1900822 regulation of ergot alkaloid biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ergot alkaloid biosynthetic process.
1900823 negative regulation of ergot alkaloid biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ergot alkaloid biosynthetic process.
1900824 positive regulation of ergot alkaloid biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ergot alkaloid biosynthetic process.
1900825 regulation of membrane depolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of membrane depolarization during a cardiac muscle cell action potential.
1900826 negative regulation of membrane depolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of membrane depolarization during a cardiac muscle cell action potential.
1900827 positive regulation of membrane depolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane depolarization during a cardiac muscle cell action potential.
1900828 D-tyrosine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-tyrosine.
1900829 D-tyrosine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-tyrosine.
1900830 D-tyrosine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-tyrosine.
1900831 D-leucine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-leucine.
1900832 D-leucine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-leucine.
1900833 D-leucine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-leucine.
1900834 regulation of emericellin biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of emericellin biosynthetic process.
1900835 negative regulation of emericellin biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of emericellin biosynthetic process.
1900836 positive regulation of emericellin biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of emericellin biosynthetic process.
1900837 regulation of fumigaclavine C biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fumigaclavine C biosynthetic process.
1900838 negative regulation of fumigaclavine C biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fumigaclavine C biosynthetic process.
1900839 positive regulation of fumigaclavine C biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fumigaclavine C biosynthetic process.
1900840 regulation of helvolic acid biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of helvolic acid biosynthetic process.
1900841 negative regulation of helvolic acid biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of helvolic acid biosynthetic process.
1900842 positive regulation of helvolic acid biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of helvolic acid biosynthetic process.
1900843 regulation of monodictyphenone biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of monodictyphenone biosynthetic process.
1900844 negative regulation of monodictyphenone biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of monodictyphenone biosynthetic process.
1900845 positive regulation of monodictyphenone biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of monodictyphenone biosynthetic process.
1900846 regulation of naphtho-gamma-pyrone biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of naphtho-gamma-pyrone biosynthetic process.
1900847 negative regulation of naphtho-gamma-pyrone biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of naphtho-gamma-pyrone biosynthetic process.
1900848 positive regulation of naphtho-gamma-pyrone biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of naphtho-gamma-pyrone biosynthetic process.
1900849 regulation of pseurotin A biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pseurotin A biosynthetic process.
1900850 negative regulation of pseurotin A biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pseurotin A biosynthetic process.
1900851 positive regulation of pseurotin A biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pseurotin A biosynthetic process.
1900852 regulation of terrequinone A biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of terrequinone A biosynthetic process.
1900853 negative regulation of terrequinone A biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of terrequinone A biosynthetic process.
1900854 positive regulation of terrequinone A biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of terrequinone A biosynthetic process.
1900855 regulation of fumitremorgin B biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fumitremorgin B biosynthetic process.
1900856 negative regulation of fumitremorgin B biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fumitremorgin B biosynthetic process.
1900857 positive regulation of fumitremorgin B biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fumitremorgin B biosynthetic process.
1900858 regulation of brevianamide F biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of brevianamide F biosynthetic process.
1900859 negative regulation of brevianamide F biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of brevianamide F biosynthetic process.
1900860 positive regulation of brevianamide F biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of brevianamide F biosynthetic process.
1900861 regulation of cordyol C biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cordyol C biosynthetic process.
1900862 negative regulation of cordyol C biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cordyol C biosynthetic process.
1900863 positive regulation of cordyol C biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cordyol C biosynthetic process.
1900864 mitochondrial RNA modification P Any RNA modification that takes place in mitochondrion.
1900865 chloroplast RNA modification P Any RNA modification that takes place in chloroplast.
1900866 glycolate transport P The directed movement of a glycolate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
1900867 sarcinapterin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving sarcinapterin.
1900868 sarcinapterin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sarcinapterin.
1900869 tatiopterin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving tatiopterin.
1900870 tatiopterin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tatiopterin.
1900871 chloroplast mRNA modification P The covalent alteration within the chloroplast of one or more nucleotides within an mRNA to produce an mRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.
1900872 pentadec-1-ene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentadec-1-ene.
1900873 pentadec-1-ene biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pentadec-1-ene.
1900874 heptadec-1-ene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving heptadec-1-ene.
1900875 heptadec-1-ene biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heptadec-1-ene.
1900876 nonadec-1-ene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving nonadec-1-ene.
1900877 nonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nonadec-1-ene.
1900878 (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene.
1900879 (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene.
1900880 18-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 18-methylnonadec-1-ene.
1900881 18-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene.
1900882 17-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 17-methylnonadec-1-ene.
1900883 17-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene.
1900884 regulation of tridecane biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tridecane biosynthetic process.
1900885 negative regulation of tridecane biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tridecane biosynthetic process.
1900886 positive regulation of tridecane biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tridecane biosynthetic process.
1900887 regulation of pentadecane biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pentadecane biosynthetic process.
1900888 negative regulation of pentadecane biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pentadecane biosynthetic process.
1900889 positive regulation of pentadecane biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pentadecane biosynthetic process.
1900890 regulation of pentadecane metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pentadecane metabolic process.
1900891 negative regulation of pentadecane metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pentadecane metabolic process.
1900892 positive regulation of pentadecane metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pentadecane metabolic process.
1900893 regulation of tridecane metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tridecane metabolic process.
1900894 negative regulation of tridecane metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tridecane metabolic process.
1900895 positive regulation of tridecane metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tridecane metabolic process.
1900896 regulation of heptadecane biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heptadecane biosynthetic process.
1900897 negative regulation of heptadecane biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heptadecane biosynthetic process.
1900898 positive regulation of heptadecane biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heptadecane biosynthetic process.
1900899 regulation of heptadecane metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heptadecane metabolic process.
1900900 negative regulation of heptadecane metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heptadecane metabolic process.
1900901 positive regulation of heptadecane metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heptadecane metabolic process.
1900902 regulation of hexadecanal biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hexadecanal biosynthetic process.
1900903 negative regulation of hexadecanal biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hexadecanal biosynthetic process.
1900904 positive regulation of hexadecanal biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hexadecanal biosynthetic process.
1900905 regulation of hexadecanal metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hexadecanal metabolic process.
1900906 negative regulation of hexadecanal metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hexadecanal metabolic process.
1900907 positive regulation of hexadecanal metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hexadecanal metabolic process.
1900908 regulation of olefin metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of olefin metabolic process.
1900909 negative regulation of olefin metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of olefin metabolic process.
1900910 positive regulation of olefin metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of olefin metabolic process.
1900911 regulation of olefin biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of olefin biosynthetic process.
1900912 negative regulation of olefin biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of olefin biosynthetic process.
1900913 positive regulation of olefin biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of olefin biosynthetic process.
1900914 regulation of octadecene biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of octadecene biosynthetic process.
1900915 negative regulation of octadecene biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of octadecene biosynthetic process.
1900916 positive regulation of octadecene biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of octadecene biosynthetic process.
1900917 regulation of octadecene metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of octadecene metabolic process.
1900918 negative regulation of octadecene metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of octadecene metabolic process.
1900919 positive regulation of octadecene metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of octadecene metabolic process.
1900920 regulation of L-glutamate import P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-glutamate import.
1900921 negative regulation of L-glutamate import P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-glutamate import.
1900922 positive regulation of L-glutamate import P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-glutamate import.
1900923 regulation of glycine import P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycine import.
1900924 negative regulation of glycine import P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glycine import.
1900925 positive regulation of glycine import P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycine import.
1900926 regulation of L-threonine import P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-threonine import.
1900927 negative regulation of L-threonine import P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-threonine import.
1900928 positive regulation of L-threonine import P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-threonine import.
1900929 regulation of L-tyrosine import P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-tyrosine import.
1900930 negative regulation of L-tyrosine import P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-tyrosine import.
1900931 positive regulation of L-tyrosine import P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-tyrosine import.
1900932 regulation of nonadec-1-ene metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nonadec-1-ene metabolic process.
1900933 negative regulation of nonadec-1-ene metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nonadec-1-ene metabolic process.
1900934 positive regulation of nonadec-1-ene metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nonadec-1-ene metabolic process.
1900935 regulation of nonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process.
1900936 negative regulation of nonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process.
1900937 positive regulation of nonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process.
1900938 regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene metabolic process.
1900939 negative regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene metabolic process.
1900940 positive regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene metabolic process.
1900941 regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene biosynthetic process.
1900942 negative regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene biosynthetic process.
1900943 positive regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene biosynthetic process.
1900944 regulation of isoprene metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of isoprene metabolic process.
1900945 negative regulation of isoprene metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of isoprene metabolic process.
1900946 positive regulation of isoprene metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isoprene metabolic process.
1900947 regulation of isoprene biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of isoprene biosynthetic process.
1900948 negative regulation of isoprene biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of isoprene biosynthetic process.
1900949 positive regulation of isoprene biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isoprene biosynthetic process.
1900950 regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process.
1900951 negative regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process.
1900952 positive regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process.
1900953 regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolic process.
1900954 negative regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolic process.
1900955 positive regulation of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of 18-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolic process.
1900956 regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process.
1900957 negative regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process.
1900958 positive regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene biosynthetic process.
1900959 regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolic process.
1900960 negative regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolic process.
1900961 positive regulation of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of 17-methylnonadec-1-ene metabolic process.
1900962 regulation of methanophenazine biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of methanophenazine biosynthetic process.
1900963 negative regulation of methanophenazine biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of methanophenazine biosynthetic process.
1900964 positive regulation of methanophenazine biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of methanophenazine biosynthetic process.
1900965 regulation of methanophenazine metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of methanophenazine metabolic process.
1900966 negative regulation of methanophenazine metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of methanophenazine metabolic process.
1900967 positive regulation of methanophenazine metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of methanophenazine metabolic process.
1900968 regulation of sarcinapterin metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sarcinapterin metabolic process.
1900969 negative regulation of sarcinapterin metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sarcinapterin metabolic process.
1900970 positive regulation of sarcinapterin metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sarcinapterin metabolic process.
1900971 regulation of sarcinapterin biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sarcinapterin biosynthetic process.
1900972 negative regulation of sarcinapterin biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sarcinapterin biosynthetic process.
1900973 positive regulation of sarcinapterin biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sarcinapterin biosynthetic process.
1900974 regulation of tatiopterin biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tatiopterin biosynthetic process.
1900975 negative regulation of tatiopterin biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tatiopterin biosynthetic process.
1900976 positive regulation of tatiopterin biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tatiopterin biosynthetic process.
1900977 regulation of tatiopterin metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tatiopterin metabolic process.
1900978 negative regulation of tatiopterin metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tatiopterin metabolic process.
1900979 positive regulation of tatiopterin metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tatiopterin metabolic process.
1900980 regulation of phenazine biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phenazine biosynthetic process.
1900981 negative regulation of phenazine biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phenazine biosynthetic process.
1900982 positive regulation of phenazine biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phenazine biosynthetic process.
1900983 vindoline metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving vindoline.
1900984 vindoline catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of vindoline.
1900985 vindoline biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vindoline.
1900986 ajmaline metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving ajmaline.
1900987 ajmaline catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ajmaline.
1900988 ajmaline biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ajmaline.
1900989 scopolamine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving scopolamine.
1900990 scopolamine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of scopolamine.
1900991 scopolamine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of scopolamine.
1900992 (-)-secologanin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving (-)-secologanin.
1900993 (-)-secologanin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (-)-secologanin.
1900994 (-)-secologanin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (-)-secologanin.
1900995 ubiquinone-6 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ubiquinone-6. Ubiquinone-6 is a ubiquinone compound having a (2E,6E,10E,14E,18E)-3,7,11,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosa-2,6,10,14,18,22-hexaen-1-yl substituent at position 2.
1900996 benzene catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzene.
1900997 benzene biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of benzene.
1900998 nitrobenzene catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nitrobenzene.
1900999 nitrobenzene biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitrobenzene.
1901000 regulation of response to salt stress P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to salt stress.
1901001 negative regulation of response to salt stress P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to salt stress.
1901002 positive regulation of response to salt stress P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to salt stress.
1901003 negative regulation of fermentation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fermentation.
1901004 ubiquinone-6 metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving ubiquinone-6. Ubiquinone-6 is a ubiquinone compound having a (2E,6E,10E,14E,18E)-3,7,11,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosa-2,6,10,14,18,22-hexaen-1-yl substituent at position 2.
1901005 ubiquinone-6 catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ubiquinone-6.
1901006 ubiquinone-6 biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone-6.
1901007 (S)-scoulerine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving (S)-scoulerine.
1901008 (S)-scoulerine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (S)-scoulerine.
1901009 (S)-scoulerine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (S)-scoulerine.
1901010 (S)-reticuline metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving (S)-reticuline.
1901011 (S)-reticuline catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (S)-reticuline.
1901012 (S)-reticuline biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (S)-reticuline.
1901013 3alpha(S)-strictosidine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3alpha(S)-strictosidine.
1901014 3alpha(S)-strictosidine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3alpha(S)-strictosidine.
1901015 3alpha(S)-strictosidine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 3alpha(S)-strictosidine.
1901016 regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity.
1901017 negative regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity.
1901018 positive regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity.
1901019 regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity.
1901020 negative regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity.
1901021 positive regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity.
1901022 4-hydroxyphenylacetate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-hydroxyphenylacetate.
1901023 4-hydroxyphenylacetate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 4-hydroxyphenylacetate.
1901024 4-hydroxyphenylacetate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 4-hydroxyphenylacetate.
1901025 ripoptosome assembly involved in extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of ripoptosome components leading to apoptosis via the extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
1901026 ripoptosome assembly involved in necroptotic process P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of ripoptosome components leading to a necroptotic process.
1901027 dextrin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dextrin.
1901028 regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway.
1901029 negative regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway.
1901030 positive regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway.
1901031 regulation of response to reactive oxygen species P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to reactive oxygen species.
1901032 negative regulation of response to reactive oxygen species P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to reactive oxygen species.
1901033 positive regulation of response to reactive oxygen species P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to reactive oxygen species.
1901034 regulation of L-glutamine import P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-glutamine import.
1901035 negative regulation of L-glutamine import P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-glutamine import.
1901036 positive regulation of L-glutamine import P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-glutamine import.
1901038 cyanidin 3-O-glucoside metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside.
1901039 regulation of peptide antigen transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peptide antigen transport.
1901040 negative regulation of peptide antigen transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of peptide antigen transport.
1901041 positive regulation of peptide antigen transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of peptide antigen transport.
1901042 positive regulation of L-arginine import P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-arginine import.
1901044 protein polyubiquitination involved in nucleus-associated proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process P Any protein polyubiquitination that is involved in nucleus-associated proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process.
1901045 negative regulation of oviposition P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oviposition.
1901046 positive regulation of oviposition P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oviposition.
1901047 insulin receptor signaling pathway involved in determination of adult lifespan P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the insulin receptor binding to insulin that controls viability and duration in the adult phase of the life-cycle.
1901048 transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway involved in regulation of multicellular organism growth P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription, that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth of the body of an organism so that it reaches its usual body size.
1901049 atropine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving atropine.
1901050 atropine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of atropine.
1901051 atropine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of atropine.
1901052 sarcosine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving sarcosine.
1901053 sarcosine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sarcosine.
1901054 sarcosine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sarcosine.
1901055 trimethylenediamine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving trimethylenediamine.
1901056 trimethylenediamine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of trimethylenediamine.
1901057 trimethylenediamine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of trimethylenediamine.
1901058 p-hydroxyphenyl lignin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving p-hydroxyphenyl lignin.
1901059 p-hydroxyphenyl lignin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of p-hydroxyphenyl lignin.
1901060 p-hydroxyphenyl lignin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of p-hydroxyphenyl lignin.
1901061 guaiacyl lignin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving guaiacyl lignin.
1901062 guaiacyl lignin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guaiacyl lignin.
1901063 guaiacyl lignin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of guaiacyl lignin.
1901064 syringal lignin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving syringal lignin.
1901065 syringal lignin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of syringal lignin.
1901066 syringal lignin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of syringal lignin.
1901067 ferulate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ferulate.
1901068 guanosine-containing compound metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving guanosine-containing compounds (guanosines).
1901069 guanosine-containing compound catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guanosine-containing compounds (guanosines).
1901070 guanosine-containing compound biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of guanosine-containing compounds (guanosines).
1901071 glucosamine-containing compound metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucosamine-containing compounds (glucosamines).
1901072 glucosamine-containing compound catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucosamine-containing compounds (glucosamines).
1901073 glucosamine-containing compound biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosamine-containing compounds (glucosamines).
1901074 regulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of engulfment of apoptotic cell.
1901075 negative regulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of engulfment of apoptotic cell.
1901076 positive regulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of engulfment of apoptotic cell.
1901077 regulation of relaxation of muscle P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of muscle.
1901078 negative regulation of relaxation of muscle P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of muscle.
1901079 positive regulation of relaxation of muscle P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of muscle.
1901080 regulation of relaxation of smooth muscle P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of smooth muscle.
1901081 negative regulation of relaxation of smooth muscle P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of smooth muscle.
1901082 positive regulation of relaxation of smooth muscle P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of smooth muscle.
1901083 pyrrolizidine alkaloid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrrolizidine alkaloid.
1901084 pyrrolizidine alkaloid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrrolizidine alkaloid.
1901085 pyrrolizidine alkaloid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrrolizidine alkaloid.
1901086 benzylpenicillin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzylpenicillin.
1901087 benzylpenicillin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzylpenicillin.
1901088 benzylpenicillin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of benzylpenicillin.
1901089 acetate ester metabolic process involved in fermentation P Any acetate ester metabolic process that is involved in fermentation.
1901090 regulation of protein tetramerization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein tetramerization.
1901091 negative regulation of protein tetramerization P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein tetramerization.
1901092 positive regulation of protein tetramerization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein tetramerization.
1901093 regulation of protein homotetramerization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein homotetramerization.
1901094 negative regulation of protein homotetramerization P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein homotetramerization.
1901095 positive regulation of protein homotetramerization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein homotetramerization.
1901096 regulation of autophagosome maturation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagosome maturation.
1901097 negative regulation of autophagosome maturation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of autophagosome maturation.
1901098 positive regulation of autophagosome maturation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of autophagosome maturation.
1901099 negative regulation of signal transduction in absence of ligand P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction in absence of ligand.
1901101 gramicidin S metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving gramicidin S.
1901102 gramicidin S catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gramicidin S.
1901103 gramicidin S biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gramicidin S.
1901104 tetracenomycin C metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetracenomycin C.
1901105 tetracenomycin C catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tetracenomycin C.
1901106 tetracenomycin C biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetracenomycin C.
1901107 granaticin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving granaticin.
1901108 granaticin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of granaticin.
1901109 granaticin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of granaticin.
1901110 actinorhodin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving actinorhodin.
1901111 actinorhodin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of actinorhodin.
1901112 actinorhodin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of actinorhodin.
1901113 erythromycin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving erythromycin.
1901114 erythromycin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of erythromycin.
1901115 erythromycin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of erythromycin.
1901116 cephamycin C metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving cephamycin C.
1901117 cephamycin C catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cephamycin C.
1901118 cephamycin C biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cephamycin C.
1901119 tobramycin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving tobramycin.
1901120 tobramycin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tobramycin.
1901121 tobramycin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tobramycin.
1901122 bacitracin A metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving bacitracin A.
1901123 bacitracin A catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of bacitracin A.
1901124 bacitracin A biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bacitracin A.
1901125 candicidin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving candicidin.
1901126 candicidin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of candicidin.
1901127 candicidin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of candicidin.
1901128 gentamycin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving gentamycin.
1901129 gentamycin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gentamycin.
1901130 gentamycin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gentamycin.
1901131 kanamycin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving kanamycin.
1901132 kanamycin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of kanamycin.
1901133 kanamycin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of kanamycin.
1901134 negative regulation of coflocculation via protein-carbohydrate interaction P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of coflocculation via protein-carbohydrate interaction.
1901135 carbohydrate derivative metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrate derivative.
1901136 carbohydrate derivative catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrate derivative.
1901137 carbohydrate derivative biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrate derivative.
1901140 p-coumaryl alcohol transport P The directed movement of a p-coumaryl alcohol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
1901141 regulation of lignin biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lignin biosynthetic process.
1901142 insulin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving insulin.
1901143 insulin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of insulin.
1901145 mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in nephron morphogenesis P Any mesenchymal cell apoptotic process that is involved in nephron morphogenesis.
1901146 mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in mesonephric nephron morphogenesis P Any mesenchymal cell apoptotic process that is involved in mesonephric nephron morphogenesis.
1901147 mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron morphogenesis P Any mesenchymal cell apoptotic process that is involved in metanephric nephron morphogenesis.
1901148 gene expression involved in extracellular matrix organization P Any gene expression that is involved in extracellular matrix organization. Gene expression includes both transcription to produce an RNA transcript, and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included in gene expression when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
1901149 salicylic acid binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with salicylic acid.
1901150 vistamycin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving vistamycin.
1901151 vistamycin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of vistamycin.
1901152 vistamycin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vistamycin.
1901153 paromomycin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving paromomycin.
1901154 paromomycin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of paromomycin.
1901155 paromomycin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of paromomycin.
1901156 neomycin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving neomycin.
1901157 neomycin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of neomycin.
1901158 neomycin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of neomycin.
1901159 xylulose 5-phosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xylulose 5-phosphate.
1901160 primary amino compound metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving primary amino compound.
1901161 primary amino compound catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of primary amino compound.
1901162 primary amino compound biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of primary amino compound.
1901163 regulation of trophoblast cell migration P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of trophoblast cell migration.
1901164 negative regulation of trophoblast cell migration P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of trophoblast cell migration.
1901165 positive regulation of trophoblast cell migration P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of trophoblast cell migration.
1901166 neural crest cell migration involved in autonomic nervous system development P Any neural crest cell migration that is involved in autonomic nervous system development.
1901167 3-chlorocatechol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-chlorocatechol.
1901168 3-chlorocatechol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-chlorocatechol.
1901169 3-chlorocatechol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 3-chlorocatechol.
1901170 naphthalene catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of naphthalene.
1901171 naphthalene biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of naphthalene.
1901172 phytoene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytoene.
1901173 phytoene catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phytoene.
1901174 phytoene biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytoene.
1901175 lycopene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving lycopene.
1901176 lycopene catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lycopene.
1901177 lycopene biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lycopene.
1901178 spheroidene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving spheroidene.
1901179 spheroidene catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of spheroidene.
1901180 spheroidene biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of spheroidene.
1901181 negative regulation of cellular response to caffeine P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to caffeine.
1901182 regulation of camalexin biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of camalexin biosynthetic process.
1901183 positive regulation of camalexin biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of camalexin biosynthetic process.
1901184 regulation of ERBB signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ERBB signaling pathway.
1901185 negative regulation of ERBB signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ERBB signaling pathway.
1901186 positive regulation of ERBB signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ERBB signaling pathway.
1901187 regulation of ephrin receptor signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ephrin receptor signaling pathway.
1901188 negative regulation of ephrin receptor signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ephrin receptor signaling pathway.
1901189 positive regulation of ephrin receptor signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ephrin receptor signaling pathway.
1901190 regulation of formation of translation initiation ternary complex P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of formation of translation initiation ternary complex.
1901191 negative regulation of formation of translation initiation ternary complex P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of formation of translation initiation ternary complex.
1901192 positive regulation of formation of translation initiation ternary complex P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of formation of translation initiation ternary complex.
1901193 regulation of formation of translation preinitiation complex P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of formation of translation preinitiation complex.
1901194 negative regulation of formation of translation preinitiation complex P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of formation of translation preinitiation complex.
1901195 positive regulation of formation of translation preinitiation complex P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of formation of translation preinitiation complex.
1901196 positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling involved in cellular response to salt stress P Any positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling that is involved in cellular response to salt stress.
1901197 positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling involved in cellular response to calcium ion P Any positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling that is involved in cellular response to calcium ion.
1901198 positive regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol involved in cellular response to calcium ion P Any positive regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol that is involved in cellular response to calcium ion.
1901199 positive regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol involved in cellular response to salt stress P Any positive regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol that is involved in cellular response to salt stress.
1901200 negative regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol involved in cellular response to salt stress P Any negative regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol that is involved in cellular response to salt stress.
1901201 regulation of extracellular matrix assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix assembly.
1901202 negative regulation of extracellular matrix assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix assembly.
1901203 positive regulation of extracellular matrix assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix assembly.
1901204 regulation of adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cardiac adrenergic receptor signaling pathway.
1901205 negative regulation of adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cardiac adrenergic receptor signaling pathway.
1901206 positive regulation of adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cardiac adrenergic receptor signaling pathway.
1901207 regulation of heart looping P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart looping.
1901208 negative regulation of heart looping P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heart looping.
1901209 positive regulation of heart looping P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heart looping.
1901210 regulation of cardiac chamber formation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac chamber formation.
1901211 negative regulation of cardiac chamber formation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac chamber formation.
1901212 positive regulation of cardiac chamber formation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac chamber formation.
1901213 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in heart development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the development of the heart over time.
1901214 regulation of neuron death P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron death.
1901215 negative regulation of neuron death P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron death.
1901216 positive regulation of neuron death P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron death.
1901217 regulation of holin activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of holin activity.
1901218 negative regulation of holin activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of holin activity.
1901219 regulation of cardiac chamber morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac chamber morphogenesis.
1901220 negative regulation of cardiac chamber morphogenesis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac chamber morphogenesis.
1901221 positive regulation of cardiac chamber morphogenesis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac chamber morphogenesis.
1901222 regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling.
1901223 negative regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling.
1901224 positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling.
1901227 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in heart development P Any negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that is involved in heart development.
1901228 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in heart development P Any positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that is involved in heart development.
1901229 regulation of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway via JNK cascade P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway via JNK cascade.
1901230 negative regulation of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway via JNK cascade P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway via JNK cascade.
1901231 positive regulation of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway via JNK cascade P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway via JNK cascade.
1901232 regulation of convergent extension involved in axis elongation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of convergent extension involved in axis elongation.
1901233 negative regulation of convergent extension involved in axis elongation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of convergent extension involved in axis elongation.
1901234 positive regulation of convergent extension involved in axis elongation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of convergent extension involved in axis elongation.
1901235 (R)-carnitine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of (R)-carnitine from one side of the membrane to the other.
1901236 4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of 4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate from one side of the membrane to the other.
1901237 tungstate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of tungstate from one side of the membrane to the other.
1901238 ATPase-coupled tungstate transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + tungstate(in) = ADP + phosphate + tungstate(out).
1901239 malonate(1-) transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of malonate(1-) from one side of the membrane to the other.
1901241 4-hydroxyphenylacetate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of 4-hydroxyphenylacetate from one side of the membrane to the other.
1901242 ATPase-coupled doxorubicin transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + doxorubicin(in) = ADP + phosphate + doxorubicin(out).
1901243 ATPase-coupled methionine transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + methionine(in) = ADP + phosphate + methionine(out).
1901244 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in defense response to fungus P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter to protect the cell or organism in response to the presence of a fungus.
1901245 positive regulation of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway by B cell receptor internalization P The movement of a B cell receptor (BCR) from the plasma membrane to the inside of the cell, which results in positive regulation of toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) signaling. For example, internalized BCR signals to recruit TLR9 from multiple small endosomes to large autophagosome-like compartments to enhance TLR9 signaling.
1901246 regulation of lung ciliated cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lung ciliated cell differentiation.
1901247 negative regulation of lung ciliated cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lung ciliated cell differentiation.
1901248 positive regulation of lung ciliated cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lung ciliated cell differentiation.
1901249 regulation of lung goblet cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lung goblet cell differentiation.
1901250 negative regulation of lung goblet cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lung goblet cell differentiation.
1901251 positive regulation of lung goblet cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lung goblet cell differentiation.
1901252 regulation of intracellular transport of viral material P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of egress of virus within host cell.
1901253 negative regulation of intracellular transport of viral material P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular transport of viral material.
1901254 positive regulation of intracellular transport of viral material P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular transport of viral material.
1901255 nucleotide-excision repair involved in interstrand cross-link repair P Any nucleotide-excision repair that is involved in interstrand cross-link repair.
1901256 regulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage colony-stimulating factor production.
1901257 negative regulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor production P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage colony-stimulating factor production.
1901258 positive regulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage colony-stimulating factor production.
1901259 chloroplast rRNA processing P Any rRNA processing that takes place in chloroplast.
1901260 peptidyl-lysine hydroxylation involved in bacterial-type EF-P lysine modification P Any peptidyl-lysine hydroxylation that is involved in bacterial-type EF-P lysine modification.
1901261 regulation of sorocarp spore cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sorocarp spore cell differentiation.
1901262 negative regulation of sorocarp spore cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sorocarp spore cell differentiation.
1901263 positive regulation of sorocarp spore cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sorocarp spore cell differentiation.
1901264 carbohydrate derivative transport P The directed movement of a carbohydrate derivative into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
1901265 nucleoside phosphate binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with nucleoside phosphate.
1901266 cephalosporin C metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving cephalosporin C.
1901267 cephalosporin C catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cephalosporin C.
1901268 cephalosporin C biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cephalosporin C.
1901269 lipooligosaccharide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipooligosaccharide.
1901270 lipooligosaccharide catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipooligosaccharide.
1901271 lipooligosaccharide biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipooligosaccharide.
1901272 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconic acid.
1901273 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconic acid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconic acid.
1901274 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconic acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconic acid.
1901275 tartrate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving tartrate.
1901276 tartrate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tartrate.
1901277 tartrate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tartrate.
1901278 D-ribose 5-phosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-ribose 5-phosphate.
1901279 D-ribose 5-phosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-ribose 5-phosphate.
1901280 D-ribose 5-phosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-ribose 5-phosphate.
1901281 fructoselysine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructoselysine.
1901282 fructoselysine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fructoselysine.
1901283 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin.
1901284 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin.
1901285 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin.
1901286 iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor.
1901287 iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor.
1901288 iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor.
1901289 succinyl-CoA catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of succinyl-CoA.
1901290 succinyl-CoA biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of succinyl-CoA.
1901291 negative regulation of double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing.
1901292 nucleoside phosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleoside phosphate.
1901293 nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleoside phosphate.
1901294 negative regulation of SREBP signaling pathway by negative regulation of DNA binding P Negative regulation of DNA binding that results in negative regulation of a SREBP signaling pathway.
1901295 regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment.
1901296 negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment.
1901297 positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment.
1901298 regulation of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death.
1901299 negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death.
1901300 positive regulation of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death.
1901301 regulation of cargo loading into COPII-coated vesicle P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cargo loading into COPII-coated vesicle.
1901303 negative regulation of cargo loading into COPII-coated vesicle P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cargo loading into a COPII-coated vesicle.
1901304 regulation of spermidine biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spermidine biosynthetic process.
1901305 negative regulation of spermidine biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spermidine biosynthetic process.
1901307 positive regulation of spermidine biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spermidine biosynthetic process.
1901308 regulation of sterol regulatory element binding protein cleavage P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sterol regulatory element binding protein cleavage.
1901309 negative regulation of sterol regulatory element binding protein cleavage P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sterol regulatory element binding protein cleavage.
1901310 positive regulation of sterol regulatory element binding protein cleavage P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sterol regulatory element binding protein cleavage.
1901314 regulation of histone H2A K63-linked ubiquitination P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histone H2A K63-linked ubiquitination.
1901315 negative regulation of histone H2A K63-linked ubiquitination P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histone H2A K63-linked ubiquitination.
1901316 positive regulation of histone H2A K63-linked ubiquitination P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histone H2A K63-linked ubiquitination.
1901317 regulation of flagellated sperm motility P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of flagellated sperm motility.
1901318 negative regulation of flagellated sperm motility P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of flagellated sperm motility.
1901319 positive regulation of trehalose catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of trehalose catabolic process.
1901320 negative regulation of heart induction P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heart induction.
1901321 positive regulation of heart induction P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heart induction.
1901322 response to chloramphenicol P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chloramphenicol stimulus.
1901323 response to erythromycin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an erythromycin stimulus.
1901324 response to trichodermin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trichodermin stimulus.
1901325 response to antimycin A P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antimycin A stimulus.
1901326 response to tetracycline P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tetracycline stimulus.
1901327 response to tacrolimus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tacrolimus stimulus.
1901328 response to cytochalasin B P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytochalasin B stimulus.
1901329 regulation of odontoblast differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of odontoblast differentiation.
1901330 negative regulation of odontoblast differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of odontoblast differentiation.
1901331 positive regulation of odontoblast differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of odontoblast differentiation.
1901332 negative regulation of lateral root development P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lateral root development.
1901333 positive regulation of lateral root development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lateral root development.
1901334 lactone metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving lactone.
1901335 lactone catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lactone.
1901336 lactone biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactone.
1901337 thioester transport P The directed movement of a thioester into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
1901338 catecholamine binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with catecholamine.
1901339 regulation of store-operated calcium channel activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of store-operated calcium channel activity.
1901340 negative regulation of store-operated calcium channel activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of store-operated calcium channel activity.
1901341 positive regulation of store-operated calcium channel activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of store-operated calcium channel activity.
1901342 regulation of vasculature development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vasculature development.
1901343 negative regulation of vasculature development P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vasculature development.
1901344 response to leptomycin B P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leptomycin B stimulus.
1901345 response to L-thialysine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-thialysine stimulus.
1901346 negative regulation of vasculature development involved in avascular cornea development in camera-type eye P Any negative regulation of vasculature development that is involved in developing an avascular cornea of a camera-type eye.
1901347 negative regulation of secondary cell wall biogenesis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of secondary cell wall biogenesis.
1901348 positive regulation of secondary cell wall biogenesis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of secondary cell wall biogenesis.
1901349 glucosinolate transport P The directed movement of a glucosinolate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
1901350 cell-cell signaling involved in cell-cell junction organization P Any cell-cell signaling that is involved in cell-cell junction organization.
1901351 regulation of phosphatidylglycerol biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylglycerol biosynthetic process.
1901352 negative regulation of phosphatidylglycerol biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylglycerol biosynthetic process.
1901353 positive regulation of phosphatidylglycerol biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylglycerol biosynthetic process.
1901354 response to L-canavanine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-canavanine stimulus.
1901355 response to rapamycin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a rapamycin stimulus.
1901356 beta-D-galactofuranose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-D-galactofuranose.
1901357 beta-D-galactofuranose catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-D-galactofuranose.
1901358 beta-D-galactofuranose biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-D-galactofuranose.
1901359 tungstate binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with tungstate.
1901360 organic cyclic compound metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic cyclic compound.
1901361 organic cyclic compound catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic cyclic compound.
1901362 organic cyclic compound biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic cyclic compound.
1901363 heterocyclic compound binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with heterocyclic compound.
1901364 funalenone metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving funalenone.
1901365 funalenone catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of funalenone.
1901366 funalenone biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of funalenone.
1901367 response to L-cysteine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-cysteine stimulus.
1901368 NAD transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of NAD from one side of the membrane to the other.
1901369 cyclic 2,3-bisphospho-D-glycerate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyclic 2,3-bisphospho-D-glyceric acid.
1901370 response to glutathione P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glutathione stimulus.
1901371 regulation of leaf morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leaf morphogenesis.
1901372 trehalose biosynthetic process involved in ascospore formation P Any trehalose biosynthetic process that is involved in ascospore formation.
1901373 lipid hydroperoxide transport P The directed movement of a lipid hydroperoxide into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
1901374 acetate ester transport P The directed movement of an acetate ester into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
1901375 acetate ester transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of an acetate ester from one side of the membrane to the other.
1901376 organic heteropentacyclic compound metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic heteropentacyclic compound.
1901377 organic heteropentacyclic compound catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic heteropentacyclic compound.
1901378 organic heteropentacyclic compound biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic heteropentacyclic compound.
1901379 regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transport.
1901380 negative regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transport.
1901381 positive regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transport.
1901382 regulation of chorionic trophoblast cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chorionic trophoblast cell proliferation.
1901383 negative regulation of chorionic trophoblast cell proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chorionic trophoblast cell proliferation.
1901384 positive regulation of chorionic trophoblast cell proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chorionic trophoblast cell proliferation.
1901385 regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated calcium channel activity.
1901386 negative regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated calcium channel activity.
1901387 positive regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated calcium channel activity.
1901388 regulation of transforming growth factor beta activation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transforming growth factor beta activation.
1901389 negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta activation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transforming growth factor beta activation.
1901390 positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta activation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transforming growth factor beta activation.
1901392 regulation of transforming growth factor beta1 activation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transforming growth factor beta1 activation.
1901393 negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta1 activation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transforming growth factor beta1 activation.
1901394 positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta1 activation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transforming growth factor beta1 activation.
1901395 regulation of transforming growth factor beta2 activation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transforming growth factor beta2 activation.
1901396 negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta2 activation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transforming growth factor beta2 activation.
1901397 positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta2 activation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transforming growth factor beta2 activation.
1901398 regulation of transforming growth factor beta3 activation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transforming growth factor beta3 activation.
1901399 negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta3 activation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transforming growth factor beta3 activation.
1901400 positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta3 activation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transforming growth factor beta3 activation.
1901401 regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole metabolic process.
1901402 negative regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole metabolic process.
1901403 positive regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole metabolic process.
1901404 regulation of tetrapyrrole catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole catabolic process.
1901405 negative regulation of tetrapyrrole catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole catabolic process.
1901406 positive regulation of tetrapyrrole catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole catabolic process.
1901407 regulation of phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain.
1901408 negative regulation of phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain.
1901409 positive regulation of phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain.
1901410 regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glutamate P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glutamate.
1901411 negative regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glutamate P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glutamate.
1901412 positive regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glutamate P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glutamate.
1901413 regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glycine and succinyl-CoA P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glycine and succinyl-CoA.
1901414 negative regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glycine and succinyl-CoA P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glycine and succinyl-CoA.
1901415 positive regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glycine and succinyl-CoA P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glycine and succinyl-CoA.
1901416 regulation of response to ethanol P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to ethanol.
1901417 negative regulation of response to ethanol P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to ethanol.
1901418 positive regulation of response to ethanol P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to ethanol.
1901419 regulation of response to alcohol P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to alcohol.
1901420 negative regulation of response to alcohol P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to alcohol.
1901421 positive regulation of response to alcohol P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to alcohol.
1901422 response to butan-1-ol P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a butan-1-ol stimulus.
1901423 response to benzene P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a benzene stimulus.
1901424 response to toluene P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toluene stimulus.
1901425 response to formic acid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a formic acid stimulus.
1901426 response to furfural P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a furfural stimulus.
1901427 response to propan-1-ol P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a propan-1-ol stimulus.
1901428 regulation of syringal lignin biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of syringal lignin biosynthetic process.
1901429 negative regulation of syringal lignin biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of syringal lignin biosynthetic process.
1901430 positive regulation of syringal lignin biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of syringal lignin biosynthetic process.
1901431 regulation of response to cycloalkane P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to cycloalkane.
1901432 negative regulation of response to cycloalkane P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to cycloalkane.
1901433 positive regulation of response to cycloalkane P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to cycloalkane.
1901434 regulation of toluene catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of toluene catabolic process.
1901435 negative regulation of toluene catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of toluene catabolic process.
1901436 positive regulation of toluene catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of toluene catabolic process.
1901437 regulation of toluene metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of toluene metabolic process.
1901438 negative regulation of toluene metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of toluene metabolic process.
1901439 positive regulation of toluene metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of toluene metabolic process.
1901440 poly(hydroxyalkanoate) metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly(hydroxyalkanoate).
1901441 poly(hydroxyalkanoate) biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(hydroxyalkanoate).
1901442 regulation of response to furfural P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to furfural.
1901443 negative regulation of response to furfural P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to furfural.
1901444 positive regulation of response to furfural P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to furfural.
1901445 regulation of response to propan-1-ol P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to propan-1-ol.
1901446 negative regulation of response to propan-1-ol P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to propan-1-ol.
1901447 positive regulation of response to propan-1-ol P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to propan-1-ol.
1901448 regulation of response to butan-1-ol P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to butan-1-ol.
1901449 negative regulation of response to butan-1-ol P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to butan-1-ol.
1901450 positive regulation of response to butan-1-ol P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to butan-1-ol.
1901451 regulation of response to benzene P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to benzene.
1901452 negative regulation of response to benzene P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to benzene.
1901453 positive regulation of response to benzene P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to benzene.
1901454 regulation of response to toluene P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to toluene.
1901455 negative regulation of response to toluene P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to toluene.
1901456 positive regulation of response to toluene P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to toluene.
1901457 regulation of response to acetate P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to acetate.
1901458 negative regulation of response to acetate P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to acetate.
1901459 positive regulation of response to acetate P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to acetate.
1901460 regulation of response to formic acid P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to formic acid.
1901461 negative regulation of response to formic acid P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to formic acid.
1901462 positive regulation of response to formic acid P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to formic acid.
1901463 regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process.
1901464 negative regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process.
1901465 positive regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process.
1901466 regulation of ferulate catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ferulate catabolic process.
1901467 negative regulation of ferulate catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ferulate catabolic process.
1901468 positive regulation of ferulate catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ferulate catabolic process.
1901469 regulation of syringal lignin catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of syringal lignin catabolic process.
1901470 negative regulation of syringal lignin catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of syringal lignin catabolic process.
1901471 positive regulation of syringal lignin catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of syringal lignin catabolic process.
1901472 regulation of Golgi calcium ion export P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Golgi calcium ion export.
1901474 azole transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of azole from one side of the membrane to the other.
1901475 pyruvate transmembrane transport P The directed movement of pyruvate across a membrane.
1901476 carbohydrate transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of carbohydrate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
1901477 benomyl transmembrane transport P The directed movement of benomyl across a membrane.
1901478 aminotriazole transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of amitrole from one side of the membrane to the other.
1901479 benomyl transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of benomyl from one side of the membrane to the other.
1901480 oleate transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of oleate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
1901481 L-glutamate import involved in cellular response to nitrogen starvation P Any L-glutamate import that is involved in cellular response to nitrogen starvation.
1901482 L-lysine import involved in cellular response to nitrogen starvation P Any L-lysine import that is involved in cellular response to nitrogen starvation.
1901483 regulation of transcription factor catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription factor catabolic process.
1901484 negative regulation of transcription factor catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription factor catabolic process.
1901485 positive regulation of transcription factor catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription factor catabolic process.
1901486 negative regulation of SREBP signaling pathway by positive regulation of transcription factor catabolic process P Positive regulation of transcription factor catabolism that results in negative regulation of the SREBP signaling pathway.
1901487 negative regulation of SREBP signaling pathway by positive regulation of transcription factor catabolic process in response to increased oxygen levels P Positive regulation of transcription factor catabolism in response to increased oxygen levels, which results in negative regulation of the SREBP signaling pathway.
1901488 positive regulation of SREBP signaling pathway by negative regulation of transcription factor catabolic process P Negative regulation of transcription factor catabolism that results in positive regulation of the SREBP signaling pathway.
1901489 positive regulation of SREBP signaling pathway by negative regulation of transcription factor catabolic process in response to decreased oxygen levels P Negative regulation of transcription factor catabolism in response to decreased oxygen levels, which results in positive regulation of the SREBP signaling pathway.
1901490 regulation of lymphangiogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphangiogenesis.
1901491 negative regulation of lymphangiogenesis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphangiogenesis.
1901492 positive regulation of lymphangiogenesis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphangiogenesis.
1901493 response to decalin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a decalin stimulus.
1901494 regulation of cysteine metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cysteine metabolic process.
1901495 negative regulation of cysteine metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cysteine metabolic process.
1901496 positive regulation of cysteine metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cysteine metabolic process.
1901497 response to diphenyl ether P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diphenyl ether stimulus.
1901498 response to tetralin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tetralin stimulus.
1901499 response to hexane P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hexane stimulus.
1901500 response to p-xylene P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a p-xylene stimulus.
1901501 response to xylene P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a xylene stimulus.
1901502 ether catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ether.
1901503 ether biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ether.
1901504 triazole transport P The directed movement of a triazole into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
1901505 carbohydrate derivative transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of carbohydrate derivative into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
1901506 regulation of acylglycerol transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of acylglycerol transport.
1901507 negative regulation of acylglycerol transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of acylglycerol transport.
1901508 positive regulation of acylglycerol transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of acylglycerol transport.
1901509 regulation of endothelial tube morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial tube morphogenesis.
1901510 (-)-microperfuranone metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving (-)-microperfuranone.
1901511 (-)-microperfuranone catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (-)-microperfuranone.
1901512 (-)-microperfuranone biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (-)-microperfuranone.
1901513 lipo-chitin oligosaccharide transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of lipo-chitin oligosaccharide from one side of the membrane to the other.
1901514 ATPase-coupled lipo-chitin oligosaccharide transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + lipo-chitin oligosaccharide(in) = ADP + phosphate + lipo-chitin oligosaccharide(out).
1901515 poly-beta-1,6-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of poly-beta-1,6-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine from one side of the membrane to the other.
1901516 aspyridone A metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving aspyridone A.
1901517 aspyridone A catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aspyridone A.
1901518 aspyridone A biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aspyridone A.
1901519 aspyridone B metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving aspyridone B.
1901520 aspyridone B catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aspyridone B.
1901521 aspyridone B biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aspyridone B.
1901522 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus P Any positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that is involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus.
1901523 icosanoid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of icosanoid.
1901524 regulation of macromitophagy P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macromitophagy.
1901525 negative regulation of macromitophagy P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macromitophagy.
1901526 positive regulation of macromitophagy P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macromitophagy.
1901527 abscisic acid-activated signaling pathway involved in stomatal movement P Any abscisic acid mediated signaling pathway that is involved in stomatal movement.
1901528 hydrogen peroxide mediated signaling pathway involved in stomatal movement P Any hydrogen peroxide mediated signaling pathway that is involved in stomatal movement.
1901529 positive regulation of anion channel activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anion channel activity.
1901530 response to hypochlorite P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hypochlorite stimulus.
1901531 hypochlorite binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with hypochlorite.
1901532 regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation.
1901533 negative regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation.
1901534 positive regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation.
1901535 regulation of DNA demethylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA demethylation.
1901536 negative regulation of DNA demethylation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA demethylation.
1901537 positive regulation of DNA demethylation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA demethylation.
1901538 changes to DNA methylation involved in embryo development P The addition or removal of methyl groups to DNA that contributes to the epigenetic regulation of embryonic gene expression.
1901539 ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene.
1901540 ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene.
1901541 ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene.
1901542 regulation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene biosynthetic process.
1901543 negative regulation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene biosynthetic process.
1901544 positive regulation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene biosynthetic process.
1901545 response to raffinose P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a raffinose stimulus.
1901546 regulation of synaptic vesicle lumen acidification P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle lumen acidification.
1901547 negative regulation of synaptic vesicle lumen acidification P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle lumen acidification.
1901548 positive regulation of synaptic vesicle lumen acidification P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle lumen acidification.
1901549 malonic acid uptake transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of malonic acid from the outside of a cell to the inside across a membrane.
1901550 regulation of endothelial cell development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell development.
1901551 negative regulation of endothelial cell development P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell development.
1901552 positive regulation of endothelial cell development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell development.
1901553 malonic acid transmembrane transport P The directed movement of malonic acid across a membrane.
1901554 response to paracetamol P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a paracetamol stimulus.
1901555 response to paclitaxel P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a paclitaxel stimulus.
1901556 response to candesartan P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a candesartan stimulus.
1901557 response to fenofibrate P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fenofibrate stimulus.
1901558 response to metformin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a metformin stimulus.
1901559 response to ribavirin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ribavirin stimulus.
1901560 response to purvalanol A P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a purvalanol A stimulus.
1901561 response to benomyl P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a benomyl stimulus.
1901562 response to paraquat P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a paraquat stimulus.
1901563 response to camptothecin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a camptothecin stimulus.
1901564 organonitrogen compound metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving organonitrogen compound.
1901565 organonitrogen compound catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organonitrogen compound.
1901566 organonitrogen compound biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organonitrogen compound.
1901567 fatty acid derivative binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with fatty acid derivative.
1901568 fatty acid derivative metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acid derivative.
1901569 fatty acid derivative catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fatty acid derivative.
1901570 fatty acid derivative biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acid derivative.
1901571 fatty acid derivative transport P The directed movement of a fatty acid derivative into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
1901575 organic substance catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon.
1901576 organic substance biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon.
1901577 regulation of alkane biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alkane biosynthetic process.
1901578 negative regulation of alkane biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of alkane biosynthetic process.
1901579 positive regulation of alkane biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of alkane biosynthetic process.
1901580 regulation of telomeric RNA transcription from RNA pol II promoter P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of telomeric RNA transcription from RNA pol II promoter.
1901581 negative regulation of telomeric RNA transcription from RNA pol II promoter P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telomeric RNA transcription from RNA pol II promoter.
1901582 positive regulation of telomeric RNA transcription from RNA pol II promoter P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telomeric RNA transcription from RNA pol II promoter.
1901583 tetrapeptide transmembrane transport P The directed movement of tetrapeptide across a membrane.
1901584 tetrapeptide transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of tetrapeptide from one side of the membrane to the other.
1901585 regulation of acid-sensing ion channel activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of acid-sensing ion channel activity.
1901586 negative regulation of acid-sensing ion channel activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of acid-sensing ion channel activity.
1901587 positive regulation of acid-sensing ion channel activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of acid-sensing ion channel activity.
1901588 dendritic microtubule C Any microtubule in a dendrite, a neuron projection.
1901589 axon microtubule bundle C An arrangement of closely apposed microtubules running parallel to each other in the axon hillock and initial segment.
1901591 regulation of double-strand break repair via break-induced replication P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair via break-induced replication.
1901592 negative regulation of double-strand break repair via break-induced replication P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair via break-induced replication.
1901593 response to GW 7647 P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a GW 7647 stimulus.
1901594 response to capsazepine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a capsazepine stimulus.
1901595 response to hesperadin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hesperadin stimulus.
1901596 response to reversine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a reversine stimulus.
1901597 response to carbendazim P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbendazim stimulus.
1901598 (-)-pinoresinol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving (-)-pinoresinol.
1901599 (-)-pinoresinol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (-)-pinoresinol.
1901600 strigolactone metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving strigolactone.
1901601 strigolactone biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of strigolactone.
1901602 dethiobiotin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with dethiobiotin.
1901603 biotin transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of biotin from one side of the membrane to the other.
1901604 dethiobiotin transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of dethiobiotin from one side of the membrane to the other.
1901605 alpha-amino acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving an alpha-amino acid.
1901606 alpha-amino acid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an alpha-amino acid.
1901607 alpha-amino acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an alpha-amino acid.
1901608 regulation of vesicle transport along microtubule P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle transport along microtubule.
1901609 negative regulation of vesicle transport along microtubule P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle transport along microtubule.
1901610 positive regulation of vesicle transport along microtubule P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle transport along microtubule.
1901611 phosphatidylglycerol binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidylglycerol.
1901612 cardiolipin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cardiolipin.
1901613 negative regulation of terminal button organization P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of terminal button organization.
1901614 positive regulation of terminal button organization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of terminal button organization.
1901615 organic hydroxy compound metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic hydroxy compound.
1901616 organic hydroxy compound catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic hydroxy compound.
1901617 organic hydroxy compound biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic hydroxy compound.
1901618 organic hydroxy compound transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of organic hydroxy compound from one side of the membrane to the other.
1901619 tRNA methylation in response to nitrogen starvation P The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to specific residues in a tRNA molecule as a result of deprivation of nitrogen.
1901620 regulation of smoothened signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning.
1901621 negative regulation of smoothened signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning.
1901622 positive regulation of smoothened signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning.
1901623 regulation of lymphocyte chemotaxis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte chemotaxis.
1901624 negative regulation of lymphocyte chemotaxis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte chemotaxis.
1901625 cellular response to ergosterol P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ergosterol stimulus.
1901626 regulation of postsynaptic membrane organization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of postsynaptic membrane organization.
1901627 negative regulation of postsynaptic membrane organization P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of postsynaptic membrane organization.
1901628 positive regulation of postsynaptic membrane organization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of postsynaptic membrane organization.
1901629 regulation of presynaptic membrane organization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of presynaptic membrane organization.
1901630 negative regulation of presynaptic membrane organization P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of presynaptic membrane organization.
1901631 positive regulation of presynaptic membrane organization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of presynaptic membrane organization.
1901632 regulation of synaptic vesicle membrane organization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle membrane organization.
1901633 negative regulation of synaptic vesicle membrane organization P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle membrane organization.
1901634 positive regulation of synaptic vesicle membrane organization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle membrane organization.
1901639 XDP catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of XDP.
1901640 XTP binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with XTP.
1901641 ITP binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ITP.
1901642 nucleoside transmembrane transport P The directed movement of nucleoside across a membrane.
1901643 regulation of tRNA methylation in response to nitrogen starvation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tRNA methylation in response to nitrogen starvation.
1901644 positive regulation of tRNA methylation in response to nitrogen starvation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tRNA methylation in response to nitrogen starvation.
1901645 regulation of synoviocyte proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synoviocyte proliferation.
1901646 negative regulation of synoviocyte proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synoviocyte proliferation.
1901647 positive regulation of synoviocyte proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synoviocyte proliferation.
1901648 regulation of actomyosin contractile ring localization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actomyosin contractile ring localization.
1901649 negative regulation of actomyosin contractile ring localization P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actomyosin contractile ring localization.
1901650 positive regulation of actomyosin contractile ring localization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actomyosin contractile ring localization.
1901651 regulation of mitotic chromosome decondensation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic chromosome decondensation.
1901652 response to peptide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptide stimulus.
1901653 cellular response to peptide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptide stimulus.
1901654 response to ketone P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ketone stimulus.
1901655 cellular response to ketone P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ketone stimulus.
1901656 glycoside transport P The directed movement of a glycoside into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
1901657 glycosyl compound metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosyl compound.
1901658 glycosyl compound catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycosyl compound.
1901659 glycosyl compound biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosyl compound.
1901660 calcium ion export P The directed movement of calcium ion out of a cell or organelle.
1901661 quinone metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving quinone.
1901662 quinone catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of quinone.
1901663 quinone biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of quinone.
1901664 regulation of NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity.
1901665 negative regulation of NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity.
1901666 positive regulation of NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity.
1901667 negative regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell activation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of satellite cell activation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration.
1901668 regulation of superoxide dismutase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of superoxide dismutase activity.
1901670 negative regulation of superoxide dismutase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of superoxide dismutase activity.
1901671 positive regulation of superoxide dismutase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of superoxide dismutase activity.
1901672 positive regulation of systemic acquired resistance P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of systemic acquired resistance.
1901673 regulation of mitotic spindle assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic spindle assembly.
1901674 regulation of histone H3-K27 acetylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K27 acetylation.
1901675 negative regulation of histone H3-K27 acetylation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K27 acetylation.
1901676 positive regulation of histone H3-K27 acetylation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K27 acetylation.
1901677 phosphate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of phosphate from one side of the membrane to the other.
1901678 iron coordination entity transport P The directed movement of an iron coordination entity into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
1901679 nucleotide transmembrane transport P The directed movement of nucleotide across a membrane.
1901680 sulfur-containing amino acid secondary active transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of sulfur-containing amino acid from one side of the membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Chemiosmotic sources of energy include uniport, symport or antiport.
1901681 sulfur compound binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sulfur compound.
1901682 sulfur compound transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of a sulfur compound from one side of the membrane to the other.
1901683 arsenate ion transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of an arsenate ion from one side of the membrane to the other.
1901684 arsenate ion transmembrane transport P The directed movement of arsenate ion across a membrane.
1901685 glutathione derivative metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving glutathione derivative.
1901686 glutathione derivative catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutathione derivative.
1901687 glutathione derivative biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutathione derivative.
1901688 pantothenate import P The directed movement of pantothenate into a cell or organelle.
1901689 biotin import P The directed movement of biotin into a cell or organelle.
1901690 dethiobiotin import P The directed movement of dethiobiotin into a cell or organelle.
1901691 proton binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with proton.
1901692 regulation of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process.
1901693 negative regulation of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process.
1901694 positive regulation of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process.
1901695 tyramine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tyramine.
1901696 cannabinoid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cannabinoid.
1901697 olivetolic acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of olivetolic acid.
1901698 response to nitrogen compound P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrogen compound stimulus.
1901699 cellular response to nitrogen compound P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrogen compound stimulus.
1901700 response to oxygen-containing compound P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oxygen-containing compound stimulus.
1901701 cellular response to oxygen-containing compound P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oxygen-containing compound stimulus.
1901702 salt transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of salt from one side of the membrane to the other.
1901703 protein localization involved in auxin polar transport P Any protein localization that is involved in auxin polar transport.
1901704 L-glutamine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-glutamine.
1901705 L-isoleucine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-isoleucine.
1901706 mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in bone development P The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesenchymal cells of bone as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
1901707 leptomycin B binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with leptomycin B.
1901708 (+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin.
1901709 (+)-larreatricin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving (+)-larreatricin.
1901710 regulation of homoserine biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of homoserine biosynthetic process.
1901711 negative regulation of homoserine biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of homoserine biosynthetic process.
1901712 positive regulation of homoserine biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of homoserine biosynthetic process.
1901713 negative regulation of urea catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of urea catabolic process.
1901714 positive regulation of urea catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of urea catabolic process.
1901715 regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolic process.
1901716 negative regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolic process.
1901717 positive regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolic process.
1901718 regulation of dipeptide transmembrane transport by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P A regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in regulation of dipeptide transmembrane transport.
1901719 regulation of NMS complex assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of NMS complex assembly. The NMS complex is involved in chromosome segregation.
1901720 negative regulation of NMS complex assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of NMS complex assembly. The NMS complex is involved in chromosome segregation.
1901721 positive regulation of NMS complex assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of NMS complex assembly. The NMS complex is involved in chromosome segregation.
1901722 regulation of cell proliferation involved in kidney development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in kidney development.
1901723 negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in kidney development P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in kidney development.
1901724 positive regulation of cell proliferation involved in kidney development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in kidney development.
1901725 regulation of histone deacetylase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histone deacetylase activity.
1901726 negative regulation of histone deacetylase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histone deacetylase activity.
1901727 positive regulation of histone deacetylase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histone deacetylase activity.
1901728 monensin A metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving monensin A.
1901729 monensin A catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monensin A.
1901730 monensin A biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monensin A.
1901731 positive regulation of platelet aggregation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation. Platelet aggregation is the adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules.
1901732 quercetin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving quercetin.
1901733 quercetin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of quercetin.
1901734 quercetin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of quercetin.
1901735 (R)-mevalonic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving (R)-mevalonic acid.
1901736 (R)-mevalonic acid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (R)-mevalonic acid.
1901737 (R)-mevalonic acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (R)-mevalonic acid.
1901738 regulation of vitamin A metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vitamin A metabolic process.
1901739 regulation of myoblast fusion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast fusion.
1901740 negative regulation of myoblast fusion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast fusion.
1901741 positive regulation of myoblast fusion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast fusion.
1901742 2-deoxystreptamine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-deoxystreptamine.
1901743 2-deoxystreptamine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-deoxystreptamine.
1901744 2-deoxystreptamine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 2-deoxystreptamine.
1901745 prephenate(2-) metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving prephenate(2-).
1901746 prephenate(2-) catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of prephenate(2-).
1901747 prephenate(2-) biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prephenate(2-).
1901748 leukotriene D4 metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving leukotriene D4.
1901749 leukotriene D4 catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of leukotriene D4.
1901750 leukotriene D4 biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of leukotriene D4.
1901751 leukotriene A4 metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving leukotriene A4.
1901752 leukotriene A4 catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of leukotriene A4.
1901753 leukotriene A4 biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of leukotriene A4.
1901754 vitamin D3 catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of vitamin D3.
1901755 vitamin D3 biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vitamin D3.
1901756 butirosin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving butirosin.
1901757 butirosin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of butirosin.
1901758 butirosin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of butirosin.
1901759 beta-L-Ara4N-lipid A metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-L-Ara4N-lipid A.
1901760 beta-L-Ara4N-lipid A biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-L-Ara4N-lipid A which occurs as a result of modification of the lipid A moiety of lipopolysaccharide by the addition of the sugar 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose (L-Ara4N). This strategy is adopted by pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria to evade cationic antimicrobial peptides produced by the innate immune system.
1901761 oxytetracycline metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving oxytetracycline.
1901762 oxytetracycline catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of oxytetracycline.
1901763 oxytetracycline biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of oxytetracycline.
1901764 phosphinothricin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphinothricin.
1901765 phosphinothricin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphinothricin.
1901766 phosphinothricin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphinothricin.
1901767 carbapenem metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbapenem.
1901768 carbapenem catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbapenem.
1901769 carbapenem biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbapenem.
1901770 daunorubicin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of daunorubicin.
1901771 daunorubicin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of daunorubicin.
1901772 lincomycin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving lincomycin.
1901773 lincomycin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lincomycin.
1901774 lincomycin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lincomycin.
1901775 mitomycin C metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving mitomycin C.
1901776 mitomycin C catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mitomycin C.
1901777 mitomycin C biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mitomycin C.
1901778 pentalenolactone metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentalenolactone.
1901779 pentalenolactone catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pentalenolactone.
1901780 pentalenolactone biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pentalenolactone.
1901781 p-cumate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving p-cumate.
1901782 p-cumate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of p-cumate.
1901783 p-cumate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of p-cumate.
1901784 p-cresol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving p-cresol.
1901785 p-cresol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of p-cresol.
1901786 p-cresol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of p-cresol.
1901787 benzoyl-CoA metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzoyl-CoA.
1901788 benzoyl-CoA catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzoyl-CoA.
1901789 benzoyl-CoA biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of benzoyl-CoA.
1901790 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate.
1901791 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate.
1901792 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate.
1901793 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate.
1901794 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate.
1901795 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate.
1901796 regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction by p53 class mediator.
1901797 negative regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction by p53 class mediator.
1901798 positive regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction by p53 class mediator.
1901799 negative regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of proteasomal protein catabolic process.
1901800 positive regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of proteasomal protein catabolic process.
1901801 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose.
1901802 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose.
1901803 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose.
1901804 beta-glucoside metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-glucoside.
1901805 beta-glucoside catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-glucoside.
1901806 beta-glucoside biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-glucoside.
1901807 capsanthin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving capsanthin.
1901808 capsanthin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of capsanthin.
1901809 capsanthin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of capsanthin.
1901810 beta-carotene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-carotene.
1901811 beta-carotene catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-carotene.
1901812 beta-carotene biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-carotene.
1901813 astaxanthin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving astaxanthin.
1901814 astaxanthin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of astaxanthin.
1901815 astaxanthin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of astaxanthin.
1901816 beta-zeacarotene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-zeacarotene.
1901817 beta-zeacarotene catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-zeacarotene.
1901818 beta-zeacarotene biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-zeacarotene.
1901819 alpha-zeacarotene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-zeacarotene.
1901820 alpha-zeacarotene catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alpha-zeacarotene.
1901821 alpha-zeacarotene biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alpha-zeacarotene.
1901822 delta-carotene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving delta-carotene.
1901823 delta-carotene catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of delta-carotene.
1901824 delta-carotene biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of delta-carotene.
1901825 zeaxanthin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving zeaxanthin.
1901826 zeaxanthin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of zeaxanthin.
1901827 zeaxanthin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of zeaxanthin.
1901828 zeaxanthin bis(beta-D-glucoside) metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving zeaxanthin bis(beta-D-glucoside).
1901829 zeaxanthin bis(beta-D-glucoside) catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of zeaxanthin bis(beta-D-glucoside).
1901830 zeaxanthin bis(beta-D-glucoside) biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of zeaxanthin bis(beta-D-glucoside).
1901831 all-trans-neoxanthin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving all-trans-neoxanthin.
1901832 all-trans-neoxanthin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of all-trans-neoxanthin.
1901833 all-trans-neoxanthin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of all-trans-neoxanthin.
1901834 regulation of deadenylation-independent decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of deadenylation-independent decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA.
1901835 positive regulation of deadenylation-independent decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of deadenylation-independent decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA.
1901836 regulation of transcription of nuclear large rRNA transcript from RNA polymerase I promoter P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription of nuclear large rRNA transcript from RNA polymerase I promoter.
1901837 negative regulation of transcription of nuclear large rRNA transcript from RNA polymerase I promoter P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription of nuclear large rRNA transcript from RNA polymerase I promoter.
1901838 positive regulation of transcription of nuclear large rRNA transcript from RNA polymerase I promoter P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription of nuclear large rRNA transcript from RNA polymerase I promoter.
1901839 regulation of RNA polymerase I regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase I regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding.
1901840 negative regulation of RNA polymerase I regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase I regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding.
1901841 regulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity.
1901842 negative regulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity.
1901843 positive regulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity.
1901844 regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction.
1901845 negative regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction.
1901846 positive regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction.
1901847 nicotinate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinate.
1901848 nicotinate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nicotinate.
1901849 nicotinate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinate.
1901850 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin.
1901851 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin.
1901852 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin.
1901853 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrosarcinapterin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrosarcinapterin.
1901854 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrosarcinapterin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrosarcinapterin.
1901855 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrosarcinapterin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrosarcinapterin.
1901856 negative regulation of cellular respiration P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular respiration.
1901857 positive regulation of cellular respiration P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular respiration.
1901858 regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process.
1901859 negative regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process.
1901860 positive regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process.
1901861 regulation of muscle tissue development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle tissue development.
1901862 negative regulation of muscle tissue development P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle tissue development.
1901863 positive regulation of muscle tissue development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle tissue development.
1901864 capsorubin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving capsorubin.
1901865 capsorubin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of capsorubin.
1901866 capsorubin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of capsorubin.
1901867 ecgonine methyl ester metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving ecgonine methyl ester.
1901868 ecgonine methyl ester catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ecgonine methyl ester.
1901869 ecgonine methyl ester biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ecgonine methyl ester.
1901870 ecgonone methyl ester metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving ecgonone methyl ester.
1901871 ecgonone methyl ester catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ecgonone methyl ester.
1901872 ecgonone methyl ester biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ecgonone methyl ester.
1901873 regulation of post-translational protein modification P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of post-translational protein modification.
1901874 negative regulation of post-translational protein modification P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of post-translational protein modification.
1901875 positive regulation of post-translational protein modification P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of post-translational protein modification.
1901876 regulation of calcium ion binding P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion binding.
1901877 negative regulation of calcium ion binding P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion binding.
1901878 positive regulation of calcium ion binding P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion binding.
1901879 regulation of protein depolymerization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein depolymerization.
1901880 negative regulation of protein depolymerization P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein depolymerization.
1901881 positive regulation of protein depolymerization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein depolymerization.
1901882 4-hydroxycoumarin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-hydroxycoumarin.
1901883 4-hydroxycoumarin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 4-hydroxycoumarin.
1901884 4-hydroxycoumarin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 4-hydroxycoumarin.
1901885 2-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA.
1901886 2-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA.
1901887 2-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 2-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA.
1901888 regulation of cell junction assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell junction assembly.
1901889 negative regulation of cell junction assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell junction assembly.
1901890 positive regulation of cell junction assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell junction assembly.
1901891 regulation of cell septum assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell septum assembly.
1901892 negative regulation of cell septum assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell septum assembly.
1901893 positive regulation of cell septum assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell septum assembly.
1901894 regulation of calcium-transporting ATPase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-transporting ATPase activity.
1901895 negative regulation of calcium-transporting ATPase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-transporting ATPase activity.
1901896 positive regulation of calcium-transporting ATPase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-transporting ATPase activity.
1901897 regulation of relaxation of cardiac muscle P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of cardiac muscle.
1901898 negative regulation of relaxation of cardiac muscle P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of cardiac muscle.
1901899 positive regulation of relaxation of cardiac muscle P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of cardiac muscle.
1901900 regulation of protein localization to cell division site P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell division site.
1901901 regulation of protein localization to cell division site involved in cytokinesis P Any regulation of protein localization to cell division site that is involved in cytokinesis.
1901902 tyrocidine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving tyrocidine.
1901903 tyrocidine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tyrocidine.
1901904 tyrocidine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tyrocidine.
1901905 response to tamsulosin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tamsulosin stimulus.
1901906 diadenosine pentaphosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving diadenosine pentaphosphate.
1901907 diadenosine pentaphosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of diadenosine pentaphosphate.
1901908 diadenosine hexaphosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving diadenosine hexaphosphate.
1901909 diadenosine hexaphosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of diadenosine hexaphosphate.
1901910 adenosine 5'-(hexahydrogen pentaphosphate) metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving adenosine 5'-(hexahydrogen pentaphosphate).
1901911 adenosine 5'-(hexahydrogen pentaphosphate) catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of adenosine 5'-(hexahydrogen pentaphosphate).
1901913 regulation of capsule organization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of capsule organization.
1901914 negative regulation of capsule organization P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of capsule organization.
1901915 positive regulation of capsule organization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of capsule organization.
1901916 protein kinase activity involved in regulation of protein localization to cell division site involved in cytokinesis F Any protein kinase activity that is involved in regulation of protein localization to cell division site involved in cytokinesis.
1901917 regulation of exoribonuclease activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exoribonuclease activity.
1901918 negative regulation of exoribonuclease activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of exoribonuclease activity.
1901919 positive regulation of exoribonuclease activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of exoribonuclease activity.
1901920 peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation involved in activation of protein kinase activity P Any peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation that is involved in activation of protein kinase activity.
1901921 phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain involved in recruitment of 3'-end processing factors to RNA polymerase II holoenzyme complex P Any phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain that is involved in recruitment of 3'-end processing factors to RNA polymerase II holoenzyme complex.
1901922 regulation of sclerotium development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sclerotium development.
1901923 negative regulation of sclerotium development P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sclerotium development.
1901924 positive regulation of sclerotium development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sclerotium development.
1901925 negative regulation of protein import into nucleus during spindle assembly checkpoint P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, and that occurs as a response to the mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint. In S. cerevisiae, this process involves inhibition of the karyopherin/importin Kap121p (also known as Pse1p), which acts as the specific nuclear import receptor for several proteins, including Glc7p. Glc7p functions in opposition to key spindle assembly checkpoint protein Aurora kinase (Ipl1p).
1901926 cadinene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving cadinene.
1901927 cadinene catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cadinene.
1901928 cadinene biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cadinene.
1901929 alpha-copaene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-copaene.
1901930 alpha-copaene catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alpha-copaene.
1901931 alpha-copaene biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alpha-copaene.
1901932 bicyclogermacrene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving bicyclogermacrene.
1901933 bicyclogermacrene catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of bicyclogermacrene.
1901934 bicyclogermacrene biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bicyclogermacrene.
1901935 beta-caryophyllene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-caryophyllene.
1901936 beta-caryophyllene catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-caryophyllene.
1901937 beta-caryophyllene biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-caryophyllene.
1901938 (-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving (-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene.
1901939 (-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene.
1901940 (-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene.
1901941 (+)-epi-alpha-bisabolol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving (+)-epi-alpha-bisabolol.
1901942 (+)-epi-alpha-bisabolol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (+)-epi-alpha-bisabolol.
1901943 (+)-epi-alpha-bisabolol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (+)-epi-alpha-bisabolol.
1901944 miltiradiene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving miltiradiene.
1901945 miltiradiene catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of miltiradiene.
1901946 miltiradiene biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of miltiradiene.
1901947 5alpha,9alpha,10beta-labda-8(20),13-dien-15-yl diphosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 5alpha,9alpha,10beta-labda-8(20),13-dien-15-yl diphosphate.
1901948 5alpha,9alpha,10beta-labda-8(20),13-dien-15-yl diphosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 5alpha,9alpha,10beta-labda-8(20),13-dien-15-yl diphosphate.
1901949 5alpha,9alpha,10beta-labda-8(20),13-dien-15-yl diphosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 5alpha,9alpha,10beta-labda-8(20),13-dien-15-yl diphosphate.
1901950 dense core granule transport P The directed movement a dense core granule within a cell.
1901951 regulation of anterograde dense core granule transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anterograde dense core granule transport.
1901952 negative regulation of anterograde dense core granule transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anterograde dense core granule transport.
1901953 positive regulation of anterograde dense core granule transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anterograde dense core granule transport.
1901954 regulation of retrograde dense core granule transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde dense core granule transport.
1901955 negative regulation of retrograde dense core granule transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde dense core granule transport.
1901956 positive regulation of retrograde dense core granule transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde dense core granule transport.
1901957 regulation of cutin biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cutin biosynthetic process.
1901958 negative regulation of cutin biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cutin biosynthetic process.
