podmanRun/podmanRun

#!/usr/bin/env bash
#
# This script/function is a wrapper for podman run/exec that will automatically handle container
# creation, removal, and reuse
#
# MIT License
# Copyright (c) 2020 Bryan Roessler
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
# copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
# SOFTWARE.

podmanRun() {

    _printHelpAndExit() {

        if [[ -z $_debug ]]; then
            cat <<-'EOF'
USAGE
    podmanRun [-m MODE] [-o OPTIONS] [COMMANDS [ARGS]...] [--help] [--debug]

COMMANDS
    COMMANDS to run in the container

OPTIONS
    --mode, -m MODE
        1. recreate (default) (remove container if it already exists and create a new one)
        2. persistent (reuse existing container if it exists)
    --options, -o OPTIONS
        OPTIONS to pass to podman run/exec
        Can be passed multiple times to concatenate
        Will be split on whitespace
        Final option should be the name of the container image
    --debug, -d
        Print debugging
    --help, -h
        Print this help message and exit

EXAMPLES
    Note: IDE examples are using Atom Build package placeholders.

    Run an ephemeral PHP webserver container using the current directory as webroot:
        podmanRun -o "-p=8000:80 --name=php_script -v=$PWD:/var/www/html:z php:7.3-apache"

    Run an ephemeral PHP webserver container using the current directory as webroot using IDE:
        podmanRun -o "-p=8000:80 --name=php_{FILE_ACTIVE_NAME_BASE} \
        -v={FILE_ACTIVE_PATH}:/var/www/html:z php:7.3-apache"

    Run an ephemeral bash script:
        podmanRun -o "--name=bash_script -v=$PWD:$PWD:z -w=$PWD debian:testing" ./script.sh

    Run an ephemeral bash script using IDE:
        podmanRun -o "--name=bash_{FILE_ACTIVE_NAME_BASE}" \
                  -o "-v={FILE_ACTIVE_PATH}:{FILE_ACTIVE_PATH}:z" \
                  -o "-w={FILE_ACTIVE_PATH}" \
                  -o "debian:testing" \
                  {FILE_ACTIVE} arg1 arg2
EOF
        fi

        # Exit using passed exit code
        [[ -z $1 ]] && exit 0 || exit "$1"
    }


    # Parse input
    _parseInput() {

        declare -g _mode _debug
        declare -ga  _opts_arr _cmds_arr
        local INPUT

        # Use getopt to print help
        if INPUT=$(getopt -o +m:o:dh -l mode:,options:,debug,help -- "$@"); then
            eval set -- "$INPUT"
            while true; do
                case "$1" in
                    --mode|-m)
                        shift
                        _mode="$1"
                        ;;
                    --options|-o)
                        shift
                        #
                        _opts_arr+=("$1")
                        ;;
                    --help|-h)
                        _printHelpAndExit 0
                        ;;
                    --debug|-d)
                        _debug="1"
                        echo "Debugging on!"
                        ;;
                    --)
                        shift
                        break
                        ;;
                esac
                shift
            done
        else
            err "Incorrect options provided!"
            _printHelpAndExit 1
        fi

        # Load remaining arguments into the commands array
        shift $((OPTIND - 1))
        _cmds_arr=("$@")

        # Set default mode
        [[ -z $_mode ]] && _mode="recreate"
        # Allow mode numbers
        [[ "$_mode" == "1" ]] && _mode="recreate"
        [[ "$_mode" == "2" ]] && _mode="persistent"
        # Sanity check
        [[ ! "$_mode" =~ ^(recreate|persistent)$ ]] && err "Bad --mode" && _printHelpAndExit 1

        # Split options on whitespace
        # This assumes that podman options are properly formatted
        # https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/519917/382539
        readarray -td' ' _opts_arr < <(printf '%s' "${_opts_arr[*]}")

        debug "_opts_arr:" "${_opts_arr[@]}"
        debug "_cmds_arr:" "${_cmds_arr[@]}"
    }


    debug() { [[ -n $_debug ]] && echo "debug: " "$@"; }
    err() { echo "error: $*" >&2; }


    _setContainerName() {

        debug "${FUNCNAME[0]}"

        export _cname
        local index _name

        # Get user-specified container name by parsing the options array for --name
        for ((index=0; index <= ${#_opts_arr[@]}; index++)); do
            if [[ "${_opts_arr[index]}" == "--name" ]]; then
                _name="${_opts_arr[index+1]}"
            elif [[ "${_opts_arr[index]}" =~ ^--name ]]; then
                _name="${_opts_arr[index]}"
                _name="${_name#--name=}"
            fi
        done

        _sanitize() {
            local i="$*"; i="${i// /}" && i="${i//[^a-zA-Z0-9_]/}" && i="${i,,}"; echo "$i" ;
        }

        # If no --name is specified, then generate one using the opts and cmds arrays
        if [[ -z $_name ]]; then
            _cname="$(_sanitize "${_opts_arr[*]}${_cmds_arr[*]}")"
        else
            _cname="$(_sanitize "$_name")"
            [[ "$_name" != "$_cname" ]] && err "You must provide a valid --name" && exit 1
        fi

        debug "_cname: $_cname"
    }


    _containerExists() { debug "${FUNCNAME[0]} $1"; podman container exists "$1"; }

    _removeContainer() { debug "${FUNCNAME[0]} $1"; _containerExists "$1" && podman rm -vf "$1"; }

    _runContainer() {

        debug "${FUNCNAME[0]} $1"

        if _containerExists "$1"; then
            debug "podman exec $1 sh -c" "${_cmds_arr[@]}"
            podman exec "$1" "${_cmds_arr[@]}"
        else
            debug "podman run" "${_opts_arr[@]}" "${_cmds_arr[@]}"
            podman run "${_opts_arr[@]}" "${_cmds_arr[@]}"
        fi
    }


    __main() {

        # Get input
        _parseInput "$@"

        # Set _cname (container name)
        _setContainerName

        # Remove container if necessary
        [[ "$_mode" == "recreate" ]] && _containerExists "$_cname" && _removeContainer "$_cname"

        # Run or execute container
        _runContainer "$_cname"

        # Cleanup more reliably (usually not necessary)
        #[[ "$_mode" == "recreate" ]] && _containerExists "$_cname" && _removeContainer "$_cname"
    }

    # Allow this function to be executed directly
    __main "$@"
    exit $?
}

# Allow script to be called directly
if [[ "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" == "$0" ]]; then
    podmanRun "$@"
fi