1901959 positive regulation of cutin biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cutin biosynthetic process.
1901960 isobutanol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving isobutanol.
1901961 isobutanol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isobutanol.
1901962 S-adenosyl-L-methionine transmembrane transport P The directed movement of S-adenosyl-L-methionine across a membrane.
1901963 regulation of cell proliferation involved in outflow tract morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.
1901964 positive regulation of cell proliferation involved in outflow tract morphogenesis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.
1901965 endoplasmic reticulum to chloroplast transport P The directed movement of substances from endoplasmic reticulum to chloroplast.
1901966 regulation of cellular response to iron ion starvation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to iron ion starvation.
1901967 negative regulation of cellular response to iron ion starvation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to iron ion starvation.
1901968 regulation of polynucleotide 3'-phosphatase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of polynucleotide 3'-phosphatase activity.
1901969 positive regulation of polynucleotide 3'-phosphatase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of polynucleotide 3'-phosphatase activity.
1901970 positive regulation of mitotic sister chromatid separation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic sister chromatid separation.
1901971 regulation of DNA-5-methylcytosine glycosylase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-5-methylcytosine glycosylase activity.
1901972 positive regulation of DNA-5-methylcytosine glycosylase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-5-methylcytosine glycosylase activity.
1901973 proline binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with proline.
1901974 glycerate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of glycerate from one side of the membrane to the other.
1901975 glycerate transmembrane transport P The directed movement of glycerate across a membrane.
1901976 regulation of cell cycle checkpoint P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle checkpoint.
1901977 negative regulation of cell cycle checkpoint P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle checkpoint.
1901978 positive regulation of cell cycle checkpoint P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle checkpoint.
1901979 regulation of inward rectifier potassium channel activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of inward rectifier potassium channel activity.
1901980 positive regulation of inward rectifier potassium channel activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of inward rectifier potassium channel activity.
1901981 phosphatidylinositol phosphate binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidylinositol phosphate.
1901982 maltose binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with maltose.
1901983 regulation of protein acetylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein acetylation.
1901984 negative regulation of protein acetylation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein acetylation.
1901985 positive regulation of protein acetylation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein acetylation.
1901986 response to ketamine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ketamine stimulus.
1901987 regulation of cell cycle phase transition P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle phase transition.
1901988 negative regulation of cell cycle phase transition P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle phase transition.
1901989 positive regulation of cell cycle phase transition P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle phase transition.
1901990 regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cell cycle phase transition.
1901991 negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cell cycle phase transition.
1901992 positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cell cycle phase transition.
1901993 regulation of meiotic cell cycle phase transition P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic cell cycle phase transition.
1901994 negative regulation of meiotic cell cycle phase transition P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic cell cycle phase transition.
1901995 positive regulation of meiotic cell cycle phase transition P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic cell cycle phase transition.
1901996 regulation of indoleacetic acid biosynthetic process via tryptophan P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of indoleacetic acid biosynthetic process via tryptophan.
1901997 negative regulation of indoleacetic acid biosynthetic process via tryptophan P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of indoleacetic acid biosynthetic process via tryptophan.
1901998 toxin transport P The directed movement of a toxin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
1901999 homogentisate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving homogentisate.
1902000 homogentisate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of homogentisate.
1902001 fatty acid transmembrane transport P The directed movement of fatty acid across a membrane.
1902002 protein phosphorylation involved in cellular protein catabolic process P Any protein phosphorylation that is involved in cellular protein catabolic process.
1902003 regulation of beta-amyloid formation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of beta-amyloid formation.
1902004 positive regulation of beta-amyloid formation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of beta-amyloid formation.
1902005 regulation of proline biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of proline biosynthetic process.
1902006 negative regulation of proline biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of proline biosynthetic process.
1902007 regulation of toxin transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of toxin transport.
1902008 negative regulation of toxin transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of toxin transport.
1902009 positive regulation of toxin transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of toxin transport.
1902010 negative regulation of translation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of endoplasmic reticulum stress.
1902011 poly(ribitol phosphate) teichoic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly(ribitol phosphate) teichoic acid.
1902012 poly(ribitol phosphate) teichoic acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(ribitol phosphate) teichoic acid.
1902013 poly(glycerol phosphate) teichoic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly(glycerol phosphate) teichoic acid.
1902014 poly(glycerol phosphate) teichoic acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(glycerol phosphate) teichoic acid.
1902015 poly(glucopyranosyl N-acetylgalactosamine 1-phosphate) teichoic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly(glucopyranosyl N-acetylgalactosamine 1-phosphate) teichoic acid.
1902016 poly(glucopyranosyl N-acetylgalactosamine 1-phosphate) teichoic acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(glucopyranosyl N-acetylgalactosamine 1-phosphate) teichoic acid.
1902017 regulation of cilium assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cilium assembly.
1902018 negative regulation of cilium assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cilium assembly.
1902019 regulation of cilium-dependent cell motility P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cilium-dependent cell motility.
1902020 negative regulation of cilium-dependent cell motility P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cilium-dependent cell motility.
1902021 regulation of bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility.
1902022 L-lysine transport P The directed movement of a L-lysine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
1902023 L-arginine transport P The directed movement of a L-arginine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
1902024 L-histidine transport P The directed movement of a L-histidine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
1902025 nitrate import P The directed movement of nitrate into a cell or organelle.
1902026 regulation of cartilage condensation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cartilage condensation.
1902027 positive regulation of cartilage condensation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cartilage condensation.
1902028 regulation of histone H3-K18 acetylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K18 acetylation.
1902029 positive regulation of histone H3-K18 acetylation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K18 acetylation.
1902030 negative regulation of histone H3-K18 acetylation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K18 acetylation.
1902031 regulation of NADP metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of NADP metabolic process.
1902033 regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation.
1902034 negative regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation.
1902035 positive regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation.
1902036 regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation.
1902037 negative regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation.
1902038 positive regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation.
1902039 negative regulation of seed dormancy process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of seed dormancy process.
1902040 positive regulation of seed dormancy process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of seed dormancy process.
1902041 regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors.
1902042 negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors.
1902043 positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors.
1902044 regulation of Fas signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Fas signaling pathway.
1902045 negative regulation of Fas signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Fas signaling pathway.
1902046 positive regulation of Fas signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Fas signaling pathway.
1902047 polyamine transmembrane transport P The directed movement of a polyamine macromolecule across a membrane.
1902048 neosartoricin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving neosartoricin.
1902049 neosartoricin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of neosartoricin.
1902050 neosartoricin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of neosartoricin.
1902051 (25S)-Delta(4)-dafachronate binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with (25S)-Delta(4)-dafachronate.
1902052 (25S)-Delta(7)-dafachronate binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with (25S)-Delta(7)-dafachronate.
1902053 regulation of neosartoricin biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neosartoricin biosynthetic process.
1902054 negative regulation of neosartoricin biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neosartoricin biosynthetic process.
1902055 positive regulation of neosartoricin biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neosartoricin biosynthetic process.
1902056 (25S)-Delta(7)-dafachronate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving (25S)-Delta(7)-dafachronate.
1902057 (25S)-Delta(4)-dafachronate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving (25S)-Delta(4)-dafachronate.
1902058 regulation of sporocarp development involved in sexual reproduction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sporocarp development involved in sexual reproduction.
1902059 negative regulation of sporocarp development involved in sexual reproduction P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sporocarp development involved in sexual reproduction.
1902060 positive regulation of sporocarp development involved in sexual reproduction P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sporocarp development involved in sexual reproduction.
1902061 betaine aldehyde metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving betaine aldehyde.
1902062 betaine aldehyde catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of betaine aldehyde.
1902063 betaine aldehyde biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of betaine aldehyde.
1902064 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in spermatogenesis P Any regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that is involved in spermatogenesis.
1902065 response to L-glutamate P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an L-glutamate stimulus.
1902066 regulation of cell wall pectin metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell wall pectin metabolic process.
1902067 silicic acid import P The directed movement of silicic acid into a cell or organelle. Silicic acid is the bioavailable form of silicon.
1902068 regulation of sphingolipid mediated signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sphingolipid signaling.
1902069 negative regulation of sphingolipid mediated signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sphingolipid signaling.
1902070 positive regulation of sphingolipid mediated signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sphingolipid signaling.
1902071 regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway.
1902072 negative regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway.
1902073 positive regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway.
1902074 response to salt P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a salt stimulus.
1902075 cellular response to salt P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a salt stimulus.
1902076 regulation of lateral motor column neuron migration P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lateral motor column neuron migration.
1902077 negative regulation of lateral motor column neuron migration P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lateral motor column neuron migration.
1902078 positive regulation of lateral motor column neuron migration P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lateral motor column neuron migration.
1902079 D-valine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-valine.
1902080 regulation of calcium ion import into sarcoplasmic reticulum P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion import into sarcoplasmic reticulum.
1902081 negative regulation of calcium ion import into sarcoplasmic reticulum P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion import into sarcoplasmic reticulum.
1902082 positive regulation of calcium ion import into sarcoplasmic reticulum P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion import into sarcoplasmic reticulum.
1902083 negative regulation of peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation.
1902084 fumagillin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving fumagillin.
1902085 fumagillin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fumagillin.
1902086 fumagillin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fumagillin.
1902087 dimethylsulfoniopropionate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of S,S-dimethyl-beta-propiothetin.
1902088 plant-type cell wall loosening involved in abscission P Any plant-type cell wall loosening that is involved in abscission.
1902089 cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process involved in lateral root development P Any cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process that is involved in lateral root development.
1902090 regulation of fumagillin biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fumagillin biosynthetic process.
1902091 negative regulation of fumagillin biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fumagillin biosynthetic process.
1902092 positive regulation of fumagillin biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fumagillin biosynthetic process.
1902093 positive regulation of flagellated sperm motility P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of flagellated sperm motility.
1902094 regulation of cartilage homeostasis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cartilage homeostasis.
1902095 negative regulation of cartilage homeostasis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cartilage homeostasis.
1902096 positive regulation of cartilage homeostasis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cartilage homeostasis.
1902097 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacterium P Any positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that is involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacterium.
1902098 calcitriol binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with calcitriol. Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) is the hormonally active form of vitamin D3.
1902099 regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle.
1902100 negative regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle.
1902101 positive regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle.
1902102 regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle.
1902103 negative regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle.
1902104 positive regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle.
1902105 regulation of leukocyte differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte differentiation.
1902106 negative regulation of leukocyte differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte differentiation.
1902107 positive regulation of leukocyte differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte differentiation.
1902108 regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic process P Any regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability that is involved in apoptotic process.
1902109 negative regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic process P Any negative regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability that is involved in apoptotic process.
1902110 positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic process P Any positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability that is involved in apoptotic process.
1902111 response to diethyl maleate P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diethyl maleate stimulus.
1902112 cellular response to diethyl maleate P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diethyl maleate stimulus.
1902113 nucleotide phosphorylation involved in DNA repair P Any nucleotide phosphorylation that is involved in DNA repair.
1902114 D-valine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-valine.
1902115 regulation of organelle assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of organelle assembly.
1902116 negative regulation of organelle assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of organelle assembly.
1902117 positive regulation of organelle assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of organelle assembly.
1902118 calcidiol binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with calcidiol.
1902119 regulation of meiotic spindle elongation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic spindle elongation.
1902120 negative regulation of meiotic spindle elongation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic spindle elongation.
1902121 lithocholic acid binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with lithocholic acid.
1902122 chenodeoxycholic acid binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with chenodeoxycholic acid.
1902123 (-)-pinoresinol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (-)-pinoresinol.
1902124 (+)-pinoresinol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving (+)-pinoresinol.
1902125 (+)-pinoresinol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (+)-pinoresinol.
1902126 (+)-pinoresinol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (+)-pinoresinol.
1902127 (-)-lariciresinol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving (-)-lariciresinol.
1902128 (-)-lariciresinol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (-)-lariciresinol.
1902129 (-)-lariciresinol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (-)-lariciresinol.
1902130 (+)-lariciresinol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving (+)-lariciresinol.
1902131 (+)-lariciresinol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (+)-lariciresinol.
1902132 (+)-lariciresinol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (+)-lariciresinol.
1902133 (+)-secoisolariciresinol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving (+)-secoisolariciresinol.
1902134 (+)-secoisolariciresinol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (+)-secoisolariciresinol.
1902135 (+)-secoisolariciresinol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (+)-secoisolariciresinol.
1902136 (-)-secoisolariciresinol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving (-)-secoisolariciresinol.
1902137 (-)-secoisolariciresinol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (-)-secoisolariciresinol.
1902138 (-)-secoisolariciresinol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (-)-secoisolariciresinol.
1902140 response to inositol P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an inositol stimulus.
1902141 cellular response to inositol P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an inositol stimulus.
1902145 regulation of response to cell cycle checkpoint signaling P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to cell cycle checkpoint signaling.
1902146 positive regulation of response to cell cycle checkpoint signaling P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to cell cycle checkpoint signaling.
1902147 regulation of response to cytokinesis checkpoint signaling P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to cytokinesis checkpoint signaling.
1902148 positive regulation of response to cytokinesis checkpoint signaling P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to cytokinesis checkpoint signaling.
1902151 regulation of response to DNA integrity checkpoint signaling P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to DNA integrity checkpoint signaling.
1902152 positive regulation of response to DNA integrity checkpoint signaling P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to DNA integrity checkpoint signaling.
1902153 regulation of response to DNA damage checkpoint signaling P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to DNA damage checkpoint signaling.
1902154 positive regulation of response to DNA damage checkpoint signaling P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to DNA damage checkpoint signaling.
1902155 regulation of response to G1 DNA damage checkpoint signaling P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to G1 DNA damage checkpoint signaling.
1902156 positive regulation of response to G1 DNA damage checkpoint signaling P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to G1 DNA damage checkpoint signaling.
1902157 regulation of response to G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling.
1902158 positive regulation of response to G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling.
1902159 regulation of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel activity.
1902160 negative regulation of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel activity.
1902161 positive regulation of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel activity.
1902162 regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator.
1902163 negative regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator.
1902164 positive regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator.
1902165 regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator.
1902166 negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator.
1902167 positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator.
1902168 response to catechin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a catechin stimulus.
1902169 cellular response to catechin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a catechin stimulus.
1902170 cellular response to reactive nitrogen species P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a reactive nitrogen species stimulus.
1902171 regulation of tocopherol cyclase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tocopherol cyclase activity.
1902172 regulation of keratinocyte apoptotic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte apoptotic process.
1902173 negative regulation of keratinocyte apoptotic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte apoptotic process.
1902174 positive regulation of keratinocyte apoptotic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte apoptotic process.
1902175 regulation of oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
1902176 negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
1902177 positive regulation of oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
1902178 fibroblast growth factor receptor apoptotic signaling pathway P An apoptotic signaling pathway that starts with a ligand binding to, or being withdrawn from, a fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR).
1902179 verruculogen metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving verruculogen.
1902180 verruculogen catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of verruculogen.
1902181 verruculogen biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of verruculogen.
1902182 shoot apical meristem development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a shoot apical meristem over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
1902183 regulation of shoot apical meristem development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of shoot apical meristem development.
1902184 negative regulation of shoot apical meristem development P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of shoot apical meristem development.
1902185 positive regulation of shoot apical meristem development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of shoot apical meristem development.
1902186 regulation of viral release from host cell P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral release from host cell.
1902187 negative regulation of viral release from host cell P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral release from host cell.
1902188 positive regulation of viral release from host cell P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral release from host cell.
1902189 2-methylbutanoyl-CoA(4-) metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-methylbutanoyl-CoA(4-).
1902190 2-methylbutanoyl-CoA(4-) catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-methylbutanoyl-CoA(4-).
1902191 2-methylbutanoyl-CoA(4-) biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 2-methylbutanoyl-CoA(4-).
1902192 2-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA(4-) metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA(4-).
1902193 2-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA(4-) catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA(4-).
1902194 2-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA(4-) biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 2-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA(4-).
1902195 isovaleryl-CoA(4-) metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving isovaleryl-CoA(4-).
1902196 isovaleryl-CoA(4-) catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isovaleryl-CoA(4-).
1902197 isovaleryl-CoA(4-) biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isovaleryl-CoA(4-).
1902198 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA(4-) metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA(4-).
1902199 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA(4-) catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA(4-).
1902200 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA(4-) biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA(4-).
1902201 negative regulation of bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility.
1902202 regulation of hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway.
1902203 negative regulation of hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway.
1902204 positive regulation of hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway.
1902205 regulation of interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway.
1902206 negative regulation of interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway.
1902207 positive regulation of interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway.
1902208 regulation of bacterial-type flagellum assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bacterial-type flagellum assembly.
1902209 negative regulation of bacterial-type flagellum assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bacterial-type flagellum assembly.
1902210 positive regulation of bacterial-type flagellum assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bacterial-type flagellum assembly.
1902211 regulation of prolactin signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of prolactin signaling pathway.
1902212 negative regulation of prolactin signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of prolactin signaling pathway.
1902213 positive regulation of prolactin signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of prolactin signaling pathway.
1902214 regulation of interleukin-4-mediated signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-4-mediated signaling pathway.
1902215 negative regulation of interleukin-4-mediated signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-4-mediated signaling pathway.
1902216 positive regulation of interleukin-4-mediated signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-4-mediated signaling pathway.
1902217 erythrocyte apoptotic process P Any apoptotic process in an erythrocyte.
1902218 regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress.
1902219 negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress.
1902220 positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress.
1902221 erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid.
1902222 erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid.
1902223 erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid.
1902224 ketone body metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving ketone body.
1902225 negative regulation of acrosome reaction P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of acrosome reaction.
1902226 regulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway.
1902227 negative regulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway.
1902228 positive regulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway.
1902229 regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage.
1902230 negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage.
1902231 positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage.
1902232 regulation of positive thymic T cell selection P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of positive thymic T cell selection.
1902233 negative regulation of positive thymic T cell selection P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of positive thymic T cell selection.
1902234 positive regulation of positive thymic T cell selection P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of positive thymic T cell selection.
1902235 regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
1902236 negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
1902237 positive regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
1902238 regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress by p53 class mediator P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress by p53 class mediator.
1902239 negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress by p53 class mediator P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress by p53 class mediator.
1902240 positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress by p53 class mediator P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress by p53 class mediator.
1902241 copal-8-ol diphosphate(3-) metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving copal-8-ol diphosphate(3-).
1902242 copal-8-ol diphosphate(3-) catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of copal-8-ol diphosphate(3-).
1902243 copal-8-ol diphosphate(3-) biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of copal-8-ol diphosphate(3-).
1902244 cis-abienol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving cis-abienol.
1902245 cis-abienol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cis-abienol.
1902246 cis-abienol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cis-abienol.
1902247 geranylgeranyl diphosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of geranylgeranyl diphosphate.
1902248 5-O-phosphono-alpha-D-ribofuranosyl diphosphate binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with 5-O-phosphono-alpha-D-ribofuranosyl diphosphate.
1902249 IMP binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with IMP, inosine monophosphate.
1902250 regulation of erythrocyte apoptotic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte apoptotic process.
1902251 negative regulation of erythrocyte apoptotic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte apoptotic process.
1902252 positive regulation of erythrocyte apoptotic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte apoptotic process.
1902253 regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator.
1902254 negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator.
1902255 positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator.
1902256 regulation of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.
1902257 negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.
1902258 positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.
1902259 regulation of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity.
1902260 negative regulation of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity.
1902261 positive regulation of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity.
1902262 apoptotic process involved in blood vessel morphogenesis P Any apoptotic process that is involved in blood vessel morphogenesis.
1902263 apoptotic process involved in embryonic digit morphogenesis P Any apoptotic process that is involved in embryonic digit morphogenesis.
1902265 abscisic acid homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of abscisic acid within an organism or cell.
1902266 cellular abscisic acid homeostasis P Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of abscisic acid at the level of the cell.
1902267 regulation of polyamine transmembrane transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of polyamine transmembrane transport.
1902268 negative regulation of polyamine transmembrane transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of polyamine transmembrane transport.
1902269 positive regulation of polyamine transmembrane transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of polyamine transmembrane transport.
1902270 (R)-carnitine transmembrane transport P The directed movement of (R)-carnitine across a membrane.
1902271 D3 vitamins binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with D3 vitamins.
1902272 regulation of (R)-carnitine transmembrane transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of (R)-carnitine transmembrane transport.
1902273 negative regulation of (R)-carnitine transmembrane transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of (R)-carnitine transmembrane transport.
1902274 positive regulation of (R)-carnitine transmembrane transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of (R)-carnitine transmembrane transport.
1902275 regulation of chromatin organization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin organization.
1902276 regulation of pancreatic amylase secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic amylase secretion.
1902277 negative regulation of pancreatic amylase secretion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic amylase secretion.
1902278 positive regulation of pancreatic amylase secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic amylase secretion.
1902279 positive regulation of pancreatic amylase secretion by cholecystokinin signaling pathway P A cholecystokinin signaling pathway that results in positive regulation of pancreatic amylase secretion.
1902280 regulation of ATP-dependent RNA helicase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ATP-dependent RNA helicase activity.
1902281 negative regulation of ATP-dependent RNA helicase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ATP-dependent RNA helicase activity.
1902282 voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by a voltage-gated channel through the plasma membrane of a ventricular cardiomyocyte contributing to the repolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
1902283 negative regulation of primary amine oxidase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of primary amine oxidase activity.
1902284 neuron projection extension involved in neuron projection guidance P Any neuron projection extension that is involved in neuron projection guidance.
1902285 semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in neuron projection guidance P Any semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway that is involved in neuron projection guidance.
1902286 semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in dendrite guidance P Any semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway that is involved in dendrite guidance.
1902287 semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in axon guidance P Any semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway that is involved in axon guidance.
1902288 regulation of defense response to oomycetes P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to oomycetes.
1902289 negative regulation of defense response to oomycetes P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to oomycetes.
1902290 positive regulation of defense response to oomycetes P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to oomycetes.
1902291 cell cycle DNA replication DNA ligation P Any DNA ligation that is involved in cell cycle DNA replication.
1902292 cell cycle DNA replication initiation P Any DNA replication initiation that is involved in cell cycle DNA replication.
1902294 cell cycle DNA replication termination P Any DNA replication termination that is involved in cell cycle DNA replication.
1902295 synthesis of RNA primer involved in cell cycle DNA replication P Any DNA replication, synthesis of RNA primer that is involved in cell cycle DNA replication.
1902296 DNA strand elongation involved in cell cycle DNA replication P Any DNA strand elongation that is involved in cell cycle DNA replication.
1902297 cell cycle DNA replication DNA unwinding P Any DNA unwinding that is involved in cell cycle DNA replication.
1902298 cell cycle DNA replication maintenance of fidelity P Any maintenance of fidelity that is involved in cell cycle DNA replication.
1902299 pre-replicative complex assembly involved in cell cycle DNA replication P Any pre-replicative complex assembly that is involved in cell cycle DNA replication.
1902300 galactarate transport P The directed movement of a galactaric acid anion (galactarate) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
1902301 galactarate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of galactaric acid anion (galactarate) from one side of the membrane to the other.
1902302 regulation of potassium ion export P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion export.
1902303 negative regulation of potassium ion export P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion export.
1902304 positive regulation of potassium ion export P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion export.
1902305 regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transport.
1902306 negative regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transport.
1902307 positive regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transport.
1902308 regulation of peptidyl-serine dephosphorylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-serine dephosphorylation.
1902309 negative regulation of peptidyl-serine dephosphorylation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-serine dephosphorylation.
1902310 positive regulation of peptidyl-serine dephosphorylation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-serine dephosphorylation.
1902311 regulation of copper ion transmembrane transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of copper ion transmembrane transport.
1902312 negative regulation of copper ion transmembrane transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of copper ion transmembrane transport.
1902313 positive regulation of copper ion transmembrane transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of copper ion transmembrane transport.
1902314 hydroquinone binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with hydroquinone.
1902315 nuclear cell cycle DNA replication initiation P Any DNA replication initiation that is involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication.
1902317 nuclear DNA replication termination P Any DNA replication termination that is involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication.
1902318 synthesis of RNA primer involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication P Any synthesis of RNA primer that is involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication.
1902319 DNA strand elongation involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication P Any DNA strand elongation that is involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication.
1902320 nuclear DNA replication DNA duplex unwinding P Any DNA duplex unwinding that is involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication.
1902321 methyl-branched fatty acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methyl-branched fatty acid.
1902322 regulation of methyl-branched fatty acid biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of methyl-branched fatty acid biosynthetic process.
1902323 negative regulation of methyl-branched fatty acid biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of methyl-branched fatty acid biosynthetic process.
1902324 positive regulation of methyl-branched fatty acid biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of methyl-branched fatty acid biosynthetic process.
1902325 negative regulation of chlorophyll biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chlorophyll biosynthetic process.
1902326 positive regulation of chlorophyll biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chlorophyll biosynthetic process.
1902327 bacterial-type DNA replication DNA ligation P Any DNA ligation that is involved in bacterial-type DNA replication.
1902328 bacterial-type DNA replication initiation P Any DNA replication initiation that is involved in bacterial-type DNA replication.
1902329 bacterial-type DNA replication termination P Any DNA replication termination that is involved in bacterial-type DNA replication.
1902330 synthesis of RNA primer involved in bacterial-type DNA replication P Any synthesis of RNA primer that is involved in bacterial-type DNA replication.
1902331 DNA strand elongation involved in bacterial-type DNA replication P Any DNA strand elongation that is involved in bacterial-type DNA replication.
1902332 bacterial-type DNA replication DNA duplex unwinding P Any DNA duplex unwinding that is involved in bacterial-type DNA replication.
1902333 nuclear DNA replication DNA ligation P Any DNA ligation that is involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication.
1902334 fructose export from vacuole to cytoplasm P The directed movement of fructose from vacuole to cytoplasm.
1902336 positive regulation of retinal ganglion cell axon guidance P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retinal ganglion cell axon guidance.
1902337 regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis.
1902338 negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis.
1902339 positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis.
1902340 negative regulation of chromosome condensation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome condensation.
1902341 xylitol transport P The directed movement of a xylitol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Xylitol is a polyalcohol (pentane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol), produced by hydrogenation of xylose.
1902342 xylitol export P The directed movement of xylitol out of a cell or organelle.
1902343 regulation of maltose transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maltose transport.
1902344 negative regulation of maltose transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maltose transport.
1902345 positive regulation of maltose transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maltose transport.
1902346 meiotic strand displacement involved in double-strand break repair via SDSA P Any meiotic strand displacement that is involved in double-strand break repair via synthesis-dependent strand annealing (SDSA).
1902347 response to strigolactone P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a strigolactone stimulus.
1902348 cellular response to strigolactone P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a strigolactone stimulus.
1902349 response to chloroquine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chloroquine stimulus.
1902350 cellular response to chloroquine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chloroquine stimulus.
1902351 response to imidacloprid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an imidacloprid stimulus.
1902352 negative regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to starvation by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P A negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in negative regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to starvation.
1902353 positive regulation of induction of conjugation with cellular fusion by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by pheromones P A negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by pheromones that results in positive regulation of induction of conjugation with cellular fusion.
1902354 blood vessel endothelial cell delamination involved in blood vessel lumen ensheathment P Any blood vessel endothelial cell delamination that is involved in blood vessel lumen ensheathment.
1902355 endothelial tube lumen extension involved in blood vessel lumen ensheathment P Any endothelial tube lumen extension that is involved in blood vessel lumen ensheathment.
1902356 oxaloacetate(2-) transmembrane transport P The directed movement of oxaloacetate(2-) across a membrane.
1902357 2-isopropylmalate(2-) transmembrane transport P The directed movement of 2-isopropylmalate(2-) across a membrane.
1902358 sulfate transmembrane transport P The directed movement of sulfate across a membrane.
1902359 Notch signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis P Any Notch signaling pathway that is involved in somitogenesis.
1902360 conversion of ds siRNA to ss siRNA involved in chromatin silencing by small RNA P Any conversion of ds siRNA to ss siRNA that is involved in chromatin silencing by small RNA.
1902361 mitochondrial pyruvate transmembrane transport P The directed movement of pyruvate across a mitochondrial membrane.
1902362 melanocyte apoptotic process P Any apoptotic process in a melanocyte, the main structural component of the epidermis.
1902363 regulation of protein localization to spindle pole body P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to spindle pole body.
1902364 negative regulation of protein localization to spindle pole body P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to spindle pole body.
1902365 positive regulation of protein localization to spindle pole body P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to spindle pole body.
1902366 regulation of Notch signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Notch signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis.
1902367 negative regulation of Notch signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Notch signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis.
1902368 heterochromatin maintenance involved in chromatin silencing at centromere outer repeat region P Any heterochromatin maintenance that is involved in chromatin silencing at centromere outer repeat region.
1902369 negative regulation of RNA catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA catabolic process.
1902370 regulation of tRNA catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tRNA catabolic process.
1902371 negative regulation of tRNA catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tRNA catabolic process.
1902372 positive regulation of tRNA catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tRNA catabolic process.
1902373 negative regulation of mRNA catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA catabolic process.
1902374 regulation of rRNA catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of rRNA catabolic process.
1902375 nuclear tRNA 3'-trailer cleavage, endonucleolytic P Any tRNA 3'-trailer cleavage, endonucleolytic that takes place in nucleus.
1902376 protein denaturation involved in proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process P Any protein denaturation that is involved in proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process.
1902377 nuclear rDNA heterochromatin C Any rDNA heterochromatin that is part of a nucleus.
1902378 VEGF-activated neuropilin signaling pathway involved in axon guidance P Any VEGF-activated neuropilin signaling pathway that is involved in axon guidance.
1902379 chemoattractant activity involved in axon guidance F Any chemoattractant activity that is involved in axon guidance.
1902380 positive regulation of endoribonuclease activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endoribonuclease activity.
1902381 11-oxo-beta-amyrin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 11-oxo-beta-amyrin.
1902382 11-oxo-beta-amyrin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 11-oxo-beta-amyrin.
1902383 11-oxo-beta-amyrin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 11-oxo-beta-amyrin.
1902384 glycyrrhetinate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycyrrhetinate.
1902385 glycyrrhetinate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycyrrhetinate.
1902386 glycyrrhetinate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycyrrhetinate.
1902387 ceramide 1-phosphate binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ceramide 1-phosphate.
1902388 ceramide 1-phosphate transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of ceramide 1-phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
1902389 ceramide 1-phosphate transport P The directed movement of a ceramide 1-phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
1902390 regulation of N-terminal peptidyl-serine acetylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of N-terminal peptidyl-serine acetylation.
1902391 positive regulation of N-terminal peptidyl-serine acetylation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of N-terminal peptidyl-serine acetylation.
1902392 regulation of exodeoxyribonuclease activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exodeoxyribonuclease activity.
1902393 negative regulation of exodeoxyribonuclease activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of exodeoxyribonuclease activity.
1902394 positive regulation of exodeoxyribonuclease activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of exodeoxyribonuclease activity.
1902395 regulation of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase activity.
1902396 protein localization to bicellular tight junction P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a tight junction.
1902397 detection of stimulus involved in meiotic spindle checkpoint P Any detection of stimulus that is involved in meiotic spindle checkpoint.
1902398 intracellular signal transduction involved in meiotic spindle checkpoint P Any intracellular signal transduction that is involved in meiotic spindle checkpoint.
1902399 detection of stimulus involved in G1 DNA damage checkpoint P Any detection of stimulus that is involved in G1 DNA damage checkpoint.
1902400 intracellular signal transduction involved in G1 DNA damage checkpoint P Any intracellular signal transduction that is involved in G1 DNA damage checkpoint.
1902401 detection of stimulus involved in mitotic DNA damage checkpoint P Any detection of stimulus that is involved in mitotic DNA damage checkpoint.
1902402 signal transduction involved in mitotic DNA damage checkpoint P Any intracellular signal transduction that is involved in mitotic DNA damage checkpoint.
1902403 signal transduction involved in mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint P Any intracellular signal transduction that is involved in mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint.
1902404 mitotic actomyosin contractile ring contraction P Any actomyosin contractile ring contraction that is involved in mitotic cell cycle.
1902405 mitotic actomyosin contractile ring localization P Any actomyosin contractile ring localization that is involved in mitotic cell cycle.
1902406 mitotic actomyosin contractile ring maintenance P Any actomyosin contractile ring maintenance that is involved in mitotic cell cycle.
1902407 assembly of actomyosin apparatus involved in mitotic cytokinesis P Any assembly of mitotic cytokinetic actomyosin apparatus.
1902408 mitotic cytokinesis, site selection P Any cytokinesis, site selection that is involved in mitotic cell cycle.
1902410 mitotic cytokinetic process P Any cytokinetic process that is involved in mitotic cell cycle.
1902412 regulation of mitotic cytokinesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cytokinesis.
1902413 negative regulation of mitotic cytokinesis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cytokinesis.
1902414 protein localization to cell junction P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cell junction.
1902415 regulation of mRNA binding P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA binding.
1902416 positive regulation of mRNA binding P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA binding.
1902417 (+)-abscisic acid D-glucopyranosyl ester transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of (+)-abscisic acid D-glucopyranosyl ester from one side of the membrane to the other.
1902418 (+)-abscisic acid D-glucopyranosyl ester transmembrane transport P The directed movement of (+)-abscisic acid D-glucopyranosyl ester across a membrane.
1902419 detection of stimulus involved in Dma1-dependent checkpoint P Any detection of stimulus that is involved in Dma1-dependent checkpoint.
1902420 signal transduction involved in Dma1-dependent checkpoint P Any signal transduction that is involved in Dma1-dependent checkpoint.
1902421 hydrogen metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving H2 (dihydrogen).
1902422 hydrogen biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of H2 (dihydrogen).
1902423 regulation of attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in mitotic sister chromatid segregation.
1902424 negative regulation of attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in mitotic sister chromatid segregation.
1902425 positive regulation of attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in mitotic sister chromatid segregation.
1902426 deactivation of mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint P A positive regulation of the mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition that results from deactivation of the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint.
1902427 regulation of water channel activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of water channel activity.
1902428 negative regulation of water channel activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of water channel activity.
1902429 positive regulation of water channel activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of water channel activity.
1902430 negative regulation of beta-amyloid formation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of beta-amyloid formation.
1902431 uracil import into cell P The directed movement of uracil from outside of a cell into the cytoplasmic compartment. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis.
1902432 protein localization to barrier septum P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a barrier septum.
1902433 positive regulation of water channel activity involved in maintenance of lens transparency P Any positive regulation of water channel activity that is involved in maintenance of lens transparency.
1902434 sulfate import into cell P The directed movement of sulfate from outside of a cell into the intracellular region of a cell.
1902435 regulation of male mating behavior P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of male mating behavior.
1902436 negative regulation of male mating behavior P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of male mating behavior.
1902437 positive regulation of male mating behavior P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of male mating behavior.
1902438 response to vanadate(3-) P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vanadate(3-) stimulus.
1902439 cellular response to vanadate(3-) P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vanadate(3-) stimulus.
1902440 protein localization to mitotic spindle pole body P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a mitotic spindle pole body.
1902441 protein localization to meiotic spindle pole body P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a meiotic spindle pole body.
1902442 regulation of ripoptosome assembly involved in necroptotic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ripoptosome assembly involved in a necroptotic process.
1902443 negative regulation of ripoptosome assembly involved in necroptotic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ripoptosome assembly involved in a necroptotic process.
1902444 riboflavin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with riboflavin.
1902445 regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in programmed necrotic cell death P Any regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability that is involved in programmed necrotic cell death.
1902446 regulation of shade avoidance P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of shade avoidance.
1902447 negative regulation of shade avoidance P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of shade avoidance.
1902448 positive regulation of shade avoidance P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of shade avoidance.
1902449 regulation of ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity.
1902450 negative regulation of ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity.
1902451 positive regulation of ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity.
1902455 negative regulation of stem cell population maintenance P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell population maintenance.
1902456 regulation of stomatal opening P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stomatal opening.
1902457 negative regulation of stomatal opening P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of stomatal opening.
1902458 positive regulation of stomatal opening P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of stomatal opening.
1902459 positive regulation of stem cell population maintenance P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell population maintenance.
1902460 regulation of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation.
1902461 negative regulation of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation.
1902462 positive regulation of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation.
1902463 protein localization to cell leading edge P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cell leading edge.
1902464 regulation of histone H3-K27 trimethylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K27 trimethylation.
1902465 negative regulation of histone H3-K27 trimethylation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K27 trimethylation.
1902466 positive regulation of histone H3-K27 trimethylation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K27 trimethylation.
1902471 regulation of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring localization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring localization.
1902472 regulation of mitotic cytokinesis, site selection P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cytokinesis, site selection.
1902473 regulation of protein localization to synapse P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to synapse.
1902474 positive regulation of protein localization to synapse P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to synapse.
1902475 L-alpha-amino acid transmembrane transport P The directed movement of L-alpha-amino acid across a membrane.
1902476 chloride transmembrane transport P The directed movement of chloride across a membrane.
1902477 regulation of defense response to bacterium, incompatible interaction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to bacterium, incompatible interaction.
1902478 negative regulation of defense response to bacterium, incompatible interaction P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to bacterium, incompatible interaction.
1902479 positive regulation of defense response to bacterium, incompatible interaction P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to bacterium, incompatible interaction.
1902480 protein localization to mitotic spindle P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a mitotic spindle.
1902481 gamma-tubulin complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a gamma-tubulin complex.
1902482 regulatory T cell apoptotic process P Any apoptotic process in a regulatory T cell.
1902483 cytotoxic T cell apoptotic process P Any apoptotic process in a cytotoxic T cell.
1902484 Sertoli cell apoptotic process P Any apoptotic process in a Sertoli cell.
1902485 L-cysteine binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with L-cysteine.
1902486 protein localization to growing cell tip P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a growing cell tip.
1902487 protein localization to non-growing cell tip P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a non-growing cell tip.
1902488 cholangiocyte apoptotic process P Any apoptotic process in a cholangiocyte.
1902489 hepatoblast apoptotic process P Any apoptotic process in a hepatoblast.
1902490 regulation of sperm capacitation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sperm capacitation.
1902491 negative regulation of sperm capacitation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sperm capacitation.
1902492 positive regulation of sperm capacitation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sperm capacitation.
1902493 acetyltransferase complex C A protein complex which is capable of acetyltransferase activity.
1902494 catalytic complex C A protein complex which is capable of catalytic activity.
1902495 transmembrane transporter complex C A transmembrane protein complex which enables the transfer of a substance from one side of a membrane to the other.
1902496 protein binding involved in negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase F Any protein binding that is involved in negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase.
1902497 iron-sulfur cluster transport P The directed movement of an iron-sulfur cluster into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
1902498 regulation of protein autoubiquitination P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein autoubiquitination.
1902499 positive regulation of protein autoubiquitination P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein autoubiquitination.
1902500 vacuolar HOPS complex C Any HOPS complex that is part of a vacuolar membrane.
1902501 lysosomal HOPS complex C Any HOPS complex that is part of a lysosomal membrane.
1902502 multivesicular body HOPS complex C Any HOPS complex that is part of a multivesicular body membrane.
1902503 adenylyltransferase complex C A protein complex which is capable of adenylyltransferase activity.
1902504 regulation of signal transduction involved in mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction involved in mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint.
1902505 negative regulation of signal transduction involved in mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction involved in mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint.
1902506 positive regulation of signal transduction involved in mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction involved in mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint.
1902507 thiazole synthase complex C A protein complex which is capable of thiazole synthase activity.
1902508 2-iminoacetate synthase complex C A protein complex which is capable of 2-iminoacetate synthase activity.
1902509 methionine-importing complex C A protein complex which is capable of methionine-importing activity.
1902510 regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic DNA fragmentation.
1902511 negative regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic DNA fragmentation.
1902512 positive regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic DNA fragmentation.
1902513 regulation of organelle transport along microtubule P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of organelle transport along microtubule.
1902514 regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channel P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of generation of calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channel.
1902515 thioredoxin-disulfide reductase complex C A protein complex which is capable of thioredoxin-disulfide reductase activity.
1902516 sn-glycerol 3-phosphate binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with sn-glycerol 3-phosphate.
1902517 glycerol-3-phosphate-transporting ATPase complex C A protein complex which is capable of glycerol-3-phosphate-transporting ATPase activity.
1902518 response to cyclophosphamide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cyclophosphamide stimulus.
1902519 response to docetaxel trihydrate P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a docetaxel trihydrate stimulus.
1902520 response to doxorubicin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a doxorubicin stimulus.
1902521 response to etoposide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an etoposide stimulus.
1902522 response to 4'-epidoxorubicin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 4'-epidoxorubicin stimulus.
1902523 positive regulation of protein K63-linked ubiquitination P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein K63-linked ubiquitination.
1902524 positive regulation of protein K48-linked ubiquitination P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein K48-linked ubiquitination.
1902525 regulation of protein monoubiquitination P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein monoubiquitination.
1902526 negative regulation of protein monoubiquitination P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein monoubiquitination.
1902527 positive regulation of protein monoubiquitination P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein monoubiquitination.
1902528 regulation of protein linear polyubiquitination P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein linear polyubiquitination.
1902529 negative regulation of protein linear polyubiquitination P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein linear polyubiquitination.
1902530 positive regulation of protein linear polyubiquitination P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein linear polyubiquitination.
1902531 regulation of intracellular signal transduction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular signal transduction.
1902532 negative regulation of intracellular signal transduction P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular signal transduction.
1902533 positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular signal transduction.
1902534 single-organism membrane invagination P A membrane invagination which involves only one organism.
1902535 multi-organism membrane invagination P A membrane invagination which involves another organism.
1902536 single-organism pinocytosis P A pinocytosis which involves only one organism.
1902537 multi-organism pinocytosis P A pinocytosis which involves another organism.
1902538 single-organism macropinocytosis P A macropinocytosis which involves only one organism.
1902539 multi-organism macropinocytosis P A macropinocytosis which involves another organism.
1902540 single-organism micropinocytosis P A micropinocytosis which involves only one organism.
1902541 multi-organism micropinocytosis P A micropinocytosis which involves another organism.
1902542 regulation of protein localization to mitotic spindle pole body P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to mitotic spindle pole body.
1902543 negative regulation of protein localization to mitotic spindle pole body P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to mitotic spindle pole body.
1902544 regulation of DNA N-glycosylase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA N-glycosylase activity.
1902545 negative regulation of DNA N-glycosylase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA N-glycosylase activity.
1902546 positive regulation of DNA N-glycosylase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA N-glycosylase activity.
1902547 regulation of cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus.
1902548 negative regulation of cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus.
1902549 protein localization to Mei2 nuclear dot P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a Mei2 nuclear dot.
1902550 lymphoid lineage cell migration into thymus involved in thymus epithelium morphogenesis P Any lymphoid lineage cell migration into thymus that is involved in thymus epithelium morphogenesis.
1902551 regulation of catalase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of catalase activity.
1902552 negative regulation of catalase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of catalase activity.
1902553 positive regulation of catalase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of catalase activity.
1902554 serine/threonine protein kinase complex C A protein complex which is capable of protein serine/threonine kinase activity.
1902555 endoribonuclease complex C A protein complex which is capable of endoribonuclease activity.
1902556 phosphatidylinositol transporter complex C A protein complex which is capable of phosphatidylinositol transporter activity.
1902557 5'-adenylyl sulfate transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of 5'-adenylyl sulfate from one side of the membrane to the other.
1902558 5'-adenylyl sulfate transmembrane transport P The directed movement of 5'-adenylyl sulfate across a membrane.
1902559 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate transmembrane transport P The directed movement of 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate across a membrane.
1902560 GMP reductase complex C An oxidoreductase complex which is capable of GMP reductase activity. It catalyses the irreversible reaction: GMP + 2 H(+) + NADPH => IMP + NADP(+) + NH(4)(+).
1902561 origin recognition complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an origin recognition complex.
1902562 H4 histone acetyltransferase complex C A protein complex which is capable of H4 histone acetyltransferase activity.
1902563 regulation of neutrophil activation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil activation.
1902564 negative regulation of neutrophil activation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil activation.
1902565 positive regulation of neutrophil activation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil activation.
1902566 regulation of eosinophil activation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil activation.
1902567 negative regulation of eosinophil activation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil activation.
1902568 positive regulation of eosinophil activation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil activation.
1902569 negative regulation of activation of JAK2 kinase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activation of JAK2 kinase activity.
1902570 protein localization to nucleolus P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a nucleolus.
1902571 regulation of serine-type peptidase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of serine-type peptidase activity.
1902572 negative regulation of serine-type peptidase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of serine-type peptidase activity.
1902573 positive regulation of serine-type peptidase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of serine-type peptidase activity.
1902574 negative regulation of leucine import by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P A regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in negative regulation of leucine import.
1902575 protein localization to cell division site involved in cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly P Any protein localization to cell division site that is involved in cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly.
1902576 negative regulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication.
1902577 protein localization to medial cortical node P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a medial cortical node.
1902578 single-organism localization P A localization which involves only one organism.
1902579 multi-organism localization P A localization which involves another organism.
1902580 single-organism cellular localization P A cellular localization which involves only one organism.
1902581 multi-organism cellular localization P A cellular localization which involves another organism.
1902582 single-organism intracellular transport P An intracellular transport which involves only one organism.
1902583 multi-organism intracellular transport P An intracellular transport which involves another organism.
1902584 positive regulation of response to water deprivation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to water deprivation.
1902585 single-organism intercellular transport P An intercellular transport which involves only one organism.
1902586 multi-organism intercellular transport P An intercellular transport which involves another organism.
1902587 single-organism plasmodesmata-mediated intercellular transport P A plasmodesmata-mediated intercellular transport which involves only one organism.
1902588 multi-organism plasmodesmata-mediated intercellular transport P A plasmodesmata-mediated intercellular transport which involves another organism.
1902589 single-organism organelle organization P An organelle organization which involves only one organism.
1902590 multi-organism organelle organization P An organelle organization which involves another organism.
1902591 single-organism membrane budding P A membrane budding which involves only one organism.
1902592 multi-organism membrane budding P A membrane budding which involves another organism.
1902593 single-organism nuclear import P A nuclear import which involves only one organism.
1902594 multi-organism nuclear import P A nuclear import which involves another organism.
1902595 regulation of DNA replication origin binding P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication origin binding.
1902596 negative regulation of DNA replication origin binding P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication origin binding.
1902597 positive regulation of DNA replication origin binding P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication origin binding.
1902598 creatine transmembrane transport P The directed movement of creatine across a membrane.
1902599 sulfathiazole transmembrane transport P The directed movement of sulfathiazole across a membrane.
1902600 hydrogen ion transmembrane transport P The directed movement of hydrogen ion (proton) across a membrane.
1902601 silver ion transmembrane transport P The directed movement of silver ion across a membrane.
1902602 aluminum ion transmembrane transport P The directed movement of aluminium ion across a membrane.
1902603 carnitine transmembrane transport P The directed movement of carnitine across a membrane.
1902604 p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate transmembrane transport P The directed movement of N-(4-aminobenzoyl)-L-glutamate across a membrane.
1902605 heterotrimeric G-protein complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
1902606 regulation of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity.
1902607 negative regulation of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity.
1902608 positive regulation of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity.
1902609 (R)-2-hydroxy-alpha-linolenic acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (R)-2-hydroxy-alpha-linolenic acid.
1902610 response to N-phenylthiourea P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a N-phenylthiourea stimulus.
1902611 cellular response to N-phenylthiourea P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a N-phenylthiourea stimulus.
1902612 regulation of anti-Mullerian hormone signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anti-Mullerian hormone signaling pathway.
1902613 negative regulation of anti-Mullerian hormone signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anti-Mullerian hormone signaling pathway.
1902614 positive regulation of anti-Mullerian hormone signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anti-Mullerian hormone signaling pathway.
1902615 immune response involved in response to exogenous dsRNA P Any immune response that is involved in response to exogenous dsRNA.
1902616 acyl carnitine transmembrane transport P The directed movement of acyl carnitine across a membrane.
1902617 response to fluoride P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fluoride stimulus.
1902618 cellular response to fluoride P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fluoride stimulus.
1902619 regulation of microtubule minus-end binding P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule minus-end binding.
1902620 positive regulation of microtubule minus-end binding P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule minus-end binding.
1902621 actomyosin contractile ring disassembly P The disaggregation of an actomyosin contractile ring into its constituent components.
1902622 regulation of neutrophil migration P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil migration.
1902623 negative regulation of neutrophil migration P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil migration.
1902624 positive regulation of neutrophil migration P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil migration.
1902625 negative regulation of induction of conjugation with cellular fusion by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P A negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in negative regulation of induction of conjugation with cellular fusion.
1902626 assembly of large subunit precursor of preribosome P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the large subunit precursor of the preribosome.
1902627 regulation of assembly of large subunit precursor of preribosome P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of assembly of a large subunit precursor of preribosome.
1902628 positive regulation of assembly of large subunit precursor of preribosome P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of assembly of a large subunit precursor of preribosome.
1902629 regulation of mRNA stability involved in cellular response to UV P Any regulation of mRNA stability that is involved in cellular response to UV.
1902630 regulation of membrane hyperpolarization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of membrane hyperpolarization.
1902631 negative regulation of membrane hyperpolarization P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of membrane hyperpolarization.
1902632 positive regulation of membrane hyperpolarization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane hyperpolarization.
1902633 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate.
1902634 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate.
1902635 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate.
1902636 kinociliary basal body C A ciliary basal body that is part of a kinocilium.
1902637 neural crest cell differentiation involved in thymus development P Any neural crest cell differentiation that is involved in thymus development.
1902638 neural crest cell differentiation involved in parathyroid gland development P Any neural crest cell differentiation that is involved in parathyroid gland development.
1902639 propan-2-ol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving propan-2-ol.
1902640 propan-2-ol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of propan-2-ol.
1902641 regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate catabolic process.
1902642 negative regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate catabolic process.
1902643 positive regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate catabolic process.
1902644 tertiary alcohol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving tertiary alcohol.
1902645 tertiary alcohol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tertiary alcohol.
1902646 regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate biosynthetic process.
1902647 negative regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate biosynthetic process.
1902648 positive regulation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate biosynthetic process.
1902649 regulation of histone H2A-H2B dimer displacement P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histone H2A-H2B dimer displacement.
1902650 negative regulation of histone H2A-H2B dimer displacement P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histone H2A-H2B dimer displacement.
1902651 positive regulation of histone H2A-H2B dimer displacement P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histone H2A-H2B dimer displacement.
1902652 secondary alcohol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving secondary alcohol.
1902653 secondary alcohol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of secondary alcohol.
1902654 aromatic primary alcohol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving aromatic primary alcohol.
1902655 aromatic primary alcohol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aromatic primary alcohol.
1902656 calcium ion import into cytosol P The directed movement of calcium ion into a cytosol.
1902657 protein localization to prospore membrane P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a prospore membrane.
1902658 establishment of protein localization to prospore membrane P The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in a prospore membrane.
1902659 regulation of glucose mediated signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucose mediated signaling pathway.
1902660 negative regulation of glucose mediated signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucose mediated signaling pathway.
1902661 positive regulation of glucose mediated signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucose mediated signaling pathway.
1902662 regulation of peptidyl-L-cysteine S-palmitoylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-L-cysteine S-palmitoylation.
1902663 negative regulation of peptidyl-L-cysteine S-palmitoylation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-L-cysteine S-palmitoylation.
1902664 positive regulation of peptidyl-L-cysteine S-palmitoylation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-L-cysteine S-palmitoylation.
1902665 response to isobutanol P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an isobutanol stimulus.
1902666 protein localization to Mmi1 nuclear focus complex P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a Mmi1 nuclear focus complex.
1902667 regulation of axon guidance P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axon guidance.
1902668 negative regulation of axon guidance P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon guidance.
1902669 positive regulation of axon guidance P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axon guidance.
1902670 carbon dioxide binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with carbon dioxide.
1902671 left anterior basal body C Any ciliary basal body that is part of a left anterior flagellum found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage).
1902672 right anterior basal body C Any ciliary basal body that is part of a right anterior flagellum found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage).
1902673 left posteriolateral basal body C Any ciliary basal body that is part of a left posteriolateral flagellum found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage).
1902674 right posteriolateral basal body C Any ciliary basal body that is part of a right posteriolateral flagellum found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage).
1902675 left ventral basal body C Any ciliary basal body that is part of a left ventral flagellum found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage).
1902676 right ventral basal body C Any ciliary basal body that is part of a right ventral flagellum found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage).
1902677 left caudal basal body C Any ciliary basal body that is part of a left caudal flagellum found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage).
1902678 right caudal basal body C Any ciliary basal body that is part of a right caudal flagellum found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage).
1902679 negative regulation of RNA biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA biosynthetic process.
1902680 positive regulation of RNA biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA biosynthetic process.
1902681 regulation of replication fork arrest at rDNA repeats P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of replication fork arrest at rDNA repeats.
1902682 protein localization to nuclear pericentric heterochromatin P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a nuclear pericentric heterochromatin.
1902683 regulation of receptor localization to synapse P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor localization to synapse.
1902684 negative regulation of receptor localization to synapse P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor localization to synapse.
1902685 positive regulation of receptor localization to synapse P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor localization to synapse.
1902686 mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in programmed cell death P The process by which the mitochondrial outer membrane becomes permeable to the passing of proteins and other molecules from the intermembrane space to the cytosol as part of a programmed cell death process.
1902687 glucosidase complex C A protein complex which is capable of glucosidase activity.
1902688 regulation of NAD metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of NAD metabolic process.
1902689 negative regulation of NAD metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of NAD metabolic process.
1902690 positive regulation of NAD metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of NAD metabolic process.
1902691 respiratory basal cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a respiratory basal cell.
1902692 regulation of neuroblast proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuroblast proliferation.
1902693 superoxide dismutase complex C A protein complex which is capable of superoxide dismutase activity.
1902694 superoxide dismutase copper chaperone complex C A protein complex which is capable of superoxide dismutase copper chaperone activity.
1902695 metallochaperone complex C A protein complex which is capable of metallochaperone activity.
1902696 glycine catabolic process to isobutanol P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycine to isobutanol.
1902697 valine catabolic process to isobutanol P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of valine to isobutanol.
1902698 pentose catabolic process to butyrate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pentose to butyrate.
1902699 pentose catabolic process to acetate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pentose to acetate.
1902700 pentose catabolic process to butan-1-ol P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pentose to butan-1-ol.
1902701 pentose catabolic process to propan-2-ol P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pentose to propan-2-ol.
1902702 hexose catabolic process to propan-2-ol P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hexose to propan-2-ol.
1902703 hexose catabolic process to butan-1-ol P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hexose to butan-1-ol.
1902704 hexose catabolic process to acetone P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hexose to acetone.
1902705 hexose catabolic process to butyrate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hexose to butyrate.
1902706 hexose catabolic process to acetate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hexose to acetate.
1902707 hexose catabolic process to ethanol P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hexose to ethanol.
1902708 response to plumbagin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a plumbagin stimulus.
1902709 cellular response to plumbagin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a plumbagin stimulus.
1902710 GABA receptor complex C A protein complex which is capable of GABA receptor activity. Upon binding of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) it transmits the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. Major inhibitory receptor in vertebrate brain. Also found in other vertebrate tissues, invertebrates and possibly in plants. Effective benzodiazepine receptor.
1902711 GABA-A receptor complex C A protein complex which is capable of GABA-A receptor activity. In human, it is usually composed of either two alpha, two beta and one gamma chain of the GABA-A receptor subunits or 5 chains of the GABA-A receptor subunits rho1-3 (formally known as GABA-C receptor).
1902712 G-protein coupled GABA receptor complex C A protein complex which is capable of G-protein coupled GABA receptor activity. In human, it is usually a heterodimer composed of GABA-B receptor subunits 1 and 2.
1902713 regulation of interferon-gamma secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interferon-gamma secretion.
1902714 negative regulation of interferon-gamma secretion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interferon-gamma secretion.
1902715 positive regulation of interferon-gamma secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interferon-gamma secretion.
1902716 cell cortex of growing cell tip C Any cell cortex that is part of a growing cell tip.
1902721 negative regulation of prolactin secretion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of prolactin secretion.
1902722 positive regulation of prolactin secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of prolactin secretion.
1902723 negative regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of satellite cell proliferation.
1902724 positive regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation.
1902725 negative regulation of satellite cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of satellite cell differentiation.
1902726 positive regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of satellite cell differentiation.
1902727 negative regulation of growth factor dependent skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of satellite cell proliferation; dependent on specific growth factor activity such as fibroblast growth factors and transforming growth factor beta.
1902728 positive regulation of growth factor dependent skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of satellite cell proliferation; dependent on specific growth factor activity such as fibroblast growth factors and transforming growth factor beta.
1902729 negative regulation of proteoglycan biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteoglycans, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.
1902730 positive regulation of proteoglycan biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteoglycans, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.
1902731 negative regulation of chondrocyte proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.
1902732 positive regulation of chondrocyte proliferation P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.
1902733 regulation of growth plate cartilage chondrocyte differentiation P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte that will contribute to the growth of a bone. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage
1902734 regulation of receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell.
1902735 negative regulation of receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell.
1902736 positive regulation of receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell.
1902737 dendritic filopodium C A small, membranous protrusion found primarily on dendritic stretches of developing neurons. May receive synaptic input, and can develop into dendritic spines.
1902738 regulation of chondrocyte differentiation involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte that will contribute to the development of a bone. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.
1902739 regulation of interferon-alpha secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interferon-alpha secretion.
1902740 negative regulation of interferon-alpha secretion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interferon-alpha secretion.
1902741 positive regulation of interferon-alpha secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interferon-alpha secretion.
1902742 apoptotic process involved in development P Any apoptotic process that is involved in anatomical structure development.
1902743 regulation of lamellipodium organization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lamellipodium organization.
1902744 negative regulation of lamellipodium organization P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lamellipodium organization.
1902745 positive regulation of lamellipodium organization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lamellipodium organization.
1902746 regulation of lens fiber cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lens fiber cell differentiation.
1902747 negative regulation of lens fiber cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lens fiber cell differentiation.
1902748 positive regulation of lens fiber cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lens fiber cell differentiation.
1902749 regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle G2/M phase transition.
1902750 negative regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle G2/M phase transition.
1902751 positive regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle G2/M phase transition.
1902752 regulation of renal amino acid absorption P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of renal amino acid absorption.
1902753 negative regulation of renal amino acid absorption P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of renal amino acid absorption.
1902754 positive regulation of renal amino acid absorption P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of renal amino acid absorption.
1902755 sulfurated eukaryotic molybdenum cofactor(2-) metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfurated eukaryotic molybdenum cofactor(2-).
1902756 sulfurated eukaryotic molybdenum cofactor(2-) biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sulfurated eukaryotic molybdenum cofactor(2-).
1902757 bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide)molybdenum metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide)molybdenum.
1902758 bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide)molybdenum biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide)molybdenum.
1902759 Mo(VI)-molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving Mo(VI)-molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide.
1902760 Mo(VI)-molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of Mo(VI)-molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide.
1902761 positive regulation of chondrocyte development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte development.
1902762 regulation of embryonic skeletal joint development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic skeletal joint development.
1902763 negative regulation of embryonic skeletal joint development P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic skeletal joint development.
1902764 positive regulation of embryonic skeletal joint development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic skeletal joint development.
1902765 L-arginine import into cell P The directed movement of L-arginine from outside of a cell into the cytoplasmic compartment. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis.
1902766 skeletal muscle satellite cell migration P The orderly movement of a skeletal muscle satellite cell from one site to another. Migration of these cells is a key step in the process of growth and repair of skeletal muscle cells.
1902767 isoprenoid biosynthetic process via mevalonate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoprenoid via mevalonate.
1902768 isoprenoid biosynthetic process via 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoprenoid via 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate.
1902769 regulation of choline O-acetyltransferase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of choline O-acetyltransferase activity.
1902770 negative regulation of choline O-acetyltransferase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of choline O-acetyltransferase activity.
1902771 positive regulation of choline O-acetyltransferase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of choline O-acetyltransferase activity.
1902772 positive regulation of phosphorelay signal transduction system involved in hydrogen peroxide mediated signaling pathway P Any positive regulation of phosphorelay signal transduction system that is involved in hydrogen peroxide mediated signaling pathway.
1902773 GTPase activator complex C A protein complex which is capable of GTPase activator activity.
1902774 late endosome to lysosome transport P The directed movement of substances from late endosome to lysosome.
1902775 mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit.
1902776 6-sulfoquinovose(1-) metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 6-sulfoquinovose(1-).
1902777 6-sulfoquinovose(1-) catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 6-sulfoquinovose(1-).
1902778 response to alkane P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkane stimulus.
1902779 cellular response to alkane P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkane stimulus.
1902780 response to nonane P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nonane stimulus.
1902781 cellular response to nonane P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nonane stimulus.
1902782 response to decane P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a decane stimulus.
1902783 cellular response to decane P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a decane stimulus.
1902784 response to undecane P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an undecane stimulus.
1902785 cellular response to undecane P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an undecane stimulus.
1902786 response to dodecane P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dodecane stimulus.
1902787 cellular response to dodecane P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dodecane stimulus.
1902788 response to isooctane P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an isooctane stimulus.
1902789 cellular response to isooctane P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an isooctane stimulus.
1902790 undecan-2-one metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving undecan-2-one.
1902791 undecan-2-one biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of undecan-2-one.
1902792 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase complex C A protein complex which is capable of pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity.
1902793 glutamate decarboxylase complex C A protein complex which is capable of glutamate decarboxylase activity.
1902794 heterochromatin island assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a heterochromatin island.
1902795 heterochromatin domain assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a heterochromatin domain.
1902796 regulation of snoRNA processing P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of snoRNA processing.
1902797 negative regulation of snoRNA processing P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of snoRNA processing.
1902798 positive regulation of snoRNA processing P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of snoRNA processing.
1902799 regulation of phosphodiesterase I activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphodiesterase I activity.
1902800 positive regulation of phosphodiesterase I activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphodiesterase I activity.
1902801 regulation of heterochromatin island assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heterochromatin island assembly.
1902802 regulation of heterochromatin domain assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heterochromatin domain assembly.
1902803 regulation of synaptic vesicle transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle transport.
1902804 negative regulation of synaptic vesicle transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle transport.
1902805 positive regulation of synaptic vesicle transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle transport.
1902806 regulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle G1/S phase transition.
1902807 negative regulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle G1/S phase transition.
1902808 positive regulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle G1/S phase transition.
1902809 regulation of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation.
1902810 negative regulation of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation.
1902811 positive regulation of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation.
1902812 regulation of BMP signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of BMP signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry.
1902813 negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of BMP signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry.
1902814 positive regulation of BMP signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of BMP signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry.
1902815 N,N'-diacetylchitobiose import P The directed movement of N,N'-diacetylchitobiose into a cell or organelle.
1902816 regulation of protein localization to microtubule P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to microtubule.
1902817 negative regulation of protein localization to microtubule P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to microtubule.
1902818 ethyl acetate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethyl acetate.
1902819 ethyl acetate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ethyl acetate.
1902820 1-undecene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1-undecene.
1902821 1-undecene biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1-undecene.
1902822 regulation of late endosome to lysosome transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of late endosome to lysosome transport.
1902823 negative regulation of late endosome to lysosome transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of late endosome to lysosome transport.
1902824 positive regulation of late endosome to lysosome transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of late endosome to lysosome transport.
1902825 proline import into cell P The directed movement of proline from outside of a cell into the cytoplasmic compartment. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis.
1902826 regulation of L-arginine import into cell P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-arginine import into cell.
1902827 negative regulation of L-arginine import into cell P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-arginine import into cell.
1902828 positive regulation of L-arginine import into cell P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-arginine import into cell.
1902829 regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spinal cord association neuron differentiation.
1902830 negative regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spinal cord association neuron differentiation.
1902831 positive regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spinal cord association neuron differentiation.
1902832 negative regulation of cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord.
1902833 positive regulation of cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord.
1902834 regulation of proline import into cell P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of proline import into cell.
1902835 negative regulation of proline import into cell P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of proline import into cell.
1902836 positive regulation of proline import into cell P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of proline import into cell.
1902837 amino acid import into cell P The directed movement of amino acids from outside of a cell into the cytoplasmic compartment. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis.
1902838 regulation of nuclear migration along microtubule P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear migration along microtubule.
1902839 negative regulation of nuclear migration along microtubule P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear migration along microtubule.
1902840 positive regulation of nuclear migration along microtubule P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear migration along microtubule.
1902841 regulation of netrin-activated signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of netrin-activated signaling pathway.
1902842 negative regulation of netrin-activated signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of netrin-activated signaling pathway.
1902843 positive regulation of netrin-activated signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of netrin-activated signaling pathway.
1902844 positive regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation by negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway P A negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway that results in positive regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation.
1902845 negative regulation of mitotic spindle elongation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic spindle elongation.
1902846 positive regulation of mitotic spindle elongation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic spindle elongation.
1902847 regulation of neuronal signal transduction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuronal signal transduction.
1902848 negative regulation of neuronal signal transduction P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuronal signal transduction.
1902849 positive regulation of neuronal signal transduction P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuronal signal transduction.
1902850 microtubule cytoskeleton organization involved in mitosis P Any microtubule cytoskeleton organization that is involved in mitosis.
1902852 regulation of nuclear migration during mitotic telophase P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear migration during mitotic telophase.
1902853 negative regulation of nuclear migration during mitotic telophase P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear migration during mitotic telophase.
1902854 positive regulation of nuclear migration during mitotic telophase P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear migration during mitotic telophase.
1902855 regulation of non-motile cilium assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of non-motile cilium assembly.
1902856 negative regulation of non-motile cilium assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of non-motile cilium assembly.
1902857 positive regulation of non-motile cilium assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of non-motile cilium assembly.
1902858 propionyl-CoA metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving propionyl-CoA.
1902859 propionyl-CoA catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of propionyl-CoA.
1902860 propionyl-CoA biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of propionyl-CoA.
1902861 copper ion import into cell P The directed movement of copper ions from outside of a cell into the cytoplasmic compartment. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis.
1902863 regulation of embryonic camera-type eye development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic camera-type eye development.
1902864 negative regulation of embryonic camera-type eye development P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic camera-type eye development.
1902865 positive regulation of embryonic camera-type eye development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic camera-type eye development.
1902866 regulation of retina development in camera-type eye P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retina development in camera-type eye.
1902867 negative regulation of retina development in camera-type eye P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of retina development in camera-type eye.
1902868 positive regulation of retina development in camera-type eye P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retina development in camera-type eye.
1902869 regulation of amacrine cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amacrine cell differentiation.
1902870 negative regulation of amacrine cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of amacrine cell differentiation.
1902871 positive regulation of amacrine cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of amacrine cell differentiation.
1902872 regulation of horizontal cell localization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of horizontal cell localization.
1902873 negative regulation of horizontal cell localization P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of horizontal cell localization.
1902874 positive regulation of horizontal cell localization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of horizontal cell localization.
1902875 regulation of embryonic pattern specification P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic pattern specification.
1902876 negative regulation of embryonic pattern specification P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic pattern specification.
1902877 positive regulation of embryonic pattern specification P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic pattern specification.
1902878 regulation of BMP signaling pathway involved in spinal cord association neuron specification P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of BMP signaling pathway involved in spinal cord association neuron specification.
1902879 negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway involved in spinal cord association neuron specification P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of BMP signaling pathway involved in spinal cord association neuron specification.
1902880 positive regulation of BMP signaling pathway involved in spinal cord association neuron specification P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of BMP signaling pathway involved in spinal cord association neuron specification.
1902882 regulation of response to oxidative stress P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to oxidative stress.
1902883 negative regulation of response to oxidative stress P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to oxidative stress.
1902884 positive regulation of response to oxidative stress P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to oxidative stress.
1902885 regulation of proteasome-activating ATPase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of proteasome-activating ATPase activity.
1902886 negative regulation of proteasome-activating ATPase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of proteasome-activating ATPase activity.
1902887 positive regulation of proteasome-activating ATPase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of proteasome-activating ATPase activity.
1902888 protein localization to astral microtubule P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an astral microtubule.
1902889 protein localization to spindle microtubule P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a spindle microtubule.
1902890 regulation of root hair elongation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of root hair elongation.
1902891 negative regulation of root hair elongation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of root hair elongation.
1902892 positive regulation of root hair elongation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of root hair elongation.
1902893 regulation of pri-miRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pri-miRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter.
1902894 negative regulation of pri-miRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pri-miRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter.
1902895 positive regulation of pri-miRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pri-miRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter.
1902896 terminal web assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a terminal web.
1902897 regulation of postsynaptic density protein 95 clustering P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of postsynaptic density protein 95 clustering.
1902898 fatty acid methyl ester metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acid methyl ester.
1902899 fatty acid methyl ester biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acid methyl ester.
1902900 gut granule assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a gut granule.
1902901 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in stress response to cadmium ion P Any positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that is involved in stress response to cadmium ion.
1902902 negative regulation of autophagosome assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of autophagosome assembly.
1902903 regulation of supramolecular fiber organization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of supramolecular fiber organization.
1902904 negative regulation of supramolecular fiber organization P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibril organization.
1902905 positive regulation of supramolecular fiber organization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of supramolecular fiber organization.
1902906 proteasome storage granule assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a proteasome storage granule.
1902907 proteasome storage granule disassembly P The disaggregation of a proteasome storage granule into its constituent components.
1902908 regulation of melanosome transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of melanosome transport.
1902909 negative regulation of melanosome transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of melanosome transport.
1902910 positive regulation of melanosome transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of melanosome transport.
1902911 protein kinase complex C A protein complex which is capable of protein kinase activity.
1902912 pyruvate kinase complex C A protein complex which is capable of pyruvate kinase activity.
1902913 positive regulation of neuroepithelial cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuroepithelial cell differentiation.
1902914 regulation of protein polyubiquitination P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein polyubiquitination.
1902915 negative regulation of protein polyubiquitination P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein polyubiquitination.
1902916 positive regulation of protein polyubiquitination P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein polyubiquitination.
1902917 positive regulation of mating projection assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mating projection assembly.
1902918 poly(5-hydroxyvalerate) metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly(5-hydroxyvalerate).
1902919 poly(5-hydroxyvalerate) biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(5-hydroxyvalerate).
1902920 poly(hydroxyvalerate) metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly(hydroxyvalerate).
1902921 poly(hydroxyvalerate) biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(hydroxyvalerate).
1902922 poly(3-hydroxyvalerate) metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly(3-hydroxyvalerate).
1902923 poly(3-hydroxyvalerate) biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(3-hydroxyvalerate).
1902924 poly(hydroxyalkanoate) biosynthetic process from glucose P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(hydroxyalkanoate) from glucose.
1902925 poly(hydroxyalkanoate) biosynthetic process from fatty acid P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(hydroxyalkanoate) from fatty acid.
1902926 inulin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving inulin.
1902927 inulin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of inulin.
1902928 inulin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of inulin.
1902929 plasma membrane of growing cell tip C Any plasma membrane part that is part of a growing cell tip.
1902930 regulation of alcohol biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alcohol biosynthetic process.
1902931 negative regulation of alcohol biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of alcohol biosynthetic process.
1902932 positive regulation of alcohol biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of alcohol biosynthetic process.
1902933 isopentenol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving isopentenol.
1902934 isopentenol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenol.
1902935 protein localization to septin ring P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a septin ring.
1902936 phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate.
1902937 inward rectifier potassium channel complex C A protein complex which is capable of inward rectifier potassium channel activity.
1902938 regulation of intracellular calcium activated chloride channel activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular calcium activated chloride channel activity.
1902939 negative regulation of intracellular calcium activated chloride channel activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular calcium activated chloride channel activity.
1902940 positive regulation of intracellular calcium activated chloride channel activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular calcium activated chloride channel activity.
1902941 regulation of voltage-gated chloride channel activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated chloride channel activity.
1902942 negative regulation of voltage-gated chloride channel activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated chloride channel activity.
1902943 positive regulation of voltage-gated chloride channel activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated chloride channel activity.
1902944 aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process F Any aspartic-type endopeptidase activity that is involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process.
1902945 metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process F Any metalloendopeptidase activity that is involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process.
1902946 protein localization to early endosome P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an early endosome.
1902947 regulation of tau-protein kinase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tau-protein kinase activity.
1902948 negative regulation of tau-protein kinase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tau-protein kinase activity.
1902949 positive regulation of tau-protein kinase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tau-protein kinase activity.
1902950 regulation of dendritic spine maintenance P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic spine maintenance.
1902951 negative regulation of dendritic spine maintenance P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic spine maintenance.
1902952 positive regulation of dendritic spine maintenance P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic spine maintenance.
1902953 positive regulation of ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport.
1902954 regulation of early endosome to recycling endosome transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of early endosome to recycling endosome transport.
1902955 positive regulation of early endosome to recycling endosome transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of early endosome to recycling endosome transport.
1902956 regulation of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone.
1902957 negative regulation of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone.
1902958 positive regulation of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone.
1902959 regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process.
1902960 negative regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process.
1902961 positive regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process.
1902962 regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process.
1902963 negative regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process.
1902964 positive regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process.
1902965 regulation of protein localization to early endosome P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to early endosome.
1902966 positive regulation of protein localization to early endosome P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to early endosome.
1902967 protein localization to mitotic spindle midzone P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a mitotic spindle midzone.
1902969 mitotic DNA replication P Any nuclear DNA replication that is involved in a mitotic cell cycle.
1902970 premeiotic DNA replication DNA duplex unwinding P Any DNA duplex unwinding involved in meiotic cell cycle DNA replication.
1902971 mitotic DNA replication DNA duplex unwinding P Any DNA duplex unwinding involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.
1902972 premeiotic DNA replication DNA ligation P Any DNA ligation involved in meiotic cell cycle DNA replication.
1902973 mitotic DNA replication DNA ligation P Any DNA ligation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.
1902974 meiotic DNA replication initiation P Any DNA replication initiation involved in meiotic cell cycle DNA replication.
1902975 mitotic DNA replication initiation P Any DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.
1902976 premeiotic DNA replication preinitiation complex assembly P Any DNA replication preinitiation complex assembly that is involved in meiotic cell cycle.
1902977 mitotic DNA replication preinitiation complex assembly P Any DNA replication preinitiation complex assembly that is involved in mitotic cell cycle.
1902978 premeiotic DNA replication termination P Any DNA replication termination involved in meiotic cell cycle DNA replication.
1902979 mitotic DNA replication termination P Any DNA replication termination involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.
1902980 synthesis of RNA primer involved in premeiotic DNA replication P Any synthesis of RNA primer involved in meiotic cell cycle DNA replication.
1902981 synthesis of RNA primer involved in mitotic DNA replication P Any synthesis of RNA primer involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.
1902982 DNA strand elongation involved in premeiotic DNA replication P Any DNA strand elongation involved in meiotic cell cycle DNA replication.
1902983 DNA strand elongation involved in mitotic DNA replication P Any DNA strand elongation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.
1902984 pre-replicative complex assembly involved in premeiotic DNA replication P Any pre-replicative complex assembly involved in meiotic cell cycle DNA replication.
1902985 mitotic pre-replicative complex assembly P Any pre-replicative complex assembly involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.
1902986 regulation of lysine biosynthetic process via aminoadipic acid P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lysine biosynthetic process via aminoadipic acid.
1902987 negative regulation of lysine biosynthetic process via aminoadipic acid P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lysine biosynthetic process via aminoadipic acid.
1902988 neurofibrillary tangle assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a neurofibrillary tangle.
1902989 meiotic telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication P Any telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication that is involved in meiotic cell cycle.
1902990 mitotic telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication P Any telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication that is involved in mitotic cell cycle.
1902991 regulation of amyloid precursor protein catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amyloid precursor protein catabolic process.
1902992 negative regulation of amyloid precursor protein catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of amyloid precursor protein catabolic process.
1902993 positive regulation of amyloid precursor protein catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of amyloid precursor protein catabolic process.
1902994 regulation of phospholipid efflux P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid efflux.
1902995 positive regulation of phospholipid efflux P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid efflux.
1902996 regulation of neurofibrillary tangle assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurofibrillary tangle assembly.
1902997 negative regulation of neurofibrillary tangle assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neurofibrillary tangle assembly.
1902998 positive regulation of neurofibrillary tangle assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neurofibrillary tangle assembly.
1902999 negative regulation of phospholipid efflux P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid efflux.
1903000 regulation of lipid transport across blood brain barrier P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipid transport across blood brain barrier.
1903001 negative regulation of lipid transport across blood brain barrier P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lipid transport across blood brain barrier.
1903002 positive regulation of lipid transport across blood brain barrier P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lipid transport across blood brain barrier.
1903003 positive regulation of protein deubiquitination P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein deubiquitination.
1903004 regulation of protein K63-linked deubiquitination P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein K63-linked deubiquitination.
1903005 negative regulation of protein K63-linked deubiquitination P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein K63-linked deubiquitination.
1903006 positive regulation of protein K63-linked deubiquitination P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein K63-linked deubiquitination.
1903007 positive regulation of Lys63-specific deubiquitinase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Lys63-specific deubiquitinase activity.
1903008 organelle disassembly P The disaggregation of an organelle into its constituent components.
1903009 proteasome complex disassembly P The disaggregation of a proteasome complex into its constituent components.
1903010 regulation of bone development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone development.
1903011 negative regulation of bone development P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone development.
1903012 positive regulation of bone development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone development.
1903013 response to 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one stimulus.
1903014 cellular response to 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one stimulus.
1903015 regulation of exo-alpha-sialidase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exo-alpha-sialidase activity.
1903016 negative regulation of exo-alpha-sialidase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of exo-alpha-sialidase activity.
1903017 positive regulation of exo-alpha-sialidase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of exo-alpha-sialidase activity.
1903018 regulation of glycoprotein metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycoprotein metabolic process.
1903019 negative regulation of glycoprotein metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glycoprotein metabolic process.
1903020 positive regulation of glycoprotein metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycoprotein metabolic process.
1903021 regulation of phosphodiesterase activity, acting on 3'-phosphoglycolate-terminated DNA strands P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphodiesterase activity, acting on 3'-phosphoglycolate-terminated DNA strands.
1903022 positive regulation of phosphodiesterase activity, acting on 3'-phosphoglycolate-terminated DNA strands P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphodiesterase activity, acting on 3'-phosphoglycolate-terminated DNA strands.
1903023 regulation of ascospore-type prospore membrane assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ascospore-type prospore membrane assembly.
1903024 positive regulation of ascospore-type prospore membrane assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ascospore-type prospore membrane assembly.
1903025 regulation of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding.
1903026 negative regulation of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding.
1903027 regulation of opsonization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of opsonization.
1903028 positive regulation of opsonization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of opsonization.
1903031 regulation of microtubule plus-end binding P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule plus-end binding.
1903032 negative regulation of microtubule plus-end binding P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule plus-end binding.
1903033 positive regulation of microtubule plus-end binding P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule plus-end binding.
1903034 regulation of response to wounding P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to wounding.
1903035 negative regulation of response to wounding P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to wounding.
1903036 positive regulation of response to wounding P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to wounding.
1903037 regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion.
1903038 negative regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion.
1903039 positive regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion.
1903040 exon-exon junction complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an exon-exon junction complex.
1903041 regulation of chondrocyte hypertrophy P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte hypertrophy.
1903042 negative regulation of chondrocyte hypertrophy P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte hypertrophy.
1903043 positive regulation of chondrocyte hypertrophy P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte hypertrophy.
1903044 protein localization to membrane raft P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a membrane raft.
1903045 neural crest cell migration involved in sympathetic nervous system development P Any neural crest cell migration that is involved in sympathetic nervous system development.
1903046 meiotic cell cycle process P A process that is part of the meiotic cell cycle.
1903047 mitotic cell cycle process P A process that is part of the mitotic cell cycle.
1903048 regulation of acetylcholine-gated cation channel activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of acetylcholine-gated cation channel activity.
1903049 negative regulation of acetylcholine-gated cation channel activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of acetylcholine-gated cation channel activity.
1903050 regulation of proteolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of proteolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process.
1903051 negative regulation of proteolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of proteolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process.
1903052 positive regulation of proteolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of proteolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process.
1903053 regulation of extracellular matrix organization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix organization.
1903054 negative regulation of extracellular matrix organization P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix organization.
1903055 positive regulation of extracellular matrix organization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix organization.
1903056 regulation of melanosome organization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of melanosome organization.
1903057 negative regulation of melanosome organization P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of melanosome organization.
1903058 positive regulation of melanosome organization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of melanosome organization.
1903059 regulation of protein lipidation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein lipidation.
1903060 negative regulation of protein lipidation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein lipidation.
1903061 positive regulation of protein lipidation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein lipidation.
1903062 regulation of reverse cholesterol transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reverse cholesterol transport.
1903063 negative regulation of reverse cholesterol transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of reverse cholesterol transport.
1903064 positive regulation of reverse cholesterol transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of reverse cholesterol transport.
1903066 regulation of protein localization to cell tip P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell tip.
1903067 negative regulation of protein localization to cell tip P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell tip.
1903068 positive regulation of protein localization to cell tip P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell tip.
1903069 regulation of ER-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ER-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process.
1903070 negative regulation of ER-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ER-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process.
1903071 positive regulation of ER-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ER-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process.
1903072 regulation of death-inducing signaling complex assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of death-inducing signaling complex assembly.
1903073 negative regulation of death-inducing signaling complex assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of death-inducing signaling complex assembly.
1903074 TRAIL death-inducing signaling complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a TRAIL death-inducing signaling complex.
1903075 pyridoxine import into cell P The directed movement of pyridoxine from outside of a cell into the intracellular region of a cell.
1903076 regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to plasma membrane.
1903077 negative regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to plasma membrane.
1903078 positive regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to plasma membrane.
1903080 regulation of C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signaling pathway.
1903081 negative regulation of C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signaling pathway.
1903082 positive regulation of C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signaling pathway.
1903083 protein localization to condensed chromosome P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a condensed chromosome.
1903084 protein localization to condensed nuclear chromosome P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a condensed nuclear chromosome.
1903085 regulation of sinapate ester biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sinapate ester biosynthesis.
1903086 negative regulation of sinapate ester biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sinapate ester biosynthesis.
1903087 mitotic spindle pole body duplication P Any spindle pole body duplication that is involved in the mitotic cell cycle.
1903088 5-amino-1-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamide transmembrane transport P The directed movement of 5-amino-1-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamide across a membrane.
1903089 5-amino-1-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamide transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of 5-amino-1-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamide into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
1903090 pyridoxal transmembrane transport P The directed movement of pyridoxal across a membrane.
1903091 pyridoxamine transmembrane transport P The directed movement of pyridoxamine across a membrane.
1903092 pyridoxine transmembrane transport P The directed movement of pyridoxine across a membrane.
1903093 regulation of protein K48-linked deubiquitination P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein K48-linked deubiquitination.
1903094 negative regulation of protein K48-linked deubiquitination P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein K48-linked deubiquitination.
1903095 ribonuclease III complex C A protein complex which is capable of ribonuclease III activity.
1903096 protein localization to meiotic spindle midzone P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a meiotic spindle midzone.
1903097 regulation of CENP-A containing nucleosome assembly P Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the formation of nucleosomes containing the histone H3 variant CENP-A to form centromeric chromatin. This specialised chromatin occurs at centromeric region in point centromeres, and the central core in modular centromeres.
1903098 negative regulation of CENP-A containing nucleosome assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of nucleosomes containing the histone H3 variant CENP-A to form centromeric chromatin. This specialised chromatin occurs at centromeric region in point centromeres, and the central core in modular centromeres.
1903099 positive regulation of CENP-A containing nucleosome assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of nucleosomes containing the histone H3 variant CENP-A to form centromeric chromatin. This specialised chromatin occurs at centromeric region in point centromeres, and the central core in modular centromeres.
1903100 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate.
1903101 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate.
1903102 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate.
1903103 potassium:proton antiporter complex C A protein complex which is capable of potassium:proton antiporter activity.
1903104 regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway involved in determination of adult lifespan P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling pathway involved in determination of adult lifespan.
1903105 negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway involved in determination of adult lifespan P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling pathway involved in determination of adult lifespan.
1903106 positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway involved in determination of adult lifespan P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling pathway involved in determination of adult lifespan.
1903107 insulin receptor signaling pathway involved in dauer larval development P Any insulin receptor signaling pathway that is involved in dauer larval development.
1903108 regulation of transcription from mitochondrial promoter P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from mitochondrial promoter.
1903109 positive regulation of transcription from mitochondrial promoter P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from mitochondrial promoter.
1903110 regulation of single-strand break repair via homologous recombination P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of single-strand break repair via homologous recombination.
1903111 negative regulation of single-strand break repair via homologous recombination P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of single-strand break repair via homologous recombination.
1903112 positive regulation of single-strand break repair via homologous recombination P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of single-strand break repair via homologous recombination.
1903113 copper ion transmembrane transporter complex C A protein complex which is capable of copper ion transmembrane transporter activity.
1903114 silver ion transmembrane transporter complex C A protein complex which is capable of silver ion transmembrane transporter activity.
1903115 regulation of actin filament-based movement P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament-based movement.
1903116 positive regulation of actin filament-based movement P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament-based movement.
1903117 regulation of actin filament organization involved in cytokinetic actomyosin contractile ring assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament organization involved in cytokinetic actomyosin contractile ring assembly.
1903118 urate homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of urate within an organism or cell.
1903119 protein localization to actin cytoskeleton P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the location of an actin cytoskeleton.
1903120 protein localization to actin filament bundle P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the location of an actin filament bundle.
1903121 regulation of TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway.
1903122 negative regulation of TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway.
1903123 regulation of thioredoxin peroxidase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of thioredoxin peroxidase activity.
1903124 negative regulation of thioredoxin peroxidase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thioredoxin peroxidase activity.
1903125 negative regulation of thioredoxin peroxidase activity by peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation P A peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation that results in negative regulation of thioredoxin peroxidase activity.
1903126 negative regulation of centriole-centriole cohesion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of centriole-centriole cohesion.
1903127 positive regulation of centriole-centriole cohesion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of centriole-centriole cohesion.
1903128 regulation of leucine import into cell P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leucine import into cell.
1903129 negative regulation of leucine import into cell P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leucine import into cell.
1903130 positive regulation of leucine import into cell P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leucine import into cell.
1903131 mononuclear cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a mononuclear cell.
1903132 regulation of tube lumen cavitation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tube lumen cavitation.
1903133 negative regulation of tube lumen cavitation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tube lumen cavitation.
1903134 trehalose catabolic process involved in cellular response to stress P Any trehalose catabolic process that is involved in cellular response to stress.
1903135 cupric ion binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cupric ion, copper(2+).
1903136 cuprous ion binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cuprous ion, copper(1+).
1903137 regulation of MAPK cascade involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of MAPK cascade involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis.
1903138 negative regulation of MAPK cascade involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of MAPK cascade involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis.
1903139 positive regulation of MAPK cascade involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of MAPK cascade involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis.
1903140 regulation of establishment of endothelial barrier P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of endothelial barrier.
1903141 negative regulation of establishment of endothelial barrier P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of endothelial barrier.
1903142 positive regulation of establishment of endothelial barrier P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of endothelial barrier.
1903143 adrenomedullin receptor complex C A transmembrane, G-protein-coupled signalling receptor complex which is capable of adrenomedullin receptor activity.
1903144 actomyosin contractile ring actin filament C Any actin filament that is part of a actomyosin contractile ring.
1903145 actin filament of cell cortex of cell tip C Any actin filament that is part of a cell cortex of cell tip.
1903146 regulation of mitophagy P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrion degradation (mitophagy).
1903147 negative regulation of mitophagy P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrion degradation (mitophagy).
1903165 response to polycyclic arene P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a polycyclic arene stimulus.
1903166 cellular response to polycyclic arene P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a polycyclic arene stimulus.
1903167 regulation of pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity.
1903168 positive regulation of pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity.
1903169 regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion transmembrane transport.
1903170 negative regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion transmembrane transport.
1903171 carbon dioxide homeostasis P Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of carbon dioxide within an organism or cell.
1903172 cellular carbon dioxide homeostasis P Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of carbon dioxide at the level of the cell.
1903173 fatty alcohol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty alcohol.
1903174 fatty alcohol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fatty alcohol.
1903175 fatty alcohol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty alcohol.
1903176 regulation of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity.
1903177 negative regulation of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity.
1903178 positive regulation of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity.
1903179 regulation of dopamine biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dopamine biosynthetic process.
1903180 negative regulation of dopamine biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dopamine biosynthetic process.
1903181 positive regulation of dopamine biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dopamine biosynthetic process.
1903182 regulation of SUMO transferase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of SUMO ligase activity.
1903183 negative regulation of SUMO transferase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of SUMO ligase activity.
1903184 L-dopa metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-dopa.
1903185 L-dopa biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-dopa.
1903186 regulation of vitellogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vitellogenesis.
1903187 negative regulation of vitellogenesis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vitellogenesis.
1903188 positive regulation of vitellogenesis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vitellogenesis.
1903189 glyoxal metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving glyoxal.
1903190 glyoxal catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glyoxal.
1903191 glyoxal biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glyoxal.
1903192 sesquarterpene metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving sesquarterpene.
1903193 sesquarterpene biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sesquarterpene.
1903195 regulation of L-dopa biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-dopa biosynthetic process.
1903196 negative regulation of L-dopa biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-dopa biosynthetic process.
1903197 positive regulation of L-dopa biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-dopa biosynthetic process.
1903198 regulation of L-dopa decarboxylase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-dopa decarboxylase activity.
1903199 negative regulation of L-dopa decarboxylase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-dopa decarboxylase activity.
1903200 positive regulation of L-dopa decarboxylase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-dopa decarboxylase activity.
1903201 regulation of oxidative stress-induced cell death P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative stress-induced cell death.
1903202 negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced cell death P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative stress-induced cell death.
1903203 regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron death P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative stress-induced neuron death.
1903204 negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron death P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative stress-induced neuron death.
1903205 regulation of hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death.
1903206 negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death.
1903207 regulation of hydrogen peroxide-induced neuron death P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen peroxide-induced neuron death.
1903208 negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide-induced neuron death P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen peroxide-induced neuron death.
1903209 positive regulation of oxidative stress-induced cell death P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative stress-induced cell death.
1903210 glomerular visceral epithelial cell apoptotic process P Any apoptotic process in a glomerular visceral epithelial cell.
1903211 mitotic recombination involved in replication fork processing P Any mitotic recombination that is involved in replication fork processing.
1903212 protein localization to mating-type region heterochromatin P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a mating-type region heterochromatin.
1903213 protein localization to subtelomeric heterochromatin P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a subtelomeric heterochromatin.
1903214 regulation of protein targeting to mitochondrion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein targeting to mitochondrion.
1903215 negative regulation of protein targeting to mitochondrion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein targeting to mitochondrion.
1903216 regulation of protein processing involved in protein targeting to mitochondrion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein processing involved in protein targeting to mitochondrion.
1903217 negative regulation of protein processing involved in protein targeting to mitochondrion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein processing involved in protein targeting to mitochondrion.
1903218 regulation of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+) activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+) activity.
1903219 negative regulation of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+) activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+) activity.
1903220 positive regulation of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+) activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+) activity.
1903221 regulation of mitotic recombination involved in replication fork processing P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic recombination involved in replication fork processing. Regulation of mitotic recombination contributes to replication fork processing by preventing recombination between inappropriate homologous sequences.
1903222 quinolinic acid transmembrane transport P The directed movement of quinolinic acid across a membrane.
1903223 positive regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron death P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative stress-induced neuron death.
1903224 regulation of endodermal cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endodermal cell differentiation.
1903225 negative regulation of endodermal cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endodermal cell differentiation.
1903226 positive regulation of endodermal cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endodermal cell differentiation.
1903227 xanthosine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving xanthosine.
1903228 xanthosine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xanthosine.
1903229 xanthosine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xanthosine.
1903231 mRNA binding involved in posttranscriptional gene silencing F Any mRNA binding that is involved in posttranscriptional gene silencing.
1903232 melanosome assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a melanosome, a tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which melanin pigments are synthesized and stored.
1903233 regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter.
1903234 negative regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter.
1903235 positive regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter.
1903236 regulation of leukocyte tethering or rolling P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte tethering or rolling.
1903237 negative regulation of leukocyte tethering or rolling P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte tethering or rolling.
1903238 positive regulation of leukocyte tethering or rolling P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte tethering or rolling.
1903241 U2-type prespliceosome assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an U2-type prespliceosome.
1903242 regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress.
1903243 negative regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress.
1903244 positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress.
1903245 regulation of adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of heart rate P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of heart rate.
1903246 negative regulation of adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of heart rate P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of heart rate.
1903247 positive regulation of adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of heart rate P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of heart rate.
1903248 regulation of citrulline biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of citrulline biosynthetic process.
1903249 negative regulation of citrulline biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of citrulline biosynthetic process.
1903250 positive regulation of citrulline biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of citrulline biosynthetic process.
1903251 multi-ciliated epithelial cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a multi-ciliated epithelial cell.
1903252 hercynylcysteine sulfoxide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving hercynylcysteine sulfoxide.
1903253 hercynylcysteine sulfoxide biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hercynylcysteine sulfoxide.
1903254 hercynylselenocysteine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving hercynylselenocysteine.
1903255 hercynylselenocysteine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hercynylselenocysteine.
1903256 selenoneine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving selenoneine.
1903257 selenoneine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of selenoneine.
1903258 sorbose import into cell P The directed movement of sorbose into a cell.
1903259 exon-exon junction complex disassembly P The disaggregation of an exon-exon junction complex into its constituent components.
1903260 protein localization to mating projection tip P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a mating projection tip.
1903261 regulation of serine phosphorylation of STAT3 protein P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of serine phosphorylation of STAT3 protein.
1903262 negative regulation of serine phosphorylation of STAT3 protein P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of serine phosphorylation of STAT3 protein.
1903263 positive regulation of serine phosphorylation of STAT3 protein P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of serine phosphorylation of STAT3 protein.
1903264 nitrate reductase activity involved in anaerobic electron transport chain F Any nitrate reductase activity that is involved in anaerobic electron transport chain.
1903265 positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway.
1903266 regulation of ornithine catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ornithine catabolic process.
1903267 negative regulation of ornithine catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ornithine catabolic process.
1903268 positive regulation of ornithine catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ornithine catabolic process.
1903269 ornithine carbamoyltransferase inhibitor complex C A protein complex which is capable of ornithine carbamoyltransferase inhibitor activity.
1903270 regulation of cytoplasmic translational elongation through polyproline stretches P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translational elongation through polyproline stretches.
1903271 negative regulation of cytoplasmic translational elongation through polyproline stretches P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translational elongation through polyproline stretches.
1903272 positive regulation of cytoplasmic translational elongation through polyproline stretches P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translational elongation through polyproline stretches.
1903273 regulation of sodium ion export P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion export.
1903274 negative regulation of sodium ion export P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion export.
1903275 positive regulation of sodium ion export P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion export.
1903276 regulation of sodium ion export from cell P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion export from cell.
1903277 negative regulation of sodium ion export from cell P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion export from cell.
1903278 positive regulation of sodium ion export from cell P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion export from cell.
1903279 regulation of calcium:sodium antiporter activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium:sodium antiporter activity.
1903280 negative regulation of calcium:sodium antiporter activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium:sodium antiporter activity.
1903281 positive regulation of calcium:sodium antiporter activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium:sodium antiporter activity.
1903282 regulation of glutathione peroxidase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutathione peroxidase activity.
1903283 negative regulation of glutathione peroxidase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glutathione peroxidase activity.
1903284 positive regulation of glutathione peroxidase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glutathione peroxidase activity.
1903285 positive regulation of hydrogen peroxide catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen peroxide catabolic process.
1903286 regulation of potassium ion import P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion import.
1903287 negative regulation of potassium ion import P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion import.
1903288 positive regulation of potassium ion import P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion import.
1903292 protein localization to Golgi membrane P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a Golgi membrane.
1903293 phosphatase complex C A protein complex which is capable of phosphatase activity.
1903294 regulation of glutamate secretion, neurotransmission P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutamate secretion, neurotransmission.
1903295 negative regulation of glutamate secretion, neurotransmission P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glutamate secretion, neurotransmission.
1903296 positive regulation of glutamate secretion, neurotransmission P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glutamate secretion, where glutamate acts as a neurotransmitter.
1903297 regulation of hypoxia-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hypoxia-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
1903298 negative regulation of hypoxia-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hypoxia-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
1903299 regulation of hexokinase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hexokinase activity.
1903300 negative regulation of hexokinase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hexokinase activity.
1903301 positive regulation of hexokinase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hexokinase activity.
1903302 regulation of pyruvate kinase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pyruvate kinase activity.
1903303 negative regulation of pyruvate kinase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pyruvate kinase activity.
1903304 positive regulation of pyruvate kinase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pyruvate kinase activity.
1903305 regulation of regulated secretory pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of regulated secretory pathway.
1903306 negative regulation of regulated secretory pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of regulated secretory pathway.
1903307 positive regulation of regulated secretory pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of regulated secretory pathway.
1903311 regulation of mRNA metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA metabolic process.
1903312 negative regulation of mRNA metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA metabolic process.
1903313 positive regulation of mRNA metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA metabolic process.
1903314 regulation of nitrogen cycle metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nitrogen cycle metabolic process.
1903315 negative regulation of nitrogen cycle metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nitrogen cycle metabolic process.
1903316 positive regulation of nitrogen cycle metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nitrogen cycle metabolic process.
1903317 regulation of protein maturation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein maturation.
1903318 negative regulation of protein maturation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein maturation.
1903319 positive regulation of protein maturation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein maturation.
1903320 regulation of protein modification by small protein conjugation or removal P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein modification by small protein conjugation or removal.
1903321 negative regulation of protein modification by small protein conjugation or removal P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein modification by small protein conjugation or removal.
1903322 positive regulation of protein modification by small protein conjugation or removal P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein modification by small protein conjugation or removal.
1903323 regulation of snoRNA metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of snoRNA metabolic process.
1903324 negative regulation of snoRNA metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of snoRNA metabolic process.
1903325 positive regulation of snoRNA metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of snoRNA metabolic process.
1903326 regulation of tRNA metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tRNA metabolic process.
1903327 negative regulation of tRNA metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tRNA metabolic process.
1903328 positive regulation of tRNA metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tRNA metabolic process.
1903329 regulation of iron-sulfur cluster assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of iron-sulfur cluster assembly.
1903330 negative regulation of iron-sulfur cluster assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of iron-sulfur cluster assembly.
1903331 positive regulation of iron-sulfur cluster assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of iron-sulfur cluster assembly.
1903332 regulation of protein folding P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein folding.
1903333 negative regulation of protein folding P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein folding.
1903334 positive regulation of protein folding P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein folding.
1903335 regulation of vacuolar transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vacuolar transport.
1903336 negative regulation of vacuolar transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vacuolar transport.
1903337 positive regulation of vacuolar transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vacuolar transport.
1903338 regulation of cell wall organization or biogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell wall organization or biogenesis.
1903339 negative regulation of cell wall organization or biogenesis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell wall organization or biogenesis.
1903340 positive regulation of cell wall organization or biogenesis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell wall organization or biogenesis.
1903341 regulation of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation.
1903342 negative regulation of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation.
1903343 positive regulation of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation.
1903344 regulation of protein polyglycylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein polyglycylation.
1903345 negative regulation of protein polyglycylation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein polyglycylation.
1903346 positive regulation of protein polyglycylation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein polyglycylation.
1903347 negative regulation of bicellular tight junction assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tight junction assembly.
1903348 positive regulation of bicellular tight junction assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tight junction assembly.
1903349 omegasome membrane C Any membrane that is part of an omegasome.
1903350 response to dopamine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dopamine stimulus.
1903351 cellular response to dopamine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dopamine stimulus.
1903352 L-ornithine transmembrane transport P The directed movement of L-ornithine across a membrane.
1903353 regulation of nucleus organization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nucleus organization.
1903354 regulation of distal tip cell migration P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of distal tip cell migration.
1903355 negative regulation of distal tip cell migration P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of distal tip cell migration.
1903356 positive regulation of distal tip cell migration P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of distal tip cell migration.
1903357 regulation of transcription initiation from RNA polymerase I promoter for nuclear large rRNA transcript P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription initiation from RNA polymerase I promoter for nuclear large rRNA transcript.
1903358 regulation of Golgi organization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Golgi organization.
1903359 lateral cortical node assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a lateral cortical node.
1903360 protein localization to lateral cortical node P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a lateral cortical node.
1903361 protein localization to basolateral plasma membrane P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a basolateral plasma membrane.
1903362 regulation of cellular protein catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular protein catabolic process.
1903363 negative regulation of cellular protein catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular protein catabolic process.
1903364 positive regulation of cellular protein catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular protein catabolic process.
1903365 regulation of fear response P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fear response.
1903366 negative regulation of fear response P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fear response.
1903367 positive regulation of fear response P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fear response.
1903368 regulation of foraging behavior P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of foraging behavior.
1903369 negative regulation of foraging behavior P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of foraging behavior.
1903370 positive regulation of foraging behavior P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of foraging behavior.
1903371 regulation of endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organization.
1903372 negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organization P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organization.
1903373 positive regulation of endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organization.
1903374 subarachnoid space development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a subarachnoid space over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
1903375 facioacoustic ganglion development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an acoustico-facial VII-VIII ganglion complex over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
1903376 regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
1903377 negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
1903378 positive regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
1903379 regulation of mitotic chromosome condensation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic chromosome condensation.
1903380 positive regulation of mitotic chromosome condensation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic chromosome condensation.
1903381 regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
1903382 negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
1903383 regulation of hydrogen peroxide-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a hydrogen peroxide-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
1903384 negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a hydrogen peroxide-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
1903385 regulation of homophilic cell adhesion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of homophilic cell adhesion.
1903386 negative regulation of homophilic cell adhesion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of homophilic cell adhesion.
1903387 positive regulation of homophilic cell adhesion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of homophilic cell adhesion.
1903388 regulation of synaptic vesicle uncoating P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle uncoating.
1903389 negative regulation of synaptic vesicle uncoating P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle uncoating.
1903390 positive regulation of synaptic vesicle uncoating P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle uncoating.
1903391 regulation of adherens junction organization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adherens junction organization.
1903392 negative regulation of adherens junction organization P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adherens junction organization.
1903393 positive regulation of adherens junction organization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adherens junction organization.
1903394 protein localization to kinetochore involved in kinetochore assembly P Any protein localization to kinetochore that is involved in kinetochore assembly.
1903395 regulation of secondary cell septum biogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secondary cell septum biogenesis.
1903396 negative regulation of secondary cell septum biogenesis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of secondary cell septum biogenesis.
1903397 positive regulation of secondary cell septum biogenesis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of secondary cell septum biogenesis.
1903398 regulation of m7G(5')pppN diphosphatase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of m7G(5')pppN diphosphatase activity.
1903399 positive regulation of m7G(5')pppN diphosphatase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of m7G(5')pppN diphosphatase activity.
1903400 L-arginine transmembrane transport P The directed movement of L-arginine across a membrane.
1903401 L-lysine transmembrane transport P The directed movement of L-lysine across a membrane.
1903402 regulation of renal phosphate excretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of renal phosphate excretion.
1903403 negative regulation of renal phosphate excretion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of renal phosphate excretion.
1903404 positive regulation of renal phosphate excretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of renal phosphate excretion.
1903405 protein localization to nuclear body P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a nuclear body.
1903406 regulation of sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity.
1903407 negative regulation of sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity.
1903408 positive regulation of sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity.
1903409 reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of reactive oxygen species, any molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen.
1903410 L-lysine import into cell P The directed movement of L-lysine into a cell.
1903411 L-ornithine import into cell P The directed movement of L-ornithine into a cell.
1903412 response to bile acid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bile acid stimulus.
1903413 cellular response to bile acid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bile acid stimulus.
1903414 iron cation export P The directed movement of iron cation out of a cell or organelle.
1903415 flavonoid transport from endoplasmic reticulum to plant-type vacuole P The directed movement of flavonoid from endoplasmic reticulum to plant-type vacuole.
1903416 response to glycoside P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glycoside stimulus.
1903418 protein localization to plasma membrane of cell tip P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a plasma membrane of cell tip.
1903419 protein localization to cortical endoplasmic reticulum P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cortical endoplasmic reticulum.
1903420 protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum tubular network P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an endoplasmic reticulum tubular network.
1903421 regulation of synaptic vesicle recycling P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle recycling.
1903422 negative regulation of synaptic vesicle recycling P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle recycling.
1903423 positive regulation of synaptic vesicle recycling P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle recycling.
1903424 fluoride transmembrane transport P The directed movement of fluoride across a membrane.
1903425 fluoride transmembrane transporter activity F Enables the transfer of fluoride from one side of the membrane to the other.
1903426 regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process.
1903427 negative regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process.
1903428 positive regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process.
1903429 regulation of cell maturation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell maturation.
1903430 negative regulation of cell maturation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell maturation.
1903431 positive regulation of cell maturation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell maturation.
1903432 regulation of TORC1 signaling P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of TORC1 signaling.
1903433 regulation of constitutive secretory pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of constitutive secretory pathway.
1903434 negative regulation of constitutive secretory pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of constitutive secretory pathway.
1903435 positive regulation of constitutive secretory pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of constitutive secretory pathway.
1903436 regulation of mitotic cytokinetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cytokinetic process.
1903437 negative regulation of mitotic cytokinetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cytokinetic process.
1903438 positive regulation of mitotic cytokinetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cytokinetic process.
1903439 calcitonin family receptor complex C A protein complex which is capable of calcitonin family receptor activity. Calcitonin family receptors may form dimers, trimers or tetramers; adrenomedullin and amylin receptors have only been observed as dimers so far.
1903440 amylin receptor complex C A protein complex which is capable of amylin receptor activity.
1903441 protein localization to ciliary membrane P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a ciliary membrane.
1903442 response to lipoic acid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipoic acid stimulus.
1903443 cellular response to lipoic acid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipoic acid stimulus.
1903444 negative regulation of brown fat cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of brown fat cell differentiation.
1903445 protein transport from ciliary membrane to plasma membrane P The directed movement of protein from ciliary membrane to plasma membrane.
1903446 geraniol metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving geraniol.
1903447 geraniol catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of geraniol.
1903448 geraniol biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of geraniol.
1903449 androst-4-ene-3,17-dione biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione.
1903450 regulation of G1 to G0 transition P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of G1 to G0 transition.
1903451 negative regulation of G1 to G0 transition P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of G1 to G0 transition.
1903452 positive regulation of G1 to G0 transition P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G1 to G0 transition.
1903453 RNA interference involved in olfactory learning P Any RNA interference that is involved in olfactory learning.
1903454 regulation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione biosynthetic process.
1903455 negative regulation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione biosynthetic process.
1903456 positive regulation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione biosynthetic process.
1903457 lactate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lactate.
1903459 mitotic DNA replication lagging strand elongation P Any lagging strand elongation that is involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.
1903460 mitotic DNA replication leading strand elongation P Any leading strand elongation that is involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.
1903461 Okazaki fragment processing involved in mitotic DNA replication P Any DNA replication, Okazaki fragment processing that is involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.
1903463 regulation of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.
1903464 negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.
1903465 positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.
1903466 regulation of mitotic DNA replication initiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic DNA replication.
1903467 negative regulation of mitotic DNA replication initiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic DNA replication.
1903468 positive regulation of DNA replication initiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic DNA replication.
1903469 removal of RNA primer involved in mitotic DNA replication P Any DNA replication, removal of RNA primer that is involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.
1903471 regulation of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring contraction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring contraction.
1903472 negative regulation of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring contraction P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring contraction.
1903473 positive regulation of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring contraction P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring contraction.
1903474 maintenance of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring localization P Any maintenance of actomyosin contractile ring localization that is involved in mitotic cell cycle.
1903475 mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly P Any actomyosin contractile ring assembly that is involved in mitotic cytokinesis.
1903476 protein localization to cell division site involved in mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly P Any protein localization to cell division site that is involved in mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly.
1903477 mitotic contractile ring actin filament bundle assembly P Any actin filament bundle assembly that is involved in mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly.
1903478 actin filament bundle convergence involved in mitotic contractile ring assembly P Any actin filament bundle convergence that is involved in mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly.
1903479 mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly actin filament organization P Any actin filament organization that is involved in mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly.
1903480 regulation of actin filament organization involved in mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament organization involved in mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly.
1903481 negative regulation of actin filament organization involved in mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament organization involved in mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly.
1903482 positive regulation of actin filament organization involved in mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament organization involved in mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly.
1903483 regulation of maintenance of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring localization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring localization.
1903484 negative regulation of maintenance of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring localization P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring localization.
1903485 positive regulation of maintenance of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring localization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring localization.
1903486 establishment of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring localization P Any establishment of actomyosin contractile ring localization that is involved in mitotic cell cycle.
1903487 regulation of lactation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lactation.
1903488 negative regulation of lactation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lactation.
1903489 positive regulation of lactation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lactation.
1903490 positive regulation of mitotic cytokinesis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cytokinesis.
1903491 response to simvastatin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a simvastatin stimulus. Simvastatin is a statin used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.
1903492 response to acetylsalicylate P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an aspirin (acetylsalicylate) stimulus. Aspirin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with moA cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.
1903493 response to clopidogrel P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a clopidogrel stimulus. Clopidogrel is a is an oral, thienopyridine-class antiplatelet agent used to inhibit blood clots in coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease.
1903494 response to dehydroepiandrosterone P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dehydroepiandrosterone stimulus.
1903495 cellular response to dehydroepiandrosterone P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dehydroepiandrosterone stimulus.
1903496 response to 11-deoxycorticosterone P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 11-deoxycorticosterone stimulus.
1903497 cellular response to 11-deoxycorticosterone P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 11-deoxycorticosterone stimulus.
1903498 bundle sheath cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a bundle sheath cell.
1903499 regulation of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly.
1903500 negative regulation of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly.
1903501 positive regulation of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly.
1903502 translation repressor complex C A protein complex which is capable of translation repressor activity.
1903503 ATPase inhibitor complex C A protein complex which is capable of ATPase inhibitor activity.
1903504 regulation of mitotic spindle checkpoint P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic spindle checkpoint.
1903505 regulation of establishment of actomyosin contractile ring localization involved in mitotic cell cycle P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of actomyosin contractile ring localization involved in mitotic cell cycle.
1903506 regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nucleic acid-templated transcription.
1903507 negative regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nucleic acid-templated transcription.
1903508 positive regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nucleic acid-templated transcription.
1903509 liposaccharide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving liposaccharide.
1903510 mucopolysaccharide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving mucopolysaccharide.
1903511 orotic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving orotic acid.
1903512 phytanic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytanic acid.
1903513 endoplasmic reticulum to cytosol transport P The directed movement of substances from endoplasmic reticulum to cytosol.
1903514 calcium ion transport from endoplasmic reticulum to cytosol P The directed movement of calcium ion from endoplasmic reticulum to cytosol.
1903515 calcium ion transport from cytosol to endoplasmic reticulum P The directed movement of calcium ion from cytosol to endoplasmic reticulum.
1903516 regulation of single strand break repair P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of single strand break repair.
1903517 negative regulation of single strand break repair P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of single strand break repair.
1903518 positive regulation of single strand break repair P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of single strand break repair.
1903519 regulation of mammary gland involution P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mammary gland involution.
1903520 negative regulation of mammary gland involution P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mammary gland involution.
1903521 positive regulation of mammary gland involution P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mammary gland involution.
1903522 regulation of blood circulation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood circulation.
1903523 negative regulation of blood circulation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood circulation.
1903524 positive regulation of blood circulation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood circulation.
1903525 regulation of membrane tubulation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of membrane tubulation.
1903526 negative regulation of membrane tubulation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of membrane tubulation.
1903527 positive regulation of membrane tubulation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane tubulation.
1903528 regulation of dCDP biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dCDP biosynthetic process.
1903529 negative regulation of dCDP biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dCDP biosynthetic process.
1903530 regulation of secretion by cell P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secretion by cell.
1903531 negative regulation of secretion by cell P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of secretion by cell.
1903532 positive regulation of secretion by cell P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of secretion by cell.
1903533 regulation of protein targeting P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein targeting.
1903534 regulation of lactose biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lactose biosynthetic process.
1903535 negative regulation of lactose biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lactose biosynthetic process.
1903536 positive regulation of lactose biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lactose biosynthetic process.
1903537 meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation P Any meiotic cell cycle process that is involved in oocyte maturation.
1903538 regulation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation.
1903539 protein localization to postsynaptic membrane P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a postsynaptic membrane.
1903540 establishment of protein localization to postsynaptic membrane P The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in a postsynaptic membrane.
1903541 regulation of exosomal secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exosomal secretion.
1903542 negative regulation of exosomal secretion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of exosomal secretion.
1903543 positive regulation of exosomal secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of exosomal secretion.
1903544 response to butyrate P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a butyrate stimulus.
1903545 cellular response to butyrate P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a butyrate stimulus.
1903546 protein localization to photoreceptor outer segment P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a photoreceptor outer segment.
1903547 regulation of growth hormone activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth hormone activity.
1903548 negative regulation of growth hormone activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of growth hormone activity.
1903549 positive regulation of growth hormone activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of growth hormone activity.
1903551 regulation of extracellular exosome assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly.
1903552 negative regulation of extracellular exosome assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly.
1903553 positive regulation of extracellular exosome assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly.
1903554 G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacterium P Any G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway that is involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacterium.
1903555 regulation of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production.
1903556 negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production.
1903557 positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production.
1903558 3-cyano-L-alanine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-cyano-L-alanine.
1903559 3-cyano-L-alanine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-cyano-L-alanine.
1903560 3-cyano-L-alanine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 3-cyano-L-alanine.
1903561 extracellular vesicle C Any vesicle that is part of the extracellular region.
1903562 microtubule bundle formation involved in mitotic spindle midzone assembly P Any microtubule bundle formation that is involved in spindle midzone assembly involved in mitosis.
1903563 microtubule bundle formation involved in horsetail-astral microtubule organization P Any microtubule bundle formation that is involved in horsetail-astral microtubule organization.
1903564 regulation of protein localization to cilium P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cilium.
1903565 negative regulation of protein localization to cilium P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cilium.
1903566 positive regulation of protein localization to cilium P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cilium.
1903567 regulation of protein localization to ciliary membrane P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to ciliary membrane.
1903568 negative regulation of protein localization to ciliary membrane P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to ciliary membrane.
1903569 positive regulation of protein localization to ciliary membrane P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to ciliary membrane.
1903570 regulation of protein kinase D signaling P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase D signaling.
1903571 negative regulation of protein kinase D signaling P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase D signaling.
1903572 positive regulation of protein kinase D signaling P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase D signaling.
1903573 negative regulation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to endoplasmic reticulum stress.
1903574 negative regulation of cellular response to amino acid starvation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular response to amino acid starvation.
1903575 cornified envelope assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a cornified envelope.
1903576 response to L-arginine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-arginine stimulus.
1903577 cellular response to L-arginine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-arginine stimulus.
1903578 regulation of ATP metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ATP metabolic process.
1903579 negative regulation of ATP metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ATP metabolic process.
1903580 positive regulation of ATP metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ATP metabolic process.
1903581 regulation of basophil degranulation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of basophil degranulation.
1903582 negative regulation of basophil degranulation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of basophil degranulation.
1903583 positive regulation of basophil degranulation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of basophil degranulation.
1903584 regulation of histone deubiquitination P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histone deubiquitination.
1903585 negative regulation of histone deubiquitination P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histone deubiquitination.
1903586 positive regulation of histone deubiquitination P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histone deubiquitination.
1903587 regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis.
1903588 negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis.
1903589 positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis.
1903590 regulation of lysozyme activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lysozyme activity.
1903591 negative regulation of lysozyme activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lysozyme activity.
1903592 positive regulation of lysozyme activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lysozyme activity.
1903593 regulation of histamine secretion by mast cell P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histamine secretion by mast cell.
1903594 negative regulation of histamine secretion by mast cell P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histamine secretion by mast cell.
1903595 positive regulation of histamine secretion by mast cell P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histamine secretion by mast cell.
1903596 regulation of gap junction assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gap junction assembly.
1903597 negative regulation of gap junction assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gap junction assembly.
1903598 positive regulation of gap junction assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gap junction assembly.
1903599 positive regulation of mitophagy P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrion degradation.
1903600 glutaminase complex C A protein complex which is capable of glutaminase activity.
1903601 thermospermine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving thermospermine.
1903602 thermospermine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of thermospermine.
1903603 thermospermine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thermospermine.
1903604 cytochrome metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cytochrome.
1903605 cytochrome biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cytochrome.
1903606 cytochrome c metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving cytochrome c.
1903607 cytochrome c biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytochrome c.
1903608 protein localization to cytoplasmic stress granule P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cytoplasmic stress granule.
1903609 negative regulation of inward rectifier potassium channel activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of inward rectifier potassium channel activity.
1903610 regulation of calcium-dependent ATPase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-dependent ATPase activity.
1903611 negative regulation of calcium-dependent ATPase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-dependent ATPase activity.
1903612 positive regulation of calcium-dependent ATPase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-dependent ATPase activity.
1903613 regulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein tyrosine phosphatase activity.
1903614 negative regulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein tyrosine phosphatase activity.
1903615 positive regulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein tyrosine phosphatase activity.
1903616 MAPK cascade involved in axon regeneration P Any MAPK cascade that is involved in axon regeneration.
1903617 positive regulation of mitotic cytokinesis, site selection P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cytokinesis, site selection.
1903618 regulation of transdifferentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transdifferentiation.
1903619 negative regulation of transdifferentiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transdifferentiation.
1903620 positive regulation of transdifferentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transdifferentiation.
1903621 protein localization to photoreceptor connecting cilium P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a photoreceptor connecting cilium.
1903622 regulation of RNA polymerase III activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase III activity.
1903623 negative regulation of RNA polymerase III activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase III activity.
1903624 regulation of DNA catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA catabolic process.
1903625 negative regulation of DNA catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA catabolic process.
1903626 positive regulation of DNA catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA catabolic process.
1903627 regulation of dUTP diphosphatase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dUTP diphosphatase activity.
1903628 negative regulation of dUTP diphosphatase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dUTP diphosphatase activity.
1903629 positive regulation of dUTP diphosphatase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dUTP diphosphatase activity.
1903630 regulation of aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity.
1903631 negative regulation of aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity.
1903632 positive regulation of aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity.
1903633 regulation of leucine-tRNA ligase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leucine-tRNA ligase activity.
1903634 negative regulation of leucine-tRNA ligase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leucine-tRNA ligase activity.
1903635 positive regulation of leucine-tRNA ligase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leucine-tRNA ligase activity.
1903636 regulation of protein import into mitochondrial outer membrane P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein import into mitochondrial outer membrane.
1903637 negative regulation of protein import into mitochondrial outer membrane P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein import into mitochondrial outer membrane.
1903638 positive regulation of protein import into mitochondrial outer membrane P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein import into mitochondrial outer membrane.
1903639 regulation of gastrin-induced gastric acid secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gastrin-induced gastric acid secretion.
1903640 negative regulation of gastrin-induced gastric acid secretion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gastrin-induced gastric acid secretion.
1903641 positive regulation of gastrin-induced gastric acid secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gastrin-induced gastric acid secretion.
1903642 regulation of recombination hotspot binding P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of recombination hotspot binding.
1903643 positive regulation of recombination hotspot binding P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of recombination hotspot binding.
1903644 regulation of chaperone-mediated protein folding P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chaperone-mediated protein folding.
1903645 negative regulation of chaperone-mediated protein folding P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chaperone-mediated protein folding.
1903646 positive regulation of chaperone-mediated protein folding P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chaperone-mediated protein folding.
1903647 negative regulation of chlorophyll catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chlorophyll catabolic process.
1903648 positive regulation of chlorophyll catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chlorophyll catabolic process.
1903649 regulation of cytoplasmic transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic transport.
1903650 negative regulation of cytoplasmic transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic transport.
1903651 positive regulation of cytoplasmic transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic transport.
1903652 modulation by virus of host cytoplasmic transport P Modulation by an infecting virus of host cytoplasmic transport.
1903653 modulation by symbiont of host cell motility P Modulation of host cell motility by a symbiont of that host.
1903654 phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain serine 5 residues involved in positive regulation of transcription elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain serine 5 residues that is involved in positive regulation of transcription elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter.
1903655 phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain serine 2 residues involved in positive regulation of transcription elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain serine 2 residues that is involved in positive regulation of transcription elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter.
1903656 regulation of type IV pilus biogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of type IV pilus biogenesis.
1903657 negative regulation of type IV pilus biogenesis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of type IV pilus biogenesis.
1903658 positive regulation of type IV pilus biogenesis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type IV pilus biogenesis.
1903659 regulation of complement-dependent cytotoxicity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of complement-dependent cytotoxicity.
1903660 negative regulation of complement-dependent cytotoxicity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of complement-dependent cytotoxicity.
1903661 positive regulation of complement-dependent cytotoxicity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement-dependent cytotoxicity.
1903662 L-altrarate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-altrarate.
1903663 L-altrarate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-altrarate.
1903664 regulation of asexual reproduction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of asexual reproduction.
1903665 negative regulation of asexual reproduction P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of asexual reproduction.
1903666 positive regulation of asexual reproduction P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of asexual reproduction.
1903667 regulation of chemorepellent activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chemorepellent activity.
1903668 negative regulation of chemorepellent activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemorepellent activity.
1903669 positive regulation of chemorepellent activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chemorepellent activity.
1903670 regulation of sprouting angiogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sprouting angiogenesis.
1903671 negative regulation of sprouting angiogenesis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sprouting angiogenesis.
1903672 positive regulation of sprouting angiogenesis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sprouting angiogenesis.
1903673 mitotic cleavage furrow formation P Any cleavage furrow formation that is involved in mitotic cell cycle.
1903674 regulation of cap-dependent translational initiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cap-dependent translational initiation.
1903675 negative regulation of cap-dependent translational initiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cap-dependent translational initiation.
1903676 positive regulation of cap-dependent translational initiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cap-dependent translational initiation.
1903677 regulation of cap-independent translational initiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cap-independent translational initiation.
1903678 negative regulation of cap-independent translational initiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cap-independent translational initiation.
1903679 positive regulation of cap-independent translational initiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cap-independent translational initiation.
1903680 acinar cell of sebaceous gland differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an acinar cell of sebaceous gland.
1903681 regulation of epithelial cell-cell adhesion involved in epithelium migration P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell-cell adhesion involved in epithelium migration.
1903682 negative regulation of epithelial cell-cell adhesion involved in epithelium migration P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell-cell adhesion involved in epithelium migration.
1903683 positive regulation of epithelial cell-cell adhesion involved in epithelium migration P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell-cell adhesion involved in epithelium migration.
1903684 regulation of border follicle cell migration P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of border follicle cell migration.
1903687 negative regulation of border follicle cell migration P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of border follicle cell migration.
1903688 positive regulation of border follicle cell migration P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of border follicle cell migration.
1903689 regulation of wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells.
1903690 negative regulation of wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells.
1903691 positive regulation of wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells.
1903692 methionine import into cell P The directed movement of methionine into a cell.
1903693 regulation of mitotic G1 cell cycle arrest in response to nitrogen starvation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic G1 cell cycle arrest in response to nitrogen starvation.
1903694 positive regulation of mitotic G1 cell cycle arrest in response to nitrogen starvation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic G1 cell cycle arrest in response to nitrogen starvation.
1903695 MAPK cascade involved in ascospore formation P Any MAPK cascade that is involved in ascospore formation.
1903696 protein localization to horsetail-astral microtubule array P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a horsetail-astral microtubule array.
1903697 negative regulation of microvillus assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microvillus assembly.
1903698 positive regulation of microvillus assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microvillus assembly.
1903699 tarsal gland development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tarsal gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
1903700 caecum development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a caecum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
1903701 substantia propria of cornea development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a substantia propria of cornea over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
1903702 esophagus development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an esophagus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
1903703 enterocyte differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an enterocyte.
1903704 negative regulation of production of siRNA involved in RNA interference P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of production of siRNA involved in RNA interference.
1903705 positive regulation of production of siRNA involved in RNA interference P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of production of siRNA involved in RNA interference.
1903706 regulation of hemopoiesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hemopoiesis.
1903707 negative regulation of hemopoiesis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hemopoiesis.
1903708 positive regulation of hemopoiesis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hemopoiesis.
1903709 uterine gland development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an uterine gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
1903710 spermine transmembrane transport P The directed movement of spermine across a membrane.
1903711 spermidine transmembrane transport P The directed movement of spermidine across a membrane.
1903712 cysteine transmembrane transport P The directed movement of cysteine across a membrane.
1903713 asparagine transmembrane transport P The directed movement of asparagine across a membrane.
1903714 isoleucine transmembrane transport P The directed movement of isoleucine across a membrane.
1903715 regulation of aerobic respiration P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aerobic respiration.
1903716 guanine transmembrane transport P The directed movement of guanine across a membrane.
1903717 response to ammonia P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ammonia stimulus.
1903718 cellular response to ammonia P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ammonia stimulus.
1903719 regulation of I-kappaB phosphorylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of I-kappaB phosphorylation.
1903720 negative regulation of I-kappaB phosphorylation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of I-kappaB phosphorylation.
1903721 positive regulation of I-kappaB phosphorylation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of I-kappaB phosphorylation.
1903722 regulation of centriole elongation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of centriole elongation.
1903723 negative regulation of centriole elongation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of centriole elongation.
1903724 positive regulation of centriole elongation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of centriole elongation.
1903725 regulation of phospholipid metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid metabolic process.
1903726 negative regulation of phospholipid metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid metabolic process.
1903727 positive regulation of phospholipid metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid metabolic process.
1903728 luteal cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a luteal cell. Large luteal cells develop from granulosa cells. Small luteal cells develop from theca cells.
1903729 regulation of plasma membrane organization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plasma membrane organization.
1903730 regulation of phosphatidate phosphatase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidate phosphatase activity.
1903740 positive regulation of phosphatidate phosphatase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidate phosphatase activity.
1903741 negative regulation of phosphatidate phosphatase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidate phosphatase activity.
1903742 regulation of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport.
1903743 negative regulation of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport.
1903744 positive regulation of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport.
1903745 negative regulation of pharyngeal pumping P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pharyngeal pumping.
1903746 positive regulation of pharyngeal pumping P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pharyngeal pumping.
1903747 regulation of establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion.
1903748 negative regulation of establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion.
1903749 positive regulation of establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion.
1903750 regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide.
1903751 negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide.
1903752 positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide.
1903753 negative regulation of p38MAPK cascade P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of p38MAPK cascade.
1903754 cortical microtubule plus-end C The plus-end of a cortical microtubule.
1903755 positive regulation of SUMO transferase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of SUMO transferase activity.
1903756 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by histone modification P A histone modification that results in regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter.
1903757 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by histone modification P A histone modification that results in positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter.
1903758 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by histone modification P A histone modification that results in negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter.
1903759 signal transduction involved in regulation of aerobic respiration P Any signal transduction that is involved in regulation of aerobic respiration.
1903760 regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization.
1903761 negative regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization.
1903762 positive regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization.
1903763 gap junction channel activity involved in cell communication by electrical coupling F Any gap junction channel activity that is involved in cell communication by electrical coupling.
1903764 regulation of potassium ion export across plasma membrane P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion export across plasma membrane.
1903765 negative regulation of potassium ion export across plasma membrane P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion export across plasma membrane.
1903766 positive regulation of potassium ion export across plasma membrane P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion export across plasma membrane.
1903767 sweet taste receptor complex C A protein complex which is capable of sweet taste receptor activity.
1903768 taste receptor complex C A protein complex which is capable of taste receptor activity.
1903769 negative regulation of cell proliferation in bone marrow P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in bone marrow.
1903770 negative regulation of beta-galactosidase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of beta-galactosidase activity.
1903771 positive regulation of beta-galactosidase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of beta-galactosidase activity.
1903772 regulation of viral budding via host ESCRT complex P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral budding via host ESCRT complex.
1903773 negative regulation of viral budding via host ESCRT complex P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral budding via host ESCRT complex.
1903774 positive regulation of viral budding via host ESCRT complex P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral budding via host ESCRT complex.
1903775 regulation of DNA double-strand break processing P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA double-strand break processing.
1903776 regulation of double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing, removal of nonhomologous ends P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing, removal of nonhomologous ends.
1903777 melibiose binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with melibiose.
1903778 protein localization to vacuolar membrane P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a vacuolar membrane.
1903779 regulation of cardiac conduction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac conduction.
1903780 negative regulation of cardiac conduction P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac conduction.
1903781 positive regulation of cardiac conduction P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac conduction.
1903782 regulation of sodium ion import across plasma membrane P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion import across plasma membrane.
1903783 negative regulation of sodium ion import across plasma membrane P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion import across plasma membrane.
1903784 positive regulation of sodium ion import across plasma membrane P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion import across plasma membrane.
1903785 L-valine transmembrane transport P The directed movement of L-valine across a membrane.
1903786 regulation of glutathione biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutathione biosynthetic process.
1903787 negative regulation of glutathione biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glutathione biosynthetic process.
1903788 positive regulation of glutathione biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glutathione biosynthetic process.
1903789 regulation of amino acid transmembrane transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amino acid transmembrane transport.
1903790 guanine nucleotide transmembrane transport P The directed movement of guanyl nucleotide across a membrane.
1903791 uracil transmembrane transport P The directed movement of uracil across a membrane.
1903792 negative regulation of anion transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anion transport.
1903793 positive regulation of anion transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anion transport.
1903794 cortisol binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cortisol.
1903795 regulation of inorganic anion transmembrane transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of inorganic anion transmembrane transport.
1903796 negative regulation of inorganic anion transmembrane transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of inorganic anion transmembrane transport.
1903797 positive regulation of inorganic anion transmembrane transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of inorganic anion transmembrane transport.
1903798 regulation of production of miRNAs involved in gene silencing by miRNA P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of production of miRNAs involved in gene silencing by miRNA.
1903799 negative regulation of production of miRNAs involved in gene silencing by miRNA P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of production of miRNAs involved in gene silencing by miRNA.
1903800 positive regulation of production of miRNAs involved in gene silencing by miRNA P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of production of miRNAs involved in gene silencing by miRNA.
1903801 L-leucine import into cell P The directed movement of L-leucine into a cell.
1903802 L-glutamate(1-) import into cell P The directed movement of L-glutamate(1-) into a cell.
1903803 L-glutamine import into cell P The directed movement of L-glutamine into a cell.
1903804 glycine import into cell P The directed movement of glycine into a cell.
1903805 L-valine import into cell P The directed movement of L-valine into a cell.
1903806 L-isoleucine import into cell P The directed movement of L-isoleucine into a cell.
1903807 L-threonine import into cell P The directed movement of L-threonine into a cell.
1903808 L-tyrosine import into cell P The directed movement of L-tyrosine into a cell.
1903809 L-proline import into cell P The directed movement of L-proline into a cell.
1903810 L-histidine import into cell P The directed movement of L-histidine into a cell.
1903811 L-asparagine import into cell P The directed movement of L-asparagine into a cell.
1903812 L-serine import into cell P The directed movement of L-serine into a cell.
1903813 L-methionine import into cell P The directed movement of L-methionine into a cell.
1903814 regulation of collecting lymphatic vessel constriction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of collecting lymphatic vessel constriction.
1903815 negative regulation of collecting lymphatic vessel constriction P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of collecting lymphatic vessel constriction.
1903816 positive regulation of collecting lymphatic vessel constriction P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of collecting lymphatic vessel constriction.
1903817 negative regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated potassium channel activity.
1903818 positive regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated potassium channel activity.
1903819 detection of stimulus involved in mitotic cytokinesis checkpoint P Any detection of stimulus that is involved in a mitotic cytokinesis checkpoint.
1903820 signal transduction involved in mitotic cytokinesis checkpoint P Any signal transduction that is involved in a mitotic cytokinesis checkpoint.
1903821 detection of stimulus involved in morphogenesis checkpoint P Any detection of stimulus that is involved in morphogenesis checkpoint.
1903822 signal transduction involved in morphogenesis checkpoint P Any signal transduction that is involved in morphogenesis checkpoint.
1903823 telomere single strand break repair P Single strand break repair that takes place in a telomere.
1903824 negative regulation of telomere single strand break repair P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telomere single strand break repair.
1903825 organic acid transmembrane transport P The directed movement of organic acid across a membrane.
1903826 arginine transmembrane transport P The directed movement of arginine across a membrane.
1903827 regulation of cellular protein localization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular protein localization. Cellular protein localization is any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location and encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell.
1903828 negative regulation of cellular protein localization P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular protein localization. Cellular protein localization is any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location and encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell.
1903829 positive regulation of cellular protein localization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular protein localization. Cellular protein localization is any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location and encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell.
1903830 magnesium ion transmembrane transport P The directed movement of magnesium ion across a membrane.
1903831 signal transduction involved in cellular response to ammonium ion P Any signal transduction that is involved in cellular response to ammonium ion.
1903832 regulation of cellular response to amino acid starvation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to amino acid starvation.
1903833 positive regulation of cellular response to amino acid starvation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to amino acid starvation.
1903837 regulation of mRNA 3'-UTR binding P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA 3'-UTR binding.
1903838 negative regulation of mRNA 3'-UTR binding P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA 3'-UTR binding.
1903839 positive regulation of mRNA 3'-UTR binding P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA 3'-UTR binding.
1903840 response to arsenite(3-) P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an arsenite(3-) stimulus.
1903841 cellular response to arsenite(3-) P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an arsenite(3-) stimulus.
1903842 response to arsenite ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an arsenite ion stimulus.
1903843 cellular response to arsenite ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an arsenite ion stimulus.
1903844 regulation of cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus.
1903845 negative regulation of cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus.
1903846 positive regulation of cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus.
1903847 regulation of aorta morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aorta morphogenesis.
1903848 negative regulation of aorta morphogenesis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aorta morphogenesis.
1903849 positive regulation of aorta morphogenesis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aorta morphogenesis.
1903850 regulation of cristae formation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cristae formation.
1903851 negative regulation of cristae formation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cristae formation.
1903852 positive regulation of cristae formation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cristae formation.
1903853 regulation of stress response to copper ion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stress response to copper ion.
1903854 negative regulation of stress response to copper ion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of stress response to copper ion.
1903855 positive regulation of stress response to copper ion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of stress response to copper ion.
1903856 regulation of cytokinin dehydrogenase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytokinin dehydrogenase activity.
1903857 negative regulation of cytokinin dehydrogenase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytokinin dehydrogenase activity.
1903858 protein localization to old growing cell tip P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an old growing cell tip.
1903859 regulation of dendrite extension P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite extension.
1903860 negative regulation of dendrite extension P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite extension.
1903861 positive regulation of dendrite extension P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite extension.
1903862 positive regulation of oxidative phosphorylation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative phosphorylation.
1903863 P granule assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a P granule.
1903864 P granule disassembly P The disaggregation of a P granule into its constituent components.
1903865 sigma factor antagonist complex C A protein complex which is capable of sigma factor antagonist activity.
1903866 palisade mesophyll development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a palisade mesophyll over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
1903867 extraembryonic membrane development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an extraembryonic membrane over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
1903868 regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity.
1903869 negative regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity.
1903870 positive regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity.
1903871 DNA recombinase mediator complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a DNA recombinase mediator complex.
1903872 regulation of DNA recombinase mediator complex assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombinase mediator complex assembly.
1903873 negative regulation of DNA recombinase mediator complex assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombinase mediator complex assembly.
1903874 ferrous iron transmembrane transport P The directed movement of ferrous iron (iron(2+)) across a membrane.
1903875 corticosterone binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with corticosterone.
1903876 11-deoxycortisol binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with 11-deoxycortisol.
1903877 21-deoxycortisol binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with 21-deoxycortisol.
1903878 11-deoxycorticosterone binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with 11-deoxycorticosterone.
1903879 11beta-hydroxyprogesterone binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with 11beta-hydroxyprogesterone.
1903880 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone.
1903881 regulation of interleukin-17-mediated signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-17-mediated signaling pathway.
1903882 negative regulation of interleukin-17-mediated signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-17-mediated signaling pathway.
1903883 positive regulation of interleukin-17-mediated signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-17-mediated signaling pathway.
1903884 regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 production.
1903885 negative regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 production P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 production.
1903886 positive regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 production.
1903888 regulation of plant epidermal cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plant epidermal cell differentiation.
1903889 negative regulation of plant epidermal cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of plant epidermal cell differentiation.
1903890 positive regulation of plant epidermal cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of plant epidermal cell differentiation.
1903891 regulation of ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response.
1903892 negative regulation of ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response.
1903893 positive regulation of ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response.
1903894 regulation of IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response.
1903895 negative regulation of IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response.
1903896 positive regulation of IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response.
1903897 regulation of PERK-mediated unfolded protein response P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the PERK-mediated unfolded protein response.
1903898 negative regulation of PERK-mediated unfolded protein response P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the PERK-mediated unfolded protein response.
1903899 positive regulation of PERK-mediated unfolded protein response P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the PERK-mediated unfolded protein response.
1903900 regulation of viral life cycle P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral life cycle.
1903901 negative regulation of viral life cycle P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral life cycle.
1903902 positive regulation of viral life cycle P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral life cycle.
1903903 regulation of establishment of T cell polarity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of T cell polarity.
1903904 negative regulation of establishment of T cell polarity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of T cell polarity.
1903905 positive regulation of establishment of T cell polarity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of T cell polarity.
1903906 regulation of plasma membrane raft polarization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plasma membrane raft polarization.
1903907 negative regulation of plasma membrane raft polarization P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of plasma membrane raft polarization.
1903908 positive regulation of plasma membrane raft polarization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of plasma membrane raft polarization.
1903909 regulation of receptor clustering P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor clustering.
1903910 negative regulation of receptor clustering P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor clustering.
1903911 positive regulation of receptor clustering P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor clustering.
1903912 negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced eIF2 alpha phosphorylation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced eiF2alpha phosphorylation.
1903913 regulation of fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane.
1903914 negative regulation of fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane.
1903915 positive regulation of fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane.
1903916 regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced eIF2 alpha dephosphorylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced eIF2alpha dephosphorylation.
1903917 positive regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced eIF2 alpha dephosphorylation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced eIF2alpha dephosphorylation.
1903918 regulation of actin filament severing P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament severing.
1903919 negative regulation of actin filament severing P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament severing.
1903920 positive regulation of actin filament severing P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament severing.
1903921 regulation of protein processing in phagocytic vesicle P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein processing in phagocytic vesicle.
1903922 negative regulation of protein processing in phagocytic vesicle P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein processing in phagocytic vesicle.
1903923 positive regulation of protein processing in phagocytic vesicle P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein processing in phagocytic vesicle.
1903924 estradiol binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with estradiol.
1903925 response to bisphenol A P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bisphenol A stimulus.
1903926 cellular response to bisphenol A P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bisphenol A stimulus.
1903927 response to cyanide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cyanide stimulus.
1903928 cellular response to cyanide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cyanide stimulus.
1903929 primary palate development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a primary palate over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
1903930 regulation of pyrimidine-containing compound salvage P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pyrimidine-containing compound salvage.
1903931 positive regulation of pyrimidine-containing compound salvage P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pyrimidine-containing compound salvage.
1903932 regulation of DNA primase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA primase activity.
1903933 negative regulation of DNA primase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA primase activity.
1903934 positive regulation of DNA primase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA primase activity.
1903935 response to sodium arsenite P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sodium arsenite stimulus.
1903936 cellular response to sodium arsenite P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sodium arsenite stimulus.
1903937 response to acrylamide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acrylamide stimulus.
1903938 cellular response to acrylamide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acrylamide stimulus.
1903939 regulation of TORC2 signaling P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of TORC2 signaling.
1903940 negative regulation of TORC2 signaling P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of TORC2 signaling.
1903941 negative regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of respiratory gaseous exchange.
1903942 positive regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of respiratory gaseous exchange.
1903943 regulation of hepatocyte apoptotic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte apoptotic process.
1903944 negative regulation of hepatocyte apoptotic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte apoptotic process.
1903945 positive regulation of hepatocyte apoptotic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte apoptotic process.
1903946 negative regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential.
1903947 positive regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential.
1903948 negative regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential.
1903949 positive regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential.
1903950 negative regulation of AV node cell action potential P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of AV node cell action potential.
1903951 positive regulation of AV node cell action potential P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of AV node cell action potential.
1903952 regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization.
1903953 negative regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization.
1903954 positive regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization.
1903955 positive regulation of protein targeting to mitochondrion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein targeting to mitochondrion.
1903956 response to latrunculin B P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a latrunculin B stimulus.
1903957 cellular response to latrunculin B P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a latrunculin B stimulus.
1903958 nitric-oxide synthase complex C A protein complex which is capable of nitric-oxide synthase activity.
1903959 regulation of anion transmembrane transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anion transmembrane transport.
1903960 negative regulation of anion transmembrane transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anion transmembrane transport.
1903961 positive regulation of anion transmembrane transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anion transmembrane transport.
1903962 arachidonate transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of arachidonate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
1903963 arachidonate transport P The directed movement of an arachidonate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
1903964 monounsaturated fatty acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving monounsaturated fatty acid.
1903965 monounsaturated fatty acid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monounsaturated fatty acid.
1903966 monounsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monounsaturated fatty acid.
1903967 response to micafungin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a micafungin stimulus.
1903968 cellular response to micafungin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a micafungin stimulus.
1903969 regulation of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
1903970 negative regulation of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
1903971 positive regulation of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
1903972 regulation of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus.
1903973 negative regulation of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus.
1903974 positive regulation of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus.
1903975 regulation of glial cell migration P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glial cell migration.
1903976 negative regulation of glial cell migration P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glial cell migration.
1903977 positive regulation of glial cell migration P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glial cell migration.
1903978 regulation of microglial cell activation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microglial cell activation.
1903979 negative regulation of microglial cell activation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microglial cell activation.
1903980 positive regulation of microglial cell activation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microglial cell activation.
1903981 enterobactin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with enterobactin.
1903982 negative regulation of microvillus length P A process that decreases the length of a microvillus.
1903983 positive regulation of microvillus length P A process that increases the length of a microvillus.
1903984 positive regulation of TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway.
1903985 regulation of intestinal D-glucose absorption P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal D-glucose absorption.
1903988 ferrous iron export P The directed movement of iron(2+) out of a cell or organelle.
1903989 regulation of ferrous iron import into cell P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ferrous iron import into cell.
1903990 negative regulation of ferrous iron import into cell P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ferrous iron import into cell.
1903991 positive regulation of ferrous iron import into cell P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ferrous iron import into cell.
1903995 regulation of non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity.
1903996 negative regulation of non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity.
1903997 positive regulation of non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity.
1903998 regulation of eating behavior P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eating behavior.
1903999 negative regulation of eating behavior P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eating behavior.
1904000 positive regulation of eating behavior P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eating behavior.
1904001 positive regulation of pyrimidine-containing compound salvage by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P A positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in positive regulation of pyrimidine-containing compound salvage.
1904002 regulation of sebum secreting cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sebum secreting cell proliferation.
1904003 negative regulation of sebum secreting cell proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sebum secreting cell proliferation.
1904004 positive regulation of sebum secreting cell proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sebum secreting cell proliferation.
1904005 regulation of phospholipase D activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase D activity.
1904006 negative regulation of phospholipase D activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase D activity.
1904007 positive regulation of phospholipase D activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase D activity.
1904008 response to monosodium glutamate P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a monosodium glutamate stimulus.
1904009 cellular response to monosodium glutamate P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a monosodium glutamate stimulus.
1904010 response to Aroclor 1254 P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an Aroclor 1254 stimulus.
1904011 cellular response to Aroclor 1254 P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an Aroclor 1254 stimulus.
1904012 platinum binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with platinum.
1904013 xenon atom binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with xenon atom.
1904014 response to serotonin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a serotonin stimulus.
1904015 cellular response to serotonin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a serotonin stimulus.
1904016 response to Thyroglobulin triiodothyronine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a Thyroglobulin triiodothyronine stimulus.
1904017 cellular response to Thyroglobulin triiodothyronine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a Thyroglobulin triiodothyronine stimulus.
1904018 positive regulation of vasculature development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vasculature development.
1904019 epithelial cell apoptotic process P Any apoptotic process in an epithelial cell.
1904020 regulation of G-protein coupled receptor internalization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of G-protein coupled receptor internalization.
1904021 negative regulation of G-protein coupled receptor internalization P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of G-protein coupled receptor internalization.
1904022 positive regulation of G-protein coupled receptor internalization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G-protein coupled receptor internalization.
1904023 regulation of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate.
1904024 negative regulation of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate.
1904025 positive regulation of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate.
1904026 regulation of collagen fibril organization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of collagen fibril organization.
1904027 negative regulation of collagen fibril organization P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of collagen fibril organization.
1904028 positive regulation of collagen fibril organization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of collagen fibril organization.
1904029 regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity.
1904030 negative regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity.
1904031 positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity.
1904032 regulation of t-SNARE clustering P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of t-SNARE clustering.
1904033 negative regulation of t-SNARE clustering P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of t-SNARE clustering.
1904034 positive regulation of t-SNARE clustering P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of t-SNARE clustering.
1904035 regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell apoptotic process.
1904036 negative regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell apoptotic process.
1904037 positive regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell apoptotic process.
1904038 regulation of ferrous iron export P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of iron(2+) export.
1904039 negative regulation of ferrous iron export P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of iron(2+) export.
1904040 positive regulation of ferrous iron export P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of iron(2+) export.
1904041 regulation of cystathionine beta-synthase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cystathionine beta-synthase activity.
1904042 negative regulation of cystathionine beta-synthase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cystathionine beta-synthase activity.
1904043 positive regulation of cystathionine beta-synthase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cystathionine beta-synthase activity.
1904044 response to aldosterone P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an aldosterone stimulus.
1904045 cellular response to aldosterone P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an aldosterone stimulus.
1904046 negative regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor production.
1904047 S-adenosyl-L-methionine binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with S-adenosyl-L-methionine.
1904048 regulation of spontaneous neurotransmitter secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spontaneous neurotransmitter secretion.
1904049 negative regulation of spontaneous neurotransmitter secretion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spontaneous neurotransmitter secretion.
1904050 positive regulation of spontaneous neurotransmitter secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spontaneous neurotransmitter secretion.
1904051 regulation of protein targeting to vacuole involved in autophagy P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein targeting to vacuole involved in autophagy.
1904052 negative regulation of protein targeting to vacuole involved in autophagy P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein targeting to vacuole involved in autophagy.
1904053 positive regulation of protein targeting to vacuole involved in autophagy P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein targeting to vacuole involved in autophagy.
1904054 regulation of cholangiocyte proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cholangiocyte proliferation.
1904055 negative regulation of cholangiocyte proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cholangiocyte proliferation.
1904056 positive regulation of cholangiocyte proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholangiocyte proliferation.
1904057 negative regulation of sensory perception of pain P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of pain.
1904058 positive regulation of sensory perception of pain P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of pain.
1904059 regulation of locomotor rhythm P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of locomotor rhythm.
1904060 negative regulation of locomotor rhythm P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of locomotor rhythm.
1904061 positive regulation of locomotor rhythm P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of locomotor rhythm.
1904062 regulation of cation transmembrane transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cation transmembrane transport.
1904063 negative regulation of cation transmembrane transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cation transmembrane transport.
1904064 positive regulation of cation transmembrane transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cation transmembrane transport.
1904065 G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of acetylcholine secretion, neurotransmission P Any G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway that is involved in positive regulation of acetylcholine secretion, neurotransmission.
1904066 G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway involved in dauer larval development P Any G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway that is involved in dauer larval development.
1904067 ascr#2 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ascr#2.
1904068 G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway involved in social behavior P Any G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway that is involved in social behavior.
1904069 ascaroside metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving ascaroside.
1904070 ascaroside biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ascaroside.
1904071 presynaptic active zone assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a presynaptic active zone. The presynaptic active zone is a specialized region of the plasma membrane and cell cortex of a presynaptic neuron; encompasses a region of the plasma membrane where synaptic vesicles dock and fuse, and a specialized cortical cytoskeletal matrix.
1904072 presynaptic active zone disassembly P The disaggregation of a presynaptic active zone into its constituent components.
1904073 regulation of trophectodermal cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of trophectodermal cell proliferation.
1904074 negative regulation of trophectodermal cell proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of trophectodermal cell proliferation.
1904075 positive regulation of trophectodermal cell proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of trophectodermal cell proliferation.
1904076 regulation of estrogen biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of estrogen biosynthetic process.
1904077 negative regulation of estrogen biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of estrogen biosynthetic process.
1904078 positive regulation of estrogen biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of estrogen biosynthetic process.
1904080 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron fate specification P Any positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that is involved in neuron fate specification.
1904081 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation P Any positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that is involved in neuron differentiation.
1904082 pyrimidine nucleobase transmembrane transport P The directed movement of pyrimidine nucleobase across a membrane.
1904086 regulation of epiboly involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epiboly involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second.
1904087 negative regulation of epiboly involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epiboly involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second.
1904088 positive regulation of epiboly involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epiboly involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second.
1904089 negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P A negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process.
1904090 peptidase inhibitor complex C A protein complex which is capable of peptidase inhibitor activity.
1904091 peptidyl carrier protein activity involved in nonribosomal peptide biosynthesis F Any oligopeptide binding that is involved in nonribosomal peptide biosynthetic process.
1904092 regulation of autophagic cell death P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagic cell death.
1904093 negative regulation of autophagic cell death P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of autophagic cell death.
1904094 positive regulation of autophagic cell death P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of autophagic cell death.
1904095 negative regulation of endosperm development P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endosperm development.
1904096 protein tyrosine phosphatase complex C A protein complex which is capable of protein tyrosine phosphatase activity.
1904097 acid phosphatase complex C A protein complex which is capable of acid phosphatase activity.
1904098 regulation of protein O-linked glycosylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein O-linked glycosylation.
1904099 negative regulation of protein O-linked glycosylation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein O-linked glycosylation.
1904100 positive regulation of protein O-linked glycosylation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein O-linked glycosylation.
1904101 response to acadesine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acadesine stimulus.
1904102 cellular response to acadesine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acadesine stimulus.
1904103 regulation of convergent extension involved in gastrulation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of convergent extension involved in gastrulation.
1904104 negative regulation of convergent extension involved in gastrulation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of convergent extension involved in gastrulation.
1904105 positive regulation of convergent extension involved in gastrulation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of convergent extension involved in gastrulation.
1904106 protein localization to microvillus P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a microvillus.
1904107 protein localization to microvillus membrane P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a microvillus membrane.
1904108 protein localization to ciliary inversin compartment P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a ciliary inversin compartment.
1904109 positive regulation of cholesterol import P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol import.
1904110 regulation of plus-end directed microfilament motor activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plus-end directed microfilament motor activity.
1904111 negative regulation of plus-end directed microfilament motor activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of plus-end directed microfilament motor activity.
1904112 positive regulation of plus-end directed microfilament motor activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of plus-end directed microfilament motor activity.
1904113 negative regulation of muscle filament sliding P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle filament sliding.
1904114 positive regulation of muscle filament sliding P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle filament sliding.
1904115 axon cytoplasm C Any cytoplasm that is part of a axon.
1904116 response to vasopressin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vasopressin stimulus.
1904117 cellular response to vasopressin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vasopressin stimulus.
1904118 regulation of otic vesicle morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of otic vesicle morphogenesis.
1904119 negative regulation of otic vesicle morphogenesis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of otic vesicle morphogenesis.
1904120 positive regulation of otic vesicle morphogenesis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of otic vesicle morphogenesis.
1904121 phosphatidylethanolamine transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of phosphatidylethanolamine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
1904122 positive regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation by octopamine signaling pathway P An octopamine signaling pathway that results in positive regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation.
1904123 positive regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation by serotonin receptor signaling pathway P A serotonin receptor signaling pathway that results in positive regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation.
1904124 microglial cell migration P The orderly movement of a microglial cell from one site to another.
1904125 convergent extension involved in rhombomere morphogenesis P Any convergent extension that is involved in rhombomere morphogenesis.
1904126 convergent extension involved in notochord morphogenesis P Any convergent extension that is involved in notochord morphogenesis.
1904127 regulation of convergent extension involved in somitogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of convergent extension involved in somitogenesis.
1904128 negative regulation of convergent extension involved in somitogenesis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of convergent extension involved in somitogenesis.
1904129 positive regulation of convergent extension involved in somitogenesis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of convergent extension involved in somitogenesis.
1904130 regulation of convergent extension involved in neural plate elongation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of convergent extension involved in neural plate elongation.
1904131 negative regulation of convergent extension involved in neural plate elongation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of convergent extension involved in neural plate elongation.
1904132 positive regulation of convergent extension involved in neural plate elongation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of convergent extension involved in neural plate elongation.
1904133 regulation of convergent extension involved in rhombomere morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of convergent extension involved in rhombomere morphogenesis.
1904134 negative regulation of convergent extension involved in rhombomere morphogenesis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of convergent extension involved in rhombomere morphogenesis.
1904135 positive regulation of convergent extension involved in rhombomere morphogenesis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of convergent extension involved in rhombomere morphogenesis.
1904136 regulation of convergent extension involved in notochord morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of convergent extension involved in notochord morphogenesis.
1904137 negative regulation of convergent extension involved in notochord morphogenesis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of convergent extension involved in notochord morphogenesis.
1904138 positive regulation of convergent extension involved in notochord morphogenesis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of convergent extension involved in notochord morphogenesis.
1904139 regulation of microglial cell migration P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microglial cell migration.
1904140 negative regulation of microglial cell migration P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microglial cell migration.
1904141 positive regulation of microglial cell migration P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microglial cell migration.
1904142 negative regulation of carotenoid biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of carotenoid biosynthetic process.
1904143 positive regulation of carotenoid biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of carotenoid biosynthetic process.
1904144 phosphatidylinositol phosphate phosphatase complex C A protein complex which is capable of phosphatidylinositol phosphate phosphatase activity.
1904145 negative regulation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation.
1904146 positive regulation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation.
1904147 response to nonylphenol P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nonylphenol stimulus.
1904148 cellular response to nonylphenol P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nonylphenol stimulus.
1904149 regulation of microglial cell mediated cytotoxicity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microglial cell mediated cytotoxicity.
1904150 negative regulation of microglial cell mediated cytotoxicity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microglial cell mediated cytotoxicity.
1904151 positive regulation of microglial cell mediated cytotoxicity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microglial cell mediated cytotoxicity.
1904152 regulation of retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol.
1904153 negative regulation of retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol.
1904154 positive regulation of retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol.
1904155 DN2 thymocyte differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a DN2 thymocyte. A DN2 thymocyte is a CD4-,CD8- thymocyte that is also CD44+,CD25-.
1904156 DN3 thymocyte differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a DN3 thymocyte. A DN3 thymocyte is a CD4-,CD8- thymocyte that is also CD44+,CD25+.
1904157 DN4 thymocyte differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a DN4 thymocyte. A DN4 thymocyte is a CD4-,CD8- thymocyte that is also CD44-,CD25-.
1904158 axonemal central apparatus assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an axonemal central apparatus.
1904159 megasporocyte differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a megasporocyte.
1904160 protein localization to chloroplast starch grain P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a chloroplast starch grain.
1904161 DNA synthesis involved in UV-damage excision repair P Any DNA synthesis that is involved in UV-damage excision repair.
1904162 5'-3' exodeoxyribonuclease activity involved in UV-damage excision repair F Any 5'-3' exodeoxyribonuclease activity that is involved in UV-damage excision repair.
1904167 regulation of thyroid hormone receptor activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid hormone receptor activity.
1904168 negative regulation of thyroid hormone receptor activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid hormone receptor activity.
1904169 positive regulation of thyroid hormone receptor activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid hormone receptor activity.
1904170 regulation of bleb assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bleb assembly.
1904171 negative regulation of bleb assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bleb assembly.
1904172 positive regulation of bleb assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bleb assembly.
1904173 regulation of histone demethylase activity (H3-K4 specific) P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histone demethylase activity (H3-K4 specific).
1904174 negative regulation of histone demethylase activity (H3-K4 specific) P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histone demethylase activity (H3-K4 specific).
1904175 positive regulation of histone demethylase activity (H3-K4 specific) P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histone demethylase activity (H3-K4 specific).
1904176 carbon phosphorus lyase complex C A protein complex which is capable of carbon phosphorus lyase activity.
1904177 regulation of adipose tissue development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adipose tissue development.
1904178 negative regulation of adipose tissue development P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adipose tissue development.
1904179 positive regulation of adipose tissue development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adipose tissue development.
1904180 negative regulation of membrane depolarization P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of membrane depolarization.
1904181 positive regulation of membrane depolarization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane depolarization.
1904182 regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity.
1904183 negative regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity.
1904184 positive regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity.
1904185 equatorial microtubule organizing center assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an equatorial microtubule organizing center.
1904186 post-anaphase microtubule array organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly ofa post-anaphase microtubule array.
1904187 regulation of transformation of host cell by virus P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transformation of host cell by virus.
1904188 negative regulation of transformation of host cell by virus P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transformation of host cell by virus.
1904189 positive regulation of transformation of host cell by virus P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transformation of host cell by virus.
1904191 positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity involved in meiotic nuclear division P Any positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity that is involved in meiotic nuclear division.
1904192 regulation of cholangiocyte apoptotic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cholangiocyte apoptotic process.
1904193 negative regulation of cholangiocyte apoptotic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cholangiocyte apoptotic process.
1904194 positive regulation of cholangiocyte apoptotic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholangiocyte apoptotic process.
1904195 regulation of granulosa cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of granulosa cell proliferation.
1904196 negative regulation of granulosa cell proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of granulosa cell proliferation.
1904197 positive regulation of granulosa cell proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of granulosa cell proliferation.
1904198 negative regulation of regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell membrane depolarization P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell membrane depolarization.
1904199 positive regulation of regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell membrane depolarization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell membrane depolarization.
1904200 iodide transmembrane transport P The directed movement of iodide across a membrane.
1904201 regulation of iodide transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of iodide transport.
1904202 negative regulation of iodide transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of iodide transport.
1904203 positive regulation of iodide transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of iodide transport.
1904204 regulation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle hypertrophy.
1904205 negative regulation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle hypertrophy.
1904206 positive regulation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle hypertrophy.
1904207 regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 secretion.
1904208 negative regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 secretion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 secretion.
1904209 positive regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 secretion.
1904210 VCP-NPL4-UFD1 AAA ATPase complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a VCP-NPL4-UFD1 AAA ATPase complex.
1904211 membrane protein proteolysis involved in retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol P Any membrane protein proteolysis that is involved in retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol.
1904212 regulation of iodide transmembrane transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of iodide transmembrane transport.
1904213 negative regulation of iodide transmembrane transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of iodide transmembrane transport.
1904214 positive regulation of iodide transmembrane transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of iodide transmembrane transport.
1904215 regulation of protein import into chloroplast stroma P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein import into chloroplast stroma.
1904216 positive regulation of protein import into chloroplast stroma P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein import into chloroplast stroma.
1904217 regulation of CDP-diacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CDP-diacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity.
1904218 negative regulation of CDP-diacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CDP-diacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity.
1904219 positive regulation of CDP-diacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CDP-diacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity.
1904220 regulation of serine C-palmitoyltransferase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of serine C-palmitoyltransferase activity.
1904221 negative regulation of serine C-palmitoyltransferase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of serine C-palmitoyltransferase activity.
1904222 positive regulation of serine C-palmitoyltransferase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of serine C-palmitoyltransferase activity.
1904223 regulation of glucuronosyltransferase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucuronosyltransferase activity.
1904224 negative regulation of glucuronosyltransferase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucuronosyltransferase activity.
1904225 positive regulation of glucuronosyltransferase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucuronosyltransferase activity.
1904226 regulation of glycogen synthase activity, transferring glucose-1-phosphate P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycogen synthase activity, transferring glucose-1-phosphate.
1904227 negative regulation of glycogen synthase activity, transferring glucose-1-phosphate P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glycogen synthase activity, transferring glucose-1-phosphate.
1904228 positive regulation of glycogen synthase activity, transferring glucose-1-phosphate P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycogen synthase activity, transferring glucose-1-phosphate.
1904229 regulation of succinate dehydrogenase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of succinate dehydrogenase activity.
1904230 negative regulation of succinate dehydrogenase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of succinate dehydrogenase activity.
1904231 positive regulation of succinate dehydrogenase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of succinate dehydrogenase activity.
1904232 regulation of aconitate hydratase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aconitate hydratase activity.
1904233 negative regulation of aconitate hydratase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aconitate hydratase activity.
1904234 positive regulation of aconitate hydratase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aconitate hydratase activity.
1904235 regulation of substrate-dependent cell migration, cell attachment to substrate P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of substrate-dependent cell migration, cell attachment to substrate.
1904236 negative regulation of substrate-dependent cell migration, cell attachment to substrate P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of substrate-dependent cell migration, cell attachment to substrate.
1904237 positive regulation of substrate-dependent cell migration, cell attachment to substrate P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of substrate-dependent cell migration, cell attachment to substrate.
1904238 pericyte cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a pericyte cell.
1904239 regulation of VCP-NPL4-UFD1 AAA ATPase complex assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of VCP-NPL4-UFD1 AAA ATPase complex assembly.
1904240 negative regulation of VCP-NPL4-UFD1 AAA ATPase complex assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of VCP-NPL4-UFD1 AAA ATPase complex assembly.
1904241 positive regulation of VCP-NPL4-UFD1 AAA ATPase complex assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of VCP-NPL4-UFD1 AAA ATPase complex assembly.
1904242 regulation of pancreatic trypsinogen secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic trypsinogen secretion.
1904243 negative regulation of pancreatic trypsinogen secretion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic trypsinogen secretion.
1904244 positive regulation of pancreatic trypsinogen secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic trypsinogen secretion.
1904245 regulation of polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity.
1904246 negative regulation of polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity.
1904247 positive regulation of polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity.
1904248 regulation of age-related resistance P Any process that modulates the extent of age-related resistance.
1904249 negative regulation of age-related resistance P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the extent of age-related resistance.
1904250 positive regulation of age-related resistance P Any process that activates or increases the extent of age-related resistance.
1904251 regulation of bile acid metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bile acid metabolic process.
1904252 negative regulation of bile acid metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bile acid metabolic process.
1904253 positive regulation of bile acid metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bile acid metabolic process.
1904254 regulation of iron channel activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of iron channel activity.
1904255 negative regulation of iron channel activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of iron channel activity.
1904256 positive regulation of iron channel activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of iron channel activity.
1904257 zinc II ion import across Golgi membrane P The directed import of zinc(2+) from the cytosol across the Golgi membrane into the Golgi apparatus.
1904258 nuclear dicing body assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a nuclear dicing body.
1904259 regulation of basement membrane assembly involved in embryonic body morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of basement membrane assembly involved in embryonic body morphogenesis.
1904260 negative regulation of basement membrane assembly involved in embryonic body morphogenesis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of basement membrane assembly involved in embryonic body morphogenesis.
1904261 positive regulation of basement membrane assembly involved in embryonic body morphogenesis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of basement membrane assembly involved in embryonic body morphogenesis.
1904262 negative regulation of TORC1 signaling P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of TORC1 signaling.
1904263 positive regulation of TORC1 signaling P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of TORC1 signaling.
1904264 ubiquitin protein ligase activity involved in ERAD pathway F Any ubiquitin protein ligase activity that is involved in the ERAD pathway (the targeting of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident proteins for degradation by the cytoplasmic proteasome).
1904265 ubiquitin-specific protease activity involved in negative regulation of retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol F Any ubiquitin-specific protease activity (deubiquitinase activity) that is involved in negative regulation of retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol.
1904266 regulation of Schwann cell chemotaxis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell chemotaxis.
1904267 negative regulation of Schwann cell chemotaxis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell chemotaxis.
1904268 positive regulation of Schwann cell chemotaxis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell chemotaxis.
1904269 cell leading edge cell cortex C The cell cortex of the leading edge of a cell.
1904270 pyroptosome complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a pyroptosome complex.
1904271 L-proline import across plasma membrane P The directed movement of L-proline from outside of a cell into the cytoplasmic compartment.
1904272 L-tryptophan import across plasma membrane P The directed movement of L-tryptophan from outside of a cell into the cytoplasmic compartment.
1904273 L-alanine import across plasma membrane P The directed import of L-alanine from the extracellular region across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
1904274 tricellular tight junction assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a tricellular tight junction.
1904275 tricellular tight junction disassembly P The disaggregation of a tricellular tight junction into its constituent components.
1904276 regulation of wax biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of wax biosynthetic process.
1904277 negative regulation of wax biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of wax biosynthetic process.
1904278 positive regulation of wax biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of wax biosynthetic process.
1904279 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase V promoter P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from RNA polymerase V promoter.
1904280 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase V promoter P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from RNA polymerase V promoter.
1904281 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase V promoter P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from RNA polymerase V promoter.
1904282 regulation of antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I.
1904283 negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I.
1904284 positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I.
1904285 regulation of protein-pyridoxal-5-phosphate linkage P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein-pyridoxal-5-phosphate linkage.
1904286 negative regulation of protein-pyridoxal-5-phosphate linkage P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein-pyridoxal-5-phosphate linkage.
1904287 positive regulation of protein-pyridoxal-5-phosphate linkage P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein-pyridoxal-5-phosphate linkage.
1904288 BAT3 complex binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a BAT3 complex.
1904289 regulation of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint.
1904290 negative regulation of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint.
1904291 positive regulation of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint.
1904292 regulation of ERAD pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ERAD pathway.
1904293 negative regulation of ERAD pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ERAD pathway.
1904294 positive regulation of ERAD pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ERAD pathway.
1904295 regulation of osmolarity-sensing cation channel activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osmolarity-sensing cation channel activity.
1904296 negative regulation of osmolarity-sensing cation channel activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osmolarity-sensing cation channel activity.
1904297 positive regulation of osmolarity-sensing cation channel activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osmolarity-sensing cation channel activity.
1904298 regulation of transcytosis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcytosis.
1904299 negative regulation of transcytosis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcytosis.
1904300 positive regulation of transcytosis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcytosis.
1904301 regulation of maternal process involved in parturition P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maternal process involved in parturition.
1904302 negative regulation of maternal process involved in parturition P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maternal process involved in parturition.
1904303 positive regulation of maternal process involved in parturition P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maternal process involved in parturition.
1904304 regulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction.
1904305 negative regulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction.
1904306 positive regulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction.
1904307 response to desipramine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a desipramine stimulus.
1904308 cellular response to desipramine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a desipramine stimulus.
1904309 response to cordycepin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cordycepin stimulus.
1904310 cellular response to cordycepin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cordycepin stimulus.
1904311 response to gold(3+) P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gold(3+) stimulus.
1904312 cellular response to gold(3+) P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gold(3+) stimulus.
1904313 response to methamphetamine hydrochloride P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methamphetamine hydrochloride stimulus.
1904314 cellular response to methamphetamine hydrochloride P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methamphetamine hydrochloride stimulus.
1904315 transmitter-gated ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential F Any transmitter-gated ion channel activity that is involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential.
1904316 response to 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine stimulus.
1904317 cellular response to 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine stimulus.
1904318 regulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition.
1904319 negative regulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition.
1904320 positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition.
1904321 response to forskolin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a forskolin stimulus.
1904322 cellular response to forskolin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a forskolin stimulus.
1904323 regulation of inhibitory G-protein coupled receptor phosphorylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of inhibitory G-protein coupled receptor phosphorylation.
1904324 negative regulation of inhibitory G-protein coupled receptor phosphorylation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of inhibitory G-protein coupled receptor phosphorylation.
1904325 positive regulation of inhibitory G-protein coupled receptor phosphorylation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of inhibitory G-protein coupled receptor phosphorylation.
1904326 negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, wakefulness P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of circadian sleep/wake cycle, wakefulness.
1904327 protein localization to cytosolic proteasome complex P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cytosolic proteasome complex.
1904328 regulation of myofibroblast contraction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myofibroblast contraction.
1904329 negative regulation of myofibroblast contraction P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myofibroblast contraction.
1904330 positive regulation of myofibroblast contraction P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myofibroblast contraction.
1904331 regulation of error-prone translesion synthesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of error-prone translesion synthesis.
1904332 negative regulation of error-prone translesion synthesis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of error-prone translesion synthesis.
1904333 positive regulation of error-prone translesion synthesis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of error-prone translesion synthesis.
1904334 heme import across plasma membrane P The directed movement of heme from outside of a cell into the cytoplasmic compartment.
1904335 regulation of ductus arteriosus closure P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ductus arteriosus closure.
1904336 negative regulation of ductus arteriosus closure P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ductus arteriosus closure.
1904337 positive regulation of ductus arteriosus closure P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ductus arteriosus closure.
1904338 regulation of dopaminergic neuron differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dopaminergic neuron differentiation.
1904339 negative regulation of dopaminergic neuron differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dopaminergic neuron differentiation.
1904340 positive regulation of dopaminergic neuron differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dopaminergic neuron differentiation.
1904341 regulation of colon smooth muscle contraction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of colon smooth muscle contraction.
1904342 negative regulation of colon smooth muscle contraction P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of colon smooth muscle contraction.
1904343 positive regulation of colon smooth muscle contraction P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of colon smooth muscle contraction.
1904344 regulation of gastric mucosal blood circulation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gastric mucosal blood circulation.
1904345 negative regulation of gastric mucosal blood circulation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gastric mucosal blood circulation.
1904346 positive regulation of gastric mucosal blood circulation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gastric mucosal blood circulation.
1904347 regulation of small intestine smooth muscle contraction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of small intestine smooth muscle contraction.
1904348 negative regulation of small intestine smooth muscle contraction P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of small intestine smooth muscle contraction.
1904349 positive regulation of small intestine smooth muscle contraction P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of small intestine smooth muscle contraction.
1904350 regulation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein catabolic process in the vacuole.
1904351 negative regulation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein catabolic process in the vacuole.
1904352 positive regulation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein catabolic process in the vacuole.
1904353 regulation of telomere capping P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of telomere capping.
1904354 negative regulation of telomere capping P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telomere capping.
1904355 positive regulation of telomere capping P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telomere capping.
1904356 regulation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening.
1904357 negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening.
1904358 positive regulation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening.
1904359 regulation of spore germination P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spore germination.
1904360 negative regulation of spore germination P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spore germination.
1904361 positive regulation of spore germination P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spore germination.
1904362 regulation of calcitonin secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcitonin secretion.
1904363 negative regulation of calcitonin secretion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcitonin secretion.
1904364 positive regulation of calcitonin secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcitonin secretion.
1904365 regulation of chemokinesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chemokinesis.
1904366 negative regulation of chemokinesis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemokinesis.
1904367 positive regulation of chemokinesis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chemokinesis.
1904368 regulation of sclerenchyma cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sclerenchyma cell differentiation.
1904369 positive regulation of sclerenchyma cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sclerenchyma cell differentiation.
1904370 regulation of protein localization to actin cortical patch P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to actin cortical patch.
1904371 negative regulation of protein localization to actin cortical patch P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to actin cortical patch.
1904372 positive regulation of protein localization to actin cortical patch P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to actin cortical patch.
1904373 response to kainic acid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a kainic acid stimulus.
1904374 cellular response to kainic acid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a kainic acid stimulus.
1904375 regulation of protein localization to cell periphery P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell periphery.
1904376 negative regulation of protein localization to cell periphery P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell periphery.
1904377 positive regulation of protein localization to cell periphery P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell periphery.
1904378 maintenance of unfolded protein involved in ERAD pathway P Maintaining an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein in an unfolded, soluble state that contributes to its degradation by the cytoplasmic proteasome. Maintaining ER-resident proteins in an unfolded yet soluble state condition after their retro-translocation favors their turnover by the cytosolic proteasome.
1904379 protein localization to cytosolic proteasome complex involved in ERAD pathway P Any protein localization to cytosolic proteasome complex that is involved in ERAD pathway. Following their retrotranslocation out of the endoplasmic reticulum, protein substrates must be shuttled to the cytosolic proteasome for degradation.
1904380 endoplasmic reticulum mannose trimming P Any protein alpha-1,2-demannosylation that takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum quality control compartment (ERQC).
1904381 Golgi apparatus mannose trimming P Any protein alpha-1,2-demannosylation that takes place in the Golgi apparatus.
1904382 mannose trimming involved in glycoprotein ERAD pathway P The removal of one or more alpha 1,2-linked mannose residues from a mannosylated protein that occurs as part of glycoprotein ER-associated glycoprotein degradation (gpERAD).
1904383 response to sodium phosphate P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sodium phosphate stimulus.
1904384 cellular response to sodium phosphate P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sodium phosphate stimulus.
1904385 cellular response to angiotensin P "Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an angiotensin stimulus. Angiotensin is any of three physiologically active peptides (angiotensin II, III, or IV) processed from angiotensinogen."
1904386 response to L-phenylalanine derivative P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-phenylalanine derivative stimulus.
1904387 cellular response to L-phenylalanine derivative P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-phenylalanine derivative stimulus.
1904388 negative regulation of ncRNA transcription associated with protein coding gene TSS/TES P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ncRNA transcription associated with protein coding gene TSS/TES.
1904389 rod bipolar cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a rod bipolar cell.
1904390 cone retinal bipolar cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a cone retinal bipolar cell.
1904391 response to ciliary neurotrophic factor P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ciliary neurotrophic factor stimulus.
1904392 cellular response to ciliary neurotrophic factor P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ciliary neurotrophic factor stimulus.
1904393 regulation of skeletal muscle acetylcholine-gated channel clustering P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle acetylcholine-gated channel clustering.
1904394 negative regulation of skeletal muscle acetylcholine-gated channel clustering P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle acetylcholine-gated channel clustering.
1904395 positive regulation of skeletal muscle acetylcholine-gated channel clustering P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle acetylcholine-gated channel clustering.
1904396 regulation of neuromuscular junction development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuromuscular junction development.
1904397 negative regulation of neuromuscular junction development P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuromuscular junction development.
1904398 positive regulation of neuromuscular junction development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuromuscular junction development.
1904399 heparan sulfate binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with heparan sulfate.
1904400 response to Thyroid stimulating hormone P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a Thyroid stimulating hormone stimulus.
1904401 cellular response to Thyroid stimulating hormone P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a Thyroid stimulating hormone stimulus.
1904402 response to nocodazole P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nocodazole stimulus.
1904403 cellular response to nocodazole P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nocodazole stimulus.
1904404 response to formaldehyde P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a formaldehyde stimulus.
1904405 cellular response to formaldehyde P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a formaldehyde stimulus.
1904406 negative regulation of nitric oxide metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nitric oxide metabolic process.
1904407 positive regulation of nitric oxide metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nitric oxide metabolic process.
1904408 melatonin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with melatonin.
1904409 regulation of secretory granule organization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secretory granule organization.
1904410 negative regulation of secretory granule organization P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of secretory granule organization.
1904411 positive regulation of secretory granule organization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of secretory granule organization.
1904412 regulation of cardiac ventricle development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac ventricle development.
1904413 negative regulation of cardiac ventricle development P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac ventricle development.
1904414 positive regulation of cardiac ventricle development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac ventricle development.
1904415 regulation of xenophagy P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of xenophagy.
1904416 negative regulation of xenophagy P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of xenophagy.
1904417 positive regulation of xenophagy P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of xenophagy.
1904418 regulation of telomeric loop formation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of telomeric loop formation.
1904419 negative regulation of telomeric loop formation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telomeric loop formation.
1904420 positive regulation of telomeric loop formation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telomeric loop formation.
1904421 response to D-galactosamine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a D-galactosamine stimulus.
1904422 cellular response to D-galactosamine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a D-galactosamine stimulus.
1904423 dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase complex C A protein complex which is capable of dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase activity.
1904424 regulation of GTP binding P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of GTP binding.
1904425 negative regulation of GTP binding P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of GTP binding.
1904426 positive regulation of GTP binding P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of GTP binding.
1904427 positive regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion transmembrane transport.
1904428 negative regulation of tubulin deacetylation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tubulin deacetylation.
1904429 regulation of t-circle formation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of t-circle formation.
1904430 negative regulation of t-circle formation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of t-circle formation.
1904431 positive regulation of t-circle formation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of t-circle formation.
1904432 regulation of ferrous iron binding P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ferrous iron binding.
1904433 negative regulation of ferrous iron binding P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ferrous iron binding.
1904434 positive regulation of ferrous iron binding P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ferrous iron binding.
1904435 regulation of transferrin receptor binding P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transferrin receptor binding.
1904436 negative regulation of transferrin receptor binding P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transferrin receptor binding.
1904437 positive regulation of transferrin receptor binding P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transferrin receptor binding.
1904438 regulation of ferrous iron import across plasma membrane P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ferrous iron import across plasma membrane.
1904439 negative regulation of ferrous iron import across plasma membrane P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ferrous iron import across plasma membrane.
1904440 positive regulation of ferrous iron import across plasma membrane P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ferrous iron import across plasma membrane.
1904441 regulation of thyroid gland epithelial cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid gland epithelial cell proliferation.
1904442 negative regulation of thyroid gland epithelial cell proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid gland epithelial cell proliferation.
1904443 positive regulation of thyroid gland epithelial cell proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid gland epithelial cell proliferation.
1904444 regulation of establishment of Sertoli cell barrier P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of Sertoli cell barrier.
1904445 negative regulation of establishment of Sertoli cell barrier P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of Sertoli cell barrier.
1904446 positive regulation of establishment of Sertoli cell barrier P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of Sertoli cell barrier.
1904447 folic acid import into cell P The directed movement of folic acid from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytoplasmic compartment. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis.
1904448 regulation of aspartate secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aspartate secretion.
1904449 negative regulation of aspartate secretion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aspartate secretion.
1904450 positive regulation of aspartate secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aspartate secretion.
1904451 regulation of hydrogen:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity.
1904452 negative regulation of hydrogen:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity.
1904453 positive regulation of hydrogen:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity.
1904454 ubiquitin-specific protease activity involved in positive regulation of ERAD pathway F Any ubiquitin-specific protease activity that is involved in positive regulation of ERAD pathway.
1904455 ubiquitin-specific protease activity involved in negative regulation of ERAD pathway F Any ubiquitin-specific protease activity that is involved in negative regulation of ERAD pathway.
1904456 negative regulation of neuronal action potential P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuronal action potential.
1904457 positive regulation of neuronal action potential P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuronal action potential.
1904458 regulation of substance P secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of substance P secretion.
1904459 negative regulation of substance P secretion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of substance P secretion.
1904460 positive regulation of substance P secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of substance P secretion.
1904461 ergosteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving ergosteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside.
1904462 ergosteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ergosteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside.
1904463 ergosteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ergosteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside.
1904464 regulation of matrix metallopeptidase secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of matrix metallopeptidase secretion.
1904465 negative regulation of matrix metallopeptidase secretion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of matrix metallopeptidase secretion.
1904466 positive regulation of matrix metallopeptidase secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of matrix metallopeptidase secretion.
1904467 regulation of tumor necrosis factor secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tumor necrosis factor secretion.
1904468 negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor secretion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tumor necrosis factor secretion.
1904469 positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tumor necrosis factor secretion.
1904470 regulation of endothelin secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelin secretion.
1904471 negative regulation of endothelin secretion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelin secretion.
1904472 positive regulation of endothelin secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelin secretion.
1904473 response to L-dopa P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-dopa stimulus.
1904474 cellular response to L-dopa P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-dopa stimulus.
1904475 regulation of Ras GTPase binding P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Ras GTPase binding.
1904476 negative regulation of Ras GTPase binding P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Ras GTPase binding.
1904477 positive regulation of Ras GTPase binding P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Ras GTPase binding.
1904478 regulation of intestinal absorption P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal absorption.
1904479 negative regulation of intestinal absorption P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal absorption.
1904480 positive regulation of intestinal absorption P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal absorption.
1904481 response to tetrahydrofolate P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tetrahydrofolate stimulus.
1904482 cellular response to tetrahydrofolate P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tetrahydrofolate stimulus.
1904483 synthetic cannabinoid binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with synthetic cannabinoid.
1904484 cloacal gland development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cloacal gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
1904486 response to 17alpha-ethynylestradiol P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 17alpha-ethynylestradiol stimulus.
1904487 cellular response to 17alpha-ethynylestradiol P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 17alpha-ethynylestradiol stimulus.
1904488 regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P A positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process.
1904489 regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P A negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process.
1904490 negative regulation of mitochondrial unfolded protein response by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P A negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in negative regulation of mitochondrial unfolded protein response.
1904491 protein localization to ciliary transition zone P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a ciliary transition zone.
1904492 Ac-Asp-Glu binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with Ac-Asp-Glu.
1904493 tetrahydrofolyl-poly(glutamate) polymer binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with tetrahydrofolyl-poly(glutamate) polymer.
1904494 regulation of substance P secretion, neurotransmission P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of substance P secretion, neurotransmission.
1904495 negative regulation of substance P secretion, neurotransmission P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of substance P secretion, neurotransmission.
1904496 positive regulation of substance P secretion, neurotransmission P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of substance P secretion, neurotransmission.
1904497 heterochromatin assembly involved in chromatin silencing at centromere outer repeat region P Any heterochromatin assembly that is involved in chromatin silencing at the centromere outer repeat region.
1904498 protein localization to actomyosin contractile ring involved in mitotic cytokinesis P Any protein localization to actomyosin contractile ring that is involved in mitotic cytokinesis.
1904499 regulation of chromatin-mediated maintenance of transcription P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin-mediated maintenance of transcription.
1904500 negative regulation of chromatin-mediated maintenance of transcription P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin-mediated maintenance of transcription.
1904501 positive regulation of chromatin-mediated maintenance of transcription P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin-mediated maintenance of transcription.
1904502 regulation of lipophagy P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipophagy.
1904503 negative regulation of lipophagy P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lipophagy.
1904504 positive regulation of lipophagy P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lipophagy.
1904505 regulation of telomere maintenance in response to DNA damage P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of telomere maintenance in response to DNA damage.
1904506 negative regulation of telomere maintenance in response to DNA damage P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telomere maintenance in response to DNA damage.
1904507 positive regulation of telomere maintenance in response to DNA damage P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telomere maintenance in response to DNA damage.
1904508 regulation of protein localization to basolateral plasma membrane P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to basolateral plasma membrane.
1904509 negative regulation of protein localization to basolateral plasma membrane P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to basolateral plasma membrane.
1904510 positive regulation of protein localization to basolateral plasma membrane P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to basolateral plasma membrane.
1904511 cytoplasmic microtubule plus-end C Any microtubule plus-end that is part of a cytoplasmic microtubule.
1904512 regulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA replication P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of initiation of premeiotic DNA replication.
1904513 negative regulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA replication P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of initiation of premeiotic DNA replication.
1904514 positive regulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA replication P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of initiation of premeiotic DNA replication.
1904515 positive regulation of TORC2 signaling P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of TORC2 signaling.
1904516 myofibroblast cell apoptotic process P Any apoptotic process in a myofibroblast cell.
1904517 MgATP(2-) binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with MgATP(2-).
1904518 protein localization to cytoplasmic microtubule plus-end P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location at a cytoplasmic microtubule plus-end.
1904519 protein localization to microtubule minus-end P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location at a microtubule minus-end.
1904520 regulation of myofibroblast cell apoptotic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myofibroblast cell apoptotic process.
1904521 negative regulation of myofibroblast cell apoptotic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myofibroblast cell apoptotic process.
1904522 positive regulation of myofibroblast cell apoptotic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myofibroblast cell apoptotic process.
1904523 regulation of DNA amplification P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA amplification.
1904524 negative regulation of DNA amplification P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA amplification.
1904525 positive regulation of DNA amplification P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA amplification.
1904526 regulation of microtubule binding P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule binding.
1904527 negative regulation of microtubule binding P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule binding.
1904528 positive regulation of microtubule binding P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule binding.
1904529 regulation of actin filament binding P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament binding.
1904530 negative regulation of actin filament binding P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament binding.
1904531 positive regulation of actin filament binding P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament binding.
1904533 regulation of telomeric loop disassembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of telomeric loop disassembly.
1904534 negative regulation of telomeric loop disassembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telomeric loop disassembly.
1904535 positive regulation of telomeric loop disassembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telomeric loop disassembly.
1904536 regulation of mitotic telomere tethering at nuclear periphery P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic telomere tethering at nuclear periphery.
1904537 negative regulation of mitotic telomere tethering at nuclear periphery P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic telomere tethering at nuclear periphery.
1904538 regulation of glycolytic process through fructose-6-phosphate P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycolytic process through fructose-6-phosphate.
1904539 negative regulation of glycolytic process through fructose-6-phosphate P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glycolytic process through fructose-6-phosphate.
1904540 positive regulation of glycolytic process through fructose-6-phosphate P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycolytic process through fructose-6-phosphate.
1904541 fungal-type cell wall disassembly involved in conjugation with cellular fusion P Any fungal-type cell wall disassembly that is involved in conjugation with cellular fusion.
1904542 regulation of free ubiquitin chain polymerization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of free ubiquitin chain polymerization.
1904543 negative regulation of free ubiquitin chain polymerization P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of free ubiquitin chain polymerization.
1904544 positive regulation of free ubiquitin chain polymerization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of free ubiquitin chain polymerization.
1904547 regulation of cellular response to glucose starvation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to glucose starvation.
1904550 response to arachidonic acid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an arachidonic acid stimulus.
1904551 cellular response to arachidonic acid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an arachidonic acid stimulus.
1904552 regulation of chemotaxis to arachidonic acid P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chemotaxis to arachidonic acid.
1904553 negative regulation of chemotaxis to arachidonic acid P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemotaxis to arachidonic acid.
1904554 positive regulation of chemotaxis to arachidonic acid P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chemotaxis to arachidonic acid.
1904555 L-proline transmembrane transport P The directed movement of L-proline across a membrane.
1904556 L-tryptophan transmembrane transport P The directed movement of L-tryptophan across a membrane.
1904557 L-alanine transmembrane transport P The directed movement of L-alanine across a membrane.
1904558 response to dextromethorphan P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dextromethorphan stimulus.
1904559 cellular response to dextromethorphan P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dextromethorphan stimulus.
1904560 response to diphenidol P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diphenidol stimulus.
1904561 cellular response to diphenidol P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diphenidol stimulus.
1904562 phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate.
1904563 phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate.
1904564 Nbp35-Cfd1 ATPase complex C An iron-sulfur cluster assembly complex that is capable of weak ATPase activity. In yeast it consists of two subunits, Nbp35 and Cfd1.
1904565 response to 1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate stimulus.
1904566 cellular response to 1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate stimulus.
1904567 response to wortmannin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a wortmannin stimulus.
1904568 cellular response to wortmannin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a wortmannin stimulus.
1904569 regulation of selenocysteine incorporation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of selenocysteine incorporation.
1904570 negative regulation of selenocysteine incorporation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of selenocysteine incorporation.
1904571 positive regulation of selenocysteine incorporation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of selenocysteine incorporation.
1904572 negative regulation of mRNA binding P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA binding.
1904573 regulation of selenocysteine insertion sequence binding P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of selenocysteine insertion sequence binding.
1904574 negative regulation of selenocysteine insertion sequence binding P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of selenocysteine insertion sequence binding.
1904575 positive regulation of selenocysteine insertion sequence binding P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of selenocysteine insertion sequence binding.
1904576 response to tunicamycin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tunicamycin stimulus.
1904577 cellular response to tunicamycin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tunicamycin stimulus.
1904578 response to thapsigargin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a thapsigargin stimulus.
1904579 cellular response to thapsigargin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a thapsigargin stimulus.
1904580 regulation of intracellular mRNA localization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular mRNA localization.
1904581 negative regulation of intracellular mRNA localization P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular mRNA localization.
1904582 positive regulation of intracellular mRNA localization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular mRNA localization.
1904583 response to polyamine macromolecule P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a polyamine macromolecule stimulus.
1904584 cellular response to polyamine macromolecule P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a polyamine macromolecule stimulus.
1904585 response to putrescine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a putrescine stimulus.
1904586 cellular response to putrescine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a putrescine stimulus.
1904587 response to glycoprotein P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glycoprotein stimulus.
1904588 cellular response to glycoprotein P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glycoprotein stimulus.
1904589 regulation of protein import P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein import.
1904590 negative regulation of protein import P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein import.
1904591 positive regulation of protein import P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein import.
1904592 positive regulation of protein refolding P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein refolding.
1904593 prostaglandin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with prostaglandin.
1904594 regulation of termination of RNA polymerase II transcription P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of termination of RNA polymerase II transcription.
1904595 positive regulation of termination of RNA polymerase II transcription P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of termination of RNA polymerase II transcription.
1904596 regulation of connective tissue replacement involved in inflammatory response wound healing P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of connective tissue replacement involved in inflammatory response wound healing.
1904597 negative regulation of connective tissue replacement involved in inflammatory response wound healing P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of connective tissue replacement involved in inflammatory response wound healing.
1904598 positive regulation of connective tissue replacement involved in inflammatory response wound healing P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of connective tissue replacement involved in inflammatory response wound healing.
1904599 advanced glycation end-product binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with advanced glycation end-product.
1904600 actin fusion focus assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an actin fusion focus.
1904601 protein localization to actin fusion focus P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an actin fusion focus.
1904602 serotonin-activated cation-selective channel complex C A protein complex which is capable of serotonin-activated cation-selective channel activity. Mainly found in pre- and postsynaptic membranes of the brain and gastrointestinal tract. Depending on its location it transports Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ or K+. It is always a pentamer, containing at least the 5HT3A subunit forming 5HT3A homopentamers or 5HT3A/B heteropentamers. In human, 5HT3A/C, A/D and A/E heteropentamers also exist.
1904603 regulation of advanced glycation end-product receptor activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of advanced glycation end-product receptor activity.
1904604 negative regulation of advanced glycation end-product receptor activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of advanced glycation end-product receptor activity.
1904605 positive regulation of advanced glycation end-product receptor activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of advanced glycation end-product receptor activity.
1904606 fat cell apoptotic process P Any apoptotic process in a fat cell.
1904608 response to monosodium L-glutamate P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a monosodium L-glutamate stimulus.
1904609 cellular response to monosodium L-glutamate P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a monosodium L-glutamate stimulus.
1904610 response to 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl stimulus.
1904611 cellular response to 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl stimulus.
1904612 response to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine stimulus.
1904613 cellular response to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine stimulus.
1904614 response to biphenyl P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biphenyl stimulus.
1904615 cellular response to biphenyl P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biphenyl stimulus.
1904616 regulation of actin binding P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin binding.
1904617 negative regulation of actin binding P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin binding.
1904618 positive regulation of actin binding P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin binding.
1904619 response to dimethyl sulfoxide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dimethyl sulfoxide stimulus.
1904620 cellular response to dimethyl sulfoxide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dimethyl sulfoxide stimulus.
1904621 regulation of actin-dependent ATPase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin-dependent ATPase activity.
1904622 negative regulation of actin-dependent ATPase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin-dependent ATPase activity.
1904623 positive regulation of actin-dependent ATPase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin-dependent ATPase activity.
1904624 regulation of glycine secretion, neurotransmission P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycine secretion, neurotransmission.
1904625 negative regulation of glycine secretion, neurotransmission P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glycine secretion, neurotransmission.
1904626 positive regulation of glycine secretion, neurotransmission P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycine secretion, neurotransmission.
1904627 response to phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate stimulus.
1904628 cellular response to phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate stimulus.
1904629 response to diterpene P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diterpene stimulus.
1904630 cellular response to diterpene P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diterpene stimulus.
1904631 response to glucoside P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucoside stimulus.
1904632 cellular response to glucoside P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucoside stimulus.
1904633 regulation of glomerular visceral epithelial cell apoptotic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular visceral epithelial cell apoptotic process.
1904634 negative regulation of glomerular visceral epithelial cell apoptotic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular visceral epithelial cell apoptotic process.
1904635 positive regulation of glomerular visceral epithelial cell apoptotic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular visceral epithelial cell apoptotic process.
1904636 response to ionomycin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ionomycin stimulus.
1904637 cellular response to ionomycin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ionomycin stimulus.
1904638 response to resveratrol P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a resveratrol stimulus.
1904639 cellular response to resveratrol P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a resveratrol stimulus.
1904640 response to methionine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methionine stimulus.
1904641 response to dinitrophenol P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dinitrophenol stimulus.
1904642 cellular response to dinitrophenol P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dinitrophenol stimulus.
1904643 response to curcumin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a curcumin stimulus.
1904644 cellular response to curcumin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a curcumin stimulus.
1904645 response to beta-amyloid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a beta-amyloid stimulus.
1904646 cellular response to beta-amyloid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a beta-amyloid stimulus.
1904647 response to rotenone P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a rotenone stimulus.
1904648 cellular response to rotenone P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a rotenone stimulus.
1904649 regulation of fat cell apoptotic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fat cell apoptotic process.
1904650 negative regulation of fat cell apoptotic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fat cell apoptotic process.
1904651 positive regulation of fat cell apoptotic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fat cell apoptotic process.
1904652 protein localization to cell division site involved in cell separation after cytokinesis P Any protein localization to cell division site that is involved in cell separation after cytokinesis.
1904653 regulation of lung alveolus development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lung alveolus development.
1904654 negative regulation of lung alveolus development P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lung alveolus development.
1904655 positive regulation of lung alveolus development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lung alveolus development.
1904656 regulation of sensory perception of sweet taste P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of sweet taste.
1904657 negative regulation of sensory perception of sweet taste P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of sweet taste.
1904658 positive regulation of sensory perception of sweet taste P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of sweet taste.
1904659 glucose transmembrane transport P The directed movement of glucose across a membrane.
1904660 regulation of sensory perception of bitter taste P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of bitter taste.
1904661 negative regulation of sensory perception of bitter taste P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of bitter taste.
1904662 positive regulation of sensory perception of bitter taste P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of bitter taste.
1904663 regulation of N-terminal peptidyl-methionine acetylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of N-terminal peptidyl-methionine acetylation.
1904664 negative regulation of N-terminal peptidyl-methionine acetylation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of N-terminal peptidyl-methionine acetylation.
1904665 positive regulation of N-terminal peptidyl-methionine acetylation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of N-terminal peptidyl-methionine acetylation.
1904666 regulation of ubiquitin protein ligase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin protein ligase activity.
1904667 negative regulation of ubiquitin protein ligase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin protein ligase activity.
1904668 positive regulation of ubiquitin protein ligase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin protein ligase activity.
1904669 ATP export P The directed movement of ATP out of a cell or organelle.
1904670 actin filament polymerization involved in mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly P Any actin filament polymerization that is involved in mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly.
1904671 negative regulation of cell differentiation involved in stem cell population maintenance P Any negative regulation of cell differentiation that is involved in stem cell population maintenance.
1904672 regulation of somatic stem cell population maintenance P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of somatic stem cell population maintenance.
1904673 negative regulation of somatic stem cell population maintenance P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of somatic stem cell population maintenance.
1904674 positive regulation of somatic stem cell population maintenance P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of somatic stem cell population maintenance.
1904675 regulation of somatic stem cell division P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of somatic stem cell division.
1904676 negative regulation of somatic stem cell division P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of somatic stem cell division.
1904677 positive regulation of somatic stem cell division P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of somatic stem cell division.
1904678 alpha-aminoacyl-tRNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with alpha-aminoacyl-tRNA.
1904679 myo-inositol import across plasma membrane P The directed movement of myo-inositol from outside of a cell into the cytoplasmic compartment.
1904680 peptide transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of peptide from one side of the membrane to the other.
1904681 response to 3-methylcholanthrene P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 3-methylcholanthrene stimulus.
1904682 cellular response to 3-methylcholanthrene P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 3-methylcholanthrene stimulus.
1904683 regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metalloendopeptidase activity.
1904684 negative regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metalloendopeptidase activity.
1904685 positive regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metalloendopeptidase activity.
1904686 regulation of mitotic spindle disassembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic spindle disassembly.
1904687 positive regulation of mitotic spindle disassembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic spindle disassembly.
1904688 regulation of cytoplasmic translational initiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translational initiation.
1904689 negative regulation of cytoplasmic translational initiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translational initiation.
1904690 positive regulation of cytoplasmic translational initiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translational initiation.
1904691 negative regulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of type B pancreatic cell proliferation.
1904692 positive regulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type B pancreatic cell proliferation.
1904693 midbrain morphogenesis P The developmental process by which a midbrain is generated and organized.
1904694 negative regulation of vascular smooth muscle contraction P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle contraction.
1904695 positive regulation of vascular smooth muscle contraction P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle contraction.
1904696 protein localization to cell-cell adherens junction P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cell-cell adherens junction.
1904697 regulation of acinar cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of acinar cell proliferation.
1904698 negative regulation of acinar cell proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of acinar cell proliferation.
1904699 positive regulation of acinar cell proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of acinar cell proliferation.
1904700 granulosa cell apoptotic process P Any apoptotic process in a granulosa cell.
1904701 Wnt-Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a Wnt-Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex.
1904702 regulation of protein localization to cell-cell adherens junction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell-cell adherens junction.
1904703 negative regulation of protein localization to cell-cell adherens junction P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell-cell adherens junction.
1904704 positive regulation of protein localization to cell-cell adherens junction P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell-cell adherens junction.
1904705 regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation.
1904706 negative regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation.
1904707 positive regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation.
1904708 regulation of granulosa cell apoptotic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of granulosa cell apoptotic process.
1904709 negative regulation of granulosa cell apoptotic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of granulosa cell apoptotic process.
1904710 positive regulation of granulosa cell apoptotic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of granulosa cell apoptotic process.
1904711 regulation of Wnt-Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt-Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex assembly.
1904712 positive regulation of Wnt-Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt-Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex assembly.
1904713 beta-catenin destruction complex binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a beta-catenin destruction complex.
1904714 regulation of chaperone-mediated autophagy P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chaperone-mediated autophagy.
1904715 negative regulation of chaperone-mediated autophagy P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chaperone-mediated autophagy.
1904716 positive regulation of chaperone-mediated autophagy P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chaperone-mediated autophagy.
1904717 regulation of AMPA glutamate receptor clustering P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of AMPA glutamate receptor clustering.
1904718 negative regulation of AMPA glutamate receptor clustering P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of AMPA glutamate receptor clustering.
1904719 positive regulation of AMPA glutamate receptor clustering P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of AMPA glutamate receptor clustering.
1904720 regulation of mRNA endonucleolytic cleavage involved in unfolded protein response P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA endonucleolytic cleavage involved in unfolded protein response.
1904721 negative regulation of mRNA endonucleolytic cleavage involved in unfolded protein response P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA endonucleolytic cleavage involved in unfolded protein response.
1904722 positive regulation of mRNA endonucleolytic cleavage involved in unfolded protein response P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA endonucleolytic cleavage involved in unfolded protein response.
1904723 negative regulation of Wnt-Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt-Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex assembly.
1904724 tertiary granule lumen C Any membrane-enclosed lumen that is part of a tertiary granule.
1904725 TFIIB-class transcription factor binding involved in negative regulation of transcription F Any TFIIB-class transcription factor binding that is involved in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription.
1904726 regulation of replicative senescence P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of replicative senescence.
1904727 negative regulation of replicative senescence P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of replicative senescence.
1904728 positive regulation of replicative senescence P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of replicative senescence.
1904729 regulation of intestinal lipid absorption P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal lipid absorption.
1904730 negative regulation of intestinal lipid absorption P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal lipid absorption.
1904731 positive regulation of intestinal lipid absorption P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal lipid absorption.
1904732 regulation of electron carrier activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of electron carrier activity.
1904733 negative regulation of electron carrier activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of electron carrier activity.
1904734 positive regulation of electron carrier activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of electron carrier activity.
1904735 regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA dehydrogenase P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA dehydrogenase.
1904736 negative regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA dehydrogenase P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA dehydrogenase.
1904737 positive regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA dehydrogenase P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA dehydrogenase.
1904738 vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration P The orderly movement of a vascular associated smooth muscle cell from one site to another.
1904739 regulation of synapse organization by posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression P A posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression that results in regulation of synapse organization.
1904740 positive regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to starvation by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P A transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in positive regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to starvation.
1904741 positive regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to starvation by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P A positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in positive regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to starvation.
1904742 regulation of telomeric DNA binding P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of telomeric DNA binding.
1904743 negative regulation of telomeric DNA binding P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telomeric DNA binding.
1904744 positive regulation of telomeric DNA binding P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telomeric DNA binding.
1904745 ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an ATG1/UKL1 kinase complex.
1904746 negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in development P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in development.
1904747 positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in development.
1904748 regulation of apoptotic process involved in development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in development.
1904749 regulation of protein localization to nucleolus P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleolus.
1904750 negative regulation of protein localization to nucleolus P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleolus.
1904751 positive regulation of protein localization to nucleolus P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleolus.
1904752 regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration.
1904753 negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration.
1904754 positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration.
1904755 regulation of gut granule assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gut granule assembly.
1904756 negative regulation of gut granule assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gut granule assembly.
1904757 positive regulation of gut granule assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gut granule assembly.
1904758 protein localization to new growing cell tip P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a new growing cell tip.
1904759 protein localization to equatorial microtubule organizing center P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an equatorial microtubule organizing center.
1904760 regulation of myofibroblast differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myofibroblast differentiation.
1904761 negative regulation of myofibroblast differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myofibroblast differentiation.
1904762 positive regulation of myofibroblast differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myofibroblast differentiation.
1904763 chaperone-mediated autophagy translocation complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a chaperone-mediated autophagy translocation complex.
1904764 chaperone-mediated autophagy translocation complex disassembly P The disaggregation of a chaperone-mediated autophagy translocation complex into its constituent components.
1904765 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to maltose P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a maltose stimulus.
1904766 negative regulation of macroautophagy by TORC1 signaling P A TORC1 signaling that results in negative regulation of macroautophagy.
1904767 octanoic acid binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with octanoic acid.
1904768 all-trans-retinol binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with all-trans-retinol.
1904769 isopentadecanoic acid binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with isopentadecanoic acid.
1904770 intramembranous bone morphogenesis P The developmental process by which an intramembranous bone is generated and organized.
1904772 response to tetrachloromethane P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tetrachloromethane stimulus.
1904774 negative regulation of ubiquinone biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquinone biosynthetic process.
1904775 positive regulation of ubiquinone biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquinone biosynthetic process.
1904776 regulation of protein localization to cell cortex P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell cortex.
1904777 negative regulation of protein localization to cell cortex P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell cortex.
1904778 positive regulation of protein localization to cell cortex P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell cortex.
1904779 regulation of protein localization to centrosome P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to centrosome.
1904780 negative regulation of protein localization to centrosome P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to centrosome.
1904781 positive regulation of protein localization to centrosome P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to centrosome.
1904782 negative regulation of NMDA glutamate receptor activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of NMDA glutamate receptor activity.
1904783 positive regulation of NMDA glutamate receptor activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of NMDA glutamate receptor activity.
1904784 NLRP1 inflammasome complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a NLRP1 inflammasome complex.
1904785 regulation of asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate determination P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate determination.
1904786 negative regulation of asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate determination P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate determination.
1904787 positive regulation of asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate determination P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate determination.
1904788 positive regulation of induction of conjugation with cellular fusion by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P A regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in positive regulation of induction of conjugation with cellular fusion.
1904789 regulation of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring maintenance P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring maintenance.
1904790 regulation of telosome assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of telosome assembly.
1904791 negative regulation of telosome assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telosome assembly.
1904792 positive regulation of telosome assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telosome assembly.
1904793 regulation of euchromatin binding P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of euchromatin binding.
1904794 negative regulation of euchromatin binding P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of euchromatin binding.
1904795 positive regulation of euchromatin binding P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of euchromatin binding.
1904796 regulation of core promoter binding P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of core promoter binding.
1904797 negative regulation of core promoter binding P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of core promoter binding.
1904798 positive regulation of core promoter binding P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of core promoter binding.
1904799 regulation of neuron remodeling P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron remodeling.
1904800 negative regulation of neuron remodeling P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron remodeling.
1904801 positive regulation of neuron remodeling P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron remodeling.
1904802 RITS complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a RITS complex.
1904803 regulation of translation involved in cellular response to UV P Any regulation of translation that is involved in cellular response to UV.
1904804 response to latrunculin A P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a latrunculin A stimulus.
1904805 cellular response to latrunculin A P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a latrunculin A stimulus.
1904806 regulation of protein oxidation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein oxidation.
1904807 negative regulation of protein oxidation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein oxidation.
1904808 positive regulation of protein oxidation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein oxidation.
1904809 regulation of dense core granule transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dense core granule transport.
1904810 negative regulation of dense core granule transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dense core granule transport.
1904811 positive regulation of dense core granule transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dense core granule transport.
1904812 rRNA acetylation involved in maturation of SSU-rRNA P Any rRNA acetylation that is involved in maturation of SSU-rRNA.
1904813 ficolin-1-rich granule lumen C Any membrane-enclosed lumen that is part of a ficolin-1-rich granule.
1904814 regulation of protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region.
1904815 negative regulation of protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region.
1904816 positive regulation of protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region.
1904817 serous membrane development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a serous membrane over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
1904818 visceral peritoneum development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a visceral peritoneum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
1904819 parietal peritoneum development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a parietal peritoneum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
1904820 peritoneum development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a peritoneum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
1904821 chloroplast disassembly P The disaggregation of a chloroplast into its constituent components.
1904822 ubiquitin protein ligase activity involved in chloroplast disassembly F Any ubiquitin protein ligase activity that is involved in chloroplast disassembly.
1904823 purine nucleobase transmembrane transport P The directed movement of purine nucleobase across a membrane.
1904824 anaphase-promoting complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an anaphase-promoting complex.
1904825 protein localization to microtubule plus-end P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location at a microtubule plus-end.
1904826 regulation of hydrogen sulfide biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen sulfide biosynthetic process.
1904827 negative regulation of hydrogen sulfide biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen sulfide biosynthetic process.
1904828 positive regulation of hydrogen sulfide biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen sulfide biosynthetic process.
1904829 regulation of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation.
1904830 negative regulation of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation.
1904831 positive regulation of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation.
1904832 negative regulation of removal of superoxide radicals P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of removal of superoxide radicals.
1904833 positive regulation of removal of superoxide radicals P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of removal of superoxide radicals.
1904834 nuclear CENP-A containing chromatin C Any CENP-A containing chromatin that is part of nuclear chromatin.
1904835 dorsal root ganglion morphogenesis P The developmental process by which a dorsal root ganglion is generated and organized.
1904836 facioacoustic ganglion morphogenesis P The developmental process by which an acoustico-facial VII-VIII ganglion complex is generated and organized.
1904837 beta-catenin-TCF complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a beta-catenin-TCF complex.
1904838 regulation of male germ-line stem cell asymmetric division P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of male germ-line stem cell asymmetric division.
1904839 negative regulation of male germ-line stem cell asymmetric division P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of male germ-line stem cell asymmetric division.
1904840 positive regulation of male germ-line stem cell asymmetric division P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of male germ-line stem cell asymmetric division.
1904841 TORC2 complex binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a TORC2 complex.
1904842 response to nitroglycerin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitroglycerin stimulus.
1904843 cellular response to nitroglycerin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitroglycerin stimulus.
1904844 response to L-glutamine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-glutamine stimulus.
1904845 cellular response to L-glutamine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-glutamine stimulus.
1904846 negative regulation of establishment of bipolar cell polarity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of bipolar cell polarity.
1904847 regulation of cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor.
1904848 negative regulation of cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor.
1904849 positive regulation of cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor.
1904850 negative regulation of establishment of protein localization to telomere P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of protein localization to telomere.
1904851 positive regulation of establishment of protein localization to telomere P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of protein localization to telomere.
1904852 trimethylamine-N-oxide reductase (cytochrome c) complex C A protein complex which is capable of trimethylamine-N-oxide reductase (cytochrome c) activity.
1904853 protein localization to ascospore wall P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an ascospore wall.
1904854 proteasome core complex binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a proteasome core complex.
1904855 proteasome regulatory particle binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a proteasome regulatory particle.
1904856 cytolytic granule lumen C Any cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle lumen that is part of a cytolytic granule.
1904857 regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor.
1904858 negative regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor.
1904859 positive regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor.
1904860 DNA biosynthetic process involved in mitotic DNA replication P Any DNA biosynthetic process that is involved in mitotic DNA replication.
1904861 excitatory synapse assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an excitatory synapse.
1904862 inhibitory synapse assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an inhibitory synapse.
1904863 regulation of beta-catenin-TCF complex assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of beta-catenin-TCF complex assembly.
1904864 negative regulation of beta-catenin-TCF complex assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of beta-catenin-TCF complex assembly.
1904865 positive regulation of beta-catenin-TCF complex assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of beta-catenin-TCF complex assembly.
1904866 ventral tegmental area development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a ventral tegmental area (VTA) over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
1904867 protein localization to Cajal body P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a Cajal body.
1904868 telomerase catalytic core complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a telomerase catalytic core complex.
1904869 regulation of protein localization to Cajal body P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to Cajal body.
1904870 negative regulation of protein localization to Cajal body P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to Cajal body.
1904871 positive regulation of protein localization to Cajal body P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to Cajal body.
1904872 regulation of telomerase RNA localization to Cajal body P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of telomerase RNA localization to Cajal body.
1904873 negative regulation of telomerase RNA localization to Cajal body P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telomerase RNA localization to Cajal body.
1904874 positive regulation of telomerase RNA localization to Cajal body P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telomerase RNA localization to Cajal body.
1904875 regulation of DNA ligase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA ligase activity.
1904876 negative regulation of DNA ligase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA ligase activity.
1904877 positive regulation of DNA ligase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA ligase activity.
1904878 negative regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channel P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channel.
1904879 positive regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channel P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channel.
1904880 response to hydrogen sulfide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen sulfide stimulus.
1904881 cellular response to hydrogen sulfide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen sulfide stimulus.
1904882 regulation of telomerase catalytic core complex assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of telomerase catalytic core complex assembly.
1904883 negative regulation of telomerase catalytic core complex assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telomerase catalytic core complex assembly.
1904884 positive regulation of telomerase catalytic core complex assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telomerase catalytic core complex assembly.
1904885 beta-catenin destruction complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a beta-catenin destruction complex.
1904886 beta-catenin destruction complex disassembly P The disaggregation of a beta-catenin destruction complex into its constituent components.
1904887 Wnt signalosome assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a Wnt signalosome.
1904888 cranial skeletal system development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cranial skeletal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cranial skeletal system is the skeletal subdivision of the head, and includes the skull (cranium plus mandible), pharyngeal and/or hyoid apparatus.
1904889 regulation of excitatory synapse assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of excitatory synapse assembly.
1904890 negative regulation of excitatory synapse assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of excitatory synapse assembly.
1904891 positive regulation of excitatory synapse assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of excitatory synapse assembly.
1904892 regulation of STAT cascade P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of STAT cascade.
1904893 negative regulation of STAT cascade P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of STAT cascade.
1904894 positive regulation of STAT cascade P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of STAT cascade.
1904895 ESCRT complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an ESCRT complex.
1904896 ESCRT complex disassembly P The disaggregation of an ESCRT complex into its constituent components.
1904897 regulation of hepatic stellate cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell proliferation.
1904898 negative regulation of hepatic stellate cell proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell proliferation.
1904899 positive regulation of hepatic stellate cell proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell proliferation.
1904900 negative regulation of myosin II filament organization P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myosin II filament organization.
1904901 positive regulation of myosin II filament organization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myosin II filament organization.
1904902 ESCRT III complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an ESCRT III complex.
1904903 ESCRT III complex disassembly P The disaggregation of an ESCRT III complex into its constituent components.
1904904 regulation of endothelial cell-matrix adhesion via fibronectin P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell-matrix adhesion via fibronectin.
1904905 negative regulation of endothelial cell-matrix adhesion via fibronectin P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell-matrix adhesion via fibronectin.
1904906 positive regulation of endothelial cell-matrix adhesion via fibronectin P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell-matrix adhesion via fibronectin.
1904907 regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, telomeric P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, telomeric.
1904908 negative regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, telomeric P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, telomeric.
1904909 positive regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, telomeric P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, telomeric.
1904910 regulation of establishment of RNA localization to telomere P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of RNA localization to telomere.
1904911 negative regulation of establishment of RNA localization to telomere P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of RNA localization to telomere.
1904912 positive regulation of establishment of RNA localization to telomere P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of RNA localization to telomere.
1904913 regulation of establishment of macromolecular complex localization to telomere P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of macromolecular complex localization to telomere.
1904914 negative regulation of establishment of macromolecular complex localization to telomere P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of macromolecular complex localization to telomere.
1904915 positive regulation of establishment of macromolecular complex localization to telomere P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of macromolecular complex localization to telomere.
1904916 transmembrane L-lysine transport from lysosomal lumen to cytosol P The directed movement of L-lysine across a membrane from lysosomal lumen to cytosol.
1904917 transmembrane L-arginine transport from lysosomal lumen to cytosol P The directed movement of L-arginine across a membrane from lysosomal lumen to cytosol.
1904918 transmembrane L-histidine transport from lysosomal lumen to cytosol P The directed movement of L-histidine across a membrane from lysosomal lumen to cytosol.
1904919 transmembrane L-cystine transport from lysosomal lumen to cytosol P The directed movement of L-cystine across a membrane from lysosomal lumen to cytosol.
1904920 regulation of MAPK cascade involved in axon regeneration P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of MAPK cascade involved in axon regeneration.
1904921 negative regulation of MAPK cascade involved in axon regeneration P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of MAPK cascade involved in axon regeneration.
1904922 positive regulation of MAPK cascade involved in axon regeneration P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of MAPK cascade involved in axon regeneration.
1904923 regulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization.
1904924 negative regulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization.
1904925 positive regulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization.
1904926 response to palmitoleic acid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a palmitoleic acid stimulus.
1904927 cellular response to palmitoleic acid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a palmitoleic acid stimulus.
1904928 coreceptor activity involved in canonical Wnt signaling pathway F Any coreceptor activity that is involved in a canonical Wnt signaling pathway.
1904929 coreceptor activity involved in Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway F Any coreceptor activity that is involved in Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway.
1904930 amphisome membrane C Any membrane that is part of an amphisome.
1904931 MCM complex binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an MCM complex.
1904932 negative regulation of cartilage condensation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cartilage condensation.
1904933 regulation of cell proliferation in midbrain P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in midbrain.
1904934 negative regulation of cell proliferation in midbrain P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in midbrain.
1904935 positive regulation of cell proliferation in midbrain P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in midbrain.
1904936 interneuron migration P The orderly movement of an interneuron from one site to another.
1904937 sensory neuron migration P The orderly movement of a sensory neuron from one site to another.
1904938 planar cell polarity pathway involved in axon guidance P Any Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway that is involved in axon guidance.
1904939 regulation of DNA nucleotidylexotransferase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA nucleotidylexotransferase activity.
1904940 negative regulation of DNA nucleotidylexotransferase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA nucleotidylexotransferase activity.
1904941 positive regulation of DNA nucleotidylexotransferase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA nucleotidylexotransferase activity.
1904942 regulation of cardiac ventricle formation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac ventricle formation.
1904943 negative regulation of cardiac ventricle formation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac ventricle formation.
1904944 positive regulation of cardiac ventricle formation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac ventricle formation.
1904947 folic acid import into mitochondrion P The directed movement of folic acid into a mitochondrion.
1904948 midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a midbrain dopaminergic neuron.
1904949 ATPase complex C A protein complex which is capable of ATPase activity.
1904950 negative regulation of establishment of protein localization P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of protein localization.
1904951 positive regulation of establishment of protein localization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of protein localization.
1904952 hydroxycinnamic acid transport P The directed movement of a hydroxycinnamic acid into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
1904953 Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation P Any Wnt signaling pathway that is involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation.
1904954 canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation P Any canonical Wnt signaling pathway that is involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation.
1904955 planar cell polarity pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation P Any Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway that is involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation.
1904956 regulation of midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation.
1904957 negative regulation of midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation.
1904958 positive regulation of midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation.
1904959 regulation of cytochrome-c oxidase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytochrome-c oxidase activity.
1904960 positive regulation of cytochrome-c oxidase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytochrome-c oxidase activity.
1904961 quiescent center organization P The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the quiescent center. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.
1904962 plastid to vacuole vesicle-mediated transport P The vesicle-mediated and directed movement of substances from plastid to vacuole.
1904963 regulation of phytol biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phytol biosynthetic process.
1904964 positive regulation of phytol biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phytol biosynthetic process.
1904965 regulation of vitamin E biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vitamin E biosynthetic process.
1904966 positive regulation of vitamin E biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vitamin E biosynthetic process.
1904967 regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in homologous chromosome segregation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in homologous chromosome segregation.
1904968 positive regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in homologous chromosome segregation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in homologous chromosome segregation.
1904969 slow muscle cell migration P The orderly movement of a slow muscle cell from one site to another.
1904970 brush border assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of adjacent microvilli through the formation of Ca(2+)-dependent adhesion links between them, forming a brush border.
1904971 regulation of viral translation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral translation.
1904972 negative regulation of viral translation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral translation.
1904973 positive regulation of viral translation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral translation.
1904974 heparanase complex C A protein complex which is capable of heparanase activity.
1904975 response to bleomycin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bleomycin stimulus.
1904976 cellular response to bleomycin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bleomycin stimulus.
1904977 lymphatic endothelial cell migration P The orderly movement of a lymphatic endothelial cell from one site to another in the wall of a lymphatic vessel.
1904978 regulation of endosome organization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endosome organization.
1904979 negative regulation of endosome organization P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endosome organization.
1904980 positive regulation of endosome organization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endosome organization.
1904981 maltose transmembrane transport P The directed movement of maltose across a membrane.
1904982 sucrose transmembrane transport P The directed movement of sucrose across a membrane.
1904983 transmembrane glycine transport from cytosol to mitochondrion P The directed movement of glycine across a membrane from cytosol to mitochondrion.
1904984 regulation of quinolinate biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of quinolinate biosynthetic process.
1904985 negative regulation of quinolinate biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of quinolinate biosynthetic process.
1904986 positive regulation of quinolinate biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of quinolinate biosynthetic process.
1904987 regulation of endothelial cell activation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell activation.
1904988 negative regulation of endothelial cell activation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell activation.
1904989 positive regulation of endothelial cell activation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell activation.
1904990 regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway.
1904991 negative regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway.
1904992 positive regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway.
1904994 regulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell.
1904995 negative regulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell.
1904996 positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell.
1904997 regulation of leukocyte adhesion to arterial endothelial cell P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte adhesion to arterial endothelial cell.
1904998 negative regulation of leukocyte adhesion to arterial endothelial cell P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte adhesion to arterial endothelial cell.
1904999 positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion to arterial endothelial cell P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte adhesion to arterial endothelial cell.
1905000 regulation of membrane repolarization during atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of membrane repolarization during atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential.
1905001 negative regulation of membrane repolarization during atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of membrane repolarization during atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential.
1905002 positive regulation of membrane repolarization during atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane repolarization during atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential.
1905003 picolinic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving picolinic acid.
1905004 picolinic acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of picolinic acid.
1905005 regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation.
1905006 negative regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation.
1905007 positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation.
1905008 regulation of L-lysine import into cell P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-lysine import into cell.
1905009 negative regulation of L-lysine import into cell P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-lysine import into cell.
1905010 positive regulation of L-lysine import into cell P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-lysine import into cell.
1905011 transmembrane phosphate ion transport from cytosol to vacuole P The directed movement of phosphate ions across a membrane from the cytosol into a vacuole.
1905012 regulation of 'de novo' NAD biosynthetic process from tryptophan P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of 'de novo' NAD biosynthetic process from tryptophan.
1905013 negative regulation of 'de novo' NAD biosynthetic process from tryptophan P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of 'de novo' NAD biosynthetic process from tryptophan.
1905014 positive regulation of 'de novo' NAD biosynthetic process from tryptophan P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of 'de novo' NAD biosynthetic process from tryptophan.
1905015 regulation of isoleucine-tRNA ligase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of isoleucine-tRNA ligase activity.
1905016 negative regulation of isoleucine-tRNA ligase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of isoleucine-tRNA ligase activity.
1905017 positive regulation of isoleucine-tRNA ligase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isoleucine-tRNA ligase activity.
1905018 regulation of methionine-tRNA ligase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of methionine-tRNA ligase activity.
1905019 negative regulation of methionine-tRNA ligase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of methionine-tRNA ligase activity.
1905020 positive regulation of methionine-tRNA ligase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of methionine-tRNA ligase activity.
1905021 regulation of threonine-tRNA ligase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of threonine-tRNA ligase activity.
1905022 negative regulation of threonine-tRNA ligase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of threonine-tRNA ligase activity.
1905023 positive regulation of threonine-tRNA ligase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of threonine-tRNA ligase activity.
1905024 regulation of membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential.
1905025 negative regulation of membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential.
1905026 positive regulation of membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential.
1905027 regulation of membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential.
1905028 negative regulation of membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential.
1905029 positive regulation of membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential.
1905030 voltage-gated ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential F Any voltage-gated ion channel activity that is involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential.
1905031 regulation of membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential.
1905032 negative regulation of membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential.
1905033 positive regulation of membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential.
1905034 regulation of antifungal innate immune response P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an antifungal innate immune response.
1905035 negative regulation of antifungal innate immune response P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an antifungal innate immune response.
1905036 positive regulation of antifungal innate immune response P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an antifungal innate immune response.
1905037 autophagosome organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an autophagosome.
1905038 regulation of membrane lipid metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of membrane lipid metabolic process.
1905039 carboxylic acid transmembrane transport P The directed movement of carboxylic acid across a membrane.
1905040 otic placode development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an otic placode over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
1905041 regulation of epithelium regeneration P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelium regeneration.
1905042 negative regulation of epithelium regeneration P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelium regeneration.
1905043 positive regulation of epithelium regeneration P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelium regeneration.
1905044 regulation of Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration.
1905045 negative regulation of Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration.
1905046 positive regulation of Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration.
1905047 mitotic spindle pole body organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitotic spindle pole body.
1905048 regulation of metallopeptidase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metallopeptidase activity.
1905049 negative regulation of metallopeptidase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metallopeptidase activity.
1905050 positive regulation of metallopeptidase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metallopeptidase activity.
1905051 regulation of base-excision repair P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of base-excision repair.
1905052 negative regulation of base-excision repair P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of base-excision repair.
1905053 positive regulation of base-excision repair P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of base-excision repair.
1905054 calcium-induced calcium release activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration F Any calcium-induced calcium release activity that is involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.
1905055 calcium:cation antiporter activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration F Any calcium:cation antiporter activity that is involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.
1905056 calcium-transporting ATPase activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration F Any calcium-transporting ATPase activity that is involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.
1905057 voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium levels F Any voltage-gated calcium channel activity that is involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.
1905058 calcium-induced calcium release activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration F Any calcium-induced calcium release activity that is involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.
1905059 calcium-transporting ATPase activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration F Any calcium-transporting ATPase activity that is involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.
1905060 calcium:cation antiporter activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration F Any calcium:cation antiporter activity that is involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.
1905061 negative regulation of cardioblast proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation.
1905062 positive regulation of cardioblast proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation.
1905063 regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation.
1905064 negative regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation.
1905065 positive regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation.
1905066 regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development.
1905067 negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development.
1905068 positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development.
1905069 allantois development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an allantois over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
1905070 anterior visceral endoderm cell migration P The orderly movement of an anterior visceral endoderm cell from one site to another.
1905071 occluding junction disassembly P The disaggregation of an occluding junction into its constituent components.
1905072 cardiac jelly development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac jelly over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
1905073 regulation of occluding junction disassembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of occluding junction disassembly.
1905074 negative regulation of occluding junction disassembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of occluding junction disassembly.
1905075 positive regulation of occluding junction disassembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of occluding junction disassembly.
1905076 regulation of interleukin-17 secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-17 secretion.
1905077 negative regulation of interleukin-17 secretion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-17 secretion.
1905078 positive regulation of interleukin-17 secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-17 secretion.
1905079 regulation of cerebellar neuron development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cerebellar neuron development.
1905080 negative regulation of cerebellar neuron development P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cerebellar neuron development.
1905081 positive regulation of cerebellar neuron development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cerebellar neuron development.
1905082 regulation of mitochondrial translational elongation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial translational elongation.
1905083 negative regulation of mitochondrial translational elongation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial translational elongation.
1905084 positive regulation of mitochondrial translational elongation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial translational elongation.
1905085 regulation of bioluminescence P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bioluminescence.
1905086 negative regulation of bioluminescence P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bioluminescence.
1905087 positive regulation of bioluminescence P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bioluminescence.
1905088 positive regulation of synaptonemal complex assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptonemal complex assembly.
1905089 regulation of parkin-mediated mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of parkin-mediated mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization.
1905090 negative regulation of parkin-mediated mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of parkin-mediated mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization.
1905091 positive regulation of parkin-mediated mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of parkin-mediated mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization.
1905092 response to diosgenin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diosgenin stimulus.
1905093 cellular response to diosgenin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diosgenin stimulus.
1905094 regulation of apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathway.
1905095 negative regulation of apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathway.
1905096 positive regulation of apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathway.
1905097 regulation of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity.
1905098 negative regulation of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity.
1905099 positive regulation of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity.
1905100 regulation of apoptosome assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptosome assembly.
1905101 negative regulation of apoptosome assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptosome assembly.
1905102 positive regulation of apoptosome assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptosome assembly.
1905103 integral component of lysosomal membrane C The component of the lysosome membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
1905108 guanosine binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with guanosine.
1905109 regulation of pulmonary blood vessel remodeling P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pulmonary blood vessel remodeling.
1905110 negative regulation of pulmonary blood vessel remodeling P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pulmonary blood vessel remodeling.
1905111 positive regulation of pulmonary blood vessel remodeling P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pulmonary blood vessel remodeling.
1905112 regulation of centromere clustering at the mitotic nuclear envelope P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of centromere clustering at the nuclear envelope.
1905113 positive regulation of centromere clustering at the mitotic nuclear envelope P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of centromere clustering at the nuclear envelope.
1905114 cell surface receptor signaling pathway involved in cell-cell signaling P Any cell surface receptor signaling pathway that is involved in cell-cell signaling.
1905115 regulation of lateral attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lateral attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore.
1905116 positive regulation of lateral attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lateral attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore.
1905117 regulation of ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity.
1905118 positive regulation of ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity.
1905119 response to haloperidol P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a haloperidol stimulus.
1905120 cellular response to haloperidol P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a haloperidol stimulus.
1905121 microtubule sliding involved in mitotic spindle elongation P Any microtubule sliding that is involved in mitotic spindle elongation.
1905122 polyamine import P The directed movement of polyamine macromolecule into a cell or organelle.
1905123 regulation of glucosylceramidase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucosylceramidase activity.
1905124 negative regulation of glucosylceramidase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucosylceramidase activity.
1905125 positive regulation of glucosylceramidase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucosylceramidase activity.
1905126 regulation of axo-dendritic protein transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axo-dendritic protein transport.
1905127 negative regulation of axo-dendritic protein transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axo-dendritic protein transport.
1905128 positive regulation of axo-dendritic protein transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axo-dendritic protein transport.
1905129 endocannabinoid signaling pathway involved in trans-synaptic signaling P Any endocannabinoid signaling pathway that is involved in trans-synaptic signaling by endocannabinoid.
1905130 carcinine import across plasma membrane P The directed movement of carcinine from outside of a cell into the cytoplasmic compartment.
1905131 carcinine transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of carcinine from one side of the membrane to the other.
1905132 regulation of meiotic chromosome separation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic chromosome separation.
1905133 negative regulation of meiotic chromosome separation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic chromosome separation.
1905134 positive regulation of meiotic chromosome separation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic chromosome separation.
1905135 biotin import across plasma membrane P The directed movement of biotin from outside of a cell into the cytoplasmic compartment.
1905136 dethiobiotin import across plasma membrane P The directed movement of dethiobiotin from outside of a cell into the cytoplasmic compartment.
1905137 regulation of viral DNA genome packaging via site-specific sequence recognition P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral DNA genome packaging via site-specific sequence recognition.
1905138 positive regulation of viral DNA genome packaging via site-specific sequence recognition P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral DNA genome packaging via site-specific sequence recognition.
1905139 apical ectodermal ridge formation P The process that gives rise to the apical ectodermal ridge. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
1905140 regulation of apical ectodermal ridge formation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apical ectodermal ridge formation.
1905141 negative regulation of apical ectodermal ridge formation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apical ectodermal ridge formation.
1905142 positive regulation of apical ectodermal ridge formation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apical ectodermal ridge formation.
1905143 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 complex.
1905144 response to acetylcholine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acetylcholine stimulus.
1905145 cellular response to acetylcholine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acetylcholine stimulus.
1905146 lysosomal protein catabolic process P Any cellular protein catabolic process that takes place in a lysosome.
1905147 regulation of smooth muscle hypertrophy P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle hypertrophy.
1905148 negative regulation of smooth muscle hypertrophy P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle hypertrophy.
1905149 positive regulation of smooth muscle hypertrophy P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle hypertrophy.
1905150 regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated sodium channel activity.
1905151 negative regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated sodium channel activity.
1905152 positive regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated sodium channel activity.
1905153 regulation of membrane invagination P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of membrane invagination.
1905154 negative regulation of membrane invagination P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of membrane invagination.
1905155 positive regulation of membrane invagination P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane invagination.
1905156 negative regulation of photosynthesis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of photosynthesis.
1905157 positive regulation of photosynthesis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of photosynthesis.
1905161 protein localization to phagocytic vesicle P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a phagocytic vesicle.
1905162 regulation of phagosome maturation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phagosome maturation.
1905163 negative regulation of phagosome maturation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phagosome maturation.
1905164 positive regulation of phagosome maturation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phagosome maturation.
1905165 regulation of lysosomal protein catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lysosomal protein catabolic process.
1905166 negative regulation of lysosomal protein catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lysosomal protein catabolic process.
1905167 positive regulation of lysosomal protein catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lysosomal protein catabolic process.
1905168 positive regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination.
1905169 regulation of protein localization to phagocytic vesicle P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to phagocytic vesicle.
1905170 negative regulation of protein localization to phagocytic vesicle P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to phagocytic vesicle.
1905171 positive regulation of protein localization to phagocytic vesicle P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to phagocytic vesicle.
1905172 RISC complex binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a RISC complex.
1905173 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B complex.
1905174 regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation.
1905175 negative regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation.
1905176 positive regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation.
1905177 tracheary element differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a tracheary element.
1905178 regulation of cardiac muscle tissue regeneration P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle tissue regeneration.
1905179 negative regulation of cardiac muscle tissue regeneration P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle tissue regeneration.
1905180 positive regulation of cardiac muscle tissue regeneration P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle tissue regeneration.
1905181 regulation of urease activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of urease activity.
1905182 positive regulation of urease activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of urease activity.
1905183 negative regulation of protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity.
1905184 positive regulation of protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity.
1905185 microtubule sliding involved in mitotic metaphase chromosome recapture P Any microtubule sliding that is involved in mitotic metaphase chromosome recapture.
1905186 regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiosis I P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiosis I.
1905187 negative regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiosis I P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiosis I.
1905188 positive regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiosis I P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiosis I.
1905189 regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiosis II P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiosis II.
1905190 negative regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiosis II P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiosis II.
1905191 positive regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiosis II P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiosis II.
1905192 regulation of chloroplast fission P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chloroplast fission.
1905193 negative regulation of chloroplast fission P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chloroplast fission.
1905194 positive regulation of chloroplast fission P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chloroplast fission.
1905195 regulation of ATPase activity, uncoupled P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ATPase activity, uncoupled.
1905196 positive regulation of ATPase activity, uncoupled P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ATPase activity, uncoupled.
1905197 endocannabinoid signaling pathway involved in retrograde trans-synaptic signaling P Any endocannabinoid signaling pathway that is involved in retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by endocannabinoid.
1905198 manchette assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a manchette.
1905199 manchette disassembly P The disaggregation of a manchette into its constituent components.
1905200 gibberellic acid transmembrane transport P The directed movement of gibberellic acid across a membrane.
1905201 gibberellin transmembrane transporter activity F Catalysis of the transfer of gibberellin from one side of the membrane to the other.
1905202 methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase complex C A protein complex which is capable of methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase activity.
1905203 regulation of connective tissue replacement P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of connective tissue replacement.
1905204 negative regulation of connective tissue replacement P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of connective tissue replacement.
1905205 positive regulation of connective tissue replacement P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of connective tissue replacement.
1905206 positive regulation of hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death in response to hydrogen peroxide.
1905207 regulation of cardiocyte differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiocyte differentiation.
1905208 negative regulation of cardiocyte differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiocyte differentiation.
1905209 positive regulation of cardiocyte differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiocyte differentiation.
1905210 regulation of fibroblast chemotaxis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast chemotaxis.
1905211 negative regulation of fibroblast chemotaxis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast chemotaxis.
1905212 positive regulation of fibroblast chemotaxis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast chemotaxis.
1905213 negative regulation of mitotic chromosome condensation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic chromosome condensation.
1905214 regulation of RNA binding P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA binding.
1905215 negative regulation of RNA binding P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA binding.
1905216 positive regulation of RNA binding P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA binding.
1905217 response to astaxanthin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an astaxanthin stimulus.
1905218 cellular response to astaxanthin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an astaxanthin stimulus.
1905219 regulation of platelet formation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of platelet formation.
1905220 negative regulation of platelet formation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of platelet formation.
1905221 positive regulation of platelet formation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of platelet formation.
1905222 atrioventricular canal morphogenesis P The developmental process by which an atrioventricular canal is generated and organized.
1905223 epicardium morphogenesis P The developmental process by which an epicardium is generated and organized.
1905224 clathrin-coated pit assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a clathrin-coated pit.
1905225 response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulus. TRH increases the secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone by the anterior pituitary.
1905226 regulation of adhesion of symbiont to host epithelial cell P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adhesion of symbiont to host epithelial cell.
1905227 negative regulation of adhesion of symbiont to host epithelial cell P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adhesion of symbiont to host epithelial cell.
1905228 positive regulation of adhesion of symbiont to host epithelial cell P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adhesion of symbiont to host epithelial cell.
1905229 cellular response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulus. TRH increases the secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone by the anterior pituitary.
1905230 response to borneol P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a borneol stimulus.
1905231 cellular response to borneol P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a borneol stimulus.
1905232 cellular response to L-glutamate P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-glutamate(1-) stimulus.
1905233 response to codeine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a codeine stimulus.
1905234 cellular response to codeine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a codeine stimulus.
1905235 response to quercetin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a quercetin stimulus.
1905236 cellular response to quercetin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a quercetin stimulus.
1905237 response to cyclosporin A P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cyclosporin A stimulus.
1905238 cellular response to cyclosporin A P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cyclosporin A stimulus.
1905239 regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation.
1905240 negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation.
1905241 positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation.
1905242 response to 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine stimulus.
1905243 cellular response to 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine stimulus.
1905244 regulation of modification of synaptic structure P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of modification of synaptic structure.
1905245 regulation of aspartic-type peptidase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aspartic-type peptidase activity.
1905246 negative regulation of aspartic-type peptidase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aspartic-type peptidase activity.
1905247 positive regulation of aspartic-type peptidase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aspartic-type peptidase activity.
1905251 epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process P Any epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway that is involved in heart process.
1905255 regulation of RNA binding transcription factor activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA binding transcription factor activity.
1905256 negative regulation of RNA binding transcription factor activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA binding transcription factor activity.
1905257 positive regulation of RNA binding transcription factor activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA binding transcription factor activity.
1905258 regulation of nitrosative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to nitrosative stress.
1905259 negative regulation of nitrosative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to nitrosative stress.
1905260 positive regulation of nitrosative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to nitrosative stress.
1905261 regulation of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination.
1905262 negative regulation of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination.
1905263 positive regulation of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination.
1905264 blasticidin S metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving blasticidin S.
1905265 blasticidin S catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of blasticidin S.
1905266 blasticidin S biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of blasticidin S.
1905267 endonucleolytic cleavage involved in tRNA processing P Any endonucleolytic RNA phosphodiester bond hydrolysis that is involved in tRNA processing.
1905268 negative regulation of chromatin organization P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin organization.
1905269 positive regulation of chromatin organization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin organization.
1905270 Meynert cell differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a Meynert cell.
1905271 regulation of proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism.
1905272 negative regulation of proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism.
1905273 positive regulation of proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism.
1905274 regulation of modification of postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of modification of postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton.
1905275 Rohon-Beard neuron differentiation P The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a Rohon-Beard neuron.
1905276 regulation of epithelial tube formation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial tube formation.
1905277 negative regulation of epithelial tube formation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial tube formation.
1905278 positive regulation of epithelial tube formation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial tube formation.
1905279 regulation of retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi.
1905280 negative regulation of retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi.
1905281 positive regulation of retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi.
1905282 regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process.
1905283 negative regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process.
1905284 positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process.
1905285 fibrous ring of heart morphogenesis P The developmental process by which a fibrous ring of heart is generated and organized.
1905286 serine-type peptidase complex C A protein complex which is capable of serine-type peptidase activity.
1905287 positive regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle involved in cellular response to nitrogen starvation P Any positive regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle that is involved in cellular response to nitrogen starvation.
1905288 vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process P Any apoptotic process in a vascular associated smooth muscle cell.
1905289 regulation of CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade.
1905290 negative regulation of CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade.
1905291 positive regulation of CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade.
1905292 regulation of neural crest cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neural crest cell differentiation.
1905293 negative regulation of neural crest cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neural crest cell differentiation.
1905294 positive regulation of neural crest cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neural crest cell differentiation.
1905295 regulation of neural crest cell fate specification P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neural crest cell fate specification.
1905296 negative regulation of neural crest cell fate specification P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neural crest cell fate specification.
1905297 positive regulation of neural crest cell fate specification P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neural crest cell fate specification.
1905298 regulation of intestinal epithelial cell development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal epithelial cell development.
1905299 negative regulation of intestinal epithelial cell development P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal epithelial cell development.
1905300 positive regulation of intestinal epithelial cell development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal epithelial cell development.
1905301 regulation of macropinocytosis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macropinocytosis.
1905302 negative regulation of macropinocytosis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macropinocytosis.
1905303 positive regulation of macropinocytosis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macropinocytosis.
1905304 regulation of cardiac myofibril assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac myofibril assembly.
1905305 negative regulation of cardiac myofibril assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac myofibril assembly.
1905306 positive regulation of cardiac myofibril assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac myofibril assembly.
1905307 response to miconazole P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a miconazole stimulus.
1905308 cellular response to miconazole P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a miconazole stimulus.
1905309 positive regulation of cohesin loading P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cohesin loading.
1905310 regulation of cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.
1905311 negative regulation of cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.
1905312 positive regulation of cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.
1905313 transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway involved in heart development P Any transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway that is involved in heart development.
1905314 semi-lunar valve development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a semi-lunar valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
1905315 cell proliferation involved in endocardial cushion morphogenesis P Any cell proliferation that is involved in endocardial cushion morphogenesis.
1905316 superior endocardial cushion morphogenesis P The developmental process by which a superior endocardial cushion is generated and organized.
1905317 inferior endocardial cushion morphogenesis P The developmental process by which an inferior endocardial cushion is generated and organized.
1905318 meiosis I spindle assembly checkpoint P Any spindle assembly checkpoint that is involved in meiosis I.
1905319 mesenchymal stem cell migration P The orderly movement of a mesenchymal stem cell from one site to another.
1905320 regulation of mesenchymal stem cell migration P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell migration.
1905321 negative regulation of mesenchymal stem cell migration P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell migration.
1905322 positive regulation of mesenchymal stem cell migration P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell migration.
1905323 telomerase holoenzyme complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a telomerase holoenzyme complex.
1905324 telomere-telomerase complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a telomere-telomerase complex.
1905325 regulation of meiosis I spindle assembly checkpoint P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the meiosis I spindle assembly checkpoint.
1905326 positive regulation of meiosis I spindle assembly checkpoint P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the meiosis I spindle assembly checkpoint.
1905327 tracheoesophageal septum formation P The process that gives rise to the tracheoesophageal septum. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
1905328 plant septum development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a septum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
1905329 sphingoid long-chain base transport P The directed movement of a sphingoid long-chain base, sometimes referred to as long-chain base, or sphingoid base, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Sphingoid long-chain bases are long-chain aliphatic amines that are the fundamental building blocks of sphingolipids. The main mammalian sphingoid long-chain bases are dihydrosphingosine and sphingosine, while dihydrosphingosine and phytosphingosine are the main sphingoid long-chain bases in yeast.
1905330 regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of morphogenesis of an epithelium.
1905331 negative regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of morphogenesis of an epithelium.
1905332 positive regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of morphogenesis of an epithelium.
1905333 regulation of gastric motility P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gastric motility.
1905334 Swi5-Sfr1 complex binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a Swi5-Sfr1 complex.
1905335 regulation of aggrephagy P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aggrephagy.
1905336 negative regulation of aggrephagy P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aggrephagy.
1905337 positive regulation of aggrephagy P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aggrephagy.
1905338 negative regulation of cohesin unloading P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cohesin unloading.
1905339 positive regulation of cohesin unloading P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cohesin unloading.
1905340 regulation of protein localization to kinetochore P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to kinetochore.
1905341 negative regulation of protein localization to kinetochore P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to kinetochore.
1905342 positive regulation of protein localization to kinetochore P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to kinetochore.
1905343 regulation of cohesin unloading P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cohesin unloading.
1905344 prostaglandin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of prostaglandin.
1905345 protein localization to cleavage furrow P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cleavage furrow.
1905346 protein localization to cleavage furrow rim P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cleavage furrow rim.
1905347 endodeoxyribonuclease complex C A protein complex which is capable of endodeoxyribonuclease activity.
1905348 endonuclease complex C A protein complex which is capable of endonuclease activity.
1905349 ciliary transition zone assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a ciliary transition zone.
1905350 Y-shaped link assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a Y-shaped link. Two distinct protein complexes are known to be involved in proper linker assembly: the MKS complex and the NPHP complex. Improper assembly of Y-shaped links may cause malfunctioning of the transition zone as a molecular gate.
1905351 pericyte cell migration P The orderly movement of a pericyte cell from one site to another.
1905352 ciliary necklace assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a ciliary necklace.
1905353 ciliary transition fiber assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a ciliary transition fiber.
1905354 exoribonuclease complex C A protein complex which is capable of exoribonuclease activity.
1905355 spine apparatus assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a spine apparatus.
1905356 regulation of snRNA pseudouridine synthesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of snRNA pseudouridine synthesis.
1905357 negative regulation of snRNA pseudouridine synthesis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of snRNA pseudouridine synthesis.
1905358 positive regulation of snRNA pseudouridine synthesis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of snRNA pseudouridine synthesis.
1905359 protein localization to meiotic spindle P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a meiotic spindle.
1905360 GTPase complex C A protein complex which is capable of GTPase activity.
1905361 L-serine transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of L-serine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
1905362 negative regulation of endosomal vesicle fusion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endosomal vesicle fusion.
1905363 positive regulation of endosomal vesicle fusion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endosomal vesicle fusion.
1905364 regulation of endosomal vesicle fusion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endosomal vesicle fusion.
1905365 regulation of intralumenal vesicle formation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intralumenal vesicle formation.
1905366 negative regulation of intralumenal vesicle formation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intralumenal vesicle formation.
1905367 positive regulation of intralumenal vesicle formation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intralumenal vesicle formation.
1905368 peptidase complex C A protein complex which is capable of peptidase activity.
1905369 endopeptidase complex C A protein complex which is capable of endopeptidase activity.
1905370 serine-type endopeptidase complex C A protein complex which is capable of serine-type endopeptidase activity.
1905371 ceramide phosphoethanolamine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving ceramide phosphoethanolamine.
1905372 ceramide phosphoethanolamine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ceramide phosphoethanolamine.
1905373 ceramide phosphoethanolamine biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ceramide phosphoethanolamine.
1905374 response to homocysteine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a homocysteine stimulus.
1905375 cellular response to homocysteine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a homocysteine stimulus.
1905376 negative regulation of cytochrome-c oxidase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytochrome-c oxidase activity.
1905377 response to D-galactose P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a D-galactose stimulus.
1905378 cellular response to D-galactose P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a D-galactose stimulus.
1905379 beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase complex C A protein complex which is capable of beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase activity.
1905380 regulation of snRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of snRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter.
1905381 negative regulation of snRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of snRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter.
1905382 positive regulation of snRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of snRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter.
1905383 protein localization to presynapse P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a presynapse.
1905384 regulation of protein localization to presynapse P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to presynapse.
1905385 negative regulation of protein localization to presynapse P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to presynapse.
1905386 positive regulation of protein localization to presynapse P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to presynapse.
1905387 response to beta-carotene P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a beta-carotene stimulus.
1905388 cellular response to beta-carotene P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a beta-carotene stimulus.
1905389 response to leukotriene B4 P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leukotriene B4 stimulus.
1905390 cellular response to leukotriene B4 P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leukotriene B4 stimulus.
1905391 regulation of protein localization to cell division site involved in cell separation after cytokinesis P Any regulation of protein localization to cell division site that is involved in cell separation after cytokinesis.
1905392 plant organ morphogenesis P The developmental process by which a plant organ is generated and organized.
1905393 plant organ formation P The process that gives rise to the plant organ. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
1905394 retromer complex binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a retromer complex.
1905395 response to flavonoid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a flavonoid stimulus.
1905396 cellular response to flavonoid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a flavonoid stimulus.
1905397 activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process P Any apoptotic process in an activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell.
1905398 activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process P Any apoptotic process in an activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell.
1905399 regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process.
1905400 negative regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process.
1905401 positive regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process.
1905402 regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process.
1905403 negative regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process.
1905404 positive regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process.
1905405 regulation of mitotic cohesin loading P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cohesin loading.
1905406 positive regulation of mitotic cohesin loading P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cohesin loading.
1905407 regulation of creatine transmembrane transporter activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of creatine transmembrane transporter activity.
1905408 negative regulation of creatine transmembrane transporter activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of creatine transmembrane transporter activity.
1905409 positive regulation of creatine transmembrane transporter activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of creatine transmembrane transporter activity.
1905410 regulation of mitotic cohesin unloading P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cohesin unloading.
1905411 positive regulation of mitotic cohesin unloading P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cohesin unloading.
1905412 negative regulation of mitotic cohesin loading P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cohesin loading.
1905413 regulation of dense core granule exocytosis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dense core granule exocytosis.
1905414 negative regulation of dense core granule exocytosis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dense core granule exocytosis.
1905415 positive regulation of dense core granule exocytosis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dense core granule exocytosis.
1905416 regulation of amoeboid sperm motility P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amoeboid sperm motility.
1905417 negative regulation of amoeboid sperm motility P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of amoeboid sperm motility.
1905418 positive regulation of amoeboid sperm motility P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of amoeboid sperm motility.
1905419 sperm flagellum movement involved in flagellated sperm motility P Any sperm flagellum movement that is involved in flagellated sperm motility.
1905420 vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching P Any vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation that is involved in phenotypic switching.
1905421 regulation of plant organ morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plant organ morphogenesis.
1905422 negative regulation of plant organ morphogenesis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of plant organ morphogenesis.
1905423 positive regulation of plant organ morphogenesis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of plant organ morphogenesis.
1905424 regulation of Wnt-mediated midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation.
1905425 negative regulation of Wnt-mediated midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation.
1905426 positive regulation of Wnt-mediated midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation.
1905427 intracellular signal transduction involved in positive regulation of cell growth P Any intracellular signal transduction that is involved in positive regulation of cell growth.
1905428 regulation of plant organ formation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plant organ formation.
1905429 response to glycine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glycine stimulus.
1905430 cellular response to glycine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glycine stimulus.
1905431 microcystin transport P The directed movement of a microcystin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
1905432 regulation of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide.
1905433 negative regulation of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide.
1905434 positive regulation of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide.
1905435 regulation of histone H3-K4 trimethylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K4 trimethylation.
1905436 negative regulation of histone H3-K4 trimethylation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K4 trimethylation.
1905437 positive regulation of histone H3-K4 trimethylation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K4 trimethylation.
1905438 non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation P Any non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway that is involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation.
1905439 response to chondroitin 6'-sulfate P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chondroitin 6'-sulfate stimulus.
1905440 cellular response to chondroitin 6'-sulfate P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chondroitin 6'-sulfate stimulus.
1905441 response to chondroitin 4'-sulfate P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chondroitin 4'-sulfate stimulus.
1905442 cellular response to chondroitin 4'-sulfate P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chondroitin 4'-sulfate stimulus.
1905443 regulation of clathrin coat assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of clathrin coat assembly.
1905444 negative regulation of clathrin coat assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of clathrin coat assembly.
1905445 positive regulation of clathrin coat assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of clathrin coat assembly.
1905446 regulation of mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport.
1905447 negative regulation of mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport.
1905448 positive regulation of mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport.
1905449 regulation of Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis.
1905450 negative regulation of Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis.
1905451 positive regulation of Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis.
1905453 regulation of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation.
1905454 negative regulation of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation.
1905455 positive regulation of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation.
1905456 regulation of lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation.
1905457 negative regulation of lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation.
1905458 positive regulation of lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation.
1905459 regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process.
1905460 negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process.
1905461 positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process.
1905462 regulation of DNA duplex unwinding P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA duplex unwinding.
1905463 negative regulation of DNA duplex unwinding P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA duplex unwinding.
1905464 positive regulation of DNA duplex unwinding P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA duplex unwinding.
1905465 regulation of G-quadruplex DNA unwinding P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of G-quadruplex DNA unwinding.
1905466 negative regulation of G-quadruplex DNA unwinding P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of G-quadruplex DNA unwinding.
1905467 positive regulation of G-quadruplex DNA unwinding P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G-quadruplex DNA unwinding.
1905468 regulation of clathrin-coated pit assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of clathrin-coated pit assembly.
1905469 negative regulation of clathrin-coated pit assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of clathrin-coated pit assembly.
1905470 positive regulation of clathrin-coated pit assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of clathrin-coated pit assembly.
1905471 regulation of histone H3-K79 dimethylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K79 dimethylation.
1905472 negative regulation of histone H3-K79 dimethylation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K79 dimethylation.
1905473 positive regulation of histone H3-K79 dimethylation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K79 dimethylation.
1905474 canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in stem cell proliferation P Any canonical Wnt signaling pathway that is involved in stem cell proliferation.
1905475 regulation of protein localization to membrane P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to membrane.
1905476 negative regulation of protein localization to membrane P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to membrane.
1905477 positive regulation of protein localization to membrane P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to membrane.
1905478 regulation of glutamate-ammonia ligase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutamate-ammonia ligase activity.
1905479 negative regulation of glutamate-ammonia ligase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glutamate-ammonia ligase activity.
1905480 positive regulation of glutamate-ammonia ligase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glutamate-ammonia ligase activity.
1905481 cytoplasmic sequestering of protein involved in mitotic DNA replication checkpoint P Any cytoplasmic sequestering of protein that is involved in mitotic DNA replication checkpoint.
1905482 cytoplasmic sequestering of protein involved in G2 DNA damage checkpoint P Any cytoplasmic sequestering of protein that is involved in G2 DNA damage checkpoint.
1905483 regulation of motor neuron migration P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of motor neuron migration.
1905484 negative regulation of motor neuron migration P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of motor neuron migration.
1905485 positive regulation of motor neuron migration P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of motor neuron migration.
1905486 regulation of anterior/posterior axon guidance P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anterior/posterior axon guidance.
1905487 negative regulation of anterior/posterior axon guidance P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anterior/posterior axon guidance.
1905488 positive regulation of anterior/posterior axon guidance P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anterior/posterior axon guidance.
1905489 regulation of sensory neuron axon guidance P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sensory neuron axon guidance.
1905490 negative regulation of sensory neuron axon guidance P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sensory neuron axon guidance.
1905491 positive regulation of sensory neuron axon guidance P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sensory neuron axon guidance.
1905492 positive regulation of branching morphogenesis of a nerve P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of branching morphogenesis of a nerve.
1905493 regulation of G-quadruplex DNA binding P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of G-quadruplex DNA binding.
1905494 negative regulation of G-quadruplex DNA binding P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of G-quadruplex DNA binding.
1905495 positive regulation of G-quadruplex DNA binding P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G-quadruplex DNA binding.
1905496 regulation of triplex DNA binding P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of triplex DNA binding.
1905497 negative regulation of triplex DNA binding P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of triplex DNA binding.
1905498 positive regulation of triplex DNA binding P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of triplex DNA binding.
1905499 trichome papilla formation P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a trichome papilla.
1905502 acetyl-CoA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with acetyl-CoA.
1905503 regulation of motile cilium assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of motile cilium assembly.
1905504 negative regulation of motile cilium assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of motile cilium assembly.
1905505 positive regulation of motile cilium assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of motile cilium assembly.
1905506 gerontoplast stroma C Any plastid stroma that is part of a gerontoplast.
1905507 cytoplasmic sequestering of protein involved in mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint P Any cytoplasmic sequestering of protein that is involved in mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint.
1905508 protein localization to microtubule organizing center P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a microtubule organizing center.
1905509 protein localization to interphase microtubule organizing center P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an interphase microtubule organizing center.
1905510 negative regulation of myosin II filament assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myosin II filament assembly.
1905511 positive regulation of myosin II filament assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myosin II filament assembly.
1905512 regulation of short-term synaptic potentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of short-term synaptic potentiation.
1905513 negative regulation of short-term synaptic potentiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of short-term synaptic potentiation.
1905514 positive regulation of short-term synaptic potentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of short-term synaptic potentiation.
1905515 non-motile cilium assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a non-motile cilium.
1905516 positive regulation of fertilization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fertilization.
1905517 macrophage migration P The orderly movement of a macrophage from one site to another.
1905518 regulation of presynaptic active zone assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of presynaptic active zone assembly.
1905519 negative regulation of presynaptic active zone assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of presynaptic active zone assembly.
1905520 positive regulation of presynaptic active zone assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of presynaptic active zone assembly.
1905521 regulation of macrophage migration P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage migration.
1905522 negative regulation of macrophage migration P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage migration.
1905523 positive regulation of macrophage migration P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage migration.
1905524 negative regulation of protein autoubiquitination P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein autoubiquitination.
1905526 regulation of Golgi lumen acidification P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Golgi lumen acidification.
1905527 negative regulation of Golgi lumen acidification P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Golgi lumen acidification.
1905528 positive regulation of Golgi lumen acidification P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Golgi lumen acidification.
1905529 regulation of uracil import across plasma membrane P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of uracil import across plasma membrane.
1905530 negative regulation of uracil import across plasma membrane P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of uracil import across plasma membrane.
1905531 positive regulation of uracil import across plasma membrane P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of uracil import across plasma membrane.
1905532 regulation of leucine import across plasma membrane P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leucine import across plasma membrane.
1905533 negative regulation of leucine import across plasma membrane P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leucine import across plasma membrane.
1905534 positive regulation of leucine import across plasma membrane P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leucine import across plasma membrane.
1905535 regulation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex assembly.
1905536 negative regulation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex assembly.
1905537 positive regulation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex assembly.
1905538 polysome binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a polysome.
1905539 regulation of postsynapse to nucleus signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of postsynapse to nucleus signaling pathway.
1905540 interleukin-7 receptor complex C A protein complex that binds interleukin-7 (IL-7) and that consists of, at a minimum, an interleukin, an alpha and a gamma chain as well as optional additional kinase subunits. The alpha chain binds IL-7 with high affinity and subsequently binds the cytokine receptor common gamma chain that forms part of multiple interleukin receptors.
1905541 regulation of L-arginine import across plasma membrane P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-arginine import across plasma membrane.
1905542 negative regulation of L-arginine import across plasma membrane P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-arginine import across plasma membrane.
1905543 interleukin-15 receptor complex C A protein complex that binds interleukin-15 (IL-15) and that consists of, at a minimum, an interleukin, an alpha, beta and gamma chain as well as optional additional kinase subunits. The alpha chain is unique to binds IL-15 while it shares the beta chain with the IL-2 receptor and the cytokine receptor common gamma chain with multiple interleukin receptors.
1905544 L-methionine import across plasma membrane P The directed movement of L-methionine from outside of a cell into the cytoplasmic compartment.
1905546 cellular response to phenylpropanoid P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a phenylpropanoid stimulus.
1905547 regulation of telomeric heterochromatin assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of telomeric heterochromatin assembly.
1905548 negative regulation of telomeric heterochromatin assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telomeric heterochromatin assembly.
1905549 positive regulation of telomeric heterochromatin assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telomeric heterochromatin assembly.
1905550 regulation of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum.
1905551 negative regulation of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum.
1905552 positive regulation of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum.
1905553 regulation of blood vessel branching P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel branching.
1905554 negative regulation of vessel branching P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel branching.
1905555 positive regulation blood vessel branching P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel branching.
1905556 ciliary vesicle assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a ciliary vesicle. Multiple smaller vesicles dock to the transitional fibers on a mature basal body and then fuse together to form a larger single vesicle. This then fuses with the plasma membrane and forms the ciliary membrane.
1905557 regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly.
1905558 negative regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly.
1905559 positive regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly.
1905560 negative regulation of kinetochore assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of kinetochore assembly.
1905561 positive regulation of kinetochore assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of kinetochore assembly.
1905562 regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial cell proliferation.
1905563 negative regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial cell proliferation.
1905564 positive regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial cell proliferation.
1905568 regulation of ferrichrome biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ferrichrome biosynthetic process.
1905569 negative regulation of ferrichrome biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ferrichrome biosynthetic process.
1905570 positive regulation of ferrichrome biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ferrichrome biosynthetic process.
1905571 interleukin-10 receptor complex C A protein complex that binds interleukin-10 (IL-10) and that consists of, at a minimum, a dimeric interleukin, an alpha and a beta chain as well as optional additional kinase subunits. The alpha chain binds IL-10 with high affinity and subsequently binds the common beta receptor chain that forms part of multiple interleukin receptors.
1905572 ganglioside GM1 transport to membrane P The directed movement of ganglioside GM1 to membrane.
1905573 ganglioside GM1 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ganglioside GM1.
1905574 ganglioside GM2 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ganglioside GM2.
1905575 ganglioside GM3 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ganglioside GM3.
1905576 ganglioside GT1b binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ganglioside GT1b.
1905577 ganglioside GP1c binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ganglioside GP1c.
1905578 regulation of ERBB3 signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ERBB3 signaling pathway.
1905579 negative regulation of ERBB3 signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ERBB3 signaling pathway.
1905580 positive regulation of ERBB3 signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ERBB3 signaling pathway.
1905581 positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance.
1905582 response to mannose P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mannose stimulus.
1905583 cellular response to mannose P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mannose stimulus.
1905584 outer hair cell apoptotic process P Any apoptotic process in an outer hair cell.
1905585 regulation of outer hair cell apoptotic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of outer hair cell apoptotic process.
1905586 negative regulation of outer hair cell apoptotic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of outer hair cell apoptotic process.
1905587 positive regulation of outer hair cell apoptotic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of outer hair cell apoptotic process.
1905588 plant-type cell wall modification involved in stomatal movement P Any plant-type cell wall modification that is involved in stomatal movement.
1905589 positive regulation of L-arginine import across plasma membrane P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-arginine import across plasma membrane.
1905590 fibronectin fibril organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a fibronectin fibril.
1905591 regulation of optical nerve axon regeneration P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of optical nerve axon regeneration.
1905592 negative regulation of optical nerve axon regeneration P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of optical nerve axon regeneration.
1905593 positive regulation of optical nerve axon regeneration P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of optical nerve axon regeneration.
1905594 resveratrol binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with resveratrol.
1905595 regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding.
1905596 negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding.
1905597 positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding.
1905598 negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of low-density lipoprotein receptor activity.
1905599 positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of low-density lipoprotein receptor activity.
1905600 regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis involved in cholesterol transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor-mediated endocytosis involved in cholesterol transport.
1905601 negative regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis involved in cholesterol transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor-mediated endocytosis involved in cholesterol transport.
1905602 positive regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis involved in cholesterol transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor-mediated endocytosis involved in cholesterol transport.
1905603 regulation of maintenance of permeability of blood-brain barrier P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of permeability of blood-brain barrier.
1905604 negative regulation of maintenance of permeability of blood-brain barrier P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of permeability of blood-brain barrier.
1905605 positive regulation of maintenance of permeability of blood-brain barrier P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of permeability of blood-brain barrier.
1905606 regulation of presynapse assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of presynapse assembly.
1905607 negative regulation of presynapse assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of presynapse assembly.
1905608 positive regulation of presynapse assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of presynapse assembly.
1905609 positive regulation of smooth muscle cell-matrix adhesion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell-matrix adhesion.
1905610 regulation of mRNA cap binding P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA cap binding.
1905611 negative regulation of mRNA cap binding P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA cap binding.
1905612 positive regulation of mRNA cap binding P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA cap binding.
1905613 regulation of developmental vegetative growth P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of developmental vegetative growth.
1905614 negative regulation of developmental vegetative growth P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of developmental vegetative growth.
1905615 positive regulation of developmental vegetative growth P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of developmental vegetative growth.
1905616 regulation of miRNA mediated inhibition of translation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of miRNA mediated inhibition of translation.
1905617 negative regulation of miRNA mediated inhibition of translation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of miRNA mediated inhibition of translation.
1905618 positive regulation of miRNA mediated inhibition of translation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of miRNA mediated inhibition of translation.
1905619 regulation of alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity.
1905620 negative regulation of alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity.
1905621 positive regulation of alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity.
1905622 negative regulation of leaf development P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leaf development.
1905623 positive regulation of leaf development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leaf development.
1905624 regulation of L-methionine import across plasma membrane P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-methionine import across plasma membrane.
1905625 negative regulation of L-methionine import across plasma membrane P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-methionine import across plasma membrane.
1905626 positive regulation of L-methionine import across plasma membrane P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-methionine import across plasma membrane.
1905627 regulation of serotonin biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of serotonin biosynthetic process.
1905628 negative regulation of serotonin biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of serotonin biosynthetic process.
1905629 positive regulation of serotonin biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of serotonin biosynthetic process.
1905630 response to glyceraldehyde P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glyceraldehyde stimulus.
1905631 cellular response to glyceraldehyde P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glyceraldehyde stimulus.
1905632 protein localization to euchromatin P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an euchromatin.
1905633 establishment of protein localization to euchromatin P The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in an euchromatin.
1905634 regulation of protein localization to chromatin P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to chromatin.
1905635 FACT complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a FACT complex.
1905636 positive regulation of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding.
1905637 regulation of mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process.
1905638 negative regulation of mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process.
1905639 positive regulation of mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process.
1905640 response to acetaldehyde P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acetaldehyde stimulus.
1905641 cellular response to acetaldehyde P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acetaldehyde stimulus.
1905642 negative regulation of DNA methylation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA methylation.
1905643 positive regulation of DNA methylation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA methylation.
1905644 regulation of FACT complex assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of FACT complex assembly.
1905645 negative regulation of FACT complex assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of FACT complex assembly.
1905646 positive regulation of FACT complex assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of FACT complex assembly.
1905647 proline import across plasma membrane P The directed movement of proline from outside of a cell into the cytoplasmic compartment.
1905648 regulation of shell calcification P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of shell calcification.
1905649 negative regulation of shell calcification P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of shell calcification.
1905650 positive regulation of shell calcification P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of shell calcification.
1905651 regulation of artery morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of artery morphogenesis.
1905652 negative regulation of artery morphogenesis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of artery morphogenesis.
1905653 positive regulation of artery morphogenesis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of artery morphogenesis.
1905654 regulation of artery smooth muscle contraction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of artery smooth muscle contraction.
1905655 negative regulation of artery smooth muscle contraction P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of artery smooth muscle contraction.
1905656 positive regulation of artery smooth muscle contraction P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of artery smooth muscle contraction.
1905657 regulation of relaxation of vascular smooth muscle P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of vascular smooth muscle.
1905658 negative regulation of relaxation of vascular smooth muscle P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of vascular smooth muscle.
1905659 positive regulation of relaxation of vascular smooth muscle P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of vascular smooth muscle.
1905660 mitotic checkpoint complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a mitotic checkpoint complex.
1905661 regulation of telomerase RNA reverse transcriptase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of telomerase RNA reverse transcriptase activity.
1905662 negative regulation of telomerase RNA reverse transcriptase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telomerase RNA reverse transcriptase activity.
1905663 positive regulation of telomerase RNA reverse transcriptase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telomerase RNA reverse transcriptase activity.
1905664 regulation of calcium ion import across plasma membrane P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion import across plasma membrane.
1905665 positive regulation of calcium ion import across plasma membrane P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion import across plasma membrane.
1905666 regulation of protein localization to endosome P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to endosome.
1905667 negative regulation of protein localization to endosome P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to endosome.
1905668 positive regulation of protein localization to endosome P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to endosome.
1905669 TORC1 complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a TORC1 complex.
1905670 TORC2 complex disassembly P The disaggregation of a TORC2 complex into its constituent components.
1905671 regulation of lysosome organization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lysosome organization.
1905672 negative regulation of lysosome organization P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lysosome organization.
1905673 positive regulation of lysosome organization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lysosome organization.
1905674 regulation of adaptive immune memory response P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adaptive immune memory response.
1905675 negative regulation of adaptive immune memory response P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adaptive immune memory response.
1905676 positive regulation of adaptive immune memory response P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adaptive immune memory response.
1905677 regulation of adaptive immune effector response P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adaptive immune effector response.
1905678 negative regulation of adaptive immune effector response P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adaptive immune effector response.
1905679 positive regulation of adaptive immune effector response P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adaptive immune effector response.
1905680 regulation of innate immunity memory response P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of innate immunity memory response.
1905681 negative regulation of innate immunity memory response P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of innate immunity memory response.
1905682 positive regulation of innate immunity memory response P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of innate immunity memory response.
1905683 peroxisome disassembly P The disaggregation of a peroxisome into its constituent components.
1905684 regulation of plasma membrane repair P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plasma membrane repair.
1905685 negative regulation of plasma membrane repair P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of plasma membrane repair.
1905686 positive regulation of plasma membrane repair P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of plasma membrane repair.
1905687 regulation of diacylglycerol kinase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of diacylglycerol kinase activity.
1905688 negative regulation of diacylglycerol kinase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of diacylglycerol kinase activity.
1905689 positive regulation of diacylglycerol kinase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of diacylglycerol kinase activity.
1905690 nucleus disassembly P The disaggregation of a nucleus into its constituent components.
1905691 lipid particle disassembly P The disaggregation of a lipid particle into its constituent components.
1905692 endoplasmic reticulum disassembly P The disaggregation of an endoplasmic reticulum into its constituent components.
1905693 regulation of phosphatidic acid biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidic acid biosynthetic process.
1905694 negative regulation of phosphatidic acid biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidic acid biosynthetic process.
1905695 positive regulation of phosphatidic acid biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidic acid biosynthetic process.
1905696 regulation of polysome binding P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of polysome binding.
1905697 negative regulation of polysome binding P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of polysome binding.
1905698 positive regulation of polysome binding P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of polysome binding.
1905699 regulation of drug transmembrane export P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of drug transmembrane export.
1905700 negative regulation of drug transmembrane export P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of drug transmembrane export.
1905701 positive regulation of drug transmembrane export P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of drug transmembrane export.
1905702 regulation of inhibitory synapse assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of inhibitory synapse assembly.
1905703 negative regulation of inhibitory synapse assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of inhibitory synapse assembly.
1905704 positive regulation of inhibitory synapse assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of inhibitory synapse assembly.
1905705 cellular response to paclitaxel P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a paclitaxel stimulus.
1905706 regulation of mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled proton transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled proton transport.
1905707 negative regulation of mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled proton transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled proton transport.
1905708 regulation of cell morphogenesis involved in conjugation with cellular fusion P Any process that modulates the location, frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis involved in conjugation with cellular fusion.
1905709 negative regulation of membrane permeability P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by a membrane.
1905710 positive regulation of membrane permeability P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by a membrane.
1905711 response to phosphatidylethanolamine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a phosphatidylethanolamine stimulus.
1905712 cellular response to phosphatidylethanolamine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a phosphatidylethanolamine stimulus.
1905715 regulation of cornification P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cornification.
1905716 negative regulation of cornification P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cornification.
1905717 positive regulation of cornification P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cornification.
1905719 protein localization to perinuclear region of cytoplasm P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the perinuclear region of the cytoplasm.
1905720 cytoplasmic microtubule bundle C Any microtubule bundle that is part of a cytoplasm.
1905721 mitotic spindle astral microtubule end C Any microtubule end that is part of a mitotic spindle astral microtubule.
1905722 regulation of trypanothione biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of trypanothione biosynthetic process.
1905723 negative regulation of trypanothione biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of trypanothione biosynthetic process.
1905724 positive regulation of trypanothione biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of trypanothione biosynthetic process.
1905725 protein localization to microtubule end P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location at a microtubule end.
1905735 regulation of L-proline import across plasma membrane P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-proline import across plasma membrane.
1905736 negative regulation of L-proline import across plasma membrane P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-proline import across plasma membrane.
1905737 positive regulation of L-proline import across plasma membrane P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-proline import across plasma membrane.
1905741 mitochondrial calcium release involved in positive regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium concentration P Any mitochondrial calcium release that is involved in positive regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium concentration.
1905742 Ras guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor complex C A protein complex which is capable of Ras guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity.
1905743 mitochondrial calcium uptake involved in negative regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium concentration P Any mitochondrial calcium uptake that is involved in negative regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium concentration.
1905744 regulation of mRNA cis splicing, via spliceosome P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA cis splicing, via spliceosome.
1905745 negative regulation of mRNA cis splicing, via spliceosome P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA cis splicing, via spliceosome.
1905746 positive regulation of mRNA cis splicing, via spliceosome P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA cis splicing, via spliceosome.
1905747 negative regulation of saliva secretion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of saliva secretion.
1905748 hard palate morphogenesis P The developmental process by which a hard palate is generated and organized.
1905749 regulation of endosome to plasma membrane protein transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endosome to plasma membrane protein transport.
1905750 negative regulation of endosome to plasma membrane protein transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endosome to plasma membrane protein transport.
1905751 positive regulation of endosome to plasma membrane protein transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endosome to plasma membrane protein transport.
1905752 regulation of argininosuccinate synthase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of argininosuccinate synthase activity.
1905753 positive regulation of argininosuccinate synthase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of argininosuccinate synthase activity.
1905754 ascospore-type prospore nucleus C Any nucleus that is part of a ascospore-type prospore.
1905755 protein localization to cytoplasmic microtubule P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cytoplasmic microtubule.
1905756 regulation of primary cell septum biogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of primary cell septum biogenesis.
1905757 negative regulation of primary cell septum biogenesis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of primary cell septum biogenesis.
1905758 positive regulation of primary cell septum biogenesis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of primary cell septum biogenesis.
1905759 post-anaphase array microtubule C Any microtubule that is part of a post-anaphase microtubule array.
1905760 post-anaphase array microtubule end C Any microtubule end that is part of a post-anaphase array microtubule.
1905761 SCF ubiquitin ligase complex binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a SCF ubiquitin ligase complex.
1905762 CCR4-NOT complex binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a CCR4-NOT complex.
1905763 MTREC complex binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a MTREC complex.
1905764 regulation of protection from non-homologous end joining at telomere P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protection from non-homologous end joining at telomere.
1905765 negative regulation of protection from non-homologous end joining at telomere P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protection from non-homologous end joining at telomere.
1905766 positive regulation of protection from non-homologous end joining at telomere P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protection from non-homologous end joining at telomere.
1905767 regulation of double-stranded telomeric DNA binding P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of double-stranded telomeric DNA binding.
1905768 negative regulation of double-stranded telomeric DNA binding P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of double-stranded telomeric DNA binding.
1905769 positive regulation of double-stranded telomeric DNA binding P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of double-stranded telomeric DNA binding.
1905770 regulation of mesodermal cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesodermal cell differentiation.
1905771 negative regulation of mesodermal cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesodermal cell differentiation.
1905772 positive regulation of mesodermal cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesodermal cell differentiation.
1905773 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine an oxidized purine residue found in damaged DNA.
1905774 regulation of DNA helicase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA helicase activity.
1905775 negative regulation of DNA helicase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA helicase activity.
1905776 positive regulation of DNA helicase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA helicase activity.
1905777 regulation of exonuclease activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exonuclease activity.
1905778 negative regulation of exonuclease activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of exonuclease activity.
1905779 positive regulation of exonuclease activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of exonuclease activity.
1905780 regulation of phosphatidylserine exposure on apoptotic cell surface P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylserine exposure on apoptotic cell surface.
1905781 negative regulation of phosphatidylserine exposure on apoptotic cell surface P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylserine exposure on apoptotic cell surface.
1905782 positive regulation of phosphatidylserine exposure on apoptotic cell surface P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylserine exposure on apoptotic cell surface.
1905783 CENP-A containing nucleosome disassembly P The disaggregation of a CENP-A containing nucleosome into its constituent components.
1905784 regulation of anaphase-promoting complex-dependent catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anaphase-promoting complex-dependent catabolic process.
1905785 negative regulation of anaphase-promoting complex-dependent catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anaphase-promoting complex-dependent catabolic process.
1905786 positive regulation of anaphase-promoting complex-dependent catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anaphase-promoting complex-dependent catabolic process.
1905787 regulation of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch.
1905788 negative regulation of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch.
1905789 positive regulation of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch.
1905790 regulation of mechanosensory behavior P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mechanosensory behavior.
1905791 negative regulation of mechanosensory behavior P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mechanosensory behavior.
1905792 positive regulation of mechanosensory behavior P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mechanosensory behavior.
1905793 protein localization to pericentriolar material P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a pericentriolar material.
1905794 response to puromycin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a puromycin stimulus.
1905795 cellular response to puromycin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a puromycin stimulus.
1905796 regulation of intraciliary anterograde transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intraciliary anterograde transport.
1905797 negative regulation of intraciliary anterograde transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intraciliary anterograde transport.
1905798 positive regulation of intraciliary anterograde transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intraciliary anterograde transport.
1905799 regulation of intraciliary retrograde transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intraciliary retrograde transport.
1905800 negative regulation of intraciliary retrograde transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intraciliary retrograde transport.
1905801 positive regulation of intraciliary retrograde transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intraciliary retrograde transport.
1905802 regulation of cellular response to manganese ion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to manganese ion.
1905803 negative regulation of cellular response to manganese ion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to manganese ion.
1905804 positive regulation of cellular response to manganese ion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to manganese ion.
1905805 excitatory synapse disassembly P The disaggregation of an excitatory synapse into its constituent components.
1905806 regulation of synapse disassembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synapse disassembly.
1905807 negative regulation of synapse disassembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synapse disassembly.
1905808 positive regulation of synapse disassembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synapse disassembly.
1905809 negative regulation of synapse organization P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synapse organization.
1905810 regulation of excitatory synapse disassembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of excitatory synapse disassembly.
1905811 negative regulation of excitatory synapse disassembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of excitatory synapse disassembly.
1990000 amyloid fibril formation P The generation of amyloid fibrils, insoluble fibrous protein aggregates exhibiting beta sheet structure, from proteins. An example of this is seen when human RIP1 and RIP3 kinases form a heterodimeric functional amyloid signaling complex (PMID:22817896).
1990001 inhibition of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process P Any process that prevents the activation of an inactive cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in an apoptotic process.
1990002 methylglyoxal reductase (NADPH-dependent, acetol producing) F Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + methylglyoxal + NADPH <=> hydroxyacetone + NADP+.
1990003 IDP phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: IDP + H2O = IMP + phosphate.
1990004 XDP phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: XDP + H2O = XMP + phosphate.
1990005 granular vesicle C A cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle of varying size, but usually larger than 45 nm, with an electron dense granular core, found in noradrenergic and peptidergic cells.
1990006 amorphous vesicle C A cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle first described in dendrites, categorized by smooth membranes, electron-lucent interiors and irregular shapes. Sometimes occurs in clumps. Amorphous vesicles have been found to contain material taken up from the extracellular space, therefore suggesting that they may be part of the endosomal pathway.
1990007 membrane stack C A configuration of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) found in Purkinje cells in the cerebellum and in axons in the lateral vestibular nucleus, consisting of parallel and interconnecting tubules whose outer surfaces are covered by particles or ringlike structures.
1990008 neurosecretory vesicle C A large cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle with an electron dense granular core, up to 150-200 nm in diameter, found in neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus.
1990009 retinal cell apoptotic process P Any apoptotic process in a retinal cell.
1990010 compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process P Any apoptotic process in a compound eye retinal cell.
1990011 laminated body C Inclusion body characterized by regularly spaced sheets of tubules arranged in a whorl pattern resembling a fingerprint. Laminated bodies have been observed in neurons of the lateral geniculate nucleus.
1990012 complex laminated body C A cytoplasmic inclusion body found in some lateral geniculate neurons and composed of sheets of tubules (25 nm in diameter) separated by dense material (about 75 nm wide), which together with the tubules whorl give a structure resembling a fingerprint.
1990013 presynaptic grid C A hexagonal array of electron dense particles attached to the cytoplasmic face of the presynaptic membrane.
1990014 orthogonal array C Square array of closely spaced intramembrane particles, 4-6 nm in size, that form supramolecular aggregates found in the plasma membrane of astrocytes, skeletal muscle and epithelial cells. They have been shown to contain aquaporins (water channels).
1990015 ensheathing process C A cell projection (often from glial cells such as Schwann cells) that surrounds an unmyelinated axon or cell soma.
1990016 neck portion of tanycyte C Elongated portion of a tanycyte that sticks into the periventricular layer of neuropil where it appears to contact a blood vessel; characterized by numerous cytoplasmic extensions. A tanycyte is a specialized elongated ventricular ependymal cell that has processes that extend to the outer, or pial, surface of the CNS.
1990017 somatic portion of tanycyte C Portion of a tanycyte that lies within the ependyma and contains the nucleus. A tanycyte is a specialized elongated ventricular ependymal cell that has processes that extend to the outer, or pial, surface of the CNS.
1990018 tail portion of tanycyte C Elongated process of a tanycyte, devoid of cytoplasmic extensions, that courses through the hypothalamic nuclei to form small endfoot processes that terminate either on blood vessels or at the pial surface of the brain. A tanycyte is a specialized elongated ventricular ependymal cell.
1990019 protein storage vacuole organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a protein storage vacuole, a storage vacuole that contains a lytic vacuole.
1990020 recurrent axon collateral C Axon collateral that ramifies in the area of the soma of the cell of origin.
1990021 Schaffer axon collateral C Part of axon of a CA3 pyramidal neuron that projects to hippocampal area CA1.
1990022 RNA polymerase III complex localization to nucleus P The directed movement of an RNA polymerase III complex from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
1990023 mitotic spindle midzone C The area in the center of the anaphase spindle consisting of microtubules, microtubule bundling factors and kinesin motors where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap in an antiparallel manner.
1990024 C bouton C Synaptic bouton found in spinal cord on the soma and proximal dendrites of motor neurons.
1990025 F bouton C Synaptic bouton found in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. F boutons range in diameter from 0.5 to 7 um and contain flattened or pleomorphic synaptic vesicles.
1990026 hippocampal mossy fiber expansion C Synaptic expansion of hippocampal mossy fiber axon that makes contact with the thorny excrescences of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal cell dendrites.
1990027 S bouton C Synaptic bouton found in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. S boutons range in diameter from 0.5 to 8 um and contain spherical synaptic vesicles.
1990028 intermediate voltage-gated calcium channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by an intermediate voltage-gated channel. An intermediate voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on intermediate voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.
1990029 vasomotion P The rhythmical contraction and relaxation of arterioles, observed as slow and fast waves, with frequencies of 1-2 and 10-20 cpm.
1990030 pericellular basket C Ramification of basket cell axon surrounding cell bodies, forming the characteristic pericellular baskets from which the cell class derives its name.
1990031 pinceau fiber C Dense plexus formed by the descending collaterals of cerebellar basket cells that wrap around a Purkinje cell axonal initial segment.
1990032 parallel fiber C A parallel fiber results from the bifurcation of a cerebellar granule cell axon in the molecular layer into two diametrically opposed branches, that are oriented parallel to the long axis of the folium.
1990033 dendritic branch point C The part of a dendrite where the cell projection branches, giving rise to a dendritic branch.
1990034 calcium ion export from cell P The directed movement of calcium ions out of a cell.
1990035 calcium ion import into cell P The directed movement of calcium ions from outside of a cell into the cytoplasmic compartment. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis.
1990036 calcium ion import into sarcoplasmic reticulum P The directed movement of calcium ions into a sarcoplasmic reticulum.
1990037 Lewy body core C The center portion of a Lewy body. In Parkinson's disease, it contains a matted meshwork of filaments.
1990038 Lewy body corona C The periphery of a Lewy body. In Parkinson's disease, it contains spherical accumulations of filaments arranged in a loose, radiating array.
1990039 hypolemmal cisterna C Specialized part of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum that closely underlies the plasma membrane, usually within 60 nm or closer.
1990040 sub-surface cisterna C Specialization of the hypolemmal cisterna consisting of either single profiles or closely apposed stacks of endoplasmic reticulum in which the lumen is obliterated, lying 10-20 nm beneath the plasma membrane.
1990042 glycerol dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity F Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which glycerol is converted into glycerone and NAD+ or NADP is reduced.
1990043 5' deoxyribonuclease (pyrimidine dimer) activity F Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage immediately 5' to pyrimidine dimers to products with 5'-phosphate.
1990044 protein localization to lipid particle P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location on or within a lipid particle.
1990045 sclerotium development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sclerotium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A sclerotium is a mycelial resting body, resistant to adverse environmental conditions.
1990046 stress-induced mitochondrial fusion P Merging of two or more mitochondria within a cell to form a single compartment, as a result of a disturbance in cellular homeostasis.
1990047 spindle matrix C A proteinaceous, nuclear-derived structure that embeds the microtubule spindle apparatus from pole to pole in a microtubule-independent manner during mitosis.
1990048 anterograde neuronal dense core vesicle transport P The directed movement of substances in neuronal dense core vesicles along axonal microtubules towards the presynapse.
1990049 retrograde neuronal dense core vesicle transport P The directed movement of neuronal dense core vesicles along axonal microtubules towards the cell body.
1990050 phosphatidic acid transporter activity F Enables the directed movement of phosphatidic acid into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Phosphatidic acid refers to a glycophospholipids with, in general, a saturated fatty acid bonded to carbon-1, an unsaturated fatty acid bonded to carbon-2, and a phosphate group bonded to carbon-3.
1990051 activation of protein kinase C activity P Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme protein kinase C.
1990052 ER to chloroplast lipid transport P The directed movement of a lipid from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the chloroplast.
1990053 DNA-5-methylcytosine glycosylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: DNA containing 5-methylcytosine + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 5-methylcytosine. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the DNA 5-methylcytosine and the deoxyribose sugar to remove the 5-methylcytosine, leaving an abasic site.
1990054 response to temozolomide P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a temozolomide stimulus.
1990055 phenylacetaldehyde synthase activity F Catalyzes the reaction: L-phenylalanine + O2 + H2O -> phenylacetaldehyde + ammonia + hydrogen peroxide + CO2.
1990058 fruit replum development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fruit replum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fruit replum is a portion of fruit placenta tissue that divides a fruit into two or more chambers and develops from a replum.
1990059 fruit valve development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fruit valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fruit valve is a part of a fruit that splits apart when the fruit dehisces.
1990060 maltose transport complex C Protein complex facilitating ATP-dependent maltose transport through inner cell membrane (periplasm to cytoplasm) in Gram-negative bacteria. In E. coli the system is composed of a periplasmic maltose-binding protein (MBP), two integral membrane proteins, MalF and MalG, and two copies of the cytoplasmic ATP-binding cassette MalK.
1990061 bacterial degradosome C The degradosome is a protein complex playing a key role in mRNA degradation and RNA processing. It includes a RNA helicase, a 3'-5' phosphate-dependent PNPase and a RNase E bound-enolase.
1990062 RPAP3/R2TP/prefoldin-like complex C A protein complex first characterized in human and comprised of a R2TP module (R2TP complex), a prefoldin-like module (containing both prefoldin-like proteins and canonical prefoldins), WD40 repeat protein Monad/WDR92 and DNA-dependent RNA polymerase subunit RPB5. This complex might have chaperone activity.
1990063 Bam protein complex C Protein complex which is involved in assembly and insertion of beta-barrel proteins into the outer membrane. In E. coli it is composed of BamABCDE, of the outer membrane protein BamA, and four lipoproteins BamB, BamC, BamD and BamE. BamA interacts directly with BamB and the BamCDE subcomplex.
1990064 ground tissue pattern formation P The regionalization process that gives rise to the patterning of the ground tissue.
1990065 Dxr protein complex C A protein complex that is involved in the MEP pathway of IPP biosynthesis. It catalyzes the NADP-dependent rearrangement and reduction of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate (DXP) to 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP).
1990066 energy quenching P The process by which excess light energy absorbed by chlorophyll and not used to drive photosynthesis is emitted by nonphotochemical quenching or chlorophyll fluorescence.
1990067 intrachromosomal DNA recombination P The process of DNA recombination occurring within a single chromosome.
1990068 seed dehydration P The seed development process whose outcome is the drying of a maturing seed.
1990069 stomatal opening P The process of opening of stomata, pores in the epidermis of leaves and stems bordered by two guard cells and serving in gas exchange.
1990070 TRAPPI protein complex C A complex that tethers COPII vesicles at ER-Golgi intermediate compartment. Its role in this part of the vesicular transport may start at the ER exit sites. Binds to a component of the COPII coat. In yeast it includes the following subunits: Bet3 (as homodimer), Bet5, Trs20, Trs23, Trs31, Trs33 which are regarded as the "core subunits" of all TRAPP complexes in yeast.
1990071 TRAPPII protein complex C A complex that mediates intra-Golgi traffic, Golgi exit, endosome-to-Golgi traffic, and the trafficking of autophagy proteins from Golgi to the pre-autophagosomal structure. Binds to a component of the COPI coat. In yeast it includes the following subunits: Bet3 (as homodimer), Bet5, Tca17, Trs20, Trs23, Trs31, Trs33, Trs65, Trs120, Trs130. The whole complex is thought to dimerize with itself.
1990072 TRAPPIII protein complex C A complex that functions in anterograde transport at the Golgi and also regulates autophagy. In yeast it includes at least the following subunits: Bet3 (as homodimer), Bet5, Trs20, Trs23, Trs31, Trs33, Trs85. TRAPPIII may include further, as yet undescribed, proteins.
1990073 perforation plate C A cell wall part that is the part of a wall of a vessel member and bears one or more openings (perforations).
1990074 polyuridylation-dependent mRNA catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of uridylyl residues (polyuridylation) at the 3' end of the target mRNA.
1990075 periciliary membrane compartment C A plasma membrane region adjacent to the base of eukaryotic cilia and flagella that is enriched in endocytosis-associated proteins and vesicles and that appears to regulate ciliary membrane homeostasis.
1990076 cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process involved in abscission P Any cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process that is involved in abscission.
1990077 primosome complex C Any of a family of protein complexes that form at the origin of replication or stalled replication forks and function in replication primer synthesis in all organisms. Early complexes initiate double-stranded DNA unwinding. The core unit consists of a replicative helicase and a primase. The helicase further unwinds the DNA and recruits the polymerase machinery. The primase synthesizes RNA primers that act as templates for complementary stand replication by the polymerase machinery. The primosome contains a number of associated proteins and protein complexes and contributes to the processes of replication initiation, lagging strand elongation, and replication restart.
1990078 replication inhibiting complex C A protein complex that inhibits multiple events of replication initiation during one replication cycle.
1990079 cartilage homeostasis P A tissue homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium within cartilage, including control of cellular proliferation and death and control of metabolic function.
1990080 2-phenylethylamine receptor activity F Combining with the biogenic amine 2-phenylethylamine to initiate a change in cell activity.
1990081 trimethylamine receptor activity F Combining with the biogenic amine trimethylamine to initiate a change in cell activity.
1990082 DnaA-L2 complex C A protein complex that inhibits unwinding of DNA at the origin of replication and assembly of the pre-primosome. In E. coli, this complex is composed of DnaA and of the ribosomal protein L2.
1990083 DnaA-Hda complex C A protein complex that inactivates the function of DnaA by inhibiting the phosphorylation of DnaA-ADP to DnaA-ATP and thereby preventing multiple events of replication initiation. In E. coli, this complex is composed of DnaA and Hda.
1990084 DnaA-Dps complex C A protein complex that negatively regulates strand-opening at the origin of replication, thereby interfering with replication initiation. This complex is thought to be involved in the regulation of replication under oxidative stress conditions. In E. coli, this complex is composed of DnaA and Dps.
1990085 Hda-beta clamp complex C A protein complex involved in inactivating the function of DnaA and thereby preventing multiple events of replication initiation. In E. coli, this complex is composed of the beta clamp (DnaN) and Hda.
1990086 lens fiber cell apoptotic process P Any apoptotic process in a lens fiber cell. Lens fiber cells are elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in a camera-type eye.
1990088 [methyl-Co(III) methanol-specific corrinoid protein]:coenzyme M methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a [methyl-Co(III) methanol-specific corrinoid protein] + coenzyme M = methyl-CoM + a [Co(I) methanol-specific corrinoid protein].
1990089 response to nerve growth factor P A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nerve growth factor stimulus.
1990090 cellular response to nerve growth factor stimulus P A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nerve growth factor stimulus.
1990091 sodium-dependent self proteolysis P The sodium-dependent hydrolysis of proteins into smaller polypeptides and/or amino acids by cleavage of their own peptide bonds.
1990092 calcium-dependent self proteolysis P The calcium-dependent hydrolysis of proteins into smaller polypeptides and/or amino acids by cleavage of their own peptide bonds.
1990095 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to reactive oxygen species P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a reactive oxygen species stimulus. Reactive oxygen species include singlet oxygen, superoxide, and oxygen free radicals.
1990096 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to superoxide P Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a superoxide stimulus. Superoxide is the anion, oxygen-, formed by addition of one electron to dioxygen (O2) or any compound containing the superoxide anion.
1990097 SeqA-DNA complex C A protein-DNA complex that contains an oligomer of SeqA bound to GATC sites in methylated or newly-synthesized, hemi-methylated double-stranded DNA, with preference for the latter. Binding of SeqA to hemimethylated DNA sequesters oriC, prevents re-methylation of DNA by Dam and in turn stops premature re-initiation of replication during one replication cycle.
1990098 core primosome complex C A protein-DNA complex containing at least one DNA helicase and one primase. Can also contain associated proteins. The helicase component continues to unwind the double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and the primase component synthesizes a RNA primer during initiation or restart of replication.
1990099 pre-primosome complex C Any of the protein-DNA complexes that contain a DNA helicase and associated protein(s) at the origin of replication, and build up to assembling the core primosome. The associated protein(s) chaperone the helicase to the DNA, and assembly of the pre-primosome is essential for the initiation or restart of replication. Pre-primosome complexes lack a primase component.
1990100 DnaB-DnaC complex C A protein complex containing homohexameric DNA helicase DnaB, and the DNA helicase loader DnaC. The helicase loader DnaC delivers DnaB to the chromosomal origin (oriC).
1990101 DnaA-oriC complex C A protein-DNA complex containing the initiator protein DnaA bound to high-affinity recognition sites in the unique origin of replication, oriC. DnaA-oriC binding is the first step in assembly of a bacterial pre-replicative complex (pre-RC) and is responsible for the timely initiation of replication once per cell cycle.
1990102 DnaA-DiaA complex C A protein-DNA complex containing a tetramer of DiaA attached to multiple DnaA molecule bound to oriC DNA. Regulates timely initiation of chromosomal replication during the cell cycle by stimulating assembly of DnaA-oriC complexes, conformational changes in ATP-DnaA initiation complexes, and unwinding of oriC duplex DNA.
1990103 DnaA-HU complex C A protein-DNA complex containing DNA-bound DnaA attached to HU. HU is a dimer encoded by two closely related genes. Essential for the initiation of replication in bacteria; stimulates the DnaA-dependent unwinding of oriC.
1990104 DNA bending complex C A protein-DNA complex that contains DNA in combination with a protein which binds to and bends DNA. Often plays a role in DNA compaction.
1990107 thiazole synthase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate + 2-iminoacetate + thiocarboxy-adenylate-[sulfur-carrier protein ThiS] = 2-[(2R,5Z)-2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5(2H)-ylidene]ethyl phosphate + [sulfur-carrier protein ThiS] + 2 H2O.
1990108 protein linear deubiquitination P A protein deubiquitination process in which a linear polymer of ubiquitin, formed by the amino-terminal methionine (M1) of one ubiquitin molecule and by the carboxy-terminal glycine (G76) of the next, is removed from a protein.
1990109 rejection of pollen from other species P The process involved in the rejection of pollen of one species by cells in the stigma of another species.
1990110 callus formation P The process by which a callus is formed at a wound site. A plant callus is a portion of plant tissue that consists of mass of undifferentiated plant cells. It consists primarily of parenchyma cells but possibly contains other cell types as the callus begins to differentiate.
1990111 spermatoproteasome complex C A proteasome specifically found in mammalian testis. Contains the proteasome activator PA200 in the regulatory particle, and beta1i, beta2i, beta5i and/or alpha4s in the core (20S) subunit. Beta1i, beta2i and beta5i are inducible catalytic subunits, closely related to beta1, beta2 and beta5. Alpha4s is a sperm-specific 20S subunit, but unlike other alternative 20S subunits alpha4s lies in the outer alpha-ring and lacks catalytic activity.
1990112 RQC complex C A multiprotein complex that forms a stable complex with 60S ribosomal subunits containing stalled polypeptides and triggers their degradation (ribosomal quality control). In budding yeast, this complex includes Cdc48p, Rkr1p, Tae2p, Rqc1p, Npl4p and Ufd1p proteins.
1990113 RNA Polymerase I assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the eukaryotic RNA polymerase I complex.
1990114 RNA Polymerase II core complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the eukaryotic RNA polymerase II core complex.
1990115 RNA Polymerase III assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the eukaryotic RNA polymerase III complex.
1990116 ribosome-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide encoded by an aberrant message and associated with a stalled ribosome. Degradation is initiated by the covalent attachment of a ubiquitin group, or multiple ubiquitin groups, to the ribosome-associated protein.
1990117 B cell receptor apoptotic signaling pathway P An extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B cell.
1990118 sodium ion import into cell P The directed movement of sodium ions from outside of a cell into the intracellular region of a cell.
1990119 ATP-dependent RNA helicase inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of ATP-dependent RNA helicase.
1990120 messenger ribonucleoprotein complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules to form a messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) complex.
1990121 H-NS complex C A multimer of H-NS proteins that is involved in bacterial nucleoid condensation and negative regulation of global gene expression by directly binding to promoter regions. Recognizes both structural and sequence-specific motifs in double-stranded DNA and has binding preference for bent DNA.
1990122 leucine import into cell P The directed movement of leucine from outside of a cell into the cytoplasmic compartment. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis.
1990123 L-glutamate import into cell P The directed movement of L-glutamate from outside of a cell into the cytoplasmic compartment. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis.
1990124 messenger ribonucleoprotein complex C A ribonucleoprotein complex containing both protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules.
1990125 DiaA complex C A homotetrameric protein complex consisting of a symmetrical pair of DiaA homodimers. Facilitates DnaA binding to the origin of replication during replication initiation.
1990126 retrograde transport, endosome to plasma membrane P The directed movement of membrane-bounded vesicles from endosomes back to the plasma membrane, a trafficking pathway that promotes the recycling of internalized transmembrane proteins.
1990127 intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress by p53 class mediator P A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of osmotic stress, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.
1990130 Iml1 complex C A protein complex involved in regulation of non-nitrogen-starvation (NNS) autophagic process. In S. cerevisiae this complex contains Iml1p, Npr2p and Npr3p proteins. In humans the GATOR1 complex consists of DEPDC5, Nprl2, Nprl3.
1990131 Gtr1-Gtr2 GTPase complex C A heterodimer GTPase complex. In S. cerevisiae, this complex contains Gtr1p and Gtr2p proteins.
1990133 molybdopterin cofactor (Moco) biosynthesis adenylyltransferase complex C A heterodimeric protein complex which adenylates two molecules of the sulfur carrier subunit of the molybdopterin (MPT) cofactor synthase using ATP as part of molybdopterin cofactor (Moco) biosynthesis. In E. coli the subunits are MoeB and MoaD; Moco biosynthesis and its constituent molecules are evolutionarily conserved.
1990134 epithelial cell apoptotic process involved in palatal shelf morphogenesis P An apoptotic process in a palatal shelf epithelial cell that contributes to the shaping of the palatal shelf.
1990135 flavonoid sulfotransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: a flavonoid + 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate = sulfated flavonoid + adenosine-3',5'-diphosphate. This reaction is the transfer of a sulfate group to the hydroxyl group of a flavonoid acceptor, producing the sulfated flavonoid derivative.
1990136 linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: linoleate + O2 = (9S,10E,12Z)-9-hydroperoxy-10,12-octadecadienoate.
1990137 plant seed peroxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: R1H + R2OOH = R1OH + R2OH.
1990138 neuron projection extension P Long distance growth of a single neuron projection involved in cellular development. A neuron projection is a prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite.
1990139 protein localization to nuclear periphery P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the nuclear periphery.
1990140 MPT synthase complex C A heterodimeric protein complex which catalyses sulfur transfer from the sulfur carrier subunit of MPT synthase to precursor Z to synthesize MPT as part of molybdopterin cofactor (Moco) biosynthesis. In E. coli the subunits are MoaE and MoaD; in human, MOCS2B and MOCS2A. Moco biosynthesis and its constituent molecules are evolutionarily conserved.
1990141 chromatin silencing at centromere outer repeat region P Repression of transcription of DNA at the outer repeat region of a regional centromere by altering the structure of chromatin.
1990142 envenomation resulting in hemolysis in other organism P A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with hemolysis in the bitten organism.
1990143 CoA-synthesizing protein complex C A multisubunit complex likely involved in the synthesis of coenzyme A (CoA). In S. cerevisiae, the complex consists of at least Cab2, Cab3, Cab4 and Cab5 but may also include Sis2 and Vhs3. The latter subunits are shared by the GO:0071513 phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase complex that catalyses the third step of the coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthetic pathway.
1990144 intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hypoxia P A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to hypoxia (lowered oxygen tension). Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level. The pathway ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.
1990145 maintenance of translational fidelity P Suppression of the occurrence of translational errors, such as codon-anticodon mis-paring, during the process of translation of a protein using an mRNA template.
1990146 protein localization to rhabdomere P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a rhabdomere.
1990147 talin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a talin, a family of related cytoskeletal proteins that play a role in assembly of actin filaments and migration of various cell types.
1990148 glutamate dehydrogenase complex C A homomeric protein complex that possesses glutamate dehydrogenase activity. This complex is evolutionarily conserved except that the number of homoprotomers per complex varies.
1990150 VEGF-A complex C A homodimeric, extracellular protein complex containing two VEGF-A monomers. Binds to and activates a receptor tyrosine kinase.
1990151 protein localization to cell tip P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location at the cell tip.
1990152 protein localization to telomeric heterochromatin P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location in telomeric heterochromatin.
1990153 maintenance of protein localization to heterochromatin P A process in which a protein is maintained in a location in telomeric heterochromatin.
1990154 enzyme IIA-maltose transporter complex C A protein complex consisting of the pentameric maltose transporter complex bound to two enzyme IIA (EIIA) molecules. EIIA is a component of the glucose-specific phosphotransferase system that inhibits maltose transport from the periplasm to the cytoplasm. When EIIA-bound, the maltose transporter remains in the open, inward-facing conformation, which prevents binding of maltose-loaded maltose binding protein (MBP) to the transporter.
1990155 Dsc E3 ubiquitin ligase complex assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a Dsc E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex localized to the ER and Golgi membrane.
1990156 DnaB-DnaG complex C A protein complex containing homohexameric DnaB helicase, and DnaG (a primase). Facilitates the unwinding of double-stranded DNA and the synthesis of RNA primer sequences during DNA replication and repair in Prokaryotes.
1990157 DnaA-DnaB-DnaC complex C A protein-DNA complex consisting of the helicase loading complex DnaB-DnaC bound to the DNA-bound DNA replication initiation protein DnaA. Essential for DNA replication initiation.
1990158 DnaB-DnaC-DnaT-PriA-PriB complex C A protein-DNA complex consisting of the helicase loading complex DnaB-DnaC, replication restart proteins DnaT, PriA and PriB, and associated DNA. Involved in the restart of DNA replication after a stalled replication fork has been repaired.
1990159 DnaB-DnaC-DnaT-PriA-PriC complex C A protein-DNA complex consisting of the helicase loading complex DnaB-DnaC, replication restart proteins DnaT, PriA and PriC, and associated DNA. Involved in the restart of DNA replication after a stalled replication fork has been repaired.
1990160 DnaB-DnaC-Rep-PriC complex C A protein-DNA complex consisting of the helicase loading complex DnaB-DnaC, replication restart proteins Rep and PriC, and associated DNA. Involved in the restart of DNA replication after a stalled replication fork has been repaired.
1990161 DnaB helicase complex C A homohexameric protein complex that possesses DNA helicase activity; functions during DNA replication and repair.
1990162 histone deacetylase activity (H3-K4 specific) F Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 4) + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine (position 4) + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 4 of the histone H3 protein.
1990163 ATP-dependent four-way junction helicase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, where this reaction drives the unwinding of the DNA helix of DNA containing four-way junctions, including Holliday junctions.
1990164 histone H2A phosphorylation P The modification of histone H2A by the addition of a phosphate group.
1990165 single-strand break-containing DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with damaged DNA containing single-strand breaks (SSBs).
1990166 protein localization to site of double-strand break P Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a region of a chromosome at which a DNA double-strand break has occurred.
1990167 protein K27-linked deubiquitination P A protein deubiquitination process in which a K27-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 27 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein.
1990168 protein K33-linked deubiquitination P A protein deubiquitination process in which a K33-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 33 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein.
1990169 stress response to copper ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis caused by a copper ion stimulus.
1990170 stress response to cadmium ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis caused by a cadmium ion stimulus.
1990171 SCF complex disassembly in response to cadmium stress P The disaggregation of the SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in response to cadmium stress.
1990172 G-protein coupled receptor catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a G-protein coupled receptor.
1990173 protein localization to nucleoplasm P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the nucleoplasm.
1990174 phosphodiesterase decapping endonuclease activity F Catalysis of the removal of the cap from an unmethylated 5'-end capped RNA resulting in the release of the entire cap structure (GpppN) and a 5' monophosphorylated RNA.
1990175 EH domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an EH domain of a protein. The EH stand for Eps15 homology. This was originally identified as a motif present in three copies at the NH2-termini of Eps15 and of the related molecule Eps15R.
1990176 MalFGK2 complex C Protein complex involved in maltose transport through the plasma membrane. In E. coli, the complex is a tetramer and consists of a cytoplasmic ATPase MalK homodimer together with a heterodimeric transmembrane subunit MalF-MalG.
1990177 IHF-DNA complex C A protein-DNA complex containing IHF heterodimers (an alpha and a beta chain) bound to DNA. IHF binds to double-stranded DNA in a structure- and sequence-specific manner and bends the DNA into a nucleosome-like structure, the bacterial nucleoid.
1990178 HU-DNA complex C A protein-DNA complex that consists of HU heterodimers (an alpha and a beta chain) assembled into octamers along DNA. HU binds to double-stranded DNA in a structure- and sequence-specific manner and bends the DNA into a nucleosome-like structure.
1990179 protein localization to actomyosin contractile ring P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the actomyosin contractile ring.
1990180 mitochondrial tRNA 3'-end processing P The process in which the 3' end of a pre-tRNA molecule is converted to that of a mature tRNA in the mitochondrion.
1990181 acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from pantothenate P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA from pantothenate via phosphopantothenate and CoA.
1990182 exosomal secretion P The process whereby a membrane-bounded vesicle is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane.
1990183 lymphatic vascular process in circulatory system P A circulatory process that occurs at the level of the lymphatic vasculature.
1990184 amino acid transport complex C A heteromeric protein complex consisting of a multi-transmembrane spanning subunit (the light chain) and a type II glycoprotein subunit (the heavy chain) that functions to transport amino acids across a plasma membrane.
1990185 regulation of lymphatic vascular permeability P Any process that modulates the extent to which lymphatic vessels can be pervaded by fluid.
1990186 regulation of lymphatic vessel size P Any process that modulates the size of lymphatic vessels.
1990188 euchromatin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with euchromatin, a dispersed and relatively uncompacted form of chromatin.
1990189 peptide-serine-N-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + N-terminal L-serine in peptide = CoA + N-acetyl-L-serine-peptide.
1990190 peptide-glutamate-N-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + N-terminal L-glutamate in peptide = CoA + N-acetyl-L-glutamate-peptide.
1990191 cobalamin transport complex C Protein complex facilitating ATP-dependent cobalamin (vitamin B12) transport through inner cell membrane (periplasm to cytoplasm) in Gram-negative bacteria. In E. coli the system is composed of a periplasmic cobalamin-binding protein (BtuF), an integral membrane homodimer, BtuC, and a cytoplasmic ATP-binding homodimer BtuD.
1990192 collecting lymphatic vessel constriction P A decrease in the diameter of collecting lymphatic vessels.
1990193 BtuCD complex C Protein complex involved in cobalamin (vitamin B12) transport through the plasma membrane. In E. coli, the complex is a tetramer and consists of the cytoplasmic ATPase BtuD homodimer together with the transmembrane BtuC homodimer.
1990194 cytoplasmic U snRNP body assembly P The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a cytoplasmic U snRNP body.
1990195 macrolide transmembrane transporter complex C A bacterial transmembrane transporter complex that spans the entire cell membrane system and possesses ATP-dependent xenobiotic transport activity pumping drugs (typically antibiotics) and other toxins directly from the cytosol out of the bacterial cell. Typically, it is trimeric consisting of a inner membrane ATPase (IMP), a periplasmic membrane fusion protein (MFP) and an outer membrane factor (OMF). In E. coli, macrolide transporter complexes may consists of MacB (IMP), MacA (MFP) and TolC (OMF) or AcrB (IMP), AcrA (MFP) and TolC (OMF). Trimeric TolC is a common OMF found in many macrolide transporter complexes.
1990196 MacAB-TolC complex C The MacAB-TolC complex is a macrolide transporter complex found in E.coli and related gram-negative bacteria. Its transport activity is specific to macrolide compounds containing 14- and 15-membered lactones. It consists of the dimeric inner membrane ATPase MacB, the hexameric, periplasmic membrane fusion protein MacA and the trimeric outer membrane factor TolC.
1990197 ATP-dependent methionine-importing complex C An ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex that is capable of methionine-importing activity. An example is the bacterial MetNIQ methionine transporter, that consists of the dimeric ATPase subunit MetN located at the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane and the dimeric transmembrane subunit MetI. MetQ is regarded as the periplasmic methionine-binding chaperon subunit, and is capable of transporting methionine from the periplasm into the cytoplasm in an ATP-dependent manner.
1990198 ModE complex C A dimeric protein complex containing two ModE subunits. Binds directly to DNA to regulate transcription, and is involved in (positively and negatively) regulating various aspects of molybdenum metabolism.
1990199 MsbA transporter complex C An ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex made up of a dimer of MsbA. Facilitates the export across the plasma membrane of, amongst others, lipid A and lipopolysaccharide. In contrast to most ABC transporter complexes, each chain of the homodimer contains both the transmembrane domain (TMD) and the cytoplasmic ATP-binding domain (NBD).
1990200 SsuD-SsuE complex C A protein complex containing an alkanesulfonate monooxygenase subunit (SsuD tetramer in E.coli) and a flavin oxidoreductase subunit (SsuE dimer in E.coli). Involved in the utilization of alkanesulfonates as sulfur sources under conditions of sulfate or cysteine starvation.
1990201 alkanesulfonate monooxygenase complex C A protein complex capable of alkanesulfonate monooxygenase activity. Involved in the utilization of alkanesulfonates as sulfur sources under conditions of sulfate or cysteine starvation, catalyzing the conversion of alkanesulfonates into aldehydes and sulfite. In E.coli the complex consists of a SsuD tetramer.
1990202 FMN reductase complex C A protein complex capable of FMN reductase activity. Reduces FMN to FMNH2 in a NAD(P)H-dependent manner. In E.coli, consists of a SsuE dimer.
1990203 MdtBC Complex C A protein complex containing two transmembrane subunits; a MdtB dimer and one unit of MdtC. Capable of exporting substrates across the cell membrane. Involved in conferring antibiotic resistance of Gram-negative bacteria by transporting drugs across the membrane.
1990204 oxidoreductase complex C Any protein complex that possesses oxidoreductase activity.
1990205 taurine dioxygenase complex C A protein complex capable of catalyzing the conversion of taurine and alpha-ketoglutarate to sulfite, aminoacetaldehyde and succinate under sulfur or cysteine starvation conditions. Its expression is repressed by the presence of sulfate or cysteine. In E. coli it is a homodimer or homotetramer of the protein TauD.
1990206 jasmonyl-Ile conjugate hydrolase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: jasmonyl-Ile + H2O = jasmonic acid + L-isoleucine.
1990207 EmrE multidrug transporter complex C A transmembrane protein complex capable of transporting positively charged hydrophobic drugs across the plasma membrane thereby involved in conferring resistance to a wide range of toxic compounds (e.g. methyl viologen, ethidium bromide and acriflavine). It is commonly found in bacteria. In E. coli it forms a homodimer.
1990208 positive regulation by symbiont of RNA levels in host P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the RNA levels in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
1990209 negative regulation by symbiont of RNA levels in host P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the RNA levels in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
1990210 positive regulation by symbiont of indole acetic acid levels in host P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the indole acetic acid levels in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
1990211 positive regulation by symbiont of jasmonic acid levels in host P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the jasmonic acid levels in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
1990212 positive regulation by symbiont of ethylene levels in host P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the ethylene levels in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
1990213 negative regulation by symbiont of salicylic acid levels in host P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of salicylic acid levels in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
1990214 negative regulation by symbiont of host protein levels P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein levels in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
1990215 negative regulation by symbiont of host intracellular transport P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular transport in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
1990216 positive regulation by symbiont of host transcription P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
1990217 negative regulation by symbiont of host phytoalexin production P Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phytoalexin production in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
1990218 positive regulation by symbiont of abscisic acid levels in host P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the abscisic acid levels in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
1990219 positive regulation by symbiont of host protein levels P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein levels in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
1990220 GroEL-GroES complex C Bacterial chaperonin complex consisting of a heptameric 10kDa chaperonin subunit GroES and a tetradecameric (2x7) 60kDa chaperonin subunit GroEL. The 60kDa subunit possesses ATPase activity while the holo-enzyme is responsible for the correct folding of proteins.
1990221 L-cysteine desulfurase complex C A protein complex capable of cysteine desulfurase activity decomposing L-cysteine to L-alanine and sulfur. It belongs to a ubiquitous family of pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes. In E. coli it consists of a SufS dimer.
1990222 ProVWX complex C The ProVWX complex belongs to the family of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter proteins complexes. It consists of a cytoplasmic ATPase subunit ProV, a transmembrane subunit ProW and a periplasmic binding protein ProX. It is capable of translocating a wide variety of solute (e.g. glycine betaine) across the plasma membrane and is activated under osmotic stress conditions.
1990223 positive regulation by symbiont of cytokinin levels in host P Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the cytokinin levels in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
1990224 NMN phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: beta-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide (NMN-) + H2O = beta-nicotinamide D-riboside (nicotinamide ribose, NmR) + phosphate.
1990225 rhoptry neck C Narrow, electron-dense part of the rhoptry that extends through the conoid at the apical tip of an apicomplexan parasite. The rhoptry neck serves as a duct through which the contents of the rhoptry are secreted after attachment to the host has been completed and at the commencement of invasion.
1990226 histone methyltransferase binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a histone methyltransferase enzyme.
1990227 paranodal junction maintenance P The maintenance of a paranodal junction, a highly specialized cell-cell junction found in vertebrates, which forms between a neuron and a glial cell, and has structural similarity to Drosophila septate junctions. A paranodal junction flanks the node of Ranvier in myelinated nerve, electrically isolates the myelinated from unmyelinated nerve segments, and physically separates the voltage-gated sodium channels at the node from the cluster of potassium channels underneath the myelin sheath.
1990228 sulfurtransferase complex C A protein complex capable of catalyzing the transfer of sulfur atoms from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
1990229 iron-sulfur cluster assembly complex C A protein complex capable of assembling an iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster.
1990230 iron-sulfur cluster transfer complex C A protein complex capable of catalyzing the transfer of an iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
1990231 STING complex C A protein dimer containing two STING monomers. It binds cyclic purine di-nucleotides. Activation of the sting complex by 2',5'-3'-5'-cyclic GMP-AMP activates nuclear transcription factor kB (NF-kB) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) which then induce transcription of the genes encoding type I IFN and cytokines active in the innate immune response.
1990232 phosphomannomutase complex C A protein complex capable of phosphomannomutase activity.
1990233 intramolecular phosphotransferase complex C A protein complex capable of catalyzing the transfer of a phosphate group from one position to another within a single molecule.
1990234 transferase complex C A protein complex capable of catalyzing the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor).
1990235 diamine N-acetyltransferase complex C A protein complex which is capable of diamine N-acetyltransferase activity.
1990236 proteasome core complex import into nucleus P The directed movement of the proteasome core complex (AKA core particle (CP)) from the cytoplasm into the nucleus.
1990237 sequestration of proteasome core complex in proteasome storage granule P Any process where the proteasome core particle (CP) is sequestered in the protein storage granule in the cytoplasm.
1990238 double-stranded DNA endodeoxyribonuclease activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within a double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid molecule by creating internal breaks.
1990239 steroid hormone binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a steroid hormone.
1990240 methionine-importing activity F Catalysis of the transfer of methionine into a cell or organelle, across a membrane.
1990243 atf1-pcr1 complex C A heterodimeric transcription factor complex composed of the bZIP proteins atf1 and pcr1. The heterodimer binds m26 sites (homologous to CRE).
1990244 histone kinase activity (H2A-T120 specific) F Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to the threonine-120 residue of histone H2A.
1990245 histone H2A-T120 phosphorylation P The modification of histone H2A by the addition of a phosphate group to a threonine residue at position 120 of the histone.
1990246 uniplex complex C A calcium channel complex in the mitochondrial inner membrane capable of highly-selective calcium channel activity. Its components include the EF-hand-containing proteins mitochondrial calcium uptake 1 (MICU1) and MICU2, the pore-forming subunit mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) and its paralog MCUb, and the MCU regulator EMRE.
1990247 N6-methyladenosine-containing RNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA molecule modified by N6-methyladenosine (m6A), a modification present at internal sites of mRNAs and some non-coding RNAs.
1990248 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to DNA damage P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of DNA damage.
1990249 nucleotide-excision repair, DNA damage recognition complex C A protein complex that is capable of identifying lesions in DNA, such as pyrimidine-dimers, intrastrand cross-links, and bulky adducts. The wide range of substrate specificity suggests that the repair complex recognizes distortions in the DNA helix. It subsequently recruits a nucleotide-excision repair, preincision complex.
1990250 transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair, DNA damage recognition complex C A protein complex that is capable of identifying lesions in DNA on the actively transcribed strand of the DNA duplex as well as a small subset of lesions not recognized by the general nucleotide-excision repair pathway. The wide range of substrate specificity suggests that the repair complex recognizes distortions in the DNA helix. It subsequently recruits a nucleotide-excision repair, preincision complex.
1990251 Mmi1 nuclear focus complex C A protein complex that forms during vegetative growth and is involved in the selective degradation of meiosis-specific transcripts. Contains at least Mmi1, or an ortholog of it.
1990252 Syp1 complex C A protein complex that contributes to the endocytic process and bud growth in yeast. It is involved in the precise timing of actin assembly during endocytosis.
1990253 cellular response to leucine starvation P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of leucine.
1990254 keratin filament binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a keratin filament, an intermediate filament composed of acidic and basic keratins (types I and II), typically expressed in epithelial cells.
1990255 subsynaptic reticulum organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a subsynaptic reticulum. A subsynaptic reticulum is an elaborate tubulolamellar membrane system that underlies the postsynaptic cell membrane.
1990256 signal clustering P Grouping of multiple copies of a signal at a cellular location. May promote receptor clustering and alter the signal transduction response.
1990257 piccolo-bassoon transport vesicle C A cytoplasmic dense-core vesicle that transports a range of proteins including piccolo, bassoon, N-cadherin and syntaxin. The transported proteins may be associated with the external side of the vesicle, rather than being contained within the vesicle, therefore forming an aggregate of vesicle and proteins. Piccolo-bassoon transport vesicles (or PTVs) range in size from approximately 80 nm in diameter for dense core vesicles to 130 nm by 220 nm in area for aggregates. They are packaged via the trans-Golgi network before being transported through the axon.
1990258 histone glutamine methylation P The modification of a histone by addition of a methyl group to an glutamine residue.
1990259 histone-glutamine methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone)-glutamine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone)-N5-methyl-glutamine.
1990260 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by transcription factor localization involved in response to DNA damage checkpoint signaling P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter using a mechanism that involves the localization of a transcription factor and initiated in response to the DNA damage checkpoint signaling.
1990261 pre-mRNA catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the unspliced pre-mRNA (pre-messenger RNA).
1990262 anti-Mullerian hormone signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of anti-Mullerian hormone to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
1990263 MAPK cascade in response to starvation P A MAPK cascade that occurs as a result of deprivation of nourishment.
1990264 peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation involved in inactivation of protein kinase activity P Any peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation that is involved in inactivation of protein kinase activity.
1990265 platelet-derived growth factor complex C A protein complex consisting of two chains of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) subunits. PDGF dimers bind to PDGF receptors in the plasma membrane and induce receptor dimerisation and activation. PDGFs are involved in a wide variety of signalling processes. PDGFs are found in all vertebrates where at least 2 different chains (A and B) exist. In human (and other mammals), four types of PDGF chains (A, B, C, and D) are known which form five different dimers (AA, AB, BB, CC and DD).
1990266 neutrophil migration P The movement of an neutrophil within or between different tissues and organs of the body.
1990267 response to transition metal nanoparticle P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a transition metal nanoparticle.
1990268 response to gold nanoparticle P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gold nanoparticle stimulus.
1990269 RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain phosphoserine binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphorylated serine residues in the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II.
1990270 platelet-derived growth factor receptor-ligand complex C A tetrameric protein complex consisting of two platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor subunits and two PDGF ligand subunits. Binding of the PDGF ligand dimer to the PDGF receptor in the plasma membrane induces receptor dimerisation and activation. PDGFs are involved in a wide variety of signalling processes and are found in all vertebrates. At least two different receptor chains (A and B) and four types of ligand chains (A, B, C, and D) are known forming a wide variety of combinations of receptor-ligand complexes.
1990272 anti-Mullerian hormone receptor activity F Combining with anti-Mullerian hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.
1990273 snRNA 5'-end processing P Any process involved in forming the mature 5' end of an snRNA molecule.
1990274 mitotic actomyosin contractile ring disassembly P Any disaggregation of an actomyosin contractile ring into its constituent components that is involved in a mitotic cell cycle.
1990275 preribosome binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any part of a preribosome.
1990276 RNA 5'-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the 5'-gamma-phosphate in an RNA molecule.
1990277 parasexual conjugation with cellular fusion P A conjugation process that results in the union of cellular and genetic information from compatible mating types, without the formation of zygotes. An example of this process is found in Candida albicans.
1990280 RNA localization to chromatin P A process in which RNA is transported to and maintained in a part of a chromosome that is organized into chromatin.
1990281 efflux pump complex C A protein complex that is capable of efflux transmembrane transporter activity.
1990294 peptidyl-threonine trans-autophosphorylation P The phosphorylation of a peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine on an identical protein. For example, phosphorylation by the other kinase within a homodimer.
1990295 post-anaphase microtubule array C A cytoskeletal part that consists of an array of microtubules and associated molecules that forms at the end of anaphase, and in which microtubules are nucleated from an equatorial microtubule organizing center.
1990296 scaffoldin complex C A protein complex that contains one or more scaffoldin proteins and several cellulosomal enzymes.
1990297 renal amino acid absorption P A renal system process in which amino acids are taken up from the collecting ducts, glomerulus and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures.
1990298 bub1-bub3 complex C Protein complex that associates with the kinetochores.
1990299 Bub1-Bub3 complex localization to kinetochore P A cellular protein complex localization that acts on a Bub1-Bub3 complex; as a result, the complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location at the kinetochore.
1990300 cellulosome binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the cellulosome, an extracellular multi-enzyme complex containing several enzymes aligned on a non-catalytic scaffolding that functions to hydrolyze plant cell wall polysaccharides.
1990301 scaffoldin complex binding F A protein complex that contains one or more scaffoldin proteins and several cellulosomal enzymes ant that interacts selectively and non-covalently with the scaffoldin complex.
1990302 Bre1-Rad6 ubiquitin ligase complex C A ubiquitin ligase complex consisting of Bre1 and Rad6 that mediates monoubiquitination of histone H2B to form H2BK123ub1. H2BK123ub1 gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation, elongation by RNA polymerase II, telomeric silencing, and is also a prerequisite for H3K4me and H3K79me formation. It thereby plays a central role in histone code and gene regulation. It also modulates the formation of double-strand breaks during meiosis.
1990303 UBR1-RAD6 ubiquitin ligase complex C A ubiquitin ligase complex consisting of UBR1 and RAD6 components. It polyubiquitinates proteins containing non-acetylated N-terminal residues causing their subsequent degradation by the proteasome as part of the Ac/N-End Rule pathway. It recognizes non-acetylated N-terminal methionine if it is followed by a hydrophobic residue. Additionally, it acts in an N-end rule independent manner as a component of a novel quality control pathway for proteins synthesized on cytosolic ribosomes.
1990304 MUB1-RAD6-UBR2 ubiquitin ligase complex C A ubiquitin ligase complex consisting of MUB1, RAD6 and UBR2 components. It ubiquitinates, and targets for destruction, the RPN4 transcription factor, which upregulates the proteasome genes. The binding of MUB1 may position the RPN4 ubiquitylation site proximal to the Ubiquitin-RAD6 thioester and allow the transfer of Ubiquitin from RAD6 to RPN4. One of its components, MUB1, is a short-lived protein ubiquitinated by the UBR2-RAD6 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme.
1990305 RAD6-UBR2 ubiquitin ligase complex C A ubiquitin ligase complex consisting of RAD6 and UBR2 components. It may act in a quality control pathway for proteins synthesized on cytosolic ribosomes. The UBR2 component lacks sequence motifs required for N-end rule degradation.
1990306 RSP5-BUL ubiquitin ligase complex C A ubiquitin ligase complex consisting of RSP5 and BUL components. It polyubiquinates plasma membrane transporters and permeases, required for their endocytosis and subsequent degradation in the vacuole. BUL1 or BUL2, respectively, bind to the target protein, enabling ubiquitylation by Rsp5. Phosphorylation of BUL proteins results in binding to 14-3-3 proteins, protecting the permeases from down-regulation.
1990308 Type-I dockerin domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type-I dockerin domain of a protein. Type-I dockerin domain is the binding partner of type-1 cohesin domain.
1990309 Type-II dockerin domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type-II dockerin domain of a protein. Type-II dockerin domain is the binding partner of type-II cohesin domain.
1990310 Type-III dockerin domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type-III dockerin domain of a protein. Type-III dockerin domain is the binding partner of type-III cohesin domain.
1990311 Type-I cohesin domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type-I cohesin domain of a protein. Type-I cohesin domain is the binding partner of type-I dockerin domain.
1990312 Type-II cohesin domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type-II cohesin domain of a protein. Type-II cohesin domain is the binding partner of type-II dockerin domain.
1990313 Type-III cohesin domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type-III cohesin domain of a protein. Type-III cohesin domain is the binding partner of type-III dockerin domain.
1990314 cellular response to insulin-like growth factor stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin-like growth factor stimulus.
1990315 Mcs4 RR-MAPKKK complex C A protein complex that consists of a phospho relay component and a MAPK cascade component. The complex is involved in signaling oxidative stress and osmostress.
1990316 ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex C A protein complex consisting of ATG1/ULK1 and ATG13 along with other proteins that regulate its function (e.g. ATG17 in yeast or RB1CC1(FIP200) in mammals). This complex has serine/threonine protein kinase activity and is involved in autophagosome formation.
1990317 Gin4 complex C A protein complex involved in septin ring formation during mitosis. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae it consists of BNI5, CDC3, CDC10, CDC11, CDC12, GIN4, NAP1 and SHS1. At least 2 GIN4 molecules are involved.
1990318 collagen type XIX trimer C A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XIX) chains; type XIX collagen triple helices localize to basement membrane zones in differentiating muscle cells.
1990319 collagen type XX trimer C A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XX) chains.
1990320 collagen type XXI trimer C A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XXI) chains; type XXI collagen triple helices found in the extracellular matrix component of blood vessel walls and in the cytoplasm of cultured human aortic smooth muscle.
1990321 collagen type XXII trimer C A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XXII) chains; type XXII collagen triple helices acts as a cell adhesion ligand for skin epithelial cells and fibroblasts.
1990322 collagen type XXIII trimer C A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XXIII) chains; type XXIII collagen triple helices span the plasma membrane.
1990323 collagen type XXIV trimer C A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XXIV) chains; type XXIV collagen triple helices may participate in regulating type I collagen fibrillogenesis at specific anatomical locations during fetal development.
1990324 collagen type XXVI trimer C A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XXVI) chains.
1990325 collagen type XXVII trimer C A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XXVII) chains. These trimers form thin, non-striated fibrils. Type XXVII collagen triple helices play a role during the calcification of cartilage and the transition of cartilage to bone.
1990326 collagen type XXVIII trimer C A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XXVIII) chains.
1990327 collagen type XXV trimer C A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XXV) chains; type XXV collagen triple helices span the plasma membrane.
1990328 RNA polymerase II, RPB4-RPB7 subcomplex C A protein complexes that mediates transcription and the two major cytoplasmic mRNA decay pathways and is required for efficient translation initiation in association with RNA polymerase II (Pol II).
1990329 IscS-TusA complex C A heterotetrameric protein complex involved in the sulfur-relay system required for 2-thiolation of 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine (mnm5s2U) at tRNA wobble positions. In E. coli it consists of a central IscS dimer with the two TusA protomers bound to one of the IscS units each via persulfide (-SSH) groups.
1990330 IscS-IscU complex C A heterotetrameric protein complex involved in the sulfur transfer during iron-sulfur cluster assembly and in the modification of tRNA wobble positions. In E. coli it consisting of a central IscS dimer with the IscU protomers attached to one of the IscS units each via a disulfide (-SSH) group.
1990331 Hpa2 acetyltransferase complex C A tetrameric protein complex capable of acetyltransferase activity. It can catalyze the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to an acceptor residue on histone H-3, histone H-4, or on polyamines. The complex is also capable of acetylating certain small basic proteins. The two Hpa2 dimers that make up the tetramer are held together by interactions between the bound acetyl-CoA molecules.
1990332 Ire1 complex C A type-I transmembrane protein complex located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) consisting of an IRE1-IRE1 dimer, which forms in response to the accumulation of unfolded protein in the ER. The dimeric complex has endoribonuclease (RNase) activity and evokes the unfolded protein response (UPR) by cleaving an intron of a mRNA coding for the transcription factor HAC1 in yeast or XBP1 in mammals; the complex cleaves a single phosphodiester bond in each of two RNA hairpins (with non-specific base paired stems and loops of consensus sequence CNCNNGN, where N is any base) to remove an intervening intron from the target transcript.
1990333 mitotic checkpoint complex, CDC20-MAD2 subcomplex C A protein complex involved in the spindle checkpoint, preventing the activation of the anaphase-promoting complex until all chromosomes are correctly attached in a bipolar fashion to the mitotic spindle. In budding yeast this complex consists of Mad2p and Cdc20p, and in mammalian cells it consists of MAD2 and CDC20.
1990334 Bfa1-Bub2 complex C A protein complex that acts as a two-component GTPase-activating protein for Tem1 GTPase, thus regulating a signal transduction cascade, called the mitotic exit network (MEN), which is required for mitotic exit and cytokinesis. Bub2/Bfa1 keeps Tem1 inactive until the spindle is properly oriented, thus inhibiting MEN activation.
1990335 process resulting in tolerance to alcohol P A response to alcohol that results in a state of tolerance to alcohol.
1990336 process resulting in tolerance to butan-1-ol P A response to butan-1-ol that results in a state of tolerance to butan-1-ol.
1990337 process resulting in tolerance to isobutanol P A response to isobutanol that results in a state of tolerance to isobutanol.
1990338 laminin-14 complex C A laminin complex composed of alpha4, beta2 and gamma3 polypeptide chains.
1990339 laminin-522 complex C A laminin complex composed of alpha5, beta2 and gamma2 polypeptide chains.
1990340 laminin-15 complex C A laminin complex composed of alpha5, beta2 and gamma3 polypeptide chains.
1990341 thrombospondin complex C A homotrimeric or homopentameric glycoprotein that functions at the interface of the cell membrane and the extracellular matrix through its interactions with proteins and proteoglycans, such as collagens, integrins and fibronectin, to regulate matrix structure and cellular behaviour.
1990342 heterochromatin island C A region of heterochromatin that is formed dynamically in response to environmental signals by a process that does not require RNAi, and is enriched in histone H3 methylated on lysine 9 (H3K9me).
1990343 heterochromatin domain C A region of heterochromatin that is formed dynamically under specific growth conditions by a process that requires RNAi, and is enriched in histone H3 methylated on lysine 9 (H3K9me).
1990344 secondary cell septum biogenesis P A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a secondary cell septum following nuclear division.
1990345 MTREC complex C A protein complex that consists of a heterodimer formed by Red1 and Mtl1 or homologs thereof, and that promotes degradation of mRNAs and noncoding RNAs and associates with different proteins to assemble heterochromatin via distinct mechanisms.
1990346 BID-BCL-xl complex C A heterodimeric protein complex consisting of BID and BCL-xl, members of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.
1990349 gap junction-mediated intercellular transport P The movement of substances between cells via gap junctions. A gap junction is a fine cytoplasmic channel, found in animal cells, that connects the cytoplasm of one cell to that of an adjacent cell, allowing ions and other molecules to pass freely between the two cells.
1990350 glucose transporter complex C A protein complex facilitating glucose transport into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
1990351 transporter complex C A protein complex facilitating transport of molecules (proteins, small molecules, nucleic acids) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
1990352 BRE1 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex C A homodimeric protein complex composed of the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase BRE1. Plays a role in regulating association of RNA polymerase II with active genes.
1990353 Fused-Smurf ubiquitin ligase complex C A ubiquitin ligase complex. In D. melanogaster, it regulates ubiquitination and proteolysis of the BMP receptor Thickveins in cystoblasts, potentially by controlling Tkv ubiquitination and degradation.
1990354 activated SUMO-E1 ligase complex C A protein complex consisting of a SUMO protein bound to a SUMO activating enzyme complex. Activation by the E1 complex and linkage to the E2 enzyme UBE2I is required for the formation of covalent bonds between SUMO and its ultimate target proteins.
1990355 L-methionine salvage from methionine sulphoxide P The generation of L-methionine from methionine sulphoxide.
1990356 sumoylated E2 ligase complex C A protein complex consisting of a SUMO (small ubiquitin-related modifier) protein bound to a SUMO-conjugating E2 ligase. Sumoylation of the E2 ligase is an intermediate step required for the formation of covalent bonds between a SUMO protein and its ultimate protein target. SUMO is transferred to the E2 ligase by a SUMO-activating E1 enzyme. Sumoylation of the target protein is either facilitated directly by the sumoylated E2 ligase or aided by an optional E3 ligase.
1990357 terminal web C An actin-rich cytoskeletal network located beneath the microvilli of the apical plasma membrane of polarized epithelial cells. In addition to actin filaments, the terminal web may contain actin-binding proteins, myosin motor proteins, and intermediate filaments. The terminal web can function as a contractile structure that influences the spatial distribution of microvilli as well as the development and morphogenesis of tissues containing polarized epithelial cells.
1990358 xylanosome C A multifunctional supermolecular complex, containing several proteins with hemicellulase activity. Functions to hydrolyze hemicellulose.
1990359 stress response to zinc ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis caused by a zinc ion stimulus.
1990360 PKM2 protein kinase complex C A protein complex capable of phosphorylating a large number of protein targets. Contributes to cell proliferation under glycose starvation conditions. In human, the complex is present as a dimer.
1990361 PKM2 pyruvate kinase complex C A protein complex capable of pyruvate kinase activity. PKM2 only exists as homotetramer when bound to beta-d-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate (CHEBI:28013).
1990362 butanol dehydrogenase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: butanal + NADH + H+ => n-butanol + NAD+.
1990367 process resulting in tolerance to organic substance P A response that results in a state of tolerance to an organic substance.
1990369 process resulting in tolerance to ketone P A response that results in a state of tolerance to ketone.
1990370 process resulting in tolerance to aldehyde P A response that results in a state of tolerance to aldehyde.
1990371 process resulting in tolerance to phenol P A response that results in a state of tolerance to phenol.
1990372 process resulting in tolerance to organic acid P A response that results in a state of tolerance to organic acid.
1990373 process resulting in tolerance to alkane P A response that results in a state of tolerance to alkane.
1990374 Kir2 inward rectifier potassium channel complex C A inward rectifier potassium channel complex. Homo- or heterotetramer composed of subunits of the eukaryotic Kir2 protein family. Plays a key role in maintaining the correct resting potential in eukaryotic cells.
1990375 baculum development P The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of the baculum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
1990377 organomineral extracellular matrix C An extracellular matrix consisting of a densely packed organomineral assembly in which the mineral phase represents the majority of the material by weight.
1990378 upstream stimulatory factor complex C A protein complex capable of sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity through binding to a symmetrical DNA sequence (E-boxes) (5'-CACGTG-3'). Found in a variety of viral and cellular promoters.
1990379 lipid transport across blood brain barrier P The directed movement of lipid molecules passing through the blood-brain barrier.
1990380 Lys48-specific deubiquitinase activity F Hydrolysis of Lys48-linked ubiquitin unit(s) from a ubiquitinated protein.
1990381 ubiquitin-specific protease binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a ubiquitin-specific protease.
1990383 cellular response to biotin starvation P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of biotin.
1990384 hyaloid vascular plexus regression P The developmental process in which the hyaloid vascular plexus is destroyed as a part of its normal progression.
1990385 meiotic spindle midzone C The area in the center of the meiotic spindle where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap.
1990386 mitotic cleavage furrow ingression P Advancement of the mitotic cleavage furrow from the outside of the cell inward towards the center of the cell. The cleavage furrow acts as a 'purse string' which draws tight to separate daughter cells during mitotic cytokinesis and partition the cytoplasm between the two daughter cells. The furrow ingresses until a cytoplasmic bridge is formed.
1990387 isogloboside biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a lactosyl-ceramide derivative in which a galactose is linked to the galactose via an alpha 1,3 linkage (vs alpha 1,4 for globosides).
1990388 xylem-to-phloem iron transport P The directed movement of iron ions into the phloem from the xylem.
1990389 CUE1-UBC7 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme complex C A protein complex capable of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme activity during ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). In S. cerevisiae, UBC7 is the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2) and requires binding to the ER surface by CUE1.
1990390 protein K33-linked ubiquitination P A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 33 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein.
1990391 DNA repair complex C A protein complex involved in DNA repair processes including direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway.
1990392 EFF-1 complex C A trimeric cell-cell fusion complex that serves as a scaffold for zippering up the extracellular domains, bringing the transmembrane segments into close proximity such that they can continue zippering within the two membranes into one. Two prefusion monomers cluster at the surface of adjacent cells. Parallel EFF-1 interactions occur across cells and a third monomer, which can come from either cell, adds on to make an intermediate, extended trimer.
1990393 3M complex C A protein complex, at least composed of CUL7, CCDC8 and OBSL1, that is required for maintaining microtubule and genome integrity.
1990394 cellular response to cell wall damage P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of cell wall damage. The process begins with detection of the damage and ends with a change in state or activity of the cell.
1990395 meiotic spindle pole body organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the meiotic spindle pole body.
1990396 single-strand break repair via homologous recombination P The error-free repair of a single-strand break in DNA in which the broken DNA molecule is repaired using homologous sequences. A strand in the broken DNA searches for a homologous region in an intact chromosome to serve as the template for DNA synthesis. The restoration of two intact DNA molecules results in the exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between the intact DNA molecule and the broken DNA molecule.
1990397 queuosine salvage P Any process which produces queuosine from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
1990398 Cus cation efflux complex C Transmembrane complex that mediates resistance to copper and silver by cation efflux directly from the cell using the proton-motive force. Spans the inner membrane, periplasm, and outer membrane. Primarily activated under anaerobic conditions by CusR and CusS but also expressed under extreme copper stress, in aerobic growth.
1990399 epithelium regeneration P The regrowth of lost or destroyed epithelium.
1990400 mitochondrial ribosomal large subunit rRNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit RNA (LSU rRNA), a constituent of the mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit.
1990401 embryonic lung development P The process occurring during the embryonic phase whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
1990402 embryonic liver development P The process occurring during the embryonic phase whose specific outcome is the progression of the liver over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
1990403 embryonic brain development P The process occurring during the embryonic phase whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
1990404 protein ADP-ribosylase activity F The transfer, from NAD, of ADP-ribose to a protein amino acid residue.
1990405 protein antigen binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein antigen.
1990406 CGRP receptor complex C A transmembrane, G-protein-coupled signalling receptor complex recognized by calcitonin gene-related peptides (CGRP).
1990407 calcitonin gene-related peptide binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP).
1990408 calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) combining with a calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor on the surface of the target cell. Calcitonin gene-related peptide receptors may form dimers, trimers or tetramers.
1990409 adrenomedullin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with adrenomedullin (AM).
1990410 adrenomedullin receptor signaling pathway P A series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular adrenomedullin combining with a dimeric adrenomedullin receptor on the surface of the target cell.
1990411 hercynylcysteine sulfoxide lyase activity (ergothioneine-forming) F Catalysis of the reaction: hercynylcysteine sulfoxide + 2H+ = ergothioneine + pyruvate + ammonium.
1990412 hercynylselenocysteine lyase activity (selenoneine-forming) F Catalysis of the reaction: hercynylselenocysteine + 2H+ = selenoneine + pyruvate + ammonium.
1990413 eyespot apparatus C A small pigmented organelle used in single-celled organisms to detect light.
1990414 replication-born double-strand break repair via sister chromatid exchange P The repair of a replication-born double-strand DNA break in which the DNA molecule is repaired using the homologous sequence of the sister chromatid which serves as a template to repair the breaks.
1990415 Pex17p-Pex14p docking complex C A protein complex involved in the peroxisomal import machinery. In S. cerevisiae, this complex contains the proteins Pex17p, Pex14p, Pex19, and Pex13p.
1990416 cellular response to brain-derived neurotrophic factor stimulus P A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a brain-derived neurotrophic factor stimulus.
1990417 snoRNA release from pre-rRNA P The release of snoRNA from pre-rRNA.
1990418 response to insulin-like growth factor stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin-like growth factor stimulus.
1990420 establishment of septation initiation network asymmetry P The septation initiation signaling process by which the activity of the septation initiation network (SIN) is activated asymmetrically on the spindle pole bodies.
1990421 subtelomeric heterochromatin C Heterochromatic regions of the chromosome found at the subtelomeric regions.
1990422 glyoxalase (glycolic acid-forming) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: glyoxal + H2O = glycolic acid. Catalysis occurs in the absence of a cofactor.
1990423 RZZ complex C A kinetochore component required for both meiotic and mitotic spindle assembly checkpoints.
1990424 protein arginine kinase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein arginine = ADP + protein arginine phosphate.
1990425 ryanodine receptor complex C A voltage-gated calcium-release channel complex of the sarcoplasmic or endoplasmic reticulum. It plays an important role in the excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling of muscle cells. RyR comprises a family of ryanodine receptors, widely expressed throughout the animal kingdom.
1990426 mitotic recombination-dependent replication fork processing P Replication fork processing that includes recombination between DNA near the arrested fork and homologous sequences. Proteins involved in homologous recombination are required for replication restart.
1990427 stereocilia tip-link density C An electron-dense plaque at either end of a stereocilia tip link that provides the anchor in the stereocilia membrane.
1990428 miRNA transport P The directed movement of microRNA (miRNA) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
1990429 peroxisomal importomer complex C A protein complex responsible for transporting proteins into the peroxisomal matrix. An example of this complex is Pex14 found in S. cerevisae which has 9 core components and 12 transient interaction partners.
1990430 extracellular matrix protein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein that is part of an extracellular matrix.
1990431 priRNA 3'-end processing P The process of forming the mature 3' end of a priRNA molecule.
1990432 siRNA 3'-end processing P The process of forming the mature 3' end of a siRNA molecule.
1990433 CSL-Notch-Mastermind transcription factor complex C A DNA binding transcription factor complex consisting of CSL and mastermind proteins in complex with the cleaved, intracellular domain of Notch. It is required for both repression and activation of Notch target genes.
1990434 lower tip-link density C An electron-dense plaque at the lower end of a stereocilia tip link that provides the anchor in the stereocilia membrane at the tip of the stereocilium from which the tip link rises.
1990435 upper tip-link density C An electron-dense plaque at the upper end of a stereocilia tip link that provides the anchor in the stereocilia membrane on the side of the stereocilium where the tip link ends.
1990437 snRNA 2'-O-methylation P The posttranscriptional addition of a methyl group to the 2' oxygen atom of a nucleotide residue in an snRNA molecule.
1990438 U6 2'-O-snRNA methylation P The posttranscriptional addition a methyl group to the 2'-oxygen atom of a nucleotide residue in an U6 snRNA molecule.
1990439 MAP kinase threonine phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: MAP kinase threonine phosphate + H2O = MAP kinase tyrosine + phosphate.
1990440 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of an endoplasmic reticulum stress.
1990441 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of an endoplasmic reticulum stress.
1990442 intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to nitrosative stress P A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to nitrosative stress; a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of nitric oxide (NO) or the highly reactive oxidant peroxynitrite, which is produced following interaction of NO with superoxide anions.
1990443 peptidyl-threonine autophosphorylation P The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own threonine amino acid residues, or a threonine residue on an identical protein.
1990444 F-box domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an F-box domain of a protein.
1990446 U1 snRNP binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any part of a U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle.
1990447 U2 snRNP binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any part of a U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle.
1990448 exon-exon junction complex binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an exon-exon junction complex, a protein complex deposited by the spliceosome upstream of messenger RNA exon-exon junctions. The exon-exon junction complex provides a binding platform for factors involved in mRNA export and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay.
1990450 linear polyubiquitin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a linear polymer of ubiquitin. Linear ubiquitin polymers are formed by linking the amino-terminal methionine (M1) of one ubiquitin molecule to the carboxy-terminal glycine (G76) of the next.
1990451 cellular stress response to acidic pH P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in the homeostasis of organismal or cellular pH (with pH < 7). pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
1990452 Parkin-FBXW7-Cul1 ubiquitin ligase complex C A ubiquitin ligase complex containing Parkin (PARK2), the F-box protein FBXW7 (also called SEL-10) and a cullin from the Cul1 subfamily; substrate specificity is conferred by the F-box protein.
1990453 nucleosome disassembly/reassembly complex C A protein complex involved in the disassembly and subsequent reassembly of nucleosomes. It associates with the coding region of transcriptionally active genes where it interacts with the RNA polymerase II and affects its processivity during co-transcriptional RNA processing and maturation. It exists as a functionally independent part of the NuA4 complex.
1990454 L-type voltage-gated calcium channel complex C A type of voltage-dependent calcium channel responsible for excitation-contraction coupling of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle. 'L' stands for 'long-lasting' referring to the length of activation.
1990455 PTEN phosphatase complex C A phospholipid phosphatase complex that catalyses the hydrolysis of the second messenger PtdIns (3,4,5)P3. Will also dephosphorylate PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns3P, and Ins(1,3,4,5)P4. Dimerization is critical for its lipid phosphatase function.
1990456 mitochondrion-ER tethering P The attachment of the mitochondrion to specific sites on the endoplasmic reticulum, which may facilitate exchange of metabolites between the organelles.
1990457 pexophagosome C A membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle involved in the degradation of peroxisome by macropexophagy.
1990458 lipooligosaccharide binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with lipooligosaccharide. Lipooligosaccharides (LOSs) are the major glycolipids expressed on mucosal Gram-negative bacteria.
1990459 transferrin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the transferrin receptor.
1990460 leptin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the leptin receptor.
1990461 detoxification of iron ion P Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of iron ion. These include transport of iron away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of iron ion.
1990462 omegasome C Omega-shaped (as in the Greek capital letter) intracellular membrane-bounded organelle enriched in phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and dynamically connected to the endoplasmic reticulum. Omegasomes are the first step of the formation of autophagosomes via the pre-autophagosomal structures.
1990463 lateral cortical node C A protein complex that is anchored at the cortical face of the plasma membrane, and contains proteins involved in regulating cell cycle progression. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, lateral cortical nodes are several megadaltons in size, and contain Slf1, which anchors the complex at the membrane, and the methyltransferase Skb1 in stoichiometric quantities, and may contain other proteins.
1990464 D-2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase (quinone) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-hydroxyacid + a quinone = 2-oxoacid + a quinol.
1990465 aldehyde oxygenase (deformylating) activity F Catalysis of the reaction a long-chain aldehyde + O(2) + 2 NADPH = an alkane + formate + H(2)O + 2 NADP(+).
1990466 protein autosumoylation P The sumoylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues, or residues on an identical protein.
1990467 NuA3a histone acetyltransferase complex C A NuA3 complex that catalyzes the acetylation of Histone H3. In S. cerevisiae, this complex consists of Eaf6p, Nto1p, Sas3p, Taf14p, Yng1p and associates with H3K4me3 using Yng1p.
1990468 NuA3b histone acetyltransferase complex C A NuA3 complex that catalyzes the acetylation of Histone H3. In S. cerevisiae, this complex consists of Eaf6p, Nto1p, Sas3p, Taf14p, Pdp3 and associates with H3K4me3 via Pdp3p.
1990469 Rhino-Deadlock-Cutoff Complex C Protein complex found in Drosophila consisting of the gene products of cuff, del and rhi. It regulates the licensing of transcription of dual-strand PIWI interacting RNA (piRNA) source loci by binding to dual-strand-cluster chromatin, probably via the H3K9me3-binding activity of Rhi. Rhi binding brings the putative termination cofactor Cuff in close proximity to the nascent piRNA precursor transcript which it appears to protect from degradation.
1990470 piRNA cluster binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with piRNA clusters, double-stranded DNA regions that give rise to PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs).
1990471 piRNA uni-strand cluster binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with uni-strand piRNA clusters, double-stranded DNA regions that give rise to PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) that map predominantly to only one strand and exhibit hallmarks of canonical Pol II transcription. Uni-strand piRNA clusters are found in many taxa.
1990472 piRNA dual-strand cluster binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with dual-strand piRNA clusters, double-stranded DNA regions that give rise to PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) where piRNAs originate from both DNA strands via noncanonical transcription.
1990473 ciliary targeting signal binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a ciliary targeting sequence, a specific peptide sequence that acts as a signal to localize a membrane protein to the ciliary membrane.
1990474 synaptic vesicle, readily releasable pool C A synaptic vesicle belonging to the pool of vesicles that are the first to be released as a result of chemical or electrical stimulation e.g. by an action potential, have the highest presynaptic membrane fusion probability and correspond to about 1% of the total number of synaptic vesicles at a resting terminal bouton.
1990475 synaptic vesicle, recycling pool C A synaptic vesicle belonging to the pool that repopulate vacancies within the readily releasable pool (RRP) of synaptic vesicles, and require more significant stimuli than the RRP in order to release neurotransmitter; about 10-15% of the total number of synaptic vesicles at a resting terminal bouton are in this state.
1990476 synaptic vesicle, resting pool C A synaptic vesicle belonging to the pool that remain unreleased even after prolonged stimulation causes a saturating degree of vesicular turnover. 50-80% of the total number of synaptic vesicles at a resting terminal bouton are in this pool.
1990477 NURS complex C The nuclear RNA silencing (NURS) complex is a protein complex formed by Red1, Mtl1, Red5, Rmn1, Iss10/Pir1, and Ars2/Pir2 that regulates RNA degradation and histone H3 lysine 9 methylation. It is likely related to the human CBCN complex.
1990478 response to ultrasound P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ultrasonic stimulus.
1990481 mRNA pseudouridine synthesis P The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in an mRNA molecule.
1990482 sphingolipid alpha-glucuronosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucuronate + inositol phosphorylceramide (IPC) = UDP + GlcA-IPC.
1990483 Clr6 histone deacetylase complex I'' C A histone deacetylase complex involved in chromatin organization. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe this complex consists of Clr6, Nts1, Mug165, and Png3.
1990484 aerobic lactate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lactate (2-hydroxypropanoic acid) in the presence of oxygen.
1990485 anaerobic lactate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lactate (2-hydroxypropanoic acid) in the absence of oxygen.
1990486 anaerobic fatty acid catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a fatty acid in the absence of oxygen. A fatty acid is any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils. Fatty acids are predominantly straight-chain acids of 4 to 24 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated; branched fatty acids and hydroxy fatty acids also occur, and very long chain acids of over 30 carbons are found in waxes.
1990487 anaerobic lignin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lignin in the absence of oxygen. Lignin is a class of polymers of phenylpropanoid units.
1990488 anaerobic cellulose catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation, in absence of oxygen.
1990489 anaerobic pectin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pectin, a polymer containing a backbone of alpha-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid residues, in the absence of oxygen.
1990490 archaeal proton-transporting A-type ATPase complex C A large proton-transporting two-sector ATPase protein complex that catalyzes the synthesis or hydrolysis of ATP by a rotational mechanism, coupled to the transport of protons across a membrane and is found in Archaea.
1990491 methane biosynthetic process from methanol and hydrogen P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methane from methanol and hydrogen.
1990492 mitotic cell cycle checkpoint inhibiting CAR assembly P A Mad2-dependent mitotic cell cycle checkpoint which delays cytokinetic actinomycin ring assembly if there is a delay in early M-phase.
1990497 regulation of cytoplasmic translation in response to stress P Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
1990498 mitotic spindle microtubule C Any microtubule that is part of a mitotic spindle; anchored at one spindle pole.
1990499 raps-insc complex C Protein complex required for the asymmetric division of neuroblasts in Drosophila. Coordinates asymmetric localization of cell fate determinants with orientation of the mitotic spindle resulting in different daughter cells upon division. Localizes at the apical cortex of the neuroblast: Raps maintains, but does not initiate, Insc apically, while Insc segregates Raps asymmetrically. Complex appears to be conserved in mammals (composed of INSC and GPSM1 or GPSM2).
1990500 eif4e-cup complex C A protein complex that causes translational repression in Drosophila. Prevents assembly of ribosomes at the mRNA by interfacing with a sequence-specific RNA-binding protein leading to recruitment of the CCR4 complex and consequently, reduction of the mRNA's poly(A) tail length. The complex is also required for dorso-ventral pattern formation in the embryo.
1990501 exon-exon junction subcomplex mago-y14 C Component of the core exon-exon-junction complex (EJC). Fairly conserved in eukaryotes; in Drosophila, consists of the Mago and Y14 (tsunagi) gene products. Important for coupling nuclear and cytoplasmic events in gene expression. Inhibits the ATPase activity of eIF4AIII (Q9VHS8) to ensure a stable association of the EJC core with the mRNA.
1990502 dense core granule maturation P Steps required to transform a dense core granule generated at the trans-Golgi network into a fully formed and transmissible dense core granule. Dense core granule maturation proceeds through clathrin-mediated membrane remodeling events and is essential for efficient processing of cargo within dense core granules as well as for removing factors that might otherwise interfere with dense core granule trafficking and exocytosis.
1990503 dendritic lamellar body C A specialized secretory organelle found in neurons and associated with the formation of dendrodendritic gap junctions.
1990504 dense core granule exocytosis P The secretion of molecules (e.g. neuropeptides, insulin-related peptides or neuromodulators such as serotonin and dopamine) contained within a membrane-bounced dense core granule by fusion of the granule with the plasma membrane of a cell in response to increased cytosolic calcium levels.
1990505 mitotic DNA replication maintenance of fidelity P Any maintenance of fidelity that is involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.
1990506 mitotic DNA-dependent DNA replication P A DNA replication process that uses parental DNA as a template for the DNA-dependent DNA polymerases that synthesize the new strands during the mitotic cell cycle.
1990507 ATP-independent chaperone mediated protein folding P The process of inhibiting aggregation and assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single chain polypeptides or multisubunit complexes into the correct tertiary structure that is dependent on interaction with a chaperone, and independent of ATP hydrolysis.
1990508 CKM complex C Cyclin-dependent kinase complex which reversibly associates with the Mediator complex. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae it consists of SSN2, SSN3, SSN8 and SRB8.
1990509 PYM-mago-Y14 complex C Protein complex involved in the disassembly of Mago-Y14 from the spliced mRNA during first round of translation, independently of the translational machinery. Conserved from fission yeast to humans.
1990511 piRNA biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of piRNAs, Piwi-associated RNAs, a class of 24- to 30-nucleotide RNA derived from repeat or complex DNA sequence elements and processed by a Dicer-independent mechanism.
1990512 Cry-Per complex C Nuclear transcriptional repressor complex that is capable of negatively regulating CLOCK-BMAL-dependent transactivation of genes in a delayed negative feedback manner which generates circadian rhythms.
1990513 CLOCK-BMAL transcription complex C Transcription factor complex which interacts with E-box regulatory elements in target genes, including Period (Per1, Per2, Per3) and Cryptochrome (Cry1, Cry2), to activate their transcription during the daytime. The CRY-PER complexes inhibit CLOCK-BMAL1-driven transcription in a negative feedback loop to generate circadian rhythms.
1990514 5' transitive RNA interference P An RNA interference where the silencing signal spreads 5' along the target mRNA, outside of the initial target sequence. Typically involves the formation of secondary siRNAs formed when the initial mRNA target sequence functions as a template for 5' to 3' synthesis of new dsRNA.
1990515 3' transitive RNA interference P An RNA interference where the silencing signal spreads 3' along the target mRNA, outside of the initial target sequence. Typically involves the formation of secondary siRNAs formed when the initial mRNA target sequence functions as a template for 5' to 3' synthesis of new dsRNA.
1990516 ribonucleotide excision repair P The pathway by which a ribonucleotide is removed from DNA and replaced by a deoxyribonucleotide. The ribonucleotide is incised by RNase H2, and further excised by an endonuclease. The resulting 1 nt gap is then repaired by DNA polymerase and DNA ligase.
1990518 single-stranded DNA-dependent ATP-dependent 3'-5' DNA helicase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, in the presence of single-stranded DNA; drives the unwinding of the DNA helix in the direction 3' to 5'.
1990519 mitochondrial pyrimidine nucleotide import P The directed movement of a pyrimidine nucleotide across the mitochondrial outer membrane into the mitochondria.
1990520 separase-securin complex C A protein complex that includes separase and securin as components and that inhibits chromosome separation at mitosis.
1990521 m7G(5')pppN diphosphatase activator activity F Binds to and increases the activity of m7G(5')pppN diphosphatase.
1990522 tail spike morphogenesis P The process in which the nematode tail spike is generated and organized. An example of this process is seen in C. elegans, where the tapered tail spike is formed during embryogenesis by a filamentous process that passes posteriorly through hyp10, the tail ventral hypodermis; the filamentous process is formed by a binucleate cell, the tail-spike cell, that subsequently undergoes programmed cell death.
1990523 bone regeneration P The regrowth of bone following its loss or destruction.
1990524 INA complex C A protein complex located in the inner membrane of mitochondria that is involved in the assembly of the peripheral (or stator) stalk of the mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase (also known as the F1F0 ATP synthase). In budding yeast, this complex includes Ina22p and Ina17p.
1990525 BIR domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a Baculovirus Inhibitor of apoptosis protein Repeat (BIR) domain.
1990526 Ste12p-Dig1p-Dig2p complex C A multiprotein complex that is involved in the transcription regulation of mating genes in the yeast S. cerevisiae.
1990527 Tec1p-Ste12p-Dig1p complex C A multiprotein complex that is involved in the transcriptional regulation of primarily filamentation genes, but also mating genes, in the yeast S. cerevisiae.
1990528 Rvs161p-Rvs167p complex C A protein complex that is involved in endocytosis in the yeast S. cerevisiae.
1990529 glycosylphosphatidylinositol-mannosyltransferase I complex C A protein complex that is involved in the transfer of the four mannoses in the GPI-anchor precursor. In yeast S. cerevisiae this complex consists of Pbn1p and Gpi14p and in rat this complex consists of PIG-X and PIG-M.
1990530 Cdc50p-Drs2p complex C A protein complex that assembles on the ER membrane and is essential for the ER exit of the Cdc50p-Drs2p complex.
1990531 Lem3p-Dnf1p complex C A protein complex that functions as a phospholipid-translocating P-Type ATPase.
1990532 stress response to nickel ion P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis caused by a nickel ion stimulus.
1990533 Dom34-Hbs1 complex C A protein complex consisting of one subunit known as Dom34 or Pelota that has similarity to translation termination factor eRF1, and another subunit, Hbs1, that is a GTPase with similarity to translation termination factor eRF3. The Dom34-Hbs1 complex has a role in cotranslational mRNA quality control by promoting ribosomal subunit dissociation and peptidyl-tRNA release when translation is stalled, facilitating no-go decay and nonstop decay.
1990534 thermospermine oxidase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + thermospermine + H+ = S-adenosyl 3-(methylthio)propylamine + spermidine.
1990535 neuron projection maintenance P The organization process that preserves a neuron projection in a stable functional or structural state. A neuron projection is a prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite.
1990536 phosphoenolpyruvate transmembrane import into Golgi lumen P The directed movement of phosphoenolpyruvate into the Golgi lumen across the Golgi membrane.
1990537 mitotic spindle polar microtubule C Any of the mitotic spindle microtubules that come from each pole and overlap at the spindle midzone.
1990538 xylan O-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + a xylan= CoA + an acetylated xylan.
1990539 fructose import across plasma membrane P The directed movement of fructose substance from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
1990540 mitochondrial manganese ion transmembrane transport P A process in which a manganese ion is transported from one side of a mitochondrial membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
1990541 mitochondrial citrate transmembrane transport P The directed movement of citrate, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboyxlate, from one side of a membrane to the other into, out of or within a mitochondrion.
1990542 mitochondrial transmembrane transport P The process in which a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other into, out of or within a mitochondrion.
1990543 mitochondrial S-adenosyl-L-methionine transmembrane transport P The directed movement of S-adenosyl-L-methionine from one side of a membrane to the other into, out of or within a mitochondrion.
1990544 mitochondrial ATP transmembrane transport P The directed movement of ATP from one side of a membrane to the other into, out of or within a mitochondrion.
1990545 mitochondrial thiamine pyrophosphate transmembrane transport P The directed movement of thiamine pyrophosphate from one side of a membrane to the other into, out of or within a mitochondrion.
1990546 mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid transmembrane transport P The directed movement of a tricarboxylic acid from one side of a membrane to the other into, out of or within a mitochondrion.
1990547 mitochondrial phosphate ion transmembrane transport P The directed movement of phosphate ion from one side of a membrane to the other into, out of or within a mitochondrion.
1990548 mitochondrial FAD transmembrane transport P The directed movement of FAD from one side of a membrane to the other into, out of or within a mitochondrion.
1990549 mitochondrial NAD transmembrane transport P The directed movement of NAD from one side of a membrane to the other into, out of or within a mitochondrion.
1990550 mitochondrial alpha-ketoglutarate transmembrane transport P The directed movement of alpha-ketoglutarate from one side of a membrane to the other into, out of or within a mitochondrion.
1990551 mitochondrial 2-oxoadipate transmembrane transport P The directed movement of 2-oxoadipate from one side of a membrane to the other into, out of or within a mitochondrion.
1990553 mitochondrial 5'-adenylyl sulfate transmembrane transport P The directed movement of 5'-adenylyl sulfate from one side of a membrane to the other into, out of or within a mitochondrion.
1990554 mitochondrial 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate transmembrane transport P The directed movement of 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate from one side of a membrane to the other into, out of or within a mitochondrion.
1990555 mitochondrial oxaloacetate transmembrane transport P The directed movement of oxaloacetate from one side of a membrane to the other into, out of or within a mitochondrion.
1990556 mitochondrial isopropylmalate transmembrane transport P The directed movement of isopropylmalate from one side of a membrane to the other into, out of or within a mitochondrion.
1990557 mitochondrial sulfate transmembrane transport P The directed movement of sulfate from one side of a membrane to the other into, out of or within a mitochondrion.
1990558 mitochondrial malonate(1-) transmembrane transport P The directed movement of malonate(1-) from one side of a membrane to the other into, out of or within a mitochondrion.
1990559 mitochondrial coenzyme A transmembrane transport P The directed movement of coenzyme A from one side of a membrane to the other into, out of or within a mitochondrion.
1990561 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to copper ion starvation P Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is deprived of copper ions.
1990562 syndecan-syntenin-ALIX complex C An exosome complex that is assembled in the multivesicular body (MVB) membrane and chaperoned to the exosome by the ESCRT-III machinery.
1990563 extracellular exosome complex C A protein complex that is wholly or partially contained within the lumen or membrane of the extracellular vesicular exosome.
1990564 protein polyufmylation P Covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein UFM1 to a protein, forming an UFM1 chain.
1990565 HSP90-CDC37 chaperone complex C A protein complex involved in stress-induced mitophagy (mitochondrial degradation). In mammals it consists of heat shock protein HSP90 and its co-chaperone CDC37. Experimental evidence suggests that the complex enables the autophosphorylation of ULK1. Phosphorylated ULK1 in turn phosphorylates ATG13 which is an essential step in mitophagy. HSP90-CDC37 binding prevents rapid ubiquitin-dependent proteosomal degradation of its targets.
1990566 I(KACh) inward rectifier potassium channel complex C An inward rectifier potassium channel complex expressed in cardiac muscle, specifically the sinoatrial node and atria, where it controls the heart rate, via regulation by G-protein-coupled receptor signalling. In mammals it is composed of GIRK1 (or Kir3.1) and GIRK4 (or Kir3.4) subunits.
1990567 DPS complex C A protein serine/threonine phosphatase complex that in S. pombe consists of the proteins Dis2, Ppn1, and Swd22.
1990569 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transmembrane transport P The directed movement of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine across a membrane.
1990570 GDP-mannose transmembrane transport P The directed movement of GDP-mannose across a membrane.
1990571 meiotic centromere clustering P The process by which centromeres/kinetochores become localized to clusters during a meiotic nuclear division. For example, in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, centromeres are located in one or two clusters away from the spindle pole body during meiosis.
1990572 TERT-RMRP complex C A ribonucleoprotein complex that has RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP) activity, and is composed of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and the non-coding RNA component of mitochondrial RNA processing endoribonuclease (RMRP).
1990573 potassium ion import across plasma membrane P The directed movement of potassium ions from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.
1990574 meiotic spindle astral microtubule C Any of the meiotic spindle microtubules that radiate in all directions from the spindle poles and are thought to contribute to the forces that separate the poles and position them in relation to the rest of the cell.
1990575 mitochondrial L-ornithine transmembrane transport P The directed movement of L-ornithine from one side of a membrane to the other into, out of or within a mitochondrion.
1990576 G-protein coupled glucose receptor activity F Combining with an extracellular glucose molecule and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.
1990577 C-terminal protein demethylation P The removal of a methyl group from the C-terminal amino acid of a protein.
1990578 perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum membrane C The membrane of the perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum, which is the portion of endoplasmic reticulum, the intracellular network of tubules and cisternae, that occurs near the nucleus.
1990579 peptidyl-serine trans-autophosphorylation P The phosphorylation of a peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-serine on an identical protein. For example, phosphorylation by the other kinase within a homodimer.
1990580 regulation of cytoplasmic translational termination P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translational termination.
1990583 phospholipase D activator activity F Increases the activity of the enzyme phospholipase D.
1990584 cardiac Troponin complex C A complex of accessory proteins (cardiac troponin T, cardiac troponin I and cardiac troponin C) found associated with actin in cardiac muscle thin filaments; involved in calcium regulation important for muscle contraction.
1990585 hydroxyproline O-arabinosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-beta-L-arabinofuranose + a [protein]-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline <=> a protein-O-(beta-L-arabinofuranose)-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline + UDP + H+.
1990586 divisome complex C A protein complex required for prokaryotic cell division (FtsZ-dependent cytokinesis). These complexes are assembled and recruited to the cell septum in a strictly controlled sequence and co-ordinate invagination of the cell membrane, inward growth of the peptidoglycan layer, constriction of the outer membrane and separation of daughter cells.
1990587 FtsQBL complex C A protein complex required for prokaryotic cell division (FtsZ-dependent cytokinesis). Part of the divisome. Assembled independently of the other divisome components in the cytoplasm prior to transport to the cell septum. In E. coli consists of FtsB, FtsL and FtsQ.
1990588 FtsBL complex C A protein complex required for prokaryotic cell division (FtsZ-dependent cytokinesis). Part of the divisome. Assembled independently of the other divisome components in the cytoplasm prior to transport to the cell septum. In E. coli consists of FtsB and FtsL.
1990589 ATF4-CREB1 transcription factor complex C Transcription factor complex consisting of ATF4 and CREB1 subunits that is capable of binding to cAMP response element (CRE) (consensus: 5'-GTGACGT[AC][AG]-3') as part of the positive regulation of transcription. Regulatory targets include the GRP78 (HSPA5) promoter in humans, whose activation by this complex is part of the ER stress response pathway.
1990590 ATF1-ATF4 transcription factor complex C Transcription factor complex consisting of ATF1 and ATF4 subunits that is capable of binding to cAMP response element (CRE) (consensus: 5'-GTGACGT[AC][AG]-3') of the GRP78 (HSPA5) promoter. Involved in the ER stress response pathway.
1990591 asparagine transmembrane import into vacuole P The directed movement of asparagine into the vacuole across the vacuolar membrane.
1990592 protein K69-linked ufmylation P A protein ufmylation process in which a polymer of the ubiquitin-like protein UFM1 is formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 69 of the UFM1 monomers, is added to a protein.
1990593 nascent polypeptide-associated complex binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the nascent polypeptide-associated complex, which is a heterodimeric protein complex that can reversibly bind to ribosomes and is located in direct proximity to newly synthesized polypeptide chains as they emerge from the ribosome.
1990594 L-altrarate dehydratase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: L-altrarate = 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate + H(2)O.
1990595 mast cell secretagogue receptor activity F Combining with basic secretagogues to initiate pseudo-allergic reactions in mast cells.
1990596 histone H3-K4 deacetylation P The modification of histone H3 by the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 4 of the histone.
1990597 AIP1-IRE1 complex C A protein complex consisting of IRE1 (inositol-requiring enzyme-1) bound to AIP1 (ASK1-interacting protein 1/DAB2-interacting protein).
1990598 repair of mitotic mono-orientation defects P The mitotic cell cycle process where mono-orientation defects are corrected in order to ensure sister chromatids establish stable attachments to microtubules emanating from opposite spindle poles.
1990599 3' overhang single-stranded DNA endodeoxyribonuclease activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within 3' overhang single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks.
1990600 single-stranded DNA endodeoxyribonuclease activator activity F Increases the activity of a single-stranded DNA endodeoxyribonuclease activator activity.
1990601 5' overhang single-stranded DNA endodeoxyribonuclease activity F Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within 5' overhang single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks.
1990602 importin alpha-subunit nuclear import complex C A trimeric protein complex which functions to shuttle the importin alpha-subunit into the nucleus through the nuclear pore to facilitate another round of mRNP incorporation and regulation. In Drosophila it consists of Cdm (Imp13), Mago and Tsu (Y14).
1990603 dark adaptation P The process by which the rods of the retina gradually become fully responsive to dim light when no longer exposed to bright light.
1990604 IRE1-TRAF2-ASK1 complex C A protein complex of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane that consists of IRE1 (Inositol-requiring enzyme-1), TRAF2 (TNF receptor-associated factor 2) and ASK1 (Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1, a MAP3K).
1990605 GU repeat RNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA molecule containing GU repeats.
1990606 membrane scission GTPase motor activity F Catalysis of the generation of a 'twisting' activity resulting in the scission of a membrane, coupled to the hydrolysis of a nucleoside triphosphate.
1990608 mitotic spindle pole body localization to nuclear envelope P A process in which a mitotic spindle pole body is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the nuclear envelope.
1990609 glutamate-cysteine ligase regulator activity F Binds to and modulates the activity of glutamate-cysteine ligase.
1990610 acetolactate synthase regulator activity F Binds to and modulates the activity of acetolactate synthase.
1990611 regulation of cytoplasmic translational initiation in response to stress P Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translational initiation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
1990612 Sad1-Kms2 LINC complex C A LINC complex implicated in the connection of DNA double strand breaks to the cytoskeleton during DNA double-strand break repair.
1990613 mitochondrial membrane fusion P The joining of two lipid bilayers that surround the mitochondria.
1990614 mitochondrial magnesium ion transmembrane transport P A process in which a magnesium ion is transported from one side of a mitochondrial membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
1990615 Kelch-containing formin regulatory complex C A protein complex that regulates actin cable formation, polarized cell growth, and cytokinesis in a formin-dependent manner. In S. cerevisiae the complex is composed of Bud14p and two Kelch family proteins, Kel1p and Kel2p.
1990616 magnesium ion export from mitochondrion P The directed movement of magnesium ions out of mitochondria into the cytosol by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
1990617 CHOP-ATF4 complex C A heterodimeric transcription factor complex that is composed of CHOP (C/EBP homology protein, GADD153) and ATF4 (activating transcription factor 4, also known as cAMP response element binding protein-2/CREB-2) subunits.
1990619 histone H3-K9 deacetylation P The modification of histone H3 by the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 9 of the histone.
1990620 ANPR-A receptor complex C A receptor complex composed of two ANPR-A molecules and expressed in the heart atrium in mammals; it plays a major role in the regulation of blood pressure and salt-fluid volume homeostasis. Binding of the ligand AMP in response to atrial distension (high blood volume) leads to guanylate cyclase activity of the ANPR-A receptor complex, thereby elevating intracellular cGMP levels. The end result is a reduction in blood volume and, therefore, a reduction in cardiac output and systemic blood pressure.
1990621 Vps4-Vta1 complex C A protein complex involved in ESCRT-mediated intralumenal vesicle formation. The complex catalyzes disassembly of the ESCRT-III filament around the neck of the budding vesicle in an ATP-driven reaction, resulting in membrane scission and recycling of the ESCRT-III components back to the cytosol. In yeast, it is formed by the AAA ATPase Vps4 and its cofactor Vta1.
1990622 CHOP-ATF3 complex C A heterodimeric protein complex that is composed of CHOP (C/EBP homology protein, GADD153) and ATF3 (activating transcription factor 3) subunits.
1990623 Herring body C The dilated terminal portions of neurosecretory axons constituting the hypothalamohypophyseal tract, found in close proximity to sinusoidal capillaries in the posterior pituitary. Herring bodies consist of aggregates of membrane-bound neurosecretory vesicles where oxytocin or antidiuretic hormone (ADH) are stored prior to release. Each Herring body also contains ATP and either neurophysin I or neurophysin II which bind to oxytocin and ADH, respectively.
1990624 guanyl nucleotide exchange factor inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a guanyl nucleotide exchange factor.
1990625 negative regulation of cytoplasmic translational initiation in response to stress P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of cytoplasmic translation initiation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.
1990626 mitochondrial outer membrane fusion P The membrane organization process that joins two mitochondrial outer membranes to form a single membrane.
1990627 mitochondrial inner membrane fusion P The membrane organization process that joins two mitochondrial inner membranes to form a single membrane.
1990629 phospholamban complex C A protein complex found as a homopentamer of the phospholamban (PLN) protein in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membrane of cardiomyocytes. Cardiac PLN is a main determinant of muscle contraction and relaxation, by regulating intracellular calcium levels.
1990630 IRE1-RACK1-PP2A complex C A protein complex consisting of IRE1 (Inositol-requiring enzyme-1), RACK1 (Receptor of activated protein kinase C 1, GNB2L1) and PP2A (protein phosphatase 2A). RACK1 acts as an adaptor to bridge an interaction between IRE1 and PP2A.
1990631 ErbB-4 class receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the protein-tyrosine kinase receptor ErbB-4/HER4.
1990632 branching involved in submandibular gland morphogenesis P The process in which the branching structure of the submandibular gland is generated and organized.
1990633 mutator focus C A type of punctate focus localized to the perinuclear region of germline cytoplasm in C. elegans. Mutator foci are required for RNA interference (RNAi) and serve as sites of small inhibitory RNA (siRNA) amplification. As such, proteins that localize to mutator foci include RNA-directed RNA polymerases (RdRPs) and beta-nucleotidyltransferases. Mutator foci are distinct from, but adjacent to or partially overlap, P granules.
1990634 protein phosphatase 5 binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the enzyme protein phosphatase 5.
1990635 proximal dendrite C That part of the dendrite closest to the cell body of the neuron.
1990636 reproductive senescence P A natural reduction in reproductive capacity with aging, often taking the form of a switch from regular reproductive cycles to irregular and infrequent ones.
1990637 response to prolactin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prolactin stimulus. The anterior pituitary hormone prolactin has a number of roles including being essential for lactation.
1990638 response to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor stimulus.
1990640 inositol-2,4,5-triphosphate 5-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 2,4,5-trisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 2,4-bisphosphate + phosphate.
1990641 response to iron ion starvation P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of iron ion.
1990643 cellular response to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor stimulus.
1990644 microtubule site clamp F The binding activity of a molecule that attaches the spindle microtubules to the kinetochore.
1990646 cellular response to prolactin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prolactin stimulus.
1990647 C/EBP complex C A dimeric, sequence specific DNA-binding transcription factor complex regulating the expression of genes involved in immune and inflammatory responses. Exists at least as alpha and beta homodimeric forms. Binds to regulatory regions of several acute-phase and cytokines genes and probably plays a role in the regulation of acute-phase reaction, inflammation and hemopoiesis. The consensus recognition site is 5'-T[TG]NNGNAA[TG]-3'. Transcription factor activity is inhibited by binding of CHOP forming heterodimers with alternative transcription factor activities.
1990648 inositol-4,5,6-triphosphate 5-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 4,5,6-trisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 4,6-bisphosphate + phosphate.
1990649 inositol-1,2,4,5-tetrakisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,4-trisphosphate + phosphate.
1990650 inositol-2,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 2,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 2,4,6-trisphosphate + phosphate.
1990651 inositol-1,2,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + phosphate.
1990654 sebum secreting cell proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of sebocytes by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A sebocyte is an epithelial cell that makes up the sebaceous glands, and secrete sebum.
1990655 4 iron, 3 sulfur cluster binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a 4 iron, 3 sulfur (4Fe-3S) cluster, an uncommon iron-sulfur cluster with unique properties found in oxygen-tolerant Ni-Fe hydrogenases of various bacteria.
1990656 t-SNARE clustering P The clustering process in which t-SNARES are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane. t-SNAREs are cell surface proteins which are part of secretory microdomain assemblies.
1990657 iNOS-S100A8/A9 complex C A protein complex capable of stimulus-inducible nitric-oxide synthase activity. S-nitrosylates cysteine residues in target proteins, a principal mechanism of nitric oxide (NO)-mediated signal transduction. In mammals consists of NOS2, S100A8 and S100A9. S100A9 acts both as an adaptor linking NOS2 to its target and as a transnitrosylase that transfers the nitric oxide moiety from NOS2 to its target, via its own S-nitrosylated cysteine.
1990658 transnitrosylase complex C A transferase complex which is capable of transferring nitrogenous groups from one component to another.
1990659 sequestering of manganese ion P The process of binding or confining manganese ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.
1990660 calprotectin complex C A protein complex composed of S100A8 and S100A9 and capable of limiting Mn(2+) and Zn(2+) availability at sites of infection. Also binds Ca(2+). Expressed and released by neutrophils and epithelial cells, it exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity attributed to its metal-binding properties. Endogenous ligand of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) initiating signal transduction through NF-kappa-B pathways.
1990661 S100A8 complex C A protein complex composed of a S100A8 dimer and capable of binding to toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4).
1990662 S100A9 complex C A protein complex composed of a S100A9 dimer and capable of binding to toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) initiating signal transduction through NF-kappa-B pathways. Transports arachidonic acid between the cytosol and the NADPH oxidase complex at the plasma membrane in neutrophils as part of an inflammatory signal cascade leading to an oxidative burst. Complexes with microtubules to increase cell motility.
1990663 dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (fumarate) activity F Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-dihydroorotate + fumarate = orotate + succinate.
1990664 Nkx-2.5 complex C A transcription factor complex formed by two or more subunits of Nkx-2.5. Nkx-2.5 is an evolutionary conserved transcription factor important for the specification and differentiation of cardiomyocytes during heart development. It is also required for spleen development. It binds DNA either as a monomer, or a homodimer, or a heterodimer complex to activate or inhibit expression of genes.
1990665 AnxA2-p11 complex C A heterotetrameric protein complex comprising two Annexin A2 (AnxA2) monomers and two copies of its binding partner, S100 protein p11 (S100A10).
1990666 PCSK9-LDLR complex C A protein complex consisting of the serine protease PCSK9 (Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin-9) and a low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). Interaction typically occurs through the epidermal growth factor-like repeat A (EGF-A) domain of the LDLR, and complex formation promotes degradation of the LDLR through the endosome/lysosome pathway.
1990667 PCSK9-AnxA2 complex C A protein complex consisting of the serine protease PCSK9 (Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin-9) and Annexin A2 (AnxA2).
1990668 vesicle fusion with endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) membrane P The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane of the ERGIC. This can involve anterograde or retrograde transport vesicles.
1990669 endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) derived vesicle fusion with endoplasmic reticulum membrane P The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around an ERGIC-derived vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane of the ER. Such vesicles include COPI-coated transport vesicles involved in retrograde transport.
1990670 vesicle fusion with Golgi cis cisterna membrane P The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the Golgi cis cisterna. This can involve anterograde or retrograde transport vesicles.
1990671 vesicle fusion with Golgi medial cisterna membrane P The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the Golgi medial cisterna. This can involve anterograde or retrograde transport vesicles.
1990672 medial-Golgi-derived vesicle fusion with Golgi trans cisterna membrane P The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a medial-Golgi-derived vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the Golgi trans cisterna. Vesicles are involved in anterograde transport.
1990673 intrinsic component of endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) membrane C The component of the ERGIC membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
1990674 Golgi cis cisterna membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the thin, flattened compartments that form the cis portion of the Golgi complex.
1990675 Golgi medial cisterna membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the thin, flattened compartments that form the medial portion of the Golgi complex.
1990676 Golgi trans cisterna membrane C The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the thin, flattened compartments that form the trans portion of the Golgi complex.
1990677 mitochondrial inner membrane assembly complex C A protein complex that promotes the biogenesis of mitochondrial F1Fo-ATP synthase by facilitating assembly of the peripheral stalk. Loss of INAC function causes dissociation of the F1-domain from the membrane-integral Fo-portion.
1990678 histone H4-K16 deacetylation P The modification of histone H4 by the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 16 of the histone.
1990679 histone H4-K12 deacetylation P The modification of histone H4 by the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 12 of the histone.
1990680 response to melanocyte-stimulating hormone P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a melanocyte-stimulating hormone stimulus. The binding of any one of three melanocyte-stimulating hormones causes dispersal of melanosomes in melanophores of poikilothermic vertebrates.
1990682 CSF1-CSF1R complex C A protein complex consisting of a macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1, also called M-CSF) dimer bound to a dimerized receptor (CSF1R, also called FMS). Receptor dimerization requires the presence of the ligand.
1990683 DNA double-strand break attachment to nuclear envelope P A process in which the DNA double-strand breaks are attached to the inner surface of the nuclear envelope proximal to the spindle pole body, or iMTOCs.
1990684 protein-lipid-RNA complex C A macromolecular complex containing separate protein, lipid and RNA molecules. Separate in this context means not covalently bound to each other.
1990685 HDL-containing protein-lipid-RNA complex C A protein-lipid-RNA complex containing separate high-density lipoprotein (HDL), lipid and RNA molecules. Separate in this context means not covalently bound to each other.
1990686 LDL-containing protein-lipid-RNA complex C A protein-lipid-RNA complex containing separate low-density lipoprotein (LDL), lipid and RNA molecules. Separate in this context means not covalently bound to each other.
1990687 endoplasmic reticulum-derived vesicle fusion with endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) membrane P The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around an endoplasmic reticulum-derived vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane of the ERGIC. Such vesicles include COPII-coated transport vesicles involved in anterograde transport.
1990688 Golgi vesicle fusion with endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) membrane P The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a Golgi vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane of the ERGIC. Such vesicles include COPI-coated transport vesicles involved in retrograde transport.
1990689 endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) derived vesicle fusion with Golgi cis cisterna membrane P The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around an ERGIC-derived vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the Golgi cis cisterna. Such vesicles include COPII-coated transport vesicles involved in anterograde transport.
1990690 Golgi medial cisterna-derived vesicle fusion with Golgi cis cisterna membrane P The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a Golgi medial cisterna-derived vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the Golgi cis cisterna. Such vesicles include COPI-coated transport vesicles involved in retrograde transport.
1990691 cis-Golgi-derived vesicle fusion with Golgi medial cisterna membrane P The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a cis-Golgi-derived vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the medial-Golgi cisterna. Vesicles are involved in anterograde transport.
1990692 trans-Golgi-derived vesicle fusion with Golgi medial cisterna membrane P The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a trans-Golgi-derived vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the medial-Golgi cisterna. Such vesicles include COPI-coated transport vesicles involved in retrograde transport.
1990693 intrinsic component of Golgi cis cisterna membrane C The component of the Golgi cis cisterna membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
1990694 intrinsic component of Golgi medial cisterna membrane C The component of the Golgi medial cisterna membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
1990695 intrinsic component of Golgi trans cisterna membrane C The component of the Golgi trans cisterna membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane.
1990696 USH2 complex C A protein complex composed of four proteins, loss of which results in Usher Syndrome type 2 (USH2 syndrome), a leading genetic cause of combined hearing and vision loss. This complex is conserved in many species; in mice, it is composed of USH2A, GPR98 (aka ADGRV1), WHRN, and PDZD7.
1990697 protein depalmitoleylation P The removal of palmitoleyl group, a 16-carbon monounsaturated fatty acid (C16:1), from a lipoprotein.
1990698 palmitoleoyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of a palmitoleyl group, a 16-carbon monounsaturated fatty acid (C16:1), to an acceptor molecule.
1990699 palmitoleyl hydrolase activity F Catalysis of a hydrolase reaction that removes a palmitoleyl moiety, a 16-carbon monounsaturated fatty acid (C16:1), from some substrate.
1990700 nucleolar chromatin organization P Any process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the physical structure of nucleolar chromatin.
1990701 integral component of endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) membrane C The component of the ERGIC membrane consisting of the gene products having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
1990702 integral component of Golgi cis cisterna membrane C The component of the Golgi cis membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
1990703 integral component of Golgi medial cisterna membrane C The component of the Golgi medial membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
1990704 integral component of Golgi trans cisterna membrane C The component of the Golgi trans membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
1990705 cholangiocyte proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of cholangiocytes, resulting in the expansion of the cholangiocyte population. A cholangiocyte is an epithelial cell that is part of the bile duct. Cholangiocytes contribute to bile secretion via net release of bicarbonate and water.
1990706 MAD1 complex C A protein complex involved in the assembly of the mitotic checkpoint complex that in turn inhibits the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C).
1990707 nuclear subtelomeric heterochromatin C Heterochromatic regions of the chromosome found at the subtelomeric regions of a chromosome in the nucleus.
1990708 conditioned place preference P The associative learning process by which an animal learns and remembers an association between a neutral, unchanging environment and a putatively rewarding, internal state produced by a xenobiotic or drug.
1990709 presynaptic active zone organization P A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a presynaptic active zone.
1990710 MutS complex C A homodimeric mismatch repair complex involved in binding to and correcting insertion/deletion mutations.
1990711 Beta-catenin-ICAT complex C Transcription factor complex that inhibits binding of Tcf to beta-catenin while preserving interaction of catenin with cadherin thus inhibiting transcription mediated by beta-catenin-Tcf complex.
1990712 HFE-transferrin receptor complex C A protein complex containing at least HFE and a transferrin receptor (either TFR1/TFRC or TFR2), proposed to play a role in the sensing of transferrin-bound Fe (Fe2-Tf) on the plasma membrane to regulate hepcidin transcription.
1990713 survivin complex C A protein complex that negatively regulates apoptotic processes. In human, this anti-apoptotic complex is a homodimer of BIRC5 (survivin) and provides one survivin molecule to the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC).
1990714 hydroxyproline O-galactosyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the transfer of galactose from UDP-galactose to hydroxyproline residues present in the peptide backbone.
1990715 mRNA CDS binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the coding sequence (CDS) of an mRNA molecule.
1990716 axonemal central apparatus C Part of the 9+2 axoneme, that occurs in most motile cilia, consisting of the pair of two single central microtubules and their associated structures which include the central pair projections, the central pair bridges linking the two tubules, and the central pair caps which are attached to the distal or plus ends of the microtubules.
1990717 axonemal central bridge C Part of the 9+2 axoneme, that occurs in most motile cilia, consisting of the two bridges which connect the central pair of single microtubules.
1990718 axonemal central pair projection C Part of the 9+2 axoneme, that occurs in most motile cilia, consisting of the projections off of the central pair of single microtubules.
1990719 C1 axonemal microtubule C One of two microtubules present in the axonemal central pair. It is distinguishable from the C2 axonemal microtubule (also called C2 tubule) by the presence of differing protein components of the projections.
1990720 C2 axonemal microtubule C One of two microtubules present in the axonemal central pair. It is distinguishable from the C1 axonemal microtubule (also called C1 tubule) by the presence of differing protein components of the projections.
1990722 DAPK1-calmodulin complex C A serine/threonine protein kinase complex involved in cell survival, apoptosis and autophagic cell death pathways. DAPK1 is activated by the dephosphorylation of a n-terminal serine and calcium-calmodulin binding.
1990723 cytoplasmic periphery of the nuclear pore complex C Cytoplasm situated in close proximity to a nuclear pore complex.
1990724 galectin complex C A homodimeric protein complex that is capable of binding a range of carbohydrates and is involved in anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic processes.
1990725 cord factor receptor activity F Combining with a cord factor, an M. tuberculosis cell wall glycolipid, and transmitting a signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
1990726 Lsm1-7-Pat1 complex C A conserved protein complex that plays an important role in coupling deadenylation and decapping in the 5'-to-3' mRNA decay pathway. An example is found in S. cerevisiae.
1990727 tubulin folding cofactor complex C A multimeric protein complex involved in tubulin alpha-beta-subunit folding assembly consisting of beta-tubulin-TFC-D, alpha-tubulin-TFC-E and TFC-C, through which tubulin subunit association and dimer release occur.
1990728 mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint MAD1-MAD2 complex C A protein complex involved in the assembly of the mitotic checkpoint complex that in turn inhibits the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). The MAD1 dimer recruits the open form of MAD2 (O-MAD2) turning it into the closed form (C-MAD2) upon binding. C-MAD2 inhibits CDC20, a member of the APC/C, upon release from the MAD1-MAD2 complex.
1990729 primary miRNA modification P The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within a primary miRNA molecule to produce a primary miRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.
1990730 VCP-NSFL1C complex C A protein complex between the ATPase VCP (p97) and its cofactor p47 (NSFL1C). In human, the protein complex consists of one homotrimer of NSFL1C/p47 per homohexamer of VCP/p97.
1990731 UV-damage excision repair, DNA incision P A process that results in the endonucleolytic cleavage of the damaged strand of DNA immediately 5' of a UV-induced damage site, and is the first part of a DNA repair process that acts on both cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and pyrimidine-pyrimidone 6-4 photoproducts (6-4PPs).
1990732 pyrenoid C A non-membrane-bounded organelle found within the chloroplasts of algae and hornworts; responsible for carbon dioxide fixation.
1990733 titin-telethonin complex C A protein complex formed between the N-terminus of the giant sarcomeric filament protein titin and the Z-disk ligand, telethonin. The complex is part of the Z-disk of the skeletal and cardiac sarcomere. Telethonin binding to titin might be essential for the initial assembly, stabilization and functional integrity of the titin filament, and hence important for muscle contraction relaxation in mature myofibrils.
1990734 astral microtubule anchoring at mitotic spindle pole body P Any process in which an astral microtubule is maintained in a specific location in a cell by attachment to a mitotic spindle pole body. Microtubules attach to spindle pole bodies at the minus end.
1990735 gamma-tubulin complex localization to mitotic spindle pole body P Any process in which a gamma-tubulin complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location at a mitotic spindle pole body.
1990736 regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell membrane depolarization P Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in the depolarizing direction away from the resting potential in a vascular smooth muscle cell.
1990737 response to manganese-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of endoplasmic reticulum stress caused by a manganese stimulus.
1990738 pseudouridine 5'-phosphatase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: pseudouridine 5'-phosphate + H2O = pseudouridine + phosphate.
1990739 granulosa cell proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of granulosa cells, resulting in the expansion of the granulosa cells population. A granulosa cell is a supporting cell for the developing female gamete in the ovary of mammals. They develop from the coelomic epithelial cells of the gonadal ridge.
1990742 microvesicle C An extracellular vesicle released from the plasma membrane and ranging in size from about 100 nm to 1000 nm.
1990743 protein sialylation P A protein modification process that results in the addition of a sialic acid unit to the end of an oligosaccharide chain in a glycoprotein.
1990744 primary miRNA methylation P The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to specific residues in an primary miRNA molecule.
1990745 EARP complex C A quatrefoil tethering complex required for endocytic recycling.
1990746 HCN4 channel complex C HCN4 tetramer is a hyperpolarization-activated ion channel with selectivity for potassium over sodium ions. HCN4 is the dominant form of HCN expressed in the heart, together with HCN2. HCN4 expression is particularly high in the sinoatrial node, where impulses initiate and propagate throughout the heart. There is pharmacologic and genetic evidence that the HNC4 channel complex plays a role in cardiac pacemaking and automaticity, by contributing to the native pacemaker current of the heart (If). Mutations in the C-terminus containing the C-linker and CNBD domain, which affect the expression or function of the HCN4 channel are known to cause arrhythmia or bradycardia.
1990747 pancreatic trypsinogen secretion P The regulated release of trypsinogen from the cells of the exocrine pancreas.
1990748 cellular detoxification P Any process carried out at the cellular level that reduces or removes the toxicity of a toxic substance. These may include transport of the toxic substance away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of the toxic substance.
1990749 polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activator activity F Increases the activity of the enzyme polynucleotide adenylyltransferase.
1990751 Schwann cell chemotaxis P The directed movement of a Schwann cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).
1990752 microtubule end C Any end of a microtubule. Microtubule ends differ in that the so-called microtubule plus-end is the one that preferentially grows by polymerization, with respect to the minus-end.
1990753 equatorial cell cortex C The region of the cell cortex in a mitotically dividing cell that flanks the central spindle and corresponds to the site of actomyosin ring formation that results in cleavage furrow formation and ingression.
1990755 mitotic spindle microtubule depolymerization P The removal of tubulin heterodimers from one or both ends of a microtubule that is part of the mitotic spindle.
1990756 protein binding, bridging involved in substrate recognition for ubiquitination F The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a ubiquitin ligase and its substrate. Usually mediated by F-box BTB/POZ domain proteins.
1990757 ubiquitin ligase activator activity F Binds to and increases the activity of a ubiquitin ligase.
1990758 mitotic sister chromatid biorientation P The mitotic cell cycle process in which sister chromatids establish stable, end-on attachments to the plus ends of microtubules emanating from opposite spindle poles, oriented such that separation can proceed. This is the final step in metaphase plate congression.
1990759 HCN2 channel complex C HCN2 is a member of the hyperpolarization-activated ion channel family, which shows selectivity for potassium over sodium ions. Channel gating is facilitated by cAMP binding to the cyclic nucleotide binding domain. HCN2 is the dominant form of HCN expressed in the heart, together with HCN4 (O70507). HCN2 shows significant expression in various regions of the heart, especially the ventricles. There is pharmacological and genetic evidence that HCN channels play a role in cardiac pacemaking and automaticity, by contributing to the native pacemaker current of the heart (If).
1990760 osmolarity-sensing cation channel activity F Enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a channel that opens when a change in the osmolarity occurs in the extracellular space of the cell in which the cation channel resides.
1990761 growth cone lamellipodium C A thin sheetlike process extended by the leading edge of an axonal or dendritic growth cone; contains a dense meshwork of actin filaments.
1990762 cytoplasmic alanyl-tRNA aminoacylation P The process of coupling alanine to alanyl-tRNA, catalyzed by alanyl-tRNA synthetase involved in cytoplasmic translation.
1990763 arrestin family protein binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any member of the arrestin family, proteins involved in agonist-mediated desensitization of G-protein-coupled receptors.
1990764 myofibroblast contraction P The actin filament-based process in which cytoplasmic actin filaments slide past one another resulting in contraction of a myofibroblast.
1990765 colon smooth muscle contraction P A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry of the large intestine, exclusive of the rectum. The colon is that part of the large intestine that connects the small intestine to the rectum.
1990767 prostaglandin receptor internalization P The process that results in the uptake of a prostaglandin receptor into an endocytic vesicle.
1990768 gastric mucosal blood circulation P The flow of blood through the gastric mucosa of an animal, enabling the transport of nutrients and the removal of waste products.
1990769 proximal neuron projection C The portion of an axon or dendrite that is close to the neuronal cell body.
1990770 small intestine smooth muscle contraction P A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry in the intestine between the stomach and the large intestine.
1990771 clathrin-dependent extracellular exosome endocytosis P The clathrin-mediated endocytosis of an extracellular exosome.
1990772 substance P secretion P The regulated release of substance P, a peptide hormone that is involved in neurotransmission, inflammation, and antimicrobial activity.
1990773 matrix metallopeptidase secretion P The regulated release of matrix metallopeptidases, a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases that can degrade extracellular matrix proteins and process other types of proteins.
1990774 tumor necrosis factor secretion P The regulated release of tumor necrosis factor from a cell. Tumor necrosis factor is an inflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages/monocytes during acute inflammation and which is responsible for a diverse range of signaling events within cells, leading to necrosis or apoptosis.
1990775 endothelin secretion P The regulated release of endothelin from a cell. Endothelins are endothelium-derived vasoactive peptides involved in a variety of biological functions.
1990776 response to angiotensin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an angiotensin stimulus. Angiotensin is any of three physiologically active peptides (angiotensin II, III, or IV) processed from angiotensinogen.
1990777 lipoprotein particle C A spherical particle containing non-covalently associated proteins and lipids. Examples are plasma lipoprotein particles which transport lipids in the blood or lymph.
1990778 protein localization to cell periphery P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the cell periphery.
1990779 glycoprotein Ib-IX-V complex C A transmembrane signalling receptor complex found exclusively on platelets. Involved in haemostasis and thrombosis where it aids blood coagulation.
1990780 cytoplasmic side of dendritic spine plasma membrane C The leaflet of the plasma membrane that faces the cytoplasm and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface surrounding a dendritic spine.
1990781 response to immobilization stress combined with electrical stimulus P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electrical stimulus given while being held immobile.
1990782 protein tyrosine kinase binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with protein tyrosine kinase.
1990783 periphagosomal region of cytoplasm C Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, a phagosome.
1990784 response to dsDNA P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a double-stranded DNA stimulus.
1990785 response to water-immersion restraint stress P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of water immersion while being held immobile.
1990786 cellular response to dsDNA P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a double-stranded DNA stimulus.
1990787 negative regulation of hh target transcription factor activity P Any process that decreases the activity of a transcription factor that activates transcription of Hedgehog-target genes in response to Smoothened signaling. In Drosophila, Cubitus interruptus (Ci) is the only identified transcription factor so far in the Hedgehog signaling pathway. In vertebrates members of the Gli protein family are activated by Hedgehog signaling.
1990788 GLI-SUFU complex C A protein repressing GLI's transcription factor activity when SMO signalling is inactive. Upon ligand binding to the upstream receptor PTC (Patched) GLI dissociates from SUFU and activates transcription of hedgehog-target genes. In mammals it consists of SUFU and one of the GLI family proteins.
1990789 thyroid gland epithelial cell proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of thyroid gland epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of the thyroid gland epithelial cell population.
1990790 response to glial cell derived neurotrophic factor P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glial cell derived neurotrophic factor stimulus.
1990791 dorsal root ganglion development P The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a dorsal root ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
1990792 cellular response to glial cell derived neurotrophic factor P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glial cell derived neurotrophic factor stimulus.
1990793 substance P secretion, neurotransmission P The controlled release of substance P by a cell, in which the substance P acts as a neurotransmitter.
1990794 basolateral part of cell C The region of a cell situated by the cell sides which interface adjacent cells and near the base. Often used in reference to animal polarized epithelial cells.
1990795 rod bipolar cell terminal bouton C A specialized region of the axon terminus portion of a rod bipolar axon. A rod bipolar cell is a neuron found in the retina and having connections with rod photoreceptor cells and neurons in the inner plexiform layer.
1990796 photoreceptor cell terminal bouton C A specialized region of the axon terminus portion of a photoreceptor cell axon. A photoreceptor cell is a neuron specialized to detect and transduce light.
1990798 pancreas regeneration P The regrowth of a destroyed pancreas.
1990799 mitochondrial tRNA wobble position uridine thiolation P The process in which a uridine residue at position 34 in the anticodon of a mitochondrial tRNA is post-transcriptionally thiolated at the C2 position. This process involves transfer of a sulfur from cysteine to position C2 by several steps.
1990801 protein phosphorylation involved in mitotic spindle assembly P Any protein phosphorylation that is involved in mitotic spindle assembly.
1990802 protein phosphorylation involved in DNA double-strand break processing P Any protein phosphorylation that is required for DNA double-strand break processing.
1990803 protein phosphorylation involved in protein localization to spindle microtubule P Any protein phosphorylation process involved in localizing a protein to the spindle microtubule.
1990804 protein phosphorylation involved in double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining P Any protein phosphorylation process that is required for double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining.
1990805 central cylinder C A scaffolding structure present within the inner region of the ciliary transition zone. The central cylinder lies between the outer doublet and inner singlet microtubules.
1990808 F-bar domain binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an F-BAR domain of a protein, a domain of about 60 residues that occurs in a wide range of cytoskeletal proteins.
1990809 endoplasmic reticulum tubular network membrane organization P A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubular network membrane.
1990810 microtubule anchoring at mitotic spindle pole body P Any process in which a microtubule is maintained in a specific location in a cell by attachment to a mitotic spindle pole body. Microtubules attach to spindle pole bodies at the minus end.
1990811 Msd1-Wdr8-Pkl1 complex C A protein ternary complex that anchors microtubule minus ends to mitotic spindle pole bodies. The founding complex contains a microtubule anchoring protein (Msd1 in fission yeast), A WD-repeat Wdr8 family protein and and a minus end-directed kinesin.
1990812 growth cone filopodium C A thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of an axonal or dendritic growth cone.
1990813 meiotic centromeric cohesion protection P The process in which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome centromeric region is maintained during homologous chromosome segregation after cohesin is cleaved by separase along the arm regions.
1990814 DNA/DNA annealing activity F A nucleic acid binding activity that brings together complementary sequences of ssDNA so that they pair by hydrogen bonds to form a double-stranded DNA.
1990816 vacuole-mitochondrion membrane contact site C A zone of apposition between the vacuolar membrane and the mitochondrial outer membrane, important for transfer of lipids between the two organelles.
1990817 RNA adenylyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the template-independent extension of the 3'- end of an RNA strand by addition of one adenosine molecule at a time. Cannot initiate a chain 'de novo'. The primer, depending on the source of the enzyme, may be an RNA, or oligo(A) bearing a 3'-OH terminal group.
1990818 L-arginine transmembrane export from vacuole P The directed movement of L-arginine out of the vacuole, across the vacuolar membrane.
1990819 actin fusion focus C A focus at the mating projection tip where the cell wall is degraded during conjugation with cellular fusion. Actin filaments form an aster-like structure from this location.
1990820 response to mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint signaling P A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint signaling.
1990821 high affinity glucose import P The directed, high-affinity movement of glucose into a cell by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
1990822 basic amino acid transmembrane transport P The directed movement of basic amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other.
1990823 response to leukemia inhibitory factor P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leukemia inhibitory factor stimulus.
1990825 sequence-specific mRNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with messenger RNA (mRNA) of a specific nucleotide composition or a specific sequence motif.
1990826 nucleoplasmic periphery of the nuclear pore complex C Nucleoplasm situated in close proximity and peripheral to a nuclear pore complex.
1990827 deaminase binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an enzyme that catalyzes the removal of an amino group from a substrate, producing ammonia (NH3).
1990828 hepatocyte dedifferentiation P The process in which a hepatocyte (specialized epithelial cell of the liver) loses the structural or functional features that characterize it in the mature organism, or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Under certain conditions, these cells can revert back to the features of the stem cells that were their ancestors.
1990829 C-rich single-stranded DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with C-rich, single-stranded DNA.
1990830 cellular response to leukemia inhibitory factor P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leukemia inhibitory factor stimulus.
1990831 cellular response to carcinoembryonic antigen P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carcinoembryonic antigen stimulus. The carcinoembryonic antigens represent a family of glycoproteins
1990832 slow axonal transport P The directed slow movement of non-membranous molecules in nerve cell axons. It is comprised of a "slow component a" (SCa) and a "slow component b" (SCb) which differ in transport rates and protein composition.
1990833 clathrin-uncoating ATPase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate. Catalysis of the removal of clathrin from vesicle membranes, coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP.
1990834 response to odorant P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an odorant stimulus. An odorant is any substance capable of stimulating the sense of smell.
1990836 lysosomal matrix C A matrix composed of supramolecular assemblies of lysosomal enzymes and lipids which forms at a pH of 5.0 within the lysosome.
1990837 sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded DNA of a specific nucleotide composition, e.g. GC-rich DNA binding, or with a specific sequence motif or type of DNA, e.g. promotor binding or rDNA binding.
1990838 poly(U)-specific exoribonuclease activity, producing 3' uridine cyclic phosphate ends F Catalysis of 3' exonucleolytic cleavage of poly(U), to form poly(U)-N containing a 3' uridine cyclic phosphate (U>P).
1990839 response to endothelin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an endothelin stimulus. Endothelin is any of three secretory vasoconstrictive peptides (endothelin-1, -2, -3).
1990840 response to lectin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lectin stimulus. A lectin is a carbohydrate-binding protein, highly specific for binding sugar moieties.
1990841 promoter-specific chromatin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a section of chromatin that is associated with gene promoter sequences of DNA.
1990843 subsarcolemmal mitochondrion C A mitochondrion that occurs adjacent to the sarcolemma in striated muscle cells and responds in distinct ways to physiological triggers.
1990844 interfibrillar mitochondrion C A mitochondrion that occurs in between fibrils of striated muscle cells and responds in distinct ways to physiological triggers.
1990845 adaptive thermogenesis P The regulated production of heat in response to short term environmental changes, such as stress, diet or reduced temperature.
1990846 ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase inhibitor activity F Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase.
1990847 peptide pheromone transmembrane export involved in conjugation with cellular fusion P The directed movement of a peptide pheromone across a membrane and out of a cell by a secretion or export pathway used solely for the export of peptide pheromones that contributes to a conjugation process that results in the union of cellular and genetic information from compatible mating types.
1990849 maintenance of vacuolar location P Any process in which the vacuole is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
1990850 H-gal-GP complex C A membrane glycoprotein complex with aspartyl proteinase and metalloproteinase activity which is expressed in the gut. An example of this is found in the nematode Haemonchus contortus.
1990851 Wnt-Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex C A protein complex containing a secreted Wnt protein associated with its receptor, Frizzled (Fz), and co-receptor low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) or LRP6.
1990852 protein transport along microtubule to spindle pole body P The directed movement of a protein along a microtubule to the spindle pole body, mediated by motor proteins.
1990853 histone H2A SQE motif phosphorylation P The modification of histone H2A by the addition of an phosphate group to the serine residue in the SQE motif of the histone.
1990854 vacuole-ER tethering P The attachment of a lytic vacuole to the endoplasmic reticulum, which may facilitate exchange of metabolites between the organelles.
1990856 methionyl-initiator methionine tRNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with methionine-initator methionine tRNA.
1990858 cellular response to lectin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lectin stimulus. A lectin is a carbohydrate-binding protein, highly specific for binding sugar moieties.
1990859 cellular response to endothelin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an endothelin stimulus. Endothelin is any of three secretory vasoconstrictive peptides (endothelin-1, -2, -3).
1990860 Pho85-Pho80 CDK-cyclin complex C A cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) complex that contains a kinase subunit and a regulatory cyclin subunit. An example of this complex in budding yeast S. cerevisiae consists of the Pho85 kinase and the Pho80 cyclin.
1990861 Ubp3-Bre5 deubiquitination complex C A protein complex that cleaves ubiquitin from specific substrates. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, this complex consists of Ubp3p and Bre5p.
1990862 nuclear membrane complex Bqt3-Bqt4 C A protein complex that resides in the inner nuclear membrane and anchors telomeres to the nuclear envelope. In fission yeast, it is composed of Bqt3 and Bqt4.
1990863 acinar cell proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of acinar cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. An acinar cell is a secretory cell that is grouped together with other cells of the same type to form grape-shaped clusters known as acini (singular acinus).
1990864 response to growth hormone-releasing hormone P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth hormone-releasing hormone stimulus. Growth hormone-releasing hormone regulates the release of growth hormone, as well as some pancreatic proteins, and possibly other proteins.
1990867 response to gastrin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gastrin stimulus.
1990868 response to chemokine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemokine stimulus.
1990869 cellular response to chemokine P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemokine stimulus.
1990871 Vma12-Vma22 assembly complex C A protein complex that is involved in the assembly of the V-ATPase complex. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, this complex consists of Vma12p and Vma22p.
1990872 negative regulation of sterol import by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of sterol import, by down regulation of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
1990873 intrinsic component of plasma membrane of cell tip C The component of the plasma membrane surrounding the cell tip consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the plasma membrane surrounding the cell tip or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the plasma membrane surrounding the cell tip.
1990874 vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of vascular smooth muscle cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. A vascular smooth muscle cell is a non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the blood vessels.
1990875 nucleoplasmic side of nuclear pore C The side of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) that faces the nucleoplasm.
1990876 cytoplasmic side of nuclear pore C The side of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) that faces the cytoplasm.
1990877 Lst4-Lst7 complex C A heterodimeric complex that functions as a GTPase-Activating Protein (GAP) Complex for members of the Rag family of GTPases. In the budding yeast, this complex contains Lst4 and Lst7, while the orthologous mammalian complex contains Follicular (FLCN) and either follicular interaction protein 1 (FNIP1) or FNIP2.
1990878 cellular response to gastrin P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gastrin stimulus.
1990879 CST complex C A complex formed by the association of Cdc13 (CTC1 in mammals) with Stn1 in yeast (OBFC1 in mammals) and Ten1 protein (also TEN1 in mammals) with single-stranded telomeric DNA. The CST complex plays a role in telomere protection.
1990880 cellular detoxification of copper ion P Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of copper ions in a cell. These include transport of copper cations away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration.
1990882 rRNA acetylation P The modification of rRNA structure by addition of an acetyl group to rRNA. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid.
1990883 rRNA cytidine N-acetyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + cytidine = CoA + N4-acetylcytidine. The cytidine is within the polynucleotide chain of an rRNA.
1990884 RNA acetylation P The posttranscriptional addition of one or more acetyl groups to specific residues in an RNA molecule.
1990886 3,4-dihydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoic acid O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoic acid + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoic acid + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.
1990887 2-polyprenyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-polyprenyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = ubiquinol-n + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.
1990888 2-polyprenyl-6-hydroxyphenol O-methyltransferase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: 2-polyprenyl-6-hydroxyphenol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-polyprenyl-6-methoxyphenol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.
1990889 H4K20me3 modified histone binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a histone H4 in which the lysine residue at position 20 has been modified by trimethylation.
1990890 netrin receptor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a netrin receptor.
1990891 mitotic sister chromatid arm separation P The cell cycle process in which sister chromatid arms are physically detached from each other during mitosis.
1990892 mitotic chromosome arm chromatin condensation P The cell cycle process in which chromosome arm chromatin structure is compacted prior to and during mitosis in eukaryotic cells.
1990893 mitotic chromosome centromere condensation P The cell cycle process in which centromere chromatin structure is compacted prior to and during mitosis.
1990895 regulation of protein localization to cell cortex of cell tip P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell cortex of cell tip.
1990896 protein localization to cell cortex of cell tip P A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the cell cortex of the cell tip.
1990898 meiotic DNA double-strand break clipping P The process by which SPO11/Rec12-oligonucleotide complexes are removed from 5' DNA double-strand breaks induced during meiosis. Proteins involved in this process include the MRX/MRN complex and Sae2/Ctp1/RBBP8(CtIP).
1990899 meiotic DNA double-strand break resectioning P The process following clipping in double-strand break processing of SPO11 induced breaks, where long-tract single-stranded 3'-end DNA is generated from naked (SPO11 has been removed) 5' ends.
1990900 ciliary pocket collar C A constriction site at the junction of the plasma, flagellar and flagellar pocket membranes where the flagellum emerges from the cell body. Observed in some unicellular eukaryotic species such as Chlamydomonas, Giardia and Trypanosoma.
1990901 old cell pole C The cell pole distal from the most recent cell division. In rod-shaped bacteria, some experiments distinguish between the old and new cell poles after cell division.
1990902 new cell pole C The cell pole proximal to the most recent cell division. In rod-shaped bacteria, some experiments distinguish between the old and new cell poles after cell division.
1990903 extracellular ribonucleoprotein complex C An extracellular macromolecular complex containing both protein and RNA molecules.
1990904 ribonucleoprotein complex C A macromolecular complex containing both protein and RNA molecules.
1990905 dinoflagellate peduncle C A small, flexible, finger-like appendage located near the flagellar pores in some photosynthetic as well as nonphotosynthetic dinoflagellate species. Its functions are not fully understood, but it has been associated with feeding behavior (phagotrophy).
1990906 accessory outer segment C A cilium-like cell projection emanating from the inner segment and running alongside the outer segment of photoreceptors.
1990907 beta-catenin-TCF complex C A protein complex that contains beta-catenin and a member of the T-cell factor (TCF)/lymphoid enhancer binding factor (LEF) family of transcription factors.
1990909 Wnt signalosome C A multiprotein protein complex containing membrane-localized Wnt receptors and cytosolic protein complexes, which is capable of transmitting the Wnt signal. Contains at least a Wnt protein, LRP5 or LRP6, a member of the Frizzled (Fz) family, Axin and and a Dishevelled (DVL) protein.
1990910 response to hypobaric hypoxia P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension combined with low atmospheric pressure. Hypoxia is defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95% and hypobaric is defined as atmospheric pressure below 0.74 atm (greater than 2,500 m above sea level).
1990911 response to psychosocial stress P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of exposure to aversive or demanding psychological and social conditions that tax or exceed the behavioral resources of the organism.
1990913 sperm head plasma membrane C The plasma membrane that is part of the head section of a sperm cell.
1990914 integral component of periplasmic side of plasma membrane C The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products that penetrate only the periplasmic side of the membrane.
1990915 structural constituent of ascospore wall F The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of an ascospore wall.
1990916 Isp3 layer of spore wall C The outermost layers of the spore wall, as described in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
1990917 ooplasm C The cytoplasm of an ovum.
1990918 double-strand break repair involved in meiotic recombination P The repair of double-strand breaks in DNA via homologous and nonhomologous mechanisms to reform a continuous DNA helix that contributes to reciprocal meiotic recombination.
1990919 nuclear membrane proteasome anchor F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a proteasome complex and a nuclear inner membrane, in order to maintain the nuclear membrane localization of the proteasome.
1990920 proteasome localization to nuclear periphery P Any process in which the proteasome is transported to, or maintained at the nuclear periphery.
1990922 hepatic stellate cell proliferation P The multiplication or reproduction of hepatic stellate cells, resulting in the expansion of a hepatic stellate cell population. Hepatic stellate cells are found in the perisinusoidal space of the liver, and are capable of multiple roles including storage of retinol, presentation of antigen to T cells (including CD1d-restricted NKT cells), and upon activation, production of extracellular matrix components. This cell type comprises approximately 8-15% of total cells in the liver.
1990923 PET complex C A protein complex that is composed of at least EXD1, TDRD12 and some PIWI protein. The complex is required for MILI slicing-triggered biogenesis and loading of MIWI2 piRNAs
1990925 mitochondrial iron ion transmembrane transport P The directed movement of iron ions from one side of a membrane into, out of or within a mitochondrion.
1990926 short-term synaptic potentiation P The process by which synaptic transmission, induced by the arrival of a spike (action potential) at a synapse, acts to increase the amount of neurotransmitter released in response to the arrival of subsequent spikes. This effect is seen when a train of closely space spikes arrives at a synapse with a low initial release probability. It occurs in a timeframe of tens to hundreds of milliseconds.
1990927 calcium ion regulated lysosome exocytosis P The process of secretion by a cell that results in the release of intracellular molecules contained within a lysosome by fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane of a cell, induced by a rise in cytosolic calcium-ion levels.
1990928 response to amino acid starvation P Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of amino acids.
1990929 sulfoquinovosidase activity F Catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing alpha-sulfoquinovoside residues in alpha-sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerides and alpha-sulfoquinovosyl glycerol, generating alpha-sulfoquinovose.
1990930 RNA N1-methyladenosine dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the oxidative demethylation of N1-methyladenosine RNA, with concomitant decarboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate and releases oxidized methyl group on N1-methyladenosine as formaldehyde.
1990931 RNA N6-methyladenosine dioxygenase activity F Catalysis of the oxidative demethylation of N6-methyladenosine RNA, with concomitant decarboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate and releases oxidized methyl group on N6-methyladenosine as formaldehyde.
1990932 5.8S rRNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with 5.8S ribosomal RNA, a eukaryotic ribosomal RNA which forms a complex with 28S RNA.
1990933 microtubule cytoskeleton attachment to nuclear envelope P A process in which the microtubule cytoskeleton is attached to the nuclear envelope.
1990934 nucleolus-like body C A nuclear compartment containing significant amounts of non-nucleolar, spliceosomal components. It is commonly found in germinal vesicle (GV) stage oocytes, and is similar to both nucleoli and sphere organelles.
1990935 splicing factor binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein involved in the process of removing sections of the primary RNA transcript to form the mature form of the RNA.
1990936 vascular smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation P The process in which a vascular smooth muscle cell (a non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the blood vessels) loses the structural or functional features that characterize it in the mature organism, or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Under certain conditions, these cells can revert back to the features of the stem cells that were their ancestors.
1990937 xylan acetylation P The addition of one or more acetyl groups to a xylan molecule.
1990938 peptidyl-aspartic acid autophosphorylation P The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own aspartate amino acid residues, or an aspartate residue on an identical protein.
1990939 ATP-dependent microtubule motor activity F Catalysis of movement along a microtubule, coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP.
1990941 mitotic spindle kinetochore microtubule C Any of the mitotic spindle microtubules that attach to the kinetochores of chromosomes by their plus ends, and maneuver the chromosomes during mitotic chromosome segregation.
1990942 mitotic metaphase chromosome recapture P A mechanism to recapture 'lost' chromosomes (chromosomes which have become detached from the spindle) during metaphase of mitotic chromosome segregation. Chromosomes with unattached kinetochores are migrated along (non polar) spindle microtubules to the mitotic spindle pole body by a combination of microtubule depolymerisation and 'kinetochore sliding' (migration of the chromosome along the microtubule). The chromosome subsequently migrates along the polar spindle microtubule to the metaphase plate.
1990943 mating type region replication fork barrier binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the replication fork barrier found in the mating type region of fission yeast.
1990944 maintenance of spindle pole body localization P Any process in which a spindle pole body is maintained in a specific location. A spindle pole body is a type of microtubule organizing center found in fungal cells.
1990946 meiosis I/meiosis II transition P The cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from meiosis I to meiosis II.
1990947 exit from meiosis P Any process involved in the progression from anaphase/telophase of meiosis II to the creation of end products of meiosis, in which ploidy is reduced by half.
1990948 ubiquitin ligase inhibitor activity F Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a ubiquitin ligase.
1990949 metaphase/anaphase transition of meiosis I P The cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase as part of meiosis I.
1990950 metaphase/anaphase transition of meiosis II P The cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase as part of meiosis II.
1990953 intramanchette transport P The movement of vesicles and protein complexes carried out by molecular motors, kinesins and dynein, along the microtubule tracks within the manchette and by myosin along actin filaments.
1990954 establishment of protein localization to meiotic spindle pole body P The directed movement of a protein to a specific location at the meiotic spindle pole body.
1990955 G-rich single-stranded DNA binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with G-rich, single-stranded DNA.
1990956 fibroblast chemotaxis P The directed movement of a fibroblast guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).
1990957 NPHP complex C A protein complex that is located at the ciliary transition zone and consists of the NPHP4 and NPHP1 proteins. It acts as an organiser of the transition zone inner structure, specifically the Y-shaped links, in conjunction with the MKS complex. It is involved in ciliary protein trafficking and is required for correct functioning of the WNT and Hippo signaling pathways.
1990959 eosinophil homeostasis P The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of eosinophils such that the total number of eosinophils within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.
1990960 basophil homeostasis P The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of basophils such that the total number of basophils within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.
1990961 drug transmembrane export P The directed movement of drugs out of a cell or organelle across a membrane.
1990962 drug transport across blood-brain barrier P The directed movement of drugs passing through the blood-brain barrier.
1990963 establishment of blood-retinal barrier P Establishment of the barrier between the blood and the retina. The blood-retinal barrier is located at two levels, forming an outer barrier in the retinal pigment epithelium and an inner barrier in the endothelial membrane of the retinal vessels. Both these membranes have tight junctions of the "nonleaky" type.
1990964 actin cytoskeleton-regulatory complex C A protein complex probably required for the internalization of endosomes during actin-coupled endocytosis. Links the site of endocytosis to the cell membrane-associated actin cytoskeleton, coordinating ARP2/3 stimulation at the later stages of endocytosis. Present in the late endocytic coat.
1990965 cytosylglucuronate decarboxylase activity F Catalysis of the reaction: cytosylglucuronic acid + H(+) = cytosylarabinopyranose + CO(2).
1990966 ATP generation from poly-ADP-D-ribose P The process of generating ATP in the nucleus from poly-ADP-D-ribose. Nuclear ATP generation is required for extensive chromatin remodeling events that are energy-consuming.
1990967 multi-organism toxin transport P The directed movement of a toxin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells where two or more organisms of the same or different species are involved.
1990968 modulation by host of RNA binding by virus P A process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a viral gene product binding to RNA.
1990969 modulation by host of viral RNA-binding transcription factor activity P A process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a viral RNA-binding transcription factor.
1990970 trans-activation response element binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a trans-activation response (TAR) element, a hairpin RNA structure located at the 5' end of all HIV-1 transcripts, and which is required for trans-activation of a viral promoter.
1990971 EMILIN complex C Glycoprotein complex of the C1q/TNF superfamily found in the extracellular matrix (ECM) where it is an important component of the elastic fiber system. A homotrimer that will combine to form supramolecular EMILIN structures.
1990972 multimerin complex C Glycoprotein complex of the C1q/TNF superfamily involved in cell adhesion. A homotrimer that will combine to form supramolecular Multimerin structures.
1990973 transmembrane actin-associated (TAN) line C A linear array of nuclear envelope membrane proteins composed of nesprin-2G and SUN2, which couple the nucleus to moving actin cables, resulting in rearward nuclear transport (away from the leading edge).
1990974 actin-dependent nuclear migration P The process whereby the centrosome is held at the cell center while the nucleus moves to the cell rear by actin retrograde flow resulting in the position of the centrosome between the nucleus and the leading edge of the cell.
1990975 establishment of protein localization to mitotic spindle pole body P The directed movement of a protein to a specific location at the mitotic spindle pole body.
1990976 protein transport along microtubule to mitotic spindle pole body P The directed movement of a protein along a microtubule to the mitotic spindle pole body, mediated by motor proteins.
1990983 tRNA demethylation P The removal of a methyl group from one or more residues within a tRNA molecule.
1990984 tRNA demethylase activity F Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from one or more positions within a tRNA molecule.
1990986 DNA recombinase disassembly P The disaggregation of a DNA recombinase complex into its constituent strand exchange proteins (recombinases).
2000001 regulation of DNA damage checkpoint P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a DNA damage checkpoint.
2000002 negative regulation of DNA damage checkpoint P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a DNA damage checkpoint.
2000003 positive regulation of DNA damage checkpoint P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a DNA damage checkpoint.
2000004 regulation of metanephric S-shaped body morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric S-shaped body morphogenesis.
2000005 negative regulation of metanephric S-shaped body morphogenesis P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric S-shaped body morphogenesis.
2000006 regulation of metanephric comma-shaped body morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric comma-shaped body morphogenesis.
2000007 negative regulation of metanephric comma-shaped body morphogenesis P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric comma-shaped body morphogenesis.
2000008 regulation of protein localization to cell surface P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to the cell surface.
2000009 negative regulation of protein localization to cell surface P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to the cell surface.
2000010 positive regulation of protein localization to cell surface P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to the cell surface.
2000011 regulation of adaxial/abaxial pattern formation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adaxial/abaxial pattern formation.
2000012 regulation of auxin polar transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of auxin polar transport.
2000013 regulation of arginine biosynthetic process via ornithine P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of arginine biosynthetic process via ornithine.
2000014 regulation of endosperm development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endosperm development.
2000015 regulation of determination of dorsal identity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of determination of dorsal identity.
2000016 negative regulation of determination of dorsal identity P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of determination of dorsal identity.
2000017 positive regulation of determination of dorsal identity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of determination of dorsal identity.
2000018 regulation of male gonad development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of male gonad development.
2000019 negative regulation of male gonad development P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of male gonad development.
2000020 positive regulation of male gonad development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of male gonad development.
2000021 regulation of ion homeostasis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ion homeostasis.
2000022 regulation of jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway.
2000023 regulation of lateral root development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lateral root development.
2000024 regulation of leaf development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leaf development.
2000025 regulation of leaf formation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leaf formation.
2000026 regulation of multicellular organismal development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of multicellular organismal development.
2000027 regulation of organ morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of animal organ morphogenesis.
2000028 regulation of photoperiodism, flowering P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of photoperiodism, flowering.
2000029 regulation of proanthocyanidin biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of proanthocyanidin biosynthetic process.
2000030 regulation of response to red or far red light P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to red or far red light.
2000031 regulation of salicylic acid mediated signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of salicylic acid mediated signaling pathway.
2000032 regulation of secondary shoot formation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secondary shoot formation.
2000033 regulation of seed dormancy process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of seed dormancy process.
2000034 regulation of seed maturation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of seed maturation.
2000035 regulation of stem cell division P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell division.
2000036 regulation of stem cell population maintenance P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell population maintenance.
2000037 regulation of stomatal complex patterning P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stomatal complex patterning.
2000038 regulation of stomatal complex development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stomatal complex development.
2000039 regulation of trichome morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of trichome morphogenesis.
2000040 regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in axis elongation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in axis elongation.
2000041 negative regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in axis elongation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in axis elongation.
2000042 negative regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination.
2000043 regulation of cardiac cell fate specification P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac cell fate specification.
2000044 negative regulation of cardiac cell fate specification P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac cell fate specification.
2000045 regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle P Any cell cycle regulatory process that controls the commitment of a cell from G1 to S phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
2000047 regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin.
2000048 negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin.
2000049 positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin.
2000050 regulation of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway.
2000051 negative regulation of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway.
2000052 positive regulation of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of non-canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway.
2000053 regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification.
2000054 negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification.
2000055 positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification.
2000056 regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in digestive tract morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway involved in digestive tract morphogenesis.
2000057 negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in digestive tract morphogenesis P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway involved in digestive tract morphogenesis.
2000058 regulation of protein ubiquitination involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein ubiquitination involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process.
2000059 negative regulation of protein ubiquitination involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein ubiquitination involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process.
2000060 positive regulation of protein ubiquitination involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein ubiquitination involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process.
2000061 regulation of ureter smooth muscle cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ureter smooth muscle cell differentiation.
2000062 negative regulation of ureter smooth muscle cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ureter smooth muscle cell differentiation.
2000063 positive regulation of ureter smooth muscle cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ureter smooth muscle cell differentiation.
2000064 regulation of cortisol biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cortisol biosynthetic process.
2000065 negative regulation of cortisol biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cortisol biosynthetic process.
2000066 positive regulation of cortisol biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cortisol biosynthetic process.
2000067 regulation of root morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of root morphogenesis.
2000068 regulation of defense response to insect P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to insect.
2000069 regulation of post-embryonic root development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of post-embryonic root development.
2000070 regulation of response to water deprivation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to water deprivation.
2000071 regulation of defense response by callose deposition P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defense response by callose deposition.
2000072 regulation of defense response to fungus, incompatible interaction P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to fungus, incompatible interaction.
2000073 regulation of cytokinesis, site selection P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of site selection that occurs as part of cytokinesis.
2000074 regulation of type B pancreatic cell development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic B cell development.
2000075 negative regulation of cytokinesis, site selection P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of site selection that occurs as part of cytokinesis.
2000076 positive regulation cytokinesis, site selection P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of site selection that occurs as part of cytokinesis.
2000077 negative regulation of type B pancreatic cell development P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic B cell development.
2000078 positive regulation of type B pancreatic cell development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic B cell development.
2000079 regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in controlling type B pancreatic cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway modulating the rate or frequency of pancreatic B cell proliferation.
2000080 negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in controlling type B pancreatic cell proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway modulating the rate or frequency of pancreatic B cell proliferation.
2000081 positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in controlling type B pancreatic cell proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway modulating the rate or frequency of pancreatic B cell proliferation.
2000082 regulation of L-ascorbic acid biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-ascorbic acid biosynthetic process.
2000083 negative regulation of L-ascorbic acid biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-ascorbic acid biosynthetic process.
2000084 regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in mesonephros morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in mesonephros morphogenesis.
2000085 negative regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in mesonephros morphogenesis P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in mesonephros morphogenesis.
2000086 positive regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in mesonephros morphogenesis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in mesonephros morphogenesis.
2000087 regulation of mesonephric glomerulus development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesonephric glomerulus development.
2000088 negative regulation of mesonephric glomerulus development P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesonephric glomerulus development.
2000089 positive regulation of mesonephric glomerulus development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesonephric glomerulus development.
2000090 regulation of mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation.
2000091 negative regulation of mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation.
2000092 positive regulation of mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation.
2000093 regulation of mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation.
2000094 negative regulation of mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation.
2000095 regulation of Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway.
2000096 positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway.
2000097 regulation of smooth muscle cell-matrix adhesion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell-matrix adhesion.
2000098 negative regulation of smooth muscle cell-matrix adhesion P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell-matrix adhesion.
2000099 regulation of establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity.
2000100 regulation of establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape.
2000101 regulation of mammary stem cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mammary stem cell proliferation.
2000102 negative regulation of mammary stem cell proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mammary stem cell proliferation.
2000103 positive regulation of mammary stem cell proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mammary stem cell proliferation.
2000104 negative regulation of DNA-dependent DNA replication P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-dependent DNA replication.
2000105 positive regulation of DNA-dependent DNA replication P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-dependent DNA replication.
2000106 regulation of leukocyte apoptotic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte apoptotic process.
2000107 negative regulation of leukocyte apoptotic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte apoptotic process.
2000108 positive regulation of leukocyte apoptotic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte apoptotic process.
2000109 regulation of macrophage apoptotic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage apoptotic process.
2000110 negative regulation of macrophage apoptotic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage apoptotic process.
2000111 positive regulation of macrophage apoptotic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage apoptotic process.
2000112 regulation of cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process.
2000113 negative regulation of cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process.
2000114 regulation of establishment of cell polarity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of cell polarity.
2000115 regulation of maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating in cell shape.
2000116 regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity.
2000117 negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity.
2000118 regulation of sodium-dependent phosphate transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sodium-dependent phosphate transport.
2000119 negative regulation of sodium-dependent phosphate transport P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sodium-dependent phosphate transport.
2000120 positive regulation of sodium-dependent phosphate transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sodium-dependent phosphate transport.
2000121 regulation of removal of superoxide radicals P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of removal of superoxide radicals.
2000122 negative regulation of stomatal complex development P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of stomatal complex development.
2000123 positive regulation of stomatal complex development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of stomatal complex development.
2000124 regulation of endocannabinoid signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endocannabinoid signaling pathway.
2000125 regulation of octopamine or tyramine signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of octopamine or tyramine signaling pathway.
2000126 negative regulation of octopamine or tyramine signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of octopamine or tyramine signaling pathway.
2000127 positive regulation of octopamine or tyramine signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of octopamine or tyramine signaling pathway.
2000128 regulation of octopamine signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of octopamine signaling pathway.
2000129 negative regulation of octopamine signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of octopamine signaling pathway.
2000130 positive regulation of octopamine signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of octopamine signaling pathway.
2000131 regulation of tyramine signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tyramine signaling pathway.
2000132 negative regulation of tyramine signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tyramine signaling pathway.
2000133 positive regulation of tyramine signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tyramine signaling pathway.
2000134 negative regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle P Any cell cycle regulatory process that prevents the commitment of a cell from G1 to S phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
2000136 regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis.
2000137 negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis.
2000138 positive regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis.
2000139 regulation of octopamine signaling pathway involved in response to food P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of octopamine signaling pathway involved in response to food.
2000140 negative regulation of octopamine signaling pathway involved in response to food P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of octopamine signaling pathway involved in response to food.
2000141 positive regulation of octopamine signaling pathway involved in response to food P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of octopamine signaling pathway involved in response to food.
2000142 regulation of DNA-templated transcription, initiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-templated transcription initiation.
2000143 negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription, initiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-templated transcription initiation.
2000144 positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription, initiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-templated transcription initiation.
2000145 regulation of cell motility P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility.
2000146 negative regulation of cell motility P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility.
2000147 positive regulation of cell motility P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility.
2000148 regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in ventricular septum morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in ventricular septum morphogenesis.
2000149 negative regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in ventricular septum morphogenesis P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in ventricular septum morphogenesis.
2000150 regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis.
2000151 negative regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis.
2000152 regulation of ubiquitin-specific protease activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of regulation of ubiquitin-specific protease activity (deubiquitinase) activity.
2000155 positive regulation of cilium-dependent cell motility P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cilium-dependent cell motility.
2000156 regulation of retrograde vesicle-mediated transport, Golgi to ER P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde vesicle-mediated transport, Golgi to ER.
2000157 negative regulation of ubiquitin-specific protease activity P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin-specific protease (deubiquitinase) activity.
2000158 positive regulation of ubiquitin-specific protease activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin-specific protease (deubiquitinase) activity.
2000159 regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in heart morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in heart morphogenesis.
2000160 negative regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in heart morphogenesis P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in heart morphogenesis.
2000161 regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in cardiac right atrium morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in cardiac right atrium morphogenesis.
2000162 negative regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in cardiac right atrium morphogenesis P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in cardiac right atrium morphogenesis.
2000163 regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in outflow tract morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.
2000164 negative regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in outflow tract morphogenesis P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.
2000165 regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in pericardium morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in pericardium morphogenesis.
2000166 negative regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in pericardium morphogenesis P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in pericardium morphogenesis.
2000167 regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in neural tube closure P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in neural tube closure.
2000168 negative regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in neural tube closure P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in neural tube closure.
2000169 regulation of peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation.
2000170 positive regulation of peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation.
2000171 negative regulation of dendrite development P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite development.
2000172 regulation of branching morphogenesis of a nerve P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of branching morphogenesis of a nerve.
2000173 negative regulation of branching morphogenesis of a nerve P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of branching morphogenesis of a nerve.
2000174 regulation of pro-T cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pro-T cell differentiation.
2000175 negative regulation of pro-T cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pro-T cell differentiation.
2000176 positive regulation of pro-T cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pro-T cell differentiation.
2000177 regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neural precursor cell proliferation.
2000178 negative regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neural precursor cell proliferation.
2000179 positive regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neural precursor cell proliferation.
2000180 negative regulation of androgen biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of androgen biosynthetic process.
2000181 negative regulation of blood vessel morphogenesis P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel morphogenesis.
2000182 regulation of progesterone biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of progesterone biosynthetic process.
2000183 negative regulation of progesterone biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of progesterone biosynthetic process.
2000184 positive regulation of progesterone biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of progesterone biosynthetic process.
2000185 regulation of phosphate transmembrane transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphate transmembrane transport.
2000186 negative regulation of phosphate transmembrane transport P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphate transmembrane transport.
2000187 positive regulation of phosphate transmembrane transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphate transmembrane transport.
2000188 regulation of cholesterol homeostasis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol homeostasis.
2000189 positive regulation of cholesterol homeostasis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol homeostasis.
2000191 regulation of fatty acid transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid transport.
2000192 negative regulation of fatty acid transport P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid transport.
2000193 positive regulation of fatty acid transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid transport.
2000194 regulation of female gonad development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of female gonad development.
2000195 negative regulation of female gonad development P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of female gonad development.
2000196 positive regulation of female gonad development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of female gonad development.
2000197 regulation of ribonucleoprotein complex localization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ribonucleoprotein complex localization.
2000198 negative regulation of ribonucleoprotein complex localization P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ribonucleoprotein complex localization.
2000199 positive regulation of ribonucleoprotein complex localization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ribonucleoprotein complex localization.
2000200 regulation of ribosomal subunit export from nucleus P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ribosomal subunit export from nucleus.
2000201 negative regulation of ribosomal subunit export from nucleus P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ribosomal subunit export from nucleus.
2000202 positive regulation of ribosomal subunit export from nucleus P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ribosomal subunit export from nucleus.
2000203 regulation of ribosomal large subunit export from nucleus P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ribosomal large subunit export from nucleus.
2000204 negative regulation of ribosomal large subunit export from nucleus P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ribosomal large subunit export from nucleus.
2000205 positive regulation of ribosomal large subunit export from nucleus P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ribosomal large subunit export from nucleus.
2000206 regulation of ribosomal small subunit export from nucleus P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ribosomal small subunit export from nucleus.
2000207 negative regulation of ribosomal small subunit export from nucleus P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ribosomal small subunit export from nucleus.
2000208 positive regulation of ribosomal small subunit export from nucleus P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ribosomal small subunit export from nucleus.
2000209 regulation of anoikis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anoikis.
2000210 positive regulation of anoikis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anoikis.
2000211 regulation of glutamate metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutamate metabolic process.
2000212 negative regulation of glutamate metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glutamate metabolic process.
2000213 positive regulation of glutamate metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glutamate metabolic process.
2000214 regulation of proline metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of proline metabolic process.
2000215 negative regulation of proline metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of proline metabolic process.
2000216 positive regulation of proline metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of proline metabolic process.
2000217 regulation of invasive growth in response to glucose limitation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of invasive growth in response to glucose limitation.
2000218 negative regulation of invasive growth in response to glucose limitation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of invasive growth in response to glucose limitation.
2000219 positive regulation of invasive growth in response to glucose limitation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of invasive growth in response to glucose limitation.
2000220 regulation of pseudohyphal growth P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pseudohyphal growth.
2000221 negative regulation of pseudohyphal growth P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pseudohyphal growth.
2000222 positive regulation of pseudohyphal growth P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pseudohyphal growth.
2000223 regulation of BMP signaling pathway involved in heart jogging P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of BMP signaling pathway involved in heart jogging.
2000224 regulation of testosterone biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of testosterone biosynthetic process.
2000225 negative regulation of testosterone biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of testosterone biosynthetic process.
2000226 regulation of pancreatic A cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic A cell differentiation.
2000227 negative regulation of pancreatic A cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic A cell differentiation.
2000228 positive regulation of pancreatic A cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic A cell differentiation.
2000229 regulation of pancreatic stellate cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic stellate cell proliferation.
2000230 negative regulation of pancreatic stellate cell proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic stellate cell proliferation.
2000231 positive regulation of pancreatic stellate cell proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic stellate cell proliferation.
2000232 regulation of rRNA processing P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of rRNA processing.
2000233 negative regulation of rRNA processing P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of rRNA processing.
2000234 positive regulation of rRNA processing P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of rRNA processing.
2000235 regulation of tRNA processing P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tRNA processing.
2000236 negative regulation of tRNA processing P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tRNA processing.
2000237 positive regulation of tRNA processing P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tRNA processing.
2000238 regulation of tRNA export from nucleus P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tRNA export from nucleus.
2000239 negative regulation of tRNA export from nucleus P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tRNA export from nucleus.
2000240 positive regulation of tRNA export from nucleus P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tRNA export from nucleus.
2000241 regulation of reproductive process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process.
2000242 negative regulation of reproductive process P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process.
2000243 positive regulation of reproductive process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process.
2000244 regulation of FtsZ-dependent cytokinesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of FtsZ-dependent cytokinesis.
2000245 negative regulation of FtsZ-dependent cytokinesis P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Ftsz-dependent cytokinesis.
2000246 positive regulation of FtsZ-dependent cytokinesis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Ftsz-dependent cytokinesis.
2000247 positive regulation of establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape.
2000248 negative regulation of establishment or maintenance of neuroblast polarity P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or maintenance of neuroblast polarity.
2000249 regulation of actin cytoskeleton reorganization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin cytoskeleton reorganization.
2000250 negative regulation of actin cytoskeleton reorganization P Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin cytoskeleton reorganization.
2000251 positive regulation of actin cytoskeleton reorganization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin cytoskeleton reorganization.
2000252 negative regulation of feeding behavior P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of feeding behavior.
2000253 positive regulation of feeding behavior P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of feeding behavior.
2000254 regulation of male germ cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of male germ cell proliferation.
2000255 negative regulation of male germ cell proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of male germ cell proliferation.
2000256 positive regulation of male germ cell proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of male germ cell proliferation.
2000257 regulation of protein activation cascade P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein activation cascade.
2000258 negative regulation of protein activation cascade P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein activation cascade.
2000259 positive regulation of protein activation cascade P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein activation cascade.
2000260 regulation of blood coagulation, common pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation, common pathway.
2000261 negative regulation of blood coagulation, common pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation, common pathway.
2000262 positive regulation of blood coagulation, common pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation, common pathway.
2000263 regulation of blood coagulation, extrinsic pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation, extrinsic pathway.
2000264 negative regulation of blood coagulation, extrinsic pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation, extrinsic pathway.
2000265 positive regulation of blood coagulation, extrinsic pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation, extrinsic pathway.
2000266 regulation of blood coagulation, intrinsic pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation, intrinsic pathway.
2000267 negative regulation of blood coagulation, intrinsic pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation, intrinsic pathway.
2000268 positive regulation of blood coagulation, intrinsic pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation, intrinsic pathway.
2000269 regulation of fibroblast apoptotic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast apoptotic process.
2000270 negative regulation of fibroblast apoptotic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast apoptotic process.
2000271 positive regulation of fibroblast apoptotic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast apoptotic process.
2000272 negative regulation of receptor activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor activity.
2000273 positive regulation of receptor activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor activity.
2000274 regulation of epithelial cell migration, open tracheal system P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell migration, open tracheal system.
2000275 regulation of oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler activity.
2000276 negative regulation of oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler activity.
2000277 positive regulation of oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler activity.
2000278 regulation of DNA biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA biosynthetic process.
2000279 negative regulation of DNA biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA biosynthetic process.
2000280 regulation of root development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of root development.
2000281 regulation of histone H3-T3 phosphorylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-T3 phosphorylation.
2000282 regulation of cellular amino acid biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular amino acid biosynthetic process.
2000283 negative regulation of cellular amino acid biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular amino acid biosynthetic process.
2000284 positive regulation of cellular amino acid biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular amino acid biosynthetic process.
2000286 receptor internalization involved in canonical Wnt signaling pathway P A receptor internalization process that contributes to canonical Wnt signaling pathway.
2000287 positive regulation of myotome development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myotome development.
2000288 positive regulation of myoblast proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast proliferation.
2000289 regulation of photoreceptor cell axon guidance P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of photoreceptor cell axon guidance.
2000290 regulation of myotome development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myotome development.
2000291 regulation of myoblast proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast proliferation.
2000292 regulation of defecation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defecation.
2000293 negative regulation of defecation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of defecation.
2000294 positive regulation of defecation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of defecation.
2000295 regulation of hydrogen peroxide catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen peroxide catabolic process.
2000296 negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen peroxide catabolic process.
2000297 negative regulation of synapse maturation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synapse maturation.
2000298 regulation of Rho-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rho-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity.
2000299 negative regulation of Rho-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Rho-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity.
2000300 regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle exocytosis.
2000301 negative regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle exocytosis.
2000302 positive regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle exocytosis.
2000303 regulation of ceramide biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a ceramide biosynthetic process.
2000304 positive regulation of ceramide biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ceramide biosynthetic process.
2000305 semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in regulation of photoreceptor cell axon guidance P Any semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway that is involved in regulation of photoreceptor cell axon guidance.
2000306 positive regulation of photomorphogenesis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of photomorphogenesis.
2000307 regulation of tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member 11 production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member 11 production.
2000308 negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member 11 production P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member 11 production.
2000309 positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member 11 production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member 11 production.
2000310 regulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate selective glutamate receptor activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of N-methyl-D-aspartate selective glutamate receptor activity.
2000311 regulation of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate selective glutamate receptor activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate selective glutamate receptor activity.
2000312 regulation of kainate selective glutamate receptor activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of kainate selective glutamate receptor activity.
2000313 regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation.
2000314 negative regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation.
2000315 positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation.
2000316 regulation of T-helper 17 type immune response P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 type immune response.
2000317 negative regulation of T-helper 17 type immune response P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 type immune response.
2000318 positive regulation of T-helper 17 type immune response P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 type immune response.
2000319 regulation of T-helper 17 cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 cell differentiation.
2000320 negative regulation of T-helper 17 cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 cell differentiation.
2000321 positive regulation of T-helper 17 cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 cell differentiation.
2000322 regulation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway.
2000323 negative regulation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway.
2000324 positive regulation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway.
2000325 regulation of ligand-dependent nuclear receptor transcription coactivator activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ligand-dependent nuclear receptor transcription coactivator activity.
2000326 negative regulation of ligand-dependent nuclear receptor transcription coactivator activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ligand-dependent nuclear receptor transcription coactivator activity.
2000327 positive regulation of ligand-dependent nuclear receptor transcription coactivator activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ligand-dependent nuclear receptor transcription coactivator activity.
2000328 regulation of T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment.
2000329 negative regulation of T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment.
2000330 positive regulation of T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment.
2000331 regulation of terminal button organization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of terminal button organization.
2000332 regulation of blood microparticle formation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood microparticle formation.
2000333 negative regulation of blood microparticle formation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood microparticle formation.
2000334 positive regulation of blood microparticle formation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood microparticle formation.
2000335 regulation of endothelial microparticle formation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial microparticle formation.
2000336 negative regulation of endothelial microparticle formation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial microparticle formation.
2000337 positive regulation of endothelial microparticle formation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial microparticle formation.
2000338 regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 production.
2000339 negative regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 production P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 production.
2000340 positive regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 production.
2000341 regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production.
2000342 negative regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production.
2000343 positive regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production.
2000344 positive regulation of acrosome reaction P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the acrosome reaction.
2000345 regulation of hepatocyte proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte proliferation.
2000346 negative regulation of hepatocyte proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte proliferation.
2000347 positive regulation of hepatocyte proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte proliferation.
2000348 regulation of CD40 signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the CD40 signaling pathway.
2000349 negative regulation of CD40 signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the CD40 signaling pathway.
2000350 positive regulation of CD40 signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the CD40 signaling pathway.
2000351 regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell apoptotic process.
2000352 negative regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell apoptotic process.
2000353 positive regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell apoptotic process.
2000354 regulation of ovarian follicle development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ovarian follicle development.
2000355 negative regulation of ovarian follicle development P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ovarian follicle development.
2000356 regulation of kidney smooth muscle cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of kidney smooth muscle cell differentiation.
2000357 negative regulation of kidney smooth muscle cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of kidney smooth muscle cell differentiation.
2000358 positive regulation of kidney smooth muscle cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of kidney smooth muscle cell differentiation.
2000359 regulation of binding of sperm to zona pellucida P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of binding of sperm to the zona pellucida.
2000360 negative regulation of binding of sperm to zona pellucida P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of binding of sperm to the zona pellucida.
2000361 regulation of prostaglandin-E synthase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of prostaglandin-E synthase activity.
2000362 negative regulation of prostaglandin-E synthase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of prostaglandin-E synthase activity.
2000363 positive regulation of prostaglandin-E synthase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of prostaglandin-E synthase activity.
2000364 regulation of STAT protein import into nucleus P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of STAT protein import into nucleus.
2000365 negative regulation of STAT protein import into nucleus P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of STAT protein import into nucleus.
2000366 positive regulation of STAT protein import into nucleus P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of STAT protein import into nucleus.
2000367 regulation of acrosomal vesicle exocytosis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of acrosomal vesicle exocytosis.
2000368 positive regulation of acrosomal vesicle exocytosis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of acrosomal vesicle exocytosis.
2000369 regulation of clathrin-dependent endocytosis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
2000370 positive regulation of clathrin-dependent endocytosis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
2000371 regulation of DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity.
2000372 negative regulation of DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity.
2000373 positive regulation of DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity.
2000374 regulation of oxygen metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oxygen metabolic process.
2000375 negative regulation of oxygen metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oxygen metabolic process.
2000376 positive regulation of oxygen metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oxygen metabolic process.
2000377 regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species metabolic process.
2000378 negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species metabolic process.
2000379 positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species metabolic process.
2000380 regulation of mesoderm development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm development.
2000381 negative regulation of mesoderm development P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm development.
2000382 positive regulation of mesoderm development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm development.
2000383 regulation of ectoderm development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ectoderm development.
2000384 negative regulation of ectoderm development P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ectoderm development.
2000385 positive regulation of ectoderm development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ectoderm development.
2000386 positive regulation of ovarian follicle development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ovarian follicle development.
2000387 regulation of antral ovarian follicle growth P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of antral ovarian follicle growth.
2000388 positive regulation of antral ovarian follicle growth P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of antral ovarian follicle growth.
2000389 regulation of neutrophil extravasation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil extravasation.
2000390 negative regulation of neutrophil extravasation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil extravasation.
2000391 positive regulation of neutrophil extravasation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil extravasation.
2000392 regulation of lamellipodium morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lamellipodium morphogenesis.
2000393 negative regulation of lamellipodium morphogenesis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lamellipodium morphogenesis.
2000394 positive regulation of lamellipodium morphogenesis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lamellipodium morphogenesis.
2000395 regulation of ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis.
2000396 negative regulation of ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis.
2000397 positive regulation of ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis.
2000398 regulation of thymocyte aggregation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte aggregation.
2000399 negative regulation of thymocyte aggregation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte aggregation.
2000400 positive regulation of thymocyte aggregation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte aggregation.
2000401 regulation of lymphocyte migration P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte migration.
2000402 negative regulation of lymphocyte migration P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte migration.
2000403 positive regulation of lymphocyte migration P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte migration.
2000404 regulation of T cell migration P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell migration.
2000405 negative regulation of T cell migration P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell migration.
2000406 positive regulation of T cell migration P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell migration.
2000407 regulation of T cell extravasation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell extravasation.
2000408 negative regulation of T cell extravasation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell extravasation.
2000409 positive regulation of T cell extravasation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell extravasation.
2000410 regulation of thymocyte migration P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte migration.
2000411 negative regulation of thymocyte migration P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte migration.
2000412 positive regulation of thymocyte migration P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte migration.
2000413 regulation of fibronectin-dependent thymocyte migration P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fibronectin-dependent thymocyte migration.
2000414 negative regulation of fibronectin-dependent thymocyte migration P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibronectin-dependent thymocyte migration.
2000415 positive regulation of fibronectin-dependent thymocyte migration P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibronectin-dependent thymocyte migration.
2000416 regulation of eosinophil migration P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil migration.
2000417 negative regulation of eosinophil migration P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil migration.
2000418 positive regulation of eosinophil migration P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil migration.
2000419 regulation of eosinophil extravasation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil extravasation.
2000420 negative regulation of eosinophil extravasation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil extravasation.
2000421 positive regulation of eosinophil extravasation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil extravasation.
2000422 regulation of eosinophil chemotaxis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil chemotaxis.
2000423 negative regulation of eosinophil chemotaxis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil chemotaxis.
2000424 positive regulation of eosinophil chemotaxis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil chemotaxis.
2000425 regulation of apoptotic cell clearance P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic cell clearance.
2000426 negative regulation of apoptotic cell clearance P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic cell clearance.
2000427 positive regulation of apoptotic cell clearance P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic cell clearance.
2000428 regulation of neutrophil aggregation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil aggregation.
2000429 negative regulation of neutrophil aggregation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil aggregation.
2000430 positive regulation of neutrophil aggregation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil aggregation.
2000431 regulation of cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly.
2000432 negative regulation of cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly.
2000433 positive regulation of cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly.
2000434 regulation of protein neddylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein neddylation.
2000435 negative regulation of protein neddylation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein neddylation.
2000436 positive regulation of protein neddylation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein neddylation.
2000437 regulation of monocyte extravasation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte extravasation.
2000438 negative regulation of monocyte extravasation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte extravasation.
2000439 positive regulation of monocyte extravasation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte extravasation.
2000440 regulation of toll-like receptor 15 signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of toll-like receptor 15 signaling pathway.
2000441 negative regulation of toll-like receptor 15 signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of toll-like receptor 15 signaling pathway.
2000442 positive regulation of toll-like receptor 15 signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of toll-like receptor 15 signaling pathway.
2000443 regulation of toll-like receptor 21 signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of toll-like receptor 21 signaling pathway.
2000444 negative regulation of toll-like receptor 21 signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of toll-like receptor 21 signaling pathway.
2000445 positive regulation of toll-like receptor 21 signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of toll-like receptor 21 signaling pathway.
2000446 regulation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling pathway.
2000447 negative regulation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling pathway.
2000448 positive regulation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling pathway.
2000449 regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell extravasation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell extravasation.
2000450 negative regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell extravasation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell extravasation.
2000451 positive regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell extravasation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell extravasation.
2000452 regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell extravasation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell extravasation.
2000453 negative regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell extravasation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell extravasation.
2000454 positive regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell extravasation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell extravasation.
2000455 regulation of T-helper 17 cell extravasation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 cell extravasation.
2000456 negative regulation of T-helper 17 cell extravasation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 cell extravasation.
2000457 positive regulation of T-helper 17 cell extravasation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 cell extravasation.
2000458 regulation of astrocyte chemotaxis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte chemotaxis.
2000459 negative regulation of astrocyte chemotaxis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte chemotaxis.
2000463 positive regulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential P Any process that enhances the establishment or increases the extent of the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) which is a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an EPSP is an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and makes it easier for the neuron to fire an action potential.
2000464 positive regulation of astrocyte chemotaxis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte chemotaxis.
2000465 regulation of glycogen (starch) synthase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycogen (starch) synthase activity.
2000466 negative regulation of glycogen (starch) synthase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glycogen (starch) synthase activity.
2000467 positive regulation of glycogen (starch) synthase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycogen (starch) synthase activity.
2000468 regulation of peroxidase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peroxidase activity.
2000469 negative regulation of peroxidase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of peroxidase activity.
2000470 positive regulation of peroxidase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of peroxidase activity.
2000471 regulation of hematopoietic stem cell migration P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell migration.
2000472 negative regulation of hematopoietic stem cell migration P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell migration.
2000473 positive regulation of hematopoietic stem cell migration P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell migration.
2000474 regulation of opioid receptor signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of opioid receptor signaling pathway.
2000475 negative regulation of opioid receptor signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of opioid receptor signaling pathway.
2000476 positive regulation of opioid receptor signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of opioid receptor signaling pathway.
2000477 regulation of metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell development.
2000478 positive regulation of metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell development.
2000479 regulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity.
2000480 negative regulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity.
2000481 positive regulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity.
2000482 regulation of interleukin-8 secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-8 secretion.
2000483 negative regulation of interleukin-8 secretion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-8 secretion.
2000484 positive regulation of interleukin-8 secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-8 secretion.
2000485 regulation of glutamine transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutamine transport.
2000486 negative regulation of glutamine transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glutamine transport.
2000487 positive regulation of glutamine transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glutamine transport.
2000488 positive regulation of brassinosteroid biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of brassinosteroid biosynthetic process.
2000489 regulation of hepatic stellate cell activation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell activation.
2000490 negative regulation of hepatic stellate cell activation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell activation.
2000491 positive regulation of hepatic stellate cell activation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell activation.
2000492 regulation of interleukin-18-mediated signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-18-mediated signaling pathway.
2000493 negative regulation of interleukin-18-mediated signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-18-mediated signaling pathway.
2000494 positive regulation of interleukin-18-mediated signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-18-mediated signaling pathway.
2000495 regulation of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis.
2000496 negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis.
2000497 positive regulation of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis.
2000501 regulation of natural killer cell chemotaxis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell chemotaxis.
2000502 negative regulation of natural killer cell chemotaxis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell chemotaxis.
2000503 positive regulation of natural killer cell chemotaxis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell chemotaxis.
2000504 positive regulation of blood vessel remodeling P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel remodeling.
2000505 regulation of energy homeostasis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of energy homeostasis.
2000506 negative regulation of energy homeostasis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of energy homeostasis.
2000507 positive regulation of energy homeostasis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of energy homeostasis.
2000508 regulation of dendritic cell chemotaxis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell chemotaxis.
2000509 negative regulation of dendritic cell chemotaxis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell chemotaxis.
2000510 positive regulation of dendritic cell chemotaxis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell chemotaxis.
2000511 regulation of granzyme A production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of granzyme A production.
2000512 negative regulation of granzyme A production P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of granzyme A production.
2000513 positive regulation of granzyme A production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of granzyme A production.
2000514 regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation.
2000515 negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation.
2000516 positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation.
2000517 regulation of T-helper 1 cell activation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell activation.
2000518 negative regulation of T-helper 1 cell activation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell activation.
2000519 positive regulation of T-helper 1 cell activation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell activation.
2000520 regulation of immunological synapse formation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of immunological synapse formation.
2000521 negative regulation of immunological synapse formation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of immunological synapse formation.
2000522 positive regulation of immunological synapse formation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of immunological synapse formation.
2000523 regulation of T cell costimulation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell costimulation.
2000524 negative regulation of T cell costimulation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell costimulation.
2000525 positive regulation of T cell costimulation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell costimulation.
2000526 positive regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process involved in immunological synapse formation P Any positive regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process that is involved in immunological synapse formation.
2000527 regulation of myeloid dendritic cell chemotaxis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid dendritic cell chemotaxis.
2000528 negative regulation of myeloid dendritic cell chemotaxis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid dendritic cell chemotaxis.
2000529 positive regulation of myeloid dendritic cell chemotaxis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid dendritic cell chemotaxis.
2000531 regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the biosynthesis of fatty acids, by modulating the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
2000532 regulation of renal albumin absorption P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of renal albumin absorption.
2000533 negative regulation of renal albumin absorption P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of renal albumin absorption.
2000534 positive regulation of renal albumin absorption P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of renal albumin absorption.
2000535 regulation of entry of bacterium into host cell P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of entry of bacterium into host cell.
2000536 negative regulation of entry of bacterium into host cell P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of entry of bacterium into host cell.
2000537 regulation of B cell chemotaxis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of B cell chemotaxis.
2000538 positive regulation of B cell chemotaxis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of B cell chemotaxis.
2000539 regulation of protein geranylgeranylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein geranylgeranylation.
2000540 negative regulation of protein geranylgeranylation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein geranylgeranylation.
2000541 positive regulation of protein geranylgeranylation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein geranylgeranylation.
2000542 negative regulation of gastrulation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gastrulation.
2000543 positive regulation of gastrulation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gastrulation.
2000544 regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor.
2000545 negative regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor.
2000546 positive regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor.
2000547 regulation of dendritic cell dendrite assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell dendrite assembly.
2000548 negative regulation of dendritic cell dendrite assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell dendrite assembly.
2000549 positive regulation of dendritic cell dendrite assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell dendrite assembly.
2000550 negative regulation of B cell chemotaxis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of B cell chemotaxis.
2000551 regulation of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production.
2000552 negative regulation of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production.
2000553 positive regulation of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production.
2000554 regulation of T-helper 1 cell cytokine production P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell cytokine production.
2000555 negative regulation of T-helper 1 cell cytokine production P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell cytokine production.
2000556 positive regulation of T-helper 1 cell cytokine production P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell cytokine production.
2000557 regulation of immunoglobulin production in mucosal tissue P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of immunoglobulin production in mucosal tissue.
2000558 positive regulation of immunoglobulin production in mucosal tissue P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of immunoglobulin production in mucosal tissue.
2000559 regulation of CD24 biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CD24 biosynthetic process.
2000560 positive regulation of CD24 biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD24 biosynthetic process.
2000561 regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation.
2000562 negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation.
2000563 positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation.
2000564 regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation.
2000565 negative regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation.
2000566 positive regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation.
2000567 regulation of memory T cell activation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of memory T cell activation.
2000568 positive regulation of memory T cell activation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of memory T cell activation.
2000569 regulation of T-helper 2 cell activation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell activation.
2000570 positive regulation of T-helper 2 cell activation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell activation.
2000571 regulation of interleukin-4-dependent isotype switching to IgE isotypes P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-4-dependent isotype switching to IgE isotypes.
2000572 positive regulation of interleukin-4-dependent isotype switching to IgE isotypes P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-4-dependent isotype switching to IgE isotypes.
2000573 positive regulation of DNA biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA biosynthetic process.
2000574 regulation of microtubule motor activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule motor activity.
2000575 negative regulation of microtubule motor activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule motor activity.
2000576 positive regulation of microtubule motor activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule motor activity.
2000577 regulation of ATP-dependent microtubule motor activity, minus-end-directed P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ATP-dependent microtubule motor activity, minus-end-directed.
2000578 negative regulation of ATP-dependent microtubule motor activity, minus-end-directed P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ATP-dependent microtubule motor activity, minus-end-directed.
2000579 positive regulation of ATP-dependent microtubule motor activity, minus-end-directed P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ATP-dependent microtubule motor activity, minus-end-directed.
2000580 regulation of ATP-dependent microtubule motor activity, plus-end-directed P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ATP-dependent microtubule motor activity, plus-end-directed.
2000581 negative regulation of ATP-dependent microtubule motor activity, plus-end-directed P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ATP-dependent microtubule motor activity, plus-end-directed.
2000582 positive regulation of ATP-dependent microtubule motor activity, plus-end-directed P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ATP-dependent microtubule motor activity, plus-end-directed.
2000583 regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway.
2000584 negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway.
2000585 positive regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway.
2000586 regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway.
2000587 negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway.
2000588 positive regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway.
2000589 regulation of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration.
2000590 negative regulation of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration.
2000591 positive regulation of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration.
2000592 regulation of metanephric DCT cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric DCT cell differentiation.
2000593 negative regulation of metanephric DCT cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric DCT cell differentiation.
2000594 positive regulation of metanephric DCT cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric DCT cell differentiation.
2000595 regulation of optic nerve formation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of optic nerve formation.
2000596 negative regulation of optic nerve formation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of optic nerve formation.
2000597 positive regulation of optic nerve formation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of optic nerve formation.
2000601 positive regulation of Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation.
2000603 regulation of secondary growth P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secondary growth.
2000604 negative regulation of secondary growth P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of secondary growth.
2000605 positive regulation of secondary growth P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of secondary growth.
2000606 regulation of cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development.
2000607 negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development.
2000608 positive regulation of cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development.
2000609 regulation of thyroid hormone generation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid hormone generation.
2000610 negative regulation of thyroid hormone generation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid hormone generation.
2000611 positive regulation of thyroid hormone generation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid hormone generation.
2000612 regulation of thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion.
2000613 negative regulation of thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion.
2000614 positive regulation of thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion.
2000615 regulation of histone H3-K9 acetylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K9 acetylation.
2000616 negative regulation of histone H3-K9 acetylation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K9 acetylation.
2000617 positive regulation of histone H3-K9 acetylation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K9 acetylation.
2000618 regulation of histone H4-K16 acetylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histone H4-K16 acetylation.
2000619 negative regulation of histone H4-K16 acetylation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histone H4-K16 acetylation.
2000620 positive regulation of histone H4-K16 acetylation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histone H4-K16 acetylation.
2000621 regulation of DNA replication termination P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication termination.
2000622 regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay.
2000623 negative regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay.
2000624 positive regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay.
2000625 regulation of miRNA catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of miRNA catabolic process.
2000626 negative regulation of miRNA catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of miRNA catabolic process.
2000627 positive regulation of miRNA catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of miRNA catabolic process.
2000628 regulation of miRNA metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of miRNA metabolic process.
2000629 negative regulation of miRNA metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of miRNA metabolic process.
2000630 positive regulation of miRNA metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of miRNA metabolic process.
2000631 regulation of pre-miRNA processing P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pre-microRNA processing.
2000632 negative regulation of pre-miRNA processing P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pre-microRNA processing.
2000633 positive regulation of pre-miRNA processing P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pre-microRNA processing.
2000634 regulation of primary miRNA processing P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of primary microRNA processing.
2000635 negative regulation of primary miRNA processing P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of primary microRNA processing.
2000636 positive regulation of primary miRNA processing P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of primary microRNA processing.
2000637 positive regulation of gene silencing by miRNA P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene silencing by miRNA.
2000638 regulation of SREBP signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the SREBP signaling pathway.
2000639 negative regulation of SREBP signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the SREBP signaling pathway.
2000640 positive regulation of SREBP signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the SREBP signaling pathway.
2000641 regulation of early endosome to late endosome transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of early endosome to late endosome transport.
2000642 negative regulation of early endosome to late endosome transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of early endosome to late endosome transport.
2000643 positive regulation of early endosome to late endosome transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of early endosome to late endosome transport.
2000644 regulation of receptor catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor catabolic process.
2000645 negative regulation of receptor catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor catabolic process.
2000646 positive regulation of receptor catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor catabolic process.
2000647 negative regulation of stem cell proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell proliferation.
2000648 positive regulation of stem cell proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell proliferation.
2000649 regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity.
2000650 negative regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity.
2000651 positive regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity.
2000652 regulation of secondary cell wall biogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secondary cell wall biogenesis.
2000653 regulation of genetic imprinting P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of genetic imprinting.
2000654 regulation of cellular response to testosterone stimulus P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to testosterone stimulus.
2000655 negative regulation of cellular response to testosterone stimulus P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to testosterone stimulus.
2000656 regulation of apolipoprotein binding P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apolipoprotein binding.
2000657 negative regulation of apolipoprotein binding P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apolipoprotein binding.
2000658 positive regulation of apolipoprotein binding P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apolipoprotein binding.
2000659 regulation of interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway.
2000660 negative regulation of interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway.
2000661 positive regulation of interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway.
2000662 regulation of interleukin-5 secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-5 secretion.
2000663 negative regulation of interleukin-5 secretion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-5 secretion.
2000664 positive regulation of interleukin-5 secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-5 secretion.
2000665 regulation of interleukin-13 secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-13 secretion.
2000666 negative regulation of interleukin-13 secretion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-13 secretion.
2000667 positive regulation of interleukin-13 secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-13 secretion.
2000668 regulation of dendritic cell apoptotic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell apoptotic process.
2000669 negative regulation of dendritic cell apoptotic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell apoptotic process.
2000670 positive regulation of dendritic cell apoptotic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell apoptotic process.
2000671 regulation of motor neuron apoptotic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of motor neuron apoptotic process.
2000672 negative regulation of motor neuron apoptotic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of motor neuron apoptotic process.
2000673 positive regulation of motor neuron apoptotic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of motor neuron apoptotic process.
2000674 regulation of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process.
2000675 negative regulation of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process.
2000676 positive regulation of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process.
2000677 regulation of transcription regulatory region DNA binding P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription regulatory region DNA binding.
2000678 negative regulation of transcription regulatory region DNA binding P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription regulatory region DNA binding.
2000679 positive regulation of transcription regulatory region DNA binding P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription regulatory region DNA binding.
2000680 regulation of rubidium ion transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of rubidium ion transport.
2000681 negative regulation of rubidium ion transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of rubidium ion transport.
2000682 positive regulation of rubidium ion transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of rubidium ion transport.
2000683 regulation of cellular response to X-ray P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to X-ray.
2000684 negative regulation of cellular response to X-ray P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to X-ray.
2000685 positive regulation of cellular response to X-ray P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to X-ray.
2000686 regulation of rubidium ion transmembrane transporter activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of rubidium ion transmembrane transporter activity.
2000687 negative regulation of rubidium ion transmembrane transporter activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of rubidium ion transmembrane transporter activity.
2000688 positive regulation of rubidium ion transmembrane transporter activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of rubidium ion transmembrane transporter activity.
2000689 actomyosin contractile ring assembly actin filament organization P An actin filament organization process that contributes to actomyosin contractile ring assembly during cytokinesis.
2000690 regulation of cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation.
2000691 negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation.
2000692 negative regulation of seed maturation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of seed maturation.
2000693 positive regulation of seed maturation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of seed maturation.
2000694 regulation of phragmoplast microtubule organization P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phragmoplast microtubule organization.
2000696 regulation of epithelial cell differentiation involved in kidney development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation involved in kidney development.
2000697 negative regulation of epithelial cell differentiation involved in kidney development P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation involved in kidney development.
2000698 positive regulation of epithelial cell differentiation involved in kidney development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation involved in kidney development.
2000699 fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to the formation of the ureteric bud from the Wolffian duct.
2000700 positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation.
2000701 glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation P The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to the formation of the ureteric bud from the Wolffian duct.
2000702 regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation.
2000703 negative regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation.
2000704 positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation.
2000705 regulation of dense core granule biogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dense core granule biogenesis.
2000706 negative regulation of dense core granule biogenesis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dense core granule biogenesis.
2000707 positive regulation of dense core granule biogenesis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dense core granule biogenesis.
2000708 myosin filament organization involved in cytokinetic actomyosin contractile ring assembly P A myosin filament organization process that contributes to actomyosin contractile ring assembly during cytokinesis.
2000709 regulation of maintenance of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion, centromeric P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion in the centromeric region.
2000710 negative regulation of maintenance of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion, centromeric P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion in the centromeric region.
2000711 positive regulation of maintenance of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion, centromeric P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion in the centromeric region.
2000712 regulation of maintenance of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion, arms P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion along the chromosome arms.
2000713 negative regulation of maintenance of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion, arms P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion along the chromosome arms.
2000714 positive regulation of maintenance of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion, arms P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion along the chromosome arms.
2000715 regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, arms P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion along the chromosome arms.
2000716 negative regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, arms P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion along the chromosome arms.
2000717 positive regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, arms P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion along the chromosome arms.
2000718 regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, centromeric P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion in the centromeric region.
2000719 negative regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, centromeric P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion in the centromeric region.
2000720 positive regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, centromeric P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion in the centromeric region.
2000721 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in smooth muscle cell differentiation P Any positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that is involved in smooth muscle cell differentiation.
2000722 regulation of cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation.
2000723 negative regulation of cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation.
2000724 positive regulation of cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation.
2000725 regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell differentiation.
2000726 negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell differentiation.
2000727 positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell differentiation.
2000728 regulation of mRNA export from nucleus in response to heat stress P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA export from nucleus in response to heat stress.
2000729 positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in ureter development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in ureter development.
2000730 regulation of termination of RNA polymerase I transcription P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of termination of RNA polymerase I transcription.
2000731 negative regulation of termination of RNA polymerase I transcription P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of termination of RNA polymerase I transcription.
2000732 positive regulation of termination of RNA polymerase I transcription P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of termination of RNA polymerase I transcription.
2000733 regulation of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation.
2000734 negative regulation of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation.
2000735 positive regulation of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation.
2000736 regulation of stem cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell differentiation.
2000737 negative regulation of stem cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell differentiation.
2000738 positive regulation of stem cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell differentiation.
2000739 regulation of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation.
2000740 negative regulation of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation.
2000741 positive regulation of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation.
2000742 regulation of anterior head development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anterior head development.
2000743 negative regulation of anterior head development P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anterior head development.
2000744 positive regulation of anterior head development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anterior head development.
2000746 regulation of defecation rhythm P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defecation rhythm.
2000747 negative regulation of defecation rhythm P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of defecation rhythm.
2000748 positive regulation of defecation rhythm P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of defecation rhythm.
2000749 positive regulation of chromatin silencing at rDNA P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin silencing at rDNA.
2000750 negative regulation of establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape.
2000751 histone H3-T3 phosphorylation involved in chromosome passenger complex localization to kinetochore P Any histone H3-T3 phosphorylation that is involved in chromosome passenger complex localization to kinetochore.
2000752 regulation of glucosylceramide catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucosylceramide catabolic process.
2000753 positive regulation of glucosylceramide catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucosylceramide catabolic process.
2000754 regulation of sphingomyelin catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sphingomyelin catabolic process.
2000755 positive regulation of sphingomyelin catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sphingomyelin catabolic process.
2000756 regulation of peptidyl-lysine acetylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-lysine acetylation.
2000757 negative regulation of peptidyl-lysine acetylation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-lysine acetylation.
2000758 positive regulation of peptidyl-lysine acetylation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-lysine acetylation.
2000759 regulation of N-terminal peptidyl-lysine acetylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of N-terminal peptidyl-lysine acetylation.
2000760 negative regulation of N-terminal peptidyl-lysine acetylation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of N-terminal peptidyl-lysine acetylation.
2000761 positive regulation of N-terminal peptidyl-lysine acetylation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of N-terminal peptidyl-lysine acetylation.
2000762 regulation of phenylpropanoid metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phenylpropanoid metabolic process.
2000763 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in norepinephrine biosynthetic process P Any positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that is involved in norepinephrine biosynthetic process.
2000764 positive regulation of semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in outflow tract morphogenesis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.
2000765 regulation of cytoplasmic translation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translation.
2000766 negative regulation of cytoplasmic translation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translation.
2000767 positive regulation of cytoplasmic translation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translation.
2000768 positive regulation of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation.
2000769 regulation of establishment or maintenance of cell polarity regulating cell shape P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or maintenance of cell polarity regulating cell shape.
2000770 negative regulation of establishment or maintenance of cell polarity regulating cell shape P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or maintenance of cell polarity regulating cell shape.
2000771 positive regulation of establishment or maintenance of cell polarity regulating cell shape P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or maintenance of cell polarity regulating cell shape.
2000772 regulation of cellular senescence P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular senescence.
2000773 negative regulation of cellular senescence P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular senescence.
2000774 positive regulation of cellular senescence P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular senescence.
2000775 histone H3-S10 phosphorylation involved in chromosome condensation P Any histone H3-S10 phosphorylation that is involved in chromosome condensation.
2000776 histone H4 acetylation involved in response to DNA damage stimulus P Any histone H4 acetylation that is involved in a response to DNA damage stimulus.
2000777 positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process involved in cellular response to hypoxia P Any positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process that is involved in a cellular response to hypoxia.
2000778 positive regulation of interleukin-6 secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-6 secretion.
2000779 regulation of double-strand break repair P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair.
2000780 negative regulation of double-strand break repair P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair.
2000781 positive regulation of double-strand break repair P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair.
2000782 regulation of establishment of cell polarity regulating cell shape P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of cell polarity regulating cell shape.
2000783 negative regulation of establishment of cell polarity regulating cell shape P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of cell polarity regulating cell shape.
2000784 positive regulation of establishment of cell polarity regulating cell shape P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of cell polarity regulating cell shape.
2000785 regulation of autophagosome assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagosome assembly.
2000786 positive regulation of autophagosome assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of autophagic vacuole assembly.
2000787 regulation of venous endothelial cell fate commitment P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of venous endothelial cell fate commitment.
2000788 negative regulation of venous endothelial cell fate commitment P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of venous endothelial cell fate commitment.
2000789 positive regulation of venous endothelial cell fate commitment P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of venous endothelial cell fate commitment.
2000790 regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development.
2000791 negative regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development.
2000792 positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development.
2000793 cell proliferation involved in heart valve development P Any cell proliferation that is involved in heart valve development.
2000794 regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis.
2000795 negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis.
2000796 Notch signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of venous endothelial cell fate commitment P Any Notch signaling pathway that is involved in negative regulation of venous endothelial cell fate commitment.
2000797 regulation of amniotic stem cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amniotic stem cell differentiation.
2000798 negative regulation of amniotic stem cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of amniotic stem cell differentiation.
2000799 positive regulation of amniotic stem cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of amniotic stem cell differentiation.
2000800 regulation of endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition involved in heart valve formation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition involved in heart valve formation.
2000801 negative regulation of endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition involved in heart valve formation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition involved in heart valve formation.
2000802 positive regulation of endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition involved in heart valve formation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition involved in heart valve formation.
2000803 endosomal signal transduction P The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components located at the endosome. Endosomes can provide important intracellular signaling platforms and provide spatial and temporal control over signal transduction.
2000804 regulation of termination of RNA polymerase II transcription, poly(A)-coupled P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of termination of RNA polymerase II transcription, poly(A)-coupled.
2000805 negative regulation of termination of RNA polymerase II transcription, poly(A)-coupled P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of termination of RNA polymerase II transcription, poly(A)-coupled.
2000806 positive regulation of termination of RNA polymerase II transcription, poly(A)-coupled P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of termination of RNA polymerase II transcription, poly(A)-coupled.
2000807 regulation of synaptic vesicle clustering P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle clustering.
2000808 negative regulation of synaptic vesicle clustering P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle clustering.
2000809 positive regulation of synaptic vesicle clustering P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle clustering.
2000810 regulation of bicellular tight junction assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tight junction assembly.
2000811 negative regulation of anoikis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anoikis.
2000812 regulation of barbed-end actin filament capping P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of barbed-end actin filament capping.
2000813 negative regulation of barbed-end actin filament capping P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of barbed-end actin filament capping.
2000814 positive regulation of barbed-end actin filament capping P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of barbed-end actin filament capping.
2000815 regulation of mRNA stability involved in response to oxidative stress P A process of regulation of mRNA stability that is involved in a response to oxidative stress.
2000816 negative regulation of mitotic sister chromatid separation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic sister chromatid separation.
2000817 regulation of histone H3-T3 phosphorylation involved in chromosome passenger complex localization to kinetochore P Any regulation of histone H3-T3 phosphorylation that is involved in chromosome passenger complex localization to kinetochore.
2000818 negative regulation of myoblast proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast proliferation.
2000819 regulation of nucleotide-excision repair P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nucleotide-excision repair.
2000820 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in smooth muscle cell differentiation P Any negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that is involved in smooth muscle cell differentiation.
2000821 regulation of grooming behavior P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of grooming behavior.
2000822 regulation of behavioral fear response P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of behavioral fear response.
2000823 regulation of androgen receptor activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of androgen receptor activity.
2000824 negative regulation of androgen receptor activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of androgen receptor activity.
2000825 positive regulation of androgen receptor activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of androgen receptor activity.
2000826 regulation of heart morphogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart morphogenesis.
2000827 mitochondrial RNA surveillance P The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading defective or aberrant RNAs that takes place in the mitochondrion.
2000828 regulation of parathyroid hormone secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of parathyroid hormone secretion.
2000829 negative regulation of parathyroid hormone secretion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of parathyroid hormone secretion.
2000830 positive regulation of parathyroid hormone secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of parathyroid hormone secretion.
2000831 regulation of steroid hormone secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of steroid hormone secretion.
2000832 negative regulation of steroid hormone secretion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of steroid hormone secretion.
2000833 positive regulation of steroid hormone secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of steroid hormone secretion.
2000834 regulation of androgen secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of androgen secretion.
2000835 negative regulation of androgen secretion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of androgen secretion.
2000836 positive regulation of androgen secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of androgen secretion.
2000837 regulation of androstenedione secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of androstenedione secretion.
2000838 negative regulation of androstenedione secretion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of androstenedione secretion.
2000839 positive regulation of androstenedione secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of androstenedione secretion.
2000840 regulation of dehydroepiandrosterone secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dehydroepiandrosterone secretion.
2000841 negative regulation of dehydroepiandrosterone secretion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dehydroepiandrosterone secretion.
2000842 positive regulation of dehydroepiandrosterone secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dehydroepiandrosterone secretion.
2000843 regulation of testosterone secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of testosterone secretion.
2000844 negative regulation of testosterone secretion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of testosterone secretion.
2000845 positive regulation of testosterone secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of testosterone secretion.
2000846 regulation of corticosteroid hormone secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of corticosteroid hormone secretion.
2000847 negative regulation of corticosteroid hormone secretion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of corticosteroid hormone secretion.
2000848 positive regulation of corticosteroid hormone secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of corticosteroid hormone secretion.
2000849 regulation of glucocorticoid secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid secretion.
2000850 negative regulation of glucocorticoid secretion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid secretion.
2000851 positive regulation of glucocorticoid secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid secretion.
2000852 regulation of corticosterone secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of corticosterone secretion.
2000853 negative regulation of corticosterone secretion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of corticosterone secretion.
2000854 positive regulation of corticosterone secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of corticosterone secretion.
2000855 regulation of mineralocorticoid secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mineralocorticoid secretion.
2000856 negative regulation of mineralocorticoid secretion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mineralocorticoid secretion.
2000857 positive regulation of mineralocorticoid secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mineralocorticoid secretion.
2000858 regulation of aldosterone secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aldosterone secretion.
2000859 negative regulation of aldosterone secretion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aldosterone secretion.
2000860 positive regulation of aldosterone secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aldosterone secretion.
2000861 regulation of estrogen secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of estrogen secretion.
2000862 negative regulation of estrogen secretion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of estrogen secretion.
2000863 positive regulation of estrogen secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of estrogen secretion.
2000864 regulation of estradiol secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of estradiol secretion.
2000865 negative regulation of estradiol secretion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of estradiol secretion.
2000866 positive regulation of estradiol secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of estradiol secretion.
2000867 regulation of estrone secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of estrone secretion.
2000868 negative regulation of estrone secretion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of estrone secretion.
2000869 positive regulation of estrone secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of estrone secretion.
2000870 regulation of progesterone secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of progesterone secretion.
2000871 negative regulation of progesterone secretion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of progesterone secretion.
2000872 positive regulation of progesterone secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of progesterone secretion.
2000873 regulation of histone H4 acetylation involved in response to DNA damage stimulus P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histone H4 acetylation involved in response to DNA damage stimulus.
2000874 regulation of glyoxylate cycle P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glyoxylate cycle.
2000875 negative regulation of glyoxylate cycle P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glyoxylate cycle.
2000876 positive regulation of glyoxylate cycle P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glyoxylate cycle.
2000877 negative regulation of oligopeptide transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oligopeptide transport.
2000878 positive regulation of oligopeptide transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oligopeptide transport.
2000879 negative regulation of dipeptide transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dipeptide transport.
2000880 positive regulation of dipeptide transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dipeptide transport.
2000881 regulation of starch catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of starch catabolic process.
2000882 negative regulation of starch catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of starch catabolic process.
2000883 positive regulation of starch catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of starch catabolic process.
2000884 glucomannan catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a glucomannan.
2000885 galactoglucomannan catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a galactoglucomannan.
2000886 glucuronoxylan catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a glucuronoxylan.
2000887 glucuronoarabinoxylan catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a glucuronoarabinoxylan.
2000888 arabinoxylan-containing compound catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an arabinoxylan.
2000889 cellodextrin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cellodextrin.
2000890 cellodextrin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a cellodextrin.
2000891 cellobiose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cellobiose.
2000892 cellobiose catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a cellobiose.
2000893 cellotriose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cellotriose.
2000894 cellotriose catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a cellotriose.
2000895 hemicellulose catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a hemicellulose.
2000896 amylopectin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving an amylopectin.
2000897 amylopectin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an amylopectin.
2000898 regulation of glucomannan catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucomannan catabolic process.
2000899 xyloglucan catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a xyloglucan.
2000900 cyclodextrin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cyclodextrin.
2000901 cyclodextrin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a cyclodextrin.
2000902 cellooligosaccharide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cellooligosaccharide.
2000903 cellooligosaccharide catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a cellooligosaccharide.
2000904 regulation of starch metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of starch metabolic process.
2000905 negative regulation of starch metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of starch metabolic process.
2000906 positive regulation of starch metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of starch metabolic process.
2000907 negative regulation of glucomannan catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucomannan catabolic process.
2000908 positive regulation of glucomannan catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucomannan catabolic process.
2000909 regulation of sterol import P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sterol import.
2000910 negative regulation of sterol import P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sterol import.
2000911 positive regulation of sterol import P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sterol import.
2000912 regulation of galactoglucomannan catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of galactoglucomannan catabolic process.
2000913 negative regulation of galactoglucomannan catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of galactoglucomannan catabolic process.
2000914 positive regulation of galactoglucomannan catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of galactoglucomannan catabolic process.
2000915 regulation of glucuronoxylan catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucuronoxylan catabolic process.
2000916 negative regulation of glucuronoxylan catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucuronoxylan catabolic process.
2000917 positive regulation of glucuronoxylan catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucuronoxylan catabolic process.
2000918 regulation of glucuronoarabinoxylan catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucuronoarabinoxylan catabolic process.
2000919 negative regulation of glucuronoarabinoxylan catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucuronoarabinoxylan catabolic process.
2000920 positive regulation of glucuronoarabinoxylan catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucuronoarabinoxylan catabolic process.
2000921 regulation of arabinoxylan-containing compound catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of arabinoxylan-containing compound catabolic process.
2000922 negative regulation of arabinoxylan-containing compound catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of arabinoxylan-containing compound catabolic process.
2000923 positive regulation of arabinoxylan-containing compound catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of arabinoxylan-containing compound catabolic process.
2000924 regulation of cellodextrin metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellodextrin metabolic process.
2000925 negative regulation of cellodextrin metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellodextrin metabolic process.
2000926 positive regulation of cellodextrin metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellodextrin metabolic process.
2000927 regulation of cellodextrin catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellodextrin catabolic process.
2000928 negative regulation of cellodextrin catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellodextrin catabolic process.
2000929 positive regulation of cellodextrin catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellodextrin catabolic process.
2000930 regulation of cellobiose metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellobiose metabolic process.
2000931 negative regulation of cellobiose metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellobiose metabolic process.
2000932 positive regulation of cellobiose metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellobiose metabolic process.
2000933 regulation of cellotriose metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellotriose metabolic process.
2000934 negative regulation of cellotriose metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellotriose metabolic process.
2000935 positive regulation of cellotriose metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellotriose metabolic process.
2000936 regulation of cellotriose catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellotriose catabolic process.
2000937 negative regulation of cellotriose catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellotriose catabolic process.
2000938 positive regulation of cellotriose catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellotriose catabolic process.
2000939 regulation of plant-type cell wall cellulose catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plant-type cell wall cellulose catabolic process.
2000940 negative regulation of plant-type cell wall cellulose catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of plant-type cell wall cellulose catabolic process.
2000941 positive regulation of plant-type cell wall cellulose catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of plant-type cell wall cellulose catabolic process.
2000942 regulation of amylopectin metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amylopectin metabolic process.
2000943 negative regulation of amylopectin metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of amylopectin metabolic process.
2000944 positive regulation of amylopectin metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of amylopectin metabolic process.
2000945 regulation of amylopectin catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amylopectin catabolic process.
2000946 negative regulation of amylopectin catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of amylopectin catabolic process.
2000947 positive regulation of amylopectin catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of amylopectin catabolic process.
2000948 regulation of xyloglucan metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of xyloglucan metabolic process.
2000949 negative regulation of xyloglucan metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of xyloglucan metabolic process.
2000950 positive regulation of xyloglucan metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of xyloglucan metabolic process.
2000951 regulation of xyloglucan catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of xyloglucan catabolic process.
2000952 negative regulation of xyloglucan catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of xyloglucan catabolic process.
2000953 positive regulation of xyloglucan catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of xyloglucan catabolic process.
2000954 regulation of cyclodextrin metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cyclodextrin metabolic process.
2000955 negative regulation of cyclodextrin metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cyclodextrin metabolic process.
2000956 positive regulation of cyclodextrin metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cyclodextrin metabolic process.
2000957 regulation of cyclodextrin catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cyclodextrin catabolic process.
2000958 negative regulation of cyclodextrin catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cyclodextrin catabolic process.
2000959 positive regulation of cyclodextrin catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cyclodextrin catabolic process.
2000960 regulation of cellooligosaccharide metabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellooligosaccharide metabolic process.
2000961 negative regulation of cellooligosaccharide metabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellooligosaccharide metabolic process.
2000962 positive regulation of cellooligosaccharide metabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellooligosaccharide metabolic process.
2000963 regulation of cellooligosaccharide catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellooligosaccharide catabolic process.
2000964 negative regulation of cellooligosaccharide catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellooligosaccharide catabolic process.
2000965 positive regulation of cellooligosaccharide catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellooligosaccharide catabolic process.
2000966 regulation of cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process.
2000967 negative regulation of cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process.
2000968 positive regulation of cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process.
2000969 positive regulation of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate selective glutamate receptor activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate selective glutamate receptor activity.
2000970 regulation of detection of glucose P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of detection of glucose.
2000971 negative regulation of detection of glucose P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of detection of glucose.
2000972 positive regulation of detection of glucose P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of detection of glucose.
2000973 regulation of pro-B cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pro-B cell differentiation.
2000974 negative regulation of pro-B cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pro-B cell differentiation.
2000975 positive regulation of pro-B cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pro-B cell differentiation.
2000977 regulation of forebrain neuron differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of forebrain neuron differentiation.
2000978 negative regulation of forebrain neuron differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of forebrain neuron differentiation.
2000979 positive regulation of forebrain neuron differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of forebrain neuron differentiation.
2000980 regulation of inner ear receptor cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of inner ear receptor cell differentiation.
2000981 negative regulation of inner ear receptor cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of inner ear receptor cell differentiation.
2000982 positive regulation of inner ear receptor cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of inner ear receptor cell differentiation.
2000983 regulation of ATP citrate synthase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ATP citrate synthase activity.
2000984 negative regulation of ATP citrate synthase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ATP citrate synthase activity.
2000985 positive regulation of ATP citrate synthase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ATP citrate synthase activity.
2000986 negative regulation of behavioral fear response P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of behavioral fear response.
2000987 positive regulation of behavioral fear response P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of behavioral fear response.
2000988 regulation of hemicellulose catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hemicellulose catabolic process.
2000989 negative regulation of hemicellulose catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hemicellulose catabolic process.
2000990 positive regulation of hemicellulose catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hemicellulose catabolic process.
2000991 regulation of galactomannan catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of galactomannan catabolic process.
2000992 negative regulation of galactomannan catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of galactomannan catabolic process.
2000993 positive regulation of galactomannan catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of galactomannan catabolic process.
2000994 regulation of mannan catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mannan catabolic process.
2000995 negative regulation of mannan catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mannan catabolic process.
2000996 positive regulation of mannan catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mannan catabolic process.
2000997 regulation of cellulose catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellulose catabolic process.
2000998 negative regulation of cellulose catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellulose catabolic process.
2000999 positive regulation of cellulose catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellulose catabolic process.
2001000 regulation of xylan catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of xylan catabolic process.
2001001 negative regulation of xylan catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of xylan catabolic process.
2001002 positive regulation of xylan catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of xylan catabolic process.
2001003 regulation of pectin catabolic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pectin catabolic process.
2001004 negative regulation of pectin catabolic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pectin catabolic process.
2001005 positive regulation of pectin catabolic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pectin catabolic process.
2001006 regulation of cellulose biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellulose biosynthetic process.
2001007 negative regulation of cellulose biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellulose biosynthetic process.
2001008 positive regulation of cellulose biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellulose biosynthetic process.
2001009 regulation of plant-type cell wall cellulose biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plant-type cell wall cellulose biosynthetic process.
2001010 negative regulation of plant-type cell wall cellulose biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of plant-type cell wall cellulose biosynthetic process.
2001011 positive regulation of plant-type cell wall cellulose biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of plant-type cell wall cellulose biosynthetic process.
2001012 mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in renal system development P The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesenchymal cells of the renal system as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.
2001013 epithelial cell proliferation involved in renal tubule morphogenesis P Any epithelial cell proliferation that is involved in renal tubule morphogenesis.
2001014 regulation of skeletal muscle cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell differentiation.
2001015 negative regulation of skeletal muscle cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell differentiation.
2001016 positive regulation of skeletal muscle cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell differentiation.
2001017 regulation of retrograde axon cargo transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde axon cargo transport.
2001018 negative regulation of retrograde axon cargo transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde axon cargo transport.
2001019 positive regulation of retrograde axon cargo transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde axon cargo transport.
2001020 regulation of response to DNA damage stimulus P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to DNA damage stimulus.
2001021 negative regulation of response to DNA damage stimulus P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to DNA damage stimulus.
2001022 positive regulation of response to DNA damage stimulus P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to DNA damage stimulus.
2001023 regulation of response to drug P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to drug.
2001024 negative regulation of response to drug P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to drug.
2001025 positive regulation of response to drug P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to drug.
2001026 regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis.
2001027 negative regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis.
2001028 positive regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis.
2001029 regulation of cellular glucuronidation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular glucuronidation.
2001030 negative regulation of cellular glucuronidation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular glucuronidation.
2001031 positive regulation of cellular glucuronidation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular glucuronidation.
2001032 regulation of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining.
2001033 negative regulation of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining.
2001034 positive regulation of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining.
2001035 regulation of tongue muscle cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tongue muscle cell differentiation.
2001036 negative regulation of tongue muscle cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tongue muscle cell differentiation.
2001037 positive regulation of tongue muscle cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tongue muscle cell differentiation.
2001038 regulation of cellular response to drug P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to drug.
2001039 negative regulation of cellular response to drug P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to drug.
2001040 positive regulation of cellular response to drug P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to drug.
2001042 negative regulation of cell separation after cytokinesis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell separation involved in cell cycle cytokinesis.
2001043 positive regulation of cell separation after cytokinesis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell separation involved after cell cycle cytokinesis.
2001044 regulation of integrin-mediated signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of integrin-mediated signaling pathway.
2001045 negative regulation of integrin-mediated signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of integrin-mediated signaling pathway.
2001046 positive regulation of integrin-mediated signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of integrin-mediated signaling pathway.
2001049 regulation of tendon cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tendon cell differentiation.
2001050 negative regulation of tendon cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tendon cell differentiation.
2001051 positive regulation of tendon cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tendon cell differentiation.
2001053 regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process.
2001054 negative regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process.
2001055 positive regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process.
2001056 positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity.
2001057 reactive nitrogen species metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a reactive nitrogen species.
2001058 D-tagatose 6-phosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a D-tagatose 6-phosphate.
2001059 D-tagatose 6-phosphate catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a D-tagatose 6-phosphate.
2001060 D-glycero-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a D-glycero-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate.
2001061 D-glycero-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a D-glycero-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate.
2001062 xylan binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with xylan.
2001063 glucomannan binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with glucomannan.
2001064 cellooligosaccharide binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cellooligosaccharide.
2001065 mannan binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with mannan.
2001066 amylopectin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with amylopectin.
2001067 pullulan binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with pullulan.
2001068 arabinoxylan binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with arabinoxylan.
2001069 glycogen binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with glycogen.
2001070 starch binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with starch.
2001071 maltoheptaose binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with maltoheptaose.
2001072 galactomannan binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with galactomannan.
2001073 cyclodextrin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cyclodextrin.
2001074 regulation of metanephric ureteric bud development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric ureteric bud development.
2001075 negative regulation of metanephric ureteric bud development P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric ureteric bud development.
2001076 positive regulation of metanephric ureteric bud development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric ureteric bud development.
2001077 (1->3),(1->4)-beta-glucan binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with (1->3),(1->4)-beta-glucan.
2001078 (1->6)-beta-D-glucan binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with (1->6)-beta-D-glucan.
2001079 beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-D-Glc binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-D-Glc.
2001080 chitosan binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with chitosan.
2001081 (1->4)-beta-D-galactan binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with (1->4)-beta-D-galactan.
2001082 inulin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with inulin.
2001083 alpha-D-glucan binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with alpha-D-glucan.
2001084 L-arabinofuranose binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with L-arabinofuranose.
2001085 arabinogalactan binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with arabinogalactan.
2001086 laminarabiose transport P The directed movement of a laminarabioseacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
2001087 sophorose transport P The directed movement of a sophoroseacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
2001088 trisaccharide transport P The directed movement of a trisaccharideacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
2001089 maltotriose transport P The directed movement of a maltotrioseacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
2001090 maltotriulose transport P The directed movement of a maltotriuloseacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
2001091 nigerotriose transport P The directed movement of a nigerotrioseacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
2001092 arabinotriose transport P The directed movement of an arabinotrioseacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
2001093 galactotriose transport P The directed movement of a galactotrioseacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
2001094 xylotriose transport P The directed movement of a xylotrioseacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
2001095 mannotriose transport P The directed movement of a mannotrioseacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
2001096 cellotriose transport P The directed movement of a cellotrioseacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
2001097 laminaritriose transport P The directed movement of a laminaritrioseacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
2001098 tetrasaccharide transport P The directed movement of a tetrasaccharideacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
2001099 maltotetraose transport P The directed movement of a maltotetraoseacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
2001100 pentasaccharide transport P The directed movement of a pentasaccharideacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
2001101 maltopentaose transport P The directed movement of a maltopentaoseacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
2001102 hexasaccharide transport P The directed movement of a hexasaccharideacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
2001103 maltohexaose transport P The directed movement of a maltohexaoseacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
2001104 heptasaccharide transport P The directed movement of a heptasaccharideacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
2001105 maltoheptaose transport P The directed movement of a maltoheptaoseacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
2001106 regulation of Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity.
2001107 negative regulation of Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity.
2001108 positive regulation of Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity.
2001109 regulation of lens epithelial cell proliferation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lens epithelial cell proliferation.
2001110 negative regulation of lens epithelial cell proliferation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lens epithelial cell proliferation.
2001111 positive regulation of lens epithelial cell proliferation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lens epithelial cell proliferation.
2001112 regulation of cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus.
2001113 negative regulation of cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus.
2001114 positive regulation of cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus.
2001115 methanopterin-containing compound metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a methanopterin.
2001116 methanopterin-containing compound biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a methanopterin.
2001117 tetrahydromethanopterin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a tetrahydromethanopterin.
2001118 tetrahydromethanopterin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a tetrahydromethanopterin.
2001119 methanofuran metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a methanofuran.
2001120 methanofuran biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a methanofuran.
2001121 coenzyme gamma-F420-2 biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a coenzyme gamma-F420-2.
2001122 maltoheptaose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a maltoheptaose.
2001123 maltoheptaose catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a maltoheptaose.
2001124 regulation of translational frameshifting P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translational frameshifting.
2001125 negative regulation of translational frameshifting P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translational frameshifting.
2001126 positive regulation of translational frameshifting P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translational frameshifting.
2001127 methane biosynthetic process from formic acid P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a methane from a formic acid.
2001128 methane biosynthetic process from methylamine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a methane from a methylamine.
2001129 methane biosynthetic process from dimethylamine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a methane from a dimethylamine.
2001130 methane biosynthetic process from trimethylamine P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a methane from a trimethylamine.
2001131 methane biosynthetic process from dimethyl sulfide P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a methane from a dimethyl sulfide.
2001132 methane biosynthetic process from 3-(methylthio)propionic acid P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a methane from a 3-(methylthio)propionic acid.
2001133 methane biosynthetic process from methanethiol P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a methane from a methanethiol.
2001134 methane biosynthetic process from carbon monoxide P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a methane from a carbon monoxide.
2001135 regulation of endocytic recycling P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endocytic recycling.
2001136 negative regulation of endocytic recycling P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endocytic recycling.
2001137 positive regulation of endocytic recycling P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endocytic recycling.
2001138 regulation of phospholipid transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid transport.
2001139 negative regulation of phospholipid transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid transport.
2001140 positive regulation of phospholipid transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid transport.
2001141 regulation of RNA biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA biosynthetic process.
2001142 nicotinate transport P The directed movement of a nicotinateacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
2001143 N-methylnicotinate transport P The directed movement of a N-methylnicotinateacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
2001144 regulation of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity.
2001145 negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity.
2001146 positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity.
2001147 camalexin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with camalexin.
2001148 regulation of dipeptide transmembrane transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dipeptide transmembrane transport.
2001149 negative regulation of dipeptide transmembrane transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dipeptide transmembrane transport.
2001150 positive regulation of dipeptide transmembrane transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dipeptide transmembrane transport.
2001151 regulation of renal water transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of renal water transport.
2001152 negative regulation of renal water transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of renal water transport.
2001153 positive regulation of renal water transport P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of renal water transport.
2001154 regulation of glycolytic fermentation to ethanol P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucose catabolic process to ethanol.
2001155 negative regulation of glycolytic fermentation to ethanol P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucose catabolic process to ethanol.
2001156 regulation of proline catabolic process to glutamate P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of proline catabolic process to glutamate.
2001157 negative regulation of proline catabolic process to glutamate P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of proline catabolic process to glutamate.
2001158 positive regulation of proline catabolic process to glutamate P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of proline catabolic process to glutamate.
2001159 regulation of CVT pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CVT pathway.
2001160 regulation of histone H3-K79 methylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K79 methylation.
2001161 negative regulation of histone H3-K79 methylation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K79 methylation.
2001162 positive regulation of histone H3-K79 methylation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K79 methylation.
2001163 regulation of phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain serine 2 residues P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain serine 2 residues.
2001164 negative regulation of phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain serine 2 residues P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain serine 2 residues.
2001165 positive regulation of phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain serine 2 residues P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain serine 2 residues.
2001166 regulation of histone H2B ubiquitination P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histone H2B ubiquitination.
2001167 negative regulation of histone H2B ubiquitination P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histone H2B ubiquitination.
2001168 positive regulation of histone H2B ubiquitination P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histone H2B ubiquitination.
2001169 regulation of ATP biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ATP biosynthetic process.
2001170 negative regulation of ATP biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ATP biosynthetic process.
2001171 positive regulation of ATP biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ATP biosynthetic process.
2001172 positive regulation of glycolytic fermentation to ethanol P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucose catabolic process to ethanol.
2001173 regulation of histone H2B conserved C-terminal lysine ubiquitination P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histone H2B conserved C-terminal lysine ubiquitination.
2001174 negative regulation of histone H2B conserved C-terminal lysine ubiquitination P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histone H2B conserved C-terminal lysine ubiquitination.
2001175 positive regulation of histone H2B conserved C-terminal lysine ubiquitination P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histone H2B conserved C-terminal lysine ubiquitination.
2001176 regulation of mediator complex assembly P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mediator complex assembly.
2001177 negative regulation of mediator complex assembly P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mediator complex assembly.
2001178 positive regulation of mediator complex assembly P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mediator complex assembly.
2001179 regulation of interleukin-10 secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-10 secretion.
2001180 negative regulation of interleukin-10 secretion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-10 secretion.
2001181 positive regulation of interleukin-10 secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-10 secretion.
2001182 regulation of interleukin-12 secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-12 secretion.
2001183 negative regulation of interleukin-12 secretion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-12 secretion.
2001184 positive regulation of interleukin-12 secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-12 secretion.
2001185 regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation.
2001186 negative regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation.
2001187 positive regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation.
2001188 regulation of T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell.
2001189 negative regulation of T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell.
2001190 positive regulation of T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell.
2001191 regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation involved in immune response P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell activation involved in immune response.
2001192 negative regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation involved in immune response P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell activation involved in immune response.
2001193 positive regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation involved in immune response P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell activation involved in immune response.
2001194 regulation of lysine biosynthetic process via alpha-aminoadipate and saccharopine P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lysine biosynthetic process via alpha-aminoadipate and saccharopine.
2001195 negative regulation of lysine biosynthetic process via alpha-aminoadipate and saccharopine P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lysine biosynthetic process via alpha-aminoadipate and saccharopine.
2001196 positive regulation of lysine biosynthetic process via alpha-aminoadipate and saccharopine P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lysine biosynthetic process via alpha-aminoadipate and saccharopine.
2001197 basement membrane assembly involved in embryonic body morphogenesis P Any basement membrane assembly that is involved in embryonic body morphogenesis.
2001198 regulation of dendritic cell differentiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell differentiation.
2001199 negative regulation of dendritic cell differentiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell differentiation.
2001200 positive regulation of dendritic cell differentiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell differentiation.
2001201 regulation of transforming growth factor-beta secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transforming growth factor-beta secretion.
2001202 negative regulation of transforming growth factor-beta secretion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transforming growth factor-beta secretion.
2001203 positive regulation of transforming growth factor-beta secretion P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transforming growth factor-beta secretion.
2001204 regulation of osteoclast development P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast development.
2001205 negative regulation of osteoclast development P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast development.
2001206 positive regulation of osteoclast development P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast development.
2001207 regulation of transcription elongation from RNA polymerase I promoter P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation from RNA polymerase I promoter.
2001208 negative regulation of transcription elongation from RNA polymerase I promoter P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation from RNA polymerase I promoter.
2001209 positive regulation of transcription elongation from RNA polymerase I promoter P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation from RNA polymerase I promoter.
2001210 regulation of isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway.
2001211 negative regulation of isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway.
2001212 regulation of vasculogenesis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vasculogenesis.
2001213 negative regulation of vasculogenesis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vasculogenesis.
2001214 positive regulation of vasculogenesis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vasculogenesis.
2001215 regulation of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH) activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH) activity.
2001216 negative regulation of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH) activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH) activity.
2001222 regulation of neuron migration P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron migration.
2001223 negative regulation of neuron migration P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron migration.
2001224 positive regulation of neuron migration P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron migration.
2001225 regulation of chloride transport P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chloride transport.
2001226 negative regulation of chloride transport P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chloride transport.
2001227 quercitrin binding F Interacting selectively and non-covalently with quercitrin.
2001228 regulation of response to gamma radiation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to gamma radiation.
2001229 negative regulation of response to gamma radiation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to gamma radiation.
2001230 positive regulation of response to gamma radiation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to gamma radiation.
2001231 regulation of protein targeting to prospore membrane P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein targeting to prospore membrane.
2001232 positive regulation of protein targeting to prospore membrane P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein targeting to prospore membrane.
2001233 regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic signaling pathway.
2001234 negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic signaling pathway.
2001235 positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic signaling pathway.
2001236 regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
2001237 negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
2001238 positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
2001239 regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand.
2001240 negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand.
2001241 positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand.
2001242 regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
2001243 negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
2001244 positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
2001245 regulation of phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process.
2001246 negative regulation of phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process.
2001247 positive regulation of phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process.
2001248 regulation of ammonia assimilation cycle P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ammonia assimilation cycle.
2001249 negative regulation of ammonia assimilation cycle P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ammonia assimilation cycle.
2001250 positive regulation of ammonia assimilation cycle P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ammonia assimilation cycle.
2001251 negative regulation of chromosome organization P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome organization.
2001252 positive regulation of chromosome organization P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome organization.
2001253 regulation of histone H3-K36 trimethylation P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K36 trimethylation.
2001254 negative regulation of histone H3-K36 trimethylation P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K36 trimethylation.
2001255 positive regulation of histone H3-K36 trimethylation P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K36 trimethylation.
2001256 regulation of store-operated calcium entry P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of store-operated calcium entry.
2001257 regulation of cation channel activity P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cation channel activity.
2001258 negative regulation of cation channel activity P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cation channel activity.
2001259 positive regulation of cation channel activity P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cation channel activity.
2001260 regulation of semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway.
2001261 negative regulation of semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway.
2001262 positive regulation of semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway.
2001263 regulation of C-C chemokine binding P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of C-C chemokine binding.
2001264 negative regulation of C-C chemokine binding P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of C-C chemokine binding.
2001265 positive regulation of C-C chemokine binding P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of C-C chemokine binding.
2001266 Roundabout signaling pathway involved in axon guidance P Any Roundabout signaling pathway that is involved in axon guidance.
2001267 regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathway P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathway.
2001268 negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathway P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathway.
2001269 positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathway P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathway.
2001270 regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in execution phase of apoptosis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in execution phase of apoptosis.
2001271 negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in execution phase of apoptosis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in execution phase of apoptosis.
2001272 positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in execution phase of apoptosis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in execution phase of apoptosis.
2001273 regulation of glucose import in response to insulin stimulus P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucose import in response to insulin stimulus.
2001274 negative regulation of glucose import in response to insulin stimulus P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucose import in response to insulin stimulus.
2001275 positive regulation of glucose import in response to insulin stimulus P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucose import in response to insulin stimulus.
2001276 regulation of leucine biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leucine biosynthetic process.
2001277 negative regulation of leucine biosynthetic process P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leucine biosynthetic process.
2001278 positive regulation of leucine biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leucine biosynthetic process.
2001279 regulation of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic process P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic process.
2001280 positive regulation of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic process P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic process.
2001281 regulation of muscle cell chemotaxis toward tendon cell P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle cell chemotaxis toward tendon cell.
2001282 negative regulation of muscle cell chemotaxis toward tendon cell P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a muscle cell towards a tendon cell in response to an external stimulus. For example, when the muscle cell arrives at the target tendon cell, migration is arrested so that attachments can be made between the cells.
2001283 Roundabout signaling pathway involved in muscle cell chemotaxis toward tendon cell P Any Roundabout signaling pathway that is involved in the directed movement of a muscle cell towards a tendon cell in response to an external stimulus.
2001284 regulation of BMP secretion P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of BMP secretion.
2001285 negative regulation of BMP secretion P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of BMP secretion.
2001286 regulation of caveolin-mediated endocytosis P Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of caveolin-mediated endocytosis.
2001287 negative regulation of caveolin-mediated endocytosis P Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of caveolin-mediated endocytosis.
2001288 positive regulation of caveolin-mediated endocytosis P Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of caveolin-mediated endocytosis.
2001289 lipid X metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipid X, 2,3-diacylglucosamine 1-phosphate.
2001290 hydroperoxide metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a hydroperoxide.
2001291 codeine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving codeine, an alkaloid found in the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum var. album. Codeine has analgesic, anti-tussive and anti-diarrhoeal properties.
2001292 codeine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of codeine, an alkaloid found in the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum var. album. Codeine has analgesic, anti-tussive and anti-diarrhoeal properties.
2001293 malonyl-CoA metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving malonyl-CoA, the S-malonyl derivative of coenzyme A.
2001294 malonyl-CoA catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of malonyl-CoA, the S-malonyl derivative of coenzyme A.
2001295 malonyl-CoA biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of malonyl-CoA, the S-malonyl derivative of coenzyme A.
2001296 N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine.
2001297 N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine.
2001298 N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine, a methyl-L-arginine having two methyl groups both attached to the primary amino moiety of the guanidino group.
2001299 N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine, a methyl-L-arginine having two methyl groups both attached to the primary amino moiety of the guanidino group.
2001300 lipoxin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a lipoxin. A lipoxin is a non-classic eicosanoid and signalling molecule that has four conjugated double bonds and is derived from arachidonic acid.
2001301 lipoxin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a lipoxin. A lipoxin is a non-classic eicosanoid and signalling molecule that has four conjugated double bonds and is derived from arachidonic acid.
2001302 lipoxin A4 metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoxin A4. Lipoxin A4 is a C20 hydroxy fatty acid having (5S)-, (6R)- and (15S)-hydroxy groups as well as (7E)- (9E)-, (11Z)- and (13E)-double bonds.
2001303 lipoxin A4 biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipoxin A4. Lipoxin A4 is a C20 hydroxy fatty acid having (5S)-, (6R)- and (15S)-hydroxy groups as well as (7E)- (9E)-, (11Z)- and (13E)-double bonds.
2001304 lipoxin B4 metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoxin B4. Lipoxin B4 is a C20 hydroxy fatty acid having (5S)-, (14R)- and (15S)-hydroxy groups as well as (6E)- (8Z)-, (10E)- and (12E)-double bonds.
2001305 xanthone-containing compound metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a xanthone-containing compound.
2001306 lipoxin B4 biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipoxin B4. Lipoxin B4 is a C20 hydroxy fatty acid having (5S)-, (14R)- and (15S)-hydroxy groups as well as (6E)- (8Z)-, (10E)- and (12E)-double bonds.
2001307 xanthone-containing compound biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a xanthone-containing compound.
2001308 gliotoxin metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving the epipolythiodioxopiperazine gliotoxin, a poisonous substance produced by some species of fungi.
2001309 gliotoxin catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the epipolythiodioxopiperazine gliotoxin, a poisonous substance produced by some species of fungi.
2001310 gliotoxin biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the epipolythiodioxopiperazine gliotoxin, a poisonous substance produced by some species of fungi.
2001311 lysobisphosphatidic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a lysobisphosphatidic acid. A lysobisphosphatidic acid is a lysophosphatidic acid having the unusual property of a phosphodiester moiety linked to positions sn-1 and sn1' of glycerol; and two additional fatty acids esterified to the glycerol head group.
2001312 lysobisphosphatidic acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a lysobisphosphatidic acid. A lysobisphosphatidic acid is a lysophosphatidic acid having the unusual property of a phosphodiester moiety linked to positions sn-1 and sn1' of glycerol; and two additional fatty acids esterified to the glycerol head group.
2001313 UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinopyranose metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving a UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinopyranose.
2001314 UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinopyranose catabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinopyranose.
2001315 UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinopyranose biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinopyranose.
2001316 kojic acid metabolic process P The chemical reactions and pathways involving kojic acid.
2001317 kojic acid biosynthetic process P The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of kojic acid.